Plants of the Butterfly Garden (part 1)

Transcription

Anise Hyssop
Agastache foeniculum 'Blue Fortune'
Not a host plant for any
butterflies in this area.
A cultivar of the our northern neighbor native ‘blue
giant hyssop.’
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This lovely periwinkle-colored variety of anise hyssop resembles a
patch of lavender from afar.
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Wonderfully aromatic, it smells of licorice and mint.
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Tiny tubular blossoms sprout all along its husk-like shape, similar to an
ear of corn but even prettier.
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A rich source of nectar, this plant will attract bees and butterflies over a
long flowering period (July until frost).
Swamp Milkweed
Asclepias incarnata
Host plant for the Monarch.
A native plant.
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A native milkweed with willowy leaves along upright stalks, topped
with purple flowers in early summer.
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After flowering, it forms long puffy banana-shaped pods that open to
expose a fluffy mess of light fuzz and flat seeds that blow away in the
wind.
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Birds use the fluff in nest-building.
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Like all milkweeds, this one attracts monarch butterflies and many
other insects.
Butterfly Milkweed
Asclepias tuberosa
Host plant for the Monarch.
A native plant.
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After the early-summer flower clusters, green blimp-shaped pods form.
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These open to reveal silky parachuted seeds.
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Emerges rather late in spring, so don't give up on 'm too early!
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Drought-tolerant.
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Attracts monarch butterflies
Smooth Aster
Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird'
Host plant for Pearl Crescent.
A cultivar of the native blue
aster.
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This tall vase-shaped wildflower has large 1" diameter blue flowers
held in cloud-like clusters at the tips of the arching branches.
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You can pinch back the young shoots in June for denser habit and more
flowers, but it is not essential.
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Staking is helpful by late summer if you forget to pinch.
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Perfectly clean foliage makes for easy maintenance in production and
in the landscape.
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Aster laevis is a great source of nectar for migrating monarchs and
other late season butterflies.
New England Aster
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Purple Dome'
Host plant for Pearl Crescent.
A cultivar of the native.
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Provides a welcome burst of color to the late season landscape, 'Purple
Dome' is a compact heavy blooming variety which displays excellent
resistance to mildew.
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Used as a mixed border plant, and cut flowers have exceptionally long
vase life.
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Grow in any well-drained soil.
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Mulch to keep shallow roots cool in summer.
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For a compact display of flowers, pinch back in early summer.
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Keep on the dry side in fall and winter.
Blue Wild Indigo
Baptisia australis
A host plant of the
Hoary Edge and Wild Indigo Duskywing.
A native plant.
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Features a bushy, upright habit which makes it an excellent choice for
the back of the landscape.
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The attractive blue-green foliage is nicely complemented with indigoblue pea-like flowers on long terminals.
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Is one of the earliest perennials to emerge in the Spring.
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The flowers also attract butterflies and make good cut flowers.
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A spectacular native plant when mature!
Purple Smoke Wild Indigo
Baptisia australis 'Purple Smoke'
A host plant of the Hoary Edge
and Wild Indigo Duskywing.
A cultivar of the native Wild
Blue Indigo.
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The genus name comes from the Greek word "bapto" which means "to
dye" because some of the darker flowered species were used as dyes.
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Grow in full sun or part shade in average to dry soil.
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Baptisia has a very deep tap root, giving it the ability to survive long
dry periods.
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Full sun is best for the maximum flowering and performance.
Boltonia (Bolton’s Aster)
Boltonia asteroides 'Snowbank'
A cultivar of the native
called ‘white doll's daisy.’
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A beautiful perennial with clouds of small white daisies (yellow centers) and blue green foliage.
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Blooming from July through September.
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It is best to cut this plant half back in June to promote a bushier growth.
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Needs to be in a full sun area in moist, well-drained soil but can tolerate poor soil conditions.
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Great for fresh cut flowers, a great butterfly nectar source and hummingbird attractor.
