Gammex 189475 body

Transcription

Gammex 189475 body

INDEX
SCANNERS
GAMMEX CT Sim Robotic Laser Tracking Systems ........................................................
5 Arm CT Sim ..............................................................................................................
Mobile Laser Alignment System .....................................................................................
CT Sim Stanchion System .............................................................................................
1
2
3
4
LASER ALIGNMENT SYSTEMS AND ACCESSORIES
GAMMEX Laser Systems ............................................................................................... 5
GAMMEX PROBEG Green Diode Laser ........................................................................ 6
GAMMEX PROBE+ Red Diode Laser ............................................................................ 7
GAMMEX PROBE Red Diode Laser ............................................................................... 8
GAMMEX Laser Alignment Tool .................................................................................... 8
GAMMEX Red and Green HeNe Lasers ......................................................................... 9
GAMMEX Fiber Optic Back Pointer Laser .................................................................... 10
IMRT
Planar IMRT Phanrom Gammex 473 ........................................................................... 11
IMRT Phantom Gammex 469 ...................................................................................... 12
DOSIMETRY
Solid Water® Products
Certified Therapy Grade Solid Water Gammex 457-CTG ..............................................
Solid Water Gammex 457 ...........................................................................................
Tissue Equivalent Materials Gammex 450, 452-456 ......................................................
Solid Water Calibration Check Phantom Gammex 458 ..................................................
Tissue Characterization Phantom Gammex 467 ............................................................
Film Dosimetry Cassette Gammex 436-AST .................................................................
13
14
14
15
16
17
Electrometers and Ion Chambers
Attix Plane-Parallel Ion Chamber Gammex 449 ............................................................
Waterproof Farmer Ion Chamber 30013 ......................................................................
Waterproof Roos™ Ion Chamber 34001 ......................................................................
Markus Chamber 23343 .............................................................................................
Charge Digitizing Electrometer CDX-2000B .................................................................
Electrometer Premier 3000 .........................................................................................
Electrometer MAX 4000 .............................................................................................
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Radiation Beam Analyzers
Radiation Beam Analyzer RBA-6 ................................................................................. 23
Daily Constancy Tool Gammex 444D .......................................................................... 24
Mechanical Alignment Devices
Therapy Beam Alignment Kit Gammex 430/431 ......................................................... 25
Isocentric Rotation Plate (IRP) Gammex 442-R ............................................................. 25
Daily Laser and Light Field Plate Gammex 443 ............................................................. 26
Order/Shipping Policies and Instructions ............................................... Back Inside Cover
Scanners
CT Sim Robotic Laser Tracking Systems
Gammex A3000A and A3100G
Gammex A4000A and A4100G
Gammex A3000A and A3100G Robotic Laser Tracking
Systems consist of two sidewall cross lasers with a
movable horizontal line and one overhead cross laser
with a movable sagittal line. These lasers provide
movement in two dimensions with the CT couch
movement providing the third dimension. All vital
features of the CT Sim System can be controlled using Gammex A4100G-PC-SYS 2
Green Laser System
either the workstation or the remote pendant. Lasers
can accept exported coordinates from treatment
planning systems, allowing easy and accurate movement
to marking location. Diode lasers are available in green
or red. Not only does the integrated ProbeG green laser
enhance contrast on various skin tones, its unique design
incorporates power stabilizing circuitry that extends
diode life. Either diode you choose features precision
optics and the reliability you have come to expect from
Gammex Lasers.
Gammex A3000A-PC-SYS 2
Gammex A4000A and A4100G Robotic Laser Tracking
Red Laser System
Systems consist of two fixed side-wall lasers and one
overhead laser with a movable sagittal line. These lasers
provide precise positioning in one dimension (X axis)
System configurations:
and rely on the CT scanner couch for positioning in the
A3000A and A3100G
second and third dimensions.
systems include:
All vital features of the CT Sim System can be controlled • Three moving lasers
using either the workstation or the remote pendant.
(choice of red or green diode)
Lasers can accept export coordinates from treatment
•
CT Sim software package
planning systems, allowing easy and accurate movement
to marking location. Your choice of Gammex Probe+
• Hand-held pendant
red diode, or ProbeG green diode lasers can be used for • CT Sim alignment phantom
the fixed sidewall lasers and feature a wide-view turret
• Software manual, calibration
profile that allows mounting on angled walls.
kit, controller box and all
necessary cabling
SPECIFICATIONS - CT Sim Robotic Laser Tracking Systems
Laser Beam Output
Power ................ <1.0 mW (each beam) Laser Class II
Range ............................. 1.5 Œ 6.1 m (5 Œ 20 Ft.)
Line Width ........................... <0.8 mm wide at 3.0 m
Line Length ...................................... 1.0 m at 3.0 m
Drift ............................................ no measurable drift
Wavelength Red .............. 6350A (635 nm) visible red
Wavelength Green ........ 5320A (532 nm) visible green
Visibility ...... clearly visible even in strong ambient light
Certification
Complies with Center for Devices and Radiological
Health regulations for Class II lasers and all CE
requirements. (21 CFR 1040) (IEC 60825-1) (MDD
93/42/EEC).
Laser Beam Adjustment
Length of travel .............................................. 70 cm
Accuracy of travel ....................... ± 0.5 mm at 3.0 m
Positioning accuracy .................... ± 0.5 mm at 3.0 m
Minimum Requirements - Computer
Gammex CT Sim Systems have specific hardware
and software requirements. For ensured
compatibility, Gammex recommends the purchase of
the complete CT Sim system. The CT Sim software
has been validated using the computer and flat
screen monitor provided with the complete system. If
the Gammex supplied computer and monitor are not
used, Gammex cannot guarantee software’s
functionality and performance. Compatibility with
user supplied computers is not warranted. Call your
Gammex sales representative for more information.
Laser Dimensions
Laser Unit (Moving Lasers) ... 117 x 21 x 9 cm (HWD)
Laser Unit (Probe+ Œ A4000A only) ... 17.3 x 14 x 8
cm (HWD)
Laser Unit (ProbeG Œ A4100G only) 27 x 14 x 8 cm
(HWD)
Power Module ....................... 42 x 21 x 9 cm (HWD)
Voltage requirements ........ 110/220 VAC (auto-select)
Warranty
Lasers carry a one year direct Gammex warranty.
Computer and peripherals carry the original
manufacturer's warranty only.
Visit us on the web at www.gammex.com
A3000A-PC-SYS 2 and
A3100G-PC-SYS 2
systems include:
• All items listed with the
A3000A and A3100G plus
medical grade Gammex
approved desktop computer,
15" flat panel LCD monitor.
A4000A and A4100G
systems include:
• One moving laser
(choice of red or green diode)
• CT Sim software package
• Hand-held pendant
• CT Sim alignment phantom
• Software manual, calibration
kit, controller box and all
necessary cabling
A4000A-PC-SYS 2 and
A4100G-PC-SYS 2
systems include:
• All items listed with the
A4000A and A4100G plus
medical grade Gammex
approved desktop computer,
15" flat panel LCD monitor.
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
1
Laser Alignment Systems
5-Arm CT Sim
Robotic Laser
Alignment System
The new Gammex 5-Arm CT Sim (FACTS) system
brings a new level of alignment sophistication to
treatment centers. Utilizing 5 moveable lasers the
FACTS is capable of X, Y and Z coordinate
alignment with the precision and accuracy seen for
3 laser systems. A green diode laser is used for the
X-axis marker to differentiate from the 4 red diode
laser used at the other positions.
Easy-to-use Windows® software makes setup and
operation fast and simple. A pendant allows users
to set up patient procedures from the couch side.
The system can be used with a wide range of
Treatment Planning Systems. Software options
allow the addition of DICOM compliant features.
Upgrade for the existing Gammex 3-Arm systems
to the 5-Arm is also available.
NEW
SPECIFICATIONS - 5-Arm CT Sim
Laser Beam Output
Power .......... <1.0 mW (each beam) (same as CT Sim)
Laser Class ......................... Class II (same as CT Sim)
Line Width ............ <1.0 mm @ 3 m(same as CT Sim)
Drift ................. No measurable drift (same as CT Sim)
WaveLength .................................. 635 nm red diode
532 nm green diode
Visibility ............. Clearly visible in strong ambient light
Lasers ...................................... 4 moveable red diode
1 moveable green diode
Configuration ................. XYZ coordinates, green laser
used for X-axis to differentiate
from Z-axis laser lines
Length of Travel ......................57 cm (green laser) and
70 cm (red laser)
Position Accuracy .......................... <±0.5 mm @ 3 m
(same as CT Cim)
Electrical Reuirements ................ same as CT Sim with
an increased capacity
AC/DC power supply
Warranty
Lasers carry a one year direct GAMMEX warranty.
manufacturer’s warranty only.
For ensured compatiblilty, Gammex recommends the
purchase fo the system complete with Gammex supplied
medical grade computer. Compatibility with user supplied
computer is not warranted. System hardware and
software requires the following minimum hardware and
software configuration:
• Microsoft Windows 2000 or XP operating system
• Intel 1GHz microprocessor
• 1 GB free hard drive disk space
• 500 MB RAM
• Network Interface Card 10/100
• CD-Rom Drive
• 256 color, 800x600 display adapter
• 2 serial ports, COM1 and COM2
Certification
requirements. (21 CFR 1040) (IEC 60825-1)
(MDD 93/42/EEC).
