NMIA TRIMONTHLY REPORT-FROM HOME-6-9

Transcription

© BNHS 2014: All rights reserved. This publication shall not be reproduced either in full or in
part in any form, either in print or electronic or any other medium, without the prior written
permission of the Bombay Natural History Society.
Address of the BNHS
Bombay Natural History Society,
Hornbill House, S.B. Singh Road,
Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India.
Tel.: (91-22) 2282 1811
Fax: (91-22) 2283 7615
Email – [email protected]
Text edited by: Shripad Kulkarni, Ascharya Creative Communications
Cover design and page layout: Mr. Gopi Naidu, BNHS
Recommended citation
Narwade, S.S., M.V. Prabhu, P.A. Shaikh & A. R. Rahmani (2014): Baseline Survey of Birds at
the Proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA ) Area. Report on seasonal surveys
covering seasonal variation in population of birds with note on survey conducted during January-March 2014. TRIMONTHLY REPORT. Submitted to CIDCO, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
by BNHS, India. Pp 32.
Baseline survey of birds at NMIA) area
Report on seasonal surveys covering seasonal variation
in population of birds with note on surveys conducted
during January-March 2014
TRI-MONTHLY REPORT
Principal Investigator
Asad R. Rahmani
Co-investigator
Sujit S. Narwade
Research fellows
Mrugank Prabhu
Parveen Shaikh
Bombay Natural History Society
BLANK
CONTENTS
Summary ..............................................................................................................
1
Chapter I
Introduction ..........................................................................................................
2
Chapter II
Study Area ............................................................................................................
3
Chapter III
Methodology .........................................................................................................
6
Chapter IV
Results .................................................................................................................
7
References ..........................................................................................................
21
Annex I: List of birds observed in the study area ..................................................
Annex II: List of figures .........................................................................................
22
32
BLANK
TRIMONTHLY REPORT : JANUARY-MARCH, 2014
Summary
The field visits were conducted between January and March 2014, in the study area
of approximately 10 kilometre radius from the proposed site of Navi Mumbai
International Airport (NMIA). Through this trimonthly report, we are reporting
seasonal changes in the species composition, and changes in the population of the
resident and the migratory birds at various sites in the study area observed in the
year 2013. A separate account on monthly variation in the population of birds is
given on the basis of surveys conducted during January to March 2014.
Keywords: Navi Mumbai International Airport, Avifauna, population variation, tide
timing, water level, congregatory bird species,
Abbreviations used
1)
NMIA – Navi Mumbai International Airport
2)
BNHS – Bombay Natural History Society
3)
JNPT – Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust
4)
EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment
5)
Habitats: P – Paddy field, GS – Mixed habitat of Grassland and Shrub land,
RS – Rocky Seashore, W – Wetland, MD – Mudflats, MC – Mangrove and Creeks,
NH – Near Human habitation, F – Forest
6)
Threat categories: EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near threatened
7)
Type of movements: R – Resident, M – Migratory
1
2
Chapter I
Introduction
According to the Government of Maharashtra, Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport at
Mumbai is fast reaching the saturation level and the scope for further enhancement of
passenger and cargo handling facilities, aircraft maintenance and the city-side facilities is
limited (EIA report, CIDCO, Navi Mumbai). The need for a second airport for Mumbai has
become inescapable and imperative.
The city and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Limited (CIDCO) proposed to
set up a new international airport at Navi Mumbai in Maharashtra. The proposed Navi Mumbai
International Airport (NMIA) is located near Panvel, between the National Highway 48 (NH48)
and Aamra Marg in Raigad district. The total area demarcated for the airport is 2,054 hectare;
including approximately 1,615 hectare as the Airport Zone and the remaining for the off-site
infrastructure such as diversion, training of rivers, approach roads, etc.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out for NMIA by the Centre of Environment
Science and Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT-Bombay), reported 58
species of birds from 21 locations in the 10-kilometre radius area of the proposed airport site.
The area comprised creeks, rivers and mangroves which serve as a good habitat for a variety of
congregating bird species. Karnala Bird Sanctuary is located in close proximity of the proposed
NMIA site.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India has granted a conditional
clearance to this project. One of the conditions (condition no. xxxi provided under specific
conditions) is that an avifaunal study should be carried out in consultation with the Bombay
Natural History Society (BNHS). The BNHS survey was designed to document the bird diversity
and species-composition at various survey-sites in the 10 kilometre radius-area of NMIA.
3
Chapter II
Study area
Survey sites in the 10 kilometre radius area of the proposed site of NMIA were divided by us into
five blocks as mentioned below, however, excluding the industrial areas and the areas with
dense human habitations.
1.
The proposed site of NMIA: Data was collected from wetlands, creeks, paddy fields, mangrove
covered areas, mudflats, open scrub-land and shrub-land. The study area included
Kombadbhuja, Ulve, Dungi, Pargaon, Chinchpada and Kopar; the villages adjacent to the
proposed NMIA site, and the creeks at Gadhi, Ulve, Kalamboli and Panvel.
2.
North-west: This block includes the land primarily covered with grass and shrubs, the
seashore parallel to Palm Beach Road and a part of Airoli Creek, and the water bodies around
NRI Complex, DPS School on Palm Beach Road, Belapur Pond and a portion of Parsik Hills.
3.
North-east: This block includes Taloja, Panvel, Tembhode, Kewale, Nere and Pali villages,
which is a hilly area interspersed with paddy fields, human habitations and grasslands.
4.
South-west or Uran-Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) area: This block includes small
wetlands, and mangroves areas near the villages such as Jasai, Sonari, Belpada, Karal, Gawhan,
Uran, Jaskhar and Funde.
5.
South-east: This block primarily consists of reserve-forest patches adjoining villages such as
Mosare, Patnoli and Ransai. The southern-moist, mixed-deciduous forest patch was recently
added to Karnala Bird Sanctuary, NH17 (National Highway number 17) cuts through this sanctuary.
For the study of seasonal variations in bird population, the BNHS survey team focussed on the
following areas to collect data about temporal and special variation in the population of some
congregating bird species.
SUJIT NARWADE
1. Belpada Lake: It is located in the southwest direction of the proposed NMIA site near SonariBelpada village. This lake near the campus of Speedy Services was observed being used by the
birds for roosting. It is surrounded by grass/shrub land from three sides and the boundary wall of
A flock of Whiskered Terns at Belapda Lake
4
Speedy Services on the fourth side. This wetland, once connected to the sea by water channels,
is isolated and its water level is not dependent on the tidal cycle, therefore, it dries up in the
summer. This lake is reachable from Panvel-JNPT road, and is about 2-3 km from Jasai village and
about 500 metres from the toll plaza towards Speedy Container Yard.