Maryland Senna
Cassia marilandica
Host plant for Cloudless Sulfur,
Little Yellow, and Sleepy Orange.
A native plant.
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This erect, shrubby herbaceous perennial is the larval food source for
several sulphur butterflies.
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Clusters of brownish yellow, pea-like flowers top unbranched stems in
summer.
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Flowers give way to pendant, pea-like seed pods (to 4 in. long) which
turn black in fall and ornamental through winter.
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Feathery, compound, locust-like, dull green leaves.
Common Buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentalis
A host plant for some Sphinx
(Sphingidae) moths. Members of this
family are commonly called
"hummingbird," "sphinx," or "hawk"
moths, and some can be mistaken for
hummingbirds.
A native plant.
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A woody shrub (3-10 feet tall) that occasionally grows into a small tree
and can be found above water or in water up to 4 feet deep.
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It has shiny dark-green spear-or egg-shaped pointed leaves 3 to 6
inches long.
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The leaves are opposite or whorled in 3's or 4's along the stem.
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Flowers of buttonbush are easily identified by their greenish-white
tube flowers in dense ball-shaped clusters about 1 inch in diameter.
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Seed heads are brown.
Whorled Coreopsis
Coreopsis verticillata 'Zagreb'
Whorled Tickseed.
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Easily grown in dry to medium wet, well-drained soil in full sun.
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Thrives in poor, sandy or rocky soils with good drainage.
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Tolerant of heat, humidity and drought.
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Prompt deadheading of spent flower stalks can be tedious for a large
planting, but does tend to encourage additional bloom.
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Plants may be sheared in mid to late summer to promote a fall rebloom.
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea 'Magnus'
butterflies in this area. In
Minnesota, the Ottoe
Skipper.
plant, Eastern Purple
Coneflower.
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Infallible and dramatic.
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Echinacea purpurea is one of the all time favorite native wildflowers
for sun.
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Seed heads provide food for birds; flowers provide food for the soul.
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Echinacea purpurea is found in sunny meadows and along roadsides
throughout the eastern US.
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea 'Prairie Splendor'
Not a host plant for any butterflies in this area.
A cultivar of the native plant,
Eastern Purple Coneflower.
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It blooms from July-September and is a long lasting cut-flower.
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Echinacea is a tough, heat tolerant, easy to grow 3-foot perennial.
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A favorite flower of the Monarch butterfly
Blue Mistflower
Eupatorium coelestinum
Also called Hardy Ageratum
Not a host plant for any butterflies in
this area. Skippers and Swallowtails
are particularly fond of Mist Flower
nectar .
A native plant.
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The fuzzy blue flowers of hardy ageratum top attractive red stems in
late summer and early fall.
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Easy to grow, it naturalizes readily and works well as a filler or
groundcover planting.
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It's brilliant blue flowers make a unique and long-lasting cut flower.
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In warmer zones and loose soils, plan for quite a bit of spreading.
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Butterflies love it.
Hollow-Stemmed Joe Pye Weed
Eupatorium fistulosum
Alternate name Trumpetweed
Not a host plant for any butterflies
in this area. Hordes of butterflies
are always fluttering about the
flowers. The Algonquin, Joe Pye,
was said to have cured typhus fever with the plant that received his
name.
A native plant.
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A robust, upright perennial with hollow purple stems accented by
huge, rounded, tight clusters of pink or purplish-mauve flowers.
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It is an important pollen and nectar plant and attracts butterflies
(particularly the swallowtail butterfly) and other pollinators by the
dozens.
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The height makes it an excellent background plant in border perennial
beds, but is also majestic standing alone.
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Flower color is darker in cooler weather.
Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed
Eupatorium purpureum 'Little Red'
Not a host plant for any butterflies in this area. Hordes of butterflies are always fluttering about
the flowers. The Algonquin, Joe
Pye, was said to have cured typhus fever with the plant that received his name.
A cultivar of the native plant.
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These amazing plants are native from the US to Mexico,
and around the world to Asia.
