Spring 2015 - Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division

Transcription

Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Spring 2015
CORNUCOPIA
including AGFD abstracts for the
249th American Chemical Society National Meeting
March 22 - 26, 2015
in
DENVER
KATHRYN DEIBLER, Program Chair
Find AGFD technical sessions at the Convention Center (posters – Conv. Ctr Hall C -Tues afternoon)
Connect to AGFD on LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=8154423&trk=vsrp_gro
ups_cluster_name&trkInfo=VSRPsearchId%3A143643753141
8687393369%2CVSRPtargetId%3A8154423%2CVSRPcmpt
%3Agroups_cluster
page
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back cover
Join the AGFD Chair’s Reception
Tuesday, March 24, 6-8 pm at the
Embassy Suites (across from Conv. Ctr.)
CONTENTS
Message from the Chair
Future AGFD programs
Communicating Chemistry: Colonial Cuisine = C4
Rachel Lloyd, recognized with ACS Landmark ceremony
Puzzle Page
Membership application - join the team !
Scenes from San Francisco
Roster of officers and committee leadership
Business Meeting Minutes
Executive Committee Meeting Minutes
Award News
AGFD technical program w/abstracts
Schedule of AGFD business/planning meetings and merrymaking
Visit our website - agfd.sites.acs.org - for a pdf of Cornucopia and much more.
Check out our Facebook page - www.facebook.com/agandfood - and ‘like’ us !
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Cornucopia - Spring 2015
AGFD
MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR
The Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (AGFD) continues to be an innovation leader in ACS. With
numerous awards and recognitions bestowed on the Division and its members at the Fall 2014 meeting in San
Francisco, AGFD continues to mold the growth and advancement of the Society. AGFD was one of only 3 divisions
selected to participate in the experimental Presentations on Demand (POD) Shorts program. These are 3-5 five minute
briefs that provide interesting introductions to various topics related to AGFD. Check them out (for members only) at:
http://presentations.acs.org/common/presentations.aspx/Fall2014/AGFD/AGFD. Further, 6 members received the
prestigious ACS National Fellows recognition: Jane Leland, Robert McGorrin, Agnes Rimando, Béla Buslig, Kevin
Hicks, and Eric Block". The first ever ACS Partners for Progress and Prosperity (P3) Award was awarded to AGFD
and International Chemical Sciences Chapter in Thailand for the international conference organized by Agnes Rimando,
Kanjana Mahattanatawee, Lauren Jackson, Peter Schieberle, and Michael Tunick. The Award for the Advancement of
Application of Agricultural and Food Chemistry was won by Thomas Hofmann who is the new Editor-in-Chief of the Journal
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The Teranishi Fellowship award went to Geoffrey Dubrow at the University of
Minnesota. The newest Divisional fellows were Eric Decker, Min-Hsiung Pan, Michael Qian, Agnes Rimando, and
Shridhar Sathe. The Young Scientist Award winner was Silvana Martini of Utah State University. AGFD Distinguished
Service Award went to Lauren Jackson and Alyson Mitchell. The 2013 World Food Prize winner, Robert Fraley, gave a
compelling seminar in acceptance of the Sterling B. Hendricks Memorial Lectureship Award. I feel so honored to be
affiliated with the prominent scientists who comprise the membership of AGFD.
Drawing leading scientists from around the world, the AGFD program in San Francisco included 15 symposia and 308
papers, comprised of 208 oral talks and 100 posters. The program was the largest cooperative effort across all divisions.
Kicking off the program was a popular symposium organized by Guy Crosby of PBS’s America’s Test Kitchen
followed by a book signing by four of the symposium’s speakers. In another premier event, student teams prepared live,
interactive presentations that conveyed critical topics in food chemistry in the style of The Food Network’s popular
food science television show “Good Eats.” The team from UC-Davis won for their demonstration of macaroons. This
type of student competition will also be held during the Boston meeting - see page 5 of this newsletter for more details.
Overall the meeting in San Francisco was another demonstration of AGFD leadership with numerous technical and
networking opportunities. Thank you to the symposia organizers, AGFD executive committee members, volunteers,
and participants for making this meeting a huge success.
The Division of AGFD has some of the most unique opportunities for engaging interactions. Charles Brine has
initiated a pioneering program to encourage international student participation with an International Student Internet
Network with founding ACS Student Chapters at the Technical University of Munich and University of Modena and
Emilia Reggio. A total of 8 Chapters (4 International & 4 “Sister” US Chapters) will be included in 2015 with the
Network aiming to utilize it to organize an AGFD International Student Symposium in 2016. Programming at national
and regional ACS meetings also offers invaluable networking opportunities. Please attend the Future Programs Planning
Meeting to be held on Monday during the noon break at the National meeting in Denver if you are interested in
assisting with organizing symposia. If you can’t attend the meeting, contact Bosoon Park at [email protected].
All members should stop by the AGFD information table outside the technical meeting to learn more about what’s
going on and how to get involved. I hope to see you at the AGFD Chair’s Reception to be held Tuesday March 24
from 6:00-8:00 PM at the Embassy Suites across from the convention center.
I would like to thank the numerous volunteers who have given me so much support and assistance. I especially would
like to thank the past chairs – Michael Qian and Lauren Jackson – for their invaluable guidance and assistance. I also
want to thank Charles Brine, Mike Tunick, Michael Appell, Steve Toth, and many others, for their volunteered
contribution in making the division successful. Thank you all for your support to the division and I look forward to a
fantastic 2015 for the Division.
Kathryn Deibler
[email protected]
Editor-in-Chief
General Manager
Staff
CORNUCOPIA EDITORIAL STAFF & CONTACT INFORMATION
C. Frey Pepsi-Cola R&D [email protected] 914-742-4832
P. White
C. Kent, L. Lane, J. Olsen
Deadline for submission of content for Fall Cornucopia: June 15.
AGFD
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FUTURE PROGRAMS
BOSTON - August 16-20, 2015
Environmental Effects on Plant Volatile Formation and Nonvolatile Composition - Agnes Rimando USDA
[email protected] Michael Qian Oregon State University [email protected]
Sample Preparation for Nutraceutical & Functional Food Analysis - Dave L. Luthria USDA
[email protected]
Chemistry, Composition and Analysis of Dietary Supplements - Kevin Goodner Synergy Flavors
[email protected] Youngmok Kim Synergy Flavors [email protected] Mathias Sucan Pfizer
[email protected]
Browned Flavors: Analysis, Formation and Physiology - Michael Granvogl Technical University of Munich
[email protected] Devin Peterson University of Minnesota dgp@umn@edu Peter Schieberle
Technical University of Munich [email protected]
Challenges in Applied Flavor Sciences - Andy Taylor [email protected] James Marshall and Lewis Jones
Mars Petcare UK
Metabolites & Metabolomics of Food Bioactives & Influence of Gut Microbiota: Chemistry & Health Effects
Shengmin Sang North Carolina State University [email protected] Fereidoon Shahidi Memorial University of
Newfoundland [email protected]
Food Toxicants Formed During Food Processing and Storage - Liangli (Lucy) Yu [email protected]
[email protected] Shuo Wang [email protected]
Young Scientist Award Symposium - Charles Brine Princeton ChitoCare, LLC [email protected]
Kenneth A. Spencer Award Symposium (AGRO co-spons.) - Eckhard Hellmuth UMKC [email protected]
Complex Coacervation: Principles and Applications (co-sponsored by COLL) - Paul Dubin UMASS
[email protected] Sarah Perry UMASS [email protected] Stephen Mann Bristol U
[email protected]
Modern Perspectives on Oxidation: Flavor Consequences in Foods and Beverages - Ryan Elias Penn State
Univ [email protected] Kawaljit Tandon Constellation Brands, Inc. [email protected]
Bioactive Compounds from Fruits and Vegetables - Coralia Osorio Universidad Nacional de Colombia
[email protected] Francisco Tomas-Barberán CEBAS- CSIC [email protected] Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
Texas A&M University [email protected]
Economically Motivated Food Adulteration: Interplay Between Detection, Policy, and Food Defense - Peter
Scholl US FDA CFSAN [email protected] Jeffery Moore USP [email protected]
Fate of the Anthocyanins in Humans: ADME and Biological Activity - Indika Edirisinghe IFSH/IIT
[email protected] Britt Burton-Freeman IFSH/IIT [email protected]
Chemistry and Bioactivities of Natural Polymethoxyflavones - Chi-Tang Ho, Rutgers U [email protected]
Shiming Li Huanggang Normal U [email protected] Min-Hsiung Pan Nat’l Tawan U [email protected]
AGFD Division Award Symposium - Kathryn Deibler [email protected]
General Papers and General Posters - Bosoon Park USDA-ARS
[email protected]
ACS National Meeting Theme: Innovation from Discovery to Application
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AGFD
SAN DIEGO - March 13-17, 2016
Nano-Biotechnology in Foods and Nutraceuticals - Fereidoon Shahidi Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
Nutritional Oils and Omega-3s - Fereidoon Shahidi Memorial University of Newfoundland [email protected]
International Student Symposium - TBD
High-Resolution Mass Spectroscopy Techniques for Identification & Quantification of Phytochemical
Metabolites - Luke Howard University of Arkansas [email protected] Youngmok Kim Synergy Flavors
[email protected] Steve Talcott Texas A&M University [email protected] Mathias Sucan Pfizer
[email protected]
Natural and Modified Carbohydrate Polymers: Effects on Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases - Wallace
Yokoyama USDA-ARS [email protected] Maciej Turowski Dow Chemical [email protected]
Graduate Student Symposium - Charles Brine Princeton ChitoCare, LLC
[email protected]
Undergraduate Symposium - Charles Brine Princeton ChitoCare, LLC [email protected]
General Papers and General Posters - Bosoon Park [email protected]
ACS National Meeting Theme: Computers in Chemistry
PHILADELPHIA - August 21 – 25, 2016
Advances in Taste Research for Sodium & Sugar Reduction - Jane Leland Kraft Foods [email protected]
Louise Slade Food Polymer Science Consultancy [email protected] Thomas Hofmann Technical University of
Munich, Germany [email protected]
Flavor Stability: Chemical Changes in Flavor Molecules, Flavor-Food Matrix Interactions, Flavor
Encapsulation - Michael Qian Oregon State University [email protected] Bob McGorrin Oregon
State University [email protected]
Chemistry Behind Health Effects of Whole Grains - Shengmin Sang North Carolina State University
[email protected] Rikard Landberg Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences [email protected]
Young Scientist Award Symposium - Charles Brine Princeton ChitoCare, LLC [email protected]
AGFD Division Award Symposium - Kathryn Deibler [email protected]
Sterling Hendricks Memorial Lectureship (co-sponsored with AGRO) - Michael H. Tunick USDA-ARS Eastern
Regional Research Center [email protected] Kim Kaplan USDA-ARS [email protected]
General Papers and General Posters - Navindra Seeram
ACS National Meeting Theme: Chemistry of the People, by the People and for the People
BEYOND 2016
Biotransformation in the Body - Alyson Mitchell University of California, Davis [email protected]
Chemistry of Nonvolatile Compounds in Beverages - Mathias Sucan Pfizer [email protected]
Emerging Trends in Nano-bioactives for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases - Bhimu Patil Texas A&M
University [email protected] G. K. Jayaprakasha Texas A&M University [email protected]
continues on the next page
AGFD
continued from the previous page –
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Chemistry of Phenolics from Fruits and Vegetables - G. K. Jayaprakasha Texas A&M University
[email protected] Bhimu Patil Texas A&M University [email protected]
Advances in Flavor Analysis - Michael Qian Oregon State University
[email protected]
The Bliss Point: Food Satiety and Food Mood Effects - blissful organizer needed
Metabolomics: Diet and Effect - organizer needed
PACIFICHEM - Dec. 15-20, 2015, Honolulu
Advances in functional food and flavor chemistry (#329) - Michael C. Qian Oregon State University
[email protected] Markus Herderich Zhen-Yu Chen Chi-kun Wang Hirotoshi Tamura Kerry
Wilkinson Alyson Mitchell Qing X. Li
Chemical Ecology Applied to Sustainable Agriculture (#105) - Coralia Osorio Roa Universidad Nacional de
Colombia [email protected] Jose Mauricio Simões Bento Tetsuo Ando Xin Chen
Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Ingredients: Chemistry and Health (#285) - Fereidoon Shahidi Memorial
University of Newfoundland [email protected] Chi-Tang Ho Ronald B. Pegg Kazuo Miyashita
Food Processing: Chemistry, Quality, Safety, Sustainability, & Value-added By-products (#400) - Michael Tunick
USDA-ARS [email protected] LinShu Liu Xiaojun Liao Hiroshi Nabetani Suk Hoo Yoon
INTERNATIONAL FLAVOR AND FRAGRANCE CONFERENCE (replaces Greece flavor meeting) Michael Qian Oregon State University [email protected] Chi-Tang Ho Rutgers University
[email protected] Fereidoon Shahidi Memorial University of Newfoundland [email protected]
Spring 2017 ACS National Meeting
Spring 2018 ACS National Meeting
San Francisco CA
New Orleans LA
Fall 2017 ACS National Meeting
Fall 2018 ACS National Meeting
Washington DC
Boston MA
Communicating Chemistry: Colonial Cuisine = C4
C4 returns for its 3rd year as a student competition at the Fall 2015 ACS Meeting!
Teams of up to 4 students can compete by submitting a 3-minute video on the chemistry of cooking colonialstyle, and three finalist teams will be selected to present to a panel of celebrity judges at the Fall 2015 ACS
National Meeting in Boston
Initial entries are due by May 20th, 2015. Entries should relate to cuisine of colonial times, interpreted
broadly, and could focus on a dish consumed during the colonial period; ingredients important to the
colonists or native populations in what would become the U.S.; or a specific chemical process of broad
importance to a range of dishes.
The final competition will take place in Boston during the 250th National Meeting of the American Chemical
Society. Student teams will prepare live, interactive presentations on their topics, modeled after a science fair.
This year’s judges include Guy Crosby, author of several books on food chemistry and Science Editor of
America’s Test Kitchen.
Find more information at - www.hws.edu/news/colonialcuisine.aspx - or contact Justin Miller [email protected]
Gavin Sacks [email protected]
Donnie Golden [email protected]
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AGFD
Rachel Lloyd, pioneering woman in chemistry, recognized with ACS Landmark ceremony
America’s first woman to receive a doctorate in chemistry, Rachel Holloway
Lloyd, was recognized as a pioneer with an ACS National Historic Chemical
Landmark designation on Oct. 1. The ceremony took place at the Univ. of
Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL), where Lloyd taught from 1887-1894. Lloyd (1839–
1900) aspired to be a professor of chemistry at a time when women were
largely excluded from both science education and careers. She enrolled at the
University of Zurich, in Switzerland, one of the few prestigious universities
that accepted female graduate candidates in her field. In 1887 at the age 48, she
became the first American woman (and the second woman in the world) to
receive a chemistry doctorate. That same year Lloyd accepted the positions of
assoc. professor of analytical chemistry at UNL and assistant chemist at the
Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. She was among the earliest
women to teach and conduct research at a coed university. Lloyd’s
research in Nebraska centered on chemical analyses of sugar beets, an
emerging U.S. crop in the late 1800s. Contributions of Lloyd and other
UNL scientists led to a commercial sugar industry in Nebraska as early as
1890. Today, the UNL Extension reports that Nebraska ranks sixth in the
nation for sugar beet production, with > $130 million in local economic
impact. In a life of constant adversities— orphan at 12, widow at 26, and
suffering health problems throughout her adult life—Lloyd achieved
distinction for teaching and research and earned admiration by colleagues
and students. “Her achievements far exceeded expectations for a woman
in the late 1800s,” said Marinda Li Wu, Ph.D. immediate past ACS
president (right, w/ UNL assoc chem. prof. & ACS Nebraska Section chair Mark A.
Griep, & ACS director, Div V, John E. Adams at the Oct. 1 Nat’l Historic Chemical
Landmark designation ceremony) “Lloyd was a pioneer who broke new ground
in our science and left a far-ranging legacy for the thousands of women,
myself included, who would earn their doctoral degrees, conduct research,
and mentor future students.” The designation ceremony included the
reading of a proclamation from Lincoln mayor Chris Beutler naming Oct.
1, 2014, as “Dr. Rachel Lloyd Day” in the city and the opening of the
university’s 1916 time capsule, (right, UNL chancellor Harvey Perlman and
Mark A. Griep) that included a portrait and biography of Rachel Lloyd and
letters from chemistry students of the era. A Rachel Lloyd Memorial
Conf. on Women in Science followed, featuring 4 chemistry professionals
with Nebraska connections (lower right —Melanie Simpson of UNL,
Juliane Strauss-Soukup of Creighton Univ., Mary Cloninger of Montana
State Univ., and MariJean Eggen of Eli Lilly and Co—plus Jeannette
Brown, a historian of African American chemists, and Wu.) The events
were sponsored by the UNL Department of Chemistry and the ACS
Nebraska Local Section. ACS established the National Historic Chemical
Landmarks program in 1992 to recognize seminal events in the history of
chemistry and to increase awareness of the contributions of chemistry to
the well-being of society. Other subjects recognized through this program
have included the development of synthetic plastics, the discovery of
penicillin, and the work of notable figures such as Rachel Carson, Joseph
Priestley and George Washington Carver. More information about Lloyd’s
life, legacy, and the dedication are available at www.acs.org/landmarks.
Photos & text courtesy Keith Lindblom/ACS
Rachel Holloway Lloyd
AGFD
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MILE HIGH DIVERSION
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a correct solution to:
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Carl Frey
by e-mail to -
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[email protected]
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A prize to the first send
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ACROSS
1 now!
5 lizard-labeled beverage
9 widest artery
14 peaks west of Denver
17 test of significance
18 yield a profit
19 Captain Hook’s shipmate
20 London’s art museum
21 a lot of salt water
23 blood matching factor
24 metal for a band
26 10 mL
28 rare earth element #58 named for an asteroid
30 trade secrets
31 Denver NHLers
36 60’s -- Art
37 The ------ and the Sea
39 Excuse the interruption
40 element occupying
1A, Group Period 3
41 elemental analysis
technique
42 --cene: 2nd epoch of
Teritiary Period
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best Monopoly corner
hockey game extension
Audi 2-seater
circle segments
Whole Lotta -----Goin’ On: Jerry Lee Lewis
53 Tag! You’re --!
54 summit 80mi. S of Denver
57 ‘What part of -- don’t you
understand?’
58 It Ain’t -- , Babe
59 Apple alternative
60 flying bicycler of film
61 Stuart Little writer White
62 ---tourism or ---logy
65 horse-rider
communication tool
68 ‘I can not tell ----.’
72 60’s/70’s muscle car
75 your parent’s sisters
77 Colorado hockey player
80 rarin’ to go
81 it makes blood ‘blood-red’
82 ---- the Lonely: R.Orbison
DOWN
1 appear on stage
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Denver’s river
----line or ----Seltzer
rhyming wordsmith
U--, U--, U-- !
4-Down creation
one constrictor
fumbles
Florida auto must have
approves
volanic cone edge
wearable souvenir
enzyme suffix
Canadian whiskey base
Hydrogen’s atomic number
pain accompanier
any river in Mexico
metal for wrapping lunch
studio begun by M.Pickford
moon exploration craft
some of 14 Across are part
of the ----------- Divide
air/water quality overseers
it starts right after midnight
Santana’s Oye Como -horserace win margin, maybe
persistent pest or old horse
35 selected
38 Moscow affirmative
43 sugar suffix
45 Gunfight at the -- Corral
46 Tiny --- Cratchit
47 program for a cellphone
48 --- a Roni
50 fat chance!
51 -- 47
52 little bump
55 photocell element
56 -- 109
63 Bad Moon on the Rise band
64 that hurts!
65 cheer for the team
66 Parisian currency
67 part of the group
68 Gator--69 meadow
70 gerund suffix
71 day before a festival
meadow
73 postage --- or past --74 cash source
76 piggy place
74 RN workplace
79 at. no. 52 metalloid
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AGFD
AGFD DIVISION MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
The Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division (AGFD) of the American Chemical Society (ACS) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the technical advancement of all aspects of agricultural and food chemistry.
AGFD encourages technical advancement in the field by - organizing symposia/workshops on agricultural/food chemistry at ACS national meetings and other venues
- publishing proceedings of AGFD symposia
- publishing the Cornucopia newsletter
- hosting social and networking gatherings at ACS national meetings
- providing cash awards and recognition to leading undergraduate and graduate students, young scientists and
established scientists in the field of agricultural and food chemistry
Join the 3000 members of the AGFD division. At ACS National Meetings you can meet and discuss division
activities at the AGFD Information table located near the AGFD technical session rooms. Use the
membership application form (below) or join on-line at www.acs.org (click on Technical Divisions and then
select Join a Division) or by mail American Chemical Society; Member and Subscriber Services; PO Box
182426; Columbus, Ohio 43218-2426 or call ACS at (800)333-9511 in US. Payment by Visa/Master Card or
American Express is an option.
APPLICATION FOR AGFD DIVISION MEMBERSHIP (7623P)
title
name
st
1 address line
2nd address line
city
state
Zip code
country
e-mail address
phone
check one
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Be cool
JOIN
AGFD
MEMBERSHIP FEE
I am an ACS member and wish to join AGFD ($10.00)
I am not an ACS member and wish to join AGFD ($15.00)
I am a full time student and wish to join AGFD ($10.00)
Return application, with payment (payable to American Chemical Society),
to AGFD Membership Chair:
Dr. Lucy Yu
University of Maryland
Department of Nutrition & Food Science,
3303 Marie Mount Hall
College Park MD 20742
AGFD
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Scenes from San Francisco
Left to right from top – Kathryn Deibler & Michael Qian, Jane Leland, Bob McGorrin & Agnes Rimando, Jim Seiber,
Fereidoon Shahidi, Chi-Tang Ho, Coralia Osorio Roa & Devin Peterson, Terry Acree, & Alyson Mitchell, Steve Toth &
Thomas Hofmann.
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AGFD
AGFD OFFICERS & COMMITTEE LEADERSHIP
Chair - Serves 1 year. Presides over
Division meetings & appoints committees
Kathryn Deibler
Givaudan Flavors Corp.
1199 Edison Dr, Cincinnati OH 45216
513-482-2537 [email protected]
Chair-Elect - Serves 1 year. Substitutes for
the chair as needed
Bosoon Park
USDA-ARS 950 College Station Rd.
Athens GA 30605
706-546-3396, [email protected]
Vice-Chair - Serves 1 year. Assists Chairelect. Develops future technical programs.
Navindra Seeram
University of Rhode Island
7 Greenhouse Road Kingston, RI 02881
401-874-9367, [email protected]
Secretary - Responsible for Division
correspondence and meeting minutes.
Michael Tunick
USDA-ARS
Eastern Regional Research Center
600 E. Mermaid La.
Wyndmoor PA 19038
215-233-6454
[email protected]
Treasurer - Responsible for Division
finances.
Stephen Toth
International Flavors & Fragrances R&D
1515 Hwy. 36 Union Beach NJ 07735
732-335-2772
[email protected]
Cornucopia Editor - Edits newsletter.
Carl Frey
Pepsi-Cola R&D 100 E. Stevens Ave.
Valhalla NY 10595
914-742-4832
[email protected]
Councilors - Represent Division for 3
years on ACS council.
Michael Appell (thru ’16)
[email protected]
John Finley (thru ‘17)
[email protected]
Michael Morello (thru ‘17)
[email protected]
Agnes Rimando (thru ‘15)
[email protected]
Alternate Councilors - Substitute for
Councilors that can not attend Council
meetings. Serves 3 years.
Charles Brine (thru ‘15)
[email protected]
Keith Cadwallader (thru ’17)
[email protected]
Alyson Mitchell (thru ’16)
[email protected]
Fereidoon Shahidi (thru ‘16)
[email protected]
At-Large Executive Committee
Members - Assist in management of
Division. Serves 3 years.
Terry Acree (thru ‘15) [email protected]
Jane Leland (thru ‘17)
[email protected]
Robert McGorrin (thru ‘17)
[email protected]
Mathias Sucan (thru ‘15)
[email protected]
Awards Committee - Solicits
nominations, oversees awards process.
Chair Steve Nagy
[email protected]
Student Awards Chi-Tang Ho
[email protected]
Fellow Awards Fereidoon Shahidi
[email protected]
Canvassing Stephen Toth
[email protected]; Artemio Tulio, Jr.
[email protected]
Finance - Monitors the Division’s
finances for 1 year. Filled by Immediate
Past Chair
Michael Qian
[email protected]
Hospitality - Organizes receptions and
banquets.
Charles Brine [email protected]
Membership - Recruits and retains
Division members.
Lucy Yu [email protected]
Nominations - Develops officer slate
Served by Immediate Past Chair.
Michael Qian
[email protected]
Public Relations - Publicizes Division.
Charles Brine - [email protected]
Web Master - Maintains web site.
Michael Appell
[email protected]
Sub-divisions Develop symposia.
Flavor
Chair Valeria Acquarone
[email protected]
Chair-Elect Kawaljit Tandon
[email protected]
Vice-Chair Ryan Elias [email protected]
Secretary Julie Anne Grover,
[email protected]
Functional Foods & Natural
Products
Chair Youngmok Kim
[email protected]
Chair-Elect Steve Talcott
[email protected]
Vice-Chair Mathias Sucan
[email protected]
Secretary Kwang-Geun Lee,
[email protected]
Biotechnology
Chair Sam R. Nugen
[email protected]
Chair-elect Joey N. Talbert
[email protected]
Vice-chair Rashmi Tiwari
[email protected]
Secretary Nitin Nitin
[email protected]
Nutrition
Chair Britt Burton-Freeman
[email protected]
Chair-elect Anne Kurilich
[email protected]
Vice-Chair Indika Edirisinghe
[email protected]
Secretary Luke Howard
[email protected]
Food Safety
Chair Lauren Jackson,
[email protected]
Chair-elect Lucy Yu, [email protected]
Vice Chair Bosoon Park,
[email protected]
Secretary Alyson Mitchell,
[email protected]
AGFD
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AGFD Business Meeting Minutes
Tuesday, August 11, 2014
Takes place at each Fall National Meeting and is open to all AGFD members
Attendees: Michael Appell, Bishambar Dayal, Kathryn Deibler, John Finley, Luke Howard, Michael Lea, Jane
Leland, Russell Molyneax, Mike Morello, Bosoon Park, Michael Qian, John Seiber, Fereidoon Shahidi, Matthias Sucan,
Stephen Toth
AGFD Chair Michael Qian called the meeting to order at 12:06 p.m. He summarized the discussions from the
Executive Committee Meeting. He announced that the minutes from the previous Executive Committee meeting was
approved.
Michael Qian summarized the Treasurers report. Finances are doing well. Ask Stephen Toth if there are any questions.
This conference had the largest Cornucopia ever.
Programs: The AGFD program in Denver will have 9, maybe 10, symposia. A budget of $30,000 was approved
unanimously for the Denver program. 11-12 symposia are planned for San Diego and 12 symposia for Boston.
Awards: AGFD received the first ACS Partners for Progress and Prosperity (P3) Award - for the AGFD and
International Chemical Sciences Chapter in Thailand organized by Agnes Rimando, Kanjana Mahattanatawee, Lauren
Jackson, Peter Schieberle, and Michael Tunick. The names of the winners of AGFD awards was reviewed.
Councilor’s reports were given at the Executive Committee meeting by Michael Appell, Michael Morello, and John
Finley. The Division should suggest themes related to AGFD for future programs from San Diego onward.
Mike Morello stated that membership will be re-evaluated this year for councilor assignment, so make sure
memberships are current and maximized by the end of the year. AGFD membership has been stable.
Nominations: Michael Qian presented the slate of officers for the Division for 2015:
Kathryn Deibler, Chair
Bosoon Park, Chair-Elect
Navindra Seeram, Vice-Chair
Michael Tunick, Secretary
Stephen Toth, Treasurer
There were no nominations from the floor. The slate passed unanimously.
JAFC has a 75% rejection rate with an impact factor of 3.1. Jim Seiber was congratulated for his contribution to the
journal.
There was a communication committee meeting on Sunday, August 10. $1000 for Go-to-Meeting type tools for
biweekly conference calls was approved by the Executive Committee.
A new subdivision, Food Safety, had been proposed by Lauren Jackson.
Strategic planning meeting is tentatively scheduled for Boston with an emphasis on having an action plan. A budget
of $6,000 was approved. Lauren Jackson was thanked for submitting an IPG to support the strategic planning.
Mike Morello suggested that we include symposium planning for local and regional sections in future program
planning meeting at the national meetings. Jane Leland and Mike Morello will make an effort to promote AGFD at
Chicago local section. It was suggested that AGFD establish a local/regional out reach position to coordinate and
monitor related activities.
Awards committee will be updating policies for competitions so someone can only be a finalist once. There was a
discussion about whether someone would be allowed to compete an additional time without funding. The Awards
committee will discuss updating and defining the rules and regulations for the awards and competitions.
12
AGFD
New Business: Deadlines for Innovative Projects Grants (IPG) is February 1 and the Division can submit up to 2
applications. Kathryn Deibler should seek those who might be interested in applying. Mike Appell suggested one on
communications and Jane Leland, Mike Morello and Matthias Sucan suggested proposing one related to engaging local
section collaboration.
Fereidoon Shahidi stated that there will be one more “Greece meeting” which will be the final Greece meeting and then
it will be totally dissolved. An unaffiliated flavor international conference focused on flavor may subsequently be
established.
Meeting adjourned at 12:56 p.m.
Executive Committee Meeting Minutes
Sunday, August 10, 2014
Takes place at each ACS National Meeting
Attendees: Michael Appell, Charles Brine, Randall Cameron, Neil DaCosta, Kathryn Deibler, John Finley,
Kevin Goodner, Chi-Tang Ho, Luke Howard, Qingrong Huang, Lauren Jackson, Jane Leland, Robert McGorrin,
Alyson Mitchell, Michael Morello, Cynthia Mussinan, Sam Nugen (on phone), Bosoon Park, Michael Qian, Agnes
Rimando, Fereidoon Shahidi, Mathias Sucan, Kawaljit Tandon, Stephen Toth, Michael Tunick
AGFD Chair Michael Qian called the meeting to order at 5:08 p.m. He noted that Sam Nugen was listening to
the meeting by conference call.
The minutes of the previous meeting were approved with no changes. Michael Tunick thanked Kathryn
Deibler for compiling them in his absence.
Stephen Toth gave the Treasurer’s Report. AGFD received $35,000 in donations in 2014, with more coming.
The total assets for the division are $672,600. In Dallas, AGFD paid ACS memberships for students in the award
symposia who were not ACS members. There followed a discussion of whether this practice should be continued. The
Awards Committee will take up this issue and add a requirement that all finalists be a member of the ACS and AGFD.
The total cost to the Division for the Dallas meeting was $18,600. Investments are doing well. The budget for 2015 is
expected to be about the same as that for 2014, around $87,000-90,000.
Kathryn Deibler reported that the San Francisco Program has 15 AGFD symposia and 308 papers, comprised
of 208 oral talks and 100 posters. Seven symposia were cosponsored. General papers were grouped into general topics.
Nine nontechnical events were scheduled, including committee meetings, two book signings, the undergraduate
competition, the Hendricks Award reception, and the banquet.
ACS selected us for the most Presentations on Demand of any division, with 11. We are also recording 5minute online presentations called “pod shorts.” AGFD, ORG, and POLY are the only divisions selected by ACS to
do this so far.
Nine symposia have been scheduled for the Denver meeting, and Sam Nugen added that one from the new
Biotechnology Subdivision (which he chairs) will be added. Kathryn requested that we have our symposia in the
Colorado Convention Center as opposed to a hotel. An overall budget of $30,000 for the Denver meeting was passed.
Bosoon Park reported that Boston (August 2015) had 10-12 symposia scheduled, but only five are slated for San Diego
(March 2016) so far.
Mike Appell, John Finley, and Michael Morello gave the Councilor’s Report. Voting is due for a proposal to combine
the Philadelphia and Ocean local sections, an International Chemical Sciences chapter for South Africa, several
committee spots, and professional employment guidelines. Mike Qian read a report from Agnes Rimando (who arrived
later), which said that AGFD was given ACS’ first-ever Partners for Progress and Prosperity Award for co- organizing
and cosponsoring the symposium with the Thailand international chapter.
Mike Morello gave the themes for the upcoming National Meetings: Denver, Chemistry of Natural Resources;
AGFD
13
Boston, Innovation from Discovery to Application; San Diego, Computers in Chemistry; Philadelphia (Fall 2016),
Chemistry of the People, by the People and for the People; San Francisco (Spring 2017), Advanced Materials,
Technologies, Systems and Processes; Washington, DC (Fall 2017), Chemistry’s Impact on the Global Economy. The
last two are tentative.
Also discussed was identifying two or three people to create a message that describes the division and its
benefits, translating it and the web site into other languages, and restricting content such as Presentations on Demand
(which goes off the ACS web site after 18 months) to AGFD members. Mike Morello will investigate the cost for
acquiring the archived Presentations on Demand
In Awards, Chi-Tang Ho reported that the Award for the Advancement of Application of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry has been won by Thomas Hofmann and that the Teranishi Fellowship award went to Geoffrey A.
Dubrow, University of Minnesota. Fereidoon Shahidi reported that the newest AGFD Fellows are Eric Decker, MinHsiung Pan, Michael C. Qian, Agnes M. Rimando, and Shridhar K. Sathe. Charles Brine reported that the
Undergraduate Student Award was won by Christopher A. Tollett, Arkansas State University, with second place going
to Matthew Amicucci, University of California, Davis. He also reported that the Graduate Student Award went to Kim
K. Hixson, Washington State University, and the Young Scientist Award winner would be announced at the banquet (it
was Silvana Martini, Brigham Young University). Mike Qian reported that Lauren S. Jackson and Alyson Y. Mitchell
won Distinguished Service Awards and that Jane V. Leland, Robert McGorrin, and Agnes M. Rimando were among the
recipients of ACS Fellow Awards.
Mike Qian, reporting for Cornucopia editor Carl Frey, said that the publication was posted eight weeks before
the meeting. It was our largest issue ever, at 96 pages. Carl thanked Kathryn Deibler for her assistance.
In Hospitality/Public Relations, Charlie Brine organized the banquet for this meeting at a nearby restaurant,
with a limit of 100 people.
Membership Chair Lucy Yu said that AGFD had 2913 members. Seventeen of them will receive 25-year pins.
Lauren Jackson gave the Nominations report. The slate of officers consists of Kathryn Deibler, Chair,
Bosoon Park, Chair-Elect, and Navindra Seeram, Vice-Chair, with Michael Tunick as Secretary and Stephen Toth as
Treasurer. The slate was approved.
John Finley gave the Journal report. James Seiber is stepping down after 15 years as Editor-in-Chief. The
rejection rate is holding steady. They are looking for more perspectives, review articles, publication of symposia, and
short items for the new Letters section.
Mike Appell gave a report about the Communications Committee, which met earlier in the day. He
proposed having small committees for different areas of communication. Neil DaCosta volunteered to lead the
LinkedIn effort. Students with expertise in other areas of communication would be welcome. Conference calls every
couple of weeks could get these ideas moving forward. Charlie Brine moved to have a $1000 budget for this, and it
passed. Alyson Mitchell, who runs the AGFD Listserv, said that items should be sent to her, leaving enough time to
check for accuracy. She will try to get updates on AGFD membership since the Listserv has more recipients than
members.
Kawaljit Tandon, Vice-Chair of the Flavor Subdivision, gave a report after a conference call with Chair Sanjay
Gummalla and Chair-Elect Valeria Acquarone. Several symposium topics were proposed, and he and Secretary Ryan
Elias will hold symposia in Boston and San Diego. They will have another call in two weeks, and Kathryn Deibler
suggested opening it to all Flavor Subdivision members. Luke Howard, Chair of the Functional Foods & Natural
Products Subdivision, reported that he had email exchanges with Chair-Elect Youngmok Kim and Secretary Kevin
Goodner. They also have a symposium slated for Boston with several others being considered. Luke is also Secretary
of the new Nutrition Subdivision and spoke for Chair Britt Burton-Freeman. The other officers are in place and they
have a symposium scheduled for Denver with another coming. Lauren Jackson proposed a Food Safety Subdivision
and will write a proposal with Lucy Yu. This will be completed quickly so it can be listed on the next ACS dues
statement. Kathryn suggested using the ACS Network for voting on new subdivisions and other issues.
14
AGFD
Lauren Jackson pointed out that our last Strategic Planning session was eight years ago and would like the
next one to be in Boston on the Friday after the meeting ends. Mike Morello said that the only expenses will be one
extra hotel night, food, and a facilitator. With no more than 10 participants, the cost should be roughly $6000. Lauren
has submitted an Innovative Project Grant to ACS for this effort. Cynthia Mussinan pointed out that these sessions are
effective only if volunteers follow through. A motion to tentatively approve a Strategic Planning Meeting in Boston
was passed.
In New Business, Mike Qian distributed a summary of AGFD members by local section and region, and
listed the number of members attending each recent regional meeting. Mike Morello asked if we can provide value to
members who cannot attend national meetings. It was suggested that we become more active in local sections with
high AGFD membership, which would then help us get involved in their regional meetings. John Finley asked if we
could try to identify local members who are setting up symposia related to agricultural and food chemistry in those
meetings.
Charlie Brine brought up the fact that people are permitted by the current rules to submit abstracts for the
various student competitions even if they competed previously. The rules will be changed so that finalists can compete
only once.
Neil DaCosta said that the new Meeting Abstracts Programming System (MAPS) will be accessed through the
ACS Network and that staff will be assigned to help. Kathryn Deibler noted that this not the actual process that ACS
have been employing
Mike Appell reported that Chemical Abstracts Service is looking for people with interesting patents as subjects
for articles.
Kathryn Deibler said that ribbons for badges are available for Executive Committee members and symposium
organizers and that the latter receive packets of information, attendance sheets, etc. She obtained and distributed
attendance records for the last few national meetings and concluded that meeting location was more important to
AGFD members than whether the meeting was in spring or fall.
A special meeting during the Sunday noon break during the National Meeting in Denver will focus on
membership benefits (like the communication committee met during this meeting).
Mike Qian reported that we have submitted two Innovative Project Grants, one by Lauren Jackson for strategic
planning and the other by Charlie Brine for an international network of student chapters. Mike also said that the
Northeast Section is looking for nominations for the Esselen Award for Chemistry in the Public Interest.
The meeting adjourned at 7:22 p.m.
Submitted by Michael Tunick, AGFD Secretary
AWARD NEWS
ACS Partners for Progress and Prosperity (P3) Award
ACS AGFD and the International Chemical Sciences Chapter in Thailand was awarded the ACS Partners for Progress
and Prosperity (P3) Award for the first joint ACS AGFD-ACS ICSCT Agricultural and Food Chemistry Symposium
organized byAgnes Rimando,Kanjana Mahattanatawee, Lauren Jackson, Peter Schieberle, and Michael Tunick.