SUJIT NARWADE
2. Panvel Creek and NMIA site: Waders are usually seen on a rock-bed, exposed during a lowtide, in Panvel Creek at the proposed site of NMIA near Kopar and Pargaon villages. This site is of
mixed habitat and includes mangroves, open scrubland/shrub land, complex of smaller wetlands
created by backwater, paddy fields as well as creeks of Gadhi, Ulve, Kalamboli and Panvel. Roosting
of birds was mainly seen in area of about 40 hectares as shown in the map.
SUJIT NARWADE
Land filling activities at the proposed site of NMIA
Land filling activities near Panvel creek at the proposed site of NMIA
5
3. Kharghar Creek: Located between the harbour-line railway stations Kharghar and Mansarovar,
the creek can be reached by road via Sion-Panvel Highway. The mangroves adjoining the creek
were surveyed for the study of population of small birds. As this study area comprised a large
portion covered by the mangroves it was important to know the status of smaller birds that may
pose a threat to flight safety in future.
10 kilometre radius area around the proposed site of NMIA, marked over a map
Selected Study sites in the 10 kilometre radius area around the proposed site of NMIA, marked over a
satellite image of the area
6
4. NRI Wetland: This site lies in the northwest direction of the proposed site of NMIA. It includes
wetland spread across 19 hectares, surrounded by grass, shrubs and mangroves. Water level in
this wetland is controlled mainly by the tide level and the activities of the local fisherman.
During a high tide, the water enters the wetland and is retained by small check dams created by
the fishermen. Mangroves cover the wetland from three sides and the fencing wall of NRI complex
on one side with a thin stretch of grass and vegetation in between. The vegetation on the borders
of the wetland makes it undisturbed and an enclosed habitat for birds to roost. This wetland lies
behind NRI Complex, followed by a stretch of mangroves, and finally reaches the seashore. We
observed a majority of water birds preferred to congregate in this area during early-winter and
summer. This wetland is also used as a stopover site by a number of migratory birds during the
early-winter season.
5. TSC Wetland: Spread over 15 hectares, this wetland lies behind Training Ship Chanakya Maritime
Institute and followed by a stretch of paddy fields, shrub land and the mangroves, and finally it
reaches the seashore. The water level in the wetland is primarily controlled by the local fisherman,
as by the tidal cycles. A majority of water birds preferred to congregate in this area during the
summer months. Birds use this site for resting during the high tide. We observed that the migratory
birds used this area as a stopover site during winter migration cycles.
6. Uran-JNPT Area: There are many small wetlands scattered across the Uran-JNPT area, flocked
by waders during low tides. The wetlands near village Dongri and Funde were used by birds for
resting and foraging.During late-winters, a majority of these wetlands were observed to have
dried completely. Tide dependent movement of birds was observed. Many birds were seen
resting during low tide also foraging in shallow water.
MRUGANK PRABHU
7. Wetland at Jaskhar and Nhava Sheva Police Station: The Jashkar wetland is adjacent to human
habitation and the grassland on west of Nhava Sheva Police station was a temporary wetland
during monsoon and overwintering population of few migratory birds was seen here. Birds were
often observed resting at this site during high tide.
Golden-fronted Leafbird feeding on a fruit in Karnala Bird Sanctuary
7
MRUGANK PRABHU
8. Forest areas: We surveyed the forest areas in Chirner, Mosare, Ransai, Patnoli and Karnala
Bird Sanctuary. The forest in these areas is of the mixed-deciduous type, dominated by
Jamun Syzygium cumuni, Goose Berry Zizipus mauritiana, Banyan Ficus bengalensis, Teak
Tectona grandis, Red Silk Cotton Bombax ceiba and Anjan Hardwickia binata. The land-use
pattern includes forest, grassland, agriculture and plantation in Chirner, Mosare, Ransai and
Patnoli. Chirner forest was seen interspersed by the patches of Mango orchards, and Teak and
Cashew plantations. Karnala Bird Sanctuary a protected area and a mixed deciduous forest
provides the most suitable habitat for the forest dwelling birds.
Grey-breasted Prinia, Karnala Bird Sanctuary
8
Chapter III
Methodology
Multiple site-surveys were conducted between December 2013 and March 2014. We used
binoculars (Nikon Monarch 10x X 40x) for correct bird identification and a digital SLR-camera
(Cannon 550D, Cannon with 400 mm fixed-focus lens) for documentation of bird-species and
observations at each survey site. Photographs of the unidentified birds were maintained for
further studies. The bird species were recorded (sighting or call) on the field, and direct
observations were made by walking along roads, hills, forest-paths, wetlands, mangroves and
creek areas.
The birds were identified by referring to Ali & Ripley (1983), Grimmett et. al (1998) and Rasmussen
& Anderton (2012). The list of birds was arranged family-wise following Manakadan & Pittie
(2001), and Rasmussen & Anderton (2012) was followed for the nomenclature. A GPS device was
used to collect accurate geographical coordinates. The birds were counted using the Estimatedblock Method (Bibby, et.al 2000) for different species according to the congregation size during
roosting time. Transects were laid in habitats such as forests, open lands, grassland, mangrove
patches and agricultural lands. The Total Count Method was used to estimate the count of
congregating water-birds and waders during High Tide Wetland Surveys (Koffijberg et. al 2003,
Donal and Clark, 1991). The observations were recorded continuously for two hours before and
after high tide for each wetland. Every site was visited at least once in a month.
To understand the population variations, the quantitative data collected across the study area
during January to March 2014 was compared with the data between January and March 2013, and
presented through graphs. In the study area, we found that site-specific avifaunal diversity is
highly dynamic and depends on various factors including water level, seasonal variations and
daily tidal-level changes. Seasonal changes in the species diversity at the selected sites was
noted to be influenced by the presence the migratory species and changes in the water level
during monsoons and summer. We monitored sites regularly in summer (from April to May),
monsoon (from June to September) and winter (from October to March) during April 2013 to
March 2014; the period under consideration for this report.
A few sites were used for feeding by wintering birds, and for resting by some species during a
high tide, resulting in spatial and temporal fluctuations in the species composition. For better
understanding of the species variation at different sites we have presented the comparative
data for the resident and the migratory bird species.
9
Chapter IV
Results
A)
Seasonal variation in the species composition and bird population during January 2013 to
March 2014.