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Most that we have trialed have proven to be amazingly adaptable in
our climate.
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Many of the native species thrive best in moist sites, although they are
quite adaptable in all but the worst droughts.
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Our native species are prized in European gardens, but sadly used less
often here where they are native.
Gaura (Lindheimer's beeblossom)
Gaura lindheimeri 'Fountain White'
Also called White Gaura, Butterfly
Bush, or Indian Feather.
A cultivar of the native of
Texas and Louisiana.
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Close to ever-blooming and flowers strongly up to October with a few
flowers occurring until deep into winter, then starting anew by late
spring if not sooner.
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Low-maintenance & hardy
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Full sun.
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Moderate water.
Common Sneezeweed
Helenium autumnale
Also called Helen’s Flower , sneezeweed, sneezewort, swamp sunflower, wild sunflower
A native plant.
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Sun Exposure: Full sun
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Origin: North America, in moist soils along streams and ponds
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Growth Habits: Erect, clump-forming herbaceous perennial, 3 to 5 feet
tall (90-150 cm), 2 to 3 feet spread (60-90 cm); dark green leaves, up to 6
inches long (15 cm)
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Watering Needs: Regular to wet soil, intolerant of dry soils
Swamp Sunflower
Helianthus angustifolius 'Gold Lace'
Host plant for Silvery
Checkerspot butterfly.
plant.
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Though it is usually found in swampy conditions in the wild, Helianthus angustifolius works well in most any sunny site.
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It will be less assertive when planted in dryer spots.
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Grow in full sun and average to moist soil. Drought tolerant once established.
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Late bloomer.
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Tolerant of a wide variety of conditions, Swamp Sunflower prefers consistent moisture while establishing.
Scarlet Rose Mallow
Hibiscus coccineus
Also called Swamp Mallow,
Scarlet Hibiscus, or (even)
Summer Poinsettia
Not a host plant for any butterflies in this area.
Native to the southeastern U.S.
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A slender shrubby herbaceous perennial that dies back in winter and
re-sprouts in spring.
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The five-petaled flowers are brilliant crimson red and 6-8 in (2.4-3.2 cm)
across.
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Each lasts only a day but new ones continue to open all summer and
fall. Does best in full sun.
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The leaves are divided palmately (like the fingers on a hand) into 3-7
narrow, pointed, serrated lobes.
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The scarlet hibiscus occurs naturally in swamps, marshes and ditches
in the southeastern U.S.
Halberdleaf Rosemallow
Hibiscus laevis
Not a host plant for
any butterflies in this
area.
A native plant.
Sometimes called Crimson-eyed
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This native perennial plant is 3-6' tall, branching occasionally.
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The stems are round and hairless. The alternate leaves are up to 6" long and 4" across.
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Each flower is up to 5" across when fully open, consisting of 5 rounded petals. The petals
are white or light pink.
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The blooming period can occur from mid-summer to early fall and lasts about a month.
Each flower lasts only a single day.
Lantana
Lantana camara
There are two Lantana Butterflies
(Larger and Smaller) that use this
plant as a host plant in Hawaii
and southern Texas.
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Native to the Central and South America, this species of lantana (also
commonly called shrub verbena) is an upright frost-tender shrub that
grows 3-6’ tall. Generally treated as an annual in our area.
It has escaped gardens throughout the world and is considered to be a
noxious weed in many frost-free/tropical areas where it can rapidly
spread to form dense thickets.
Tiny 5-lobed flowers in dense hemispherical clusters (to 2” diameter)
bloom summer to fall.
Flower colors include white, yellow, orange, red and purple, often
mixed in the same cluster. Ovate, toothed, dark green leaves (to 4”
long) are rough-wrinkled above.
Leaves are aromatic when bruised.
Flowers are very attractive to butterflies.
Dense Blazing Star
Liatris spicata 'Kobold'
Also called Gayfeather,
Button Snakeroot
plant.