IUPAC Best Research Poster
A poster by C. Tan, K. K. Schrader, I. A. Khan, and A. M. Rimando on Synthesis of Flavone Analogs and Activity Against the
Fish Bacterial Species Flavobacterium columnare was selected from more that 800 other research posters as the 13th IUPAC
Best Research Poster .
ACS-DAC Fall Innovative Project Grants
Congratulations to Charles Brine and Lauren Jackson who were awarded Fall Innovative Project Grants from ACSDAC. Charles’s proposal,“Recruitment, Enhancement and Retention of International Young Chemists”, was awarded
$5,000, and Lauren’s proposal, “Creation of a 5-Year AGFD Strategic Plan”, was awarded $2,000.
c
ontinues on the next page
AGFD
15
more AWARD NEWS
Robert T. Fraley, Executive Vice President and Chief
Technology Officer of Monsanto, is the 2014 recipient of
the Sterling Hendricks Memorial Lectureship,
administered by the USDA’s Agricultural Research
Service and co-sponsored by AGFD and AGRO. Dr.
Fraley is a pioneer in the area of plant biotechnology,
whose seminal work was the basis for crops that now
cover about 90% or the transgenic crop area worldwide.
Worldwide, millions of farmers of both large and small
farms benefitted from his research that led to the first
widely adopted transgenic crops. These crops have
resulted billions of dollars saved, as well more
environmentally benign pest management. He has been
recognized by many organizations for this pioneering
work, winning the 1995 Kenneth A. Spencer Award and
being named co-recipient of the 2013 World Food Prize.
In the photo he has Michael Tunick on his right and Phil
Heilman on his left, both of the USDA’s Agricultural
Research Service.
2014 Young Scientist Award
At the ACS Meeting in San Francisco in August. Assoc. Prof. Silvana Martini, Dept.
of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University won the 2014
AGFD Young Scientist Award based on her presentation of her research on the use
of high intensity ultrasound to change physical properties of lipids. Charles Brine
bestowed the award (photo right) which consists of a $1000 honorarium, an
engraved plaque and a $1500 travel stipend to attend the Fall ACS National Meeting
to participate in the Award Symposium.
The next Young Scientist Award Symposium takes place at the Fall 2015 ACS
National Meeting in Boston. The application (deadline = March 2) for the Young
Scientist Award Symposium is found on the AGFD website:
http://agfd.sites.acs.org/Young%20Scientist%20Award%202015%20V5.pdf
2014 AGFD Distinguished Service Awards
Dr. Lauren Jackson, USFDA/IFSH and Prof. Alyson Mitchell, Univ. of California-Davis were chosen as the 2014
AGFD Distinguished Service Awardees. The engraved plaque awards were presented at the National ACS Meeting in
San Francisco in August.
Congratulations to AGFD members who are now new ACS Fellows!
Jane V. Leland, Kraft Foods Group
Robert J. McGorrin, Oregon State University
Agnes M. Rimando, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Béla S. Buslig, Florida Department of Citrus (Retired)
Kevin Hicks, U.S. Department of Agriculture (Emeritus)
Eric Block, SUNY at Albany
16
AGFD
Schedule of AGFD Technical Sessions
SUNDAY MORNING March 22 Section B Colorado Convention Center Room 112
Undergraduate Symposium Cosponsored by CHED
C. J. Brine, Organizer, Presiding
8:30 Introductory Remarks.
8:35 1. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the assessment of total antioxidant capacity
in fruits. S. Bukovsky-Reyes, J.E. Owens
9:05 2. Metabolite fingerprinting of Punica granatum L. by HPLC with UV/DAD and ESI-MSn detection. S.F.
Groothuis, F.P. Prencipe, S. Benvenuti, F. Pellati
9:35 3. Production of stilbenoids in hairy root cultures of muscadine grape: Effect of methyl jasmonate and
cyclodextrin. T. Knapp, L. Nopo-Olazabal, F. Medina-Bolivar
10:05 Intermission.
10:20 4. Evaluation, optimization, and utilization of SOP 218.7 for the determination of Cr VI in drinking water. J.
Bautista, J. Weigand, M. Hart, G.D. Claycomb
10:50 6. Determining volatile acidity in wines through acetic acid gas detection tubes. M. Bee, G.L. Sacks, P. Howe
11:20 7. Alkylresorcinols: Purification from wheat bran and quantification in wholegrain wheat breads. N. Stone, Y.
Zhu, P. Wang, S. Sang
SUNDAY AFTERNOON Section A Colorado Convention Center Room 113
Vitamin D: Past, Present & Future for Animals & Humans Kenneth A. Spencer Award
M. Appell, B. Burton-Freeman, E. Hellmuth, L. Howard, Organizers, Presiding
1:05 8. Progress and future investigations in understanding the role of vitamin D in canine and feline health and
disease. D. Thamm, K.A. Selting
1:30 9. Vitamin D and immunity: Advancing human and animal health through vitamin D research in cattle. C.
Nelson
1:55 10. Toward a physiological referent for the vitamin D requirement. R.P. Heaney
2:20 Discussion.
2:30 Intermission.
2:45 11. Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of cancer. B.W. Hollis
3:10 12. LC-MS/MS offers new insights into vitamin D metabolism in humans and knockout animal models. G.
Jones
3:35 13. Tribute to Ronald L. Horst. D.C. Beitz
4:00 Panel Discussion.
Section B Colorado Convention Center Room 112
Graduate Student Symposium Cosponsored by CHED
C. J. Brine, Organizer, Presiding
1:05 14. Detection and quantification of melamine in dairy products using molecularly-imprinted polymers-surface
enhanced Raman spectroscopic biosensors. Y. Hu, X. Lu
1:35 15. Novel method for debittering table olives. R. Johnson, A.E. Mitchell
2:05 16. Of terroir and tannins: The role of pathogenesis-related proteins in red wine astringency. L.F. Springer,
G.L. Sacks
2:35 Intermission.
2:50 17. Acute oral toxicity and nephrotoxicity mechanism(s) of selected fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD. M. Liu, G.
Huang, J. Liu, B. Gao, L.L. Yu
3:20 18. Influence of gingerols and their metabolites on the human immune system. C.E. Schoenknecht, P.H.
Schieberle
3:50 19. Inexpensive, portable paper-fluidic device for use in food safety and agricultural applications. C.K. Koo,
S.R. Nugen
co-sponsored by AGFD: Nanotechnology: Delivering on the Promise Research & Development
Sponsored by PRES, Cosponsored by AGFD, AGRO, ANYL, CARB, CCPA, CCS, CHAS, COLL, COMSCI, CORP,
ENFL, HIST, I&EC, IAC, MPPG, PMSE, POLY, SCHB and SOCED
MONDAY MORNING March 23 Section A Colorado Convention Center Room 113
Medicinal & Aromatic Crops: Production, Phytochemistry, & Utilization Cosponsored by AGRO and MEDI
C. L. Cantrell, V. Jeliazkov, Organizers, Presiding
8:35 20. Production of essential oils for the personal care industry: Quality and regulatory issues. B. Schmidt
9:00 21. Green extraction of natural products: From innovations to industrial applications. F. Chemat
9:25 22. Dual utilization of medicinal and aromatic crops: For plant chemicals and biofuels. V. Jeliazkov
(Zheljazkov), C.L. Cantrell, N. Stewart, B. Joyce, E. Jeliazkova
9:50 23. Selected aspects of environmental protection in the processing of coal - monitoring and revitalization in
relation to the isolation, identification and utilization of isolated organic compounds. I. Salamon, J. Sandor, J. Mitra
10:15 Intermission.
10:30 24. Breeding of German chamomile, Matricaria recutita L., with the high content of /-/- α- bisabolol. I.
Salamon, S. Mudroncekova, J. Fejer
10:55 25. Biosynthesis of amphetamine-like alkaloids in Catha edulis and Ephedra spp., two distantly related taxa.
E. Lewinsohn, J. Hagel, R. Krizevski, E. Bar, R.A. Groves, A. Levy, K. Kilpatrick, Y. Zhang, N. Dudai, C.W. Sensen,
S. Ben Shabat, S. Yaron, M. Frederic, P.J. Facchini
11:20 26. Saline water management strategy on growth and tuber yield of Helianthus tuberosus (L.) cv. Stampede.
J.F. Ferreira, N. Dias, X. Liu, D. Suarez
Agricultural & Food Chemistry General Papers Health and Nutrition in Food Chemistry
K. D. Deibler, Organizer, Presiding
8:00 27. Innovative tactic toward rapid isolation of unique bioactive sphingoids from dietary natural resources. S. B.,
K. Monde
8:20 28. Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) and its qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oil
in Albania. I. Salamon, A. Ibraliu, S. Mudroncekova, J. Fejer
8:40 29. Treatment with soluble phenolic antioxidants significantly improves antioxidant capacity of insoluble wheat
bran. E. Doğan, V. Gökmen
9:00 Intermission.
9:15 30. Study of the synergy between soluble and dietary fiber bound antioxidants. E.E. Çelik, V. Gökmen, L.
Skibsted
9:35 31. Carotenoid content and composition in winter squash, (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and (Cucurbita moschata
Duch.): Variability associated with different cultigens, harvest dates, and storage times. J. Noseworthy
9:55 32. Effect of xanthan/enzymatically modified guar gum mixtures on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. P.
Chityala, H. Khouryieh, K. Williams
10:15 Intermission.
10:30 33. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) resistant starch and novel processing methods to increase resistant starch
concentration. S.A. James, T. Pushparaj, D. Thavarajah, S. Premakumara, K. Abeysekara, S. Sotheeswaran
10:50 34. Fractionation and characterization of glabrous canary seed components for food and non-food
applications. E.M. Abdelaal, P. Hucl, C. Patterson
11:10 35. Induced resistance in ash (Fraxinus spp.) against emerald ash borer: A proteomic investigation. S.
Chakraborty, S. Opiyo, A. Hill, D. Cipollini, D.A. Herms, P. Bonello
co-sponsored by AGFD: Nanotechnology: Delivering on the Promise Opportunities & Challenges for Health,
Safety & the Environment Sponsored by PRES, Cosponsored by AGFD, AGRO, ANYL, CARB, CCPA, CCS,
CHAS, COLL, COMSCI, CORP, ENFL, HIST, I&EC, IAC, MPPG, PMSE, POLY, SCHB and SOCED
MONDAY AFTERNOON Section A Colorado Convention Center Room 113
Medicinal & Aromatic Crops: Production, Phytochemistry, & Utilization Cosponsored by AGRO and MEDI
C. L. Cantrell, V. Jeliazkov, Organizers, Presiding
1:05 36. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of crude extract preparations from the medicinal plant
Vexibia alopecuroides (L.) Jakovl. T. Kustova, T. Karpenyuk, M. Jacob, C.L. Cantrell, S. Ross
1:30 37. β-Triketones from Leptospermum scoparium as natural herbicides Inhibiting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
dioxygenase. F. Dayan, D. Owens, D. Nanayakkara
1:55 38. Cilantro essential oil and its major constituents as a source of new drugs against Leishmaniasis. M.A.
Donega, S. . Mello, R.M. Moraes, S.K. Jain, B.L. Tekwani, C.L. Cantrell
2:20 39. Essential oils in prevention and treatment of human opportunistic fungal diseases. T. Markovic, V.
Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov)
2:45 Intermission.
3:00 40. Effects of plant-derived bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, immune
response, and productivity of ruminant animals. A.N. Hristov, J. Oh
3:25 41. Hairy roots and human health: Production and discovery of bioactive compounds. F. Medina-Bolivar, T.
Yang, L. Fang, K. Mockaitis, N. Joshee
3:50 42. Bioactive constituents isolated from essential oils from plants in Asteraceae and Apiaceae families. K.M.
Meepagala
4:15 43. Recent research and development of Antrodia cinnamomea: An endemic medicinal mushroom of Taiwan.
S. K J, S. Wang
4:40 Concluding Remarks.
Agricultural & Food Chemistry General Papers
K. D. Deibler, Organizer, Presiding
1:00 44. Bacteriophage-based scheme to enable rapid MALDI-TOF screening of samples for bacterial
contaminants. S.D. Alcaine, L. Tilton, Z. Wang, S.R. Nugen
1:20 45. Quantification of plant sterols and plant stanols in phytosterol-enriched foods and dietary supplements.
C.T. Srigley, E. Haile
1:40 46. Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils on foodborne
pathogens. R. Tardugno, F. Pellati, A. Serio, A. Paparella, S. Benvenuti
2:00 Intermission.
2:15 47. Determination of quantitative sodium mass transfer coefficient during osmotic processing of potatoes. A.
Kinchla, T. Hinkley
2:35 48. Feline bitter receptors TAS2R38 and TAS2R43 have response profiles distinct from the human
homologues. J. Rucker, M. Sandau, J. Goodman, A. Thomas, N. Rawson
2:55 49. Physics and chemistry of brewing better coffee. C.H. Hendon, L. Colonna-Dashwood, M. ColonnaDashwood
3:15 Intermission.
3:30 50. Estimation of procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis/trans flavanol ratios of condensed tannin fractions by 1H13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy: Correlation with thiolysis. W. Zeller, A. Ramsay, H. Ropiak, C. Fryganas, I. MuellerHarvey, R.H. Brown, C. Drake, J.H. Grabber
3:50 51. Impact by condensed tannins with different mean degrees of polymerization on protein precipitation. W.
Zeller, M.L. Sullivan, I. Mueller-Harvey, J.H. Grabber, A. Ramsay, C. Drake, R.H. Brown
4:10 52. Determination of amygdalin in apple seeds, fresh apples, and processed apple juices. I. Bolarinwa
4:30 5. Determination of HDL-bound and albumin-bound polyphenols in an ex vivo plasma model. W. Butler, J.A.
Vinson
co-sponsored by AGFD: Nanotechnology: Delivering on the Promise Bridging the Gap to a Thriving US
Marketplace Sponsored by PRES, Cosponsored by AGFD, AGRO, ANYL, CARB, CCPA, CCS, CHAS, COLL,
COMSCI, CORP, ENFL, HIST, I&EC, IAC, MPPG, PMSE, POLY, SCHB and SOCED
MONDAY EVENING 8:00 - 10:00pm Section A Colorado Convention Center
Sci-Mix
K. D. Deibler, Organizer
74, 77-78, 80, 84, 92-97, 100, 103, 115, 118-121, 124-125. See subsequent listings.
Halls C/D
TUESDAY MORNING March 24 Section A Colorado Convention Center Room 113
Agricultural & Food Chemistry General Papers Agriculture and the Environment
K. D. Deibler, Organizer B. Park, Presiding
8:00 53. Highly sensitive colorimetric sensors for fumigants. G. Sun
8:20 54. Evaluation of biochar in three soil types for nutrient and water retention toward increased crop yield. B.J.
Winters
8:40 55. Positive role of lignin in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Y. Huang, M. Tu
9:00 Intermission.
9:15 56. Green technologies for the generation of value added cotton. S. Chang, B. Condon, J. Smith
9:35 57. Structure-property consideration in the development of biobased lubricants. G. Biresaw, G. Bantchev, R.E.
Harry-O'kuru, R.E. Murray
9:55 58. Phytotoxic and mosquito larvicidal constituents from Ammi visnaga seeds. K.M. Meepagala, J.J. Becnel
10:15 59. Mustard meal extract as a natural herbicide for liverwort control. I.E. Popova, J.S. Dubie, M.J. Morra
10:35 Intermission.
10:50 60. Phage amplification-based paper-fluidic device for the detection of generic E. coli. S.D. Alcaine, S.R.
Nugen
11:10 61. Is tomato worth an electron? Bioelectrochemical treatment of waste residues from tomato processing
industry. V. Gadhamshetty, A. Fogg
11:30 62. Herbicide metabolism database. J. Yao, W. Xu, M. Lin, J. Hu, Q. Tang
Phenolic & Polyphenolic Chemistry in Food Processing Reactions/Properties Cospon AGRO, BIOT,
COMP, MEDI
B. D. Guthrie, Organizer, Presiding
9:35 63. Understanding physical-chemical, biological (antioxidant) and optical properties of natural polyphenols at
an atomistic-scale. P. Trouillas, M. Otyepka
9:55 64. Beyond ORAC: Dietary polyphenolics as metal-binding antioxidants and food preservatives. N.R. Perron,
H.C. Wang, J.L. Brumaghim
10:15 Intermission.
10:30 66. Carbonyl-scavenging ability of phenolic compounds: A second barrier defense against the damage
caused by lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. R. Zamora, F.J. Hidalgo
10:50 65. Antiglycation activity of tannic acid in ovalbumin-glucose model system. H. Akillioglu, V. Gökmen
11:10 67. Phenolic acids: Precursors for desirable aroma-active compounds and the undesirable toxicologically
relevant styrene in wheat beer. M. Granvogl, D. Langos, P.H. Schieberle
co-sponsored by AGFD: Ask Dr. Safety: EH&S Support of Nanotechnology R&D
AGFD, CCS, PRES
Spons. CHAS, Cospons
TUESDAY AFTERNOON Section A Colorado Convention Center Room 113
Applied Nanotechnology for Food & Agriculture Cosponsored by PRES
M. Appell, B. Park, Organizers, Presiding
1:05 68. Effect of nano size reduction on absorption and bioavailability of calcium from fortified milk powder in rats.
H. Mirhosseini, A. Erfanian, M. Abd Manap, B. Rasti, S. Bin Mustafae
1:35 69. Green synthesis and electrospray atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectral studies of
hydrazinocurcumin: A potentially important derivative for intestinal absorption studies at the nanolevel. B. Dayal, A.
Mehta, D. Kulkarni, A. Pandey, S. Li, M.A. Lea
2:05 70. Enhanced lymphatic transport of nutraceuticals by food grade lipid based nanoparticles. M. Yao, D.J.
McClements, H. Xiao
2:35 Intermission.
2:50 71. Nanocompositions for enhancing shelf life and quality of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. G. Paliyath, P.
Padmanabhan, S. Mihindukulasurya, J. G.J., I. El Sharkawy, S. Jayasankar, L. Lim, A. Sullivan, S. K.S., G. R, K.
Gill
3:20 72. Investigation of materials for the removal of arsenic from foodstuffs. T. Reed, A.W. Apblett
3:50 73. Bionanosensor adjusting the farming cultural practices in emergent nations. J. Reyes, N.D. Becerra-Mora,
Y. Moreno, C.L. Macias, N.A. Mariño, A. Kohli, P. Kohli
Section A 3:30 - 5:30pm Colorado Convention Center Hall C
Agricultural & Food Chemistry General Posters
K. D. Deibler, Organizer
74. Thermal stability of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins: A comparative study. Y. Wu, T. Fu
75. Grain quality traits in a sorghum association mapping panel. S. Bean, T. Herald, J.D. Wilson, P. Gadgil, R.C.
Kaufman, B.P. Ioerger
76. Factors related to reduced in-vitro protein digestibility in a diverse sorghum population. S.L. Adrianos, D.L.
Blackwell, S. Bean, B.P. Ioerger, M. Tilley, T. Herald, P. Gadgil
77. Smell of the entrance to the heaven: Volatiles from the coffee berry blossom end and their potential applications
in pest managements of coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Y. Yu, E. Jang, M.
Siderhurst
78. Influence of plant maturity on anthocyanin levels, phenolic composition, and antioxidant properties of purple
basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). K.R. McCance, E.D. Niemeyer
79. Determination of the antioxidant properties of flavanones and flavanone glucuronide metabolites. K.A. Costello,
E.D. Niemeyer
80. Computational analysis of ethylene inhibitors: Methods for predicting fruit ripening antagonist behavior. J. Gold
81. Chiral and achiral profiling of a pesticide formulation using ultraperformance convergence chromatography
(UPC2) with PDA and mass detection. M. Twohig, M. O'Leary, P.G. Alden
82. Effectiveness of flocculants on inorganic and metallic species removal during aerobic digestion of wastewater
from poultry processing plant. N. Lovanh, J.H. Loughrin, K. Cook, K. Sistani, P. Silva
83. Novel structural modifications of plant oils. A. Biswas, H. Cheng
84. QSAR and density functional approaches to evaluate trichothecene toxicity and detection. M. Appell, W.B.
Bosma
85. Cross species amplification of thirteen distinct microsatellite loci in Z. aquatica. B.J. Pinto
86. Influence of biological fertilization on seed production of winter wheat. D. Trifan, M. Bularda
87. Sorption of organic dyes by straw biochar and its effective factor. X. Ji, L. Lyu, C. Yang
88. Detoxification with enzymes for tung meal. R. Liu
89. Distribution and enantiomeric profiles of organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from Bering Sea,
Chukchi Sea, and Arctic Ocean. M. Jin, B. Xue, S. Zhou
90. Enhanced anti-ultraviolet and thermal stability of a pesticide by modification of a volatile organic compound
(VOC)-free vinyl-silsesquioxane in severe environments. D. Lin, X. Han, L. Hu
91. Antilipidemic actions of the dietary fiber extract of soybean residues in Kunming mice. D. Lin, Z. Tu
92. Advanced glycation endproducts may affect digestion and antigen processing of food allergens. C.P. Mattison,
J. Dinter, M. Berberich, S. Chung, S. Reed, S. Le Gall, C.C. Grimm
93. Behavior of whey protein concentrates under extreme storage conditions. M.H. Tunick
94. Alternative hop processing. C. Knuston, B.E. Sturgeon
95. Mechanism behind the antibacterial properties of hop acid investigated with model cell membranes. Y. Park, A.
Sostarecz
96. Determination of the presence of flavor- and aroma-affecting compounds in beer resulting from various yeast
washing techniques. D. Kazal, W.H. Steel
97. Improving lag time in second-generation washed beer yeast. W.H. Steel
98. Changes of volatile compounds in Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundiforlia) during ripening. B. Lee, F. Chen
99. Vapor-infusion of wine flavor volatiles in specialty dark chocolate and analysis via GC-M. S. Richards, S.
Bremer, K.L. Nuckles, C.R. Thurman, P.J. Iles, L.D. Giddings, M. Alvarez, N.R. Bastian
100. Volatile-organic component sensitive colorimetric chemosensor: Application for determination of apple quality.
Y. Kim, S. Jin, G. Kim, J. Park
101. Withdrawn.
102. Effect of fat concentration and fermentation on thermal proprieties of milk bases. Z. Bao, J. Xiong, J. Ye
103. Production of lactic acid from cheese whey in controlled pH batch fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum
DSA 20174. A.A. Ayad, D. Gad El-Rab , S. Ibrahim
104. Mineral and trace element analysis of berry liquors from Northern Europe. N.J. Ronkainen, N.S. Olson, S.
Mustaly
105. Roasting effects on phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activities of pulp pre-conditioned and
fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans. E. Afoakwa, E. Ofosu-Ansah, J. Takrama, A.S. Budu
106. Synthesis and characterization of cationic starches and their application in preparation of fertilizer
nanoparticles through four-Inlet vortex mixer. Y. Shi, S. Zhang, X. Jia, K. Chen, X. Guo
107. Multiplex real-time PCR detection and identification of food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica, Escherichia
coli and Shigella flexneri. K.C. Sweetin, K.M. Elkins
108. Multiplex real-time PCR detection and differentiation of food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus and related
Bacillus species. J.D. Roussillon, K.M. Elkins
109. Determination of heavy metals in tomatoes sauces. M. Reyna Liriano, R. Tremont
110. Mold population on freshly-harvested rice and factors affecting prevalence. S. Thote, G. Atungulu, H. Zhong
111. Fatty acid analysis of tilapia. E.M. Crosier, M.J. Yurkevicius, A.L. Rhyne, N.E. Breen
112. Comparison of the fatty acid profiles of wild caught and farm raised salmon. M.J. Yurkevicius, E.M. Crosier,
D.L. Taylor, N.E. Breen, A.L. Rhyne
113. Antioxidant effect of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and detection and pro-oxidative activity of ferrylhemoglobin in washed cod muscle. N. Tatiyaborworntham, M.P. Richards
114. Effect of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 on trout hemoglobin-promoted lipid oxidation and heme
partitioning in washed cod muscle. N. Tatiyaborworntham, M.P. Richards
115. Isolation and characterization of chitin from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus with possible application in
biomedical and pharmaceutical application. B. Calderon
116. Methyglyoxal scavenging activity of deacetylasperulosidic acid. S. Deng, B. West, J. Jensen, C. Su
117. Dietary sources of iridoids inhibit advanced glycation end product formation. B. West, A. Bogdanov, S. Deng,
C. Su, C. Jensen, Z. Zaynudinov
118. Exploration of curcumin, UV-Vis absorption, and degradation kinetics. H. Goemann, T. Roettgen, J.D. Alia
119. Role of polyphenols of Artemisia nova and Artemisia wyomingensis in sage grouse dietary preferences. A.H.
Nguyen, J.S. Forbey, G.G. Frye, J.W. Connelly, C.Y. Dadabay
120. Antioxidant protection in human blood plasma of varying triglyceride content utilizing a ferric reduction assay.
R. Chandra, C. Chidi, K. Huerta-Ruiz-Garza
121. Adding value to bioethanol production: Quantification and recovery of Lutein and zeaxanthin from DDGS. J. Li
122. Antioxidant activity assay based on rapid colorimetric measurement of gold nanoparticles. J. Chou, X. Li, Y.
Yin, N. Indrisek , J. Merono
123. Chemical constituents and biological evaluation of leaves' essential oils of Vitex agnus-castus L. growing in
the southern-west of Algeria. K. Sekkoum
124. Block ionomer complexes formed by carboxymethyl-dextran-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer and αlactalbumin. J. Du, O.G. Jones
125. Antioxidant activities of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (black
chokeberry) pomace. J. Wenzel, T. Dixon, E. Tucker, L. Wang, M. Ammerman, C. Samaniego
126. Digestibility, viscosity, and microstructural properties of waxy and non-waxy rice starches resulting from
microwave heat-moisture treatment. A. Anderson
127. Beauvericin as virulence factor of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (BALS.) used on bark
beetles attacking spruces. S. Mudroncekova, I. Salamon, M. Barta
128. Lyophilization technology for isolation of anthocyanins from fruits of the high bush blueberry (Vaccinium
corymbosum L.). I. Salamon, R. Mariychuk, S. Mudroncekova, D. Grulova
129. Distribution of residues in various muscles of cattle following intramuscular administration of hormones. S.
Sklenka, P.S. Chu, J. Ward, A. Chiesa, T. Johnson
130. Comparison of kinetic profile of two total antioxidant capacity assays. C. Krzykwa, S.P. Canete
131. Identification of toxic metal ions in water using a gold nanoparticle based colorimetric sensor array. G. Sener,
L. Uzun, A. Denizli
132. Effect of different proportions of ethanol on the crystalline structure of bacterial celluloses. J.Xiong, Z.Wang,
J.Ye
133. Teaching laboratory for food analysis: Titration and HPLC characterization of kombucha fermentation. N.
Lawton, W. Hall, S. Tachibana
134. Polyphenol antioxidants in savory snacks: Are any there? J. Goodman, J.A. Vinson
135. Isoflavone metabolism leading by the human intestinal bacteria. M. Kim, J. Han
136. Analysis of aroma compounds in whiskey by DLLME-GC/MS. J.E. Owens, L.B. Zimmerman, M.A. Gardner, L.
Lowe, D.A. Orban, C.N. Goolsby
137. Biosoprtion of various mushrooms. W. Ryan, C. Fowler, K. Yuan, D.J. Schauer
138. Active site analysis of lepidopteran Farnesyl diphosphate synthase: Implications in omologous juvenile
hormone biosynthesis. S.E. sen, T. Horsfield, A. Jones
139. Mercury analysis of tuna using a low-cost cold vapor spectroscopy apparatus. J. Hernandez
140. Analysis of lipid transfer proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana by means of epitope tags to decipher the role of
LTP4's lipid in plant senescence. J. Bautista
141. Efforts toward the development of a titrimetric method for measuring biosorption capacity. S. Ardon, H. Duke,
B. Stewart, T. Robertson, D.J. Schauer
142. Photoswitchable imidacloprid derivatives: Controlling insecticidal activity with light. S. Xusheng
143. Antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of color-fleshed potatoes. D. Kalita, B. Shieh, H. Ali, D.V.
LaBarbera, D.G. Holm, J.M. Petrash, S.S. Jayanty
Phenolic & Polyphenolic Chemistry in Food Processing Sources Cospons AGRO, BIOT, COMP, MEDI
B. D. Guthrie, Organizer, Presiding
1:05 144. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from hazelnut shells. B. Yuan, M.A. Hanna
1:25 145. Effects of pod storage and fermentation duration on total polyphenols, o-diphenols, and anthocyanin
concentrations in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans. E. Afoakwa, J.E. Kongor, J. Takrama, A.S. Budu, H. MensahBrown
1:45 146. Effect of solvent composition on grafting gallic acid onto chitosan via carbodiimides. P.Guo, J.D.
Anderson, J.J. Bozell, S. Zivanovic
2:25 148. Analysis of grape seed tannins by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and ORBITRAP ESI-MS). E. Salas,
N. Teixeira, S. Maia, J. oliveira, N. Mateus, V. De Freitas
WEDNESDAY MORNING
March 25
Section A
Colorado Convention Center
Room 113
Applied Nanotechnology for Food & Agriculture Cosponsored by PRES
M. Appell, B. Park, Organizers, Presiding
8:35 149. Potentiometric PVC membrane sensors and their analytical applications in pharmaceuticals analysis:
One example potentiometric PVC membrane sensors determination of moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical dose form.
G.A. Mostafa
9:05 150. Development of phage-conjugated magnetic nanoprobes for bacterial separation. S.R. Nugen, J. Chen
9:35 Intermission.
9:50 151. Label-free detection of Salmonella typhimurium with ssDNA aptamers. B. Park, B. Wang, Z. Lou, B. Xu,
Y. Kwon
10:20 152. Integration of nanostructured dielectrophoretic device and surface-enhanced Raman probe for highly
sensitive rapid bacteria detection. F. Madiyar, S. Bhana, L. Swisher, X. Huang, C.T. Culbertson, J. Li
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Section A Colorado Convention Center Room 113
Agricultural & Food Chemistry General Papers
K. D. Deibler, Organizer B. Park, Presiding
1:00 153. Accurate experimental design for the characterization and quantitation of Antrodia cinnamomea
triterpenoids with RSM, qNMR, and HPLC-tandem MS: A tough case to crack. T. Wu, Y. Du, M. El-Shazly, M. Lu,
Y. Hsu, K. Lai, C. Chiu, F. Chang, Y. Wu
1:20 154. Anti-inflammatory constituents of Cordyceps militaris. C. Chiu, T. Wu, C. Lee, Y. Du, M. El-Shazly, Y.
Chan, C. Tang, F. Chang, Y. Wu
1:40 155. Isolation and structural characterization of five constituents from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. by multistep
process. M. Zhu, J. Wen, Y. Dong, Y. Su, Q. Wei, R. Sun
2:00 Intermission.
2:10 156. Improved the emulsion stability of phosvitin from hen egg yolk against different pH by the covalent
attachment with dextran. H. Chen
2:30 157. Protein level determination in foods: A comparison of analytical methods. M.C. Azih
2:50 Intermission.
3:00 158. Influence of branched limit dextrin on wheat starch gels retrogradation. J. Xu, X. Fan, X. Xu
3:20 159. Modified fermentation method of producing virgin coconut oil. N.D. Flores, J. Cuya
Water Our Most Critical Resource Cosponsored by MPPG
J. Finley, Organizer S. Ahuja, J. N. Seiber, Organizers, Presiding
1:05 160. Water is indeed a crucial resource. S. Ahuja
1:35 161. Water and wine. J.N. Seiber, V. Tianco, J. Real
2:05 162. Foundations of water quality monitoring and assessment in the United States. D.N. Myers
2:35 Intermission.
2:45 163. Chemical characterization of brackish groundwater resources of the United States. P. McMahon, J.
Böhlke, K. Dahm, J. Stanton, D. Parkhurst
3:15 164. Water challenges in unconventional in situ energy resource extraction technologies. T.J. Gallegos, C.
Bern, J.E. Birdwell, S.S. Haines, M. Engle
3:45 165. Energy and water nexus in urban environments. T. Younos
4:05 Intermission.
4:15 166. Effect of upflow velocity on nutrient recovery from swine wastewater by fluidized bed struvite
crystallization. R.M. Abarca, R.S. Pusta, R.B. Labad, J.A. Andit, C.M. Rejas, M.G. de Luna, M. Lu
4:35 167. Contaminated irrigation water and the associated human health risks. T. Tongesayi
THURSDAY MORNING March 26 Section B Colorado Convention Center Room 112
Water Our Most Critical Resource Cosponsored by MPPG
S. Ahuja, Organizer J. Finley, J. N. Seiber, Organizers, Presiding
8:00 168. Optimizing water resources: An Israeli approach. H.L. Taft
8:30 169. Impacts of EPA’s Clean Power Plan on electricity generation and water use in Texas. P. Faeth
9:00 Intermission.
9:10 170. Desalination for expanding water supplies. J.H. Lienhard
9:40 171. Improving water use estimates for the United States. N.L. Barber
10:10 172. Water security in a warming world. D. Michel
10:40 Intermission.
10:50 173. Decreasing the severity of chemical pretreatment processes of switchgrass through storage. D. Carrier,
M. Wilkins, M. Buser, N. Frederick
11:20 174. Coupling surface water remediation to sustainable energy: Toward off-grid production of algae for
biofuels. J.B. Miller
11:50 175. Water for food production: Will we have enough? J.W. Finley
12:20 176. Sustaining groundwater resources for global food security. T. Harter
AGFD Abstracts - 249th ACS Nat’l Meeting, Denver
AGFD 1 Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the assessment of total antioxidant capacity in fruits Santiago
Bukovsky-Reyes2, [email protected], Janel E. Owens1. (1) Chemistry, Univ. of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Univ. of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Previous studies have used gold nanoparticle formation as a means to assess the
antioxidant capacity of fruit extracts. However, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in developing an antioxidant assay has not been
explored. This research presents a microwave-assisted synthesis of AgNPs guided by the principles of green chemistry to assess antioxidant
capacity of fruits. Synthesis of AgNPs has been achieved by reducing Ag+ ions from ultrapure AgNO3 using standards solutions of
chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeic acid (CA), and starch. Analysis of AgNPs by UV-visible spectroscopy displayed a direct correlation to
CGA, CA, and starch concentration (R2 = 0.9966, 0.9791, 0.9607 respectively). A previously developed microwave-assisted extraction
(MAE) procedure for chlorogenic acid has been applied to fruits to generate extracts for antioxidant assay by this method. This work has the
potential for development of a rapid, sustainable method for surveying the antioxidant capacity of fruits.
AGFD 2 Metabolite fingerprinting of Punica granatum L. by HPLC with UV/DAD and ESI- MSn detection Sebastiaan F.
Groothuis1,2, [email protected], Francesco P. Prencipe1, Stefania Benvenuti1, Federica Pellati1. (1) Dept. of Life Sciences, Univ. of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy (2) Inst. of Life Science and Technology, Hanze Univ. of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands The
increasing interest in Punica granatum L. fruit as a health promoting agent is justified by its efficacy in the prevention and treatment of a wide
range of human diseases. In the light of this, this study was aimed at the complete metabolite fingerprinting of biologically active
pomegranate polyphenols. The analyses were carried out by RP-HPLC-UV/DAD and ESI-MSn, using an Ascentis Express C18 column (150
mm x 3.0 mm, I.D. 2.7 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of 2% formic acid in water and 0.5% formic acid in methanol-water (9:1, v/v)
under gradient elution, allowing the first study of all pomegranate constituents in a single chromatographic run. Several extraction methods
were tested in order to optimize the yield of the secondary metabolites. The method was validated using ICH guidelines and has been
demonstrated to be a reliable tool in the fingerprinting of polyphenolic compounds in different pomegranate cultivars.
AGFD 3 Production of stilbenoids in hairy root cultures of muscadine grape: Effect of methyl jasmonate and cyclodextrin Tyler
Knapp2, [email protected], Luis Nopo-Olazabal2,1, Fabricio Medina- Bolivar1,2. (1) Biological Sciences, Arkansas State Univ.,
State Univ. Arkansas Biosciences Inst., Arkansas State Univ., State Univ., Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) has been shown to be a high
producer of stilbenoids. These compounds are important because of their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and potential
beneficial effects in human health. In order to study the regulatory mechanisms that control the biosynthesis and accumulation of these
compounds, hairy root cultures of muscadine grape of cultivars Fry and Noble were established. These cultures were treated with the elicitor
methyl jasmonate (MeJA) alone or in combination with cyclodextrin (CD) for different periods and then the stilbenoids were extracted from
the culture medium and root tissue and analyzed by HPLC. Cultures co-treated with MeJA and CD showed several fold higher levels of
resveratrol and piceatannol in the medium than those treated with MeJA alone. We showed that MeJA and CD had a synergistic effect on the
production of selected stilbenoids.
AGFD 4 Evaluation, optimization, and utilization of SOP 218.7 for the determination of Cr VI in drinking water Judith Bautista1,
[email protected], Jimmie Weigand1, Megan Hart2, Gregory D. Claycomb1. (1) Dept. of Chemistry, Park Univ., Parkville, Missouri,
UMKC, Kansas City, Missouri, As a result of health effects associated with Cr VI, different protection agencies established standard
operating procedures (SOP’s) to determine its concentration in different mediums. The present work evaluated and optimized the most
current SOP, 218.7, established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine Cr VI concentrations in drinking water. We
studied the effect of a metal vs. a non-metal system on the capability to detect Cr VI; the metal instrument did not detect the chromate anion.
Consequently, we coupled a Thermo Fisher HPLC with a metal free Dionex instrument and achieved quantification of the analyte down to
250 parts per trillion. Drinking water samples around the Kansas City- Missouri areas were then analyzed for Cr VI content levels and
determined to be below the federal MCL of 100ppb. We are moving forward and have begun a collaborative research project with the Univ.
of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) analyzing Cr VI remediation.
AGFD 5 Determination of HDL-bound and albumin-bound polyphenols in an ex vivo plasma model William Butler,
[email protected], Joe A. Vinson. Chemisry, Univ. of Scranton, Dalton, PA Polyphenols (PP) are major antioxidants present in
plant-derived food and hypothesized to be beneficial in reducing oxidative stress as well as the prevention of many cardiovascular and
neurodegenerative diseases. PP after consumption and absorption are transported in the blood for metabolism by the liver and kidneys and
also circulated to cells in all the organs where they can exert their health protective benefits. There are several proteins in the blood that can
act as transporters such as albumin (the major protein) and lipoproteins. Our group has pioneered a simple and efficient affinity column
method to separate PP present in plasma into two fractions; HDL + albumin, and LDL + VLDL. We have shown in competition experiments
with albumin that polyphenols are primarily bound to LDL + VLDL and are protective antioxidants for these lipoproteins. This work
concerns the first fraction and we used a commercial albumin-selective affinity column chromatography (coomasie blue) to selectively isolate
the the HDL- bound PP from the albumin-bound PP. We used pig plasma as a surrogate for human plasma. We are currently investigating
after spiking polyphenols at µM levels in pig plasma whether albumin or HDL binds more of the polyphenols
AGFD 6 Determining volatile acidity in wines through acetic acid gas detection tubes Madeleine Bee1, [email protected], Gavin L.