Gammex
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Gammex rmi®
Call our Radiation Oncology Experts: 1-800-GAMMEX 1
Mobile Laser
Alignment System
The Mobile Laser Alignment System is a fully robotic laser
alignment system designed specifically for use in mobile
coaches where conditions dictate a more rugged system to
cope with transportation. The system uses 3 moveable red
diode lasers.
It comes with software that is compatible with common
Treatment Planning Systems. The software has similar features
to those used on the Gammex CT Sim systems used in fixedsite locations.
The Mobile Laser Alignment System can be mounted directly
to the floor and ceiling of a trailer. This permits better stability
for the lasers and reduces set-up time once the trailer reaches
it’s destination. When movement of the laser system is
required, the system can quickly be unlocked and rolled out of
the way. The entire procedure can be performed in
approximately 5 minutes.
The system is designed for use with mobile CT and PET/CT
systems.
Additional information on the Mobile Laser Alignment System
can be obtained by contacting Gammex at 1-800-GAMMEX
(426-6391), or by checking the company’s website at
www.gammex.com.
SPECIFICATIONS - Mobile Laser Alignment System
Laser Beam Output
Power ..................................... <1.0 mW (each beam)
Laser Class .................................................... Class II
Line Width ...................................... <1.0 mm @ 3 m
Focusable ................................................0.5 - 5.0 m
Line Length ........................................0.69 m at 3 m
Drift ............................................ No measurable drift
WaveLength .................................. 635 nm red diode
Lasers ...................................... 3 moveable red diode
Configuration ............................. X and Z coordinates
Length of Travel .............................................. 70 cm
Travel Accuracy ............................. <±0.5 mm @ 3 m
Position Accuracy .......................... <±0.5 mm @ 3 m
Electrical Reuirements ................ same as CT Sim with
an increased capacity
AC/DC power supply
Certification
requirements. (21 CFR 1040) (IEC 60825-1)
(MDD 93/42/EEC).
NEW
Warranty
Lasers carry a one year direct GAMMEX warranty.
manufacturer’s warranty only.
For ensured compatiblilty, Gammex recommends the
purchase fo the system complete with Gammex supplied
medical grade computer. Compatibility with user supplied
computer is not warranted. System hardware and
software requires the following minimum hardware and
software configuration:
• Microsoft Windows 2000 or XP operating system
• Intel compatible 400MHz microprocessor
• 2 GB free hard drive disk space
• 500 MB RAM
• Network Interface Card 10/100
• CD-Rom Drive
• 256 color, 800x600 display adapter
• 2 serial ports, COM1 and COM2
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
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Scanners
Laser Stanchion System
Red Diode Laser
Rack3000 Entire Gantry
Stan3000 Single Tower
Green Diode Laser
Rack3100 Entire Gantry
Stan3100 Single Tower
Versatile Stanchion System minimizes room
modification and down-time. The Gammex Laser
Stanchion simplifies the installation of patient
positioning lasers for radiation oncology, IMRT, CT
simulation and related applications.
The stanchion system functions as an independent
laser mounting system. The system can be installed
without expensive room renovation and its height
and length can be customized to meet specific
needs. Since only one IEC power connection is
required to operate multiple laser units, electrical
modifications to an existing room are kept to a
minimum. Individual towers are also available.
Laser Stanchion System Features:
• Made from attractive, lightweight extruded
aluminum for added strength and durability.
• Several standard heights and widths are available;
custom sizes can be provided.
• Stanchions are available as gantries and towers
and support red or green diode lasers.
Laser
Stanchion
Single
Tower
system
Laser
Stanchion
Entire
Gantry
system
• Single entry point cable management.
SPECIFICATIONS
Laser Stanchion System
Material ..................................... Extruded Aluminum
Standard Sizes:
Towers .................................. 6 feet 6 inches high
Gantry: ......... 7 feet 6 inches high x 12 feet across
Gantry: ......... 8 feet 6 inches high x 14 feet across
Custom sizes available, please contact your
Gammex sales representative.
Gammex
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Gammex rmi®
This illustration demonstrates
the Gammex CT-Sim Laser
Tracking System installed
using the Laser Stanchion
Entire Gantry System in an
integrated CT therapy
simulation setting.
Ther-A-Cross “X”
Laser Systems
Each Ther-A-Cross “X”
Laser System consists of
three crosshair lasers and
one sagittal laser mounted
on the walls and ceiling.
The Ther-A-Cross “X”
provides horizontal, transverse, and sagittal beams of
laser light that intersects to
define isocenter. Therefore
patient alignment is precise
and positioning time is
decreased.
GAMMEX LASER
SYSTEM MODELS
Ther-A-Cross “X”
Laser Systems
Exact-Align Red A790
(3) 1A475 Crosshair
(1) 1A618 Sagittal
Exact-Align Green A785
(3) 1A480 Crosshair
(1) 1A619 Sagittal
PROBE Diode A800
(3) GLD-400 Crosshair
(1) GLD-200 Sagittal
Optional 110/220 Fused
Power Supply 67A400
PROBE+ Diode A850
Optional 110/220
Power Supply 67A450CE
PROBEG Diode A860
Tri-Flex
Laser Systems
One type of system features
three crosshair lasers: two
for the sidewalls and one
ceiling laser, all mounted on
the same plane. The other
system features the same
two sidewall cross lasers but
replaces the overhead ceiling
laser with a single line
sagittal laser. This system is
useful in situations where a
cross laser cannot be
mounted directly over
isocenter.
Fiber Optic Back
Pointer Laser
Systems
The Fiber Optic Back Pointer
projects a fine, bright line
that defines the radiation exit
axis; a crucial element in
tangential treatments.
Designed to be used with the
Ther-A-Cross “X” or Tri-Flex
wall mounted laser systems,
the Fiber Optic Back Pointer
can be adapted for use on all
therapy equipment.
Tri-Flex Laser Systems
(3) 1A475 Crosshair
(2) 1A475 Crosshair
(1) 1A618 Sagittal
(3) 1A480 Crosshair
(2) 1A480 Crosshair
(1) 1A619 Sagittal
PROBE Diode A900
PROBE Diode A901
Optional 110/220 Fused
Power Supply 67A400
PROBE+ Diode A950
Optional 110/220
PROBE+ Diode A951
Optional 110/220
PROBEG Green Diode A960
PROBEG Green Diode A961
Fiber Optic Back
Pointer Laser Systems
Red HeNe A176A Standard
Red HeNe A177A Longer Line
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
5
PROBEG Diode Laser
GLD 500 Crosshair
GLD 300 Sagittal
The Gammex PROBEG green diode laser is designed to
ensure precise patient positioning during radiation therapy.
The green laser lines are easily visible on any skin tone.
Projected green light is "absorbed" thereby minimizing line
diffusion while maintaining crisp lines. PROBEG lasers
have less than 0.8 mm line width projected at a distance of
three meters. This high quality fine line is very useful in
therapeutic applications where precision positioning is
critical.
The PROBEG laser’s unique mechanical design makes it
easy to use and maintain. Most fine laser controls are
performed by simply raising the hinged cover and making
the desired adjustment. No visible drift is seen with the
laser lines after initial adjustment.
The laser is shielded to reduce radiation exposure to the
diode and incorporates novel power stabilizing circuitry to
extend diode life.
PROBEG optics and fastening holes match Probe, Probe+
and Gammex HeNe lasers to allow retrofit mounting. This
makes upgrades and changes simple and easy to
accomplish. The PROBEG provides enhanced contrast on
various skin tones. Its unique design incorporates power
stabilizing circuitry to help extend diode life.
SPECIFICATIONS - ProbeG Diode Laser
Laser Beam Output
Power ..................................... <1.0 mW (each beam)
Range ................................................... Up to 6.0 m
Line Width ...................................... <0.8 mm @ 3 m
Line Divergence (Length) ................................ 15-17°
Drift ............................................ No measurable drift
WaveLength ................. 5320Å (532 nm) visible green
Horizontal Range of Vertical Projection. 330 cm @ 3 m
Vertical Range of Horizontal Projection .... Plus 100 cm
/minus 300cm @ 3 m
Line angle adjustment range ................. ±180 degrees
Mounting ............................ Turret adjustable to ±45°
Laser Dimensions
Length .......................................... 27.0 cm (10.6 in.)
Width ............................................. 14.0 cm (5.5 in.)
Depth ............................................... 8.0 cm (3.1 in.)
Weight ............................................. 3.2 kg (7.0 lbs.)
Universal Power Supply
Power Requirements ..................................................
.................. 100 VAC - 240VAC, 50 - 60Hz, 0.4 A
Laser unit includes various adapters for U.S. and
international use.
Certification
Health regulations for Class II Lasers.
Warranty
One year direct GAMMEX warranty.
Gammex
6
Gammex rmi®
PROBE+ Diode Laser
GLD 450 Crosshair
GLD 250 Sagittal
PROBE+ Diode Laser has less than
0.5 mm line width projected at a
distance of 2 meters. Complete
documentation on laser beam profile
is included with each PROBE+ Diode
Laser Alignment System. Due to our
unique and proprietary thermal
design our Probe series of diode laser
alignment systems have no visible
“drift.” Vertical and horizontal
adjustments (coarse and fine) allow
for angular and planar movement
making the PROBE+ Diode Laser
Alignment System easy to install.
