Sustainable management of the World Heritage Site, Bryggen.

Sustainable management of the
World Heritage Site, Bryggen
Foto:
Elin Rotevatn
Riksantikvaren
Ann Christensson, Rory Dunlop, Hans de Beer, Henning Matthiesen
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Cultural heritage is a non-renewable resource
One of the two giant Buddhas of Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan.
The statues were carved into sandstone cliffs in the 6th Century
AD and blown up by the Taliban in 2001.
dF
Foto:
cosmosplasma.tumblr.com
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 2
The modern heroes of Abu Simbel are the UNESCO engineers who, in the
1960's, moved the entire temple to higher ground to avoid the rising waters of
Lake Nassar, created by the New Aswan Dam. So if you can’t get the
environment to fit the cultural heritage, you have to make the cultural heritage
suit the environment. However, even though the monuments themselves have
been saved, their original context has been lost.
Foto:
www.egyptartsite.com/dome.html
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 3
World Heritage City Venice Endangered because of rising sea-level
Foto: www.boston.com
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Side 4
Norway has ratified several international
charters concerning the protection of
cultural heritage
In the 1990’s and 2000’s, in-situ preservation was the key
concept. Today, authorities once again view archaeological
excavation and recording as an acceptable alternative
method of preservation – but all would agree on the need
to preserve the largest possible volume of the deposits. We
therefore need to be sure that they actually can be
preserved in situ, and we have learned that at sites like
Bryggen the most important factor in the preservation of
organic deposits is the presence of groundwater
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Side 5
The protection of the
archaeological heritage must
be based on effective
collaboration between
professionals from many
disciplines
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Side 6
Bryggen is a UNESCO world heritage site
• The entire site – both the standing buildings and
the underlying deposits – is protected under the
provisions of the Cultural Heritage Act
• The area is also covered by a special
preservation order, which is incorporated into
the municipal zoning plan
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Side 7
The problem at Bryggen is that when the watertable is lowered, the organic deposits decompose
and the historic buildings settle
Copyright Riksantikvaren
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 8
The groundwater project’s objectives:
• To re-establish the original balance (i.e., prior to
the construction of the hotel) as far as possible
• To implement sustainable surface-water systems
and management
• To keep physical intervention in the protected
deposits to a bare minimum
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Side 9
In the area between the old and the new buildings,
we find considerable on-going settling due to loss
of groundwater. The uppermost medieval layers
are at risk.
Tegning: Elin Jensen, copyright Riksantikvaren
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 10
Annual rate of settling of buildings and ground
surface, and lowering of water-table,
northern part of Bryggen
Tegninger: Multiconsult
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 11
Section through test-pit, Northern Bredsgården tenement.
Organic layers are still present in the unsaturated zone.
Copyright Riksantikvaren
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 12
Same section with sensors installed monitoring in the unsaturated zone
Foto: Ann Christensson © Riksantikvaren
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 13
Saving Venice from flooding will cost
€3.5 billion
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 14
Bryggen costs: a one-time investment of €6 million
for safeguarding the deposits, and €3-4 million
annually for building restoration
Foto:
Elin Rotevatn
© Riksantikvaren
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 15
Monitoring work at Bryggen produces
millions of bits of data, and these are of
course very important for showing us if we
are on the right or the wrong track. But the
real measure of our success at Bryggen will
be when we see that we have achieved a
settling rate of 1 millimeter or less per year.
Copyright: Riksantikvaren
Side 16