Sacks2, Patricia Howe2. (1) American Univ., DC , Washington, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, New York, Acetic acid makes up 95% of the steam
distillable, short-chain organic acids in wines known as volatile acidity, an indicator of microbial spoilage. Colorimetric gas detection tubes
originally developed for the mining industry have successfully been adapted to measurement of SO2 and H2S in wines, and a modified
method was developed for acetic acid measurement in this work. A preconditioned plastic syringe is used to contain the sample and
headspace, to which a Luer two-way valve is attached and closed until equilibrium is reached. The gas detection tube is attached to the valve
and the headspace gas expelled through the tube to take the measurement. This method has yielded promising results for model wine
solutions thus far, and if sensitivity can be improved, it could replace the traditional Cash still method.
AGFD 7 Alkylresorcinols: Purification from wheat bran and quantification in wholegrain wheat breads Nicholas Stone,
[email protected] , Yingdong Zhu, Pei Wang, Shengmin Sang. Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technol, North Carolina AT State
Univ., Kannapolis, 5-N-alkylresorcinols (ARs) are only present in high amounts in wheat and rye, in which the length of the saturated alkyl
tail varies between 15 and 27 carbons. They are generally not found in refined flour or in refined products from cereals. Therefore, ARs have
been widely used as the biomarkers for the intake of WG wheat and rye. A recent human study found that high concentrations of plasma ARs
were associated with a lower incidence of distal colon cancer and furthermore with overall colon cancer for the Scandinavian participants. In
addition, we have reported that ARs are the major active components in wheat bran against the growth of human colon cancer cells.
Therefore, it is critical to further investigate the colon cancer preventive effects of ARs. However, ARs are not commercial available.
Therefore, it is urgent need to develop purification method to isolate individual ARs from wheat bran to support further in vitro and in vivo
efficacy studies of ARs against colon cancer. In this study, we developed a useful method to purify five major ARs (AR C17, C19, C21, C23,
and C25) from wheat bran extract using different column chromatography techniques including normal phase and reverse phase silica gel
columns, as well as preparative HPLC. In addition, we also developed an HPLC method to quantify these five major ARs in different
wholegrain wheat breads to support our human study on the metabolism of ARs in human.
AGFD 8 Progress and future investigations in understanding the role of vitamin D in canine and feline health and disease Doug
Thamm1, [email protected], Kim A. Selting2. (1) Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, Studies have found correlations between insufficient levels of vitamin D and increased
risk of developing non-skeletal pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases (including hypertension), cancer, and chronic inflammatory
diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Vitamin D receptors are expressed in many tissues throughout the body, through which
vitamin D is believed to directly or indirectly regulate more than 2000 genes. Emerging research has shown that many tissues will locally
convert 25(OH)D to the active form 1,25(OH)2D without influence from serum calcium. This also may explain why various storage forms of
vitamin D do not necessarily correlate with circulating concentrations of active vitamin D. However, serum concentrations of 25(OH)D have
been evaluated in both humans and dogs and have correlated with risk of various disease states. The optimal vitamin D concentration for
immunologic and other cell microenvironment factors may be different than that required to prevent rickets. In dogs, low 25(OH)D and
1,25(OH)2D have been correlated with canine lymphoma, cutaneous mast cell tumors, hyperparathyroidism, renal disease, inflammatory
bowel disease, and heart disease. In human - and more recently veterinary – medicine, vitamin D “sufficiency” has been defined by
examining the inverse relationship between intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and vitamin D. The latter is considered sufficient when both
iPTH concentration and biological variation plateau with increasing 25(OH)D. In dogs this has been determined to be 100-125 mg/dL. Future
investigations should focus on routine therapeutic monitoring of vitamin D concentrations in patients with chronic disease, and the potential
benefit of supplementing to the point of sufficiency.
AGFD 9 Vitamin D and immunity: Advancing human and animal health through vitamin D research in cattle Corwin Nelson,
[email protected]. Dept of Animal Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Animal and human health has greatly benefited from past
research in cattle that sought to identify the requirements and physiology of vitamin D for maintenance of calcium. In the same way, animal
and human health stand to benefit from current and future research in cattle that aims to understand the role of vitamin D in the immune
system. Experimental models of viral and bacterial infection in cattle have demonstrated in vivo activation of intracrine and paracrine vitamin
D signaling pathways in infected tissues. In cattle, much like in humans activation of the intracrine vitamin D pathway in macrophages
triggers a potent repertoire of host-defense mechanisms, which has been demonstrated through inhibiting mastitis in dairy cattle. Still, a
vitamin D requirement for immune function remains in question for cattle and humans. Epidemiological evidence suggests a hypothesis that
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations below 30 ng/mL are insufficient for immunity. Testing that hypothesis with reliable and valid
models of infection and vitamin D status in cattle can provide experimental determination of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
in cattle and humans that support optimal immune function.
AGFD 10 Toward a physiological referent for the vitamin D requirement Robert P. Heaney, [email protected]. Creighton
Univ., Omaha, Nebraska, Vitamin D, like the other micronutrients, functions in cells at a molecular biologic level of organization. It would
seem to make sense to base their daily intake requirement on what it takes to optimize that function rather than on some disease they may or
may not prevent. This is partly because health is more the absence of disease. And, accordingly, the intake necessary to ensure health is
higher than the intake needed to prevent disease. Of several physiologic outcomes that might be selected, three seem particularly pertinent: 1)
the ancestral intake to which the species was adapted by natural selection; 2) the intake that minimizes the organism’s need to compensate;
and 3) the intake that is needed to support a critical physiological function, such as lactation. With all three the required serum concentration
of 25(OH)D has been shown to be between 110 and 150 nmol/L, a status that requires an all-source input on the order of 6,000 IU/day.
AGFD 11 Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of cancer Bruce W. Hollis, [email protected]. Medical Univ. of South Carolina,
Charleston, Vitamin D is metabolized, activated and acts through the vitamin D receptor expressed in a variety of human tissues, including
cancer tissue of various origin. Basic research has revealed that vitamin D has anti-cancer potentials including pro-differentiation, antiproliferation, and anti-inflammatory, to name a few. Epidemiological studies have revealed that low circulating 25(OH)D levels are a risk
factor for a variety of human cancers. However, clinical results have been lacking. I will present here our recent clinical trials into human
prostate cancer and how supplementing vitamin D3 can have profound influence on disease progression as well as its ability to modify
molecular and biochemical pathways.
AGFD 12 LC-MS/MS offers new insights into vitamin D metabolism in humans and knockout animal models Glenville Jones,
[email protected]. Dept. Biomedical & Molecular Sci., Queen’s Univ., Kingston, Ontario, Canada The complexity of vitamin D
metabolism with its many vitamin D metabolites and cytochrome P450-mediated steps has fascinated scientists and clinicians for the past
four decades. The emergence of liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with its ever-improving sensitivity, has
enabled its use for detection, identification and quantitation of vitamin D metabolites in human and animal tissues. Not only does this new
approach permit accurate assay of the main circulating form 25-OH- D3, but also the simultaneous assay of dihydroxyvitamin D metabolites:
1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3. We have used this new metabolic profiling approach to study genetic defects of vitamin D metabolism
in humans and to understand the metabolic consequences of targeted gene ablation in the mouse. Knockout of CYP2R1 & CYP27A1(25hydroxylases), CYP27B1(1-hydroxylase), CYP24A1(24-hydroxylase) and VDR (vitamin D receptor) genes all have profound effects on the
vitamin D metabolic profile. The LC-MS/MS assay of 24,25-(OH)2D3 is a reliable screening test to detect loss-of-function mutations of
CYP24A1 which lead to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, which often results in renal stones in children and adults. The talk will provide
an overview of the LC-MS/MS technology, show examples from various clinical diseases and animal models and allow us to reevaluate
current knowledge of vitamin D metabolism.
AGFD 13 Tribute to Ronald L. Horst Donald C. Beitz, [email protected]. Iowa State Univ., Ames, I have had the privilege of
collaborating with Ron Horst on a variety of research projects with the overall goal of improving the productivity of food-producing animals.
Our collaboration began with studies to decrease the incidence and severity of parturient paresis (milk fever) in dairy cows. Because of the
role of vitamin D in regulation of blood calcium concentrations, our collaborations extended to studies of production of metabolites of
vitamin D in animals. More recently, we studied the dietary use of vitamin D and its metabolites in improving the tenderness of beef.
Through these research collaborations, we served as co-major professor for eight graduate students. In summary, Ron Horst had a very
productive career at the National Animal Disease Center of the USDA where he became internationally recognized as a leading authority on
vitamin D for food-producing animals.
AGFD 14 Detection and quantification of melamine in dairy products using molecularly- imprinted polymers-surface enhanced
Raman spectroscopic biosensors Yaxi Hu1, [email protected], Xiaonan Lu2. (1) Food Science, Univ. or British Columbia,
Vancouver, , Canada Food Science, The Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Melamine in whole milk was determined using a
novel molecularly imprinted polymers- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (MIPs-SERS) biosensor. MIPs were synthesized by bulk
polymerization of melamine (template), methacrylic acid (functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linking agent) and
2,2’- azobisisobutyronitrile (initiator). Static and kinetic adsorption tests validated the use of MIPs to efficiently separate and concentrate
melamine from whole milk. Silver dendrite nanostructure served as SERS-active substrate for signal collection. Principal component analysis
and hierarchical cluster analysis segregated Raman signatures of milk samples with different melamine concentrations, establishing the limit
of detection of 0.005 mmol L-1. Regression models showed a good linear relationship (R2= 0.98) between the height of melamine SERS
band (at 703 cm-1) and melamine concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 mmol L-1, confirming the feasibility to accurately quantify
melamine in whole milk. Simple sample pretreatment reduced the total analysis time to determine melamine in whole milk to < 20 min.
AGFD 15 Novel method for debittering table olives Rebecca Johnson1, [email protected], Alyson E. Mitchell2. (1) Food Science,
UC Davis, California, Food Science Technology, UC Davis, California, A new rapid UHPLC-ESI-QQQ/MS method has been developed for
the simultaneous analysis of fifteen phenolic compounds linked to olive bitterness; hydroxytyrosol 4-O- glucoside, hydroxytyrosol, oleoside
methyl ester, oleuropein, oleuropein aglycon, ligstroside, tyrosol, methoxytyrosol, ligstral, decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycon,
decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycon, elenolic acid, elenolic acid methyl ester and oleocanthal in order to monitor the progress of olives
undergoing a novel debittering process. Manzanillo olives harvested green on September 2014 underwent processing in the presence of
FPX66, a macroreticular polymeric resin suspended in an 1.0% acetic acid brine. Rate of phenolic loss due to resin was quantified by
evaluating phenolic content in olives and brine, and recovering adsorbed polyphenols from resin. Resin-assisted debittering shows a marked
decrease in polyphenol levels in both olives and brine compared to olives without resins. Results indicate resins have the potential to aid in
the removal of bitter polyphenols from whole olives.
AGFD 16 Of terroir and tannins: The role of pathogenesis-related proteins in red wine astringency Lindsay F. Springer1,
[email protected], Gavin L. Sacks2. (1) Food Science and Technology, Cornell Univ. , Dundee, New York, Food Science and Technology,
Cornell Univ. , Ithaca, New York, Polymeric flavan-3-ols, or condensed tannins (CT), impart important organoleptic qualities, such as
astringency, to premium red wines, ciders, and a wide array of food products. Despite their importance to food and beverage quality, the
relationship between the CT quantities in produce and final food products remains poorly understood. In the case of red wines, predicting CT
extraction from grape tissues is especially challenging due to CT binding to grape-derived materials throughout the course of vinification. We
have recently identified several grape-derived pathogenesis- related proteins by SDS-PAGE and NanoLC-MS/MS that are stable in red wines
and have the ability to bind and remove added CT. These proteins are important to grapevine disease resistance and expression is induced via
certain disease pressures. The relative quantities of these proteins as measured by multiple reaction monitoring, their relationships to red wine
quality and grape breeding, and their potential impact on wine terroir will be discussed.
AGFD 17 Acute oral toxicity and nephrotoxicity mechanism(s) of selected fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD Man Liu1,
[email protected], Guoren Huang1, Jie Liu1, Boyan Gao2, Liangli L. Yu2. (1) Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., China (2) Univ. of
Maryland, College Park, Seven fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD (3-MCPDEs) were synthetized and characterized for their purity and structures
by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, infrared, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses. Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPDEs was determined in Swiss
mice. The LD50 values were 2676.81, 2973.8, 2081.4, 2033.1, 5000, > 5000, and > 5000 mg/kg body weight for palmitic, stearic, oleic,
linoleic, 1-linoleic-2-palmitic, 1- palmitic-2-linoleic and di-palmitic acid esters, respectively, with major histopathological changes in kidney
and testes. In addition, the mechanism(s) behind 3-MCPDE’s kidney toxicity was investigated using 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in SpragueDawley rats. Analysis of Gene Ontology categories and KEGG pathways of the microarray data revealed that 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate
might regulate miRNAs targeting multiple genes involved in the MAPK (JNK and ERK), p53 and apoptotic signal transduction pathways.
Additional study using p53 knockout C57/BL/6J mice suggested that 3- MCPD 1-monopalmitate induced tubular cells apoptosis by upregulation of p53 and phosphorylated JNK or ERK.
AGFD 18 Influence of gingerols and their metabolites on the human immune system Carola E. Schoenknecht,
[email protected], Peter H. Schieberle. Technical Univ of Munich, Freising, Germany As part of a healthy and balanced diet,
the active principles from plants attracting increasing interest to many costumers. In order to clarify the physiological relevance of these
substances the bioavailability has to be determined taking the metabolism into account. Furthermore, the bioactivity of the compounds which
are investigated needs to be determined. Finally, in order to reveal the mode of action, cellular target molecules have to be identified. In the
present study this approach was applied to gingerols, main pungent components of ginger. Plasma concentrations of gingerols and gingerol
glucuornides in humans have been determined after ginger tea intake using a new developed LC-MS/MS method on the basis of a stable
isotope dilution assay. Applying these concentrations to activated T lymphocytes, gingerols and their metabolites were able to improve the
adaptive immune response in humans by enhancing cytokine secretion, although these effects are mediated by different target molecules.
AGFD 19 Inexpensive, portable paper-fluidic device for use in food safety and agricultural applications Charmaine K. Koo1,
[email protected], Sam R. Nugen2. (1) Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Chenoweth Laboratory, Univ. of
Massachusetts, Amherst, There is a crucial need for development of rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and portable testing methods to detect
foodborne pathogens, contaminants and allergens in the food industry and agriculture sector. Conventional detection methods are deemed
labor- intensive, time-consuming and costly, and require complex instrumentation and tools. This presentation focuses on the development of
paper-fluidic devices, microTAS, that can provide for rapid and simple detection. The development involves fabrication of conductive
hydrophobic electrodes/valves to effectively modulate the fluid flow rate during an assay. The electrodes/valves are patterned on paper
materials (e.g., nitrocellulose membrane) by inkjet printing and spraying conductive polymer materials (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate).
Active (require actuation) and passive control valves are fabricated using optimized materials and have potential for intricate applications.
The printed valves with effective fluid flow control mechanism can be incorporated in nucleic acid lateral flow assays and electrochemical
system for detection of foodborne pathogens and adulterants.
AGFD 20 Production of essential oils for the personal care industry: Quality and regulatory issues Barbara Schmidt,
[email protected]. Tap Root, LLC Paramus, NJ Essential oils are common ingredients in personal care products including fragrances,
soap, shampoo, and aromatherapy. Personal care products are subject to regulations designed to ensure product safety and quality.
Adulteration and cleanliness of essential oil plant material are two problems plaguing the industry. Good agricultural policies (GAP) and
good manufacturing practices (GMP) have been published by several governmental organizations to provide quality standards for botanical
raw materials. They describe methods to reduce microbial contamination, pesticide residue, foreign matter, and infestation by pests.
Maintaining these standards requires a concerted effort between the growers/harvesters, brokers, importers, and processors. This review
provides a summary of essential oil GMP standards and regulations and several solutions to common quality issues and regulatory hurdles.
AGFD 21 Green extraction of natural products: From innovations to industrial applications Farid Chemat, [email protected]. Univ. of Avignon, France This presentation will introduce a new and innovative area in the frontiers of chemistry, biology and
processing: green extraction with special emphasis on medicinal and aromatic plants. Green extraction is a part of the sustainable
development concept; its history, concept, principles and fundamentals will be described. We will pay special attention to the strategies and
the tools available to make biorefinery greener. The representation will present the innovative research in this area these past five years in
term of innovative techniques (microwave, ultrasound, pulse electric field...) and alternative solvents (ionic liquids, sub and supercritical
fluid, agrosolvents, water...) applied to this new area green extraction of natural products with special examples applied to biorefinery
concept. A general definition of green chemistry is the invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to
eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. In relation of green extraction of natural products, this definition can be modified
as follows: “Green Extraction is based on the discovery and design of extraction processes which will reduce energy consumption, allows use
of alternative solvents and renewable natural products, and ensure a safe and high quality extract/product”. The listing of the “six principles
of Green Extraction of Natural Products” should be viewed for industry and scientists as a direction to establish an innovative and green
label, charter and standard, and as a reflection to innovate not only in process but in all aspects of solid-liquid extraction. The principles have
been identified and described not as rules but as innovative examples to follow discovered by scientist and successfully applied by industry.
AGFD 22 Dual utilization of medicinal and aromatic crops: For plant chemicals and biofuels Valtcho Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov)1,
[email protected], Charles L. Cantrell2, Neal Stewart3, Blake Joyce3, Ekaterina Jeliazkova1. (1) Plant Sciences, Univ. of Wyoming,
Sheridan, USDA-ARS, Univ., Mississippi, (3) Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, The intent of our research on medicinal and aromatic crops
(MAC) as biofuel crops is to develop economically feasible and environmentally sound production systems for alternative non-food biofuel
crops for the South (Mississippi) and the North Central region (Wyoming). The yields and biofuel production from some MAC were
compared to those from switchgrass. The advantage of the proposed crops over other lignocellulosic species is the production of a high-value
natural product (essential oil), which is expected to improve profitability. Hence, these new biofuel crops may become more attractive to
growers. So far we have 5-year data from Mississippi and 4-year data from Wyoming. A number of species have been screened for biomass
yield, essential oil production, and production of ethanol. The plant species ranged from subtropical plants such as lemongrass and palmarosa
to essential oil crops grown in the northern US such as peppermint and spearmint. Experiments conducted in the southern US found biomass
yields of lemongrass and palmarosa ranged from around 8 to 19.5 t/ha, which were similar to switchgrass biomass yields across the US.
Japanese cornmint varieties provided biomass yields comparable to the ones from switchgrass both in Mississippi and in Wyoming. In
addition, peppermint and ‘Native’ spearmint also provided high biomass yields in both states. We have demonstrated that the ethanol
production from the MAP species could be similar to the BESC switchgrass standard. The expected significance and outcomes of our
research are: (1) Evaluating species for double utilization as a new approach to add value to lignocellulosic feedstock production; (2)
Economic evaluation of selected high-value crops for double utilization vs. switchgrass. Demonstration of the new high-value crops
to potential growers and processors; (3) Adding additional crops for feedstock production of biofuel in the US, improving economic
performance and diversity of existing cropping systems.
AGFD 23 Selected aspects of environmental protection in the processing of coal - monitoring and revitalization in relation to the
isolation, identification and utilization of isolated organic compounds Ivan Salamon, [email protected], J Sandor, J Mitra. Dept. of
ecology, Presov Univ. in Presov, Slovakia The issue of extraction of organic compounds from coal represents a progressive method with
relation to monitoring pollution and the possibility of subsequent revitalization of the environment. Coal as a result of carbonization of plant
and animal residues in anaerobic environment provides information about indication of the pollution levels in the selected area, according to
concetrations of heavy metals or other contaminants which depends on several environmental factors. Each plant species has its own specific
limiting boundaries, which is restricting to its tolerance or acceptance to the effects of environmental factors of the habitat. A conventional
manner of recovery, and preliminary characterization of extracts obtained from coal, plant specimens, or other samples, is extraction of the
sample with subsequent composition analysis using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Common section of research and
development of the company Medicproduct a.s., Lipany and Dept. of Ecology, FHNS, of Presov Univerzity in Presov is the use of current
trends in the extraction of organic compounds from coal and usage of extractives as important compounds in the search for new
pharmaceutical effectors and other biologically active substances within the areas of innovative pharmaceutical research and production, used
for the development of the Presov region and contiguous marginal areas. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of organic compounds in
the examined material can be considered to be an inexpensive tool for determination of the area pollution. There are several types of so called
biomonitors, such as mosses, lichens and fungi, which presence or absence in an ecosystem can provide important information about the
health of the environmnent. Keywords: coal, environment, lichens, plants, secondary metabolites Acknowledgements: This poster is
prepared within the Project implementation: Univ. Science Park TECHNICOM for Innovation Applications Supported by Knowledge
Technology, ITMS: 26220220182, supported by the Research & Development Operational Programme funded by the ERDF. "We support
research activities in Slovakia/this project is being co-financed by the European Union".
AGFD 24 Breeding of German chamomile, Matricaria recutita L., with the high content of /-/- α- bisabolol Ivan Salamon,
[email protected], Silvia Mudroncekova, [email protected], Jozef Fejer. Presov Univ. at Presov, Slovakia German
chamomile, Matricaria recutita L., is characterized by considerable variability of the amount of biologically active compounds in essential
oil, such as /-/-α-bisabololoxide A, /-/-α-bisabololoxide B, /-/-α-bisabolol, spiro ether and chamazulene. There are several distinct chemo
types of chamomile. /-/-α-bisabolol and chamazulene are considered as most valuable components of the essential oil. The recent breeding of
diploid forms is aimed at a high content of these components and a low content of /-/-α- bisabololoxides A and B. The emphasis is put on a
high yield of flower inflorescences as well as the uniformity and stability of plant morphological characteristics. The methods of individual
plant selection and “the middle seedbed” are used in our breeding practice. The content of essential oil of the new variety of chamomile
“Lianka”, which was bred in last years, is 0.70 %. Content of /-/-α-bisabolol is more than 55.1 % and chamazulene is about 16.5 %. The
average quantities of /-/-α-bisabololoxides A and B are 1.6 % and 2.3 %, which were determined by methods GC-FID and GC-MS from the
years 2011 to 2013.
AGFD 25 Biosynthesis of amphetamine-like alkaloids in Catha edulis and Ephedra spp., two distantly related taxa Efraim
Lewinsohn1, [email protected], Jillian Hagel2, Raz Krizevski1,6, Einat Bar1, Ryan A. Groves2, Asaf Levy1, Korey Kilpatrick3,4, Ye
Zhang2, Nativ Dudai1, Christoph W. Sensen2, Shimon Ben Shabat5, Sitrit Yaron6, Marsolais Frederic4, Peter J. Facchini2. (1) Vegetable
Crops, Newe Yaar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yisahy, Israel (2) Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (3)
Dept. of Biology, Western Univ. , London, Ontario, Canada (4) Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, London, Ontario, Canada (5) Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion Univ. of
the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel (6) Dept. of Dryland Agriculture, The Jacob Blaustein Inst.s for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion Univ. of the
Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Ephedrine alkaloids such as (1S)(2S)-norpseudoephedrine, (1S)(2S)-pseudoephedrine, (1R)(2S)-norephedrine and
(1R)(2S)-ephedrine are commercially important amphetamine-like alkaloids present in plants of taxonomically distant families. Ephedra
sinica (Ephedraceae) is a gymnosperm widely used in Chinese medicine. Catha edulis (Celastraceae), known by it's common name "khat" is
an angiosperm whose leaves are traditionally chewed as a stimulant in the Middle East and Eastern Africa. Very little is known about the
mechanisms by which such plants biosynthesize these compounds. We established a comparative functional genomics platform to facilitate
the study of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that direct the accumulation of ephedrine alkaloids. Targeted metabolomic analyses
coupled with biochemical and molecular studies have demonstrated that both plants apparently utilize similar biosynthetic pathways for the
ephedrine alkaloid biosynthesis. Key enzymes and putative genes involved in ephedrine alkaloid biosynthesis have been identified. The
multidisciplinary functional genomics and metabolomic platforms established will contribute to our understanding of the biosynthetic
pathway, key enzymatic steps and the regulation of this little studied biosynthetic pathway. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by
the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 814/06) and a grant (CA-9117-09) from the Canada-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development Fund.
AGFD 26 Saline water management strategy on growth and tuber yield of Helianthus tuberosus (L.) cv. Stampede Jorge F. Ferreira1,
[email protected], Nildo Dias2, Xuan Liu1, Donald Suarez1. (1) US Salinity Lab, USDA-ARS, Riverside, California, (2)
UFERSA, Mossoro, RN, Brazil Jerusalem artichoke is a North American crop that is a rich source of the prebiotic inulin (tubers) and
antioxidants (leaves) and both organs can also serve as feedstock for livestock and for biofuels. The crop is said to be tolerant to salinity, but
the results are known to vary with cultivar. Salinity of waters destined to irrigated agriculture in semi- arid regions is steadily increasing
worldwide, being an important restriction to crop yield, and threatening the food supply of an increasing population. While saline waters are
more available and affordable than fresh water, the literature provides few management strategies and alternative crops that can be used with
saline waters. This study investigated the effects of irrigating Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) with high-salinity/low-salinity
water mixtures during the whole crop cycle or in cycles. Plants were irrigated with low (1.2 dS m-1) and high-salinity controls (12 dS m-1)
throughout the experiment or with waters with intermediate electric conductivity (EC) of 3.6, 6.4, and 9.2 dS m-1. Additionally, low-salinity
and high-salinity controls were exchanged after 25, 50 and 75% of the irrigation period. The experiment was conducted in large outdoor sand
tanks in a complete randomized design with eight treatments and three replicates. Both growth and tuber yield were significantly reduced
from low- to high-salinity water controls, but no difference was found among intermediate treatments, including exchange from low- to
high-salinity controls at any percentage of irrigation periods. Results suggest that the response of Jerusalem artichoke to salinity does not
depend on the duration of exposure to salinity. From the crop perspective, both growth and tuber yield decreased with increasing salinity, but
tuber yield was less affected by salinity than growth.
AGFD 27 Innovative tactic toward rapid isolation of unique bioactive sphingoids from dietary natural resources Siddabasave Gowda
B.1, [email protected], Kenji Monde2. (1) Chemical biology, Hokkaido Univ., Graduate School of Life science, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, Japan (2) Hokkaido Univ Fac Adv Life SCI, Kita Ku Sapporo, Japan Sphingolipids are major components of the biomembrane
lipids composed of a sphingoid base backbone, amide linked fatty acids and various moieties at the primary hydroxyl group. Many of the
naturally occurring dietary sphingoid bases are cytotoxic to cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms or have other potentially useful
bioactivities; hence, they offer a promise as pharmaceutical leads. Recent studies have shown that sphingoid bases isolated from various
edible plants / fungi can inhibit Akt- dependent signaling and prevent intestinal tumorigenesis. Studies focusing on the efficient isolation of
sphingoid bases from various natural resources were limited except, classical acid hydrolysis, which produce many byproducts. Herein, we
are presenting an effective and facile extraction methodology utilizing glutaraldehyde resin (Fig.1), which can be reusable and most efficient
in catching chemoselectively sphingoids from the biological samples and plant extracts. And also for the first time we are demonstrating a
most efficient and cost effective chemoenzymatic method to obtain sphingoid bases (Sph) from alimentary natural resources like rice, soy,
wheat and mushroomIn the near future, we are going to construct their chemical libraries which were going to be used in cancer therapy.
AGFD 28 Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) and its qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oil in Albania
Ivan Salamon1, [email protected], Alban Ibraliu2, [email protected] , Silvia Mudroncekova3, Jozef Fejer4. (1) Presov Univ. at
Presov, Slovakia (2) Agricultural Univ. of Tirana, Albania Genus Juniperus has about 60 species. The most wide-spread species is common
juniper (Juniperus communis L.). The main raw material for the production of historical typical Slovak alcohol beverage ,,Spišská borovička”
is common juniper fruits. Nowadays berries are mainly imported from Albania, where the plants are growing typically on the rocks, on
barren grounds, in fields, grass fields, clear-cut areas, in open forests and in other places. In 2013 the fruits were collected from 16 localities
in Albania, naturally dried, extracted essential oils and analysed by GC/MS. The content of essential oil varies in the range of 1.2 % to 3.8 %
and from 34 to 47 substances was identified. The Albanian plants have more geographic types, which were identified on base of the essential
oil composition. The first has the dominant compounds β-myrcene (44.5 ± 3.04 %) and α-pinene (19.6 ± 3.35 %). The second type is
characterised by the contents: α-pinene (25.1 ± 1.78 %), β-pinene (13.4 ± 4.41 %) and β-myrcene (21.2 ± 4.79 %) and the third: α-pinene
(31.6 ± 1.81 %), β-pinene (13.6 ± 1.78 %) and β- myrcene (18.5 ± 5.60 %). The last has very high content of α-pinene (37.7 ± 1.92 %), βpinene (12.4 ± 2.22 %) and β-myrcene (18.6 ± 3.65 %). The obtained results suggest that the content and composition of essential oil of
juniper berries varies depending on the age of the plant and localities. This biodiversity monitoring of Albanian juniper plant population
contributes for increasing efficiency and enhancement of spirit distillate production
AGFD 29 Treatment with soluble phenolic antioxidants significantly improves antioxidant capacity of insoluble wheat bran Ezgi
Doğan, [email protected], Vural Gökmen. Dept. of Food Engineering, Hacettepe Univ., Ankara, Turkey Whole grains contain
antioxidant compounds especially in the insoluble bound forms that potentially exert effect much longer than soluble antioxidants in
gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, increase in the amount of antioxidants bound to dietary fiber ingested with diet has been considered very
significant in human health. This study aimed to increase antioxidant capacity bound to insoluble fraction of cereal brans by their treatment
with soluble antioxidants. For this purpose, insoluble fraction of wheat bran was treated with various sources of soluble antioxidants either in
pure aqueous solutions or in antioxidant rich beverages under different conditions. Treatment with tannic acid, but not gallic acid,
significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of insoluble wheat bran depending on its aqueous concentration (p<0.05). Green tea infusion
was found as the most efficient beverage among the beverages (white and red wines, black and green tea infusions) tested. Increasing the
treatment temperature and time from 25oC to 50oC, and from 30 min to 60 min, respectively, also increased significantly the antioxidant
capacity (p<0.05). In addition, changing pH value from 2.0 to 12.0 was found to affect significantly the resulting antioxidant capacity. At
optimum conditions (50°C, pH 9.0, no air flow), the total antioxidant capacity of insoluble bran fraction increased to > 100 mmol TE.kg-1.
AGFD 30 Study of the synergy between soluble and dietary fiber bound antioxidants Ecem E. Çelik1, [email protected], Vural
Gökmen1, Leif Horsfelt Skibsted2. (1) Dept. of Food Engineering, Hacettepe Univ., Ankara, Turkey (2) Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark This study investigates the synergism between dietary fiber (DF) bound antioxidants of grains and
soluble antioxidants of some high-consumed beverages and pure compounds. Insoluble fractions of grains containing bound antioxidants
were obtained after removal of their soluble fractions with a specific washing procedure and possible synergism with soluble antioxidants
was investigated with two different experimental designs; (i) liposome based system by measuring the lag phase before the onset of oxidation
(ii) ESR (electron spin resonance) based system by measuring the reduction percentage of Fremy’s salt radical solution via an antioxidant
compound. In both procedures, antioxidant capacities of DF bound and soluble antioxidants were measured as well as their combinations,
which were prepared in different ratios. The simple addition effects of DF bound and soluble antioxidants were estimated to compare with
the measured values. The results revealed a clear synergism for almost all combinations in both liposome and ESR based systems.
Synergistic effects of different combinations changed not only depending on the type of antioxidant compounds present and their
concentration, but also on the ratios at which they are mixed. However, the synergism observed in DF bond-soluble antioxidant system paints
a promising picture considering their role in human gastrointestinal (GI) tract health.
AGFD 31 Carotenoid content and composition in winter squash, (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and (Cucurbita moschata Duch.):
Variability associated with different cultigens, harvest dates, and storage times Jennifer Noseworthy, [email protected].
Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, Carotenoids are orange and yellow pigments found in plants which play an important
role in human health. Winter squash cultigens often have a high carotenoid content; however, carotenoid contents and profiles among
currently popular North American cultivars have not been adequately characterized, nor has carotenoid diversity within cultigens of C.
maxima and C. moschata been adequately explored. In the present study, several cultigens of C. moschata and C. maxima, including popular
cultivars Waltham Butternut, Sunshine, and Thunder, were grown at research farms in Durham, NH in 2007, 2008, and 2009, and harvested
at either 40 or 60 days after pollination (DAP), and stored for 0, 30 or 60 days at 15 oC prior to preparing samples. Total carotenoid contents
were determined spectrophotometrically and carotenoid profiles were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Carotenoid contents in fruit samples of C. maxima cultigens harvested at 60 DAP ranged from 146 to 320 μg·g-1 FW, compared to contents
of 274 to 623 μg·g-1 FW after storage for 60 d. Carotenoid contents were lower among Cucurbita moschata cultigens, ranging from 42 to145
μg·g-1 FW at 60 d harvest, and from 84 to 239 μg·g-1 FW after storage for 60 d. The predominant carotenoids identified in C. maxima
kabocha hybrids were the nutritionally important carotenoids, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and lutein, and non- nutritionally important carotenoids
neoxanthin and lutein-5,6-epoxide. The nutritionally beneficial carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein were identified in cultigens of
C. moschata, along with neoxanthin and violaxanthin, carotenoids with no known role in human nutrition. There was relatively little
variability in carotenoid profiles among the kabocha hybrids, and the average values for lutein and β-carotene were 46 μg·g-1 FW and 41
μg·g-1 FW, respectively. There was considerable variability in carotenoid profiles among the C. moschata cultigens. Beta-carotene varied
from as low as 17.3 μg·g-1 FW in ‘Waltham Butternut’ to as high as 114.2 μg·g-1 FW in the inbred line NH.Mo421. Lutein varied from 22.3
μg·g-1 FW in NH.Mo421 to 59.9 μg·g-1 FW in NH.Mo851. Both species exhibited variability in the proportion of nutritionally beneficial to
total carotenoids and in the proportion of xanthophylls (hydroxyl carotenoids) that were esterified to fatty acid esters.
AGFD 32 Effect of xanthan/enzymatically modified guar gum mixtures on the stability of oil- in-water emulsions Pavan Kumar
Chityala1, [email protected], Hanna(John) Khouryieh2, Kevin Williams1. (1) Chemistry, Western Kentucky Univ.,
Bowling Green, (2) Food Processing and Technology, Western Kentucky Univ., Bowling Green, Scientific evidence shows that dietary
intake of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) is beneficial to human health. Fish oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids.
However, Fish oil with high levels of omega-3 PUFA is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration during storage. The objective of this study
was to evaluate the effect of xanthan (XG)/enzymatically modified guar (EMG) gum mixtures on the physicochemical properties and
stability of whey protein isolate (WPI) stabilized oil-in- water (O/W) emulsions containing 20% v/v menhaden oil. Guar gum structure was
modified using the enzyme α-galactosidase to obtain EMG. Emulsions were prepared using 6 different biopolymer concentrations (0, 0.05,
0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3%) for xanthan (XG), guar (GG), xanthan/guar (XG/GG) and xanthan/EMG gum mixtures. The emulsions were
evaluated for creaming stability, viscosity and average particle size. Creaming was observed for a continuous 20 days period during which
emulsions containing XG/EMG gum mixtures showed better creaming stability than emulsions containing XG, GG or XG/GG. No separation
of layers observed at higher concentrations (0.2, 0.3%) of emulsions containing XG/EMG. Emulsions with XG/EMG mixtures were more
viscous than other emulsion types. Biopolymer concentration did not affect the particle size of all the emulsion types. The results indicate that
the emulsions containing XG/EMG mixtures have better physical stability than emulsions containing XG, GG or XG/GG mixtures as
biopolymers. The effect of XG/EMG mixtures on the oxidative stability of emulsions will be evaluated.
AGFD 33 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) resistant starch and novel processing methods to increase resistant starch concentration Sudhair A.
James1, [email protected], Thavarajah Pushparaj2, Dil Thavarajah2, Sirimal Premakumara3, Kanchana Abeysekara3, Subramanium
Sotheeswaran1. (1) Inst. of Chemistry, College of Chemical Sciences, Colombo, Western , Sri Lanka (2) Clemson Univ., Clemson, South
Carolina, (3) Industrial Technology of Inst., Colombo, Western , Sri Lanka Obesity is an emerging health crisis in many developing
countries. To find food based solutions for obesity, rice resistant starch (RS) concentrations and novel ways to increase RS concentrations
were studied. A total of 38 Sri Lankan rice varieties were tested; the RS concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 4.65%. The traditional rice
varieties had significantly higher RS concentrations than old and improved varieties. Bg 305 had the least RS concentration out of all.
However, applying different heating and cooling conditions with pure coconut oil showed RS concentrations increased by at least 10 times.
The increase in RS content could be attributed to the increase in RS3 and RS5 types, suggesting potential to increase these types of RS in
rice. This study results clearly show, rice when cooked properly could be a good low calorie food source for obesity reduction. In-vivo
glycemic effects of RS studies are in progress.
AGFD 34 Fractionation and characterization of glabrous canary seed components for food and non-food applications Elsayed M.
Abdelaal1, [email protected], Pierre Hucl2, Carol Ann Patterson 3. (1) Agri-Food Canada, GFRC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (2) Univ. of
Saskatchewn, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (3) he Pathfinders Research & Management Ltd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Glabrous (hairless) canary seed is a true cereal grain exhibiting unique characteristics in its components: starch, protein and oil. The grains
contain, on average, 56% starch, 20% protein and 6.4% oil making it a potential alternative crop for the fractionation industry. In a previous
study, three wet milling methods based on ethanol, water and alkaline extractions were used to fractionate canary seed into starch, protein,
oil, fine fiber and coarse fiber components. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained when canary seed was defatted with ethanol and
then extracted with alkali and water. Later this fractionation process was further investigated to assess yield and characterization of canary
seed components (starch, protein and oil) for 2 varieties (CDC Maria and C05041) in 3 batches each. The yield of starch from both varieties
averaged approximately 53 g/100g. The protein yield was considerably lower for C05041 compared with CDC Maria, i.e. 15 g/100g versus
25 g/100g. The recovery of oil from both varieties was similar but slightly low, averaging about 4.7 g/100g. These batch studies indicate that
glabrous canary seed would offer a good alternative source of starch to the mainstream sources (e.g. wheat and corn). Research is underway
to characterize canary seed starch and its potential applications.