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A native American wildflower excellent for border, meadow, or wild
garden settings.
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Spikes of lavender flowers from summer into fall atop narrow ribbon
foliage.
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Drought resistant, good for cut or dried flowers.
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Lavender flowers on multiple spikes seldom taller than 2 1/2 in.
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All blazing stars are attractive to butterflies.
Dense Blazing Star
Liatris spicata 'Floristan White'
Also known as Gayfeather.
plant.
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Widely grown as a commercial cut flower, this is selected from one of
our native prairie wildflowers.
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Plants form a low clump of grassy looking leaves, bearing tall spikes of
clean white flowers beginning in midsummer.
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Very useful in the sunny border or meadow garden, or in containers.
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Drought tolerant.
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Attractive to butterflies.
Great Blue Lobelia
Lobelia siphilitica
area.
A native plant.
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The spikes of brilliant true blue flowers on this wetland native attract
butterflies and hummingbirds.
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This blue counterpart of the Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis) is a
most desirable plant for woodland gardens especially since it blooms
bright blue in late summer.
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The unfortunate species name, siphilitica, is based on the fact that it
was a supposed cure for syphilis.
Scarlet Beebalm
Monarda didyma 'Jacob Cline'
area.
plant.
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Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds
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Deer resistant; mildew resistant foliage
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Thrives in full sun or partial shade with 8+ week bloom time (JulyAugust)
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Old stems provide winter cover for beneficial insects
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Seed source for birds and other critters
Petite Delight Beebalm
Monarda didyma 'Petite Delight'
Though beebalm has become the
most frequently used common
name for the North American
wildflower Monarda, it is also
well known as Bergamot or
Oswego tea.
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As one might guess from the name, Beebalm attracts bees along with
hummingbirds and other pollinators.
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These plants also serve as a butterfly nectar source.
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It's fragrant leaves are used to make tea and potpourri.
Gardenview Scarlet Beebalm
Monarda didyma 'Gardenview Scarlet'
any butterflies in
this area.
A cultivar of the
native.
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Nothing brings in the butterflies, hummingbirds, and bees like
Monarda, and these large scarlet blooms are like a welcome banner into
the summer garden!
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Blooming for 2 months if kept deadheaded, these vigorous, bushy 2- to
3-foot plants sport wonderfully fragrant foliage as well as the vibrant
blooms.
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Great mildew resistance further improves the plants, which multiply
quickly into huge, colorful colonies.
Golden Ragwort
Packera aurea
A native plant.
• Habitat: wet woods, meadows, swamps
• Height: 1-3 feet
• Flower size: flower head 3/4 inch wide
• Flower color: yellow
• Flowering time: April to June
Egyptian Starcluster
Pentas lanceolata
Also called pentas, star flower
Native to Puerto Rico and
Hawaii.
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Dark green, lance-shaped, somewhat furry and deeply veined leaves provide a lush
backdrop for prolific clusters of never-ending, five-petaled flowers.
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These may be red, white, lavender, purple, or shades of pink.
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Some are two-toned.
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All are extremely attractive to butterflies, and the red and dark pink varieties delight hummingbirds
Garden Phlox
Phlox paniculata 'David'
plant, Fall Phlox.
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Garden phlox, native to the eastern half of the U.S., likes rich, welldrained soil and full to partial sunlight.
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There are some wonderful varieties to choose from. David is a brilliant
white phlox.
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Reaching as high as 5', summer phlox puts on a colorful show for several weeks from mid- to late summer.
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Its sweet perfume lures a variety of butterflies, such as swallowtails,
Painted Ladies, Great Spangled Fritillaries, sulphurs and skippers.
Obedient Plant
Physostegia virginiana 'Vivid'
area.
This is a native plant.
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Many spikes of flowers in mid-summer to fall.
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Each spike holds its many flower buds in rows which open sequentially
from bottom to top.
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Drought resistant.
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Its common name arises from the ability of the individual flowers to
hold any position you fancy to give them. Good cut flower .