PROBE+ Diode Laser features a new
versatile turret optical design that
allows for 160° turret rotation. The
turret design allows mounting of the
PROBE+ Diode Laser almost
anywhere, eliminating the need for
additional wall brackets or special
mounting procedures that may
increase “drift”.
The PROBE+ Diode Laser
Alignment Systems use 635 nm
wave length laser light and built-in
controls to vary the light intensity.
By using a 635 nm wave length
laser, the light appears more than
four times more visible at the same
light intensity than 670 nm diode
lasers and twice as visible as 650 nm
laser light. Variable light intensity
feature allows you to change the
laser light brightness to match your
needs and ambient lighting conditions
of the room by a simple internal
adjustment. The PROBE+ Diode
Laser has a contemporary
appearance and is smaller in size and
lighter in weight than traditional
Gammex HeNe wall-mounted units.
Mounting holes and width dimensions
are identical to the Exact-Align model
of Gammex lasers, which allows easy
conversion to diode laser alignment.
PROBE+ Diode Laser Alignment
System is easy to maintain. A
unitized diode/focusing lens assembly
can be quickly and easily replaced in
the field.
±80°
The PROBE+ Diode Laser can
be adjusted a full 160° to
accommodate the most
challenging room installations.
SPECIFICATIONS - Probe+ Diode Laser
Laser Beam Output
Power ....................................... <0.5 mW (each beam)
Range ..................................................... Up to 6.0 m
Line Width ........................................... 0.5 mm @ 2 m
Line Divergence (Length) .................................. 15-17°
Drift .............................................. No measurable drift
Wave Length ....................... 6350Å(635 nm) visible red
Visibility ................ Clearly visible in strong ambient light
Intensity ....................... User adjustable to desired levels
Horizontal Range of Vertical Projection
................................................ 330.2 cm @ 3.05 m
Vertical Range of Horizontal Projection
......................... Plus 100 cm /minus 300 cm @ 3 m
Line Angle Adjustment Range ................. ±180 degrees
Mounting ............................... Turret adjustable to ±80°
Laser Dimensions
Length .......................................................... 17.3 cm
Width ............................................................ 14.0 cm
Depth .............................................................. 8.0 cm
Weight ............................................................. 1.8 kg
Power Requirements ........................ 12 VDC, 300 mA
Power Requirements
.....................100 VAC - 240VAC, 50 - 60Hz, 0.4 A
Certification
Warranty
Extended warranty available.
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
7
PROBE Diode Laser
SPECIFICATIONS
Probe Diode Laser
GLD 200 Sagittal
GLD 400 Crosshair
Laser Beam Output
Power ................................... <0.5 mW (each beam)
Range ....................................... Up to 20 ft. (6.0 m)
Line Width .................................... <1.0 mm @ 3 m
Line Length .................................... >0.61 m @ 3 m
Drift .......................................... No measurable drift
Wave Length ................... 6350Å(635 nm) visible red
Visibility ............ Clearly visible in strong ambient light
Intensity ................... User adjustable to desired levels
The PROBE diode laser offers
an alternative technology to the
standard HeNe lasers. The PROBE
meets all of the specifications of the
Exact-Align turret laser. This means
that all of the existing features of the
turret laser are now available in a
compact size. Most of the diode
products currently used for patient
alignment are in the 670 to 650 nm
range. The GAMMEX PROBE diode
laser utilizes a 635 nm diode.
Because of this the line is perceived as
four times as bright as 670 nm and
two times as bright as 650 nm. The
635 nm yields essentially the same
brightness that you obtain with our
helium-neon systems.
................. ±130 in. (330.2 cm) @ 10 ft. (3.05 m)
..................................... Plus 40 in. minus 120 in.
(Plus 102.0 cm minus 305.0 cm) @ 10 ft. (3.05 m)
Line Angle Adjustment Range ........................ ±180°
Mounting ................... Turret adjustable to ±45° walls
Laser
Length ........................................ 6.5 in. (16.51 cm)
Width ............................................ 5.4 in. (13.7 cm)
Depth ............................................. 2.9 in. (7.3 cm)
Weight ............................................ 4.0 lbs. (1.8 kg)
Power Requirements .................... 12 VDC, 300 mA
The PROBE offers variable intensity
control that allows you to adjust the
laser brightness to the room lighting
conditions. It also has the same width
base plate as the Exact-Align laser so it
can be retrofitted to existing turret laser
installations with no modifications. The
PROBE diode laser is provided with a
110 VAC to 12 VDC power supply.
Couch/Laser
Alignment Tool
Gammex 440
Optional 110/220 Power Supply (67A400CE)
Certification
Warranty
Extended warranty available
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 440
Dimensions
Size .. 12.11 x 8.11 x 1.5 in. (30.5 x 20.3 x 3.8 cm)
Our Laser Alignment Tool can
be used with all stationary laser
systems to assure proper beam
alignment. Daily checks can
be performed quickly and
easily by a single person. The
phantom has alignment holes
for use with CT or MRI
systems and white recessed
lines that “light up” when hit
by a laser. The lines are easily
visible from across the room.
Gammex
8
Gammex rmi®
Exact-Align HeNe Lasers
Red HeNe Lasers
Gammex 1A475 Crosshair
Gammex 1A618 Sagittal
Green HeNe Lasers
Gammex 1A480 Crosshair
Gammex 1A619 Sagittal
The GAMMEX Exact-Align
HeNe turret lasers are the
standard for patient positioning.
The red turret style lasers project
at 628.8 nm laser light which is
highly visible in normal lighting
conditions. The turret design
allows for a line angulation
capability of ±45° which means
that the lasers can be mounted at
an angle to the patient couch if
necessary without requiring angle
brackets. This direct wall
mounting provides for greater
stability of the laser. The optical
adjustments are easily accessible
behind a secondary cover.
There is virtually no drift in this
unit as well as a line of less than
1 mm at ten feet.
GAMMEX Green Exact-Align
HeNe turret lasers project at
543.5 nm laser light which is
visible on any skin tone.
The high quality fine line of the
green lasers also proves useful
in situations such as stereotactic
radiosurgery where precision
positioning is critical. The green
lines projected are “absorbed”
into the skin which minimizes the
“spattering” effect thereby maintaining the thinnest line available.
SPECIFICATIONS - Exact-Align HeNe Lasers
Laser Beam Output
Power ................... <0.2 mW (each beam, green only)
............................. <1.0 mW (each beam, red only)
Spot Size
..... 0.05 in. (1.2 mm) in diameter @ 10 ft. (3.05 m)
Range ...................................... Up to 30 ft. (9.10 m)
Line Width
...................... <0.04 in.(1.0 mm) @ 10 ft. (3.05 m)
Drift .. 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) @ 10 ft. (3.05 m) maximum
Wave Length .......................... 543.5 nm visible green
............................................. 628.8 nm visible red
Spot or Line: .. ±130 in. (330.2 cm) @ 10 ft. (3.05 m)
............................... Spot or Line: +40 in. -120 in.
.............. (+102.0 cm -305.0 cm) @ 10 ft. (3.05 m)
Line angle adjustment range ................. ±180 degrees
Mounting .................... Turret adjustable to ±45° walls
Laser
Length .......................................... 16.9 in. (43.0 cm)
Width ............................................. 5.4 in. (13.7 cm)
Depth ............................................. 3.12 in. (7.9 cm)
Weight .............................................. 10 lbs. (4.5 kg)
Power Requirements
115 or 230VAC, 50/60Hz, 25W
Certification
Warranty
Extended warranty available
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
9
Fiber Optic
Back Pointer
Gammex A176A
Wall mounted lasers project transverse beams of laser light that
surround the patient. These light
planes, combined with the light
plane produced by the Fiber Optic
Back Pointer, create an intersection
defining the radiation exit axis.
This is crucial for any tangential
treatments. With its fine bright line,
the Fiber Optic Back Pointer defines
the axis of the radiation source as
well as the isocenter, regardless of
gantry orientation. Because the
patient alignment is so precise, positioning time is decreased, allowing
for greater patient throughput.
Designed to be used with the
Ther-A-Cross “X”and other
Gammex therapy laser systems,
the Gammex 176A can be adapted
for use on all therapy equipment
with or without retractable beam
stoppers. There is total flexibility in
installation, and existing laser
systems can be up-graded with the
addition of our Fiber Optic Back
Pointer. This can save your therapy
center time and money, while
providing the most accurate patient
positioning possible.
With this fiber optic system, the
laser generator can be mounted at
any convenient location, even
remote sites, but often inside the
gantry of the therapy machine.
The laser light is piped through a
flexible fiber optic cable to a
compact projection head that is
easily mounted on or in the
radiation therapy unit. Clearance
is never a problem because of the
small size of the output head.
The cable and optical heads carry
no electrical power and will not
interfere with other equipment.
The optical head projection defines
a plane containing the axis of
rotation and the radiation source.
The intersection of this plane and
the transverse plane (created by
lateral and overhead lasers) is the
radiation exit axis. This exit axis is
quickly and easily defined with the
Fiber Optic Back Pointer.
