la virgen de las rocas da vinci

Manzanares El Real
Art, Culture and Landscape
N
Manzanares El Real
EL GUADAR
A DParque
RA
R
Regional de la
R
What to visit:
MA
Cuenca Alta del Manzanares
E
I
Mendoza´s Castle .............................................................
4
La
Pedriza
S
Fountain “Las Ermitas”...................................................... 5
Coruña
N-VI
El Escorial
Pto. de
Navacerrada
Navacerrada
Guadarrama
Nuestra Señora de las Nieves Church ............................... 5
Lake Santillana viewing point ............................................
6
Collado Villalba
The Old Castle .................................................................. 7
Cañada Real Segoviana Bridge ........................................ 7
Peña Sacra Hermitage .................................................... 10
Miraflores
Manzanares
El Real
Map of La Pedriza ............................................................ 14
Toledo
Where to eat and sleep..................................................... N-401
15
2
Saint James´ Route
Fork
9
60
MColmenar Viejo
San Agustín
de Guadalix
Circuito
del Jarama
M-607
San Sebastián
de los Reyes
Alcobendas
Madrid
Aeropuerto
Barajas
Barcelona
N-II
M30
M40
M50
Valencia
N-III
Directions from Madrid
By road:
M-607, highway to Colmenar Viejo.
In Colmenar drive along the M-609 for 5 km,
then turn left to the M-862 and finally
the M-608 to Manzanares El Real.
GR: Long distance
PR: Short distance
SL: Local path
Follow the
path
Torrelaguna
62
Andalucia
N-IV
PATHS SIGNS
Soto
del Real
-8
Cerceda
Torrelodones
Walks around Mendoza´s Castle:
From the Castle to the Historical Centre ........................... 9
From the Castle to the Lake .............................................. 9
From the Castle to the Peña Sacra Hermitage .................. 9
Nature Trails:
From El Tranco Bridge to “Casa Julian” ...........................
Extremadura 12
N-V
From “Casa Julián” to Canto Cochino
through the Garganta Camorza ...................................... 12
From the lake viewing point to the Collado del Chaparral .13
08
M-6
M
M-608
Burgos
N-I
Change of
direction
Wrong
direction
By bus:
Bus line 724 Madrid (from Plaza Castilla
bus station)
At a distance of 50 km from Madrid, following the highway of Colmenar Viejo, the village of
Manzanares El Real offers a historical, cultural and artistic heritage to its visitors. It is surrounded by an outstanding natural environment consisting of a mountain range, a river and
a lake. This territory has been protected since 1930 and it was declared as a Biosphere
Reserve in 1992.
To understand the history of Manzanares El Real it is necessary to look back at the recently
discovered remains of a prehistoric settlement, which were found during archaeological works.
These findings included some cave paintings of huge historical importance. The hypothesis
of the druids occupying Manzanares around the year 1000 B.C. is widely accepted. There
are traces of their rituals in the religious festivity of the Virgen de Peña Sacra. Later, in the
Roman conquest years, the inhabitants were involved in a nonstop fight against the invaders. There is also evidence of a Roman settlement in Manzanares. After the Visigoth and
Arab periods, the village emerged in 1248. At this time Madrilians went to reconquer Seville
and the Segovians resettled in Manzanares. This chapter appears on the testimony of a
missive written by King Fernando III. Due to the settlement and expansion to the south of
the Segovians in these lands, and the continuous fights between them and the Madrilians,
King Alfonso X decided to put an end to the arguments by incorporating the territory to the
Crown. This land was then called Manzanares El Real, formed by the Real of Manzanares
and 17 other towns. King Juan I ceded this territory to Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza at the
end of the 16th century and it was with the Mendoza’s family when the Real of Manzanares
had its golden age, during the 15th and the 16th centuries. Later in time it belonged to other
members of the nobility due to marriages until the 18th century when it went back to the
Mendoza family to whom King Felipe V granted perpetual possession.
In present times Public Institutions as well as the inhabitants of Manzanares El Real maintain
and enrich one of the most celebrated collections of Art, Culture and Landscape in the entire
Community of Madrid.
3
Manzanares El Real
Mendoza´s Castle
This Castle was built on a RomanesqueMudejar chapel and it is the best conserved
in the whole Community of Madrid. Its construction commenced in 1475.