Figure 1: Seasonal variation in the number of species at the selected sites in the study
area ( January 2013 to March 2014 )
Figure 2: Seasonal variation in the number of species – percentage – at the selected sites in
the study area ( January 2013 to March 2014 )
10
1.
Summer (April and May 2013)
Belpada Lake – During the summer, 60 bird species were recorded from here. Of the 60 bird
species, 31 were resident and 29 species were migratory. We counted 1,438 birds during a single
visit to the lake in April 2013. The lake dried after April, therefore, very few water birds were
seen thereafter.
NMIA site – Forty species of birds were recorded here, of which 23 were resident and 17 were
migratory; especially the wader species. NMIA site holds maximum avifaunal diversity in summer
– compared to monsoon and winter – because most other wetlands in the study area dry up
before or during summer season. We counted over 937 individuals of birds during a visit to this
site in April 2013.
SUJIT NARWADE
NRI Wetland – Of the 29 species recorded here 10 were resident species and 19 were migratory.
Water level in this wetland was controlled by the local fishermen. The water was occasionally
drained completely to restore a fresh supply of sea-water during the following high-tide. Changes
in the water level were observed to be adversely related to the change in the species diversity. We
counted 4,538 birds during a visit to the lake in April 2013. Majority of birds were waders such as
Little Stint Calidris minuta, Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus, Greater Sandplover Charadrius
leschenaultii, Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola, Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea, etc.
A mixed flock of Black-tailed Godwit, Terns and Gulls at NRI Wetland
TSC Wetland – Of the 28 species that were recorded here, 19 species were migratory and 9 were
resident. This site shows maximum avifaunal diversity in summer when compared to winter
and monsoon. Diversity of migratory birds at this site was very high during late summer i.e. in
April and May. The large numbers of migratory birds were seen using this site as a stopover site
during arrival and departure period of the migratory season. We counted 9,850 individuals of
birds during a visit to this site in April 2013.
2.
11
Monsoon (June to September 2013)
Belpada Lake comprises an inland wetland, grasslands and mangroves. The water level was observed
to be the lowest in April; subsequently it dired up. Nine species of migratory birds and 46 species
of resident birds were recorded during Monsoon at this site. Migratory species such as Common
Redshank Tringa totanus and Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa were observed in flocks of 30-40
birds, mostly in September 2013 i.e. late monsoon. The water level during monsoon was
approximately 1.5 metres, hence, the birds were observed utilising temporary water pools formed
by the rain water in open areas like adjoining grasslands at the study site. We counted 477 birds
during a visit in July 2013. Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio, Pheasant-tailed Jacana
Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, and Eurasian Coot Fulica atra
were seen congregating in this wetland during the monsoon.
NMIA site comprises mudflats, mangroves and grassland. The mudflats along the creek are often
used by migratory birds for foraging during low-tide. Twenty three resident bird species and seven
migratory species were recorded at this site during the monsoon in 2013. Birds such as Indian Reed
Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus, Plain Prinia Prinia inornata, and Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis were
observed breeding in the mangroves and the associated plants. Egrets were seen foraging in the
paddy fields at the proposed NMIA site. Migratory birds were observed at this site during late
monsoon in 2013. We counted 261 birds during a visit in July 2013.
SUJIT NARWADE
NRI Lake was observed to be a tide-dependent wetland, created by the local fishermen for
fishing. The wetland is bordered by small shrubs and the mangroves vegetation towards the
seashore. Eighteen resident bird species and 12 migratory species were recorded during monsoon
at this site in 2013. During early monsoons i.e. from June to August, the water level at this
wetland was about two metres. Due to the higher water level, very few bird species were seen
at this wetland during early monsoons. Most of the observations documented at this wetland
were during the late monsoon period in September 2013. We counted 273 birds during a visit to
the lake in July 2013.
A flock of Eurasian Curlew and juvenile Lesser Flamingos at NRI Wetland
12
At TSC Wetland, during the monsoon of 2013 we recorded 19 species of which seven were resident
and 12 were migratory. The migratory species were seen during the late-monsoon; in September
2013. We counted 786 birds during a visit in July 2013.
3.
Winter (October 2013 to December 2013)
SUJIT NARWADE
At Belpada Lake, 20 migratory and 39 resident bird species were observed during the winter of
2013. The species diversity was observed to be higher during the winters primarily due to the
wintering birds at this site. Though the number of resident species was more, population of the
migratory species was higher. We observed migratory bird species in huge flocks and large
congregations at Belpada Lake. We counted 1,536 birds, mainly migratory ducks, during a visit to
the lake in October 2013.
A flock of Painted Stork foraging at Belpada Lake
During the winter, of the 39 bird species seen at the proposed site of NMIA, 20 were resident and
19 were migratory. The migratory birds were observed foraging on the mudflats along the creek
during low-tide. We counted 445 birds during a visit in October 2013.
At NRI Wetland, we recorded 23 migratory and 16 resident bird species. During winter, the water
level at NRI Wetland was lower compared to the water level during monsoons, therefore, many
birds used it as a resting site during high-tide periods in winters. We observed a sharp increase
in the species diversity at this site during the winter. We counted 2,471 birds in a visit to the lake in
October 2013.
We observed about 18 migratory bird species at TSC Wetland. Only nine resident species were
recorded in this area, of which seven resident species were observed during the winter months.
Most of the area adjacent to TSC Wetland is scrub land. The wetland is disturbed by anthropogenic
activities. This wetland was observed to be used as a stopover site by migratory birds. We observed
about 40,000 birds during October 15 to October 20 in 2013. Later, we saw about 10,000 birds at this
site throughout the winter.
13
PARVEEN SHAIKH
Juveniles of Greater Flamingo foraging along with Lesser Flamingos at NRI Wetland
B)
Bird movements
During the study period, we observed that the birds used different sites in different seasons.
Tidal cycles and concurrent water levels in the wetlands were found to be influential factors,
besides others such as climatic factors, for bird movements. The bird movements were observed
to be resulting into seasonal variation in species abundance at the roosting and foraging sites.
The roosting sites such as wetlands near DPS, NRI, and the proposed NMIA site, Sonari-Belpada
and TSC and adjoining mangroves held considerably large populations of birds in the study area.
During the study period between October 2013 and March 2014, about 10,000 birds, primarily
waders includingLesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus, Greater Sand Plover Charadrius
leschenaulti, Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea, Little Stint Calidris minuta were observed
flying in flocks across these sites and open creeks and mudflats along the seashore, for foraging..
It was also observed that bird congregation’s occurred in shallow waters and the population of
the congregating birds at different roosting sites changed with seasons.