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Will take any space you give it, making a glorious show en masse.
Narrowleaf Mountain Mint
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
A native plant.
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A profusion of small white flowers bloom mid- to late summer.
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The flowers are an excellent source of nectar for butterflies.
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The narrow needlelike foliage is very aromatic and grows in a compact
clump.
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Like many members of the mint family, Mountain Mint may be used in
teas.
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Grow in full sun in dry to average soil.
Orange Coneflower
Rudbeckia fulgida
A native plant.
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Flowering - July thru October.
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Moist places, stream banks, gravel bars, wet ledges.
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Native to U.S.
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The plant is quite showy and the species epithet "fulgida" means
"gleaming".
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The flowers of this species look similar to many other plants in the genus but the leaves and habitat of the plant make it easy to ID in the
field.
Goldstrum Coneflower
Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm'
Commonly called
Black-eyed Susan
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Among the best border perennials available, this is a selection of one of
our native North American wildflowers.
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Plants make a bushy, upright clump with a profuse display of browneyed, golden-orange daisies from midsummer through the fall.
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Seed heads have good winter interest.
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Excellent for cutting.
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Attractive to butterflies.
Meadow Sage
Salvia nemorosa 'Caradonna'
area.
A cultivar of the
northern US native
‘Woodland Sage.’
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The beautiful perennial sage with its tall spikes of violet-blue has become
a staple in the perennial garden.
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It thrives in the heat of the summer and the long flowering time of May
through frost.
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This perennial is a magnet for attracting butterflies, hummingbirds, and
honey bees to the garden!
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It is a lovely clump-forming perennial with attractive gray-green to
green aromatic foliage that is deer resistant.
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Throughout the summer and into the fall, these salvias produce an abundance of beautiful flower spikes.
Meadow Sage
Salvia nemorosa 'East Friedland'
any butterflies in
this area.
A cultivar of the
northern US native
‘Woodland Sage.’
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Dark blue-purple flower spikes, many flower spikes per plant.
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Drought tolerant, is good in hot dry locations.
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Aromatic foliage, too.
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Flowers Spring thru Fall
Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks'
Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod.
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A bright, glorious late season bloomer.
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Not invasive, rambles a bit, but is easy to control.
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Unfairly blamed for hay fever which is caused by ragweed.
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Late butterflies are attracted to the blossoms, clinging to them like ornaments.
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The show lasts for several weeks
Goldenrod
Solidago sphacelata 'Golden Fleece'
A cultivar of the centraleastern US native called
Autumn Goldenrod.
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You would not recognize this as a Solidago until it flowers in late summer.
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Round textured green leaves support an almost shrub-like bush covered with
light yellow arching blossoms.
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Solidago has gotten a hayfever reputation because it blooms at the same time
as Ragweed - Goldenrod does not aggravate hayfever!
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These warm yellow blossoms provide fresh blooms in the difficult late summer/early fall time slot, and provide a great backdrop for mums and other late
bloomers.
Virginia Spiderwort
Tradescantia virginiana
A native plant.
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Each flower is about 1" across and has 3 rounded violet petals.
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Toward the center, there are 6 yellow stamens and spidery violet hairs.
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Each flower opens up during the morning and closes during the early afternoon
on sunny days, but may remain open longer on cloudy days or when it remains
in the shade.
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There is no floral scent.
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The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer, and lasts about
1½ months.
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During this time, the flowers bloom sporadically, rather than all at once .
New York Ironweed
Vernonia noveboracensis
A native plant.
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Intense purple blooms appear in late summer on 6-8' leafy stems.
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Ironweed likes full sun to light shade in both poorly drained or welldrained soils.
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Tolerates lean soil. Plant this strong, dependable, drought-tolerant native in the rear of the border .
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Ironweed tea was used by the Cherokee to help with menses and to relieve afterbirth pains.
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The common name comes from the rusty color of the seed heads, but it
could just as well refer to Ironweed's constitution.
