Security Best Practices

Security Best Practices
Debrief on Piracy, Secondary Sales, & Account Theft Solutions
Matt Ployhar
Senior Product Planner – Intel
President – PC Gaming Alliance
www.intel.com/software/gdc
Introduction - Security Best Practices
 Introduction & Welcome
– Brief Background
 What this discussion is about
– Overview of options that protect Content and Users
– What the Customer wants
– What the Industry wants
 What this is not about
– Super technical deep dive on Security
Security Best Practices – We have to move beyond over-simplifying this as just an Anti-Piracy Play
2
Trends, Evolutions, and Research
History of Piracy - Cause and Effect

Piracy
- Grows by Geo/Globalization expansion
- Reduces by shifts occurring in formats
 Format Shifts
- Media format: From Packaged to Digital
- Business format: From ‘Fire & Forget’ (F&F) to
‘Games as Services’ (GaS)
 Piracy impacts every platform
- PC’s have at least a 10x > Install Base
- Most Piracy occurs with ‘Fire & Forget’ format
 (PCGA Opinion) Cause and effect of GaS trend
- Seeing less Piracy as games shift to ‘GaS’; but
seeing an uptick in account/id theft/hacks
The Devil’s in the details… don’t read too much into sensationalized news stories without due diligence
3
Spectrum of Options for Protecting Content
Massive technology leaps in Software, Hardware, & Game Design!

Software
– Disc Based - DRM
– Code Protection & Tamper Resistance
– White box cryptography (Key Protection)
– Network & Client: Activation, Authentication, Verification, &
Integrity Checking
•
–
Activati
on &
Authenti
cation
Examples: Client Side Integrity Verification (Client to Server), Session
Based Network Authentication
Game Design Options
•

