Seaweed Culture and Utilisation in Malaysia

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Seaweed Culture and Utilisation in Malaysia:
Status, Challenges and Economic Potential
By
Cheryl Rita Kaur & Margaret Ang
Researchers, MIMA
Seminar on Developing the Seaweed Aquaculture Sector in Malaysia
MIMA Seminar Room, 27 October 2009
1
Presentation Outline
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Production status
Environmental characteristics for farming
Stakeholders
National framework and strategies
Economic Perspectives
Discussions
Recommendations
Conclusion
2
Global production and trade
• 42 countries in the world involved in commercial
seaweed activity.
• Top 10 countries contribute 95% of the world’s
commercial seaweed volume (2 million tonnes).
China
61.4%
Laminaria
61%
Cultivated only = 1 million tonnes
Japan
9.8%
Others
1%
Others
0.1%
Malaysia
0.4%
Indonesia
Chile 4.3%
3.1%
Tanzania
0.5%
S. Korea
6.0%
N. Korea
6.4%
Philippines
8.3%
Porphyra
12%
Eucheuma
3%
Gracilaria
4%
Undaria
9%
Kappaphycus
10%
Source: surialink.com
Global production and trade (cont.)
• Seaweed industry annual production value of US$ 6 billion
• China, Japan, Korea, Philippines and Indonesia produce
the bulk, valued at US$250 million, mainly for phycocolloid
production.
• Denmark, France, Norway and the U.S. dominate the
manufacturing industry.
• Natural stocks of seaweeds are limited - farming is
therefore a major source of seaweed resources.
4
Local Production - Sabah
• Sabah is the only state in Malaysia that is commercially
producing seaweed.
• Seaweed cultivated in 4 districts on large scale:
Semporna, Lahad Datu, Kudat, and Kunak.
• Main cultivated species: Kappaphycus alvarezii and
Eucheuma spinosum – mainly for export purpose.
• 2 seaweed processing mills in Malaysia located in Sabah.
• Positive impacts on poverty alleviation among coastal
populations.
5
Seaweed Production & National Target
300,000
METRIC TON (wet weight)
250,000
Target production by 2010:
250,000 tonnes (wet weight)
RM380 million
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: DOFM
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Aquaculture Production (2008)
354,314 tonnes
marine shrimps
16%
Freshwater fish
27%
marine fish
6%
marine mollusk
20%
Farm area:
960 ha (2005)
7,730 ha (2008)
Families involved:
583
(2005)
950
(2008)
seaweed
31%
*Seaweed : wet weight (Sabah)
Source: DOF, Sabah
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Seaweed Production 2008
111,298 tonnes (wet weight)
• BANGGI
Semporna
95.0%
Banggi
0.3% Lahad Datu
4.4%
Kunak
0.3%
Production:
111,298 tonnes (2008)
90,268 tonnes (2007)
23.2%
Value:
44.52 million (2008)
22.57 million (2007) 97.3%
• LAHAD DATU
• KUNAK
• SEMPORNA
Source: DOF, Sabah
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Environment Characteristics for Seaweed
Farming
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Sheltered waters
Wave height of 1-2 feet
Salinity ranging between 30-35 parts per million
Good water quality
Sandy seabed with corals
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Relevant Stakeholders
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Department of Fisheries
Malaysian Fisheries Development Authority
District office (Semporna)
Local universities
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
SIRIM Berhad
Financial institution
Manufacturing companies
Farmers
10
Cultivation Methods
• Conventional long-line
• Improved long-line
• Basket method
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Conventional Long-Line Cultivation Method
Pictures: DOF, Sabah
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Picture: Cheryl
Pictures:
Rita
DOF,
Kaur
Sabah
(2009)
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Improved Long-Line Cultivation Method
Pictures: Dr. Suhaimi Yasir (UMS)
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Picture: Mr. Ramlan Ali (UMS)
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Basket Cultivation Method
Pictures: Cheryl Rita Kaur (2009)
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Seaweed Drying Process
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Pictures: Cheryl Rita Kaur (2009)
Pictures: Cheryl Rita Kaur (2009)
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National Framework and Strategies
• Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)
• Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010)
• Announcement of 2010 Budget on the 23 October
2009
• National Aquaculture Center (Sabah Development
Corridor)
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“Dalam tempoh Rancangan, sektor pertanian akan diberi nafas baru supaya
tampil sebagai tunggak ketiga pertumbuhan ekonomi………... Industri
berpotensi tinggi seperti akuakultur, perikanan laut dalam, rumpai laut,
herba, ikan hiasan dan florikultur akan dibangunkan dan dikomersilkan
secara berskala besar.
Di samping itu, aktiviti penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D) akan
dipergiat, akses kepada pembiayaan dipertingkat dan zon pengeluaran baru
dibangunkan khusus untuk pengeluaran pertanian.