AGFD 35 Induced resistance in ash (Fraxinus spp.) against emerald ash borer: A proteomic investigation Sourav Chakraborty1,
[email protected], Stephen Opiyo2, Amy Hill3, Don Cipollini4, Daniel A. Herms5, Pierluigi Bonello3. (1) Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Central Connecticut State Univ., New Britain, (2) Molecular Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, (3)
Plant Pathology, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, (4) Biological Sciences, Wright State Univ., Dayton, Ohio, (5) Entomology, The Ohio
State Univ., Wooster, Ohio, Trees manifest two different types of defense against insects and pathogens: constitutive (pre-attack) and
induced (post-attack). Constitutive defenses include the physical barrier represented by the outer bark as well as defensive proteins and
specialized metabolites, such as phenolics, toxic to the insect. Induced defenses include the formation of necrophylactic periderm and the
induced accumulation of phenolics, lignin and defensive proteins. The invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) beetle is threatening to decimate
North America’s ash population. In previous work, we identified putative biochemical and molecular markers of constitutive EAB resistance
in Manchurian ash, an Asian species that is resistant by virtue of coevolution with EAB. Recently, we characterized a pinoresinol-type
phenolic biomarker for induced resistance in ash subjected to both inoculation with EAB eggs and water stress. To further investigate
induced defense responses, we performed high throughput semi- quantitative comparative proteomics of tissue from the same experiment.
Proteins from forty trees (2 species × 2 water treatments × 2 insect egg treatments × 5 biological replicates) were precipitated, cleaned and
subjected to two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Protein spots were chosen based on DeCyder software and
multivariate statistics using a 5-fold change cut-off. Selected protein spots were digested using trypsin and analyzed by liquid
chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteins were searched against the green plant database, Viridiplantae using
the MASCOT search engine. Using this approach we were able to identify twenty eight proteins from phloem tissue of two ash species that
were induced by EAB larval attack.
AGFD 36 Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of crude extract preparations from the medicinal plant Vexibia
alopecuroides (L.) Jakovl Tatyana Kustova1, Tatyana Karpenyuk1, Melissa Jacob2, Charles L. Cantrell3, Samir Ross2, [email protected].
(1) Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National Univ., Almaty, Kazakhstan (2) NCNPR, The Univ. of Mississippi,
Univ., (3) NPURU, USDA-ARS, Univ., Mississippi, Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one of the most frequent and complex problems among
patients suffering from diabetes. DFI is polymicrobial in nature. Moreover most of the bacteria have multidrug resistance. Therefore, much
attention has been paid to find biological active substances from plants that help to solve this problem. This study was designed to evaluate
the antibacterial activity of the crude dichloromethane extract and fractions obtained from Vexibia alopecuroides (L.). The roots of Vexibia
alopecuroides (L.) were extracted by sequential soaking with dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol. The DCM crude extract showed good
antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the DCM crude extract was subjected to bioassay- guided fractionation. Column eluate was collected on the
basis of TLC similarities and recombined into 10 fractions. Antimicrobial activity of crude extract from Vexibia alopecuroides (L.) and
extract fractions were evaluated using NCCLS modified version of broth micro-dilution assays [1, 2]. The antibacterial activity of the
samples was more effective inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Three fractions (D, E, H) showed
the highest antibacterial activity against both methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. aureus with IC50 value < 0.8 µg/ml compared to the IC50
values of 0.1 µg/ml of standard drug ciprofloxacin. Fractions showing antibacterial activity were purified and the structures of compounds
elucidated by high-resolution LC/MS analysis and 1H and 13C NMR techniques, which were in agreement with the literature data of
leachianone A, glabrol, sophoraflavanone G, sophoraflavone I, alopecurone A, B, C, D, F. The present study demonstrated promising results
against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, which represents an important step in searching and developing a new antibacterial agent
against diabetic foot infections. [1] NCCLS. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically
M7-A5. National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2000; 20(2) [2] NCCLS. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal
Susceptibility Testing of Conidium-Forming Filamentous Fungi; Proposed Standard, M38-P. National Committee on Clinical Laboratory
Standards. 1998; 18(13)
AGFD 37 β-Triketones from Leptospermum scoparium as natural herbicides Inhibiting p- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Franck Dayan1, [email protected], Daniel Owens1, Dhammika Nanayakkara2. (1) Natural Products Utilization Res Unit, USDA-ARS,
Oxford, Mississippi, (2) Univ of Mississippi, Univ., Manuka, Leptospermum scoparium, is an medicinal and aromatic shrub from
Australasia. Its phytochemical composition has been studied extensively. The essential oil from manuka has strong pre- and postemergence
herbicidal activity and causes bleaching of the foliage in treated plants. Manuka oil and its primary active ingredient, leptospermone, are
stable in soils for up to 7 days, though it is sensitive to microbial degradation. Leptospermone is produced in special structures called
schizogenous glands within the mesophyll of the foliage. Structurally, leptospermone has a number of characteristics of conventional
herbicides, which leads it to be suitable for root uptake and translocation to the foliage, where its molecular target site, phydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), is located. However, leptospermone is also sensitive to metabolic degradation in planta. HPPD
is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prenyl quinones (plastoquinone) and tocopherols and its inhibition leads to bleaching because
plastoquinone is an essential cofactor for the activity of phytoene desaturase. The systemic activity of manuka oil addresses many of the
major limitations normally associated with natural herbicides, such as its action being more than non- selective burn-down herbicide with
higher efficacy. Additionally, its soil persistence opens up a multitude of new possibilities for the use of manuka oil as a tool for weed
management and may be a potential bridge between traditional and organic agriculture.
AGFD 38 Cilantro essential oil and its major constituents as a source of new drugs against Leishmaniasis Mateus A. Donega1,
[email protected], Simone . Mello1, Rita M. Moraes2,4, Surendra K. Jain2, Babu L. Tekwani2, Charles L. Cantrell3. (1) Escola
Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil (2) National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Inst. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Dept. of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy,, Univ. of Mississippi, Oxford, (3)
USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Oxford, Mississippi, (4) Center for Water and Wetland Resources, Univ. of
Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, US Coriandrum sativum L. leaves are used by many countries in the preparation of food and in folk
medicine. The essential oil from its leaves has the potential for use in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent and as a condiment. Since
cilantro (C. sativum) is highly consumed in countries with high incidences of Leishmaniasis, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of
cilantro essential oil and some of its main components: (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2-dodecenal. The essential oil of C. sativum leaves inhibits
growth of Leishmani donovani promastigotes in culture with an IC50 of 26.58 ± 6.11 µg/mL. The aliphatic aldehydes (E)-2-decenal and (E)2-dodecenal also are effective inhibitors of in vitro cultures of L. donovani promastigotes (IC50 7.85 ± 0.28 µg/mL and 4.35 ± 0.15 µg/mL,
respectively). For axenic amastigotes, (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2- dodecenal were evaluated and IC50 values were determined to be 2.47 ± 0.25
µg/mL and 4.78 ± 1.12 µg/mL, respectively. From these results, another trial was conducted with the objective to evaluate the yield of the
major compounds in the essential oil of five genotypes of C. sativum L. The treatments were composed of four accessions provided by the
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture germplasm: (“AMES 18596”; “PI 171592”; “AMES 4998” and “PI 193770”) and cultivar (Santo). Accessions
AMES 18596 and PI 193770 produced 7.34 g/plant of fresh weight of shoots. Accession PI 171592 produced slightly higher yields (6.23
g/plant) than the cultivar Santo and AMES 4998 (4.75 g/plant). (E)-2-decenal concentration ranged from 5.75 to 58.75 µg/g fresh weight,
(E)-2-Dodecenal concentration ranged from 14.50 to 40.43 µg/g fresh weight, (Figure 1). These differences among genotypes are important
because it may offer the opportunity for production of cilantro to meet the food and pharmaceutical industry requirements.
AGFD 39 Essential oils in prevention and treatment of human opportunistic fungal diseases Tatjana Markovic2, Valtcho Jeliazkov
(Zheljazkov)1, [email protected]. (1) Plant Sciences, Univ. of Wyoming, Sheridan, (2) Inst. for Medicinal Plants, Belgrade, Serbia Human
infectious diseases have significantly increasing during the past decade, especially in immunocompromised patients; as high as 10% percent
of hospital acquired systemic infections are caused by fungi. Among animal and human pathogens, dermatomycetes are the main cause of
dermatomycoses. The superficial infectionsthey cause are not life threatening but chronic and carrying a considerable morbidity. Under
certain circumstances Candida spp. commensals (C. albicans and some non-albicans species commonly isolated from human oral cavity)
become pathogenic, causing from mucous membrane infection (pseudomembranous candidiasis and denture-induced stomatitis) to a lifethreatening systemic diseases, particularly in patients with a weak immune system. In addition to the increasing resistance of human
pathogens to current commercial drugs, conventional treatments with many adverse effects become unsatisfactory, presenting aserious
medical problem. Hence, the development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents, including natural products, seems to be vitally
important. Due to their biologically active secondary metabolites, many plants have been traditionally used in ethno medicine for their
therapeutic antifungal potential, while some others, recently explored,prove to be very promising ones. Some essential oils (M. suaveolens,
R. officinalis, S.officinalis, C. citrates, etc) and their main constituents, prove to play an important role as potential therapeutic agents. The
main advantage of these natural products, particularly essential oils (which are lipophilic in nature and can easily penetrate the plasma
membrane) is their ability to efficiently cure the most opportunistic fungal disease with no harmful effects on human and animal tissues.With
growing interest in use of essential oils in the pharmaceutical industry, systematic examination of their preventive and therapeutic properties
has become increasinglyimportant. This paper represents a review on antifungal efficacy of essential oils and their constituents in prevention
and treatmentof some common opportunistic fungal diseases in humans
AGFD 40 Effects of plant-derived bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, immune response, and
productivity of ruminant animals Alexander N. Hristov, [email protected], Joonpyo Oh. Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park, Plants produce
an extensive array of organic compounds derived from secondary metabolism that may be useful in animal nutrition because of their
chemical constituents. These plant-derived bio-active compounds (PBAC), also referred to as phytonutrients or phytobiotics, have been
shown to express antimicrobial activities against a wide range of bacteria, yeast, and fungi and have been investigated as alternatives to
rumen modifiers, such as ionophoric antibiotics, in animal nutrition. PBAC have also been studied as inhibitors of pathogens having impact
on animal health and productivity, immune enhancement, and stress reduction. A large number of in vitro, in situ, and in vivo studies on the
effects of PBAC on ruminal fermentation have been published in recent years. Some reports have concluded that PBAC may inhibit
deamination of amino acids and methanogenesis and shift fermentation towards propionate and butyrate. Responses, however, have been
highly variable. Overall, hydrolysable and condensed tannins may offer an opportunity to reduce rumen methane production, although intake
and animal productivity may be compromised. Most of these experiments have been conducted in vitro. Although in vitro data are useful for
screening purposes, the true value of PBAC for altering rumen microbial fermentation and ultimately enhancing animal production must be
assessed in vivo and in long-term trials. Another, relatively new area of research is the effects of PBAC on immunity and animal health.
PBAC such as garlic, curcumin, and capsicum have modulatory effects on the adaptive immune system in monogastric species and similar
properties may be expected in ruminants. Studies with dairy cows have indicated that some PBAC delivered postruminally increase
neutrophil activity and immune cells related to acute phase immune response. Overall, some PBAC may be beneficial as rumen modifiers
and may positively affect animal immunity, health, and productivity, but more and long-term studies are needed to fully elucidate these
effects in ruminant animals.
AGFD 41 Hairy roots and human health: Production and discovery of bioactive compounds Fabricio Medina-Bolivar1,
[email protected], Tianhong Yang1, Lingling Fang1, Keithanne Mockaitis2, Nirmal Joshee3. (1) Biological Sciences, Arkansas
State Univ., State Univ.,(2) Biology, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, (3) Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State Univ., Fort Valley,
Georgia, Hairy root cultures have been increasingly used as production platforms of bioactive compounds. To this end, we developed hairy
root cultures of peanut and Scutellaria lateriflora to elucidate the biosynthesis of selected stilbenoids and flavonoids and study their biological
activities. Co-treatment of hairy root cultures of peanut with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and cyclodextrin (CD) was the most effective to
induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of the anticancer prenylated stilbenoid arachidin-1. Furthermore, we are integrating transcriptome
and targeted metabolite analyses from these elicited hairy root cultures to elucidate the biosynthesis of prenylated stilbenoids in peanut.
Similarly, in S. lateriflora hairy root cultures, the co-treatment with MeJA and CD led to the accumulation several potentially bioactive
compounds which are being characterized. We demonstrated that these biotechnological approaches provide a valuate tool for producing and
discovering compounds with applications in human health.
AGFD 42 Bioactive constituents isolated from essential oils from plants in Asteraceae and Apiaceae families Kumudini M.
Meepagala, [email protected]. Natural Product MS Univ of Mississippi Natl Cntr, Univ., Mississippi, US Plants produce secondary
metabolites that play major roles in natural defense mechanisms. These constituents have various biological activities against fungi, insects,
other plants, and bacteria. Hence, plants are good sources in the search for bioactive compounds that can be used as agrochemicals. As part of
an investigation in search of natural product based agrochemicals, plants in the Apiaceae and Asteraceae families were investigated. Plants in
these two families are known to produce essential oils and have many biological activities. Steam distilled oil of Erigeron speciosus also
known as Aspen Fleabane contains antifungal, molluscicidal, and phtotoxic constituents. The active constituent was isolated and identified as
a polyacetylinc ester. From several Artemisia species, molluscicidal, antifungal, and phytotoxic constituents were isolated and identified.
Isolation, identification, and bioassay of these constituents will be discussed.
AGFD 43 Recent research and development of Antrodia cinnamomea: An endemic medicinal mushroom of Taiwan Senthil Kumar K
J1, [email protected], Sheng-Yang Wang2. (1) Dept. of Forestry, National Chung Hsing Univ., Taichung, Taiwan (2) National ChungHsing Univ., Taichung, Taiwan Antrodia cinnamomea (Syn. Antrodia camphorata) is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan. In
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this mushroom is used for treating food poisoning, drug intoxication, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
hypertention, skin irritation, inflammation, and cancer. This unique fungus grows inner sap of the age old tree Cinnamomum kanehira Hay
(Lauraceae). Accumulating scientific evidences (nearly 250 research articles) revealed that Antrodia cinnamomea possess various therapeutic
effects including, hepatoprotectiion, neuroprotection, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipedemic, anti-metastatic,
and anti-cancer. In recent years, this mushroom is starting to attract by pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries because it is one of best
source of bioactive components including, triterpinoids, polysaccharides, benzenoids, benzoquinone derivatives, and maleic/succinic acid
derivatives. Due to the rareness and cost effect, scientist developed several culture techniques for the mass production. Recent pre-clinical
and clinical studies on human strongly suggest that Antrodia cinnamomea could be novel alternative phytotherapeutic agent, or a synergizer
in the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases. Pharmacological Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea
AGFD 44 Bacteriophage-based scheme to enable rapid MALDI-TOF screening of samples for bacterial contaminants Samuel D.
Alcaine1, [email protected], Lianna Tilton1, Ziyuan Wang1, Sam R. Nugen2. (1) Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts,
Amherst, (2) 246 Chenoweth Laboratory, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, There is a need for improved screening methods of bacterial
contaminants in food and clinical samples. Bacteriophages are ideal detection elements due to their host specificity, short amplification time,
ability to differentiate between viable and non-viable cells, and capability to delivery genetic material. As a proof-of-principal, we have
genetically engineering bacteriophage T7 to enable rapid detection of E. coli in a water sample. We have modified T7 to carry an enzymatic
reporter, a His-tagged TEV protease, for overexpression in E. coli. The His-tag allows for TEV separation and concentration with magnetic
beads. The separated TEV is added to a solution containing a peptide composed of identical subunits that are cleaved when TEV is present.
MALDI-TOF is used to rapidly screen this sample for changes in peptide composition. This scheme will allow for rapid identification of
potentially contaminated samples for corrective response and further analysis.
AGFD 45 Quantification of plant sterols and plant stanols in phytosterol-enriched foods anddietary suppl ements Cynthia T.
Srigley1, [email protected], Ermias Haile2. (1) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US FDA, College Park, Maryland,
(2) Joint Inst. for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Plant sterols and plant stanols, collectively referred to
as phytosterols, are currently added to conventional foods and dietary supplements for the purpose of reducing risk of coronary heart disease
(CHD). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the content and composition of phytosterols in phytosterol-enriched foods and
dietary supplements using a validated method whose intended use is for regulatory analysis. This method, which uses epicoprostanol as an
internal standard, involves the saponification of homogenized samples followed by liquid-liquid extraction of unsaponifiable material and gas
chromatographic separation of phytosterol trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. Some samples (i.e., foods with complex protein or carbohydrate
matrices) require that an acid hydrolysis step be performed prior to saponification to facilitate digestion of the sample matrix.
Chromatographic conditions with this method permitted near-baseline separation of the five major phytosterols (i.e., campesterol,
campestanol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and sitostanol) for which beneficial health effects have been reported. A total of 25 phytosterolenriched products from a wide variety of matrices including vegetable margarines/spreads, beverages, baked goods, and dietary supplements
were analyzed. Analyzed samples showed total phytosterol contents that varied from 0.2 g/100 g to 55.8 g/100 g. Analyzed contents of total
phytosterols fell within ±20% of label values for 20 of the products and exceeded 120% of declarations for the remaining five products.
Thirteen (13) of the products (52%) carried the FDA’s health claim for the relationship between phytosterols and reduced risk of CHD. This
method meets requirements for a Level Two single laboratory validation described in the FDA's Office of Foods' Guidelines for the
Validation of Chemical Methods for the FDA Foods Program. This work is the first to evaluate the content and composition of phytosterols
from the wide variety of phytosterol-enriched products currently available in the US and their use of the FDA’s health claim for phytosterols
and reduced risk of CHD.
AGFD 46 Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils on foodborne pathogens Roberta
Tardugno1, [email protected], Federica Pellati1, Annalisa Serio2, Antonello Paparella2, Stefania Benvenuti1. (1) Dept. of Life
Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena , Italy (2) Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental, Univ. of
Teramo, Teramo, Italy Essential oils (EOs) are known to be an important source of natural bioactive compounds. In this study, several
commercial EOs were submitted to quali- and semi- quantitative analysis by using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. GC analyses were
carried out on a HP-5 capillary column, under programmed-temperature elution. The qualitative characterization combined with semiquantification allowed us to obtain the characteristic chemical profile for each EO. The antimicrobial activity of selected EOs was evaluated
on foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus, by means of microdilution test,
according to CLSI guidelines. Chemical fingerprinting associated with bioactivity results allowed us to achieve interesting compositionactivity relationships of the investigated EOs. Results obtained were variable, being the Gram negative naturally less sensitive than the Gram
positive ones; moreover, the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) obtained suggested different mechanisms of action of the EOs, which
could be related to their chemical composition.
AGFD 47 Determination of quantitative sodium mass transfer coefficient during osmotic processing of potatoes Amanda Kinchla,
[email protected], Troy Hinkley. Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Sodium adsorption in potatoes was
studied using osmotic solutions. The specific aims of this study were to quantify the diffusion of sodium into a potato and change process
variables to reliably reduce the final sodium concentration in the sample. Sodium adsorption was quantified using linear correlation
equations, derived from simplifications of Fick’s second law. A sodium mass transfer coefficient (ks) was calculated from linear regression
analysis. Comparing ks values associated with different processing conditions serves as a useful metric in determining the best strategies to
decrease the rate of sodium adsorption. The parameter changes investigated were temperature, concentration and anion species.
Experimental determination of the differences in the mass transfer coefficient resulting from these changes was the focus of this study.
Among these parameters, changes in temperature ranging above and below the starch gelatinization temperature resulted in the largest effect
on sodium diffusion, followed closely by introduction of anion species larger than chloride
AGFD 48 Feline bitter receptors TAS2R38 and TAS2R43 have response profiles distinct from the human homologues Joseph
Rucker1, [email protected], Michelle Sandau2, Jason Goodman1, Anu Thomas1, Nancy Rawson2. (1) Integral Molecular,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US (2) AFB International, St. Charles, Missouri, US Bitter taste perception is mediated by members of the
highly divergent TAS2R receptor family. TAS2Rs ar expressed primarily in taste cells and have evolved to detect an extraordinary diversity
of bitter compounds that are naturally found in foods and toxins, translating that detection into gustatory perception via G protein coupled
signaling. While the molecular specificity of human TAS2Rs have been delineated in detail, much less in known about the specificities of
TAS2Rs from other species. We have initiated work to understand bitter taste perception and TAS2R function in cats. Several studies have
described the phylogenetic relationship of specific feline bitter sequences as compared to other carnivores; however, no studies have
examined feline taste perception through functional expression of feline taste receptors. As felines are obligate carnivores, in which the sweet
receptor TAS1R2 has become a pseudogene, it may be misleading to make the assumption that feline perception of bitter is similar to other
mammals. We have cloned the sequences for feline TAS2R38 and TAS2R43 and deorphanized these receptors using a cellular functional
assay. We demonstrate that the response profiles of the feline bitter receptors TAS2R38 and TAS2R43 are distinct from those of the
homologous human receptors. Human and feline TAS2R38 both respond to the presence of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), the prototypical
TAS2R38 ligand, but show drastically different sensitivity to other known TAS2R38 ligands. Similarly, both human and feline TAS2R43 are
responsive to aloin but differ in sensitivity and specificity to other known TAS2R ligands. Based on this knowledge we can begin to
understand what chemicals felines can detect through bitter receptors and provide either a better tasting food through elimination of
ingredients or through addition of bitter blockers. Future work will focus on deorphanizing of additional receptors as well as testing identified
compounds perceptually in cats.
AGFD 49 Physics and chemistry of brewing better coffee Christopher H. Hendon1, [email protected], Lesley Colonna-Dashwood2,
Maxwell Colonna-Dashwood2. (1) Dept of Chemistry, Univ. of Bath,, United Kingdom (2) Colonna and Small's, Bath, United Kingdom The
coffee cherry is a complex fruit, and the second most traded commodity globally. There are many variables that define the chemical
composition of the final product: a cup of coffee. This talk will cover an on-going collaboration with M. Colonna-Dashwood (UK/World
Barista Champion), discussing in depth variables in the process of brewing coffee. Specifically, there is emphasis on the rich physics and
chemistry of the interaction between water and coffee. Using modern computational methods,[1] we discuss the effect of Ca(II), Mg(II) and
Na(I) on the extraction process, and how chemical compositions may change in the cup as a result of these ions. Subsequently, we also
discuss the sensory and perception of the resultant coffee, which is primarily a function of bicarbonate content in the water. [1] Hendon, C.
H., Colonna-Dashwood, L., Colonna-Dashwood, M., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2014, 62, 4947-50.
AGFD 50 Estimation of procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis/trans flavanol ratios of condensed tannin fractions by 1H-13C HSQC
NMR spectroscopy: Correlation with thiolysis Wayne Zeller1, [email protected], Aina Ramsay2, Honorata Ropiak2, Christos
Fryganas2, Irene Mueller-Harvey2, Ronald H. Brown2, Chris Drake2, John H. Grabber1. (1) U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, ARSUSDA, Madison, Wisconsin, (2) Univ. of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, United Kingdom Integration of crosspeak contours of H/C-2’,6’ signals from prodelphinidin (PD) and of H/C-6’ signals from procyanidin (PC) units in 1H-13C HSQC NMR
spectra of condensed tannins yielded nuclei adjusted PC/PD estimates that were highly correlated with PC/PD ratios obtained by thiolysis
(R2 = 0.99) with benzyl mercaptan. Cis/trans flavanol ratios, obtained by integration of the respective H/C-4 cross-peak contours, were also
related to determinations made by thiolysis (R2 = 0.89). The method was developed using a diverse array of 22 condensed tannin (CT)
fractions from 9 plant species and fractions containing 44 to ~100 g CT/100 g fraction, PC/PD ratios ranging from 0/100 to 99/1, and
cis/trans ratios from 58/42 to 95/5 as determined by thiolysis. Overall, 1H-13C HSQC NMR appears to be a viable alternative to thiolysis for
estimating PC/PD and cis/trans ratios of CT if precautions are taken to avoid integration of cross-peak contours of contaminants.
AGFD 51 Impact by condensed tannins with different mean degrees of polymerization on protein precipitation Wayne Zeller1,
[email protected], Michael L. Sullivan1, Irene Mueller- Harvey2, John H. Grabber1, Aina Ramsay2, Chris Drake2, Ronald H.
Brown2. (1) U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, ARS-USDA, Madison, Wisconsin, (2) Univ. of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and
Development, United Kingdom Condensed tannins (CTs) isolated from white clover (Trifolium repens) flowers and big trefoil (Lotus
pedunculatus) leaves were evaluated in precipitation studies with bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (LYS) and alfalfa leaf protein
(ALF). The CTs were of similar compositions but differed in their mean degree of polymerization (mDP); medium CTs with mDP ~9 and
large CTs with mDP ~18. At pH 6.5, large CTs exhibited similar protein precipitation behaviors and were significantly more effective
precipitants than medium CTs. All CTs precipitated ALF more effectively than BSA or LYS. Medium CTs exhibited similar capacities to
precipitate ALF, but showed small but significant differences in their capacity to precipitate BSA and LYS. Aggregation of CT-protein
complexes may have contributed to ALF and BSA but not LYS precipitation. This study, one of the first to use CTs of confirmed high purity,
demonstrates that mDP of CTs influences protein precipitation efficacy.
AGFD 52 Determination of amygdalin in apple seeds, fresh apples, and processed apple juices Islamiyat Bolarinwa,
[email protected]. Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola Univ. of Technolog, Ogbomoso, Nigeria Cyanogenic
glycosides are natural plant toxicants. Action by endogenous plant enzymes can release hydrogen cyanide causing potential toxicity issues for
animals including humans. We have quantified amygdalin in seeds from different apple varieties, determined the effects of processing on the
amygdalin content of apple juice and quantified amygdalin in commercially-available apple juices. Amygdalin contents of seeds from fifteen
varieties of apples ranged from 1 mg g-1 to 4 mg g-1. The amygdalin content of commercially-available apple juice was low, ranging from
0.01 to 0.04 mg ml-1 for pressed apple juice and 0.001 to 0.007 mg ml-1 for long-life apple juice. Processing led to juice with low amygdalin
content, ranging from 0.01 mg ml-1 to 0.08 mg ml-1. The results presented show that the amygdalin contents of commercially-available
apple juices are unlikely to present health problems to consumers.
AGFD 53 Highly sensitive colorimetric sensors for fumigants Gang Sun, [email protected]. Textiles and Clothing, Univ. of
California, Davis, Fumigants are widely used in agricultural productions in California, and emission of small amount of the fumigant into air
and surrounding areas is a major concern to applicators and residents, particularly children. Some commercially available detection methods
are available but are not convenient to use. Rapid, onsite, economic, easy use and accurate sensors of fumigants are necessary for human
safety and protection of workers. Here we will present the latest progresses in preparation of novel ultra- sensitive sensors for naked-eye
colorimetric detection of MeI and chloropicrin, the most popular fumigants used in California. The prepared sensors have detection limits as
low as 800 ppb for MeBr and 30 ppb for chloropicrin by naked eye. The detection limits found in this study are noticeably lower than the
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) for the chemicals, respectively. The coloration reaction and mechanisms will be discussed.
AGFD 54 Evaluation of biochar in three soil types for nutrient and water retention toward increased crop yield Brandon J. Winters,
[email protected]. Bethel Univ., Saint Paul, Minnesota, Increasing demand for crop yields to boost profits and support ever growing
worldwide populations have forced many farmers to apply more and more supplemental fertilizers. While organic farming is growing in
popularity, the fertilizers being applied in most scenarios easily wash away with heavy precipitation ultimately contaminating downstream
watersheds. Furthermore, global climate changes have the potential to dramatically alter annual precipitation patterns and cumulative
regional volumes. As a result, biochar has been identified as a key player in the search for a feasible solution that is environmentally
responsible. The nutrient retention of a new biochar product in columns of three different types of soil (sand, high organic content black-dirt,
and clay) has been evaluated for 15 essential plant nutrient species. Nutrient masses flushed through each column were evaluated after each
of seven simulated rainfall events of seven inches each. Cation exchange capacities of the soils and biochar along with scanning electron
microscopy of the biochar surfaces were conducted. As expected, based on the nano-scale porous nature of the biochar material, water
retention has been shown to improve with biochar amended to soil. Surprisingly, biochar amended soil also demonstrated faster water
absorption rates. In small-scale testing the biochar has been shown to improve crop yields across the board for each of several different crop
species. Nutrient retention data will be presented.
AGFD 55 Positive role of lignin in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass Yang Huang1,2, Maobing Tu1, [email protected].
(1) Auburn Univ., Auburn, Alabama, (2) Nanjing Forestry Univ., Nanjing, China The interactions between lignin and cellulases play an
important role in the effective enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin removal has been closely associated with pretreatment
efficiency and substrate hydrolysability. However, remarkably we found that organosolv lignins could increase the enzymatic hydrolysis of
Avicel and pretreated biomass. In this study, we quantified the effects of softwood and hardwood organosolv lignins (EOL) on enzymatic
hydrolysis of Avicel based on the initial hydrolysis rate and the 72-h hydrolysis yield. Organosolv lignins were collected from ethanol
organosolv pretreatment of Cottonwood, Willow, Aspen, Eucalyptus and Loblolly pine. It was observed that organosolv lignins from
Cottonwood, Willow and Aspen improved the 72-h hydrolysis yield by 5-13%, while organosolv lignins from Eucalyptus and Loblolly pine
decreased the 72-h hydrolysis yield by 13% and 6%, respectively. Interestingly, EOL from Cottonwood increased the 72-h hydrolysis yield
from 61% to 68% under 5 FPU. On the contrary, EOL from Eucalyptus decreased the 72-h hydrolysis yield from 61% to 53%. The initial
hydrolysis rate (1.11 g/L/h) was less affected by the addition of organosolv lignins. Furthermore, we examined the functional groups and
structural features of these organosolv lignins by 1H and 13C NMR. Our results suggested the organosolv lignins from hardwood play
distinct roles in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulsoic biomass and understanding their distinctive structures has great potential to improve
the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis.
AGFD 56 Green technologies for the generation of value added cotton Sechin Chang, [email protected], Brian Condon, Jade
Smith. USDA- ARS- SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana, Due to its environmentally kindly properties, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and
microwave-assisted reactor are considered in green chemistry as a substitute for organic solvents in chemical reactions. In this presentation,
innovative approaches for preparation of flame retardant cotton fabrics were obtained by utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide and
microwave-assisted reactor with minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost
inorganic formulations or a novel environmentally friendly phosphorus-nitrogen containing small molecules in both innovative procedures
were done successfully. Furthermore, the flame retardant fabrics have been prepared by the layer-by-layer method of branched polymer
containing phosphorus-nitrogen, clay, and inorganic formulations on cotton fabric. The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or
surface modification of cotton fabrics were confirmed by the Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated flammability tests such as 45 degree angle (clothing
textiles test -- ASTM D1230-01; 16 CFR 1610) and vertical (ASTM D6413-08; 16 CFR 1615, 1616) methods. In addition to the thermal
properties of desired products will discuss by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro-scale combustion calorimeter (MCC).
AGFD 57 Structure-property consideration in the development of biobased lubricants Girma Biresaw1, [email protected],
Grigor Bantchev3, Rogers E. Harry- O'kuru3, Rex E. Murray2. (1) USDA ARS, Peoria, Illinois, (2) USDA- Agricultural Research Service
(ARS), Peoria, Illinois, US (3) BOR, USDA- ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois, US Biobased lubricants are developed mainly from commodity
vegetable oils and their derivatives (e.g., fatty acids, methyl ester, epoxidized soybean oil, etc). Unfortunately, vegetable oils are complex
mixtures of complex triglycerides. Thus developing biobased lubricants that are competitive to petroleum based lubricants requires subjecting
vegetable oils and their derivatives to various processes, including to chemical, thermal, and enzymatic modifications. This presentation
looks at the various methods employed to modify vegetable oils and their derivatives. It also looks at the biobased lubricant structures
produced by these methods and the influence of the structures on various lubrication properties.
AGFD 58 Phytotoxic and mosquito larvicidal constituents from Ammi visnaga seeds Kumudini M. Meepagala1,
[email protected], James J. Becnel2. (1) Natural Product MS 38677, Univ of Mississippi Natl Cntr, Univ., (2) USDA,ARS,CMAVE,
Gainesville, Florida, As part of an investigation in search of natural product based agrochemicals and mosquito control agents, ethyl acetate
extract of seeds of Ammi visnaga, a member of Apiaceae family was investigated. Plants in Apiaceae family are known to produce secondary
metabolites with many biological activities. Bioassay guided isolation of the extract led to the isolation of two furanochromones identified by
spectroscopic methods as 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-methyl-5H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5-one (1) and 5,8-dimethoxy-2- methyl-4',5'-furano-6,7-
chromone (2). When these two compounds were tested on seed germination bioassay at 1mg/mL, (2) showed a higher phytotoxicity on
monocots with 100% inhibition than on dicots. (1) was less active. These two compounds showed mosquito larvicidal activity for Ae.aegypti.
Compound (2) showed 100% mortality at 0.25 µg/µL whereas (1) had only 40% mortality at the same concentration for 1st instar larvae.
These compounds were not active as adulticides when tested topically on Ae.aegypti adults.
AGFD 59 Mustard meal extract as a natural herbicide for liverwort control Inna E. Popova, [email protected], Jeremiah S. Dubie,
Matthew J. Morra. PSES, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, Biologically active compounds derived from plants are attractive alternatives to synthetic
pesticides, especially with the recent rise in herbicide resistance in weeds and the increased demand for organic crop production. Mustard
meal (Sinapis alba), which is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, exhibits herbicidal activity toward a wide range of vascular and nonvascular plants in field and greenhouse settings. Here we present a study on the use of mustard meal extracts to control liverwort (Marchantia
p.) in the greenhouse. Mustard meal contains up to 10% by weight of glucosinolates, which in the presence of water enzymatically are
converted to a series of products. Using HPLC/TOF MS, HPLC/UV, and IC we investigated the potential biological activity of these products
and evaluated the possible synergistic action of these products with other matrix components of mustard meal. We have optimized the
preparation scheme and the application of mustard seed meal extracts to achieve liverwort control comparable with commercially used
pesticides. In addition to the low cost, mustard meal extracts are 100% biodegradable, they do not promote mold growth in greenhouse
settings, and are environmentally friendly.
AGFD 60 Phage amplification-based paper-fluidic device for the detection of generic E. coli Samuel D. Alcaine2, Sam R. Nugen1,
[email protected]. (1) 246 Chenoweth Laboratory, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, (2) Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts,
Amherst, As part of the Food Safety Modernization Act, the FDA has proposed new rules requiring farmers to regularly monitor for
“generic” E. coli as an indicator of agricultural water quality. Farmers will need new easy-to-use, rapid, and affordable testing methods to
meet these new rules and respond to changes in water quality. This paper describes a phage amplification-based scheme combined with a
later flow assay for the detection of generic E. coli. The use of bacteriophage as a detection element has several advantages due to their
potential broad host range, short amplification time, and ability to differentiate between viable and non-viable cells. The simplicity,
portability, and reliability of paper fluidic devices make them an ideal platform for testing in resource limited settings like those found onfarm. In this study we (i) developed a later flow assay for the detection of T7 bacteriophage; (ii) investigated the impact of low E. coli
concentrations and initial T7 inoculum on phage amplification; and ( iii) the subsequent impact on our schemes ability to detect E. coli. Our
data indicates that the phage amplification-based lateral flow assay can detect 100 CFU/mL of E. coli following an 8 hour incubation, and
1000 CFU/mL following a 5 hour incubation. The results of this study suggest that, with some modification, a phage amplification-based
lateral flow assay for bacterial detection in a format amenable testing in resource-limited setting is feasible, and potentially expandable to
other bacterial targets and sample matrices.
Reporter Performance for Lateral Flow Assay. Representative strips of three separate trials
using either (A) streptavidin conjugated gold nanoparticles or (B) streptavidin conjugated quantum dots as the visual reporter. Dilutions of
stock T7 were made in LB and 50 μL of the appropriate solution were used to deliver a total PFU as follows: (i) 109.07, (ii) 108.07, (iii)
107.77, (iv)107.07, (v) 106.77, (vi) 106.07, and (0) none. The test lines and control lines are indicated with T and C, respectively.
AGFD 61 Is tomato worth an electron? Bioelectrochemical treatment of waste residues from tomato processing Industry
Venkataramana Gadhamshetty1, [email protected], Alex Fogg2, [email protected]. (1) Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf
Coast Univ., Fort Myers, Chemistry, Princeton , Naples, Florida, The Tomato industry is one of the leading multi-billion dollar industries in
the World. The Fresh and Processed tomatoes have been reported to account for nearly $2 Billion cash receipts every year. After China, the
US is the world’s leading producer of Tomatoes. In addition to the voluminous amount of tomato production, the US generates nearly 39
million metric tons of pomace waste on annual basis. While pomace represents untapped nutrition, the disposal of the pomace is considered a
financial burden to the processing industry. Here, we report preliminary studies on the use of pomace as the feedstock for electricity
production using microbial fuel cells. This technology operates two obvious advantages: i) provides a low-cost option for the treatment of
high-strength wastes, and ii) sustainable electricity production. The electrical performance of the proposed system was rated at 125 W/m2
and 500 mA/m2. We provide a detailed discussion on the impedance factors that resist the biological oxidation of pomace in fuel cells.
AGFD 62 Herbicide metabolism database Jianhua YAO, [email protected], Wenli Xu, Ming Lin, Jing Hu, Qinghong Tang.