Purpletop Vervain
Also called Brazilian Verbena, Upright Verbena
Verbena bonariensis
This is a native plant to
the north and south of us
but not in Maryland.
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This plant has stiff widely branched stems above a short mound of evergreen foliage. The flexible stems do not require staking in a windy
area.
It can reach 3-6 ft in height with an open spread of 1-3 ft.
Flowers beginning in spring, clusters of tiny lilac-purple flowers open
in sequence for many weeks. In ideal conditions, new stems will continuously produce new flower heads until first frost.
Most of the three to five inch leaves are located close to the ground at
the base of the plant. Relatively fewer upper leaves occur widely
spaced along the stems.
This annual self seeds and spreads throughout the garden.
A very attractive nectar plant for butterflies.
Alpine Violet
Viola labradorica
Also called Labrador Violet.
Violets are host plants
for fritillary butterflies.
A native plant.
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Plant in partial sun to full shade in moist compost rich, well drained
soil.
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Violas will adapt to most soil types.
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Space new container grown plants 8" - 10" apart.
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"Labrador Violets" dislike having wet feet while dormant. Mulch plants
for winter protection.
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A great choice for rock gardens and high altitude homes.
White Fringetree
Chionanthus virginicus
A native plant.
Fringe tree fruits are among the favorite
foods of wild turkeys, blue jays, cardinals
and mockingbirds. White-tailed deer and
other animals browse the foliage.
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One of the last trees to bear new leaves in spring, it appears dead until
the leaves and flowers appear.
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The genus name Chionanthus, meaning snow and flower, describes the
blossoms.
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Dark-blue, grape-like clusters of fruits are produced from female blossoms.
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Fall color is usually not significant.
Bird’s-Foot Violet
Viola pedata
Its native habitat is rocky,
open woods; sandy prairies &
pinelands
Violets are host plants
for fritillary butterflies.
A native plant.
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Distinctive birds-foot-shaped leaves make it easy to identify.
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It is pollinated by bees and butterflies.
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The bicolored form of this species, with its two upper petals a deep violet and the lower three a lilac shade.
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This violet does not reproduce vegetatively like most other violets. Reproduction is by seed only.
Indian Pink
Spigelia marilandica
Its native habitat is shaded woods,
open woodlands, and woodlands
edge.
A native plant.
Outstanding source of
nectar for hummingbirds.
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An uncommon native plant.
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Woodland pinkroot or Indian Pink is an erect, clump-forming perennial.
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This plant does very well in gardens.
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The flowering season can be prolonged by removing the flowers as
they wither.
Northern Bayberry
Morella pensylanica
Larval Host: Columbia silkmoth
Wildlife Use: Eaten by
many winter birds.
Attracts: Birds , Butterflies
A native plant.
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A spreading, much-branched shrub, 3-12 ft. tall.
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Glossy, fragrant gray-green, egg-shaped leaves remain on the plant in
the southern part of its range, or turn tan-colored and persist into winter farther north.
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Green catkins appear before leaves.
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Clusters of small, round, hard, white berries remain on the female plant
all winter
Southern Arrowwood
Viburnum dentatum
Berries eaten by many
winter birds.
Flowers attract butterflies
A native plant.
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An upright, rounded, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub which typically
matures to 6-10' tall with a similar spread.
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Non-fragrant white flowers in flat-topped corymbs (to 4" diameter) appear in late spring.
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Flowers give way to blue-black, berry-like drupes which are quite attractive to birds and wildlife.
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Native Americans reportedly used the straight stems of this shrub for
arrow shafts, hence the common name.
Black Elderberry
Sambucus nigra
Also called Common Elderberry,
European Elderberry
many winter birds.
A native plant.
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x
N
M
L
many winter birds.
A native plant.
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x
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many winter birds.
A native plant.
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N
M
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many winter birds.
A native plant.
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N
M
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many winter birds.
A native plant.
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Plants of the Butterfly Garden (part 1)

Transcription

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