Teknik Presentasi Hasil Penelitian Poster

Transcription

Prof Dr. Ir. Ahmad Sulaeman, MS
Guru Besar Bidang Keamanan Pangan dan Gizi
Fakultas Ekologi Manusia IPB
Pembinaan Penyusunan Laporan Ilmiah dan
Naskah Publikasi 2015 – RISBINKES, Hotel
Balairung, Jakarta 27-30 Oktober 2015
FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA | MEMBUMI DAN MENDUNIA
Outline
PENDAHULUAN
BENTUK PRESENTASI
MEMBUAT PRESENTASI POSTER
SUMMARY
PRESENTASI HASIL PENELITIAN
•
Peneliti wajib menyajikan atau mempublikasikan
hasil penelitiannya untuk berbagi dengan masyarakat
ilmiah terkait temuan yang bisa memajukan sains
ataupun pemahaman terhadap masalah tertentu
• Untuk mempresentasikan hasil atau metode yang
baru dan orisinal
• Memberikan rasionalisasi hasil hasil yang
dipublikasikan
• Menyampaikan review dari bidang yang
digelutinya atau menyarikan topik tertentu
Tahapan Proses Penelitian
SUMBER
DATA
RUMUSAN
MASALAH
TEORI (RAMBU
PEMECAHAN
MASALAH)
PERKIRAAN
JAWABAN
MASALAH
PENGUMPULAN
DATA EMPIRIS
OLAH DAN
ANALISIS
DATA
KESIMPULAN
JAWABAN
MASALAH
ALAT
PENGUMPULAN
DATA/INSTR
Laporan, Artikel
Ilmiah, Diseminasi
BENTUK PRESENTASI
• Presentasi poster
• Presentasi oral: audio-visual
• Publikasi dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah
Apa yang dimaksud poster
• Karya seni atau desain grafis yang
memuat komposisi gambar dan huruf di
atas kertas berukuran besar.
• Pengaplikasiannya dengan ditempel di
dinding atau permukaan datar lainnya
dengan sifat mencari perhatian mata
sekuat mungkin.
• Karena itu poster biasanya dibuat
sedemikian rupa sehingga “eye
catching”
Tujuan Poster
• Communicate research clearly
• Posters should be:
– ‘Stand-alone’
– Engaging
– Concise summary of your work
Quick Assessment of Basic Cognitive Function: A ‘Blood-Pressure Cuff’ for the Mind
Jennifer M. Shephard, Julia B. LeSage, Stephen M. Kosslyn
Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA
Research supported by NASA cooperative agreement NCC 9-58 with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute
What the user sees…
With the small number of participants included in these preliminary analyses, there were no
statistically significant results except for the difference between the groups in response time
performance on the Vigilance test; participants in the caffeine condition improved relative
to baseline, while those in the decaf condition performed more poorly.
Significance
1. Addresses Critical Path Risks 19, 20, and 21 (human failure due to sleep/circadian
rhythm disruption, interface/habitat/workload design problems, and neurobehavioral
dysfunction); can be used
• To assess effects of variables such as sleep loss on key cognitive and perceptual
processes (CQ 6.08);
• To assess effects of drugs, training, and other countermeasures on cognitive and
perceptual processes;
• For self-assessment by astronauts of their “current cognitive state” (CQ 6.11, 6.15,
6.20).
2. Earth applications include use by truck drivers, surgeons, business travelers, air traffic
controllers, mountain climbers, mission commanders, and others whose long hours,
unusual shifts, or stressful environments may affect performance.
Tests
Vigilance (Attention) - Users must respond with one key for
random and infrequent targets and another key for
distractors.
(incongruent)
55555
(congruent)
6 6 6 6
(incongruent)
Change from Baseline of RT on Vigilance Test During 5am Session
...
50
40
30
Question
Does fatigue cause poorer performance (slower response times and/or more errors)
selectively on the MRAB tests compared to baseline, and does caffeine ameliorate this
effect?
Participant characteristics
• Approximately 48 participants will be tested, equal numbers of males and females.