Shanghai Inst. of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical
transformations within the cells of living organisms[1]. Herbicides are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants [2]. Herbicide metabolism
exists not only in living organisms but also in the environment (outside of living organisms). In the world, there are many researchers who
study metabolites of one or several herbicides by chemical or biological approaches and publish their observations. In order to make use of
these results efficiently, herbicide metabolism database was considered. Herein, design of data structure of the database, collection of
metabolism data, normalization of the data and extract chemical
AGFD 63 Understanding physical-chemical, biological (antioxidant) and optical properties of natural polyphenols at an atomisticscale Patrick Trouillas1,2, [email protected], Michal Otyepka2. (1) INSERM UMR850 - School of Pharmacy - Université de
Limoges, Limoges, France (2) Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Olomouc, Czech Republic Quantum calculations
(mainly DFT) and molecular dynamics are increasingly effective tools to evaluate and predict physico-chemical properties of food flavonoids
and polyphenols, providing molecular guidelines for better and safer use. Free Radical Scavenging Capacity. Thermodynamic parameters
(mainly bond dissociation enthalpies -BDE- of the O-H phenolic bond) allowed an accurate prediction of the antioxidant capacities of natural
polyphenols. Based on the Transition State and the Marcus Theories (for atom- and electron-transfers, respectively), kinetics was also
evaluated providing a better prediction of the antioxidant behavior in solution or in the organism. Pro-oxidant effects have also been studied
for flavonoids and stilbenoids, mainly showing their capacity to form dimers and oligomers after oxidation. Interaction with Lipid Bilayer
Membranes. Molecular dynamics is a much promising tool, complementary to experimental measurements, to provide an accurate picture of
interactions between food flavonoids&polyphenols and lipid bilayer membranes, predicting membrane penetration / accumulation / crossing /
positioning / orientation / partitioning. Pigmentation and Optical Properties. TD-DFT is an effective tool to reproduce the capacity of natural
polyphenols to absorb UV/Vis. light. The accurate prediction of spectroscopic shifts and modulation of oscillator strength helps understand
pigmentation and co-pigmentation (mainly driven by π-stacking interaction). The quantum tool is much promising for practical applications
in wine and food chemistry to tune pigmentation.
AGFD 64 Beyond ORAC: Dietary polyphenolics as metal-binding antioxidants and food preservatives Nathan R. Perron, Hsiao C.
Wang, Julia L. Brumaghim, [email protected]. Dept. of Chemistry, Clemson Univ., Clemson, South Carolina, Oxygen radical
absorbance capacity (ORAC) measurements are widely used to quantify polyphenolic scavenging of radical species, a measure that has been
used for a wide range of applications from food preservatives to dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. Recently, however, the
validity of ORAC and other radical scavenging assays to evaluate polyphenol antioxidant activity has been questioned. We have determined
that iron binding rather than radical scavenging is the primary mechanism for polyphenol prevention of oxidative DNA damage, both in vitro
(IC50 values of 1-59 µM) and in E. coli (IC50 values of 3-100 µM). This antioxidant activity can be predicted for a variety of polyphenolics
using calculated pKa and hydrophobicity values, thus enabling identification of more effective polyphenolic compounds as dietary
supplements and food preservatives.
AGFD 65 Antiglycation activity of tannic acid in ovalbumin-glucose model system Halise Gul Akillioglu, [email protected], Vural
Gökmen. Dept. of Food Engineering, Hacettepe Univ., Ankara, Turkey At the initial stage of Maillard reaction, glucose reacts with lysine
residues of the protein to give the condensation product N-fructoselysine (FL). This early glycation product then undergoes further reactions
to give the formation of advanced glycation product, N- carboxymethyllysine (CML). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are
responsible for several age-related metabolic disorders; such as diabetes, renal failure, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Dietary intake of exogenous AGEs may cause their accumulation in blood stream and in tissue proteins, then undergoing further reactions in
the body. Therefore, inhibition of glycation is of particular importance for both medical and food science investigations. Inhibitory activity of
polyphenols on protein glycation has been previously reported by others. However, there is a lack of appropriate approach to express the
degree of inhibition taking into account the mechanism of glycation reaction. This study aimed to investigate in-depth the inhibition of
protein glycation by polyphenols during heating. Model systems composed of ovalbumin, glucose, and tannic acid at different molar ratios
were heated at 90°C in dry state for different times upto 1 h. Controls were the model systems composed only of ovalbumin and glucose
heated under the same conditions. Heated samples were analyzed for FL to monitor the progression of early glycation stage. Comparing to
control, presence of tannic acid decreased significantly the amounts of FL formed in the model system during heating (p<0.05). From a
kinetic point of view, the rate of FL formation was inhibited by a factor exceeding 70% in the presence of tannic acid. The results revealed
that interaction of ovalbumin with tannic acid prevents significantly its glycation during extreme heating conditions, offering tannic acid as a
potent anti-glycative agent.
AGFD 66 Carbonyl-scavenging ability of phenolic compounds: A second barrier defense against the damage caused by lipid
oxidation and oxidative stress Rosario Zamora, Francisco J. Hidalgo, [email protected]. Lipid Characterization and Quality, CSICInstituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds have long been shown to be a major barrier against lipid
oxidation and oxidative stress. However, phenolic compounds have also the ability of reacting with carbonyl compounds, being their lipidderived carbonyl- scavenging properties much lesser known than their antioxidative properties. Nevertheless, these properties can constitute a
second defense to protect foods and living beings against the damage produced by lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. The objective of this
study was to determine the structural characteristics of phenolic compounds required for exhibiting carbonyl-scavenging properties and to
compare them with the structural features required for exhibiting antioxidative properties. By using model systems, the reaction of different
phenolic compounds (including o-, m-, p- dihydroxy, and trihydroxy derivatives) with a variety of lipid oxidation products was studied and
the produced oxidized lipid-phenol adducts characterized, therefore confirming that some phenols are able to scavenge lipid-derived carbonyl
compounds. As a consequence of these reactions, the lipid-derived reactive carbonyls are removed from the media and their capacity to
modify nucleophiles neutralized. In addition, the obtained results showed that the structural requirements for exhibiting carbonyl- scavenging
properties were different and complementary to those required for exhibiting antioxidative properties, therefore suggesting that the main
protective function of each phenol (or of a part of the phenol molecule in complex phenols) is determined by its structure.
AGFD 67 Phenolic acids: Precursors for desirable aroma-active compounds and the undesirable toxicologically relevant styrene in
wheat beer Michael Granvogl2, [email protected], Daniel Langos3, Peter H. Schieberle1. (1) Technical Univ of Munich,
Freising, Germany (2) Technical Univ. of Munich, Garching, Germany (3) German Research Center for Food Chemistry, Freising, Germany
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, known as a degradation product of ferulic acid, has often been suggested as an important aroma compound of
wheat beer, a specialty of Bavarian breweries. Its formation can occur either by thermally induced or enzymatically induced decarboxylation
of the phenolic acid during wort processing and/or yeast fermentation. However, although the same type of reaction is possible for pcoumaric acid, vanillic acid, or cinnamic acid, up to now, the role of the respective degradation products for the overall beer flavor is not
clarified in detail. Because styrene, the degradation product of cinnamic acid, has recently been classified as “possibly carcinogenic to
humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), this study was initiated to re-investigate the role of the phenolic
derivatives in the overall aroma of wheat beer, and, to suggest mitigation strategies for styrene formation. Therefore, the key aroma
compounds of a premium Bavarian wheat beer with a pronounced wheat beer aroma were identified and quantitated using the Sensomics
concept. By combining all aroma compounds in the genuine concentration occurring in the wheat beer, an aroma recombinate eliciting the
typical aroma of wheat beer was obtained. While 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylphenol contributed to the overall aroma, 2methoxyphenol and styrene did not play a role. The analysis of the phenolic derivatives in different wheat beers revealed clear differences in
their overall concentrations, while one beer did neither contain styrene nor significant amounts of the other phenolic compounds. Besides
clarifying the role of yeasts in the formation mechanism, possibilities to mitigate the formation of styrene, without influencing the typical
beer flavor, by modifying the malting process will be discussed in the presentation.
AGFD 68 Effect of nano size reduction on absorption and bioavailability of calcium from fortified milk powder in rats Hamed
Mirhosseini, [email protected], arezoo erfanian, Mohd Yazid Abd Manap, babak rasti, Shuhaimi Bin Mustafae. Universiti Putra
malaysia, Serdang, Se, Malaysia Calcium is an important mineral especially for the elderly. The average intake of calcium by the elderly
women has been shown to be below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The amount of calcium absorption and calcium
bioavailability in menopausal women is low. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of fortification and preparation
conditions on the absorption and bioavailability of calcium in milk powder formulation specific for menopause women. Skim milk powder
(T1, basal formulation), skim milk powder fortified with calcium carbonate, inulin, EPA+ DHA, vitamins D3, B6 and K1 (T2 formulation)
were formulated based on WHO-RDA recommendation for menopausal women. The ingredients were blended using high speed mixer for 5
minutes. The basal and fortified formulas were fed to ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX-osteoporosis (OVX-OS) rats. The serum calcium
(mmol/l), bone calcium content (%), bone breaking strength (maximum load, N), and bone morphology were measured to evaluate calcium
absorption (%) and bioavailability (%). The effect of particle size (PS, nm) on absorption and bioavailability of calcium on OVX and OVXOS rats was studied. Optimization on cycle (times) and pressure (bar) of high-pressure homogenizer was done to produce T2-nano and
formula. In-vivo study of calcium absorption and bioavailability in OVX and OVX-OS rats demonstrated that calcium fortification increase
absorption and bioavailability. The results provided that absorption and bioavailability of calcium in OVX-OS rats increased with
consumption of T2-nano compared with T2. Therefore, the best milk powder for OVX-OS rats was T2-nano formula with the positive effect
of size reduction. The current study revealed that OVX rats exhibited higher calcium bioavailability and absorption than OVX-OS rats.
AGFD 69 Green synthesis and electrospray atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectral studies of hydrazinocurcumin: A
potentially important derivative for intestinal absorption studies at the nanolevel Bishambar Dayal1,2, [email protected], Apexa
Mehta1,2, Deepti Kulkarni1,2, Ashutosh Pandey3, Shao-Gang Li4, Michael A. Lea5. (1) Medicine, NJMS Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ (2)
Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers NJMS Univ., Newark, NJ (3) Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular
Genetics, NJMS Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ (4) Medicine, NJMS Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ A facile microwave-induced synthesis of
hydrazinocurcumin having Potent Antiproliferative HT 29 Colon Carcinoma Cell line specificity has been achieved. Microwave irradiation
promoted intermolecular cycloaddition of curcuminoids in methanol (40 mgs, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin)
with 1 molar/hydrazine/THF and triethylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid was performed in the domestic microwave
oven (MW). The reaction mixture after gentle stirring was carefully heated in the MW for 50 seconds at 5 seconds interval providing a major
hydrazinocurcumin derivative in 80% yield. After evaporation of methanol under nitrogen the resultant mixture was resolved and analyzed
via analytical and preparatory thin-layer chromatography (Aluminium backed pre-coateed SIL G/UV254 TLC plates in the solvent system:
CHCl3:CH3OH (20:8 v/v). The major extremely polar hydrazinocurcumin and its analogs were only visible in iodine chamber providing
hydrazinocurcumin (Rf=0.20), hydrazinodemethoxycurcumin (Rf=0.16) and hydrazinobisdemethoxycurcumin (Rf=0.14). The electrospray
atmospheric pressure ionization (ES-API) mass spectra of the hydrazinocurcumin provided a major fragment ion at m/z 217 characteristic of
this derivative and derived from the molecular ion at m/z=366 [M+H]+. The parent curcumin metabolites were analyzed TLC solvent system
(CHCl3: CH3OH, 19:1 (v/v) were visualized and detected only under UV light. Their ES- API mass spectra in the positive ion mode
provided m/z 309 [M+H]+, m/z 339 [M+H]+ and m/z 369 [M+H]+ and ES-API in (-ion mode) provided m/z 307, 337 and 367 respectively.
The reaction reported here was completed in 50 seconds in comparison to the literature reported which takes 24 hours for completion. This
facile methodology for synthesizing hydrazinoderivatives will be extremely useful for studying their effect on the growth of various cell lines
specificities as potent chemopreventive agents and inhibitors of endothelial cell proliferation.These studies will be also helpful in modulation
of DNA methylation and gene expression changes (epigenetic alterations) in colorectal cancer cells.
AGFD 70 Enhanced lymphatic transport of nutraceuticals by food grade lipid based nanoparticles Mingfei Yao,
[email protected], David J. McClements, Hang Xiao. UMASS Dept of Food Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts, Many lipophilic
components in foods (eg., carotenoids and flavonoids) have potential to prevent diseases like cancer and heart disease. However, their
application as nutraceuticals in functional foods and beverages is currently limited due to their low bioavailability. Bioavailability of these
lipophilic nutraceuticals can be greatly enhanced by incorporating them into food grade lipid-based nanoparticles through enhancing their
solubility in gastrointestinal fluids, decreasing first-pass metabolism in the gut and liver by incorporated into chylomicrons. Here, we
investigated the influence of fatty acid type on the properties of mixed micelles, cellular lipid droplets and chylomicrons, and on the
bioavailability of 5-hydroxy-6, 7,8,3′, 4′-pentamethoxylflavone (5-DN) in Caco-2 cell monolayer model. We also examined the effects of
lipid type of nanoparticles on the lymphatic transport of 5-DN. Our results have important implications for the design of lipid nanoparticlebased delivery systems for lipophilic nutraceuticals by targeting them to the lymphatic circulation.
AGFD 71 Nanocompositions for enhancing shelf life and quality of fruits, vegetables, and flowers Gopi Paliyath1,
[email protected], Priya Padmanabhan1, Suramya Mihindukulasurya3, Janavi G.J.4, Islam El Sharkawy1, Subramanyan Jayasankar1,
Loong-Tak Lim2, Alan Sullivan1, Subramanyan K.S.4, Gunasekaran R4, Karanbir Singh Gill5. (1) Uguelph Dept Plant AG Bovey, Guelph,
Ontario, Canada (2) Dept of Food Science, Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (3) Food Science, Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (4)
Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ., Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India (5) Horticulture/Fruit Science, Punjab
Agricultural Univ., Ludhiana, Punjab, India Nanocompositions were formulated using the phospholipase D inhibitor hexanal as the principal
active ingredient. Several temperate fruits such as cherry, peach, strawberry, apple, grape; tropical fruits such as mango, tomato and guava,
were subjected preharvest spray treatments and postharvest dips using aqueous compositions of hexanal. Such treatments enhanced the shelf
life and quality parameters of these fruits. Storage life of mango, guava, and tomato could be enhanced over three times its normal observed
shelf life. Exposure of some fruits to vapour treatment emanating from electrospun nanofibres was equally effective. The composition was
safe to common insect populations in orchards. Transcriptome analyses of treated fruits revealed downregulation of several genes involved in
ethylene biosynthesis, pectin and cell wall degradation. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase showed
enhanced activity in treated fruits. The results show that hexanal treatment modulates enzymatic pathways, overall improving shelf life and
quality of horticultural produce.
AGFD 72 Investigation of materials for the removal of arsenic from foodstuffs Travis Reed1, [email protected], Allen W.
Apblett2. (1) Chemistry, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, (2) Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, Contamination of arsenic species have been
found in various natural water systems and widely sold foodstuffs. These contaminants can have ill effects on human health, especially, on
the very young. Arsenic contamination in juice has been given quite a bit of attention and even causing an action limit of 10 ppb to be put
into place by the FDA to match that for potable water set by the EPA. The development of materials that can be used for removal of arsenic
from these products is of importance to help allow for safer drinking for communities world-wide. Nanocrystalline iron and zinc
oxyhydroxides and their solid solutions have been shown to uptake arsenic from various aqueous real life samples. These materials have the
benefit being easy to synthesize by the low temperature decomposition of the metal pyruvic acid oxime salts leading to the only byproducts
being small volatile organic fragments and the metal oxide. This study will discuss the treatment of arsenic contaminated samples and
foodstuffs by iron/zinc oxyhydroxides.
AGFD 73 Bionanosensor adjusting the farming cultural practices in emergent nations Julia Reyes3,2, [email protected], Nathalie D.
Becerra-Mora1, Yuri Moreno2, Claudia L. Macias2, Natalia A. Mariño2, Ayush Kohli4, Punit Kohli3. (1) Chemistry, Southern Illinois
Univ., Carbondale, (2) UPTC, Tunja, Colombia (3) Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, (4) Computer Science,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, Food safety and environmental protection is an important issue for emergent developing nations due to
source limitation. The pesticide application is a general farming activity for many crops including potato which is a staple food for many
millions of people in developing countries. Over use of pesticide harms both human health and environment. We have used interactions
between pesticide and enzyme-tagged liposomes to develop user-friendly colorimetric pesticide biosensors for pesticide sensing. These
sensors can be used in field by the farmers. The lipid bilayer of liposomes included 10,12- pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), 1, 2-dimyristoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and an activator of zero length N-hydroxysuccinamide-PCDA (PCDA-NHS) were used for liposome
composition for covalent binding of enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (AChe), tyrosinase or glucose oxidase (GOX)) on the liposome surface.
The enzyme-pesticide interactions affected the conjugation length of polydiacetylene backbone (PDA) causing a blue-to-red colorimetric
transition that can be visible to naked eye. Three common pesticides and herbicides in standard and commercial products were tested by
exploiting the colorimetric response (%CR) of PDA bionanostructures in solution or immobilized on paper test strips. We demonstrate the
development of a liposome-based bionanosensor for detecting a quaternary nitrogen heterocyclic and two different carbamates used as
herbicides. Our UV-Vis data showed 11%, 35%, and 21% CR in solution for concentrations in the range of 1-10 μM, 1-15 μM, and 10- 100
μM respectively. Also, R-values were correlated using RGB digital image data registered using cell phone camera. The absorbance and Rvalue were found to be proportional to the concentration of these pesticides suggesting use of cell-phone as a detector in field by farmers.
This will alleviate the use of spectrophotometer. In-situ determination of the banned and restricted pesticides by liposome-based sensors
offers opportunity for farmers thereby helping in enhancing the food safety and environmental sustainability for resource-limited countries.
AGFD 74 Thermal stability of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins: A comparative study Yan Wu2, [email protected],
Tong-Jen Fu1. (1) Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U.S. FDA , Bedford Park, Illinois, (2) Inst. for Food Safety and
Health, Illinois Inst. of Technology, Bedford Park, Thermal stability has been proposed as a criterion to assess the allergenic potential of
genetically modified foods, but there is a lack of information on relative thermal stability of food allergens vs. nonallergens. Various methods
are used to determine the thermal stability of proteins, including the BCA total protein assay, inhibition ELISA assay, Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC) and Far-UV Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy (CD). This study compared the thermal stability of several paired food
allergens (bovine α-lactalbumin, peanut lectin, soybean trypsin inhibitor) and nonallergens (human α- lactalbumin, concanvalin A, lima bean
trypsin inhibitor) by measuring the changes in their solubility, antigenicity, and thermodynamic properties after thermal treatment. Bovine αlactalbumin (ALA) retained its solubility after boiling or autoclaving in water or in PBS. The solubility of human ALA was not affected in
most cases but decreased by ~50% after autoclaving in water. Based on CD analyses, no thermal transition was observed for bovine ALA,
indicating that the protein maintained its structure during heating. Structural changes were observed in human ALA which exhibited a
transition temperature (Tm) of 93.0℃ or 88.8℃ when heated in PBS or in water, respectively. The antigenicity of bovine ALA increased by 2
fold compared with an increase of 3-20 folds observed in human ALA after boiling or autoclaving. Peanut lectin remained soluble when
heated in water but precipitated upon heating in PBS. Concanvalin A (ConA) was not soluble upon heating in water or in PBS. DSC analyses
revealed a Tm of 167.9℃ or 110.2℃ for peanut lectin or ConA, respectively, under dry heat treatment. Both proteins showed decreased
antigenicity after thermal treatment. Boiling or autoclaving did not affect the solubility of either the soy bean or the lima bean trypsin
inhibitors (STI and LTI). While no structural changes were observed for either protein based on CD analyses, DSC showed a Tm of 64.9℃
when STI was heated in water. For LTI, a Tm of 96.3℃ was observed when the protein was heated in PBS but no transition was observed
when it was heated in water. The antigenicity of STI increased after boiling while that of LTI remained unchanged. In summary, allergens
tend to be equal or more thermally stable than nonallergens with respect to solubility, but there is no consistent trend in the relative thermal
stability of these protein pairs regarding the antigenicity or the Tm values.
AGFD 75 Grain quality traits in a sorghum association mapping panel Scott Bean, [email protected], Thomas Herald, Jeff D.
Wilson, Priyadarshini Gadgil, Rhett C. Kaufman, Brian P. Ioerger. USDA ARS, Manhattan, Kansas, Grain quality traits were analyzed in a
diverse sorghum sample set which consisted of 174 sorghum lines (110 non-tannin lines and 64 tannin lines). These samples were previously
grouped into five distinct genetic populations which made it possible to compare grain quality traits across the genetic groups. For the nontannin samples, in- vitro protein digestibility (IPVD) was highest in the zerazera-caudatum (60.3%) and caudatum (60.1%) groups, though
there was wide variability across all the groups. However, nine of the 20 lines with the highest IPVD were from the caudatum group (with the
highest line ~80%). Within the non-tannin samples total phenolics were similar across genetic groups though average ORAC values varied.
The durra genetic group had the highest ORAC (61.4 µM Trolox equivalents (TE) /g) with the guinea-caudatum having the lowest (46.0 µM
TE/g). Starch granule size distribution also varied across the non-tannin genetic groups with the guinea-caudatum group having the highest
proportion of A-granules (53.9%) and the caudatum group the lowest (45.9%). Within the tannin samples, IVPD varied from 37.5% (kafir
group) to 55.5% (zerazera- caudatum) and tannin content highest in the durra group (14.1 g catechin equivalents (CE)/kg) and lowest in the
zerazera-caudatum group (4.49g CE/kg). Interestingly, ORAC values were highest in the kafir group (118.4 µM TE/g) with the lowest in the
zerazera-caudatum (70.4 µM TE/g). Tannin content and ORAC value were only loosely correlated (r=0.55) suggesting that tannin chemistry,
not just content, is important in governing anti-oxidant capacity in tannin sorghum lines. The variation of grain quality traits across genetic
groups provides information needed to identify sources of new genetic material for improving the end-use quality of sorghum.
AGFD 76 Factors related to reduced in-vitro protein digestibility in a diverse sorghum population Sherry L. Adrianos,
[email protected], Deidre L. Blackwell, Scott Bean, Brian P. Ioerger, Michael Tilley, Thomas Herald, Priyadarshini Gadgil. USDA ARS,
Manhattan, Kansas, Sorghum grain is an important cereal that thrives under arid growing conditions less tolerated by wheat and corn.
Sorghum is utilized as an animal feed and human food in various parts of the world. However, sorghum grain protein is known for having
reduced in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) compared to other cereals limiting sorghum nutritional quality. Previous research has identified
high digestible sorghum mutants in which misshapen protein bodies were responsible for increased protein digestibility. However, significant
variation in IVPD of wild-type sorghum lines exists and little research has been done to determine what factors govern digestibility in nonmutant sorghum populations. A genetically diverse sorghum association mapping population was analyzed for several factors hypothesized to
be related to IVPD. As expected, tannin content decreased protein digestibility. Non-tannin sorghums averaged 58% digestibility while
tannin containing sorghums averaged only 46%. The tannin containing sorghum lines exhibited a strong negative correlation between tannin
content and IVPD (r= -0.82) as expected. However, within the non-tannin sorghum population, total non-tannin phenolics did not correlate to
digestibility. Physical grain traits including kernel weight, diameter, and hardness did not correlate to IVPD in the non-tannin sorghum
population. Protein cross-linking was analyzed on a subset of non-tannin samples using selective extraction and size exclusion
chromatography. This analysis revealed that the degree of protein cross-linking negatively correlated to IVPD (r= -0.61). The presence of
protease inhibitors also decreased IVPD in sorghum. Phytic acid levels did not correlate with IVPD in a subset of the non-tannin samples.
Further work will include developing biochemical methods to unlock the latent nutrient potential of sorghum grain to attain increased value
of cultivated natural resources through elevated bioavailability. Correlation between tannin content and protein digestibitlity in sorghum
AGFD 77 Smell of the entrance to the heaven: Volatiles from the coffee berry blossom end and their potential applications in pest
managements of coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Yang Yu1, [email protected], Eric Jang1,
Matthew siderhurst2. (1) USDA ARS DKI PBARC, Hilo, Hawaii, (2) Dept. of Chemistry, Eastern Mennonite Univ., Harrisonburg, Virginia,
The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is the most destructive pest of commercial coffee
worldwide. The control of CBB is difficult due to its cryptic life style spending most of its life inside the coffee berry. Previous attempts to
find attractants or repellents from its natural host the coffee berry have not been successful. From the overlooked phenomenon that the
blossom end of a green coffee berry is the only entrance into where CBB bores, we proposed that the blossom end of green coffee berries
contains more attractants and fewer repellents than the remaining part of the berry. Therefore, we carried out a comparison study of the
volatile profiles between the blossom end and remaining coffee berry part. Using a headspace- GC-MS system we found linalool, nonanal, 2methoxyl-3-(2-methylproplyl)-pyrazine and cadalene were significantly higher in the blossom end of non-infested green berries, and 3-ethyl4-methylpentanol and an unknown peak were significantly higher in the blossom end of infested green berries. We further demonstrated in a
field trail that linalool showed repellent activity to CBB infesting Hawaii coffee farms. The results suggested that a green berry that has lesser
amount of linalool in its blossom end than its remaining part is more likely to be infested by CBB. New strategies to control CBB will be
developed based on the current results.
AGFD 78 Influence of plant maturity on anthocyanin levels, phenolic composition, and antioxidant properties of purple basil
(Ocimum basilicum L.) Katie R. McCance, [email protected], Emily D. Niemeyer. Southwestern Univ., Georgetown, Texas,
Phenolic acids and anthocyanins are known to provide many health benefits to humans and are recognized for their antioxidant properties.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of plant maturity on the development of anthocyanins and phenolics in purple basil
(Ocimum basilicum L.) as well as the contribution of these compounds to the herb’s overall antioxidant properties. Cultivar and plant
maturity significantly influenced the total anthocyanin content, analyzed using a modified spectrophotometric method (p=0.002 and
p=0.000, respectively). Plant maturity also played an important role in total phenolic concentrations, determined by the Folin Ciocalteu
method, and individual anthocyanin and phenolic acids, quantified using HPLC, while cultivar’s effect was less apparent. Mass spectrometry
confirmed the identity of the four most abundant individual anthocyanins present in these basil cultivars, and antioxidant capacities of all
basil samples were analyzed using a modified ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.
AGFD 79 Determination of the antioxidant properties of flavanones and flavanone glucuronide metabolites Kathryn A. Costello,
[email protected], Emily D. Niemeyer. Southwestern Univ., Georgetown, Texas, There have been many studies conducted on the
chemical and biological properties of flavonoids themselves, but less research exists about flavonoid metabolites. This study explores
differences in the antioxidant properties of five flavanones (2’- hydroxyflavanone, 3’-hydroxyflavanone, 4’-hydroxyflavanone, 5,7dimethoxy-4’- hydroxyflavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone, and 7-hydroxyflavanone) and their metabolites. Flavanone metabolites were prepared
by glucuronidation with human UDP- glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A enzymes. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
analysis of the reaction of flavanone metabolites and flavanones with the radical scavenging agent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
revealed that three of the five flavanones exhibited antioxidant properties similar to their respective glucuronide metabolites. Two flavanones,
however, exhibited significantly less antioxidant activity than their metabolites. This presentation will discuss how flavanone structure affects
the antioxidant properties of the resulting metabolite.
AGFD 80 Computational analysis of ethylene inhibitors: Methods for predicting fruit ripening antagonist behavior Jon Gold,
[email protected]. Chemistry, East Stroudsburg Univ., Pennsylvania, A variety of demonstrated ethylene antagonists and agonists were
modeled using Spartan’10 (Wavefunction, Inc) to develop a systematic theoretical basis for the identification of potential novel ethylene
antagonists for fruit ripening. It was found that known antagonists yielded HOMO energies at or above the calculated value for ethylene. It
was also found that the known antagonists have LUMO energies lower than ethylene. Subsequently a variety of 1-substituted cyclopropenes
were modeled and their orbital energies calculated. It was observed that as the electron donating ability at the 1-position increased, so did the
HOMO energy. Strongly electron withdrawing 1- substituents had HOMO energies greater than ethylene and as such are predicted to exhibit
ethylene antagonist behavior. This comparison of the empirical and theoretical data suggests a relatively simple methodology for predicting
the antagonistic behavior of novel candidate compounds.
AGFD 81 Chiral and achiral profiling of a pesticide formulation using ultraperformance convergence chromatography (UPC2) with
PDA and mass detection Marian Twohig, [email protected], Michael O'Leary, Peter G. Alden. Waters Corporation, Milford,
Massachusetts, Research associated with the development of new agricultural pesticide formulations centers around the design of products
that provide highly effective and specific action towards the target organism with reduced application rates. It is estimated that 25-30% of the
pesticides on the market today have optical isomers. However, the desired activities often result from one single enantiomer in the optical
isomer mixtures. It is therefore important to assess the enantiomeric purity of the chiral active ingredients in the formulation. In addition, the
detection, characterisation and quantitation of the other components in the formulation are necessary to support product registration as well as
product quality. There has been an increasing adoption of using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) on chiral stationary phases (CSP)
for chiral resolutions. UltraPerformance Convergence Chromatography (UPC2) applies the performance advantages of UPLC to SFC,
combining the use of supercritical CO2 with sub-2-µm particle columns. UPC2 is an orthogonal analytical technique to reversed-phase LC
and can be used to solve complex separations challenges. A 3.0 x 100 mm, 1.7 µm silica column and methanol co-solvent were used for the
achiral separation and an amylose 3.0 x 150 mm, 2.5 µm column provided optimum separation of the stereoisomers. Diastereomeric
resolution of propiconazole (a triazole fungicide) was carried out using CO2 as the primary mobile phase and (50:50) 2- propanol/ethanol as
the co-solvent. Flow-rates of 1.5 mL/min were used for both the achiral and chiral separations. Detection was by photodiode array (PDA) and
mass detection. Empower 3 was used for data acquisition and processing. A combination of UV and mass detection were used in the
analytical profiling of a triazole-containing pesticide formulation. The formulated product sample was evaluated using an achiral separation,
a minor isomer of the active ingredient (AI) was identified. Further chiral analyses revealed similar chirality between the minor isomer and
the AI. The spectral information from both detectors allowed the minor components to be characterised as probable stereoisomers.
AGFD 82 Effectiveness of flocculants on inorganic and metallic species removal during aerobic digestion of wastewater from poultry
processing plant Nanh Lovanh, [email protected], John H. Loughrin, Kimberly Cook, Karamat Sistani, Phil Silva. FAESRU,
USDA-ARS, Bowling Green, Kentucky, Large amount of water is used for processing of our food supplies, especially in meat processing
plants. The resulting amount of wastewater cannot be discarded freely back into natural settings due to regulatory mandates, whether the
sinks would be rivers, ponds, or other natural systems. These wastewater streams need to be treated first before they can legally be discharged
to our already polluted water sources. One of the most commonly used treatment processes is the physicochemical treatment of wastewater.
Physicochemical operations such as coagulation and flocculation are important processes in removing pollutants from water and wastewater
treatment plants. During the physicochemical treatments, target pollutants precipitate out from water and wastewater streams due to
coagulation and flocculation processes. During the coagulation processes, ions of metal salt or catalytic polyelectrolyte are used to destabilize
and neutralize charged particles in waste streams. Then, the successful agglomeration of these destabilized particles occurs by the hydraulic
shear force in the rapid mixing during flocculation processes. In this study, the characterization of the efficiency and the efficacy of
flocculants on removing inorganic substances from poultry processing plant’s wastewater stream was carried out. Sodium aluminate was
utilized and compared to other polymer electrolytes for its effectiveness in removing inorganic substances from wastewater stream during
aerobic digestion processes. Based on our results, sodium aluminate was as effective as other polymer electrolytes in removing ammonium
(>85% removal), phosphate (>90%), aluminum (>90%), and iron (>90%), but was not effective in removing other inorganic substances such
as sulfate or nitrate and whole host of metallic substances. Thus, it is important to consider other types of flocculants in targeting the removal
of specific pollutants from wastewater streams, especially wastewater from meat processing plants.
AGFD 83 Novel structural modifications of plant oils Atanu Biswas1, [email protected], H.N. Cheng2. (1) National Center for
Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA Agri Research Service, Peoria, Illinois, (2) Southern Regional Research Center, USDA
Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana, With increased awareness of the need for sustainability and green chemistry, there
has been an increasing interest in using plant oils as raw materials for the production of value-added products. In this poster, a review is made
of the various structural modifications made on plant oils in the authors’ laboratories using a number of reaction pathways. The reactions
include Diels-Alder, ene reaction, transesterification, acid or enzymatic hydrolysis, heat-bodying reaction, epoxidation, formation of
acetonide, aminohydrin, and azidohydrin, click reaction, and polymerization. Many of these reaction pathways produce new triglyceride
structures not previously reported. The properties of selected products have been tested, particularly in lubricant applications to enhance
viscosity, thermal stability, or mechanical wear. Commercial feasibility of these products will depend on the price and the availability of
plant oils relative to petroleum crude, the cost-effectiveness of the new products, and the response from manufacturers of petroleum-based
products.
AGFD 84 QSAR and density functional approaches to evaluate trichothecene toxicity and detection Michael Appell2,
[email protected], Wayne B. Bosma1. (1) Mund-Lagowski Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley Univ., Peoria, Illinois,
(2) Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycology Research, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois, Occasionally, agricultural commodities
are contaminated with molds capable of producing structurally related trichothecene metabolites at levels associated with food safety risks. A
comprehensive study on 34 trichothecene mycotoxins and biosynthetic precursors was conducted using density functional theory and
Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationships (QSAR) to develop economical tools to evaluate toxicity and false-positive detection results.
Distinct differences between Type A and B trichothecenes are observed in frontier orbital properties obtained at the B3LYP/6- 311+G(d,p)
level with Type B trichothecenes possessing significantly larger electrophilicity index compared to type A trichothecenes. B3LYP/631G(d,p) density functional molecular dynamics simulations on deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and T-2 toxin using the COSMO implicit water
solvent suggest intramolecular interactions remain significant in water. QSAR models were developed using 1- and 2-dimensional descriptors
to describe cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and detection cross-reactivity. Important descriptors of toxicity and immunochemical detection
models include spatial autocorrelation indices (Moran and Geary) and Burden matrices.
AGFD 85 Cross species amplification of thirteen distinct microsatellite loci in Z. aquatica Brendan J. Pinto, [email protected].
Dept Biology, Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, US Z. aquatica (wild rice) is an annual emergent aquatic grass with significant
ecological importance which is related closely to Z. palustris that produces an edible grain. According to the National Resources
Conservation Service Dept. (USDA), Z. aquatica is native throughout Canada and to the U.S. from Minnesota to Florida and Maine.
Although native to such a large area, severe geographical changes, due to human activities, have led to a drastic reduction in habitat. This
species is protected by law in several states (OH, RI, and PA). In order to conserve this plant species, new information about its genetic
diversity must be discovered, including the ability to fingerprint specific individuals and populations. In this study, we show the utility of
cross-species amplification of genetic diversity markers (microsatellites) originally isolated in Z. palustris, and screened against individuals
from a wild population of Z. aquatica.
AGFD 86 Influence of biological fertilization on seed production of winter wheat Daniela Trifan2, [email protected], Marcel
Bularda2,1. (1) "Dunarea de Jos" Univerity of Galati, Braila, Romania (2) Research Dept., Agricultural Research and Development Station of
Braila, Romania This paper presents a two factorial experience (variety, with three graduation = Glosa, Izvor and Boema, and type of
fertilizer, with two graduation = chemical and biological) that performed in the agricultural year 2013-2014, in pedo-climatic conditions of
North Baragan Plain, Romania, in the seed crops of wheat pre-base II. Chemical fertilization was achieved with NPK complex fertilizers 18-46-0, the dose of 204kg / ha in autumn and urea dose of 175kg / ha in spring. Biological fertilization was performed with Algafix product
that contains species of green algae Scenedesmus obtisausculus, applied at a dose of 1 l / ha in spring. Chemical analyzes were made of soil
and plant leaf extract and biometric measurements also, for each experimental variant, in the main phases of vegetation. At harvest were
determined elements of productivity and quality indicators of wheat seeds, achieving correlations between methods of fertilization and seed
quality obtained. Qualitative differences were obtained in both varieties, with higher values of quality indicators in biological fertilized
variants compared to chemically fertilized variants. The best results were obtained by the Glosa variety fertilized with Algafix, economic
efficiency calculation showing that biological fertilization can brings a significant increase of profit between 10-18% in wheat seed crops.
AGFD 87 Sorption of organic dyes by straw biochar and its effective factor Xueqin Ji, Li Lyu, [email protected], Chunping Yang.
School of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang Univ., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China The sorption of two
organic dyes, methylene blue and sunset yellow by biochar with two different pyrolytic temperatures (500℃ and 700℃) was studied. The
effective factors such as reaction temperature, pH and sulfate concentration were also discussed. The kinetic data fitted well by pseudo
second-order model and the equilibrium sorption data were best described by the Freundlish model for both the two dyes. However the
sorption mechanisms of biochar for methylene blue and sunset yellow were different. The cationic methylene blue was mainly sorbed onto
the biochar surface by cationic exchange, and the sunset yellow was mainly sorbed to the biochar by the π-π interaction between its aromatic
ring and the aromatic structure in biochar. As the increase of pyrolytic temperature, more aromatic structure formed in biochar accompanied
by loss of H- and O-containing groups, so that the ionic electrostatic attraction from methylene blue and biochar was decreased while the π-π
interaction from sunset yellow and biochar was increased. The removal efficiency of the two organic dyes by biochar can be enhanced by
increasing the reaction temperature from 5℃ to 45℃. The variation of pH from 3 to 7 and concentration of sulfate from 25 mg·L-1 to 2500
mg·L-1 did not show obvious effect to the removal of the two organic dyes by biochar from aqueous solution. Key words: biochar; sorption;
sunset yellow; methylene blue; factors
AGFD 88 Detoxification with enzymes for tung meal Ruihua Liu, [email protected]. College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Wuhan Textile Univ., Wuhan, Hubei, China Tung meal, a byproduct from tung oil extraction process, could be useful as
animal feedstock or fertilizer because of its high protein content. But, tung meal usually contains toxins such as saponin, albumin and
palmityl. Detoxification is necessary to fully utilize tung meal as animal feedstock. A two-step process, wet soaking and extraction, was used
in tung meal detoxification. In the aqueous soaking, enzymes amylase and cellulase 6 were applied. Both amylase and cellulase can improve
the detoxification efficiency, while amylase showed more effective. The data also indicated a synergic effect when both amylase and celluase
were used together in the experiments. In extraction process, butanol was selected in the consideration of solubility to toxins and proteins.