Figure 3: Seasonal variation in the population of birds at various sites ( April, July and
October 2013 )
MRUGANK
14
A flock of terns and waders at Belpada Lake
C)
A comparative account of significant population variation of the selected bird species (
January to March in 2013 and 2014 )
1.
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala is a near threatened (NT) species as per the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. According to Abdulali (1981) it
was an uncommon flocking species and (Prasad, 2003) noted it as a local migrant in Mumbai.
Figure 4: A comparative account of population variation in Painted Stork
We observed this species roosting in large numbers at Belpada Lake and NRI Lake and foraging
in wetlands, mudflats and on the seashore. In 2013 this species was observed at NRI Wetland
and TSC Wetland. We observed about 100 individuals at Belpada Lake in 2013, and about 130 in
2014. Bird-count at NRI Wetland during January to March period was 100 individuals in 2013 and
10 individuals in 2014. This sudden fall indicates local movement of population at various sites.
This local movement across different sites was found to be associated with the water level in
the particular wetland. At NMIA site 45 birds were observed.
15
2.
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia is a common resident bird, and was documented
as an occasional, local migrant and a flocking species (Abdulali, 1981). It was recorded to be
breeding in Deccan Maharashtra between January and May (Prasad, 2003). It was also observed in
mixed flock with Painted Storks Mycteria leucocephala (Sarkar, 2011).
Figure 5: A comparative account of population variation in Eurasian Spoonbill
We mostly observed this species feeding; walking and sweeping the partly-open bill from side
to side at Belpada Lake and NRI Wetland. It was often observed in compact flocks of 30-40
individuals at Belpada Lake. These birds occupied the lake in 2013 and 2014, however, it was
observed at NRI Wetland only in 2013. The population witnessed fluctuation during 2013 and this
year. About 240 individuals were seen at Belpada Lake between January to March 2013and we
observed only 60 individuals during January to March 2014
3.
Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor – It is a near threatened (NT) species as per the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
Figure 6: A comparative account of population variation in Lesser Flamingo
16
Earlier in Mumbai and adjoining regions, it was reported as stray or vagrant and a flocking species
(Abdulali, 1981). It was recorded in large numbers and regular near Mumbai (Prasad, 2003) and
between 2000 and 2002 there were records from Sewri , Uran, and Thane creek of flocks of up to
3,000 birds (Monga, 2003). Thousands of Flamingos were sighted on the mudflats of Sewri during
low tide in the April in 1984 (Sowrirajan, 1994). A flock of about 20,000 individuals of Greater and
Lesser Flamingo was sighted at Sewri (Woodward, 2007).
PARVEEN SHAIKH
This species was observed at TSC Wetland, on the seashore and NRI Wetland. During January to
March 2013 we reported about 600 individuals at TSC wetland but in 2014 we observed over 6,000
individuals at TSC and NRI wetlands. The population was observed to have increased manifold in
year 2014, with over 50 per cent of the population comprising juveniles.
A congregation of Lesser Flamingos, NRI Wetland
4.
Northern Pintail Anas acuta – It is a winter migrant species. According to Abdulali (1981)
it was a flocking species and Prasad (2003) recorded it from Borivali; a northern suburb of Mumbai,
where it was mostly seen in salt-pans and open water bodies at Mahul (Verma et. al. 2004).
Abdulali & Ali (1981) reported this bird in small numbers in Mumbai area.
Figure 7: A comparative account of population variation in Northern Pintail
17
We observed this duck-species at Belpada Lake as well as a few individuals resting at NMIA creek.
During January to March period, we saw about 200 individuals in 2013 and 300 individuals in 2014
at Belpada Lake.
5.
Common Teal Anas crecca – It is a migratory species, earlier it was reported from Mumbai
region as a flocking species (Abdulali, 1981). It was seen throughout the Western Maharashtra
and adjoining areas (Prasad, 2003) and it was mostly reported from salt-pans and open water
bodies at Mahul (Verma et. al. 2004).
Figure 8: A comparative account of population variation in Common Teal
We observed this duck-species at Belpada Lake and a few individuals resting at NMIA creek. We
reported 300 individuals from Belpada Lake during January to March 2013 and about 400 individuals
during the same period in 2014.
6.
Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata – It is a winter migrant species, according to earlier
records from Mumbai and adjoining areas, it is a flocking species (Abdulali, 1981), recorded in
very small numbers around Mumbai during 2000-02 (Prasad, 2003), however seen regularly near
wetlands at Uran in 2008 (Sarkar, 2011).
Figure 9: A comparative account of population variation in Northern Shoveller
18
We observed this duck-species at Belpada Lake and a few individuals resting at NMIA creek and
NRI Wetland . In 2013, we documented about 150 individuals during January to March but in this
year, we observed only 100 individuals. At the proposed site for NMIA and NRI Wetland, we
observed this species only in 2013.
7.
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata – It is a winter migrant and a near threatened (NT)
species as per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Earlier reported
in Mumbai and adjoining areas, as an occasional migrant and a flocking species (Abdulali, 1981).
It was recorded as a common winter visitor along the west coast (Prasad, 2003), apparently some
birds are present in the Konkan all year round (Keswal, 1886) and seen in the marsh, salt pans and
creeks at Mahul (Verma et. al. 2004).
Figure 10: A comparative account of population variation in Eurasian Curlew
This species was commonly observed at NRI and TSC wetlands during high tide and on the
seashore during a low tide. These birds were present in the study area during winter, and some
overwintering birds were seen throughout the year; especially in the mangroves and mudflats
at Uran. About 100 birds were seen at the proposed NMIA site and more than 150 individuals
were recorded from NRI Wetland during January to March period in 2013. About 20 individuals
were seen at TSC and NRI wetlands in 2014 during the January to March period.
8.
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta – It is a winter migrant. From Mumbai and adjoining
areas, it was previously reported as a winter migrant (Abdulali, 1981). It was an occasional and
flocking species (Prasad, 2003) and common along the coast; rare inland and seen in open water
bodies at Mahul (Verma et. al. 2004). About 100-200 individuals were consistently sighted in
Uran area by Sarkar (2011).
We observed this species at Belpada Lake, the proposed site of NMIA and NRI Wetland. They
were always seen in flocks of about 30-35 individuals, scattered all over the area and continuously
foraging in shallow waters. We have documented fluctuations in its population throughout the
study period. During January to March 2013 approximately 200 individuals were reported, and in
2014 the number was as low as 5 to 10 individuals.
