docSelf-cleaning/air-purifying concrete
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Self-cleaning/air-purifying concrete
Smart building materials: a story Jos Brouwers Chair Building Materials SPOG, 8 November 2012 Introduction • • • • • • • Timber Steel Plastics & rubbers Gypsum Quicklime Cement Concrete 4000 million tons 1600 million tons 300 million tons 250 million tons 130 million tons 3500 million tons 21000 million tons PAGE 2 1 Introduction PAGE 3 Introduction More with less “Ephemeralization” (R. Buckminster Fuller) “Do more and more with less and less until eventually you can do everything with nothing” PAGE 4 2 Introduction More with less Geodesic domes Montréal Biosphère (1967) fullerenes ‘Buckyballs’ PAGE 5 Use by-products (clinker reduction) in cement PAGE 6 3 Concrete • • • • • • • • • • Timber Steel Plastics Gypsum Quicklime Cement Concrete Coal ashes FGD gypsum Blast furnace slag 4000 million tons 1600 million tons 300 million tons 250 million tons 130 million tons 3500 million tons 21000 million tons 1000 million tons 50 million tons 120 million tons PAGE 7 ‘More with less’ opportunities concrete Cement industry clinker gypsum Concrete industry water air water air water air sand and gravel sand and gravel sand and gravel Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) byproducts blended cement clinker gypsum PAGE 8 byproducts cement PAGE 8 PAGE 8 4 ‘More with less’ opportunities concrete EN 206-1 ‘Equal concrete performance clause’ New contract and procurement forms (D&C, BOT, DBFM) CE mark Environmental legislation (Soil Quality Decree, Landfill Decree) Rating systems Green Building (LEED, BREEAM) ‘Eco-materials’ ‘Functional materials’ ‘Green materials’ Innovation PAGE 9 Eco-materials Design, production and testing of CVC, SCC, EMC mixes Less cement Utilization by-products Utilization ‘waste’ Functionalizing Air-purifying and self-cleaning Thermally buffering Translucency M. Hunger, G. Hüsken PhD theses Eindhoven U.T. (2010) A.G. Entrop PhD thesis U. Twente (2011) PAGE 10 5 Air-purifying/self-cleaning concrete PAGE 11 Self-cleaning/air-purifying concrete M. Hunger, G. Hüsken PhD theses Eindhoven U.T. (2010) PAGE 12 6 Self-cleaning/air-purifying concrete George Harrison Memorial Garden (London) PAGE 13 Self-cleaning/air-purifying concrete Dives in Misericordia Church (Rome, Richard Meier) PAGE 14 7 Environmental Problem: Nitrogen Oxides NOx = NO + NO2 Commercial, services and government & construction 3% Effects: Consumer 4% Industry 23% Agriculture 3% Acid rain Tropospheric ozone Urban smog Sources: Traffic 67% 1999/30/EC: limit value of 30 µg/m3 in 2010 Self-cleaning/air-purifying concrete M. Hunger, G. Hüsken PhD theses Eindhoven U.T. (2010) PAGE 16 8 Real-scale application Hengelo (Ov) Castorweg Real-scale application Modified street with photocatalytic pavement Unmodified or control street PAGE 18 9 Castorweg, Hengelo After modification (Nov 2009) Before modification Measurements Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring 10 Measurements Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring Outdoor Measurement 03-06-2010 0.08 0.020 DeNOx Street Control Street 0.06 NOx concentration (ppm) NOx concentration (ppm) DeNOx Street Control Street 0.04 0.02 0.00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000 10:00 Time (hh:mm) 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 Time (hh:mm) Average NOx reduction: 45 % Dr. M.M. Ballari 11 Summary 26 days Zero situation: NOx in DeNOx street higher (0.42%, σ = 17%) Active situation: Whole day: Afternoon: NOx in DeNOx street lower (19%, σ = 18%) NOx in DeNOx street lower (28%, σ = 20%) PAGE 23 CFD Modeling NO2 Wind House Wind Car exhaust House Normal street House Car exhaust House DeNOx street DeNOx demo street (Hengelo), Dr. M.M. Ballari PAGE 24 12 Indoor (visible light) photocatalysis - Gypsum plaster - Wall covering - Cement-wood composite -`Autoclaved aerated concrete PAGE 25 Indoor (visible light) photocatalysis PAGE 26 13 Translucent concrete (“ilight”) Translucent concrete 14 Monolithic concrete South Tenerife Convention Centre (Fernando Menis) k = 0.17 W/mK fc = 9 N/mm2 Porosity LWA concrete 30 15 Green materials • Agro waste application • Use of vegetation − − − − − − − Renewable Healthy Aesthetic Climatizing Air purifying Food producing (“urban farming”) etc 31 Green materials 32 16 Concrete project Stadskantoor Venlo (Kraaijvanger Urbis) 33 Concrete project Stadskantoor Venlo (Kraaijvanger Urbis) 34 17 Conclusions • Concrete: - Optimization - Functionalizing • Concrete 2.0 35 Materials group 36 18 Acknowledgments Rijkswaterstaat Directie Zeeland Betoncentrale Twenthe BV http://josbrouwers.bwk.tue.nl 19