The low temperature process was successfully scaled up. Tung meal after detoxification treatment was suitable for animal feeding. The toxins
was efficiently removed. The detoxified tung meal can be directly used, or can be used to mix with other plant protein as animal feed
AGFD 89 Distribution and enantiomeric profiles of organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea,
and Arctic Ocean Meiqing Jin1, [email protected], Bin Xue2, Shanshan Zhou3. (1) College of Materials Science and Environmental
Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi Univ., Hangzhou, China (2) Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Inst. of
Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China (3) Top Key Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
Univ. of Technology, Hangzhou, China Forty surface sediment samples were collected from Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, and Arctic Ocean
during the Third China Arctic Research Expedition from July to September in 2008 to study the distribution and enantiomeric profiles of
organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The total OCPs concentrations were analyzed to be 1-2.87, 1-3.01, and 1.02- 3.74 ng/g dry weight in
Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean, respectively. The predominance of β-HCH and the α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios suggested historical use
of technical HCHs dominated in this area. Compositional analysis of DDTs indicated fresh sources of DDTs in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea,
while the residues in the Arctic Ocean were most contributed by past usage. Ratios of TC/CC were mostly greater than 1.17, implying fresh
input pattern. The enantiomeric profiles were also analyzed, and enantioselective degradation of α-HCH and o,p’-DDT were found in most of
the samples, which confirmed the predominance of historical usage for HCH and DDT. These results implied that enantiomeric profiles
should be taken into consideration when assessing the possible pollution sources and environmental fate of chiral OCPs.
AGFD 90 Enhanced anti-ultraviolet and thermal stability of a pesticide by modification of a volatile organic compound (VOC)-free
vinyl-silsesquioxane in severe environments Derong Lin1, [email protected], Xiao Han2, Lijiang Hu2. (1) Food Science, Sichuan
Agricultural Univ., Ya'an, Sichuan, China (2) Dept. of Chemistry, Harbin Inst. of Technology, Harbin, China Conventional pesticide
applications repeatedly failed to adequately control mosquito and sandfly populations in desert areas, due to effects of either intense heat,
blowing sand, ultraviolet light and/or combinations of them under severe environmental conditions. In this study, a vinyl silsesquioxane (VS)
was added to a pesticide (citral) to enhance residual, thermal and anti-ultraviolet properties via three double-bond reactions in the presence of
an initiator: (1) the connection of VS and citral, (2) a radical self- polymerization of VS and (3) a radical self-polymerization of citral. VScitral, the expected and main product of the copolymerization of VS and citral, was characterized using standard spectrum techniques which
were validated by the quantum chemical calculation (QCC) and molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) of transition state energy (Et) and
activation energy (Ea). Anti-ultraviolet and thermal stability properties of the VS-citral system were tested using scanning spectrophotometry
(SSP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). QCC and MDS were also employed to calculate the density of state (DOS) and the energy-band
structure (EBS) for a validation of the anti- ultraviolet property from the modified system. Key Words：silsesquioxane (SSO); pesticide
(citral); polymerization; the quantum chemical calculation (QCC); simulation.
AGFD 91 Antilipidemic actions of the dietary fiber extract of soybean residues in Kunming mice Derong Lin1,
[email protected], Zongcai Tu2. (1) College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Ya'an, Sichuan, China (2) College of Life
Science, Jiangxi Normal Univ., Nanchang , Jiangxi, China The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidaemic ability of
the dietary fiber extracted from soybean residues in mice fed with a high cholesterol (HC) diet. its chemical composition was further
determined by GC-MS. We used an animal model to test the hypothesis that SDF, IDF and TDF from soybean residues are able to improve
lipid profile in serum (TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c) and decrease the fatty liver accumulation. The results showed that galactose and glucose
were the major components of the dietary fiber. The dietary fiber significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride and
atherogenic index whereas no significant effect on HDL-C was observed. dietary fiber depressed a high level of liver total cholesterol and
triglyceride. The liver cells of the mice were observed with the optical microscope. It can be concluded that the dietary fiber extracted from
soybean residues contributes to a lipid-lowering action in HC mice. Its anti-hyperlipidaemic action is predominantly due to the suppression of
liver lipid synthesis. Soluble dietary fiber compounds, the main composition of dietary fiber are possibly responsible for the lipid-lowering
effect. Key words: hyperlipidemia; dietary fiber, liver lipid, anti-lipemic function, soybean residues.
AGFD 92 Advanced glycation endproducts may affect digestion and antigen processing of food allergens Christopher P. Mattison1,
[email protected], Jens Dinter2,3, Matthew Berberich2, Si-Yin Chung1, Shawndrika Reed1, Sylvie Le Gall2,3, Casey C.
Grimm1. (1) USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana, US (2) Ragon Inst. of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
(3) Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Food allergens, such as the Ara h 1 peanut protein, can be altered non-enzymatically
by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), and these modifications may affect the pathogenesis of food allergy. Nε-carboxymethyl lysine
(CML) is a commonly used marker for non-enzymatic processing induced AGE modification of food allergens. We evaluated the ability of
digestive, cytosolic, and endolysosomal proteases to cleave CML modified and unmodified Ara h 1 peptides using in vitro assays. Massspectrometric analysis of the digested peptides demonstrated that CML modification renders these peptides refractory to trypsin digestion in
simulated intestinal fluid. The Ara h 1 peptides were very stable in simulated gastric fluid, and were at least as stable as several viral peptides
in the cytosolic and endlysosomal digestion assays. One of the tested peptides contains a lysine residue previously shown to be CML
modified in peanuts and it lies in a previously mapped linear IgE epitope. We did not observe differences in serum IgE binding between the
modified and parental peptides. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism for the increased resistance of thermally processed peanut
allergens, such as Ara h 1, to digestion in intestinal fluid after heating. Our results could help explain how food processing-induced
modifications may lead to more potent food allergens by acting to protect intact IgE epitopes from digestion by proteases.
AGFD 93 Behavior of whey protein concentrates under extreme storage conditions Michael H. Tunick, [email protected].
USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, The overseas demand for whey protein concentrates (WPC) has increased steadily in recent years.
Emergency aid foods often include WPC, but shelf-life studies of whey proteins under different shipment and storage conditions have not
been conducted in the last fifty years. Microbial quality, compound formation, and physical properties of WPC containing 34 and 80%
protein were determined at temperatures of 25, 30, and 35°C at relative humidity levels of 70, 80, and 90% over 18 mo using standard and
high- performance bags. Humidity had no effect on the powders, but after 12 mo the contents of the bags stored at 35°C turned yellow and
were dropped from the study. Bacteria, yeast, and mold populations did not exceed 3.78 log CFU/g. CH3SSCH3 and (CH3)2SO2
concentrations increased with time as sulfur-containing amino acids broke down. Fill bulk density and powder caking distance increased and
compressibility decreased during storage, indicating that the powders were agglomerating and became less likely to flow. Samples stored in
the high performance bags were much more soluble than those stored in the standard bags. WPC may be stored unopened for a year at 30°C
and elevated humidity.
AGFD 94 Alternative hop processing Chris Knuston, [email protected], Bradley E. Sturgeon. Chemistry, Monmouth College,
Monmouth, Illinois, Hops are added to the brew kettle at different times in order to add specific character to the beer. “Early addition” of
hops primarily add bitterness; “late addition” add primarily flavor and aroma. Hop bitterness comes from the isomerization of α-acids with
effective utilization of not more than 30%. The reason for low utilization is most likely a combination of factors related to both the volatility
of the α-acids as well as degradation of the isomerized α-acids. The contribution of “late addition” hops to the final beer is a result of
essential oils and is not fully understood. Recipe formulations which have a strong hop component add hops throughout the brewing process,
as well as after primary fermentation (dry hopping). This poster will present a collection of data that suggest alternative methods of hop
processing to both increase the utilization of hop alpha-acids and better preserve the essential oils in the final product.
AGFD 95 Mechanism behind the antibacterial properties of hop acid investigated with model cell membranes YeJun Park,
[email protected], Audra Sostarecz. Monmouth College, Monmouth, Illinois, The Langmuir Monolayer technique was used to
investigate the antibacterial properties of the alpha and beta acids found naturally in hops. The surface pressure and molecular area of the
amphiphilic molecules that make up Langmuir monolayers, in this case phospholipids, are monitored at an air-water interface upon
introducing another molecule, hop acids, to the system. Langmuir monolayers are often used as model cell membranes because the change in
molecular area or surface pressure of these phospholipid monolayers is an indication of an increase or decrease in the fluidity of the
membrane. In this research, the monolayer was varied based on the electrostatic nature and hydrogen bonding capability of the phospholipid
used. Phospholipids used included dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), and
dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS). For a more physiological situation for representing gram negative bacteria, Langmuir monolayers of
an E. coli lipid extract and lipopolysaccharide were also investigated. Preliminary data shows that hop acids have some surface activity and
that co-spreading the lipid monolayer and the hop acid solution leads to a more fluid monolayer in all lipid cases which may be indicative of
the antibacterial activity of the hop acids thereby breaking down the lipid film. Future experiments will involve the use of
dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) as a model membrane for gram positive bacterial cells.
AGFD 96 Determination of the presence of flavor- and aroma-affecting compounds in beer resulting from various yeast washing
techniques Daniel Kazal, [email protected], William H. Steel. Physical Sciences, York College of Pennsylvania, The recycling of beer yeast
is an economically essential function to the small scale brewery. While commonly practiced by the majority of professional brewers, quality
control is increasingly compromised with every new generation of recycled yeast. To take preventative measures, a process called yeast
washing is commonly used to cleanse the yeast of possible contaminants. In order to determine the most effective washing method, yeast
from a local microbrewery was obtained to wash and ferment in separate identical batches of beer wort (unfermented beer). After completely
fermenting, the samples were filtered until clear and analysed for the presence of esters, diacetyl, essential oils and other flavor- and aromaaffecting organic compounds in beer by various chromatographic methods. Results were then compared to the original first generation yeast
beer for final evaluation.
AGFD 97 Improving lag time in second-generation washed beer yeast William H. Steel, [email protected]. Physical Sciences, York
College of Pennsylvania, The lag time between the addition of yeast into unfermented beer (wort) and when it begins its anaerobic cycle
opens the door for possible undesirable contaminants in a batch of beer. While new yeast results in a shorter lag time, many homebrewers and
microbreweries elect to reuse their yeast after washing it in order to make their brewing more economical. A variety of washing techniques
are currently used; most invoke either a weak acid or chlorine dioxide as the means by which bacteria are eliminated prior to reusing a batch
of yeast. Within the industry, no one method has gained or demonstrated a clear advantage over the others. In response to a request from a
local microbrewery, the lag time associated with second-generation washed yeast was quantified in relation to the method used to wash the
yeast, with a goal of determining the optimal washing method for their brewery operations. Second-generation yeast was obtained from the
microbrewery, divided, and then washed with different methods. Viability and yeast cell counts were performed before and after the washes.
Washed samples were then introduced to identical samples of wort in order to measure the lag time associated with the onset of their
production of ethanol.
AGFD 98 Changes of volatile compounds in Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundiforlia) during ripening Bolim Lee2,
[email protected], Feng Chen1. (1) Clemson Univ, Clemson, South Carolina, (2) Clemson Univ., Central, South Carolina, Muscadine
grape (Vitis rotundifolia) is a native grape that is distributed throughout the southeastern US. Recently, muscadine grapes have attracted
consumers because of its unique “musky” aroma and higher antioxidant capacity compared to other grapes. However, there is insufficient
information of the effect of ripening on aroma composition of muscadine grapes. In this study, volatile compounds during three different
ripening stages (i.e., pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest) of muscadine grapes were separated, identified, and quantified by solid phase
microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty six major volatile compounds were
detected based on their mass spectrum and Kovats indices, which include 3 esters, 7 alcohols, 5 acids, 1 phenol, 3 aldehydes and ketones, 5
terpenes, and 2 alkanes. The early stage of the muscadine maturation had high concentrations of terpenes (e.g., α-terpinolene, L-lanalool, αterpineol, nerol and geraniol) whereas the aroma in the post-harvest stages of muscadine were dominated by alcohol (2-hexen-1-ol (E)),
esters (ethyl acetate) and aldehydes (hexanal, 2- hexenal), which can be used to predict the best harvest time for grapes based on the ration of
alcohol to aldehyde, and best time for making muscadine wines.
AGFD 99 Vapor-infusion of wine flavor volatiles in specialty dark chocolate and analysis via GC-MS Sydney Richards1,
[email protected], Spencer Bremer1, Kristi L. Nuckles2, Chris R. Thurman1, Peter J. Iles1, Luther D. Giddings1, Mary Alvarez3, Neil R.
Bastian4. (1) Salt Lake Community College, Murray, Utah, (2) Salt Lake Community College, Midvale, Utah, (3) Salt Lake Community
College, Bountiful, Utah, (4) Salt Lake Community College, Kaysville, Utah, US Chocolate modified by the inclusion of additional flavor
agents (e.g., citrus fruits, berries, coffee, spices, bacon, & etc.) has become increasingly sought after. Chocolates filled with or flavored with
wine are a part of this trend. In this study, various wine flavor agents were vapor-infused into single origin artisanal dark chocolate. The
vapor-infused chocolates were analyzed using GC-MS. Various methods were used to maximize the vapor-infusion of wine flavor agents
including using molten chocolate. Changes in chocolate taste and texture were also subjectively assessed by a panel of volunteer tasters.
AGFD 100 Volatile-organic component sensitive colorimetric chemosensor: Application for determination of apple quality YongHoon Kim1, [email protected], So Yeon Jin2, Giyoung Kim1, Jung Su Park3. (1) Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy
of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea (the Republic of) (2) Graduate School of Professional Studies,
Traditional Culture and Arts, Sookmyoung Women's Univ., Seoul, Korea (the Republic of) (3) Dept. of Chemistry, SookMyoung Women's
Univ., Seoul, Korea (the Republic of) A naked-eye detective chemosensor have received much attention in a variety of application fields due
to the simplicity, favorable performance, selectivity, and low cost. In especial, chemosensor supplies consumers with communication as a
marketing tool and an offer to consumer with the great easy of use and time-saving convenience for the final purchasing decision. Apple is
one of the representative climacteric fruits, emitting the characteristic aroma including the variety of volatile organic materials, such as
aldehyde, acetate and alcohol etc during the storage. To fabricate an aroma sensitive colorimetric indicator (ACI), Methyl red was dissolved
in methanol (1.2 mM) and adsorbed on the papers. The colorimetric response of ACIs and the apple quality were investigated with the
variation of a storage time. ACIs and apples were simultaneously inserted in a storage chamber (14 L). As increasing the storage time from 0
day to 15 days, the color of ACI was changed from yellow to red. The color change profile of ACI was analyzed by the RGB value. In order
to investigate the quality of apple, components analysis and sensory test consisted of 5 investigation items (appearance, sweetness, sourness,
crunchiness, and over all acceptance) were conducted with the apples of a different storage period. The characteristic component changes
were the diminishment of Phenolics and Flavonoid. The results of sensory test showed that the favorable quality of apple was sustained in a
storage period of the 3 ~ 4 days, which is corresponding to the suitable purchase time. In the storage period of more than 8 days, the apple
quality based on the sensory test was drastically deteriorated. Along with the results of sensory test, ACI was responded to the volatile aroma
of apples, resulting in the color change. These results indicate that ACI fabricated by doping Methyl red was applicable to a sensor for the
determination of apple quality as well as an aldehyde detective sensor.
AGFD 101 - WITHDRAWN
AGFD 102 Effect of fat concentration and fermentation on thermal proprieties of milk bases Zhining Bao1, Jian Xiong1,
[email protected], Jun Ye2, [email protected]. (1) South China Univ. of Techn., Guangzhou Guangdong, China (2) South China Univ. of
Techn., Guangzhou, China The thermal properties of fermented milk bases with different fat levels were detected by DSC and TG. DSC
curves showed one exothermic peak was observed at about 17℃ during cooling stage, indicating crystallization of fat. And these peak heights
of postfermented samples were higher than those of unfermented samples. In the heat melting curves, the endothermic peaks were higher
and more obvious along with the increase of fat. And the endothermic enthalpy was increased after fermentation. At about 170℃, the
endothermic peak height of fermented samples were lower than that of unfermented samples. Meanwhile, at about 195℃, an endothermic
peak was observed only in unfermented samples, and more rapid quality loss in TG curves of unfermented samples. It was speculated that it
was these macromolecules that decomposed to smaller molecules during fermentation, resulting in the lower pyrolysis temperature in postfermented samples. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National 973 project (2010CB732201) and the National
Natural Foundation of China (project 31270617).
AGFD 103 Production of lactic acid from cheese whey in controlled pH batch fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum DSA
20174 Amira A. Ayad1, [email protected], D. A. Gad El-Rab 2, [email protected], S. A. Ibrahim3,
[email protected]. (1) Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina A & T State Univ., Greensboro, (2)
Dept. of Dairy science, National Research Center, Egypt, Cairo, (3) Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina A&T
State Univ., Greensboro The dairy industry produces large volume of waste, mainly whey, causing economic and environmental problems.
Whey consists of 4.9% lactose, 0.5% protein, and 0.3% fat which could support the growth of Lactobacillus and the production of lactic acid.
The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for lactic acid production from whey in controlled pH (5.5) batch
fermentation. Batches of whey containing different concentrations of bakery yeast (0.0, 0.5, 1, and 2%) were inoculated with 2% overnight
grown Lactobacillus plantarum DSA 20174 then incubated at different temperatures (32, 37, and 42°C) with stirring (200 rpm) for 48 h. Our
results showed that lactic acid yields in the presence of 2% bakery yeast were 67, 79, and 89% at 32, 37, and 42°C respectively. Lower
concentrations of bakery yeast resulted in reduced yields of lactic acid. The highest yields of lactic acid was obtained at 42°C in the presence
of 2% bakery yeast. In conclusion, whey could be used to produce lactic acid in dairy industry and the addition of bakery yeast would
resulted in an increased yield of lactic acid. Further work is required to determine the optimum conditions to produce lactic acid from whey
for commercial production.
AGFD 104 Mineral and trace element analysis of berry liquors from Northern Europe Niina J. Ronkainen, [email protected],
Nathan S. Olson, Sarah Mustaly. Chemistry and Biochemistry, Benedictine Univ., Naperville, Illinois, The purpose of this study was to
evaluate and compare the concentrations of selected minerals and trace elements in various industrially produced liquors from Estonia and
Finland. The liquors are mainly produced for domestic consumption with some sold to nearby countries in the European Union. The liquors
are brewed from cloudberries, cranberries, sea buckthorn berries, blueberries, red raspberries, wild strawberries, and black currants. The
elements investigated were magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc and were quantified by atomic spectroscopy. The concentrations
of these elements were determined by pre-concentration or dilution of the samples as needed, standard addition methods and flame atomic
absorption spectroscopy by AAnalyst 200 from Perkin Elmer.
AGFD 105 Roasting effects on phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activities of pulp pre-conditioned and fermented cocoa
(Theobroma cacao) beans Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa1, [email protected], Eric Ofosu-Ansah1, Jemmy Takrama2, Agnes S. Budu3.
(1) Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Univ. of Ghana, Legon , (2) Dept. of Biochemistry, Cocoa Research Inst. of Ghana, Tafo, (3) Univ.
of Ghana, Legon, Polyphenols are phytochemicals responsible for the astringency, bitterness, green flavours and antioxidant activities in
cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans. These are degraded during fermentation, drying and roasting affecting the antioxidant activity of the beans.
However, the extent of degradation of phenolics during roasting remains unknown. This work was aimed at investigating the changes in total
polyphenols, anthocyanins, o-diphenols and antioxidant activity (free-radical scavenging activities) during roasting of pulp pre-conditioned
and fermented cocoa. A 4×4 full factorial design with the principal experimental factors as pod storage and roasting time were used. Samples
were analyzed for total polyphenols, o-diphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity using standard analytical methods. Variable decrease
in total polyphenols, o-diphenols and anthocyanins were observed with increase in pod storage and roasting durations. However, variable
trends were observed for the % free-radical scavenging activities. The total polyphenols, anthocyanins and o-diphenols in the cocoa beans
after 45 minutes roasting decreased from 132.24 to 57.17 mg/g, 6.71 to 1.07 mg/kg and 15.94 to 8.25 mg/g respectively for 0, 3, 7 and 10
days pod storage treatments. The total polyphenols for the fermented, dried and unstored cocoa beans was 132.25 mg/g which reduced to
122.14 mg/g (7.642% degradation), 116.721 mg/g (11.7% degradation) and 92.22 mg/g (30.3% degradation) for pod stored for 3, 7 and 10
days respectively. Increasing roasting time caused continuous decreases in the % free- radical scavenging activity from 89.10% to 74.31%
after 45 minutes for the unstored pods. Pulp pre-conditioning by pod storage and roasting duration could be used to reduce the astringency
and bitterness caused by polyphenols, o-diphenols and anthocyanins in cocoa beans whilst increasing the antioxidant activity imparted by
cocoa.
AGFD 106 Synthesis and characterization of cationic starches and their application in preparation of fertilizer nanoparticles
through four-Inlet vortex mixer Yulin Shi1, Shufen Zhang2, Xin Jia1, Kai Chen1, Xuhong Guo1,3, [email protected]. (1) Key
Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang, and Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical
Engineering of Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi Univ., Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (2) State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemial Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China (3) State Key Laboratory of
Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Cationic starches
bearing tertiary amine were synthesized by incorporating 2,4- bis(dimethylamino)-6-chloro-[1,3,5]-triazine into starch structure. The obtained
s-triazine bridged starch ether demonstrated a reversible pH response in aqueous solution. Specific physical or chemical properties of these
starch ethers, such as hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, surface properties, can be easily tailored by varying the degree of substitution of
cationic starch derivatives. Using these modified cationic starches as surfactants, nanoparticles of agricultural compound fertilizers were
successfully prepared through flash nano-precipitation in a home-made transparent four-inlet vortex mixer.
Figure 1. Schematic reaction
of cationic starches.
AGFD 107 Multiplex real-time PCR detection and identification of food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and
Shigella flexneri Katherine C. Sweetin, [email protected], Kelly M. Elkins, [email protected]. Chemistry Dept.,
Towson Univ., Maryland, The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) melt assay to
detect and identify three food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri without post-PCR processing such
as gel or capillary electrophoresis. Phylogenetic analyses of these three genera have proven that their genomes are very similar. In fact, the
genomes of many Shigella strains are ancestral clones of Escherichia strains. Primers were generated targeting the origin of replication, virA
gene, and lacY gene for Salmonella sp., S. flexneri, and E. coli, respectively, provide unique amplicons for differential analysis. ATCC
reference strains were used to evaluate the assay. Specific amplicons were obtained from all species.
AGFD 108 Multiplex real-time PCR detection and differentiation of food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus and related Bacillus
species Jenna D. Roussillon, [email protected], Kelly M. Elkins, [email protected]. Chemistry Dept., Towson Univ.,
Towson, Maryland, The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) melt assay to detect
and identify the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus without post-PCR processing such as gel or capillary electrophoresis. B. cereus is
closely related to soil-dwelling bacteria of the same genus including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus anthracis. While B.
subtilis and B. thuringiensis do not typically cause disease in humans, B. anthracis has been the cause of infection in meat-processing plants
among others. The species are commonly differentiated by motility, presence of toxin crystals, and hemolytic activity but these assays require
the bacteria to be cultured and are time-consuming. Primers were generated targeting the SNP positions 78 and 179 and the glpF, eftu, and
rbth genes. ATCC reference strains were used to evaluate the assay. Specific amplicons were obtained from the B. cereus, B. subtilis and B.
thuringiensis strains tested.
AGFD 109 Determination of heavy metals in tomatoes sauces Maritza Reyna Liriano, [email protected], Rolando Tremont.
Industrial Chemistry, Univ. of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, Heavy metal analysis was done to different tomatoes sauce. Atomic
Absorption method was used to determine heavy metals as Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cu. Also As was determined. In order to perform the analysis
5.0000 ± 0.0001 g of tomato sauce was weighted for each different sample. A digestion procedure was made with 20 mL of 50% HNO3 and
20 mL of deionized water; these were made in a hot plate for 20 min to perform the digestion of the weighted sample. After this the sample
rest until it reach room temperature. In order to proceed with the heavy metal determination, filtration process is made to collect the sample.
Water is added to the collected sample to have 100 mL, before to analyze this sample in the Atomic Absorption instrument deionized.
AGFD 110 Mold population on freshly-harvested rice and factors affecting prevalence Supriya Thote, [email protected],
Griffiths Atungulu, HouMin Zhong. Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Microorganisms present on freshly-harvested rice include
yeast, molds, and bacteria. Of these, mold contamination typically poses the greatest threat in the rice industry because under certain stressful
conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and rice moisture content, some molds may produce very toxic substances known as
mycotoxins. Some mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin, are known carcinogens that pose severe health hazards to human and animal consumers.
The mitigation of mold growth, and mycotoxin development, has become a top priority for the rice industry. Improper drying and storage of
rice encourage molds to grow and potentially leading to mycotoxin production. This study is a part of a two year long of survey aimed to
determine the effect of various factors including rice cultivar, growing geographic locations, and harvest time on the prevalence of
microorganisms on rough rice. Specifically, the total (ground sample) and surface aerobic plate count (APC) and mold count on freshlyharvested, long-grain hybrid (XL723 and XL753), long-grain pureline (CL152 and RoyJ) and medium-grain (Caffey and Jupiter) rice
cultivars grown at four Arkansas locations (Stuttgart, Rohwer, Colt and Keiser) were obtained in 2013. The same varieties were planted in
the same locations for repeating the experiments in 2014. The 2013 study determined that geographic location where rice was grown had a
significant effect on the level of microbial contamination on the rice kernels at harvest. As much as 1.5- and 3.2-fold total APC and mold
count were observed in rice harvested at Rohwer compared to Keiser. Samples of rice harvested at Keiser tended to have the least microbial
loads followed by those from Colt; samples from Stuttgart and Rohwer, the southern-most locations, had the greatest microbial loads. These
findings could benefit the rice industry by helping to develop effective strategies for drying, storage and/or decontamination of rice, thereby
helping to prevent mycotoxin development.
AGFD 111 Fatty acid analysis of tilapia Edward M. Crosier, [email protected], Mary J. Yurkevicius, Andrew L. Rhyne, Nancy E.
Breen. Roger Williams Univ., Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, In the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the USDA states that diets rich in
polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with greater cardiovascular health. Consumption of fish is commonly suggested as a means
to increase these essential fatty acids into a diet. Tilapia, which has become a popular and abundant fish in markets, is well managed and
easily farmed in aquaculture systems. The recent movement toward aquaculture has raised several questions regarding nutritional quality of
fish in regard to fresh, frozen and organic or other similar certification schemes as well as “bang for your buck”. A recent study suggested
that omega-6 values in farmed tilapia are relatively high and may outweigh the health benefits of consuming fish; however, it did not focus
on certification systems, culture methods, or country of origin. Additionally, within the literature, experimental protocols describing precise
quantification methods are not always reported completely. The total fatty acid profile of tilapia fillets will be determined from a variety of
sources to identify the relationship between fresh, frozen, type of certification and omega-6 and omega-3 content. In addition, price and
country of origin as a determination factor for fatty acid content will be evaluated. The profiling protocol will use a 37 component mix of
fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as a standard for each individual FAME quantified. Past studies have reported omega-6/omega-3 ratios
based on peak areas rather than concentration. Preliminary results indicate that methodology can skew the quantification of fatty acids. Lower
omega-6/omega-3 ratios have been observed if quantification is determined by comparison with the FAME standard, whereas if peak areas
are used to quantify these compounds the omega-6/omega-3 ratio increases by 50%. Additionally, these tilapia results will be compared to
ongoing studies on salmon in our laboratory.
AGFD 112 Comparison of the fatty acid profiles of wild caught and farm raised salmon Mary J. Yurkevicius, [email protected],
Edward M. Crosier, David L. Taylor, Nancy E. Breen, Andrew L. Rhyne. Roger Williams Univ., Bristol, Rhode Island, Marine fish are an
excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids which provide numerous health benefits. In this study, salmon was tested for fatty acid content due to
its popularity as a food choice in the US with an average consumption of 2.02 pounds per capita. Samples were analyzed from a variety of
sources including store bought (aquaculture and wild) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to assess
differences between wild caught, organic, and non- organic fish. Non-organic fish are bred in small aquaculture environments and are fed
prepared diets that are relatively high in corn or wheat which may affect their fatty acid profiles. Organic raised salmon are raised in pens
with a smaller fish density, thus preventing the spread of disease and allowing a more natural living environment. These salmon are fed an
organic diet consisting mainly of algae and do not contain antibiotics or hormones. Due to the more natural environment and feed, it is likely
the fatty acid content of organic raised salmon is comparable to its wild caught counterpart. Preliminary results suggest that the percent of
omega-3 fatty acids were higher in organic-raised and wild-caught salmon relative to farm-raised salmon. Future work will focus on
obtaining more replicates and determining omega-6 to omega-3 ratios of salmon from each source.
AGFD 113 Antioxidant effect of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and detection and prooxidative activity of ferryl-hemoglobin
in washed cod muscle Nantawat Tatiyaborworntham, [email protected], Mark P. Richards. Meat Science and Muscle Biology
Laboratory, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Hemoglobin (Hb) is a potent pro-oxidant that accelerates lipid oxidation
in fish muscles, leading to loss of sensory, functional, and nutritional quality. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a lipolytic enzyme that catalyzes
the liberation of a free fatty acid from the sn-2 position of phospholipids. We demonstrated that hydrolysis by PLA2 rendered lipid
membranes of washed cod muscles resistant to trout Hb-mediated lipid oxidation, measured as lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) and thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS). Also, addition of PLA2 to washed cod muscle helped protect intact heme moiety of Hb from oxidative
degradation. In addition, ferryl hemoglobin (ferryl-Hb), a hypervalent Hb species formed from the reaction between peroxides and Hb, was
detected spectrophotometrically in the aqueous phase of trout Hb-containing washed cod following derivatization with sodium sulfide. In the
presence of PLA2, the formation of ferryl-Hb was greatly suppressed. The presence of ferryl-Hb appears to be related to the sudden burst of
methemoglobin (MHb) in the aqueous phase and lipid oxidation. Furthermore, compared with MHb, ferryl-Hb exhibited greater prooxidative activity when measured as TBARS but not when measured as LHP. These results demonstrate that PLA2 was able to inhibit lipid
oxidation, delay ferryl-Hb and MHb formations and preserve intact heme in washed cod muscle.
AGFD 114 Effect of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 on trout hemoglobin-promoted lipid oxidation and heme partitioning in
washed cod muscle Nantawat Tatiyaborworntham, [email protected], Mark P. Richards. Meat Science and Muscle Biology
Laboratory, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was shown to inhibit
hemoglobin (Hb)- induced lipid oxidation in fish muscles. However, the mechanism of how PLA2 inhibits lipid oxidation remains unclear.
Trout Hb is a potent promoter of lipid oxidation due to its weak heme affinity. It has been suggested that heme moiety released from trout Hb
partitions into lipid membranes where it accelerates lipid oxidation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) investigate the antioxidant effect of PLA2 in washed cod muscle induced by trout Hb and 2) to investigate the ability of PLA2 to prevent heme from
partitioning to insoluble matrix of washed cod which is comprised primarily of myofibrillar proteins and lipid membranes. PLA2 was added
to washed cod muscle during different stages of lipid oxidation to see whether PLA2 could suppress lipid oxidation that had already taken
place. PLA2 added to washed cod at the same time as trout Hb totally inhibited lipid oxidation, while PLA2 added during exponential phase
of lipid oxidation resulted in an immediate reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. However, the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances was only partially suppressed by PLA2, compared with control samples. Partitioning of heme to the insoluble matrix was
quantified. Treatment of washed cod with PLA2 did not prevent heme from partitioning into the insoluble matrix of washed cod muscle, but
the oxidative degradation of heme was delayed. Intact heme was found to accumulate in the insoluble matrix of washed cod muscle over the
ice storage without promoting lipid oxidation. These findings suggest that anti-oxidant effect of PLA2 may not prevent partitioning of heme
to insoluble matrix of washed cod muscle but may involve the removal of lipid hydroperoxides.
AGFD 115 Isolation and characterization of chitin from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus with possible application in biomedical
and pharmaceutical application Bryan Calderon, [email protected]. Metrology in Chemistry , LACOMET, San Pedro , Montes de Oca,
Costa Rica This study evaluated the technical viability of obtaining chitin from a fungal source, specifically in the Pleurotus ostreatus. To
establish the conditions of the chemical extraction of chitin from Pleurotus ostreatus the material was performed and establishing the
conditions of drying, grinding and suitable extraction for deproteinization and demineralization processes. The study applied different
concentrations of sodium hydroxide to determine the optimal concentration of deproteinization. The chitin yields ranging were from 14.3% to
30.9% over the dry fibrous material of Pleurotus ostreatus. Finally, were conducted an evaluation of the chemical and physical properties of
chitin (N-organic, FTIR, DSC, RXD, GluN content) obtained from the bodyfruits of Pleurotus ostreatus using the best extraction methods.
We concluded that the Pleurotus ostreatus is a viable source for producing chitin technical grade and this material could be used for
biomedical and pharmaceutical application. Analysis of trend in the process of isolation of chitin of Pleurorus ostreatus. The. black line. (
trend obtaining by OLS for the isolation process Pl. TI1e red line(-) represent trend obtaining by OLS for the isolation 1 P1: temperature 20
°C-25°C, time of reaction 2h and relation fiber/solvent 1:15. P2: temperature 75°C-80°C, time of re relation fiber/solvent 1:15
AGFD 116 Methyglyoxal scavenging activity of deacetylasperulosidic acid Shixin Deng, [email protected], Brett West, Jarakae
Jensen, Chen Su. Research and Development Dept., Morinda Inc., American Fork, Utah, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the
eventual products of non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. AGEs form protein cross-links which may contribute to chronic health conditions
and accelerate the aging process. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl that is a precursor to AGE formation. Iridoids are
phytochemicals that are available from a few dietary sources, such as Morinda citrifolia, Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, and Vaccinium
macrocarpon fruits, as well as Olea europaea. Iridoids have a variety of reported biological activities. Among these is the inhibition of AGE
formation in vivo. Such anti-AGE activity was observed in an 8 week clinical trial of a beverage containing these food sources of iridoids. To
elucidate at least one potential anti-AGE mechanism, we investigated the MG scavenging activity of iridoids, specifically
deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA). DAA was hydrolysed in vitro with beta- glucosidase, to simulate in vivo metabolism during absorption
through the intestine. MG was incubated with the hydrolyzed DAA, followed by HPLC-TOF-MS analysis. The hydrolyzed DAA scavenged
MG in a concentration dependent manner in the range of 1- 5 mM. These results suggest that neutralization of MG is at least one mechanism
by which iridoids inhibit AGE formation in vivo.
AGFD 117 Dietary sources of iridoids inhibit advanced glycation end product formation Brett West1, [email protected],
Alfred Bogdanov3, Shixin Deng1, Chen Su1, C. Jarakae Jensen1, Zaynudin Zaynudinov2. (1) Morinda, Inc., American Fork, Utah, (3) Inst.
of Nutrition, Moscow, Russian Federation Iridoids are monoterpenes which exhibit various biological activities. Among the food derived
iridoids, these activities include inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in vivo. Edible fruit sources of iridoids were
identified through phytochemical analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Combinations of these food sources,
including Morinda citrifolia, Cornus mas, and Cornus officinalis fruits, as well as Olea europaea, were prepared as a pasteurized beverage
that was standardized to 120 mg iridoids/60 mL. The beverage exhibited methylglyoxal scavenging activity in vitro in a concentration
dependent manner, as measured by HPLC following o-phenylenediamine derivatization. The anti-AGE activity of this beverage was also
evaluated non-invasively via skin autofluorescence measurements of obese adults while undergoing a concomitant six-week low-calorie diet
intervention. Compared to a control group (n=30) that was also assigned to the low- calorie diet, volunteers who had consumed 120 mL/day
of the iridoid beverage (n=30) experienced an average AGE decrease of 30.1 % (p <0.00001). Interestingly, the beverage also improved
average fat mass reduction by 11.3% (p < 0.00001), preserved muscle mass (p < 0.001), increased energy metabolism by 9.7% (p < 0.00001),
and improved atherogenic index by 28.9 % (p = 0.014). The combined results indicate that sources of dietary iridoids have the potential to
mitigate AGE accumulation and, thereby, assist in the maintenance of health which might be otherwise affected by AGEs.
AGFD 118 Exploration of curcumin, UV-Vis absorption, and degradation kinetics Hannah Goemann1, [email protected],
Timothy Roettgen3, Joseph D. Alia2. (1) Chemistry, Univ. of Minnesota, Morris, , (2) Division of Science and Mathematics, Universtiy of
Minnesota, Morris, In the US over 1 million people have been diagnosed with cancer so far this year, and about 10% of people worldwide
suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. As such, extensive research is being conducted for new treatment and prevention methods to curb these
diseases. One compound making headlines in recent studies is curcumin, a traditional medicinal compound also responsible for the bright
yellow color of commercial mustards. Here we explore the stability of curcumin’s various protonation states via UV-Vis spectroscopy and
degradation kinetics. Curcumin in aqueous solutions produced λ of 430nm and 470nm agreeing with the literature, and degradation kinetics
propagated unexpected results.
AGFD 119 Role of polyphenols of Artemisia nova and Artemisia wyomingensis in sage grouse dietary preferences Andrew H.
Nguyen1, [email protected], Jennifer S. Forbey2, Graham G. Frye2, John W. Connelly3, Carolyn Y. Dadabay1. (1) The College of
Idaho, Caldwell, Idaho, (2) Biological Sciences, Boise State Univ., Idaho, US (3) Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Blackfoot, Idaho, Sage
grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a threatened species, inhabits the western US where it selectively forages on sagebrush (Artemisia ssp).
Sage grouse preferentially browse on A. nova and avoid A. tridentata ssp wyomingensis. Polyphenols are aromatic compounds produced in
sagebrush which may explain diet selection because they can influence detoxification pathways and cellular signaling in herbivores. We
hypothesized that certain polyphenolic compounds explain diet selection of sagebrush by sage grouse. In this study, we compared the
concentration of individual polyphenolics in leaves of A. t. ssp wyomingensis and A. nova that were browsed or not browsed by sage-grouse
using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found a similar number of individual polyphenols in both species.
However, concentrations of particular polyphenols differed between the sagebrush species and browse type, and may account for browsing
preferences by sage grouse. A better understanding of the dietary parameters that explain diet selection by sage grouse may increase our
ability to conserve and manage habitats for sage-grouse.
AGFD 120 Antioxidant protection in human blood plasma of varying triglyceride content utilizing a ferric reduction assay Richa
Chandra, Chinanu Chidi, [email protected], Kyana Huerta-Ruiz-Garza, [email protected]. Chemistry and Physics, Univ. of St. Thomas,
Houston, Texas, Triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL) in human blood transport dietary fats to the cells of the body. These particles may be
susceptible to oxidative stress that leads to the development of atherosclerotic plaque and heart disease. This research examines the protective
effects of various natural antioxidants, such as vitamin c, catechin and resveratrol, in blood plasma as a whole and also specifically to the
triglyceride rich lipoprotein subclass. The triglyceride content of various blood samples is also examined in these studies is evaluated to
determine the role of the hydrophobicity of the antioxidants in regard to their measured protection. In order to study the efficacy of various
antioxidants, an adaptation of a well known ferric reduction assay (FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma) is utilized to measure the extent
of oxidation occurring in a given plasma or lipoprotein sample incubated with the antioxidant. A measurement of triglyceride content via
enzymatic spectrophotometric analysis in these samples also provides valuable information in regard to the efficacy of the various
antioxidants in terms of their hydrophobicity. The evaluation of the protective effects of antioxidants on TRL particles through the FRAP
assay and enzymatic triglyceride analysis is an inventive tool that provides useful information on the medicinal value of different antioxidants
in native biological environments.