19
Figure 11: A comparative account of population variation in Pied Avocet
9.
Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica – It is a winter migrant bird in study area. Previous
records from Mumbai and adjoining areas mentioned it as a local migrant, and common flocking
species (Abdulali, 1981). It was common species of the west coast (Prasad, 2003) but the population
was apparently declining near Mumbai (Monga, 2001) and was usually seen in the marsh, salt
pans and creek at Mahul (Verma et. al. 2004).
Figure 12: A comparative account of population variation in Gull-billed Tern
We observed this species commonly in the study area. These birds were mainly observed foraging
on the seashore as well as all at the wetlands in the study area. They were seen roosting along
with other waders, primarily at NRI Wetland, Belpada Lake and the TSC wetland. Between January
and March period in 2013 around 150 birds were seen at NRI Wetland, about 50 individuals at
Belpada Lake and around 25 at TSC Wetland, however, for the same period in 2014, about 10 birds
were seen only at NRI Wetland.
20
10.
Caspian Tern Sterna caspia - It is a winter migrant and previously recorded from Mumbai
and adjoining areas as an occasional visitor (Abdulali, 1981), common on the coast; uncommon
inland (Prasad, 2003) and mainly seen at Mahul Creek (Verma et. al. 2004).
Figure 13: A comparative account of population variation in Caspian Tern
We commonly observed this species throughout the study area, foraging primarily on the seashore
and at the major water bodies. These birds were observed roosting at NRI Wetland, Belpada Lake
and the TSC Wetland, along with other waders. Around 200 birds were recorded from NRI Wetland
during January to March in 2013. A few small flocks were recorded at TSC Wetland and Belpada
Lake. During the January to March 2014, no bird was found in the study area.
11.
Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus - It was earlier recorded in Mumbai and adjoining
areas as a common flocking species (Abdulali, 1981). It is common on the coast; fairly uncommon
inland (Prasad, 2003) and seen at Mahul creek (Verma et. al 2004).
This is a common winter migrant and observed in almost all the wetlands of the study area.
About 200 birds were seen at NRI Wetland between January and March in 2013 and only 15
individuals were seen at NRI Wetland during same period in 2014.
Figure 14: A comparative account of population variation in Brown-headed Gull
21
References
in the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Manakadan, R. & A. Pittie (2001): Standardised common
and scientific names of the birds of the Indian
Subcontinent. Buceros (ENVIS Newsletter) 6(1): i-ix, 137.
Monga, S. (2003): Birds of Mumbai. India Book House
Pvt. Ltd. 75 pp.
Prasad, A. (2003): Annotated check-list of the Birds of
Western Maharashtra. Buceros 8(2-3): Pp.174.
Rasmussen, P.C. and J.C. Anderton (2012): Birds of South
Asia - The Ripley Guide Vols. 1 and 2. Second Edition.
National Museum of Natural History - Smithsonian
Institution, Michigan State University and Lynx
Edicions, Washington, D.C. Michigan and Barcelona.
Sarkar, S. (2011): Birds Losing the Battle: Case of Uran
wetlands, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. Buceros 16(2):
8-11.
Sowrirajan, T. V.(1994): Are there Flamingoes in Sewri?
Hornbill (1): 2-7
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version
2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 29
March 2014
Verma, A., S. Balachandran, N. Chaturvedi & V. Patil
(2004): A preliminary report on the biodiversity of
Mahul Creek, Mumbai, India with special reference
to avifauna. Zoo’s Print 19 (9): 1599-1605.
Woodward, T. (2007): Sewri bay, Thane creek, Mumbai,
India. Birding Asia 7: 61-64
SUJIT NARWADE
Abdulali, H. (1981): Check-list of the birds of Maharashtra
with notes on their status around Bombay BNHS, Bombay,
16pp.
Ali, S & S D Ripley (1983): Handbook of the Birds of India
and Pakistan. Compact ed. Oxford University Press,
Bombay.
Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess, D.A. Hill, S.H. Mustoe and S.
Lambton (2000): Bird Census Techniques, 2nd Edn.
American Press, London.
Donald, P.F. & Clark, N.A. (1991a). The roosting
behaviour of waders and wildfowl in Cardiff Bay.
BTO Research Report No. 74 to Cardiff Bay
Development Corporation.
Grimmett, R., C. Inskipp and T. Inskipp (1998): Birds of
the Indian Subcontinent. Oxford University Press,
Oxford. Second Edition. 528 pp.
Keswal, L. (=Sinclair, W.F.) (1886): The Waters of Western
India. Part II. –Konkan and coast. By a member of
the society. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 1(4): 153-175.
Koffijberg K., J. Blew, K. Eskildsen, K. Günther, B. Koks,
K. Laursen, L.M. Rasmussen, P. Potel & P. Südbeck
(2003): High tide roosts in the Wadden Sea: A review
of bird distribution, protection regimes and
potential sources of anthropogenic disturbance. A
report of the Wadden Sea Plan Project 34. Wadden
Sea Ecosystem No. 16. Common Wadden Sea
Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment
Group, Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds
Stone quarrying activities were observed at some sites during surveys in the study area
22
Annexure I: List of birds observed in the study area
Sr. no. Common/scientific names
Habitat
WPA schedule IUCN
status
R/M Sites
1.
Family Podicipedidae
Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis
W
IV
LC
R
Dastan Phata, DPS Lake,
Belapur pond
2.
3.
4.
Family Phalacrocoracidae
Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger W
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo W
Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis W
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
All wetland areas
Ulve
All wetland areas
W/P
IV
LC
R
All wetland areas
W/P
W
W/P/C
W/C
W
W/C
W/MD
W
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
R
All wetland areas
All wetland areas
All wetland areas
All wetland areas
All wetland areas
All wetland areas
Dastan Phata, Nere, Sonari-Belpada
Kharghar Creek, Panvel Creek
W
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Uran
Ballaleshwar Lake
16.
Family Ciconiidae
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala W
IV
NT
R
17.
18.
19.
Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans
W
Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus W
Black Stork Ciconia nigra
W
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
R
R
M
Sonari-Belpada, Kopar, NRI, TSC
wetlands at Palm Beach Road
Dastan Phata
Dastan Phata, Mosare
Ransai dam
IV
NT
R
All wetlands and mangroves
I
IV
LC
LC
R
M
Jasai, Sanjivani School, Sonari-Belpada
Karal
I
LC
M
Sonari-Belpada, NRI
I
NT
M
Wetlands and Seashore of
Palm Beach Road
W
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
W
W
W/C
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
M
M
R
Sonari-Belpada
Jasai, Sanjivani School,
Sonari-Belpada
Sonari-Belpada
Sonari-Belpada
All
W
IV
LC
M
NRI
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
20.