• Harvard students, between the ages of 18 and 30.
• Psychologically and physically healthy.
• Non-smokers.
• Regular consumers of caffeine who drink no more than 3 caffeinated beverages per day.
Perceptual Reaction Time - Users must push the key
corresponding to the location of a small oval on screen
(squares represent different Palm screens).
44444
Because participants reach baseline after about 7 practice runs, we compared their
performance during the early morning session with their average performance across the 3
practice runs prior to this session (corresponding to practice runs 8-10, 9-11, or 10-12,
depending on the number of runs participants were able to complete during the practice
sessions).
If login ID is in system already…
If login ID is new…
Filtering (Attention) - Users must indicate the number of
digits on the screen; sometimes the number of digits and their
meaning are congruent; on other trials they are not.
Divided Attention - Users must press one key for items of a
particular shape or shade, and another key for items of
another particular shape or shade.
Verbal Working Memory - Users must indicate which stimuli
(presented one at a time, not in a row) are the same as the
stimulus that appeared “two back.”
RT change (msecs)
Goals
1. To design a quick and easily self-administered cognitive test battery, the MiniCog Rapid
Assessment Battery (MRAB), for immediate assessment of current cognitive functioning.
2. To design software, MiniCog and MiniCogWriter, for scripting psychological tests and
experiments to run on the Palm OS® and provide instantaneous feedback to user.
Methods
• Participants practice MRAB tests a total of 10 to 12 times during four one-hour sessions
between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM, within a two-week period.
• At the end of the two weeks, participants are tested in a 5:00 AM session.
• All participants are given one cup of coffee (approx. 300 ml) prior to performing the
early-morning tests; half receive caffeinated (approx. 150mg caffeine) coffee and half
receive decaf (random and double-blind).
• Participants fill out questionnaires and other paperwork for 30 minutes after consuming
coffee and prior to beginning MRAB.
Results
Data collection is still underway (approximately 22 participants have been tested so far),
but data from a subset of the tested participants (16) is presented here.
Depending on the test, participants generally reach a baseline performance level after
approximately 7 practice runs; see example performance curve below.
Spatial Working Memory - Users must indicate which
stimuli are in the same location as the stimulus that appeared
“two back” (boxes indicate separate Palm screens).
-20
In addition, some trends were apparent; for instance, both groups appear to have slower
Mental Rotation RTs during the early morning session, and faster Cognitive Set Switching
and Perceptual Reaction Time RTs during this session -- but these results could be
confounded by speed-accuracy tradeoffs.
Final analyses will include “throughput” as a performance measure (to take speed-accuracy
tradeoffs into account) as well as response time variance. Participants’ subjective fatigue,
objective hours of sleep prior to 5am session, and reported stress levels during all sessions
will be included as covariates.
Projects planned for upcoming year
1. Continue validation of MRAB under stressful conditions
• Comparison with other test batteries (e.g., WinSCAT [Wyle Laboratories]);
• Use performance on MRAB to predict performance on an ecologically valid task
(flight simulator) under stress;
• Evaluate the effects of performance anxiety (e.g., public-speaking stress) on
MRAB;
• Continue collaborations with Dinges (sleep deprivation) and Lieberman (highaltitude and hockey-team head injury studies) laboratories.
2.
Extend MiniCog software to
• Allow users to predict their performance just before and after completing a test
(but prior to seeing their results);
• Allow users to add notes or comments at the end of a test;
• Include throughput as an automatically calculated performance measure;
• Require two key-presses to exit the program (because users sometimes pressed an
exit key by mistake);
• Automatically present the next test on the list, instead of requiring users to choose
(because they tend to forget which ones they’ve completed);
• Include better randomization features for stimulus presentation.
RT (10ths of a second) & ER (percent)
Mental Rotation (Problem-solving) - Users must decide whether two
objects are the same or are mirror images.
3.
Continue discussions with collaborators about how to improve MiniCog user
interface and possible additional tests to include.