The Castle with its beautiful half-pointed
arched windows consists of an inner court
and two galleries on octagonal columns.
The building has four towers decorated
with “isabelino”-style balls in the higher
parts.
4
On the south part of the Castle’s top defence ring, the gallery is of flamboyant design built on balustrades decorated with
diamond-pointed stones.
The entire Castle is surrounded by a lower
outside wall of which the loop-holes carry the cross of the Holy Grail of Jerusalem sculptured in bas-relief. Don Pedro
González de Mendoza used this title.
The Castle has an inner court with columns,
a basement and six floors: ground floor, first
floor in-between, main floor, second floor
in-between, high- gallery and roof-gallery.
The first floor´s Gothic Gallery is considered
the most beautiful in Spain.
Fountain “Las Ermitas”
The fountain consists of a watering area,
a distribution compartment and various
canals (first quarter of the 16th century).
It was used by the Mesta (guild of cattle
owners) as they moved their cattle along
the Cañada Real.
The fountain is constructed from blocks
of granite, topped by a pediment which is
decorated on the south side by an inscription of the wedding vows of D. Iñigo López
de Mendoza and Doña María de Luna.
The distribution compartment is made of
granite locked stone mortar. It collects the
water through both the canals and distributes it to the fountain through a third
canal located on the east side, where a
pipe provides drinking water for human
consumption
Nuestra Señora de las Nieves
Church
The church was founded in the beginning
of the 14th century under the protection of
the first Marqués de Santillana. At the end
of the 15th century or the beginning of the
16th century, the church was rebuilt and the
arcade was relocated from the north to the
south side.
The architectural style of the church is not
clearly defined as it was influenced by the
mixing of Romanesque and Gothic styles
throughout its history.
The church consists of three naves, separated by arches on columns made of stone.
The central nave of Romanesque style is
preceded by the presbytery in a pentagonal form.
5
Lake Santillana viewing point
6
This protected area is located on the south
of the Lake where the pilgrims arrived in
Manzanares El Real during their journey on
the Saint James´ Route.
Although the Lake´s beauty is superb at
sunrise, the Cuerda Larga, Mendoza’s
Castle and the Village itself also look stunning from here as the magic light of dusk
descends.
The view of La Pedriza Mountains reflected
in the clear blue waters of the Santillana
Lake and the estuary of the river Manzanares is one not to be missed.
Manzanares El Real
The Old Castle
Cañada Real Segoviana Bridge
The Old Castle is located just outside the
village over the River Manzanares. There are
very few historical references about it and
none about its inception. It is first referred
to in the middle of the 14th century when
King Alfonso XI requested some carpenters
for the two palaces of Manzanares El Real.
There is also some evidence to suggest that
the first Marqués de Santillana wrote some
of his poetry in this Castle before the new
one was built in 1475, when the Old Castle
was unfortunately condemned to obscurity.
The Castle has a square perimeter on which
cylindrical towers were built in three of the
corners and a square tower, the Torre del
Homenaje (the keep) on the fourth.
The walls are made of granite with rows
of brick, which represents a Mudejar style
building.
The Old Bridge or “Puente Viejo” dates back
to the foundation of the village. Its present
form has a more modern aspect due to
the various renovations that took place
during the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th
centuries. The construction of this bridge
is attributed to Juan de Herrera and Juan
Bautista de Toledo.Today´s Bridge consists
of a single arch and it is constructed from
masonry of clay and natural stone ensuring
that it blends perfectly into the environment.
The significance of this bridge is based on
the fact that it was a prescribed route of the
Cañada Real Segoviana, which was used by
the Mesta (guild of cattle owners) to move
cattle through Spain. It generated considerable income for the village by the collection
of a toll, “el Pontazgo”, for the passage of
merchandise and cattle.
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Mendoza´s Cas
tle
•
From the Castle car park head west along calle Cañada, calle Correos and then
calle Panaderos. Take the street on the left, which is calle del Vaquero and you will
arrive at Cañada de los Toros. From here there is a path to the west that crosses
Avd. de La Pedriza and then again to the west you will find a trail which goes down and
crosses the river by the Molino del Cura. Head north from here along Camino de Peña Sacra
up to the fish farm where there is a junction. Continue to the northeast to the Hermitage. If
you head north from here and cross the river using El Tranco bridge, the Avd. La Pedriza will
take you back to the village along the Cañada de los Toros.