21.
22.
Family Ardeidae
Eastern Cattle Egret
Bubulcus coromandus
Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia
Great Egret Egretta alba
Little Egret Egretta garzetta
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
Indian Pond-heron Ardeola grayii
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
Western Reef-heron Egretta gularis
Black-crowned Night-heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
Striated Heron Butorides striata
Chestnut Bittern
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Family Threskiornithidae
Black-headed Ibis
W/C
Threskiornis melanocephalus
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia W
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus
W
24.
Family Phoenicopteridae
Greater Flamingo
W
Phoenicopterus roseus
Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor W
25.
26.
Family Anatidae
Greylag Goose Anser anser
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea
23.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Northern Pintail Anas acuta
Common Teal Anas crecca
Indian Spot-billed Duck
Anas poecilorhyncha
Mallard Anas palatyrhynchos
23
Habitat WPA schedule IUCN
status
R/M Sites
31.
32.
33.
34.
W
W/C
W
W
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
M
M
R
R
W
IV
LC
R
Sonari-Belpada
Kharghar Creek, Belpada
Dastan Phata
Dastan Phata, Belapur pond,
Sonari-Belpada, Palm Beach raod
Dastan Phata, Belapur pond
W
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
Belpada
Belpada
All
All
I
I
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
All areas
W/P
W
I
I
LC
LC
R
M
Sonari-Belpada, Dastan Phata
Sonari-Belpada
All
F
F
I
I
I
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
All areas
Jasai, Uran
Mosare
F
F
W
I
I
I
LC
LC
LC
R
R
M
Ransai, Chirner
Mosare
All areas
F
F
I
I
LC
LC
R
R
Ransai, Mosare
Ransai
GS
F
F
W
W
I
I
I
I
I
LC
LC
LC
VU
R
M
M
R
R
Chirner road
Mosare
Sonari-Belpada, Mosare
Sonari-Belpada
Uran
GS
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Chirner road
Uran
W/C
I
LC
R
Kharghar Creek, Sonari-Belpada
P
F
F
F
GS
GS
I
-
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
R
R
R
Chirner
Kharghar hills
Ransai, Chirner Road
Nere
Taloja
Taloja
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Garganey Anas querquedula
Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
Lesser Whistling-duck
Dendrocygna javanica
Cotton Teal
Nettapus coromandelianus
Gadwall Anas strepera
Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope
Family Accipitridae
Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus
Black Kite
Milvus migrans migrans/govinda
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
Black-eared Kite
Milvus (migrans lineatus
Shikra Accipiter badius
White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa
Oriental Honey-buzzard
Pernis ptylorhynchus
Common Buzzard Buteo buteo
Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus
Western Marsh Harrier
Circus aeruginosus
Crested Serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela
Changeable Hawk-eagle
Nisaetus cirrhatus
Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus
Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga
Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina
White-bellied Sea-eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
Family Falconidae
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Peregrine Falcon (Shaheen)
Falco peregrinus perigrenator
Family Pandionidae
Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Family Phasianidae
Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica
Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea
Jungle Bush-quail Perdicula asiatica
Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus
Painted Francolin Francolinus pictus
Grey Francolin
Francolinus pondicerianus
24
status
64.
65.
Family Turnicidae
Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator P
Yellow-legged buttonquail Turnix tanki P
66.
Family Gruidae
Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
Family Rallidae
White-breasted Waterhen
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio
Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra
Slaty-breasted Rail Gallirallus striatus
Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca
Brown Crake Porzana akool
Family Jacanidae
Bronze-winged Jacana
Metopidius indicus
Pheasant-tailed Jacana
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Family Rostratulidae
Greater Painted Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
-
W
R/M Sites
LC
LC
R
R
Chirner
Chirner
LC
M
Belpada
W/C
IV
LC
R
Dastan Phata, Pargaon
W
W
W
W/C
W/C
W/C
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
R
R
R
Dastan Phata, Pargaon
Belapur pond, Dastan Phata
Chirner, Uran
W
IV
LC
R
W
IV
LC
R
W
IV
LC
R
ALL
W/MD
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
M
All areas
All mudflats in study area
W/MD
IV
LC
M
Behind NRI Complex
80.
81.
82.
83.
Family Charadriidae
Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus Indicus
Lesser Sand Plover
Charadrius mongolus
Greater Sand Plover
Charadrius leschenaulti
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius
Pacific Golden-Plover Pluvialis fulva
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrines
Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola
W/MD
W/MD
W/MD
W/MD
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
R
M
M
M
All wetlands
TS Chanakya, Panvel Creek
All wetlands
Sonari-Belpada, wetlands of
Palm Beach Road area
84.
85.
Family Scolopacidae
Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago
Common Redshank Tringa totanus
W
W/MC
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
M
All (congregation at Kharghar Creek)
86.
87.
88.
Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola
W/MC
Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos W/MC
Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia W/RS
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
M
R
M
89.
90.
91.
92.
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus
Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus
Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
‘Western’ Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
M
M
M
M
All wetlands
All wetlands
Seashore of Palm Beach Road,
Sonari-Belpada
Kharghar Creek, Kopar
Sonari-Belpada
All wetlands (more at Belpada)
Sonari-Belpada, Sanjivani School
77.
78.
79.
W/MC
W/MC
W
W
25
status
R/M Sites
93.
94.
95.
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres
Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii
W
RS
W
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
M
M
M
96.
97.
Little Stint Calidris minuta
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea
W
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
98.
Broad-billed Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus
Ruff Philomachus pugnax
Dunlin Calidris alpina
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus
W
IV
LC
M
W
W
W
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
M
M
Seashore of Palm Beach Road
Sonari-Belpada
W
IV
LC
R
All wetland areas
W
IV
LC
M
Jasai, NRI area
99.
100.
101.
NRI Lake
TSC lake
All (Large congregation at
NRI lake)
All wetland areas
Sonari-Belpada, Dastan Phata,
Sanjivani school (congregation of
2,000 birds behind NRI Complex)
Belpada, NRI Lake, TS Chanakya
103.
Family Recurvirostridae
Black-winged Stilt
Himantopus himantopus
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta
104.
105.
Family Laridae
Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian Tern Sterna caspia
W
W/C
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
106.
107.
Saunders’ Tern Sterna saundersi
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus
W/C
W/C
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
108.