DRM &
Code
Protecti
on
Examples: MMO, Free to Play/Freemium, Log-out location tied to IP
address, Demo-Mode/Timed Game Degradation, Streaming
Game
Design
Hardware
– Platform Based
•
Examples: Unique Security Chips, & Hardware Keys, CPU Based,
Authenticators (Key Fobs to iPhones) <e.g. Digipass>,
Protected/Proprietary Optical Drives, Protected Hard Drives
Hardwar
e
Not necessarily a ‘one size fits all’ approach. Many Developers opt for multiple choice options
4
Software Based Solutions
Ranges from on-Disc, to Software, to actual Game Design choices
TYPE
EXAMPLES
Pros
Cons
Notes:
Disc Based (DRM)
•
•
•
•
•
•
SecuROM
TAGES
SafeDisc
SafeCast
StarForce
LaserLock
•
•
•
Unique, per disc, digital signatures
•
Historically easy to
crack
Requires a disc
Historical negative
public perception
Per Disc Cost
Code Protection
•
•
Arxan CodeIT, EnsureIT
MetaForic’s MetaFortress
•
Discourages casual
Crackers
•
Variable results
•
Code Obfuscation, and Code
Tamper Resistance
White box (Total Access) Cryptography
•
Irdeto Cloakware
•
Discourages casual
Crackers
•
Once compromised a
huge issue
•
Obfuscation of the Encryption
Key/Crypto Code. Protects Keys
Network & Client: Activation ,
Authentication, and Integrity
Verification
•
•
•
•
•
Arxan Transform IT
MetaForic’s MetaSure
Valve STEAM
Microsoft’s SSA
Oracle (JDBC)
•
Another order of
magnitude more
difficult to crack
•
Requires Network
connection.
Limited offline mode
functionality
•
Handshakes between Server &
Client
Game Design
•
•
Day 1 Localization all Geos
Free to Play
• DLC (Commerce – e.g.
Digital River)
• Advertising
MMO
Demo mode & Timed Degradation
Logout Loc tied to IP
•
Virtually eliminates or
reduces most forms of
Piracy
•
Shifts the issue from
Piracy to Account
hacking or Identity
Theft
Often Requires
additional work
•
These are fundamental shifts in
actual Game Design & or the
Business models. Proven to be VERY
effective in Geo’s with high
incidences of Piracy at Retail.
•
•
•
Discourages casual
Crackers
•
•
•
•
Discussion Point: Which of these have you tried & implemented? Other Pros & Cons?
5
Hardware Based Solutions
These solutions are more of ‘per device’ – ‘Platform’ choice
TYPE
EXAMPLES
Pros
Cons
Notes:
Unique Security Chips & TPM’s (Trusted
Platform Modules)
•
•
Consoles
PC Motherboards
•
Prevents Casual
Crackers
•
•
•
Can be modified
Adds cost to BOM
Illegal in some countries
like China & Russia
•
Some critics are citing privacy
concerns.
CPU Based
•
•
•
One Time Password (formerly (IPT™)
True Cove
PEAT (HW Accellerated Public Key)
•
Proven to be very
secure
Not IHV specific
•
‘Big Brother’ Fears
historically result in
‘Back-lash’ by Consumer
advocacy groups
•
•
•
•
Open – there’s an SDK for this.
WYSIWYS = True Cove
Hyperlink to Ned’s talk posted here.
PEAT – see notes
•
Key Generators (e.g. Digipass)
• Key-Chain Fobs
• iPhone/SmartPhone
•
Almost eliminates
Account take-overs
•
Adds another step to
launching and playing
Requires standalone
Key Generator device
Loss of Key Generator =
PSS Call
•
These generate SW Keys or Codes
•
DVD Firmware hacks
•
Adds cost to Console
BOM
Dependency on Optical
Media
•
Can be ‘jail-broken’
Authenticators
•
•
•
Protected / Proprietary Optical Drives
•
Consoles
•
Prevents Casual
Crackers
•
Protected Hard Disk Drives
•
Consoles
•
Prevents Casual
Crackers
•
Ditto on BOM cost
Streaming Server Services & Platforms
•
•
•
Gaikai
OnLIve
OTOY
•
Tough to Pirate
•
Can require a standalone box
Network bandwidth
•
Discussion Point: Which of these have you tried & implemented? Other Pros & Cons?
6
Discussion: Protecting Consumers & Software
What are the leaders saying and doing?
 Protecting Retail ‘Boxed’ Games
– Key Questions:
•
•
What is the future of Retail & channel Distribution?
What’s the future of Secondary (Pre-owned) Sales?
TechSpot (May 2011) EA CEO: we're
switching from discs to digital
 Protecting Digitally Distributed Games
– Key Questions:
•
•
•
Fire & Forget, or shift towards a services (GaS) model?
How many languages can you localize for? Go Global!
If all Games go ‘digital’ doesn’t this level the playing field
between platforms ? What platform has the advantage?
Gamasutra: Oct 2011 (Gabe Newell)
<paraphrased – on stopping piracy> “.by giving
those people a service that’s better than what
they’re receiving from the pirates.”
 Protecting User Accounts
– Key Questions:
•
•
What safeguards are in place to protect Users Accounts?
What safeguards are in place to protect Users Games?
Recommend: Taking a multi-pronged approach. Stakes are higher than ever
7
Other Factors For Consideration
Pending Legislation that could have an impact on your decisions