AGFD 121 Adding value to bioethanol production: Quantification and recovery of Lutein and zeaxanthin from DDGS Jinsha Li,
[email protected]. Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, US Lutein and zeaxanthin are
plant compounds in the carotenoid family. They are essential for development and maintenance of the retinal macula[1], and have been
shown to act as an anti-oxidant to prevent the development of cancer[2]. Currently, the major source for them is marigold flowers; but they
must be activated after extraction for use in human body. This research investigated the recovery and purification of lutein and zeaxanthin
from Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) that are already biologically active when ingested and are currently underutilized in this
biomass stream. DDGS is a byproduct of corn ethanol production and can be used as livestock feed. The US corn industry produced 42.66
million short tons of DDGS in 2011[3], which provides a large untapped source to recover lutein and zeaxanthin. In this research, the
compounds were extracted via Soxhlet and verified with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Further purification was carried
out using a centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC), a liquid-liquid countercurrent chromatography technique. This process could add a
revenue stream to the biorefinery. Further experimentation will be performed to test for specific biological activity in the body. [1] Krinsky,
N.I., E.J. Johnson. (2005, 26(6)). Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 459-516. [2]
Khachik, F.,G.R. Beecher, and J.C. Smith. (1995). Lutein, Lycopene, and Their Oxidative Metabolites in Chemoprevention of Cancer.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 236-246. [3] Wisner, R. (2013). Estimated U.S. Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) Production
and Use. Agricultural Marketing Resource Center .
AGFD 122 Antioxidant activity assay based on rapid colorimetric measurement of gold nanoparticles Ju Chou, [email protected],
Xiaofu Li, Yifan Yin, Nicole Indrisek , Joannie Merono. Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast Univ., Fort Myers, Florida, US Free
radicals in human bodies potentially can lead to diseases such as stroke, heart attack, and cancers. Antioxidants can fight against these free
radicals to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and can reduce the risk of these diseases. Plants (such as tea) and fruits or fruit
juices are natural sources of antioxidants. Since the antioxidant composition and the matrix varies, a diverse array of analytical
methodologies are required to measure antioxidant concentration or reducing power. In this study, we develop a rapid colorimetric
measurement based on formation of gold nanomaterials (AuNPs) to evaluate antioxidant activity in plants and beverages. Antioxidants
present in plants and fruits/fruit juices can act as reductants and they are able to reduce Au3+ ions to make AuNPs. Citrate solution was
added to cap AuNPs to prevent AuNPs from their aggregation. A colorimetric determination of antioxidants based on the formation of citrate
capped AuNPs has been developed. Five natural common antioxidants were tested and were able to make AuNPs in the presence of citrate,
evidenced by TEM (transmission of electron microscopy) images and UV-vis spectra. The absorbance of citrate capped AuNPs is
proportional to the concentration of gallic acid, one of common natural antioxidants. The colorimetric method developed was also compared
with the reference assay, Folin-Cicolteau method for validation.
AGFD 123 Chemical constituents and biological evaluation of leaves' essential oils of Vitex agnus-castus L. growing in the southernwest of Algeria Khaled Sekkoum, [email protected]. Univ. of Bechar, Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory,
Bechar, Algeria This study is designed to examine the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oil of V.
agnus-castus. The essential oils of dry leaves of Vitex agnus-castus L., were obtained by hydro-distillation, afforded oil in the yield of 5.5 %
and their volatile constituents were identified by GC/MS.Antioxidant activity of the sample was determined by test system DPPH.Antifungal
activity was tested using three fungal strains by direct contact method. Forty-three compounds were identified,representing 98.02 % of the
oil. Major components of the oil were 1,8-cineole (18.27 %), Caryophyllene (8.60 %), N-(M-Fluorophenyl)-Maleimide (6.30 %), (+)-Epibicyclosesquiphellandrene (6.00 %), Terpinen-4-ol (5.57 %), Pyrrolo (3,2,1-jk)carbazole (5.43 %), Caryophyllene oxide (4.79 %), and
Phenol (4.09 %). The chemical constituents in the essential oil from the locally grown vitex agnus-castus were identified. Therefore, the
essential oil from southern-west Algeria vegetable species of vitex agnus-castus are active candidate which would be used as antioxidant, or
antifungal agent in new drugs preparation for therapy of diseases.
AGFD 124 Block ionomer complexes formed by carboxymethyl-dextran-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer and α-lactalbumin
juan du, [email protected], Owen G. Jones. Nelsen Hall, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, Block ionomer complexes (BICs) are an
assembly of block-copolymers that electrostatically interact with an oppositely-charged polyelectrolyte, forming a core-shell structure that
resembles a micelle. In our study, carboxymethyl-dextran (CMD) and carboxymethyl-dextran-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (CMD-b-PEG)
were successfully prepared from dextran and/or poly(ethylene glycol) using an established protocol and confirmed by nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (NMR). BIC formation between CMD-b-PEG and alpha-lactalbumin (a-lac) was investigated following acid
titration, while traditional electrostatic complexes were formed between CMD and a-lac as a control. The successful assembling between alac and CMD or CMD-b-PEG with different molar ratios was confirmed through turbidity, light scattering, zeta-potential, and transmission
electron microscopy measurements. Scattering intensity measurements indicated that complex formation between a-lac and CMD-b-PEG
occurred at higher pH values than complexes of a-lac and CMD. Electron micrographs confirmed a-lac and CMD-b-PEG complex formation
with typical radii of 20-50 nm, which agreed with results from dynamic light scattering. Visible light turbidimetry measurement showed that
the molar ratio of a-lac and CMD-b-PEG did not significantly impact critical pH values of phase-separation, unlike complexes of a-lac and
CMD, which was attributed to the presence of the poly(ethylene glycol) block. This system shows promise for utilization as a biopolymerbased controlled delivery vehicle for bioactive compounds.
AGFD 125 Antioxidant activities of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry)
pomace Jonathan Wenzel1, [email protected], Thomas Dixon1, Evan Tucker1, Lihua Wang2, Michelle Ammerman3, Cheryl
Samaniego3. (1) Chemical Engineering, Kettering Univ., Flint, Michigan, (2) Biochemistry and Chemistry, Kettering Univ., Flint, Michigan,
US (3) Applied Biology, Kettering Univ., Flint, Michigan, US Chokeberries, or aronia berries, are commonly used as a flavorant and
colorant in a variety of foods and beverages, in particular wine. Chokeberries are shown to contain a significant total polyphenol content and
anthocyanin content above that of other commercially grown fruits. Health benefits that have been reported from chokeberries include
inflammation reduction, antimicrobial properties, as well as improvements in vascular and gastrointestinal health. Quite often the peels and
seeds which make up the pomace of berries after processing contain a higher content of antioxidants over that of the pulp or juice. This work
evaluates the effectiveness of extracting polyphenolic, antioxidant compounds from the pomace of wild-grown black chokeberries using
supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier, environmentally-friendly solvents. The effects of temperature, ethanol proportion, and
pressure upon the extraction of antioxidants were evaluated. The antioxidant content of the extracts was determined by Ferric Reducing
Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) or Total Phenolic Content (TPC) assay. At an extraction condition of 69°C
and 19.3 MPa with 20% ethanol, the FRAP value was 7.0 mmol Trolox Equivalent/g of dry chokeberry pomace and a TPC value of 24.8 mg
gallic acid equivalent/g of dry chokeberry pomace. A correlation between the FRAP and TPC assay will be presented. The antiinflammatory properties of the extracts were characterized using the COX-II assay.
AGFD 126 Digestibility, viscosity, and microstructural properties of waxy and non-waxy rice starches resulting from microwave
heat-moisture treatment Alfred Anderson, [email protected]. Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait Univ.,
Safat, Kuwait In view of the increasing demand of starches from cereals and tubers in both food and non-food applications, there is the need
to increase understanding of the various factors that influence starch physical and functional properties. This study was conducted to study
the effect of microwave-heating processes on some selected properties of waxy and non-waxy rice starches. Waxy and non-waxy rice
starches adjusted to 20% moisture (wet basis) were heat- moisture treated in microwave oven to determine the effects of the microwave
heating characteristics on digestibility, pasting, and morphological properties of the heated starches. Microwave heating produced only
minimal changes in digestibility as well as the physical characteristics of heated starches. Significant changes in viscosity properties after
microwave heat treatment were observed for both waxy and non-waxy starches heat-treated in a microwave oven, relative to non-treated
samples. Non-waxy starch heated in microwave oven showed an increase in breakdown viscosity from 29.8 RVU (non-treated starch) to 35.8
RVU after heating for 60 min. However, for waxy starch, breakdown viscosity decreased from 112.7 to 35.9 RVU after 60 min of microwave
heat treatment reflecting an increased stability of microwave heat-treated starch under cooking. The data obtained in this study indicate that
there was much higher re-aggregation of starch granules in waxy starch after microwave heat treatment than occurred in non-waxy starch,
suggesting a re-association of amylopectin branch chains in the heat-treated waxy starch.
GFD 127 Beauvericin as virulence factor of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (BALS.) used on bark beetles attacking
spruces Silvia Mudroncekova, [email protected], Ivan Salamon, Marek Barta. Presov Univ. in Presov,, Slovakia The
agricultural world is overloaded with chemical substances. Undesirable effects and the resistance of vermin open a new way for biological
control of pathogenic species of insect. Bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) belong to the important pests of conifers such as pines,
spruces or firs. As natural inhabitants of coniferous forests, they are able to be invasive and destructive element after wind storm catastrophe
or during the climate change, when plenty of broken or weaken trees are the great source of their feeding and reproduction. Ips typographus
(L.) is expanded in Central Europe. Ips typographus, the most destructive species of bark beetles, has invaded the High Tatras (Slovakia)
after wind storm in 2004 and has spread to relatively uninfluenced forest environment causing huge economic losses. The most common
natural pathogens of spruce bark beetle are entomopathogenic fungi belonging to the order Hypocreales. Beauveria bassiana is the most
important insect pathogens with a wide host range in agroecosystems or forest ecosystems of temperate climate zones. It is considered as a
suitable candidate for the use in the biological strategies of pest control. During its pathogenic phase, the developing hyphae of B. bassiana
directly penetrate the insect integument by producing enzymes. B. bassiana produces a cyclooligomer nonribosomal depsipeptides
beauvericin and bassianolide, the diketomorpholine bassiatin, the cyclic peptides beauverolides, the dibenzoquinone oosporein, and the 2pyridone tenellin. This enzymes have virulence ability. Virulence factors that modulate the insect immune system, and those that disable and
finally kill the host.
AGFD 128 Lyophilization technology for isolation of anthocyanins high bush blueberry fruits (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Ivan
Salamon, [email protected], Ruslan Mariychuk, Silvia Mudroncekova, Daniela Grulova. Presov Univ. at Presov, Slovakia Freeze-drying,
also known as lyophilisation or cry desiccation, is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the product
- isolated natural substances minimize the effects of oxidation and other degradation processes and finally more convenient for transport.
Freeze-drying works by freezing the material and then reducing the surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water in the material to
sublimate directly from the solid phase to the gas phase. The aim of research studies were to use and optimisation the lyophilisation
technology, as a fundamental procedure, for processing extracts of Northern high bush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits and
isolation of pure anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuole pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue depending on the pH
medium. These natural components occur in all tissues of higher plants. Generally they have the considerable preventive and therapeutic
effects in relation to different diseases: anti- inflammation, antimicrobial, anti-tumour, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant pharmacological
properties and a strong biological function. The device GEA Lyophil SMART LYO 2 from the German producer GEA GmbH was used for
the lyophilisation. The work consists of two parts: optimally diluted samples by purified water after defrosting and optimization of the
lyophilisation program in a way to achieve the final product in the form of a dry powder at the end of the process.
AGFD 129 Distribution of residues in various muscles of cattle following intramuscular administration of hormones Sara Sklenka1,
[email protected], Pak S. Chu1, Jeffrey Ward2, Alberto Chiesa2, Tricia Johnson2. (1) Division of Residue Chemistry, FDA, Laurel,
Maryland, (2) FDA, Laurel, Maryland, Hormones are used in animal agriculture to increase feed efficiency, promote muscle development,
and improve meat quality. Previously, our laboratory developed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method
suitable for the simultaneous detection of sixteen hormonal drugs in bovine muscle. Recently, we applied the method to determine if
hormones are distributed evenly among different muscle regions. Five animals were dosed intramuscularly with hormone mixtures consisting
of one to four drugs. Muscles from five different anatomic regions (right front limb, left front limb, right hind limb, left hind limb, and the
diaphragm) of each animal were collected for the study. The hormones of interest included testosterone, progesterone, 19β-nortestosterone,
17α-methyltestosterone, melengestrol acetate, megestrol, 17β-estradiol, ethynyl estradiol, zeranol, estriol, and dienestrol. Results showed that
residue levels were highest in the diaphragm of dosed animals for all drugs except testosterone. Drug levels in the forelimb and hind limb
muscles were relatively consistent among all drugs except megestrol, which had levels twice as high in the hind limbs as in the front limbs.
These findings suggest that the diaphragm is the preferred muscle when monitoring for hormone residues.
AGFD 130 Comparison of kinetic profile of two total antioxidant capacity assays Christian Krzykwa, [email protected],
Socrates Jose P. Canete. Catawba College, Salisbury, North Carolina, Antioxidants are a diverse class of biologically important molecules
capable of reducing oxidative damage in biological cells. There are several assays to determine Total Antioxidant Content (TOC) in a sample
- Copper (II) Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) Method and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) are two such assays
commonly used. Both FRAP and CUPRAC follow similar reaction mechanisms. Kinetic profiles are recorded for both CUPRAC and FRAP
reagents without any antioxidants present. Subsequently kinetic plots of standards of Ascorbic acid and Trolox are collected using each
method. As the concentration of the standards increase the signal to noise ratio increases. Additionally full spectrum of various
concentrations of Trolox and Ascorbic acid are collected. A clear correlation between an increase in concentration of antioxidants and an
increase in noise is observed. This is supported by noise in the spectrum of highly concentrated antioxidants. The reliability of the upper limit
of detection is discussed as a function of signal variability.
AGFD 131 Identification of toxic metal ions in water using a gold nanoparticle based colorimetric sensor array Gulsu Sener1,2,
[email protected], Lokman Uzun1, Adil Denizli1. (1) Dept. of Chemistry, Hacettepe Univ., Ankara, Turkey (2) Devision of
Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe Univ., Ankara, Turkey In this study, a colorimetric sensor array that can simultaneously
detect and identify multiple heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Al3+, Cu2+, and Cr3+) in water was reported, to our knowledge for
the first time. The colorimetric sensor array utilizes 11- mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and five amino
acids (lysine, cysteine, histidine, tyrosine, and arginine). Each AuNP and amino acid couple generates a sensor component of the array. In the
absence of amino acids MUA capped AuNPs are aggregated non-selectively by metal ions depending on the type and concentration of the
metal ion. On the other hand, presence of amino acids in the assay, either enhance or prevent the aggregation of the MUA capped AuNPs.
The combinatorial colorimetric response of all channels of the sensor array (i.e., color change in each of AuNP and amino acid couples)
enables naked-eye discrimination of all of the metal ions tested in this study with excellent selectivity (see the Figure). Also, by analyzing the
combinatorial response of the sensor array components using a data analysis method, all of the tested metal ions were discriminated in a
broad concentration range. In addition, the response of the colorimetric sensor array is highly reproducible; it discriminated all tested metal
ions for three separate experiments without a mistake.
AGFD 132 Effect of different proportions of ethanol on the crystalline structure of bacterial celluloses Jian Xiong1,
[email protected], Zirong Wang1, Jun Ye2. (1) School of Light Chemistry and Food Science, South China Univ. of Techn., Guangzhou
Guangdong, China (2) State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China Univ. of Techn., Guangzhou, China Effects of
different proportions of ethanol （25.0, 12.5, 8.3, 6.3, 5.0, 4.2mL/g BC） on crystalline structure of BC during the drying were studied by
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that there were no differences of BC functional groups between with
different proportions of ethanol treatment and without treatment. O'KI value showed that the O'KI values were lower than the control’s after
ethanol treatment, except with 25.0mL/g BC treatment, at this proportion of ethanol, the O'KI value were equal to the control’s. Moreover,
these changes of O'KI values were random, the minimum crystallinity of BC was 1.70%, as the proportion of ethanol was 8.3mL/g BC, the
maximum crystallinity was 2.60%, as the proportion of ethanol was 25.0mL/g BC. However, the relevant N-O'KI values of different samples
were as not changes as control’s, which suggested that different proportions of ethanol had no significant impacts on the crystallinity indexes
of celluloseⅡ in BC. Acknowledgement: Supported by the National 973 project under Grant No. 2010CB732201, the National Natural
Foundation of China under Grant No. 31270617 and the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
(Sichuan Univ.) under Grant No. KF201301.
AGFD 133 Teaching laboratory for food analysis: Titration and HPLC characterization of kombucha fermentation Nicole Lawton1,
[email protected], W. Paige Hall2, Sean Tachibana2. (1) Univ. of Portland, Oregon, (2) Pacific Univ., Forest Grove, Oregon, Being able to
sensitively quantify the many constituents that make up our food, whether they are desirable (vitamins, antioxidants, nutrients) or undesirable
(pesticides, toxins), is one of the most practical applications of chemistry. In this study, kombucha, a popular fermented tea beverage, was
analyzed using acid-base titration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Kombucha is made via the fermentation of
sweetened black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), which produces acetic acid as well as a variety of other organic
acids and vitamins. Caffeine is another prominent natural component of kombucha. The first aim of this study was to analyze the total acid
content of kombucha over a 14-day period in order to characterize the fermentation kinetics. Titration revealed that the total acid content
reached a maximum of 0.0582 M on day 14. The second aim of this study was to take this complex sample matrix and quantify two of its
constituent parts, acetic acid and caffeine, using HPLC. On day 16 of fermentation, the total caffeine concentration was 11.6 μg/mL. The
experiments developed in this study provide a means to characterize fermented beverages and will be implemented as a teaching lab for 3rd
year undergraduate college chemistry majors.
AGFD 134 Polyphenol antioxidants in savory snacks: Are any there? Jessica Goodman, [email protected], Joe A. Vinson,
[email protected]. Chemisry, Univ. of Scranton, Dalton, PA Snacking is increasing in both frequency and the in the % of adults
(90%) snacking on any given day in the US. Snacking more times per day is associated with consuming more calories. Children are now
snacking more often and snacks represent 27% of children's daily calories. Snacks for optimum health should be high in nutrients and the
trend for manufactures to use whole grain flours in snacks is increasing. The current Government adage is "Half your grains should be
whole". Since polyphenols have been shown to be beneficial for prevention of chronic diseases and for healthy aging it would be of interest
to determine the level of these compounds in commonly consumed savory snacks such as potato chips, pretzels, tortilla chips, crackers and
new snack Beanitos made from extruded cooked dry beans. We have measured the antioxidant polyphenols in methanolic extracts (free
polyphenols) and in our published basic hydrolysis procedure (total polyphenols) using the single reagent Folin method and catechin as the
standard. Hydrolysis produces a signficant increase in polyphenols in all the snacks. Only one product had free polyphenols; namely a local
product Sprouted Whole Grain Pretzel Puffs. It also had the higherst amount of total polyphenols among the 40 snacks we tested. Potato
chips amd cheese-flavored crackers were at the bottom of the rankings. Whole grain cracker swere higher than refined grain. Beanitos were
among the highest total polyphenol snack. Our current plans are to determine how much of the polyphenols bound to the fiber are liberated
during an in vitro digestion involving pH changes and enzyme additions. Previous results in our group with popcorn show that this digestion
produces an increase in free polyphenols making more polyphenols available for absorption and systemic circulation for potential health
benefits. We also plan to examine identify the polyphenols in the various extracts by HPLC and LC-MS.
AGFD 135 Isoflavone metabolism leading by the human intestinal bacteria Mihyang Kim, [email protected], Jaehong Han.
Systems biothechnology, Chung- Ang Univ., Anseong, Korea (the Republic of) Human gut microbiota has become the subject of extensive
research in recent years and our knowledge of intestinal bacteria and their potential functional capacity is rapidly growing. The microbial
community commonly referred to our hidden metabolic organ due to influence on human health, including host metabolism, physiology,
nutrition, and immune functions. There are some reports that the functions of intestinal bacteria to host. Recent studies of intestinal bacteria
have been mostly focused on metagenomics that is sequence microbial communities. But, metagenomic study cannot give us basic
information like stereochemical metabolic pathway. So, for the functional study of microbial community composed with thousands species,
the functional study of individual microbes is necessary. Stereochemical course of daidzein reduction into (3R)-dihydrodaidzein by the
human intestinal anaerobic bacterium Coprobacillus strain MRG-1 was studied. (3S)- dihydrodaidzein was converted to (3S)-equol via
(3S,4R)-tetrahydrodaidzein by the human intestinal anaerobic bacterium Eggerthella strain Julong 732. The isomerization of (3R)dihydrodaidzein to (3S)-dihydrodaidzein was also successfully observed. To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of (3S)-equol, the absolute
configurations of dihydrodaidzein and tetrahydrodaidzein were determined with synthesized each stereoisomer which was separated by semipreparative chiral column chromatography, and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy based on semiempirical experiments. The metabolic pathway of daidzein by two isolated human intestinal bacteria
AGFD 136 Analysis of aroma compounds in whiskey by DLLME-GC/MS Janel E. Owens, [email protected], Laura B. Zimmerman,
Michael A. Gardner, Luis Lowe, David A. Orban, Christine N. Goolsby. Chemistry and Biochemistry, Univ. of Colorado Colorado Springs
While the production processes of producing whiskey are tightly regulated, the distillation and cask aging impart many of the important
compounds responsible for the complex flavor that make each mature whiskey unique in taste and aroma. Understanding the chemical
components of a whiskey may help producers make a better product and/or aid in the protection of this high value product. There are several
well established methods for the characterization of the aroma compounds in foods and beverages such as solid phase micro-extraction or
liquid-liquid extraction. Methods that can rapidly confirm authenticity are of interest. Here, aroma compounds in whiskey (n = 15) were
extracted using ultrasound-assisted dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) where 500 μL of whiskey (which contains ethanol, an
excellent dispersive solvent) were mixed with 500 μL water and 200 μL chloroform (as extraction solvent). The chloroform extract was
analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with data manipulation by AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and
Identification System) to allow for comparisons between whiskey samples and creation of a mass spectral (MS) library of target compounds.
Aroma compounds commonly reported in the literature (furfural, isoamyl acetate, 5-methyl furfural, ethyl esters, phenylethyl alcohol,
whiskeylactone, and vanillin) were tentatively identified based upon the match to the MS library. The integration of this green chemistry
DLLME method into an upper-division analytical chemistry course is discussed.
AGFD 137 Biosorption of various mushrooms William Ryan1, [email protected], Craig Fowler1, Kasan Yuan1, Douglas J. Schauer2.
(1) Southwestern Michigan College, Dowagiac, Michigan, US (2) Chemical Technology, Ivy Tech Community College, Lafayette, Indiana,
In this study, the correlation between physical properties and biosorption capacity of fungi are explored. Mushrooms spanning a variety of
species are explored with the ultimate goal as finding a group with the highest potential for removing heavy metals from contaminated water.
Our presentation will highlight the most effective biosorbents from the study.
AGFD 138 Active site analysis of lepidopteran Farnesyl diphosphate synthase: Implications in omologous juvenile hormone
biosynthesis Stephanie E. sen, Taylor Horsfield, [email protected], Alexis Jones. Dept. of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing,
Juvenile hormone (JH) is a unique sesquiterpenoid, found only in insects, that serves a critical role in insect growth and development. The
biosynthesis of JH has been well documented and is known to follow the mevalonate pathway, producing farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a
key intermediate, which is formed by the action of FPP synthase (FPPS). Interestingly, the insect order Lepidoptera produces a family of
structurally related JH structures, which are derived from the incorporation of propionyl- CoA into the mevalonate pathway and the
intermediacy of FPP homologs. To understand the role of FPPS in JH homolog biosynthesis, we prepared homology models of FPPS from
four lepidopteran species– Choristoneura fumiferana, Bombyx mori, Manduca sexta, and Pseudaletia unipuncta– using the sequences of
FPPS2 cloned from each. The resulting protein structures were assessed for their ability to bind homologous substrates and products, and
these results were compared with the known JH homolog titers produced by each species. A correlation between active site volume and
homolog size was observed, with residues at -4 and -3 to the first aspartate rich motif (FARM) playing a critical role. The results of these
studies will be presented.
AGFD 139 Mercury analysis of tuna using a low-cost cold vapor spectroscopy apparatus Jesse Hernandez, [email protected].
School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's Univ., Austin, Texas, Cold Vapor Spectroscopy (CVS) is used to determine concentrations of
heavy metals that are highly toxic, usually mercury. The problem with a Cold Vapor Spectrometer is that they can be very costly so instead
of purchasing a new instrument an existing spectrometer can be altered. In this case, I used a Varian 240 Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer (AA) and made minor adjustments to the instrument and setup an apparatus for this type of analysis.
AGFD 140 Analysis of lipid transfer proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana by means of epitope tags to decipher the role of LTP4's lipid in
plant senescence Johanna Bautista, [email protected]. Biochemistry, California State Univ., Los Angeles, At the California State Univ.
of Los Angeles, Dr. Vellanoweth works with Arabidopsis thaliana researching the mechanism of plant senescence. Previous findings from
Dr. Vellanoweth's lab through microarray essays have found that during the bolting stage of the Arabidopsis thaliana, there are two specific
lipid transfer proteins that are being expressed in higher quantities than normal. RNAi knock down of these genes have produce a mutated
Arabidopsis thaliana that will keep bolting after having already bolted once. The objective now is to insert an epitope tagged lipid transfer
protein 4 (LTP4) gene into the Arabidopsis thaliana plant to be able to extract this lipid carrying protein for analysis. We expect that this
LTP4 gene and its product protein will help us decipher the role of that LTP4’s lipid has in plant senescence.
AGFD 141 Efforts toward the development of a titrimetric method for measuring biosorption capacity Susan Ardon1,
[email protected], Heather Duke1, Brendan Stewart1, Tobias Robertson1,2, Douglas J. Schauer1. (1) Southwestern Michigan College,
Berrien Springs, (2) Berrien Springs Virtual Academy, Berrien Springs, Michigan, Historically, data for the biosorption of heavy metals
has been measured via atomic absorption spectroscopy. Although accurate, this method requires a large investment of capital. Alternatively,
residual metal from a solution could be inexpensively titrated with a chelating agent to determine the biosorption capacity of a biomass
specimen. However, the viability of this method hinges on finding an indicator whose pH range and color is compatible with the chelating
agent and biomass, respectively. The present study explores the factors affecting the viability of a titration method to measure the biosorption
capacity of biomass. The validity of this method will then be presented in comparison with a biosorption study on maple leaves carried out
with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
AGFD 142 Photoswitchable imidacloprid derivatives: Controlling insecticidal activity with light Shao Xusheng,
[email protected]. East China Univ. of Science Tech, Shanghai, China Incorporating the azobenzene moiety into imidacloprid
produced a photoswitchable insecticidal molecule as the first neonicotinoid example of remote control insecticide performance with
spatiotemporal resolution. The designed photoswitchable insecticides showed distinguishable activity against Musca both in vivo and in vitro
upon irradiation. Molecular docking study further suggested the binding difference of the two photoisomers. The generation of these
photomediated insecticides provides novel insight into the insecticidal activity facilitating further investigation on the functions of insect
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and opens a novel way to control and study insect behavior on insecticide poisoning using light.
AGFD 143 Antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of color-fleshed potatoes Diganta Kalita1,
[email protected], Biehuoy Shieh2, Hadi Ali3, Daniel V. LaBarbera3, David G. Holm1, J. M. Petrash2, Sastry S. Jayanty1. (1)
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State Univ., Center, (2) Dept. of Ophthamology, Univ. of Colorado, Anschutz Medical
Campus, Aurora, (3) Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, U Potato is the fourth major
food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. Potato tubers with distinctive flesh and skin color are receiving considerable attention from the
consumers due to the presence of high levels of antioxidants. We determined the levels of total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA) and
total flavonoids (TF) and their antioxidant activities of selected potato cultivars and advanced selections with distinct flesh colors (purple,
red, yellow and white). Among these tubers purple and red potato cultivars had higher levels of TP, TA and TF than yellow and white ones.
The TP, TF and TA of Purple Majesty were found to be 4482.1 ± 154.7 µg GAE/g, 140.3 ± 20.1 µg QE/g and 2043.9 ± 22.7 µg C3GE/g
respectively. The antioxidant activities of purple majesty were found to be 84.69 ± 5.3, 301.02 ± 39.9 µmol TE/g in ABTS and ORAC assay
respectively. We tested the potential inhibitory effect of methanolic extracts of these potato tubers in the activity of aldose reductase (AR), a
key enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol using NADPH as cofactor. Purple flesh tubers showed the most effective
inhibition of AR activity, for example, 50 µg/ml of Purple Majesty extract inhibited 66 %.
AGFD 144 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from hazelnut shells Bo Yuan1,2, [email protected], Milford A.
Hanna1,2. (1) Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska–Lincoln, (2) Industrial Agricultural Products Center, Univ. of
Nebraska–Lincoln, Hazelnut shells, the major byproduct of the hazelnut industry, are rich in potentially health-promoting phenolic
compounds. However, limited research has been conducted on techniques, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction for extracting phenolic
antioxidants from hazelnut shells. As a result, the levels of phenolics and antioxidant activity of hazelnut shells are not known. In this
research, the phenolic compounds in hazelnut shells were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology using an ultrasonic
processor. Various parameters such as solvent type, solvent concentration, biomass to solvent ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasound time,
ultrasound intensity, length of the probe tip dipped into the solvent, and duty circle were explored for the extraction of phenolic compounds.
From economic viewpoint, the optimal conditions for the phenolic extraction from hazelnut shells were 0.3 g shell in 10 mL 50% (v/v)
acetone in water at 50oC, 1698 W/cm2 intensity, and 66.7% duty cycle for 30 min with probe tip length of 20 mm dipped into the extracting
solvent from the surface. The maximum extraction achieved under the prescribed optimum conditions was 11.15 mg GAE/g shell. In
addition, the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the hazelnut shell extract
under the prescribed optimum conditions were significantly higher than those from conventional extraction using shaking water bath under
the same extraction conditions (acetone concentration, biomass to solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and time). The optimum conditions
from ultrasound-assisted extraction is expected to improve the productivity of phenolic compounds from hazelnut shells.
AGFD 145 Effects of pod storage and fermentation duration on total polyphenols, o- diphenols, and anthocyanin concentrations in
cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa1, [email protected], John E. Kongor1,2, Jemmy Takrama3, Agnes S.
Budu1, Henry Mensah-Brown4. (1) Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Univ. of Ghana, Legon (2) Dept. of Food Quality and Food Safety,
Ghent Univ., Belgium (3) Biochemistry Dept., Cocoa Research Inst. of Ghana, Tafo, (4) Dept. of Food Process Engineering, Univ. of Ghana,
Legon, Ghana Fermentation of cocoa beans is critical to the development of flavour precursors that generate into distinctive chocolate
flavour notes during industrial manufacture. The process also leads to reduction in polyphenolic and anthocyanin content, which dictates the
levels of bitterness, astringency and colour development in chocolates. Prior to fermentation, the technique of pod storage could be used as a
method of pulp preconditioning of the beans and this has been found to cause changes in some biochemical constituents in fermented cocoa
beans. However, the extent to which pod storage would influence the polyphenolic constituents and anthocyanin concentrations in the beans
during fermentation still remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the effect of pod storage (as a means of pulp preconditioning) and
fermentation time on polyphenolic constituents and anthocyanin concentrations of cocoa beans. A 3x4 factorial design was conducted with
the principal factors as pod storage times (0, 3, 7, 10 days) and fermentation time (0, 3, 6 days). Samples were analyzed for total polyphenols,
o-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations using standard analytical methods. Increasing pod storage and fermentation led to variable
reductions in total polyphenols, o-diphenols and anthocyanins content of the beans. The rates of reduction were however more pronounced
during fermentation than pod storage. Storage of cocoa pods between 3–7 days with 6 and 7 days of fermentation respectively retained ~8590% of the total polyphenol and o-diphenols of the cocoa beans. Similarly, anthocyanin content of beans from the 10 days of pod storage
decreased by ~70% by the sixth day of fermentation. Pod storage decreased the anthocyanin content at all periods of fermentation, suggesting
that the post-harvest treatments of pod storage results in reductions in polyphenolic (total polyphenols and o-diphenols) and anthocyanin
content during fermentation of cocoa beans. However, fermentation exerted the greatest reduction in the polyphenolic and anthocyanins
content than pod storage suggesting that the fermentation
AGFD 146 Effect of solvent composition on grafting gallic acid onto chitosan via carbodiimides Ping Guo1, [email protected], John
D. Anderson2, Joseph J. Bozell2, Svetlana Zivanovic1. (1) Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, (2) Center for
Renewable Carbon, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Chitosan, as a natural polymer with a potential use in food packaging, exhibits only
secondary antioxidant (AOX) activity. The primary AOX activity can be introduced by grafting of phenolic compounds to its amino and/or
hydroxyl groups. Phenolic acids are efficient AOXs, acting by rapid donation of a hydrogen atom or electron terminating free radicals, and
resulting in relatively stable phenoxy radicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of solvent composition on efficiency of
grafting gallic acid (GA) onto chitosan in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide
(NHS). The activation of GA by EDC/NHS in different concentrations of d4-Methanol (CD3OD) /D2O was studied by nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR), which showed that higher methanol concentration inhibited successful grafting of GA by prohibiting the conversion of the
intermediate O- acylisourea ester to a more stable NHS ester. In contrast, the grafting was successfully performed in 25%, 50% and 75% aq.
ethanol (EtOH) as confirmed by FTIR. The efficiency of grafting was determined as Folin’s total phenolics and expressed as degree of
substitution (DS). The AOX properties of grafted chitosans were assessed as DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power using Kferricyanide. GA in 25% EtOH grafted to the largest extent, having DS=0.273. The DPPH activity and reducing power of GA- chitosan
grafted in 25% EtOH were also higher than of chitosan grafted in 50% and 75% EtOH. The results suggested that the solvent conditions can
be used to optimize the amidation/esterification between GA and chitosan via EDC/NHS.
AGFD 148 Analysis of grape seed tannins by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and ORBITRAP ESI-MS) Erika Salas1,
[email protected], Natercia Teixeira2, Silvia Maia2, Joana oliveira2, Nuno Mateus2, Victor De Freitas2. (1) Chemistry Dept.,
UACH, Chihuahua, Mexico (2) Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de investigação em química, Porto, Portugal Phenolic
compounds are essential for the quality of food products derived from fruits, especially in wine, phenolic compounds are responsible for the
astringency of red wines. Grape seed tannins were used as a source of phenolic compounds. A phenolic extract was made from grape seed
and was fractionated by low pressure chromatography on Toyopearl HW-40 gel. Different fractions were obtained by sequential elution with
organic solvents, and then analyzed by mass spectrometry. The polyphenolic composition of grape seed, and the fractions obtained from it,
were characterized by the means of mass spectrometry analysis using two different techniques: MALDI-TOF-TOF MS and ORBITRAP
ESI-MS (coupled to an HPLC/DAD). Phloroglucinolysis was performed on each fraction in order to estimate a mean degree of
polymerization. ORBITRAP ESI-MS is very complementary to MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. On one hand ORBITRAP ESI-MS allows to do
tandem MSn analysis. On the other hand MALDI-TOF- TOF analysis is the ideal technique for the analysis of complex mixtures as it
produces only a singly charged molecular ion for each parent molecule.
AGFD 149 Potentiometric PVC membrane sensors and their analytical applications in pharmaceuticals analysis: One example
potentiometric PVC membrane sensors determination of moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical dose form Gamal A. Mostafa,
[email protected]. Pharmaceuitcal Chemistry Dept., College of pharmacy, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Formation of PVC
membrane sensors using different approaches e.g. ion-pair, ionophore and Schiff-base as sensing membrane will discuss. Analytical
applications of membrane sensors for direct measurement of a wide variety of different ions in complex biological and pharmaceutical
samples were reported. The vital component of such plasticized PVC membrane is the sensing active material. The potentiometric sensors
have some outstanding advantages including simple design and operation, wide linear dynamic range, relative fast response and rational
selectivity. The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of Poly (vinyl chloride) membrane sensors for moxifloxacin HCl
(MOX) are described. The sensing membranes incorporate ion association complexes of moxifloxacin cation and sodium tetraphenyl borate
(NaTPB) (sensor 1), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) (sensor 2) or phosphotungstic acid (PTA) (sensor 3) as electroactive materials. The
sensors display a fast, stable and near-Nernstian response over a relative wide moxifloxacin concentration range (1 ×10-2 - 4.0×10-6, 1 × 102 - 5.0×10-6, 1 × 10-2 - 5.0×10-6 M), with detection limits of 3×10-6, 4×10-6 and 4.0×10-6 M for sensor 1, 2 and 3, respectively over a pH
range of 6.0 - 9.0. The sensors show good discrimination of moxifloxacin from several inorganic and organic compounds. The direct
determination of 400 mg/ml of moxifloxacin show an average recovery of 98.5, 99.1 and 98.6 % and a mean relative standard deviation of
1.8, 1.6 and 1.8% for sensors 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The proposed sensors have been applied for direct determination of moxifloxacin in
some pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained by determination of moxifloxacin in tablets using the proposed sensors are
comparable favorably with those obtained using the US Pharmacopeia method. The sensors have been used as indicator electrodes for
potentiometric titration of moxifloxacin.
AGFD 150 Development of phage-conjugated magnetic nanoprobes for bacterial separation Sam R. Nugen,
[email protected], Juhong Chen. 246 Chenoweth Laboratory, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, The lack of a practical method for
bacterial separation remains a hindrance for the low- cost and successful development of rapid detection methods from complex samples. A
current standard for the isolation of bacteria from liquid samples uses antibodies conjugated to magnetic particles (immunomagnetic
separation, IMS). While this method is widely used, improvements in capture efficiencies would result in an increase of the overall detection
assay performance. We have developed T7 bacteriophage magnetic probes, where T7 bacteriophage is bound to magnetic micro- and
nanoparticles. The magnetic particles were bound to T7 bacteriophages to allow specific recognition and attachment to E. coli cells. The
phage magnetic probes were directly compared to antibody-conjugated magnetic probes (both microbeads and nanoparticles). The capture
efficiencies of bacteriophages and antibodies on microbeads and nanoparticles for the separation of E. coli K12 were determined. The results
indicated that bacteriophage magnetic particles achieved a capture efficiency of 93.7 ± 1.1% in 15 minutes while traditional immunomagnetic
separation was able to achieve only 86.36 ± 2.6% in 30 minutes.