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From the Castle car park head to the west, following the calle Cañada until you reach the Plaza
del Pueblo. Go south along the calle Real to the
Puente Viejo (from this point you can see the Old Castle). Cross the Rotonda del Montañero
(roundabout) in a southerly direction to the Avd. La Paz. This road will take you to the bridge
at the end of the Santillana Lake.
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C. de las Golondrinas
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Castillo de los
aya Mendoza
Atal
The route starts from the car park of the Castle.
Head east to the M-608 and walk over the zebra
Guardia Civil
Gasolinera
crossing. You will see the Fountain “Las Ermitas”.
Cross back over the road and continue adjacent to the
Fuente de
Castle´s gardens along the Avd. De Madrid and you will
las Ermitas
arrive in the village. When you reach the tourist office, turn
to the left along the calle de las Huertas and circle around
Nuestra Señora de las Nieves Church. Re crossing the
avenue you will see the Plaza del Raso and from there
you can walk to the Plaza del Pueblo (Village centre).
Follow the calle Cañada until you arrive in the car park.
,
O
Y MARINO
AMBIENTE
MINISTERI
MEDIO RURAL
DE
MEDIO
la
co
Alm
rid
From
the Castle to the Historical Centre. 1,3 Km – 1 h
a Mad
M
e
C. d
u
C. C
Piscina
O
e
ent
e la
Walks around Mendoza´s Castle
anares El Real
anz
•W
•M
al
za
GOBIERN
ESPAÑA
DE
a
C. d
ada
Cañ
añada
la C
Mendoza´s Cas
tle
•
ll
nti
de
C.
astillo de los
el C
Me
rd
nd
do
o
de
es
C. P.
Leon
da d os Toros
el
an
a
uq
aña
nd
ou
ar
ks
lD
De
C.
aC
Manzanares El Real
o
ud
sc
C.
de
l
lE
de
erto
d e Pajares
C. Altozano
d
ña
Ca
la
e
d
C.
to
er
Pu
erra
CENTRO
SALUD
Pu
Palomar
9
Manzanares El Real
Nuestra Señora de Peña Sacra
Hermitage
The Hermitage is located at the top of the
Peña Sacra (Sacred Stone), from where
you have an excellent view of La Pedriza.
The original construction dates back to
the 16th century and some rooms attached
where attached to it in the 17th century. The
actual Virgen is a modern copy of the 19th
century statue that disappeared; the Child
is still original.
The Virgen de Peña Sacra has many followers
10
In various documents the Peña Sacra is associated to druid cults, where Celtic priests
celebrated their rituals in the surrounding
woodland during the first millennium before
Christ.
In 1769 when the Virgen was brought in
procession to the parish church in the village during the celebration of its feast, the
candles that surrounded the Virgen set the
church on fire. Only the sacristy was saved.
Likewise, Bernaldo de Quirós tells us, that
the inn-keeper of Manzanares described to
him the Hermitage being attacked by bandits who occupied the region. The Hermitage
was courageously defended by the Guardesa (female guardian) of the Peña Sacra.
11
A fantastic composition of eroded and rounded rocks, around the Hermitage (the Yelmo at the back)
Manzanares El Real
Nature Trails
From El Tranco Bridge to “Casa
Julián”. 1 km - 0,20 h
Just past El Tranco Bridge you will find a
path to the north just after a barrier. Staying
on the right bank of the river Manzanares
and after a kilometre enjoying the granite
formations caused by the erosion of the
river, you will arrive at the area known as
“Casa Julián”. You can return to the village along the Avd. de La Pedriza from this
point.
To “Casa Julián” and the Garganta Camorza
To Canto Cochino through the
Garganta Camorza. 4 km - 2 h
12
From “Casa Julián” a path to the west will
take you to Canto Cochino. This is part of
the GR-10 and it is marked with white and
red marks. The track runs parallel to the
river Manzanares until you pass “La Foca”
(the seal) rock. Continue to the west until a
wooden bridge allows access to a meadow. Head south from here passing along
the edge of some forest houses. The path
arrives at a bridge that again crosses the
river Manzanares. Cross the bridge to arrive
at Canto Cochino.