Pembangunan sumber pertumbuhan baru dalam sektor pertanian akan
dipergiat dalam tempoh Rancangan. Sehubungan ini, pengeluaran berskala
besar bagi tuna, ikan dan tumbuh-tumbuhan hiasan, florikultur, herba dan
rumpai laut akan digalakkan melalui penyediaan khidmat pengembangan,
insentif, infrastruktur asas, kemudahan pemasaran dan penggalakan aktiviti
pemprosesan hiliran”.
Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)
Unit Perancang Ekonomi,
Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Putrajaya (2006)
Pertanian (m/s 26, 27, 94)
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Seaweed highlighted as one of the most important
aquaculture commodity.
Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010),
Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia.
Chapter 6 on Fisheries: PROSPECTS
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“Develop food farming industry such as fruits, vegetables, organic
farming, herbs, seaweeds and swiftlet nets with an allocation of
RM149 million.
Although the 2010 Budget is the last budget for the 9th Malaysia
Plan (9MP), it is the foundation for the development of the new
economic model and a precursor to the 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP).
We were successful in the past in transforming the economy from
agriculture to industrial-based. We now have to shift to a new
economic model based on innovation, creativity and high-value
added activities. Only then, we will be able to remain relevant in a
competitive global market.”
2010 Budget speech by the Prime Minister and Finance
Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak on the 23 October 2009.
National Aquaculture Industrial Zone (AIZ)
(i) Semporna
Source: DOF, Sabah
Seaweed culture area
Fish cage area
25,213 ha (62,303 e)
2,687 ha (6,640 e)
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(ii) Kudat
POTENTIAL AREA
16,255 ha.
Source: DOF, Sabah
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Economic importance
• 221 seaweed species utilised commercially
• 145 for food; 110 for phycocolloid production
(e.g. agar, carrageenan, alginates)
• Uses: Food, medicine, cosmetic products,
pharmaceuticals, fertilisers, animal feed
Status of Seaweed Production, Malaysia
YEAR
Production
2005
2006
2007
2008
∆2005-2008
25,000
43,200
90,270
111,300
4.5 times
4.30
6.91
22.57
44.52
10 times
960
5,591
6,279
7,730
8 times
583
520
738
950
1.6 times
(Tonnes, wet
weight)
Wholesale
Value
(RM million)
Farm Area
(ha)
Families
involved
(No.)
• Seaweed production growth (1990 – 2008) = 32.3%
• Production volume doubled in every 2 years
• Estimated production volume by 2010 = 222,600 tonnes
National Dried Seaweed Trade Volume
4500
4000
Tonnes (dry weight)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
0
IMPORT
2006 Import data – Not Available
EXPORT
Source: DOF Sabah
National Seaweed Trade Value (RM)
45,000,000
40,000,000
35,000,000
30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
IMPORT
2004
2005
2006
EXPORT
Source: MOA
2007
Export-Import Values (2008)
Commodity
Seaweeds
Export
6,680
(RM ‘000)
Import
36,718
Balance
30,039
Source: Department of Fisheries Malaysia
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National Dried Seaweed Import Volume
2500
Tonnes (dry weight)
2000
1500
1000
500
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
0
Others
2006 Import data – Not Available
Philippines
Indonesia
Cambodia
Source: DOF Sabah
National Dried Seaweed Export Volume
4500
4000
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Tonnes (dry weight)
3500
Others
Denmark
United Kingdom
Hong Kong & China
South Korea
Source: DOF Sabah
Issues and Challenges
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Unavailability of good quality ‘seedlings’
Pollution in production areas
Occurrence of ‘ice-ice’ and epiphytes
Shortage of raw materials
Lack of capital to venture into the industry
Prolonged processing time in borrowing from
financing institutions
• Poor crop management
• Lack of fund for R&D programmes
Discussions
Strengths:
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Availability of seaweed areas in Sabah (AIZ);
Established culture techniques for seaweed farming;
Low operation cost; and
Government support and policies
Huge economic potential
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• Capacity and capability building in research and
development.
• Application of modern biotechnology in high quality
seedling production.
• Explore new seaweed cultivation methods, expand
seaweed varieties for production, and discover more ways
to utilise seaweed and its products.
• Development of human resource at technical and nontechnical levels has to be further enhanced through
providing seaweed training, special forum and seminars
on business opportunities.
Conclusions
• Malaysia has the potential to be a major seaweed player
in the region – infrastructure, manpower, product
quality, transfer of technology, industrial support and
marketing.
• Seaweed production volume and value will increase
further if more efforts are put into improving the
industry
• 10th Malaysian Plan (2011-2015) – Optimization of
seaweed production.
• 4th National Agriculture Policy (2011-2020) – National
seaweed aquaculture development.
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THANK YOU
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