SPECIFICATIONS - Gammex A176A
Fiber Optic Back Pointer A176A
System Components
One single beam output head
One laser generator
One fiber optic cable
Laser Beam Output
Power ....................................................... <1.0 mW
Range ...................................... Up to 10 ft. (3.05 m)
Line Width ................................... 1.0 mm @ 1.22 m
Drift ........................... 0.12 mm @ 1.22 m maximum
WaveLength .................. 6328Å(632.8 nm) visible red
Visibility .............. Clearly visible in strong ambient light
Central ray ........................................................ 50°
Output Head 34A111A
Dimensions
Length .............................................. 2.6 in. (6.6 cm)
Width ............................................... 2.3 in. (5.8 cm)
Depth ............................................. 0.62 in. (1.6 cm)
Weight ................................................. 3.0 oz. (85 g)
Laser Generator 30C300A
Length .......................................... 12.2 in. (31.0 cm)
Width ............................................. 5.6 in. (14.0 cm)
Depth ............................................... 2.9 in. (7.4 cm)
Weight ................................................ 6 lbs. (2.7 kg)
Power Requirements
.......................... 115 or 230VAC, 50/60Hz, 25W
Fiber Optic Cable 30A116A
Length ......................................... 4.90m is standard.
......... Shorter or longer lengths available on request.
Diameter ..................................................... 0.38 cm
Flexibility ...................... Minimum bend radius 5.1 cm
Certification
Warranty
One year direct GAMMEX warranty.*
* Extended warranty available
Fiber Optic Back Pointer A177A
Output Head 34A108A replaces 34A111A
to provide a longer line.
Dimensions
Length ............................................... 2.6 in. (6.6cm)
Width ................................................ 2.3 in. (5.8cm)
Depth .............................................. 0.62 in. (1.6cm)
Weight .................................................. 3.0 oz. (85g)
Gammex
10
Gammex rmi®
IMRT Phantoms
Planar IMRT Phantom
Gammex 473
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
allows treatment plans to be developed that
are significantly more complex than traditional
fixed-beam protocols. The Gammex 473
Planar IMRT Phantom provides a simple,
highly reliable film dosimetry method of
verifying complex IMRT treatment plans.
The phantom is composed of aligned stacks
of Gammex 457 Solid Water® between which
radiochromic, Ready pack or equivalent film
can be placed. Films can be placed in the
axial, sagittal or coronal orientation. Film
spacing in the standard phantom can be at
1-8 cm, and at any one centimeter increment
in between. An accessory Mini Film Stack
insert is offered for small volume 3D and
accommodates 0.5 cm film spacing.
A clamping mechanism holds the solid water
and film stack in place and a leveling stand is
provided. Other accessories include slabs
fitted with ion chambers or MOSFETs. Ion
chambers and MOSFETs are also available in
the Mini Film Stack on a custom basis.
A fitted hard shell carrying case with wheels
is available.
Optional Mini
FilmStack Insert
SPECIFICATIONS - Gammex 473
Phantom Construction
Overall dimensions .............. 30 cm x 24 cm x 24 cm without base
Phantom weight .......................... Approximately 18 kg (39.6 lbs)
Phantom matrix material ...................... Gammex 457 Solid Water
Ion Chamber Slab ................................ Gammex 457 Solid Water
MOSFET Slab...................................... Gammex 457 Solid Water
Mini Film Stack matrix material ............. Gammex 457 Solid Water
Mini Film Stack slab material................. Gammex 457 Solid Water
Clamping Knobs ............................................................... Delrin
Clamping Rods.................................................................. Delrin
Tissue Mimicking inserts for Mini Film Stack ................................
One each breast (BR-12), lung (LN-450) and bone (B-200),
three each Gammex 457 Solid Water® water equivalent material.
Other custom materials available, please contact a sales
representative.
Phantom compatible film type
....... 8" x 10" (or larger) Ready pack, radiochromic or equivalent
Mini Film Stack compatible film type
...... Radiochromic, precut to less than 8cm x 8cm or equivalent
Film fiducial system
........... Needle punched through aligned holes in phantom slabs
Operating temperature..................... 15°C to 35°C (59°F to 95°F)
Shipping & storage temperature ... -30°C to 50°C (-22°F to 122°F)
Ion Chambers:
Many different ion chambers cavities available on special order.
Please contact your sales representative.
Phantom Carrying Case
A fitted hard shell carrying case with wheels and telescoping handle
Slab Sizes
Top slab ............................................................................ 4 cm
Bottom slab ....................................................................... 4 cm
1 cm slabs ....................................................................... 4 each
2 cm slabs ....................................................................... 6 each
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
11
IMRT Phantoms
IMRT Phantom
Gammex 469
The Gammex 469 IMRT phantom offers
simple, highly reliable dose validation of
complex 3D treatment plans.
The principle behind the Gammex IMRT
phantom is to create a film spiralgram of
the treatment dose along a mathematically
precise path to obtain a three dimensional
sampling of a treatment plan.
The phantom design is based on research
conducted in the Departments of Human
Oncology and Medical Physics at the
University of Wisconsin**.
For verification, apply the treatment plan for
the patient to the phantom. Load the film
into the spiral of the phantom and execute
the treatment plan. When the film is
developed, compare it to the predicted
treatment plan.
Ion chamber
cavity
The phantom is enclosed in a light-tight
cassette incorporating a locating pin to
register the phantom with the CT or linear
accelerator coordinate system and lines to
ensure proper alignment. A 7 x 43 cm strip
of film is loaded into the phantom by sliding it
into the slot from the locating pin position
until it contacts the ion chamber adapter.
The phantom has provisions for an optional
adapter for a customer-specified cylindrical
ion chamber. A blank plug is included if the
use of an ion chamber is not desired.
Antireversal
key
Locating
pin slot
Spiral
film slot
Phantom Construction
Matrix material: ................... Solid Water water equivalent material
Cylindrical insert dimensions:
............................................ 14.4 cm diameter x 7.0 cm thick
Cassette dimensions: ................. 18.0 cm diameter x 8.0 cm thick
Plug dimensions: ............................. 2 cm diameter x 7.5 cm long
Spiral slot dimensions: .......... 0.4 mm slot width x 7 cm slot depth
Film location accuracy:
..................... ±0.5 mm, relative to external coordinate markers
Phantom/cassette weight: ............................... 2.12 kg (4.68 lbs.)
Operating temperature range: .......... 15°C to 35°C (59°F to 95°F)
Storage temperature range: ......... -30°C to 50°C (-22°F to 122°F)
Film Requirements
Film type:
...... Kodak EDR2 recommended, cut to appropriate dimensions
Film dimensions: ............................................. 7.0 cm x 43.0 cm
Accessories
Ion chamber adapter dimensions: ..... 2 cm diameter x 7.5 cm long
• Fits most common thimble-type ion chambers.
• Default center of active volume at center of phantom.
Phantom stand for CT and Linac setup
Phantom carrying case
Film cutter
• Cassette cover indexes to insert and is marked with
scribe lines at 90° intervals for alignment purposes.
• Fiducial film marking system to indicate relationship to
circumferential scan plane and to properly scale the
exposed photographic film.
** Paliwal, Bhudatt, Wolfgang Tomé, Susan Richardson and T. Rockwell Mackie.
“A spiral phantom for IMRT and tomotherapy treatment delivery verification.”
Medical Physics, November 2000: 2503-2507.
Gammex
12
Gammex rmi®
Dosimetry
Certified Therapy Grade
Solid Water®
Gammex 457-CTG
Our new Certified Therapy Grade (CTG)
Solid Water is manufactured to the most
exact quality assurance standards in the
industry and is ideally suited to TG-51
protocol recommendations. Gammex RMI
performs meticulous analysis of each slab
to ensure the highest possible quality.
We provide a Certificate of Conformance
with each slab which includes the calculated
elemental composition, calculated mass and
volume electron densities, electron and
photon transmission characteristics and
measured physical dimensions. A radiograph is also provided demonstrating the
product is free from voids, contamination
or other artifacts.
CTG Solid Water is designed for electron
and photon beam measurements including
relative ionization, depth dose and
uniformity.
Our precision manufacturing techniques
provide ion chamber cavities free from
air pockets or voids and assure consistency and reproducibility of chamber
placement within the radiation beam.
Designed to complement the homogeneous qualities of CTG Solid Water, our
Solid Water Farmer Chamber (page 13)
provides you with exceptional accuracy
in radiation beam measurement.
SPECIFICATIONS - Gammex 457-CTG
Electron and Photon Stopping Power
Linear attenuation coefficient relative to water shall
be 1.030 ±0.005 for photon energies from 100 kV
to 24 MV.
Homogeneity
Material shall be free from air bubbles or other
artifacts greater than 1mm in diameter within 5 cm
of the center of the slab and contain no more than
two air bubbles or other artifacts not greater than
2 mm in diameter outside that 5 cm radius but within
10 cm of the center. Scanning for homogeneity
shall be done by x-ray at 50 kVp, no filtration, with a
dose sufficient to produce an x-ray image of 0.8 to
1.2 o.d.
Dimensions
Tolerance for the length and width or diameter of the
TMP material shall be the nominal ±0.5 mm.
Thickness tolerance .............................. ±0.15 mm
Flatness tolerance ................................. ±0.15 mm
Where applicable, squareness
shall be within 90° ±0.3°
Certified Therapy Grade (CTG) Solid Water can be purchased
as individual slabs or in several convenient packages.