The GR-10 from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean
Second leg of the Saint James´ Route: Tres Cantos – Manzanares El Real
To the Collado del Chaparral. 4 km.- 2 h
La Najarra
Loma de Pandasco
Asómate
de Hoyos
13
Cabezas
de Hierro:
Menor
Mayor
Peña
de los
Vaqueros
Cerro de
Valdemartín
Alto de Las
Guarramillas
La Maliciosa
The Cordel de Samburiel starts at the Lake viewing point (also known as the "descansadero
de Samburiel"). This place is part of the Saint James´ Route. After 1,5 km you will see a small
set of stones on the west. From here you can view the three components of La Pedriza: El
Alcornocal; The Pedriza Anterior with El Yelmo as the highest point; and the Pedriza Posterior
with the Towers that separate it from the Loma de Pandasco.
If you continue on this path you will arrive at the Collado (992m above sea level). 500 m further
on you will be able to enjoy views of Madrid to the south and the Cuerda Larga to the north.
El Dedo de Dios
Las Torresde Pedriza
Peña del Rayo
La Bota
El Risquin
El Nevazo
i
Ca m
Crestas de
las Milaneras
de los
Arro
yo
av
il
La Foca
Río
GARGANTA
DE LA CAMORZA
M an za
na
re
s
CAMINO
Track
RÍO-ARROYO
River/Brooklet
RISCO formation
Rock
COLLADO DE
MATAHERRADURAS
o Quebrantaherraduras
Se
nd
a
de
l
Arroyo d
e l
a
Ma
jadi
lla
Arroyo de los Pollos
G
Senda
de
los Gavila
Hoyos d
n
e l
a Sierra
Los Hermanitos Risco de los Hoyos
Aguja Ruau
an
La Perra Gorda
es
Risco de las Nieves
El Hombre
Tres Cestos
Sentado
Cancho
COLLADO DE LA VENTANA
Risco de las Damas
Centeno
Risco del
Risco de la
Puente de
Ventana
na
los Pollos
nta
e
V
La Corona
Pared de Santillana
la
El
Caballo
e
d
de Ajedrez
Tres Cestitos
Cueva de la
oyo
r
r
A
Mogote de
Majada de Quila
Dos Torres los Suicidas PRADERA DE LOS NAVAJUELOS
MAJADA DE QUILA
Tienda de
La Tortuga
Campaña
LOS LLANILLOS
La Bola de los Navajuelos
El Torro
Los Molondrios Cuatro Cestos
Cancho de San Isidro
El Teodomiro
El Falso
El Mataelvicial
Molondrio
El Buda
El
Capuchino
La Muela
Cancho Amarillo Mogote de la
PUENTE DE
Nido de Buitre
Dehesilla
LOS LOBOS
PORTILLO
Torre de Quila
Peñalarco o Hueso
El Elefante
COLLADO DE LA DEHESILLA
lla
Las Buitreras
Pajarito
El Trípode
hesi
a De
l
Aguja
e
d
o
Arroy
Jorge Prat
Las Cuatro
Damas
Los Fantasmas
Charca Verde
La Momia
La
Cara
El Vigía
COLLADO CABRÓN
Bola de San Bernardo
Risco
El Vigilante
Refugio
Senda del
El Acebo
Giner de los Ríos
Arroyo Horcajo
La Mano de Dios
Peña
El Centinela
La Mujer
Horcajo
La Caperucita
co
El Matadero
s
i
R
o
y
Arro
y el Hato
La Maza
El Dante
Cancho de
Los Caballeros
los Muertos
Rendueles
El Cáliz El Castillo
Peña
del
Corral del Yelmo
El Cancho
El Camello
Yelmo
Chozo
Coladero
Kindelan
Elefantito
Las
Tres
del Yelmo
Gracias
Risco de
Aguja
La Peseta
Manuel Iradier
COLLADO DE LA ENCINA
El Risco
Yuyu
Peñas Cagás
Peña Sirio
La Cara de la Gran Cañada
R ío
Man
Elefantito
s
zana
Aguja J.A.Larios
rto
res
os Hue
Cinco Cestos
LOS PORTALONES
el
yo d
Arro
Calzada de la Pedriza
Risco de
ra s
Cancho
las Mozas
one
LA GRAN CAÑADA
Losillos
Carb
Canto
as
Peña del
Cochino
N
Ofertorio
LAS CANCHAS DE MANZANARES Cueva de
Ave María
Paso Paleto
Cara del Indio
COLLADO DE LA CUEVA
Risco Ratón
lo s
nar
es
de
Río
Ma
nza
La Aguja de Singer
El Pulpito
no
es
La Esfinge
La Pedriza
COLLADO CARABINA
Manzanares El Real
LA CAMORZA
El Tranco
“Casa Julián”
Mogote de
San Bernardo
EL ALCORNOCAL
Schematic map of the rivers, rock-formation and tracks of la Pedriza
Anterior and Posterior, not based on topographic scale.