Cognitive Set Test, Participant #14
Response Time
Run # 12 is the early
morning session. This
participant had
decaffeinated coffee.
8.00
6.00
Error Rate
4.00
2.00
Verbal Reasoning (Problem-solving) - Users must decide whether the third statement in
series is true or false given information in the first two (see example on Palm screens in the
center panel of this poster).
1
Decaf
Group
14.00
10.00
Caffeine
Group
-10
16.00
12.00
10
0
18.00
Cognitive Set Switching - Users must indicate which letter in
each series of four does not belong; criterion for categorizing
“odd man out” switches every 3 to 7 trials.
20
This difference is
based on 16
participants and is
statistically significant
(p = .02). There was
no significant
difference between the
groups in change in
error rate.
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Run Number
8
9
10
11
12
Morning session
Membuat presentasi poster yang
efektif
Diadopsi dari
Helene Hoffman PhD (2008) dan Kristin Lane (2007)
Tujuan Presentasi Poster yang Efektif
• Communicates visually
– Serves as an illustrated abstract
– Aesthetically pleasing
• Attracts & holds attention
– Makes it easy for readers
– Initiates discussion
• Is concise & organized
– Focuses on a single clear message
– Successfully presents scientific / technical information
– Is not a journal article
• Stands alone if /when you’re not there
Elements of a Poster
• Title
– Pithy summary of your project
• Introduction
– Overview of the research
– Clearly state objectives and hypotheses
• Method
– Describe procedure
– Not as detailed as manuscript
Significance
6.20).
Tests
distractors.
(incongruent)
55555
(congruent)
6 6 6 6
(incongruent)
...
50
40
30
Question
effect?
• Non-smokers.
44444
sessions).
RT change (msecs)
Goals
Methods
Results
-20
MRAB;
2.
3.
Response Time
participant had
8.00
6.00
Error Rate
4.00
2.00
1
Decaf
Group
14.00
10.00
Caffeine
Group
-10
16.00
12.00
10
0
18.00
20
This difference is
based on 16
participants and is
no significant
groups in change in
error rate.
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Run Number
8
9
10
11
12
Morning session
• Results
– Restate your hypothesis
– State whether it was confirmed
– Present results in tabular or graphical format (2-D
rather than 3-D)
– Include caption that describes findings
– Include only most important findings
Significance
6.20).
Tests
distractors.
(incongruent)
55555
(congruent)
6 6 6 6
(incongruent)
...
50
40
30
Question
effect?
• Non-smokers.
44444
sessions).
RT change (msecs)
Goals
Methods
Results
-20
MRAB;
2.
3.
Response Time
participant had
8.00
6.00
Error Rate
4.00
2.00
1
Decaf
Group
14.00
10.00
Caffeine
Group
-10
16.00
12.00
10
0
18.00
20
This difference is
based on 16
participants and is
no significant
groups in change in
error rate.
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Run Number
8
9
10
11
12
Morning session
• Conclusions
– Restate your main findings
– Clear statement of the ‘take-home’ message
– State:
• Important open questions
• Important implications
• Other
– References, Acknowledgments and Funding
Acknowledgements can be smaller
Elements of Style
Use bullet points where possible:
This research aims to examine whether a subtle
reminder of power increases the probability that a
person will use using racial stereotypes when making
criminal judgments (26 words)
Research Question: Do power primes lead to increased
stereotyping in criminal judgments? (13 words)
Elements of Style
• Don’t cram too much in
– Use large font (at least 18)
• Use smaller fonts for things like References
– Aim for ~1000 words
– Ensure that there’s white space
– Say it with pictures or tables
• Keep it simple
– Use color judiciously
– Use color or font to indicate sections
Concepts
–
–
–
–
–
Visual guidelines
White space & balance
Readability
Methods
Color guidelines
– Custom page set-up
Quality control
– Adding text & graphics
– Layouts - from rough to
refined
– Color schemes
– Printing
– Big Posters
– Self-assessment
Persiapan
Tujuan
Aturan
Pendekatan
Aturan Sesi Poster
• Size of poster
• Size of title or text
• Display environment
• Length of poster session
• Need for author to stay with poster
• Other AV materials or computer allowed
Develop a Plan
• Draft /edit text portions
– Use plain language
– Pare down blocks of text  10 sentences
• Create subheadings
• Use phrases & bulleted lists
– Save text ~ font for poster (e.g., Arial 24)
• Collect images, graphs, etc.