Package 1 - 4.5 cm
Package 2 - 18.5 cm
Gammex 457-CTG -Kit 4.5
2 ea..............0.2 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
2 ea..............0.3 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............0.5 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............1.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............2.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
with chamber cavity
Gammex 457-CTG -Kit 18.5
2 ea..............0.2 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
2 ea..............0.3 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............0.5 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............1.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
2 ea..............2.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............4.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............6.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............2.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
with chamber cavity
Certification
Each batch of TMP material shall be irradiated on a
linear accelerator, using 18 MeV electrons and 6 MV
photons. A certified copy of the scan results
including the following data shall be furnished:
• Measured % depth ionization (dref) for electrons and
photons relative to water.
• Calculated mass restricted electron stopping power
relative to water.
• Calculated linear attenuation coefficient relative to
water.
• Measured physical density (range 1.039 to 1.049)
• Calculated elemental composition
(typical, H-8.1, C-67.2, N-2.4, O-19.9, Cl-0.1, Ca2.3)
• Calculated mass electron density (0.539 ±0.001)
• Calculated electron density (0.556 ±0.001)
Sizes ................... 20, 30, 40 cm (other sizes optional)
Thicknesses ................................... 0.2 cm to 6.0 cm
Package 3 - 21.5 cm
Gammex 457-CTG -Kit21.5
2 ea..............0.2 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
2 ea..............0.3 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............0.5 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............1.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............2.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
3 ea..............5.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
1 ea..............2.0 cm x 30 x 30cm slab
with chamber cavity
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
13
Dosimetry
Standard Grade
Solid Water®
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 457
Gammex 457
Material ........................... Epoxy Resins and powders
............. control density and radiation properties.
Density ................................................. 1.04 g/cm3
Thickness Tolerance ................ ±0.20 mm (0.008 in.)
Length and Width Tolerance ...... ±0.5 mm (0.020 in.)
Physical Form
..... Square slabs (disks and other shapes optional)
Flatness ...................................... 0.2 mm (0.008 in.)
Batch Consistency ..................... ±0.5% (except lung)
Sizes .................. 20, 30, 40 cm (other sizes optional)
Thicknesses ........................................ 0.2 to 6.0 cm
Solid Water makes radiation
beam measurements easier than
ever. Designed for photon and
electron beam measurements,
Solid Water eliminates the
inconvenience of transporting,
setting up, and filling water tanks.
Carefully molded and accurately
machined, Solid Water can help
you achieve measurements to
within 1.0% of the dose in water.
Solid Water:
• Scatters and attenuates radiation
in the same way as water
• Can be used for both photon
and electron beam measurements
• Is easily machined to accommodate
custom applications
• Does not adhere to surfaces
or other slabs
Solid Water is available in 20x20 cm,
30x30 cm, or 40x40 cm slabs.
Thicknesses range from 0.2 to
6.0 cm. Ion chamber cavities are
available in Solid Water slabs of
2.0 cm thickness or greater to
accommodate most commercially
available ion chambers.
• Rigid construction eliminates
broken ion chambers
Tissue Equivalent
Materials
Gammex 450, 452,
453, 454, 455, 456
Gammex RMI manufactures tissue
equivalent materials for muscle, fat,
breast, bone, inner bone and lung.
These materials have absorption and
scattering properties within 1.0% of
living tissue. They allow simple,
convenient and accurate simulations
for therapy dose determinations.
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 450, 452, 453,
454, 455, 456
Materials available in addition to Solid Water:
Muscle, Fat, Breast, Bone, Inner Bone and Lung.
Batch Consistency ..................... ±0.5% (except lung)
Sizes ................. 20, 30, 40 cm (other sizes optional)
Thicknesses ....................................... 0.2 to 6.0 cm
..........................(RMI 455 Lung 1.0 cm minimum)
These epoxy resin based materials
provide adequate simulations for
electron and photon applications
between 0.01 and 100 MeV.
Gammex
14
Gammex rmi®
Dosimetry
Solid Water® Calibration Check Phantom
Gammex 458
The Solid Water Calibration Check Phantom Gammex 458 is a
quality control test tool designed to be used for energy checks and
calibration of megavoltage machines in a radiotherapy department.
The phantom consists of a slab with cavities, a build-up cap and six
plugs, all of which are made of Solid Water material. The build-up
cap is constructed to fit the ion chamber specified at the time of
purchase of your phantom. The Gammex 458 has attenuation
characteristics equivalent to water for both electrons and photons.
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 458
Slab size ....... 11.8 x 11.8 x 2.4 in. (30 x 30 x 6 cm)
Plugs and build-up cap size
.............................0.650 in. (16.5 cm) diameter
.......................................5.0 in. (127 mm) long
Weight ........................................ 12.4 lbs. (5.65 kg)
The six cavities with Solid Water plugs are located at depths of 1.2,
1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.2, and 5.0 cm allowing measurements at dmax for
photon beams. Each plug can be replaced with the Solid Water buildup cap and ionization chamber combination. When this is done, the
center of the ionization chamber will be located under the appropriate
center crosshair on the surface of the phantom slab. The 10 x 10 cm
square inscribed on the slab can be used to set your light field.
The other Solid Water plugs remain inserted so that the phantom
is a consistent slab of Solid Water.
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
15
Dosimetry
Tissue Characterization Phantom
Gammex 467
Accurate corrections for tissue inhomogeneities are a critical
part of isodose treatment planning. Although most computerized treatment planning systems currently use CT image
data, these systems frequently use empirical formulae in
computing correction factors for tissue inhomogeneities.
The Electron Density CT Phantom Gammex 467 can be
used to establish the relationship between the electron
density of various tissues and their corresponding CT number
(in Hounsfield Units, HU). This data can then be transferred
to the computerized treatment planning system for more
accurate corrections for tissue inhomogeneities. Scanning
this phantom on a periodic basis provides data useful for the
Quality Assurance Program of both the CT scanner and the
treatment planning system.
The Electron Density CT Phantom consists
of a Solid Water disk approximating the size
of an average pelvis. A matrix of sixteen
holes in the disk hold interchangeable rods
made of various tissue and water simulating
materials. The physical density (g/cm3) and
electron density relative to water of the rod
materials are profiled on a specification sheet
that is provided with each phantom.
The phantom also has a pattern of small air
holes with known spacings for checking the
CT scanner’s distance measurement accuracy.
A carrying case is included.
Rod Material
Electron Density
Relative to Water
Lung (LN-300)
0.28
Lung (LN-450)
0.40
Adipose (AP6)
0.90
Breast
0.96
CT Solid Water
0.99
Brain
1.05
Liver (LV1)
1.07
Inner Bone
1.09
Bone (B200)
1.11
Bone (CB2-30% Mineral)
1.28
Bone (CB2-50% Mineral)
1.47
Cortical Bone (SB3)
1.69
True Water
1.00
Optional Titanium Insert
3.79
Physical Density
g/cm3
0.30
0.45
0.92
0.99
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.12
1.15
1.34
1.56
1.82
1.00
4.59
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 467
Disk Material................. RMI Solid Water (Model 451)
Diameter ........................................ 12.9 in. (33 cm)
Height ................................................... 2 in. (5 cm)
Weight
Disk and Rods ............................. 10.7 lbs. (4.85 kg)
Phantom with Case ............................ 24 lbs. (11 kg)
Gammex
16
Gammex rmi®
Dosimetry
Attix Plane-Parallel Ion
Chamber Gammex 449
The Attix Plane-Parallel Ion Chamber is designed
for dosimetry of electron and photon beams in
radiation oncology.
The Attix Plane-Parallel Ion Chamber:
• Is made almost completely of Solid Water
• Is “fully guarded” against current leakage and
radiation edge effects in accordance with AAPM
Task Group 21
• Has a thin collecting electrode which minimizes
polarity effect
• Allows measurement of dose - buildup within 1
mm of the phantom’s surface
• Produces high output - low leakage current
• Vented to atmosphere so all tests reflect atmospheric pressure and temperature of the room
The Attix Chamber is ideal for research as well as
routine quality assurance applications in any
radiotherapy department.
Typical Configurations:
Gammex 449:
0.125cm3 Attix Plane-Parallel Ion Chamber
with Solid Water Phantom
Gammex 449 - Chamber:
0.125cm3 Attix Plane-Parallel Ion Chamber
Gammex 449 - Phantom:
Solid Water phantom for Attix
Plane-Parallel Ion Chamber
Materials
Chamber Body ........................................................................ Solid Water and nylon screws
Front Electrode ..................................... 0.025 mm thick, 4.8 mg/cm2 Kapton conductive film
Collecting Electrode Insulator ............................................... 0.13 mm thick polyethylene disk
Conducting Surfaces ....................................................... Minimal thickness colloidal graphite
Collecting Electrode .................................................................................. 1.27 cm diameter
Ion Collecting Volume ................................... Approximately 0.125 cm3 vented to atmosphere
Guard Ring
Outer Diameter .................................................................................................... 4.0 cm
Width ......................................................................................... Approximately 1.35 cm
Leakage Current ........................................................................... Approximately 3 x 10-14A
Cable ................................................... Low noise triaxial, BNC male BNC triaxial connector
Ion Collecting Potential.................................................................. Should not exceed ±300V
........................................... Apply to collecting and guard electrodes through triaxial cable.