Where to sleep
Hotel
Hotel Rural
Hoja de Roble
Casa Rural
Casa Rural
Casa Rural
Camping
Where to eat
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar
Bar Comidas
Bar/Restaurante
Bodega
Cafetería
Cafetería
Cervecería
Churrería
Discoteca
Heladería
Kiosco/Terraza
Kiosco/Terraza
Pizzería
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante
Restaurante/Cafetería
Parque Real
La Pedriza
Mirador La Maliciosa
La Escala
El Yelmo
La Cascada
El Ortigal
Calle Padre Damián, 4
Calle Urumea, 8
Avda. de la Pedriza, 60
Calle Rincón Canarias, 4
Avda. de la Pedriza, 69
Camino del Jaralón, s/n
Calle Montañero, 19
91 853 99 12
91 852 89 00
91 852 70 65
600 450 741
91 853 06 55
629 704 676
91 853 01 20
Casa de León
El Chanquete
El Paraíso
El Doblete
El Pulpo de la Sierra
La Montería
La Taurina
Maliciosa
Peces - Casa Marga
Pedriza City
Torrero
El Molino
Hípica La Pedriza
La Cañada
Cati
Manín
Cañada 49
La Rosca
13-58
La Jijonenca
La Hora Joven
La Huerta
Pizzareal
Alta Montaña
Asador de Carmen
Casa Goyo
Casa Julián
Casa Parra
Charca Verde
El Yelmo
La Cocina con Amor
La Taurina
Parque Real
Rincón del Alba
La Jara de La Pedriza
Calle de los Frailes, 6
Calle Panaderos, 16
Calle Panaderos, 27
Plaza del Raso, 10
Calle de la Cañada, 32
Calle Real, 8
Plaza del Pueblo, 7
Avda. de la Pedriza, 58
Avda. de Madrid, 16
Plaza del Raso, 7
Aparcamiento de Canto Cochino
Camino de la Peña Sacra, 26
Calle del Marqués de Santillana, 3
Calle de la Cañada, 19
Calle Panaderos, 16
Plaza del Pueblo, 1
Calle de la Cañada, 37
Calle de Correos, 4
Avda. de la Paz, s/n
Plaza del Pueblo, 14
Avda. de la Pedriza, s/n
Calle Colmenar, 17
Calle de la Cañada, 41-43
Camino de Canto Cochino
Calle Real, 5
Plaza del Sagrado Corazón, 2
Avda. de la Pedriza, 128
Calle Panaderos, 15
Plaza del Raso, 9
Avda. de la Pedriza, 69
Calle de la Cañada de Toros, 27
Plaza del Pueblo, 8
Calle del Padre Damián, 4
Calle de la Paloma, 2
Calle Panaderos, 6
91 853 08 85
91 853 94 82
665 704 394
610 811 867
91 852 72 48
659 896 290
91 853 93 89
91 852 70 65
91 853 07 23
91 852 76 99
91 682 19 95
91 853 98 46
91 852 86 44
91 855 80 21
91 853 08 30
91 853 94 89
91 853 94 88
91 855 87 99
91 853 04 87
91 853 90 71
610 811 867
91 853 94 84
91 853 97 48
616 490 816
91 852 85 01
91 853 94 84
91 853 04 86
91 853 94 60
91 853 03 57
91 853 06 55
91 855 88 06
91 853 93 89
91 853 99 12
91 853 91 11
91 853 93 38
15
Plaza del Pueblo,1
28410 Manzanares El Real
91 853 00 09
[email protected]
www.manzanareselreal.es