Disclaimer: Not taking a stance on these issues. FYI to raise awareness
NAIA (New America Invents Act) (Patents)
SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act)
OnLive CEO: New Patent Law
PIPA (Protect IP Act)
'Devastating To Ingenuity'
Others
Data Security & Breach Notification
– H.R. 1841 – Data Accountability and Trust Act of 2011 (Processes for assessing and responding to data security
vulnerabilities. Consumer data breach notification requirements within up to 60 days of a breach. See also H.R. 1707.
– S. 1151 – Personal Data Privacy and Security Act of 2011 (Provides for criminal penalties for anyone who would
intentionally and willfully conceal the fact that a data breach has occurred when the breach causes economic damage to
consumers)
– S. 1207 – Data Security and Breach Notification Act (Requires the FTC to promulgate regulations requiring each covered
entity engaged in interstate commerce owning or possessing data containing personal information to establish specified
security policies and procedures to treat and protect such information)
Privacy Legislation
– “Commercial Privacy Bill of Rights Act of 2011” (Timely notice on collection and use of data; opt-out consent; opt-in
consent for sensitive data; must ensure data accuracy and provide reasonable access to data; self-regulatory safe harbor
program)
– “Do Not Track” Act (Concept endorsed by the FTC to provide for one mechanism for consumers to opt-out of online
tracking of their movements and data)
– Child Privacy (Series of bills being introduced that would provide for a “Do Not Track” mechanism for kids, would raise the
COPPA age, or would extend COPPA beyond websites.)
Note: These are just the USA’s legislative Acts……
8
2011 Piracy according to TorrentFreak
(Bonus Slide)

Does anything stand out or look amiss to anyone on
the charts to the right? -
What’s wrong with this picture? Aside from the obvious Piracy is bad story…..
9
2011 Piracy according to TorrentFreak
(Bonus Slide – For Discussion & Context)

BitTorrent (Source: TorrentFreak)


EASY to misinterpret & sensationalize statistics – to be fair
How Many of these optimize/utilize
– Free to Play/Freemium?
– Subscriptions & or MMO’s?
– Streamed?
– Note: most are W. Hemisphere ‘Fire & Forget’ formats
Why is Piracy persistently high on PC?
– PC Install Base vastly larger
– Pirates have had more time to exploit
– Business/Academic/Monetization agendas
– Inability to enforce Piracy laws globally
How would story read if:
– Console install bases were on par with PC?
– Would the stats multiply by 5-6x?
– We add up PS3 + 360 + Wii Piracy?
– Throw in Secondary Sales & “Game loaning” losses
Argument of legitimate to pirated games’ ratio’s being
lower on Consoles losing validity w/Digital Disty, & all the
new format shifts occurring; but, you be the judge…



–
http://torrentfreak.com/top-10-most-pirated-games-of-2011-111230
Critical that Game Developers understand that Piracy is relative to the size of the TAM/IB
10
Summary and Calls to Action
 Summary Points
–
–
–
–
Robust choices to protect content
Protecting Physical Games currently a moving target
Protecting Digitally Distributed Games becoming standard
Increasing importance to secure Consumer’s Accounts & Information
 Calls to Action
– Educate yourself on the full range of options
– Consider a ‘hybrid’ approach
– Be cognizant of the laws and pending legislation – globally!
Security Best Practices are multi-dimensional and requires Developers to pay close attention!
11
Resources
 Matt Ployhar
– [email protected]
– http://software.intel.com/en-us/profile/408557/
 PC Gaming Alliance
– http://www.pcgamingalliance.org/
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Contributors, Inputs, Sources
Special Thanks





Intel
– Jennifer Gilburg
– OPT: Bob Chesebrough & Kathy Farrel
– SSG: Yoram Zahavi, Deepak Vembar, Brad Werth
Microsoft
– Games For Windows Live/Win 8 Build-Security: Avi Ben Menahem & Shai Hinitz
– http://www.buildwindows.com/
– http://channel9.msdn.com/search?term=Secure+Metro+Apps
Arxan
– Jodi Wadhwa
– http://www.arxan.com/
MetaForic
– Douglas Kinloch
– http://www.metaforic.com/
Links:
– http://www.tweakguides.com/Piracy_1.html
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Questions and Answers
 Some Previous Questions that I often hear are….
– How much $ is lost to Piracy?
– What would be the cost for me to protect the IP? Should I charge ~$10
more to recoup what I’m going to lose to Piracy?
– As a Game Dev, should I count on my Game Design abilities, or the digital
distributor?
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