River Tern Sterna aurantia
W/C
IV
LC
M
109.
110.
111.
White-cheeked Tern Sterna repressa
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei
Brown-headed Gull
Larus brunnicephalus
Common Black-headed Gull
Larus ridibundus
Heuglin’s Gull Larus fuscus heuglini
Great Black-headed Gull
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
W
W
W
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
M
M
M
W
IV
LC
M
All wetland areas
Wetlands of Kamothe, Panvel,
Palm Beach Road
Wetlands of Palm Beach Road
Wetlands of Palm Beach Road,
Panvel Creek
Wetlands of Sonari-Belpada,
Palm Beach Road, Panvel Creek
Jasai
NRI, TS Chanakya
All wetland areas
(more than 200 at DPS lake)
All wetland areas
W
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
Airoli
Sea shore
W
IV
VU
R
NRI area
All/NH
F
IV
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Karnala
All
IV
LC
R
All areas
GS
IV
LC
R
Uran
102.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
Family Rynchopidae
Indian Skimmer Rynchops albicollis
Family Columbidae
Rock Pigeon Columba livia
Yellow-footed Green-pigeon
Treron phoenicoptera
Grey-fronted Green Pigeon
Treron affinis
Laughing Dove
Streptopelia senegalensis
Eurasian Collared-dove
Streptopelia decaocto
26
status
R/M Sites
121.
All
IV
LC
R
All areas
All
IV
LC
R
All areas
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
All
All
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
All areas
All
IV
LC
R
Mosare, Ransai
F
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
R
Chirner, Karnala
Chirner, Ransai, Mosare
All
IV
LC
R
Mosare
All
IV
LC
R
Mosare
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
Family Psittacidae
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Psittacula krameri
Plum-headed Parakeet
Psittacula cyanocephala
Family Cuculidae
Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus
Greater Coucal (Southern Coucal)
Centropus sinensis
Common Hawk-cuckoo
Hierococcyx varius
Jacobin Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus
Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
Family Cuculidae
Blue-faced Malkoha
Phaenicophaeus viridirostris
Sirkeer Malkoha
Phaenicophaeus leschenaulti
131.
Family Tytonidae
Common Barn-Owl Tyto alba
NH
IV
LC
R
All areas
132.
133.
Family Strigidae
Spotted Owlet Athene brama
Indian Eagle-owl Bubo bengalensis
F/NH
NH
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Mosare, Ransai, Chiner, Karnala
Jasai
A/GS
IV
LC
R
Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
All areas
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
Family Caprimulgidae
Indian Little Nightjar
Caprimulgus asiaticus
Indian Jungle Nightjar
Caprimulgus indicus
Family Apodidae
Little Swift Apus affinis
NH
Asian Palm-swift Cypsiurus balasiensis F/NH
Family Alcedinidae
Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis
White-throated Kingfisher
Halcyon smyrnensis
Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis
Black-capped Kingfisher
Halcyon pileata
Black-backed Dwarf Kingfisher
Ceyx erithaca
W
All
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Kopar, Chirner
All areas
W
W/F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
Ransai
F
IV
LC
M
Ransai
27
143.
144.
145.
Family Meropidae
Little Green Bee-eater
Merops orientalis
Blue-tailed Bee-eater
Merops philippinus
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater
Merops persicus
status
R/M Sites
All
LC
R
All areas
F/MC
LC
R
Kharghar Creek, Mosare, Belpada
GS/W
LC
R
Belpada & Uran
LC
LC
R
M
All areas
Uran
LC
M
All areas
I
LC
R
Mosare, Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Mosare, Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Mosare, Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Patnoli, Chirner
F
IV
LC
R
Mosare
F
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Mosare
Patnoli, Chirner
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Mosare, Nere
F
IV
LC
R
Karnala
F
IV
LC
R
Karnala
GS
IV
LC
R
Uran
All
IV
LC
R
All areas
ALL
IV
LC
R
All areas
146.
147.
Family Coraciidae
Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis
European Roller Coracias garrulus
All
All
148.
Family Upupidae
Common Hoopoe Upupa epops
MC/GS
149.
Family Bucerotidae
Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris F
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
Family Capitonidae
Coppersmith Barbet
Megalaima haemacephala
Brown-headed Barbet
Megalaima zeylonica
White-cheeked Barbet
Megalaima viridis
Family Pittidae
Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura
Family Picidae
Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla
Rufous Woodpecker
Celeus brachyurus
Black-rumped Flameback
Dinopium benghalense
Common Flameback
Dinopium javanense
Yellow-fronted Pied Woodpecker
Dendrocopos mahrattensis
Heart-spotted Woodpecker
Hemicircus canente
Indian Pygmy Woodpecker
Dendrocopos nanus
Family Alaudidae
Ashy-crowned Finch-lark
Eremopterix griseus
Rufous-tailed Lark
Ammomanes phoenicura
Malabar Lark Galerida malabarica
IV
IV
28
169.
170.
Family Motacillidae
Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea
White Wagtail Motacilla alba
White-browed Wagtail
Motacilla maderaspatensis
Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis
Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus
171.
172.
