Lecture 25 - Deep Sea Ecology handouts

Lecture 25 - Deep Sea Ecology handouts

Lecture'25
Deep'Sea'Ecology
1)'The'Deep'Sea'Environment
Abiotic'and'biotic'characteristics
2)'Food'sources'and'availability
Food'falls/marine'snow
3)'Characteristics'of'deep'water'organisms
Morphological'adaptations
4)'Hydrothermal'vent'ecosystems
Chemoautotrophic'bacteria
5)'Vent'ecology
Extinction'and'recolonization
Larval'ecology
Intertidal'and'Shallow'Subtidal'
Communities
• Rocky'intertidal,'sediment'shores,'coral'reefs,'
kelp'forests,'sea'grass'beds
• Mostly'productive'and'diverse'communities
Final'Exam
• Thursday'May'12,'9:45'– 11:45'AM,'here
• Length:'Quiz'(L22H26)'plus'3'written'
questions
• Written'questions'(1'page'each)
– 1'question'on'hypotheses'testing
– 2'questions'from'a'list'handed'out'in'advance'
(no'choices)
DS'Trench
Abyssal
Plain
MidMOcean
Ridge
Deep'Subtidal'Communities
180 MY
0 MY
Temperature
Oxygen'– usually'not'limiting
Oxygen
>4,000'm:'3M4' C'year'round
Biomass'(g'/'m2)
Density'(number/m2)
Ecological'Characteristics
SoftMBottom'Deep'Sea'Communities
Food'Falls
DeepHwater'animal'characteristics
Ogrefish
DeepHsea'anemone
DeepHsea'
Sea'cucumber
Hydrothermal'Vent'Communities
• Discovered'1977
• Very'diverse,'highHbiomass
• 4'new'families,'22'new'orders'of'inverts
Tripod'fish
Hydrothermal'Vents:'At'active'midHocean'ridges
Vent'Organisms
Hydrothermal'Vents:'At'active'midHocean'ridges
black'smoker
40H80
C
32
C
12
C
4
C
ambient
6H2O + 6CO2 + light <=> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
Carbon fixation
Respiration
Bacterial'mats
Riftia&pachyptila
plume
Vestimentiferan
Polychaeta
Siboglinidae
Vent'Ecology
Vent'Ecology
Vent'Ecology
Tube'worm'“barbecue”'site
Dying'vent'with'dead'tube'worms
1991'– inactive'site
<'2'years'later
Guaymas
East'Pacific'Rise
Galapagos
100s'to'2000'km
Allele'frequencies
FST ~'0.05
Nm'~'5
~120 C
~80 C
Alvinella&pompejana