Dimensions
Overall Dimensions ............................................................... 6.0 (diameter) x 1.5 cm (height)
Standard Product ............................................ Ion chamber with BNC cable and wooden case
Optional solid water phantom slabs
Overall Dimensions (assembled) ................................... 11.8 x 11.8 x 1 in. (30 x 30 x 2.5 cm)
.............................. (Solid Water slabs, nylon fastening screws) Custom sized slabs available
Film Dosimetry Cassette
Gammex 436-AST
Constructed of Solid Water material, the Gammex 436-AST cassette
provides a superior water equivalent environment for film. This
ensures better film surface contact to cassette and better definition
of film plane, while avoiding artifact-causing air pockets.
The Film Dosimetry Cassette can be used for dose measurements in
any plane: parallel, perpendicular or angled to the beam central axis.
When used in an orientation parallel to the beam, isodose and depth
dose measurements can be made close to the phantom surface.
The Film Dosimetry Cassette Gammex 436-AST:
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 436-AST
• Ensures better film contact to the cassette and better definition of
the film plane while avoiding artifact-causing air pockets
• Allows easy loading of film in a light-tight environment
• Can be used for dose measurements in any plane: parallel,
perpendicular or angled to the beam’s central axis
Construction ............................. Solid Water Material
Size ..................... 11.8x15.7x1.57 in. (30x40x4 cm)
Weight ................................................ 11 lbs. (5 kg)
Film Size ................................................. 10x12 in.
The Film Dosimetry Cassette is designed to accommodate 10x12
inch film.
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
17
Dosimetry
Waterproof Farmer Ionization Chamber
30013
The 0.6 cm3 ionization chamber
30013 is a waterproof ionization
chamber. Since the 30013 is
waterproof, it may be used in water
phantoms and does not require a
protective sleeve. The chamber is
designed for absolute dosimetry in
radiation therapy applications. It is
rugged in construction and has a
PMMA/ graphite thimble and an
aluminum electrode. It is fully
guarded up to the measuring
volume. The outer dimensions are
fully compatible with the Farmer
chambers of other manufacturers.
• Suitable for use in water
phantoms and Solid
Water phantoms
• Open volume,
vented at connector
• Touchable parts free
from high voltage
• Extension cables up to 100
meters are available
• Orders must specify type of
connector: PTW-M, BNT, TNC,
BNC+banana
SPECIFICATIONS
30013
Volume ....................................................... 0.6 cm3
Response ............................................ 2 x 10-8C/Gy
Leakage ................................................ ±4 x 10-15A
Polarizing Voltage ................................... max. 500V
Cable Leakage ............................... 10-12C/(Gy x cm)
Wall Material ............ PMMA (C5H8O2), Graphite (C)
Wall Density ..1.19 g/cm3 (PMMA), 1.85 gm/cm3 (C)
Wall Thickness ......... 0.335 mm PMMA, 0.09 mm C
Area Density ...................................... 58.5 mg/cm2
Electrode .. Aluminum, 1 mm diameter, 21.2 mm long
Nominal Useful Range ................... 30 keV - 50 MeV
Range of Temperature ..................... +10°C - +40°C
Range of Relative Humidity ..................... 10% - 80%
Ion Collection Time:
300V ...... 0.18 ms
400V ...... 0.14 ms
500V ...... 0.11 ms
Gammex
18
Gammex rmi®
Dosimetry
Waterproof Roos™ Ionization Chamber
34001
The 34001 Roos Chamber, developed by Dr. Roos of PTBBraunschweig, is used as a standard chamber for electron
dosimetry. This chamber has a very wide guard ring to exclude
any perturbation effect, even at low electron energies. Energy
dependence is only influenced by the stopping power correction,
a type dependent correction is not necessary. The 34001 is
waterproof and vented through the connection cable.
• Suitable for use in water phantoms and Solid Water phantoms
• Negligible polarity effect: < 0.5% at 10 MeV
• Open measuring volume, vented
• Completely waterproof
• Orders must specify type of connector: PTW-M, BNT,
TNC, BNC+banana
SPECIFICATIONS
34001
Volume ................................................................ 0.35 cm3
Response ..................................................... 1 x 10-8 C/Gy
Leakage .......................................................... ±4 x 10-15 A
Polarizing Voltage .... 100 V recommended, maximum 400 V
Cable Leakage .................................. 3.5 - 10-12C/(Gy x cm)
Wall Material ........................................... Acrylic (C5H8O2)
Wall Density ..................................................... 1.19 g/cm3
Wall Thickness ....................................................... 1.0 mm
Area Density ................................................... 119 mg/cm2
Electrode ................. Acrylic, graphite coated, 1 mm diameter
Guard Ring ....................................................... 4 mm wide
Nominal Useful Range .............................. 2 MeV - 25 MeV
Range of Temperature ............................... +10°C - +40° C
Range of Relative Humidity ................................ 10% - 80%
Ion Collection Time:
100V .....0.37 ms
200V .....0.13 ms
300V .....0.07 ms
Markus Chamber
23343
The 23343 Markus Chamber is specially designed for
electron dosimetry. The good spatial resolution due to its
small measuring volume and its watertight construction make
this chamber ideal for measurements in a water or Solid
Water phantom. The diaphragm front allows measuring in
the build up regions of the electron field up to a depth of
virtually zero. The measuring volume is open to the
surrounding air via the connecting cable. The 23343 can be
ordered calibrated with electron radiation for electron
dosimetry.
SPECIFICATIONS
23343
Volume .............................................................. 0.055 cm3
Response ....................................................... 1 x 10-9C/Gy
Leakage ........................................................... ±2 x 10-16A
Polarizing Voltage ............................................ max. 300 V
Cable Leakage ................................... 3.5x10-12C/(Gy x cm)
Wall Material .................................................... PE (CH2) n
Membrane Thickness ............................................ 0.03 mm
Area Thickness ................................................ 2.3 mg/cm2
Electrode.............. PMMA, graphite coated, 5.3 mm diameter
Range of Temperature .............................. +15°C to +40°C
Range of Relative Humidity .............................. 20% to 75%
Ion Collection Time
150V ..... 0.20 ms
300V ..... 0.10 ms
• Fully guarded up to the measuring volume
• Suitable for use in Solid Water phantoms and
with build-up caps
• Guard ring at potential of the collecting electrode.
Touchable parts free of high voltage
• High voltage to be connected only with active currentlimiting device (Imax < 0.5 mA)
• Open measuring volume, without check device air density
correction is necessary
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
19
Meters
Charge Digitizing
Electrometer
CDX-2000B
The CDX-2000B electrometer takes the charge signal
from the ion chamber and converts it to a digital signal
right at the input connector. Every 10 pC becomes one
digital count. The conventional method of analog capture
and analog to digital conversion is completely eliminated.
Digital operation provides excellent stability, 0.02%
reproducibility, and low leakage; <1 x 10-15 Amps. Digital
operation also contributes to these important benefits:
• Unique, user controlled timing capabilities
• An extensive Coulomb range
• Five decade Amp range
• An attractive price
The CDX-2000B has a unique timing capability that is
ideally suited to brachytherapy calibration. It can capture
charge during specific times of an exposure. Using this
timing feature, the signal can be captured for a selected amount of time, ie.,
30, 60, 120 seconds, thereby eliminating end effects or other variable portions
of an exposure. This application is very useful during the measurement of
high and low dose rate brachytherapy sources, allowing you to measure
charge only during the time the source is in place and the rate is constant.
The time selected is held and repeated until changed by the operator.
The two line display shows the time counting down on one line while the
charge being collected is simultaneously displayed on the other line.
The CDX-2000B is an extremely versatile primary electrometer used for
therapy, diagnostic and mammographic measurements. It can be used with
all standard Farmer chambers, parallel plate chambers, and well chambers.
If your department currently relies on one primary electrometer, the
CDX-2000B is an excellent choice for a “back up” electrometer.
SPECIFICATIONS - CDX-2000B
Signal capture .............................................................................. Direct digital signal capture
Timing ......... Signal can be collected during a specific time period, 0-600 sec,, 1 sec, resolution
Mode .............................................................................................................. Charge, Rate
Sensitivity ................................................................................................ 0.01 nC per count
Charge ...................................................................................... Range: 0.01 to 999,999 nC
Rate ............................................................................................ Range: 0.01 to 199.99 nA
Deviation from linearity
0 to 100 nA ..................... None
101 to 150 nA ............... <0.5%
Precision .............................................................................................. 0.02% reproducibility
Leakage ............................................................................................................. <1 x 10-15A
Voltage .................................................... Nominal ±300 V bias, dual polarity and half voltage
Display ................................................................... Alpha numeric 2 row by 16 column LCD
Input ................................................................................................. BNC triaxial connector
Output ............................................................................................... RS-232 port (optional)
Power ................................ Rechargeable battery with UL listed battery charger, 110 or 220 V
Length .......................................................................................................... 9 in. (22.9 cm)
Width ...................................................................................................... 8.25 in. (22.2 cm)
Height .......................................................................................................... 2.75 in. (7 cm)
Weight ......................................................................................................... 5.5 lbs. (2.5 kg)
Gammex
20
Gammex rmi®
Meters
Electrometer
Premier 3000
The Premier 3000 Electrometer is a
superior instrument for accurate
measurement of LDR brachytherapy,
external beam and diagnostic applications. This meter delivers extensive
range capabilities: 0.01 pA to 19.500
nA and 0.1 pC to 999,999 nC.