• Create a storyboard
– Sketch poster on sheet of paper
– Organize elements
• top  bottom
• left  right
3’ x 5’
Title
Intro
Conclusions
‘Old Fashioned’ Approach
Multiple Pages Mounted on Single Poster Board
Pages mounted
on poster board
Page matted with
contrasting color,
then mounted on
poster board
‘Modern’ Approach
Single Panel in PowerPoint
Construction
 Plan
 Page Set-Up
 Title, Author & Institutional Affiliation
 Body Text & Graphic Elements
 Rough Layout
 Refinement
 Color Scheme
Develop a Plan
• Draft /edit text portions
– Use plain language
– Pare down blocks of text  10 sentences
• Create subheadings
• Use phrases & bulleted lists
– Save text ~ font for poster (e.g., Arial 24)
• Collect images, graphs, etc.
• Create a storyboard
– Sketch poster on sheet of paper
– Organize elements
• top  bottom
• left  right
3’ x 5’
Title
Intro
Conclusions
You Try .....
Page Set-Up
• Open File > New Presentation
• Format > Slide Layout > Title only
• Open File > Page Set Up
–
–
–
–
Slide Sized for: Custom
Width 48 and Height 36
Orientation (Slide) Landscape
Click OK
Note: You may get message “current page exceeds printable area of paper in printer. Say OK & ignore warning.
You will not be printing full size on your desktop printer.
• Under Tools > Auto Correct Options
– Select the second Tab “AutoFormat As You Type”
– De-select everything under “Apply as you type” & “Apply as you work”
You Try .....
Title, Author & Affiliation
• Title
– Click in Title Placeholder & type (or cut / paste) Title
– Select title text & change font size to ~70-90 pts
• Practice Poster Title = Arial Black size 80
• Author / Affiliation
– Click in Title Placeholder
– Type (or cut & paste) authors / institutional affiliation
– Select text & change font smaller than Title
• Practice Poster Authors = Arial size 48
• Practice Poster Institution = Arial size 36
Note: You can usually expand the width of the Title text box if you are not going to add a logo.
You Try .....
Insert > Text Boxes
• Either cut/paste text from document
– Set magnification so as to view entire poster
• Use the “fit” option in the Zoom Tool
– If not already done, select text & change font
• Or type directly into Text Box
– Set magnification to view one text box only
• Use 100% or greater in the Zoom Tool
– Select text & change font
– View entire poster for perspective
• Use the “fit” option in the Zoom Tool
You Try .....
Insert > Images
• As needed use PowerPoint image manipulation
tools
– Reposition
– Resize
• Approximate
• Precise method
– Rotate
– Crop
• Use images  300 dpi
– Be careful with images from internet or captured from screen
• If needed, add a thin grey or black border
Note: also consider figures, tables, graphs and/or drawings
You Try .....
Establish Rough Layout
• Review placement of text & graphic elements
• Try to achieve balance of content & presentation
– ~ 40-50 % text
–  30-40 % graphics
–  20 % white space
• To move text objects: Click on Text Box or Image
– Cursor changes to hand
– Drag to new position
• Remember to Save your work.... frequently
You Try .....
Refine Text & Layout
• Edit text & pare down large text blocks
– To view one text box only use 100% in the Zoom Tool
– To view entire poster use the “fit” option in the Zoom Tool
• Justify text
• Standardize column width
• Create section headers (& subheaders)
• Align column borders
– Creating Groups out of column elements will help
• Distribute columns across page
• Add logo & footer (if necessary)
Hal yang Harus Dipertimbangkan
Be Visual
• Keep text presentation neat & uncluttered
–
–
–
–
–
Limit text to ~ 1000 words
Text boxes should be ~ 11 - 15 words wide
Indent to set text apart or to make short lists
Left justify to make it easier to read
Use line spacing & paragraph spacing to balance text
• Graphics communicate concepts quickly
• Graphs should be viewable from 4 - 6’
–
–
–
–
Label within graphs or charts (rather than keys)
Add titles
Y-axis labels aligned horizontally are easier to read
Avoid colored backgrounds, gridlines, etc.