Family Hirundinidae
Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
Family Campephagidae
Common Woodshrike
Tephrodornis pondicerianus
Large Cuckoo-shrike Coracina macei
Black-headed Cuckoo-shrike
Coracina melanoptera
Small Minivet
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Orange Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus
Family Irenidae
Common Iora Aegithina tiphia
Gold-fronted Leafbird
Chloropsis aurifrons
Family Pycnonotidae
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
White-eared Bulbul
Pycnonotus leucotis
White-browed Bulbul
Pycnonotus luteolus
Family Laniidae
Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus
‘Rufous-backed’ Long-tailed Shrike
Lanius schach erythronotus group
Southern Grey Shrike
Lanius meridionalis
Family Muscicapidae
Orange-headed Thrush
Zoothera citrina
Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus
Tawny-bellied Babbler
Turdoides hyperythra
status
R/M Sites
W/M
W/M
W
W
W
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
M
M
M
M
R
All areas
All areas
All areas
All areas
All areas
P/GS
ALL
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
R
All areas
All areas
All
W
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
All areas
F
IV
LC
R
Mosare
F
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Patnoli
Ransai
F
IV
LC
R
Mosare
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
F
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Ransai
Ransai, Mosare
All
F/MC
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
All areas
MC
IV
LC
R
All areas
F
IV
LC
R
Chirner
All
All
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
All areas
All areas
GS
IV
LC
R
Chirner road
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
F
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Ransai, Mosare, Patnoli
Mosare, Patnoli
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
status
Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense
Indian Scimitar-babbler
F
Pomatorhinus (schisticeps horsfieldii
Puff-throated Babbler
F
Pellorneum ruficeps
Brown-cheeked Fulvetta
F
Alcippe poioicephala
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros GS
Malabar Whistling-thrush
F
Myophonus horsfieldi
Oriental Magpie-robin
All
Copsychus saularis
Common Stonechat All
IV
Saxicola torquatus
Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata
All
Isabelline Wheatear
GS
Oenanthe isabellina
Indian Black Robin
All
Saxicoloides fulicatus
White-rumped Shama
F
Copsychus saularis
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica
MC
Blue Rockt-hrush Monticola solitaries
Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis
Plain Prinia Prinia inornata
Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis
Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii
Indian Reed-warbler
Acrocephalus (stentoreus bruniscens
Common Tailorbird
Orthotomus sutorius
Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca
Red-breasted Flycatcher
Ficedula parva
Asian Brown Flycatcher
Muscicapa dauurica
White-browed Fantail
Rhipidura albicollis
Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher
Culicicapa ceylonensis
Asian Paradise Flycatcher
Terpsiphone paradise
Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher
Cyornis tickelliae
Black-naped Blue Monarch
Hypothymis azurea
Family Paridae
Great Tit Parus major
R/M Sites
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R Chirner
Chirner, Mosare
IV
LC
R
Mosare, Patnoli
IV
LC
R
Ransai
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
Mosare
Ransai
IV
LC
R
All areas
LC
M
All areas
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
M
Uran
TS Chanakya
IV
LC
R
All areas
IV
LC
R
Ransai
IV
LC
M
GS
MC
All
All
All
MS
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
M
R
R
R
R
M
Sonari-Belpada, Kharghar Creek,
Pargaon
Uran
Kopar
All areas
All areas
Mosare
All creeks and mangrove areas
All
IV
LC
R
All areas
GS
GS/F
IV
IV
LC
LC
M
M
Uran
Nere
MC
IV
LC
M
Kopar
MC
IV
LC
M
Khargahr Creek
F
IV
LC
Ransai
F
IV
LC
Ransai, Karnala, Morbe, Chirner
F
IV
LC
Ransai, Karnala, Morbe
F
IV
LC
Karnala, Morbe
NH
IV
LC
R
Uran
29
30
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
status
Family Dicaeidae
Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile
Family Nectariniidae
Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiatica
Purple-rumped Sunbird
Leptocoma zeylonica
Small Sunbird Leptocoma minima
Vigors’ Sunbird Aethopyga vigorsii
Family Emberizidae
Red-headed Bunting
Emberiza bruniceps
Black-headed Bunting
Emberiza melanocephala
Family Fringillidae
Common Rosefinch
Carpodacus erythrinus
Family Estrildidae
Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica
Red Avadavat Amandava amandava
Tricoloured Munia Lonchura malacca
Scaly-breasted Munia
Lonchura punctulata
White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata
Family Passeridae
House Sparrow Passer domesticus
Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus
Black-breasted Weaver
Ploceus benghalensis
Yellow-throated Sparrow F/GS
Petronia xanthocollis
Family Sturnidae
Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus
Brahminy Starling
Temenuchus pagodarum
Grey-headed Starling
Sturnia malabarica
Malabar White-headed Starling
Temenuchus blythii
Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra
Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus
R/M Sites
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai, Karnala, Chirner, Morbe
All
GS
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Uran
Uran
F
F
IV
IV
LC
LC
R
R
Ransai
Ransai
GS
IV
LC
M
Pargaon
GS
IV
LC
M
Pargaon, Kharghar Creek
GS
IV
LC
M
Mosare
P
W/MC
MC
MC/F
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
R
F
IV
LC
R
All areas
Sonari-Belpada, TS Chanakya
Kharghar Creek, TS Chanakya
Kharghar Creek, TS Chanakya,
Mosare
Mosare
All
All
All
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
All areas
All areas
All areas
IV
LC
R
Uran, Mosare
All
IV
LC
M
GS
IV
LC
R
Sonari-Belpada, Nhava,
Kharghar Creek, Pargaon, Kopar
Uran
GS
IV
LC
R
Behind TS Chanakya
GS
IV
LC
R
Behind TS Chanakya
GS
All
All
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
All areas
All areas
Mosare
31
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
Family Oriolidae
Eurapean Golden Oriole
Oriolus oriolus
Black-headed Oriole
Oriolus xanthornus
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
Family Dicruridae
Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus
Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus
White-bellied Drongo
Dicrurus caerulescens
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo
Dicrurus paradiseus
Family Corvidae
House Crow Corvus splendens
Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos
Rufous Treepie
Dendrocitta vagabunda
R/M Sites
All
IV
LC
R
All areas
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai
F
IV
LC
M
Ransai
All
F
F
F
IV
IV
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
LC
R
R
M
R
All areas
Ransai
Karnala
Ransai, Patnoli
F
IV
LC
R
Ransai, Patnoli, Karnala
NH
All
F
V
IV
IV
LC
LC
LC
R
R
R
All areas
All areas
Mosare
SUJIT NARWADE
243.
status
The new tar road bifurcating the Belpada Lake will affect the visiting wintering birds
32
Annexure II
Figure 1: Seasonal variation in the number of species at selected sites in the study area
( January 2013 to March 2014 ) .................................................................................................
9
Figure 2: Seasonal variation in the number of species percentage at the selected sites in the study area
January 2013 to March 2014 ) ..................................................................................................
9
Figure 3: Seasonal variation in the population of birds at various sites
( April, July and October 2013 ) .................................................................................................
13
Figure 4: A comparative account of population variation in Painted Stork ..................................
14
Figure 5: A comparative account of population variation in Eurasian Spoonbill ...........................
15
Figure 6: A comparative account of population variation in Lesser Flamingo ..............................
15
Figure 7: A comparative account of population variation in Northern Pintail ...............................
16
Figure 8: A comparative account of population variation in Common Teal ....................................
17
Figure 9: A comparative account of population variation in Northern Shoveller ...........................
17
Figure 10: A comparative account of population variation in Eurasian Curlew .............................
18
Figure 11: A comparative account of population variation in Pied Avocet .....................................
19
Figure 12: A comparative account of population variation in Gull-billed Tern ..............................
19
Figure 13: A comparative account of population variation in Caspian Tern ...................................
20
Figure 14: A comparative account of population variation in Brown-headed Gull ........................
20

NMIA TRIMONTHLY REPORT-FROM HOME-6-9

Transcription

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