(a) Positive uranyl acetate staining of biotin T7 phage attached to
streptavidin-coated FeCo MNPs. (b) Comparison the capture efficiency among four kinds of magnetic probes: phage micro magnetic probes
(solid square line), phage nano magnetic probes (solid round line), antibody nano magnetic probes (hollow round line) and antibody micro
magnetic probes (hollow square line).
AGFD 151 Label-free detection of Salmonella typhimurium with ssDNA aptamers Bosoon Park1, [email protected], Bin
Wang2, Zhichao Lou2, Bingqian Xu3, Yongkuk Kwon4. (1) USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia, (2) Biological and Agricultural Engineering,
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, US (3) Coll of Engr Chemistry, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, (4) Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency,
Anyang, Korea (the Republic of) Foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica is one of the major causes of gastrointestinal infections in human
and animals. The conventional detection methods are time consuming and not effective enough under emergency circumstances to control
outbreaks immediately. Therefore, the biosensors that can detect Salmonella rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity are required for
modern food industry. Label-free detection methods can reduce the pre-treatments of sample and realize fast and sensitive detection. Since
aptamers have proved to be low-cost and stable binding reagents, aptamers have been integrated into various detection platforms for labelfree detection methods. In this research two techniques were used for the label-free detection of Salmonella serotypes. Atomic force
microscopy (AFM) has the ability to detect single bacterium in samples, which provide highest sensitivity and the useful information for
bacteria surface properties in terms of binding with anti-Salmonella aptamers. The AFM dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) was used to
measure the single-molecule interactions between aptamer and Salmonella surface protein in buffer solution, which maintains the
physiochemical activity of Salmonella. In order to develop the biosensor in field detection, the bulk solution platform surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) was used as another label-free technique for fast detection of Salmonella. Both AFM and SPR detection required special
surface modification with aptamers to capture the Salmonella bacteria, so that surface modification and bacteria deposition protocols have
been developed. Moreover, the interactions measured in SPR and AFM were compared to study the influence of microscopic environments
for the bacteria detection. The results of this study will facilitate further development of label-free biosensor for the detection of various
pathogens and toxins in food matrices.
AGFD 152 Integration of nanostructured dielectrophoretic device and surface-enhanced Raman probe for highly sensitive rapid
bacteria detection Foram Madiyar1, [email protected], Saheel Bhana4, Luxi Swisher1, Xiaohua Huang2, Christopher T. Culbertson3,
Jun Li5. (1) Dept. of Chemistry, Kansas State Univeristy, Manhattan, (2) Chemistry, The Univ. of Memphis, Germantown, Tennessee, (3)
Chemistry Dept., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, (4) Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Memphis, Tennessee, (5) Dept. of Chemistry, Kansas
State Univ., Manhattan, Kansas, US Rapid detection of pathogens like bacteria and viruses is of great importance for monitoring water and
food quality, the early detection of diseases, countering bioterrorism attacks, and other applications. Successful detection requires the
manipulation and capture pathogenic particles for further analysis. This work reports a synergistic approach for the concentration, detection
and kinetic monitoring of pathogens through the integration of nanostructured dielectrophoresis (DEP) with nanotag-labelled Surface
Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers (VACNFs) at the bottom of a microfluidic chip was used to
effectively capture and concentrate nanotag-labelled E. coli cells onto an active area at which the Raman laser probe was focused. The SERS
nanotags were based on iron oxide-gold (IO-Au) core-shell nanoovals were coated with QSY21 Raman reporters and attached to E. coli cells
through specific immunochemistry. The SERS signal was measured with both a confocal Raman microscope and a portable Raman probe
during DEP capture, and was fully validated with fluorescence microscopy measurements under all DEP conditions. The combination of the
greatly enhanced Raman signal by the SERS nanotags and the effective DEP concentration significantly improved the detection limit as low
as 210 cfu/mL and speed of detection of only ~50 s. The SERS measurements were sensitive enough to detect a single bacterium. These
results demonstrate the potential to develop a compact portable system for rapid and highly sensitive detection of specific pathogens. Such
system is reusable, requires minimum sample preparation, and is ideal for field applications.
Schematic of the microfluidic
dielectrophoresis device under a Raman microscope for bacteria detection. (a) The overall experimental setup (b) Enlarged schematic view
of DEP capture of the bacteria. (c) Optical microscope image showing the microfluidic channel and the active square at the center. (d) The
Raman intensity after 50 s of DEP capture from the bacteria solution with the concentration varying from 5 to 1.0 x 109 cfu/mL.
AGFD 153 Accurate experimental design for the characterization and quantitation of Antrodia cinnamomea triterpenoids with
RSM, qNMR, and HPLC-tandem MS: A tough case to crack Tung-Ying Wu1, [email protected], Ying-Chi Du2, Mohamed ElShazly3, Mei-Chin Lu4, Yu-Ming Hsu5, Kuei-Hung Lai5, Ching-Peng Chiu5, Fang-Rong Chang5, Yang-Chang Wu6. (1) Chinese Herbal
Medicine Research Center, China Medical Univ., Taichung, Taiwan (2) Dept. of Botanicals, Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry
Technology and Development Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan (3) Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Ain-Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt (4) Graduate Inst. of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa Univ., Pingtung, Taiwan (5)
Graduate Inst. of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical Univ., Kaohsiung, Taiwan (6) School of Pharmacy, College of
Pharmacy, China Medical Univ., Taichung, Taiwan Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is an Asian treasured medicinal mushroom, which has
attracted attention due to the recent reports on its potency in targeting several serious ailments including cancer and liver diseases. Among
different AC components, triterpenoids are considered the most therapeutically attractive constituents due their cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activities. In the current investigation, we proposed a mathematical and statistical extraction protocol for evaluating the
concentrations of the total ergostane and lanostane triterpenoid derivatives, from the ethanolic extract of the wild fruiting bodies of AC
(EEAC) by using response surface methodology (RSM) and quantitative NMR (qNMR). The optimum response surface model illustrated
that the variations of the studied response variables reached more than 90% indicating the accuracy of the developed model in explaining the
variability of responses. On the other hand, the quantification of EEAC total triterpenoids was performed by comparing the HPLC-tandem
MS results with those of the qNMR results. The accuracy of the used techniques was also evaluated. The experimental design of EEAC
optimum extraction procedure obtained using RSM and qNMR allowed the accurate characterization and quantitation of Antrodia
cinnamomea triterpenoids.
AGFD 154 Anti-inflammatory constituents of Cordyceps militaris Ching-Peng Chiu3, [email protected], Tung-Ying Wu4,
Chia-Lin Lee1, Ying- Chi Du5, Mohamed El-Shazly6, You Chan7, Chih-Hsin Tang8, Fang-Rong Chang2, Yang- Chang Wu9. (1) Dept. of
Cosmeceutics, China Medical Univ., Taichung, Taiwan (2) Graduate Inst. of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical Univ., Kaohsiung,
Taiwan (3) Graduate Inst. of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical Univ., Kaohsiung, Taiwan (4) Chinese Herbal
Medicine Research Center, China Medical Univ., Taichung, Taiwan (5) Dept. of Botanicals, Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry
Technology and Development Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan (6) Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Ain-Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt (7) Inst. of Microbiology, Chung Shan Medical Univ., Taichung, Taiwan (8) Graduate Inst. of
Basic Medical Science, China Medical Univ., Taichung, Taiwan (9) School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical Univ.,
Taichung, Taiwan Cordyceps militaris is a treasured and edible fungus which is native to China. C. militaris has been used for millennia as a
folk remedy for its health promoting effect as well as its healing potential especially against inflammatory disorders. Previous reports have
generally focused on the isolation of C. militaris major constituents such as saccharides, nucleosides, mannitol, and sterols. However, reports
on its minor secondary metabolites such as ceramide and cerebroside derivatives were scarce. Aiming to reveal the phytochemical profile of
C. militaris fruiting bodies, we utilized bioactivity-guided fractionation to isolate its cerebroside constituents which possess antiinflammatory activity. The fruiting bodies were cultured in Chung Shan Medical Univ., Taiwan. The EtOH extract of C. militaris fruiting
bodies was partitioned into n-hexane, 90% MeOH (aq), n- BuOH and H2O. Among the obtained fractions, the 90% MeOH (aq) layer
exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. Seven secondary metabolites, including three new cerebrosides (1-3), together with two
nucleosides and two sterols were isolated from the 90% MeOH (aq) fraction. The chemical structures of compounds 1-3 were established by
extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methanolysis. Compounds 1-3 significantly inhibited the
accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein and reduced the expression of COX-2 protein in LPS- stimulated RAW264.7
macrophage cells. These results support the folk medicinal use of C. militaris as a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
AGFD 155 Isolation and structural characterization of five constituents from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. by multistep process
Mingqiang Zhu1,2, [email protected], Jialong Wen2, Yanyan Dong2, Yinquan Su1, Qin Wei1, Runcang Sun2. (1) College of Forestry,
Northwest A&F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, China (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry Univ., Beijing ,
China Barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) are traditional Chinese medicine, and also raw materials for the preparation of
gutta-percha production as an engineering material. For value-added applications of EU barks from leaf-oriented tree (LOT) and forest-tree
(FT) and LTM leaves, a successive multi-step extraction procedure was proposed. This method involved three main stages: isolation of the
water-soluble extract and polysaccharides by water extraction, pretreatment of the water-extracted residue with aqueous sodium hydroxide to
release the alkali-extractable polysaccharides and lignan, and enzymatic hydrolysis of the alkali-extracted residue for obtaining gutta- percha.
The yields of the constituents from EU were the water-soluble extract 4.13- 5.03% , water-soluble polysaccharides 3.81-8.55% , alkaliextractable polysaccharides 12.19-26.06% , lignan 1.99-8.65% and gutta-percha 2.01-6.50%. The chemical composition, molecular weights
and structures of the EU water-soluble polysaccharides, alkali-extractable polysaccharides, lignan and gutta-percha were comprehensively
elucidated by HPAEC, GPC, FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. In addition, the main active compounds in water-soluble
extractives were identified by HPLC. It was found that the primary active components of water-soluble extract from leaves were chlorogenic
acid and geniposidic acid. However, those in bark were rutin and geniposide. The total content of the water-soluble extract from leaves
(5.37%) was more than that of LOT (1.73%) and FT (2.21%) barks. Furthermore, the water-soluble and alkali-extractable polysaccharides in
LOT bark and leaves were mainly composed of araban, galactan and xylan, while those from FT bark were glucan. Moreover, the guttapercha polmer extracted from barks showed a typical unimodal molecular-weight distribution, whereas that from leaves exhibited a bimodal
distribution. This study provided a promising multi-step extraction processes for value-added and potential industrial application of EU
resources.
AGFD 156 Improved the emulsion stability of phosvitin from hen egg yolk against different pH by the covalent attachment with
dextran Haiying Chen, [email protected]. Jiangnan Univ., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Phosvitin (Pv) from hen egg yolk was conjugated to
dextran (Dex) through the initial stage of Maillard reaction in an aqueous system (Pv:Dex, 1:4 (w/w); Mw of Dex, 40 kDa) at 100 ℃ for 6 h.
The red shift of λmax occurred to Pv after the conjugation reaction from 355 to 362 nm and from 510 to 520 nm of intrinsic and extrinsic
fluorescence emission spectra respectively. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that partial unordered secondary structure of Pv
transformed into α-helix and β-turn after conjugating with Dex. The solubility of Pv-Dex conjugates represented an increase from 53.0% to
79.3% at pH 4.0. The zeta-potential of all tested emulsions decreased with lowering pH from 7.0 to 4.0. The interfacial thickness of Pv (1.0
mg/ml) absorbed onto latex particles at pH 4.0 was prominently increased by conjugation with Dex. Both the highest emulsion stability index
(ESI) and the slight fluctuation of D[4,3] of Pv-Dex conjugates illustrated that conjugation of Pv with Dex would be an effective method to
improve its emulsion stability against more acidic pH environment.
The emulsions at pH 7.0 and 4.0 stabilized by phosvitin after covalent
bonding with dextran.
AGFD 157 Protein level determination in foods: A comparison of analytical methods Mark C. Azih, [email protected]. Dept. of
Chemistry, Ambrose Alli Univ., Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria A comparison of four spectrophotometric methods of determining soluble
proteins was carried out on some food samples. The methods used include the biuret, Folin-Lowry, Coomasie Brilliant Blue G-250, and
absorbance at 280nm (E280). The Kjeldahl method for total crude protein estimation was also used. Each of the spectrophotometric methods
exhibited some advantages and limitations. The values obtained are in the order: Coomasie Blue > biuret > Folin-Lowry > E280. The FolinLowry method showed the greatest deviation from the trend shown by the other methods. A scheme is proposed to explain the observed
trend.
AGFD 158 Influence of branched limit dextrin on wheat starch gels retrogradation Jin Xu2, [email protected], xuerong fan1,
Xueming Xu3. (1) Jiangnan Univ., Wuxi, China (2) Jiangnan Univ., Wuxi, China The effect of branched limited dextrin (BLD) on wheat
starch retrogradation was investigated to explain the anti-firming mechanism of α-amylase. The influence of BLD on the gelatinized wheat
starch retrogradation was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD). DSC and
WXRD results showed that retrogradation of wheat starch gels were reduced with the addition of branched limit dextrins (F75 and F88).
Avrami equation was used to analyse the enthalpies of retrograde wheat starch gels, and the value of k indicated that F75 and F88 reduced the
kinetics of starch retrogradation. In addition, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was adapted to predict the interaction of BLD and starch
fraction, and the results showed that the BLD reduced starch retrogradation by the interplay between starch and BLD.
AGFD 159 Modified fermentation method of producing virgin coconut oil Norma D. Flores1, [email protected], Joseph Cuya2,
[email protected]. (1) Chemistry, Hill College,Johnson County, Keene, Texas, (2) Century Pacific Food , Inc., Bagumbayan, Taguig
City, Philippines ABSTRACT CUYA, Joseph R., and FLORES, Norma D. - M.S., PhD Corporate Quality Assurance CENTURY
PACIFIC FOOD, INC #32 Arturo Drive, Bagumbayan, Taguig City, Philippines This study was an attempt at establishing a method of
producing and storing VCO which could be more economical in terms of money, time, and efforts. It also determined the oxidative stability
of the VCO produced using the Modified Fermentation Method. The findings obtained are as follows: a) The average % moisture of the VCO
fermented at 20C is 0.087 while that fermented at 32.50C is 0.067. b) The average FFA of the VCO samples produced at 20C is 0.36% while
that of VCO samples produced at 32.50C is 0.33% and that the values are below the national standard for the %FFA of VCO. c) The Initial
Peroxide Value of the VCO samples indicate that the average IPV at 20C is 3.5 meq/kg oil while that of VCO samples produced at 32.50C is
3.9 meq/kg oil and that the values are above the national standard for the IPV of VCO. d) The average SV of the VCO samples produced at
20C is 257.5 mg KOH/g oil while that of VCO samples produced at 32.50C is 250.9 mg KOH/g oil and that these values are within the range
of the national standard for SV for VCO of 248 – 265 mg KOH/g oil. e) The average IV of the VCO samples produced at 20C is 6.3 g
iodine/100 g oil while that of VCO samples produced at 32.50C is 7.50 g iodine/100 g oil and that the values are within the range set by the
national standard for the IV of VCO. f) The oxidative stability of the VCO produced using the Modified Fermentation Method was compared
with the VCO produced by other methods in terms of % FFA and % moisture. The % moisture of the VCO produced using the Modified
Fermentation Method has the lowest range (0.07 -0.9). Although its % FFA (0.36) is a bit higher than the VCO produced by most of the
identified methods, it is also comparable to the %FFA (0.28-0.33) of the VCO produced by the Fermentation Process.
AGFD 160 Water is indeed a crucial resource Satinder Ahuja, [email protected]. R&D, Ahuja Consulting, Calabash, North Carolina,
After air, water is the most essential requirement for human survival. Water is used to produce food and energy from a variety of sources. We
need food for our survival; however, it can also be used for producing energy. For example, corn is used to produce ethanol, which can be
used as fuel in automobiles. A great deal of water is required to produce hydroelectric energy; however, the water sent over the dam can still
be used for other purposes. However, the water used for thermal, nuclear, or shale resources require significant treatment before it can be
used for other purposes. The necessity of water in the production of food and energy clearly indicates that human survival is not possible
without water. Together, water, food and energy help us maintain and improve our lifestyle. It should be noted that energy is necessary to
produce and distribute water for domestic use and for irrigation of food crops, i.e., there is a nexus among these three important resources.
This lecture will explore the role that food, energy, and water play in maintaining our lives and existence, and it will cover how we should
address the nexus of food, energy, and water.
AGFD 161 Water and wine James N. Seiber1, [email protected], Valentino Tianco2, Joselito Real2. (1) Dept of Environmental
Toxicology, Univ. of California Davis, (2) RST Cellars, Davis, California, The increase in wine consumption has fostered an increase in the
numbers of vineyards and wineries in California over the past 2 decades. The increased grape and wine production coupled with the current
severe drought in the U.S. Southwest have focused attention on water demands for the industry. A number of measures are now in common
practice, including use of drought tolerant grape rootstock, drip irrigation, soil moisture monitoring and other water conserving technologies.
Growers are using more ground water pumping in part because of concern over dwindling surface water allocations. Water is an essential
component in the winery as well, mainly used for cleaning and purification (crushers-destemmers, presses, containers) as well as dilution of
process streams. Aqueous solutions of various cleaning and purification chemicals are in common use. The industry has responded to the
drought by practicing efficiency, technology substitution, and water reuse. The effects of these measures, and prospects for future water
conservation methods, will be discussed in regards to a current motto: “Save water, drink wine.”
AGFD 162 Foundations of water quality monitoring and assessment in the US Donna N. Myers, [email protected]. Mail Stop 412
National Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, From 1800 to 1975, water quality activities in the US grew in geographic scope
and complexity from local surveys involving a few physical and chemical measurements to statewide, regional, and national programs
addressing a multitude of water-quality issues. Before 1817, all known water analyses described the mineral content of spring waters. After
1830, water supply surveys were the major purpose for water-quality assessments. Natural waters were tested for taste, color, odor, specific
gravity, effects noticed on boiling; total, non-volatile and volatile matter; and mineral content. In the twentieth century, analyses of major and
minor elements, dissolved solids, and turbidity were relied upon to determine if natural waters were suitable for development of public and
industrial supplies, steam power generation, and crop irrigation. Assessment of water pollution and waterborne disease became another major
purpose for water quality monitoring by 1865. The search for reliable answers to the question ‘Is the water safe to drink?’ spurred the
development of new methods for the analyses of nitrogen compounds and organic matter. Such analyses were effective indicators of past
pollution, but proved insufficient to assess the immediate health consequences of drinking polluted water. By 1890, the germ theory of
disease led to indicator bacteria tests and drinking water chlorination, which by 1920, resulted in a sharp decline in waterborne diseases.
However, many beneficial uses of water resources were limited by water pollution from industrial, municipal, and mining wastes and
agricultural runoff. From 1946 to 1974, drinking water and water pollution control laws, regulations, and water quality monitoring programs
were established and advances in organic, inorganic, and isotope chemistry; aquatic ecology, toxicology; and hydrology were applied in
monitoring and assessment programs. By 1975, water-quality programs were preparing to meet future challenges and to answer the question
“Is water quality getting better or worse”?
AGFD 163 Chemical characterization of brackish groundwater resources of the US Peter McMahon1, [email protected], John
Karl Böhlke2, Katharine Dahm3, Jennifer Stanton4, David Parkhurst1. (1) U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado, (2) U.S. Geological
Survey, Reston, Virginia, (3) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lakewood, Colorado, (4) U.S. Geological Survey, Lincoln, Nebraska, The
demand for brackish groundwater is likely to grow as fresh groundwater resources are depleted, especially in parts of the country that are
projected to have hotter and drier climates in the future. The most recent national assessment of brackish groundwater resources in the US
was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the 1960s on the basis of data from about 1,000 wells (Feth et al., 1965). Since that
time, substantially more hydrologic and chemical data have been collected by various entities. The USGS is compiling many of those data for
an updated national assessment of brackish groundwater resources. Although brackish groundwater occurs at depth nationwide, its
availability and value depend on a combination of physical and chemical characteristics of the resource. Chemical factors include chemical
requirements of the proposed use, chemical characteristics of the resource, and treatment technologies to make the resource compatible with
the use. This presentation will discuss relations between these three chemical factors.
AGFD 164 Water challenges in unconventional in situ energy resource extraction technologies Tanya J. Gallegos1,
[email protected], Carleton Bern4, Justin E. Birdwell3, Seth S. Haines3, Mark Engle2. (1) Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, U.S.
Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, (2) Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, El Paso, Texas, (3) Central
Energy Resources Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, (4) Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center,
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Unconventional in-situ extraction techniques have become increasingly important in the
development of oil, gas, and uranium resources that are generally not recoverable and/or economic using “conventional” extraction methods.
These in-situ extraction methods include hydraulic fracturing for shale-gas and tight-oil production, in-situ retorting for oil-shale production,
and extraction of uranium using in-situ recovery (ISR), a solution mining technique. Water is both indirectly and directly linked to these insitu energy development methods because they occur in place (underground) and/or require the injection of water, often fresh, into the
subsurface. Although they usually have a relatively small land-surface footprint, there remain uncertainties regarding potential subsurface
impacts, particularly to groundwater resources. Possible concerns include: (1) releases of chemical additives, and mining fluids added during
the extraction process, and mobilization of naturally occurring trace metals, organics and radionuclides from minerals and formation waters;
(2) alteration of groundwater equilibrium such that returning post-extraction groundwater quality conditions back to pre-development
conditions is difficult; (3) uncertainties in the likelihood of contaminant migration along newly created fractures in petroleum reservoirs or
from uranium mining zones to near-surface groundwater aquifers, especially drinking water sources; and (4) large volumes of surface water
or groundwater used during "injection" resulting in significant freshwater consumption. High salinity, organic compounds, and trace metals
in wastewaters from oil and gas production and uranium ISR make deep injection wells and recycling popular handling options, depending
on treatment. Although wastewaters from uranium ISR operations are not reused in agriculture mainly due to high concentrations of radium,
moderate salinity wastewaters from coalbed methane and enhanced oil recovery are being reused in irrigated agriculture in the US and
Australia. These precedents suggest that opportunities can exist under the right circumstances even with other unconventional energy
extraction methods that produce wastewaters with compositions more challenging to beneficial reuse. Water is a vital resource for both
agriculture and in-situ energy development processes and as pressure on water supplies increases, it is worthwhile to explore innovative new
linkages among these industries.
AGFD 165 Energy and water nexus in urban environments Tamim Younos, [email protected]. The Cabell Brand Center for Global
Poverty and Resource Sustainability Studies, Salem, Virginia, The demand for energy to produce potable water supplies continues to
increase due to growing global population. The demand is highest in urban environments where there is increased demand for water due to
concentrated population and high commercial and industrial activities. At present, energy intensive potable water is mostly imported from
elsewhere for consumption in urban areas. There is a significant need for a paradigm shift and innovative solutions to address critical high
water consumption in urban areas. Developing strategies to implement potable water production systems in urban areas is an emerging issue.
This presentation will illustrate energy use for water in some major U.S. cities and will discuss opportunities for energy use efficiency for
producing potable water supply systems through alternative water sources (wastewater reuse and seawater desalination), using renewable
energy sources (e.g., solar energy) for producing potable water supplies, and implementation of decentralized water infrastructure such as
rainwater harvesting systems for water and energy conservation.
AGFD 166 Effect of upflow velocity on nutrient recovery from swine wastewater by fluidized bed struvite crystallization Ralf Ruffel
M. Abarca1, [email protected], Remegio S. Pusta1, Rea B. Labad1, Jenz Lawrence A. Andit1, Claudine M. Rejas1, Mark Daniel G. de
Luna2, Ming-Chun Lu3. (1) Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State Univ.- Iligan Inst. of Technology, Iligan City,
Lanao del Norte, Philippines (2) Chemical Engineering, Univ. of the Philippines Diliman, Taguig City, Philippines (3) Dept. of
Environmental Resources Management, Chia-Nan Univ. of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan Swine breeding industry has developed
rapidly in recent years and generated a sizable quantity of wastewater. Swine wastewater contains high concentration of nitrogen and
phosphorus which contributes to widespread eutrophication. Recovery of these nutrients from wastewater has gained interest recently
because of the alarming depletion of the phosphate reserves and for their environmental impact. In this study, fluidized-bed crystallization
(FBC) was used to treat synthetic swine wastewater by crystallizing struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate
(MgNH4PO4•6H2O) with the same crystal as a seed. The effect of upflow velocity on the phosphate removal was likewise investigated.
Fluidized bed crystallization was conducted at phosphate concentration of 150 mg/L, 10.0 g/L seed dose, pH 9.53, Mg/P molar ratio of 1.3,
N/P molar ratio of 4 and upflow velocity ranging from 20-50 cm/min. Results show that as the up-flow velocity is increased from 20-35
cm/min the phosphate recovery also increased from 93-95%, however, further increase will lower the recovery to 94%. Ammonium recovery
increased from with increasing upflow velocity. Maximum ammonium recovery of 90% was achieved at 50 cm/min upflow velocity. From
the sieve analysis, small crystals are of higher quantity than big crystals for all levels, however, the relative amount of small crystals are high
for higher upflow velocities.
AGFD 167 Contaminated irrigation water and the associated human health risks Tsanangurayi Tongesayi, [email protected].
Dept Of Chemistry and Physics, Monmouth Univ. , West Long Branch, NJ The use of contaminated water, particularly wastewater, in
agriculture is quite widespread and is positively correlated with poverty. The major drivers of the practice include natural scarcity amid
increasing demand; contamination of traditional sources of irrigation water and lack of alternatives; affordability, availability, and nutritional
value of wastewater; and market incentives. Unfortunately, water, soils and crops are getting contaminated, and illnesses have been linked to
the contaminants through diet as well as occupational and recreational activities. The major polluters of water are the population-driven
activities that include industry, urbanization, and agriculture, with the major contaminants being heavy metal(loid)s, micro- and nanomaterials, pharmaceuticals, dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, phthalates, and pathogens. The farmers and consumers in most countries where untreated
wastewater is routinely used in agriculture have little to no knowledge of the risks involved which betrays the lack of risk analysis data on the
issue. The lack of data complicates the enactment, implementation, and enforcement of regulations because regulating the unknown makes no
sense, if at all possible. This could be the major reason some countries that purport to have regulations cannot enforce them. Robust policy
which includes investment in water technology can only result from a government-mandated risk analysis that involves scientists, farmers,
consumers, and the media. It is risk analysis that should inform public policy and not the other way round. Continuing the practice is just like
dumping hazardous waste at dumpsites, yet in reality, these are agricultural lands, and health impacts will be severe. Something drastic has to
happen, and poverty and droughts cannot continue to be the scapegoats.
AGFD 168 Optimizing water resources: An Israeli approach Hessy L. Taft, [email protected]. St John's Univ., New York, New York, Rising
global temperatures promote prolonged droughts and flash flooding, thereby reducing crop yields. Rising populations make increasing
demands on water for domestic consumption. In mid-latitude regions like the semi-arid Middle East, water availability is severely limited by
a high evaporation/precipitation ratio. This paper addresses innovative techniques deployed by Israel to increase the supply of freshwater for
both irrigated agriculture and domestic needs. Foremost in improving water management in agriculture is the need to implement sustainable
irrigation techniques. These include:1) drip irrigation which minimizes water loss; 2) the recycling of purified sewage water for replenishing
groundwater, and its storage in sealed reservoirs to prevent evaporation and contamination; 3) desalination of both sea water and brackish
water that preserves membranes and is less energy intensive; and 4) the collection of storm water directed to existing water supplies, thereby
minimizing runoff. This paper also describes anthropogenic pollution of aquifers and recent Israeli research findings that long term overextraction in non-coastal aquifers, leads to salinization of groundwater from upflow of deep seated pressurized brines. Mechanisms for such
geogenic pollution are unknown and the emerging world challenge will be described. International cooperation with Jordan to build a conduit
from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea, a project funded by the World Bank, is intended to augment desalinated water in both countries and
provide a means of revitalizing the Dead Sea.
AGFD 169 Impacts of EPA’s Clean Power Plan on electricity generation and water use in Texas Paul Faeth, [email protected]. Energy,
Water & Climate, CNA Corp., Arlington, Virginia, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a new rule, the Clean
Power Plan (CPP), under the Clean Air Act to control carbon dioxide emissions from existing stationary electric power plants. In order to
better understand the potential impacts of the rule for water consumption and withdrawals in Texas, a state that is experiencing on-going
drought, we apply a power generation policy model that accounts for thermoelectric cooling water to evaluate water use along with other
economic and environmental indicators. We explore two scenarios, a Baseline and the implementation of the CPP. We find the CPP could
reduce water consumption in 2029 by 21 percent compared to 2012.
AGFD 170 Desalination for expanding water supplies John H. Lienhard, [email protected]. Adbul Latif Jameel World Water and Food
Security Lab, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The world’s renewable fresh water supply may be considered
to be the difference between precipitation over land and evaporation; and this supply is essentially fixed while world population rises and the
water demands of developing economies grow. As a result, water scarcity is a increasing problem throughout the world, with water shortages
impacting both agricultural and urban populations and with substantial environmental damage as a result of water diversions for human use.
Desalination of saline water provides a means of expanding the supply of fresh water, especially for coastal populations, but also for some
inland needs including agriculture. Desalination is also essential for remediation of various high salinity wastewaters. The removal of
dissolved salts is normally the most energy intensive of all water purification process, and so the development of energy efficient desalination
systems is essential to the viability of such technology. Separation processes based on semipermeable membranes have seen substantial
improvements, and real breakthroughs, in recent years, but thermal desalination processes – distillation – continue to have distinct advantages
over membrane processes in several situations. This presentation will consider the processes and thermodynamics of desalination from the
perspectives of energy efficiency and thermal design. Current research and technology development will be discussed. Examples will be
drawn from current research at MIT, including humidification-dehumidification desalination, membrane distillation, electrodialysis, and
other processes. Reverse osmosis desalination plant, Swansea, Massachusetts
AGFD 171 Improving water use estimates for the US Nancy L. Barber, [email protected]. U.S. Geological Survey, Norcross, Georgia,
[1st paragraph: summary of 2010 water use and trends in the US, to be added after report is released the week of Nov. 3] The USGS
National Water-Use Information Program is working on several fronts to improve water-use data and science. Research on thermoelectric
power plant usage has yielded the models to consistently estimate consumptive use and provide quality- assurance thresholds for evaluating
reported withdrawals. For public supply and thermoelectric power water use, work is underway to develop a site-specific database for the
country with locations and withdrawal amounts that can be integrated into streamflow models and other science or management tools. For the
irrigation sector, improved remote sensing methods are helping to refine aggregated estimates to field- level data of consumptive use.
Additionally, the USGS National Water Census focus- area studies are piloting efforts to develop more detailed databases on conveyances,
return flow, and interbasin transfers; all important components of water-use accounting.
AGFD 172 Water security in a warming world David Michel, [email protected]. The Stimson Center, Washington, District of
Columbia, Policymakers around the world face a host of overlapping demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental challenges as they
strive to fulfill their societies’ growing water needs. Expanding populations, shifting consumption patterns, and ongoing global climate
change are imposing potentially unsustainable strains on Earth’s freshwater resources. Some 1.6 billion people worldwide currently reside in
river basins suffering severe water stress. By 2050 their number will reach 3.9 billion. Nearly the entire populations of the Middle East,
Central and South Asia, and much of China and North Africa, will then live in severely water stressed basins. Already, water use in many
major rivers increasingly approaches or exceeds annual renewable supplies. Global climate change threatens to exacerbate these strains,
generating chronic pressures on water availability, such as shifting precipitation patterns, and acute crises, such as floods and droughts. Many
observers worry that sharpened competition between countries and communities dependent on common water sources could spur social
conflicts and undermine political stability in key areas of the world. Yet addressing water security poses more multi- faceted challenges than
public and policy perceptions of declining availability suggest. Much of the strain on the planet’s water flows not from insufficient supplies
but from ineffective management. Agriculture accounts for two-thirds of global water withdrawals, yet in many countries considerable
irrigation water never reaches farmers’ crops, instead evaporating from flooded fields or seeping from unlined canals. Similarly, many
current tensions, as well as future risks, stem not from struggles over water scarcities but over water policies. Thus one country may opt to
build a dam – to increase its water storage capacity against drought, provide for irrigation, or generate hydropower. But the decisions of dam
operators upstream to retain water in the reservoir, divert water for crops, or release water to turn the turbines, can all impact the ability of
downstream neighbors to control their own water supplies. One country’s efforts to ensure its water security upriver may impinge upon other
countries’ security downriver. Sustainably managing multiple and mounting demands on the world’s water resources will require collective
institutions and collaborative approaches to integrate competing uses, reconcile contending interests, and ensure the environmental
commonweal.
AGFD 173 Decreasing the severity of chemical pretreatment processes of switchgrass through storage Danielle Julie Carrier1,
[email protected], Mark Wilkins2, Michael Buser2, Noaa Frederick1. (1) BAEG-203 ENGR, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, (2) Biosystems
and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State, Stillwater, Severe biomass pretreatment, such as high acid concentration, temperature, or
retention times, are often needed to prepare biomass for saccharification. Unfortunately, high severities result in the production of toxic
byproducts, which are, among others, degradation products that stem from the decomposition of glucose and xylose into
hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural, respectively. It is well known in the community that HMF and furfural inhibit enzymatic
hydrolysis and fermentation. HMF and furfural are usually removed from the pretreated biomass by washing with successive volumes, but
this washing step implies colossal water usage that will be difficult to implement on a commercial (or technology deployment) scale. On the
other hand, the pretreatment step cannot be omitted from biochemical processing because, without pretreatment, the expensive enzymes
cannot access and hydrolytically cleave complex carbohydrates into coveted monomeric sugars. The catch-22 around pretreatment puts
biochemically- based manufacturing processes in a bind, and there is a persistent knowledge gap as to how to proceed. In order to reduce
pretreatment severities, thereby increasing enzyme and fermentation efficiencies, storage could be used prior to pretreatment to loosen the
plant cell wall, facilitating sugar release. By reducing pretreatment severities, degradation product concentrations could be minimized,
decreasing the volumes of water necessary for the bioprocess. Results from 65-day field stored switchgrass (with barn storage as control)
pretreated with dilute acid will be presented. Results showed that field storage decreased production of HMF, but increased production of
furfural relative to barn storage. Results on switchgrass storage of round bales seeded with Pleurotus ostreastus and then pretreated with
liquid hot water will also be presented. It is possible that biomass storage could become an element of the complex feedstock supply chain
that could be used to minimize overall pretreatment severity, minimizing degradation product generation and overall water requirements of
the bioprocess.
AGFD 174 Coupling surface water remediation to sustainable energy: Toward off-grid production of algae for biofuels John B.
Miller, [email protected]. Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo, Excess nutrients from agricultural inputs have been implicated in
large algal blooms in the Great Lakes and elsewhere, resulting in degraded water quality with subsequent consequences. Reduction of the
nutrient load into large water bodies depends on reduction of nutrient outflows from surrounding drainage basins. Modern farming techniques
reduce fertilizer application rates and limit the effects of major erosive events, but even small, adventitious excesses accumulate over an
entire watershed. To reduce nutrient loads in surface waters beyond what conservation measures can achieve may require treatment. On a
watershed scale, this can be accomplished by treating very large volumes with a few localized facilities, or treating small volumes with many
distributed facilities. Nutrient scrubbers based on periphyton communities, so- called algal turfs, have proven to be an effective technique for
absorbing nutrients from surface waters in several locations. The turf can be easily harvested, and the lignin-free carbohydrates in the turf
used to produce fermented biofuels. The residual material left after fuel production contains the bulk of the nutrients absorbed by the algal
turf, and is an effective fertilizer. This work examines the links between nutrient capture and bio- energy production using algal turfs,
focusing on methods that are appropriate for distributed, small-scale installations. Particular attention is paid to concerns for remote or
unattended operation in locations without access to a power grid.
AGFD 175 Water for food production: Will we have enough? John W. Finley, [email protected]. Louisiana State Univ., Baton
Rouge, Water is critical to all steps of the food chain from production to processing. Consequently the interactions and competition for water
become very complex. In North America, vast quantities of water are required for irrigation which has forced us to keep going deeper and
deeper to find aquifers that provide enough water. The recovery of energy for all uses competes for our limited water resources. The need for
irrigation water is exacerbated by climate change which increases risk of drought. In Africa there is very limited water available and the
needs for increased food production to feed the rapidly growing population is critical. No single solution will address these problems,
however, application of improved water recovery systems, more efficient irrigation practices and increased use of drought resistant crops
provide potential means to address the critical issue of water for food.
AGFD 176 Sustaining groundwater resources for global food security Thomas Harter, [email protected]. LAWR, Univ. of
California, Davis, Irrigated agriculture provides forty percent of global food, feed, fiber, and biofuel production. In many of these irrigated
regions, groundwater is a critical source of irrigation water. Aquifers effectively serve as seasonal storage reservoirs (wet season recharge for
dry season pumping) or as long-term, large-scale storage reservoirs of incidental or intentional recharge in wet years. Globally, groundwater
development has become key to insuring the success of agricultural production during seasonal or extended, multi-year drought periods.
Overuse, contamination, competition with urban users, and environmental concerns about the health of the groundwater-surface water
interface pose serious threats to long-term sustainability of groundwater, posing a significant long-term risk to global food security.
Addressing this issue is stymied by the complexity of the interface of groundwater and agriculture, hydro-geographically, socially, and
technically, and a lack of comprehensive, adequate technical and policy solutions. This presentation will highlight some of these complexities
as well as efforts at the local and regional scale to address groundwater overdraft and large scale contamination from agricultural, non-point
source pollutants.
mark August 16-20, 2015
on your calendar for the
250th ACS National Meeting in
BOSTON
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CORNUCOPIA
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CORNUCOPIA
A G F D
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Schedule of AGFD Business, Planning, and Social Activities
Sun 12:00-1:00pm
Sun 5:00-8:00pm
Mon 12:00-1:00pm
Mon 8:00-10:00pm
Tue 3:30-5:30pm
Tue 6:00-8:00pm
Membership Meeting
Executive Committee
Future Programs
Sci-Mix
AGFD Poster Session
Chair’s Reception
Convention Center Room 112
Hyatt Regency Mineral B Room
Convention Center Room 112
Convention Center Halls C & D
Convention Center Hall C
Embassy Suites (across from Conv. Ctr.)

Spring 2015 - Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division

Transcription

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Baton Twirling Camp at Villanova University