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The Art and Science of Teaching
MARZANO Research Laboratory 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Welcome! The Art and Science of Teaching: Enacted-on-the-Spot Behaviors Dr. Tina H. Boogren Marzano Research Laboratory 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Please set your own goal(s): • Handout, page 3 – By the end of the day today, I will better understand... – By the end of the day today, I will be able to... 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Boosting Retention Average Retention Rate after 24 hours Lecture 5% 10% Reading Audio-visual 20% Demonstration 30% Discussion Groups 50% Practice by doing 75% 90% Teach others/immediate use of learning Adapted from David Sousa’s figure 3.8 in his text, How the Brain Learns 888.849.0851 Pg. 2 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Vote With Your Feet… Effective teachers are made, not born. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Student Achievement Teacher Pedagogical Skill 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory At the level of planning, The Art & Science of Teaching involves 10 “design questions” teachers ask of themselves as they plan a unit of instruction. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory The Art and Science of Teaching Page 4 • Learning goals and feedback 1. Interacting with new knowledge • Practicing and deepening • Generating and testing hypotheses • Engaging students • Establishing rules and procedures • Adhering to rules and procedures • Developing teacher–student relationships • Maintaining high expectations 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory The Art and Science of Teaching Page 3 SEGMENTS ENACTED ON THE SPOT 888.849.0851 ROUTINE SEGMENTS Learning Goals and Feedback Rules and Procedures CONTENT SPECIFIC SEGMENTS Interac5ng with New Knowledge marzanoresearch.com Prac5cing Genera5ng/ and Tes5ng Deepening Hypotheses High Expectations Adherence to Rules and Procedures Teacher/Student Relationships Student Engagement MARZANO Research Laboratory Behaviors Enacted-on-the-Spot • Elements that a teacher is prepared to use but has not necessarily planned for a specific day or lesson. • Involve classroom strategies and behaviors that might not be part of every lesson. • When they are called for, a teacher must attend to them immediately, or the learning environment will quickly erode. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 1 0 Design Question 5 Page 5 Student Engagement: What will I do to engage students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory An Old Proverb states: • You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. • We learned that maybe with “reward and punishment” the horse will do whatever we ask. • However, consider a different goal: “How can I make the horse thirsty?” 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Elbow Partner Reflection: • How do you KNOW when students are/are not engaged? • Who is responsible for student engagement? • What do YOU do to re-engage your students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 1 3 Preview the Action Steps: • Games/Inconsequential Competition • Questioning/Response Rates • Physical Movement ** • Pacing • Intensity/Enthusiasm • Friendly Controversy • Opportunities for students to talk about themselves • Unusual Information 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Physical Movement 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory “Amazingly, the part of the brain that processes movement is the same part of the brain that processes learning.” Eric Jensen, Teaching With the Brain in Mind, 2005 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory “The real reason we feel so good when we get our blood pumping is that it makes the brain function at its best…. This benefit of physical activity is far more important than what it does for the body.” —Ratey, Spark (2008) 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Brain Gym: Cross Crawl Coordinates the whole brain Stand up! Good for improving March in place, listening and memory alternately touching each hand to the opposite knee Continue for four to eight complete, relaxed breaths 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Brain Gym • Touch left hand to right ear and right hand to nose (at the same time). • Bring both hands back to your sides. • Now swap: touch right hand to left ear and left hand to nose (at the same time). • Bring both hands back to your sides… How fast can you go??? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Design Question 7 Page 6 Rules & Procedures: What will I do to recognize and acknowledge adherence or lack of adherence to rules and procedures? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Preview the Action Steps: • Use simple verbal and nonverbal acknowledgment. • Use tangible recognition when appropriate. • Involve the home in recognition of positive student behavior. • Be with-it. ** • Use direct-cost consequences. • Use group contingency. • Use home contingency. • Have a strategy for high-intensity situations. • Design an overall plan for disciplinary problems. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 2 1 Define ‘withitness’ • How would you describe withitness to a non-educator? • How does one become withit? • How would you rate your own withitness? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 2 2 Design Question 8 Page 7 Relationships: What will I do to establish and maintain effective relationships with students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Preview the Action Steps: • • • • • • • • Know something about each student. Engage in behaviors that indicate affection for each student. Bring students’ interests into the content and personalize learning activities. Engage in physical behaviors that communicate interest in students. Use humor when appropriate. Consistently enforce positive and negative consequences. Project a sense of emotional objectivity. Maintain a cool exterior. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 2 4 Mix-and-Mingle • When the music is playing, you’re moving. • When the music stops, pair up with one or two other people and discuss the question on the screen. • We will conduct three rounds. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Humor When teachers use humor, students feel better about the content, the teacher, and perhaps even themselves. • • • • • More oxygen Endorphin surge Posi5ve climate Gets aKen5on Increased reten5on 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Design Question 9 Page 8 High Expectations: What will I do to communicate high expectations for all students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Preview the Action Steps: • Identify your expectation levels for students. • Identify differential treatment of low-expectancy students. • Make sure low-expectancy students receive verbal and nonverbal indications that they are valued and respected. ** • Ask questions of low-expectancy students. • When low-expectancy students do not answer a question correctly, stay with them. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 2 8 THANK YOU! • BREAK-OUT SESSIONS: Applica5on/ further explora5on of strategies – AM #1: – AM #2: – PM #1: – PM #2: 888.849.0851 Student Engagement Relationships High Expectations Rules/Procedures marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 2 9 AM #1: Student Engagement What will I do to engage students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 3 0 Review the Action Steps: • • • • • • • • • Use games that focus on academic content ** Use inconsequential competition. Manage questions and response rates Use physical movement Use appropriate pacing. Demonstrate intensity and enthusiasm for content. ** Engage students in friendly controversy. Provide opportunities for students to talk about themselves. Provide unusual information. ** 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 3 1 Research on the Use of Games to Improve Student Learning Student growth in classrooms that used games ranged from a 13 percentile gain to an 18 percentile gain. This is significant. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Games and Inconsequential (Just for Fun) Competition • Games should always have an academic focus. • Regroup students so that all students experience winning and losing. • Points are tallied but not used to increase or decrease scores or grades. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Talk a Mile a Minute • Everyone sees the category • One person faces the screen, one turns away • Talker provides clues for each term/picture • Continue until partner guesses all • Stand up and declare, ‘We won!’ 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Positive Teacher Demeanor • Demonstrating enthusiasm (all the time) • Demonstrating intensity (some of the time) 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory “Modeling may not only be the best way to teach; it may be the only way to teach.” -‐-‐Albert Schweitzer 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Unusual Information 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Did You Know? • The question, ‘Do geese see God?’ is a palindrome. • Pick any number from 1 to 10 (including 1 or 10). Multiply it by 9. Now add the two digits of your answer together (using a 0 with 9). Did you get 9? • We blink roughly 4.2 million times each year. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 3 9 Did You Know? • Louis Braille invented Braille when he was just thirteen years old! He perfected the system by the time he was fifteen. • Parent robins feed their chicks about one hundred meals each day. • In antiquity, people in Asia and Europe threw old shoes at newly married couples instead of rice or confetti. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 0 AM #2: Relationships What will I do to establish and maintain effective relationships with students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 1 Preview the Action Steps: • • • • • • • • Know something about each student. ** Engage in behaviors that indicate affection for each student. Bring students’ interests into the content and personalize learning activities. Engage in physical behaviors that communicate interest in students. Use humor when appropriate. ** Consistently enforce positive and negative consequences. Project a sense of emotional objectivity. Maintain a cool exterior. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 2 Rita Pierson: TED Talk 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 3 Relationships • Three behaviors that forge positive relationships with students: 1. Identifying and using positive information about students 2. Showing interest in and positive attention for students 3. Ensuring fair and equitable treatment of all students 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Identifying and Using Positive Information About Students Five ways to acquire and use information: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 888.849.0851 Class inventory Class discussions Parents and guardians Fellow teachers Extinguishing negative conversations about students marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Student Background Surveys: • With Your Table Family: – Create 5 UNIQUE questions that could be included in a background survey to learn more about each student’s background, interests, and goals. • Example: What would you do if you knew you wouldn’t fail? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 6 Possible Questions: • Where were you born? • What are some things about your family that make you proud? • What would you do if you knew you wouldn’t fail? • If you had to describe yourself in a sentence or two, what might you say that would help a person learn something about your personal interests? • If I had a month of Saturdays, I’d spend most of my time ____. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 7 Background Surveys • Use surveys multiple times a year? • Include one survey question at the end of an assignment, assessment, or exit slip. • Tap into students’ interests/learning styles through writing, drawing, conversations... 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 8 Six-Word Autobiographies • Write an autobiography in exactly six words. – Be prepared to share. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 4 9 PM Session #1: High Expectations What will I do to communicate high expectations for all students? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 5 0 Review the Action Steps: • Identify your expectation levels for students. • Identify differential treatment of low-expectancy students. • Make sure low-expectancy students receive verbal and nonverbal indications that they are valued and respected. • Ask questions of low-expectancy students. • When low-expectancy students do not answer a question correctly, stay with them (demonstrate gratitude for students’ responses, do not allow negative comments from other students, point out what is correct and incorrect about students’ responses, restate the question, provide ways to temporarily let students off the hook). 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 5 1 Working with ALL students: • Identify expectation levels for all students • Identify differential treatment of LE students • Use verbal and nonverbal messages that indicate respect and value • Ask questions of low-expectancy students 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Changing expectations alone is not the ultimate outcome… Rather, we must work to change our behaviors… Thin slices of human behavior: Affective tone Quality of interactions 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Consciously and Systematically • Engage in the following behaviors: – Make eye contact frequently – Smile at appropriate times – Make appropriate contact (hand on shoulder) – Maintain proximity (interest) – Engage in playful dialogue 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Stay with them… • Demonstrate gratitude for response • Do not allow negative comments from other students • Point out what is correct/incorrect • Restate the question • Provide ways to temporarily let students off the hook 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory William Purkey’s work… Unintentionally Disinviting Intentionally Inviting Intentionally Disinviting Unintentionally Inviting 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory What will you do EVERY SINGLE DAY that is intentionally inviting? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Building Efficacy • Reward student effort along with quality of completed work. • Build in short-term rewards for student effort and work completion. • Give students frequent posi5ve aKen5on – at least 3 posi5ves for each nega5ve interac5on 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Quotes “The man on the top of the mountain did not fall there,” –Anonymous “It’s not whether you get knocked down; it’s whether you get up,” –Vince Lombardi “Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration,” --Thomas Edison 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory More Quotes… • “If you want to truly understand something, try to change it,” –Kurt Lewin • “If you done it, it ain’t bragging,” –Walt Whitman 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Personal Reflec5on: Think of a 5me when you exceeded expecta5ons because of the hard work you did. Be prepared to share. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Use stories to promote self efficacy….. – The Pursuit of Happyness – Mr. Holland’s Opus – Rudy – Philadelphia – A Beau5ful Mind Can you think of a movie clip you would use in your class? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory PM Session #2: Rules/Procedures What will I do to recognize and acknowledge adherence or lack of adherence to rules and procedures? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 6 3 Review the Action Steps: • Use simple verbal and nonverbal acknowledgment. • Use tangible recognition when appropriate. • Involve the home in recognition of positive student behavior. • Be with-it. • Use direct-cost consequences. • Use group contingency. • Use home contingency. • Have a strategy for high-intensity situations. • Design an overall plan for disciplinary problems. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 6 4 Give One, Get One What’s the best classroom management advice you’ve ever received or could give? 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 6 5 Effective Seatwork 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com cutting-edge research concrete strategies MARZANO Research Laboratory sustainable success Routines and Procedures…. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com cutting-edge research concrete strategies MARZANO Research Laboratory sustainable success 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com cutting-edge research concrete strategies MARZANO Research Laboratory sustainable success 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com cutting-edge research concrete strategies MARZANO Research Laboratory sustainable success 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com cutting-edge research concrete strategies MARZANO Research Laboratory sustainable success 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com cutting-edge research concrete strategies MARZANO Research Laboratory sustainable success Elbow Partner Brainstorm: • List all the ways you can ‘reward’ students that don’t cost money and take little time. 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory 7 2 Thank You! Evaluations Dr. Tina H. Boogren [email protected] THBoogren (Twitter) 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory Thank you! 888.849.0851 marzanoresearch.com MARZANO Research Laboratory