Amp, Coulomb and collection time
can be displayed simultaneously,
minimizing the need to switch screens.
The Premier 3000 delivers exceptional quality, reliability and versatility
at a reasonable price. It is compact,
stable and easily transported.
The user interface is intuitive, simple
and straightforward to use so you can
do your work quickly. A few buttons
control all operations. Features include
user activated automatic zeroing; press a
button and you are ready to measure!
It has a large, easy to read LCD display
that can be read from a distance or in
low light.
The Premier 3000 has a larger coulomb
range than any other electro-meter.
Three modes of operation are available:
Amp, Coulomb and a com-bined
Amp/Coulomb mode. A unique timing
feature allows you to collect the charge
during a specific time period and display
the time counting down and the charge
accumulating.
This electrometer is designed to meet or
surpass AAPM, ADCL and reference
grade instrument stated specifications
including leakage, resolution, linearity,
long-term stability and repeatable
measurement accuracy.
SPECIFICATIONS - Premier 3000
Modes
..... Rate, Charge, Timing and combined Rate/Charge
Timing
Selectable time periods for charge collection:
Range ............................................... 0-600 seconds
Increments ............................................. 15 seconds
Resolution ................................................. 1 second
Other mode ......................................... Free running
Charge ................................... 0.1 pC - to 1999.9 pC
.......................................... 2.000 nC - 999,999 nC
Rate .............................................. 0.01 to 199.99 pA
.......................................... 0.2000 nA - 19.500 nA
Combined ........ The accumulated charge and the current
readings are displayed simultaneously.
Range Switching ..................................... Auto Ranging
Repeatability
Short term ....................................... ±0.1%, ±1 count
Long term .... ±0.2% (maximum change over two years)
Signal setting time (typ)
signal < 3 nA - 12 seconds
signal > 2 nA - 3 seconds
Linearity ...................... ±0.06%, 2 pA to 19nA, typical
Leakage ............................................... <20 fA at STP
Display .................................................... LCD, 2 x 20
Input ............................ BNC two lug, triaxial connector
Bias Voltage ................................ Nominal ±300 V bias
User Settings ................ -300, -150, 0, 150, 300 (VDC)
Power UL listed wall-mounted power supply, 110 or 220
VAC input, 9VDC@300 mA output
Zeroing .............. Automatic zero function, user activated
Output ......................... Isolated RS-232, unidirectional,
.... 19,200 baud rate, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
Length .................................................... 9 in. (23 cm)
Width .............................................. 8.25 in. (22.2 cm)
Height .................................................. 2.75 in. (7 cm)
Weight ................................................ 3.0 lbs. (1.4 kg)
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
21
Meters
Electrometer
MAX 4000
The MAX 4000 Electrometer is a
superior instrument for accurate
measurement of an extremely wide
range of brachytherapy sources
including low dose rate, high dose
rate and cardiovascular. It is versatile
enough to be used for all external
beam and diagnostic x-ray applications. This meter delivers excellent
sensitivity: 0.001 pA to 195.00 nA
range and 0.01 pC to 999,999 nC
range. A digital filter built into the
MAX 4000 eliminates the effect of
noise which results in a very stable
and exact measurement. Amp,
Coulomb and collection time can be
displayed simultaneously, minimizing
the need to switch screens.
The MAX 4000 delivers exceptional
sensitivity and a wide dynamic range
making it the electrometer of choice
for all brachytherapy measurements.
It provides immediate measurements
of even the lowest activity isotopes.
For example, a 0.27 mCi iodine
seed, measured in the HDR 1000
Plus Well Chamber, gives a signal of
1.458 pA. It can also measure 10Ci
and higher iridium sources. The
MAX 4000 works exceptionally well
with all ion chambers typically used
for data acquisition in water phantoms and with all chambers used for
quality assurance tests. This electrometer is also ideally suited for
Diagnostic Radiology QA applications
including mammography, conventional radiology and CT scanning.
The user interface is intuitive, simple
and straightforward to use so you can
do your work quickly. A few buttons
control all operations. Features
include user activated automatic
zeroing; press a button and you are
ready to measure! It has a large,
easy to read LCD display that can be
read from a distance or in low light.
The MAX 4000 Electrometer is
designed to meet or surpass AAPM,
ADCL and reference grade instrument stated specifications including
reproducibility, resolution, linearity,
long-term stability and repeatable
measurement accuracy.
SPECIFICATIONS - MAX 4000
Gammex
22
Gammex rmi®
Modes
..... Rate, Charge, Timing and combined Rate/Charge
Timing
Selectable time periods for charge collection:
Range ............................................... 0-600 seconds
Increments ............................................. 15 seconds
Resolution ................................................. 1 second
Other mode ......................................... Free running
Charge
Low range ...... 0.01 pC to 999,999 nC, 10fC resolution
High range..... 0.01 pC to 999,999 nC, 10pC resolution
Rate
Low range ........... 0.01 pA to 199.9 pA, 1fA resolution
High range ..... 0.001 nA to 195.00 nA, 1 pA resolution
Combined ........ The accumulated charge and the current
readings are displayed simultaneously.
Range switching ................ User selectable; High or Low
Repeatability
Short term ...................................... ±0.1%, ± 1 count
Long term .... ±0.2% (maximum change over two years)
Signal setting time (typ)
signal < 2 nA - 12 seconds
signal > 2 nA - 3 seconds
Linearity .. ±0.06% typical for all rate and charge settings
Zero Drift .......................................................... <5 fA
Display .................................................... LCD, 2 x 20
Input ............................ BNC two lug, triaxial connector
Bias Voltage ................................ Nominal ±300 V bias
User settings ................. -300, -150, 0, 150, 300 (VDC)
Accuracy ............................................................. ±3 V
Power
UL listed wall-mounted power supply,
110 or 220 VAC input, 9VDC@300 mA output
Internal battery ....................................... 10 hrs/charge
Zeroing .............. Automatic zero function, user activated
Output .......................... Isolated RS-232, unidirectional,
19,200 baud rate, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
Length .................................................... 9 in. (23 cm)
Width .............................................. 8.25 in. (22.2 cm)
Height .................................................. 2.75 in. (7 cm)
Weight ................................................ 3.0 lbs. (1.4 kg)
Quality Assurance
Daily Output and
Symmetry Monitor
Gammex RBA-6
NEW
The RBA-6 is designed for daily
monitoring of output, symmetry,
energy and flatness of radiation
therapy treatment machines. The
multi-detector instrument provides
users with a simple, rapid system
for checking multiple energies on
different machines. The “touch”
screen entry of commands makes
set-up and customization quick and
simple.
The Windows®-based control software tracks the
following information for each measurement:
• Name
• Radiation units
• Energy
• Build-up material added
• Gantry angle
• SSD
• Number of exposures
• MU/exposure for each measurement
User-determined warning points can be set to provide
information on “hot” and “warm” areas based on the
parameters established by the physicist. Data can be
transferred via Flashcard to standard word-processor
and/or spreadsheet applications.
The RBA-6 can be expanded economically with the
optional Diode Dosimetry Software and diode detectors
to perform 5-channel diode dosimeter. This allows the
instrument to have double use: 1) as a check for daily
beam output and 2) as a dosimeter!
The system includes:
• Controller
• Data acquisition module
• Chamber Array
• Flash card and reader
• Acrylic build-up plates (2) (20cm x20cm x1cm)
• Keyboard and mouse
• Energy check build-up pieces (3)
• Gantry mount
• Manuals
SPECIFICATIONS - Gammex RBA-6
Detectors: .............................................................6 ion chambers, one central axis,
4 spaced + 8 cm off central axis at 90°
from each other, 1 an energy check
Chamber size: ................................................................... 0.6cc, 1.2 cm diameter
Energy Range: ........................................................................ 2 – 25 MeV Photon
2 – 25 MeV Electron
Rate Limitation: ............................................................................ 1,000 cGy/min
®
Control Panel Software: ............Windows CE 3.0, touch-screen or mouse controlled
Unlimited storage of calibrations and measurements,
Data files can be transferred via Flashcard to
Standard Spreadsheet or word-processor uses.
Measurement Data: .................. average, % calibration, change of flatness/symmetry
Limit Alarm: ....................................................... User selected, low and high levels
Repeatability: ............................................................................ + 0.5% of reading
Data Storage: ..............................Onboard 32MB Flash memory, Windows® Explorer
employing USB 2.0 Flashcard reader on Windows® 98
or higher for data export, Stored information includes:
machine ID, Calibration readings, Beam Description,
Modality, Energy, MU, SSD, Gantry Angle, Alarm
Limits, Exposures, Time and Date
Options: ................................ Software: diode Dosimetry Software with diode input
module and diode detectors allows economical
upgrade to perform as a 5-channel diode
dosimeter with the same data collection
as above so dosimetry checks possible
Diodes: used with the above software,
photon and electron versions available
Dimensions: ........................... Data Acquisition Module: 25.4x13.5x9.5cm, (1.4 kg)
Controller: 20.8x20.7x14.8cm (1.8 kg)
Chamber Array: 23.1x28.5x3.0cm (1.7 kg)
Power: ................................................................ 100/240 AC, 50/60Hz, 2A fuse
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
23
Quality Assurance
GAMMEX Daily Constancy Tool
Gammex 444D
The Gammex Daily Constancy Tool (DCT) 444D is a
single-channel photon and electron beam constancy device
which provides a quick, easy and reliable way of verifying
relative beam output on a daily basis.
The DCT has a diode detector embedded in a unit density
plastic phantom to detect radiation output. The DCT can
store up to 10 readings of relative dose, relative dose rate,
and irradiation time for each exposure. This data can
then be easily read on the unit’s dot matrix display. There
is no need to enter the therapy room to gather readings
between exposures. A blinking light conveniently indicates
when the next exposure is ready.
Once the initial setup is complete, there are no special
procedures necessary for this portable, battery-operated
unit. The DCT provides the following easy to use features:
• Easy setup and control
• No pressure corrections required
• RS-232 port
The Gammex DCT 444D also offers the following options:
444-CAP
Laser alignment cap to align DCT with side-wall lasers
444-TRAY
Auxiliary tray holder for Varian (V) or
Siemens (S) machines
444-SLABS
Solid Water® 12x12 cm build-up slabs with 0.2, 0.5,
1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm thicknesses for additional testing.
SPECIFICATIONS - Gammex 444D
Dose Rate Range ............................................................................ 1 to 2000cGy/min
Beam Energy
Photons ............................................................................................... 1.25 to 25 MV
Electrons ................................................................................................. 3 to 25 MeV
Field Size .................................................................................................. 10 x 10 cm
Temperature Dependence ............................................................ 1% of reading per °C
Long Term Stability ............................................... ±1.5% of reading over 60,000 Rads
(approximately 6 months of use)
Readings................................. Relative Dose (machine output), Relative Dose Rate, Time
Detector ............................................................................................................ Diode
Power Supply .................................... 4 AA alkaline batteries (20 hours approx. lifetime)
Physical Dimensions
Weight ........................................................................................ 2 lbs. 5 oz. (1.05 kg)
Dimensions ................................................4.7 x 12.6 x 1.1 in. (12 x 32 x 3 cm) (HWD)
Miscellaneous
• RS-232 port
• Stores 10 complete readings
• No pressure corrections needed
Options
• Auxiliary tray holder for Varian or Siemens machines
• Solid Water 12x12 cm build-up plates with thickness of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm
• Laser alignment cap
Gammex
24
Gammex rmi®
Quality Assurance
Therapy Beam Alignment Kit
Gammex 430/431
The Therapy Beam Alignment Kit detects and diagnoses linear
accelerator beam misalignment to determine the corrective
action. This package is comprised of the Beam Alignment Test
Instrument Gammex 430 which detects alignment problems and
the Arm Punch Test Instrument Gammex 431 which then
verifies the cause of the misalignment.
Beam alignment tests should be performed annually to
determine the following problem situations:
• Displaced focal spot
• Asymmetric collimators
• Non-intersection of the collimator and gantry axes
• Faulty gantry arm support
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 430/431
Construction.......Acrylic with lead blocks in a 10 x 10 cm field
Size .................................. 5x9.3x11.5 in. (13x23.5x30 cm)
.........................................Fits 8x10 in. standard film pack
Weight ........................................................ 13.5 lbs. (6 kg)
Isocentric Rotation Plate (IRP)
Gammex 442-R
The Isocentric Rotation Plate Gammex 442-R is a quality assurance test instrument designed to make daily, weekly, monthly,
and annual tests on radiotherapy machines quickly and easily.
The IRP takes minutes to set up and performs routine QA tests.
Tests include:
• Light/radiation field coincidence
• Symmetry and flatness
• Accuracy of optical distance indicators and laser alignment
• Gantry and collimator isocentricity
In addition, an ion chamber holder is provided to be used
with the base and side support for “in-air” measurements.
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 442-R
Overall Size ........................................19.25 x 12.5 x 15 in.
(49 x 31.8 x 38.1 cm)
Weight ....................................................... 9.5 lbs. (4.3 kg)
Ion Chamber Holder ............................................................
Optional RO5138
Inner diameter 0.50 in. (1.27 cm) (this fits many chambers)
Film Used ......................................... 10 x 12 in. ready-pack
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
25
Quality Assurance
Daily Laser and Light Field Plate
Gammex 443
The Daily Laser and Light Field Plate (DLLP) Gammex 443
is an effective tool for verifying the accuracy of the laser
adjustments. The Daily Laser and Light Field Plate determines that the lasers indicate the isocenter and the lines are
straight, level, sharp and in focus. The Gammex 443
provides a daily accuracy check of the following:
• Field size indicators
• Crosshair wander with collimator rotation
• Ceiling and wall laser alignment
SPECIFICATIONS
Gammex 443
Size ................................. 8x8x1.42 in. (20.3x20.3x3.6 cm)
Thickness
Tool........................................................ 1.25 in. (3.18 cm)
Main Plate............................................... 0.25 in. (0.64 cm)
(Side blocks extend 0.5 in., 1.3 cm above plate)
Weight ..................................................... 0.7 lbs. (0.31 kg)
Gammex
26
Gammex rmi®
About GAMMEX rmi®…
Gammex rmi has been a leader in the manufacture and distribution of
Gammex Lasers including quality control devices for medical imaging
and radiation therapy for over 35 years. Gammex was incorporated
in 1969 as a manufacturer of laser alignment devices for use in
medical imaging and oncology treatment. The acquisition of rmi in
1987 gave the company the ability to expand into the manufacture of
quality control equipment for ultrasound, diagnostic radiology and
mammography.
Gammex rmi research and development team has patented a number
of devices over the years. These include numerous patents on laser
technology, optical chains, kV detecting devices and diagnostic
phantoms. There are over 25 patents issued to Gammex rmi.
Gammex rmi corporate headquarters are located in Middleton, WI,
with production facilities in that location as well is in Milwaukee, WI,
and Benicia, CA. European and other overseas markets are serviced
by Gammex rmi, Ltd. in Nottingham, UK and Gammex rmi GmbH in
Giessen, Germany.
With extensive domestic and international experience, ISO-13485
certified Gammex rmi continues to explore new realms of technology
while keeping its focus on you and your patients.
When there is little room for error, choose the wide range of
Gammex rmi quality assurance products!
Gammex
Gammex rmi®
27
Gammex is a respected leader in the manufacture
and distribution of quality control devices for medical
imaging, radiation therapy and laser alignment systems.
When there is little room for error, choose the wide
range of Gammex quality assurance products:
The Diagnostic Radiology product line offers a wide range
of solutions for maintaining the accuracy of medical
imaging equipment within the radiographic, fluoroscopic
and CT modalities.
The ProbeG has been introduced to the family of red and
green lasers. All Gammex lasers are engineered for quick
easy installation and unmatched reliability.
Gammex offers a range of quality control products for
complete analysis of mammographic x-ray systems.
Solid Water® is an industry standard that Gammex
introduced 15 years ago to simplify radiation beam
measurements. IMRT Phantoms offer convenience,
innovation and reliability.
Gammex offers tissue mimicking phantoms using the latest
patented gel technology. The phantoms are designed to
maintain the accuracy and consistency of ultrasound
scanning equipment.
Backed by its experience in laser innovation, Gammex is a
leader in developing integrated CT Sim robotic laser
tracking systems. The new CT SimG, with green diode
lasers, not only enhances contrast on various skin tones
but also uses the latest technology that extends diode life.
Gammex
28
Gammex rmi®
Ordering Information
All products and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Please contact a GAMMEX rmi dealer or representative for a quotation
or for a detailed description of our ordering policies, warranties, delivery
policy, conditions of sale, damaged goods policy and returned goods policy.
In the United States, Sales hours are:
7:30 a.m. through 5:30 p.m. (Central Time) Monday - Friday.
General Sales Phone:
Toll Free (U.S. and Canada only):
Fax:
Sales e-mail:
608-828-7000
800-426-6391
608-828-7500
[email protected]
Service hours are:
8:00 a.m. through 5:00 p.m. (Central Time) Monday - Friday.
General Service Phone:
608-828-7000
Toll Free Service (U.S. and Canada only): 800-232-9699
Fax:
608-828-7500
Service e-mail:
[email protected]
GAMMEX rmi
2500 W. Beltline Hwy at University Avenue
P.O. Box 620327
Middleton, WI 53562-0327 USA
We accept MasterCard, VISA, and American Express
Visit us on the internet at:
www.gammex.com
©2003 GAMMEX rmi. All rights reserved.
Printed in U.S.A. ROC-96-US30-1 Rev 6
GAMMEX rmi®
When there is little room for
error, choose the wide range
of GAMMEX rmi quality
assurance products!
Due to our philosophy of continuous product improvement, these specifications may change without notice.
GAMMEX RMI
GAMMEX-RMI LTD
GAMMEX-RMI GMBH
P.O. Box 620327
Middleton, WI 53562-0327 USA
1-800-GAMMEX 1 (426-6391)
1-608-828-7000
Fax: 1-608-828-7500
www.gammex.com
e-mail: [email protected]
Karlsruhe House
18 Queens Bridge Road
Nottingham NG2 1NB, England
(+44) (0) 115 985-0808
Fax: (+44) (0) 115-985-0344
Frankfurter Str. 15
35390 Giessen
Germany
0049-641-2509176
Fax: 0049-641-9662642

Gammex 189475 body

Transcription

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