Maintain Balance
• Review text & graphics placement
• Consider the proportion
– ~ 40-50 % text
–  30-40 % graphics
–  20 % white space
• Balance margins & white space
– Sides & top margins ~ 1.5- 2”
– Bottom margin slightly bigger > good visual base
– Avoid crowding content
• If it doesn’t help tell the story, don’t use it!
– “Less is more”
– “Keep it Simple”
– “A picture is worth 1000 words”
Ensure Text is Readable
• Try a typeface family
e.g., Arial Black, Arial, Arial Narrow
• Emphasis
– Use bold, italics, or color
– Take care with underline, it now denotes a link
– Avoid script fonts & ALL CAPS
Suggestions
Title
Authors
Institution
Text Body
Finished height
1.5 - 2”
1 - 1.5”
.5 - .75”
.2 -.3”
Readable from
25’
15’
10’
4 - 8’
Font size
(@100%)
60 - 90 pt.
70 - 84 pt.
36 - 48 pt.
20 - 30 pt.
Making the Poster
• Single-page poster
– Make poster as one big Powerpoint slide
– Get printed on department’s poster printer
• (or elsewhere … more later)
BYOT: Bring your own tacks!
Making the Poster
Click File  Page Setup
Making the Poster
Make the poster the right size … 56” x 36” should work
56” wide x 36” high
Making the Poster
• Sketch out your structure before starting
• Before starting, show grid and guidelines
(View -> Grid and Guides)
Making the Poster
• Insert elements where you’ll want them
•Increase poster size (to about 30%) to work on individual pieces
•Use grid to keep elements aligned
Making the Poster – Useful Powerpoint
Features
Features
This is the OK button
Features
Group objects together – Hold down CTRL Key While clicking each of them
Features
Group objects together – Hold down CTRL Key While clicking each of them.
Features
Click Draw -> Group, Makes the objects act as “one” so you can move together
Features
Make graphs or tables in Excel and Paste Into Powerpoint Using Edit-> Paste Special
Features
You can edit your graphs or tables in Powerpoint if needed
Time 1
120
Time 2
100
80
60
40
20
0
Control
Experimental
Add Color
Watch.....
You Try .....
Add Color
• Format > Slide Background
• Select color
– Keep contrast high between text & background
– Complement poster content & images
• Light backgrounds work well with dark photos & graphic
• Dark backgrounds for light photos & graphics
• Create section headers
– Insert > Text Box
– Format AutoShape > Colors & Lines
• Try a semi-transparent layer under text
– Add AutoShape & change color /transparency using Format
AutoShape
– Move shape behind Text using Draw > Order > Send to Back
Hal Yang Harus Dipertimbangkan:
Color Scheme
• Stick to a theme of 2-3 colors, no more
• Avoid stark white background
• Intense colors are only good as borders or emphasis
• Fluorescent lighting may intensify / alter bright colors
• If you select an image as background
– Use subtle image or text won’t be readable
– Add semi-transparent layer between image & text
• See method on previous slide
Wrap Up
 Quality control
 Printing
 60 second self-assessment
 Big Posters
Ensure Quality Control
• Print a small version for feedback
– Use the Scale to Fit option in your printing dialog box
– If you can’t read on 8.5 x 11 page, the text is probably
too small
• Have a colleague proof all aspects of poster
– Make corrections or additions
– Redo areas that are unclear
• Edit ruthlessly
– Typically too much text on posters
– Sentences > phrases or lists
– If it is not relevant to your message, remove it!
• Save & back-up your work
Printing
• Use professional large format printing service
– UCSD IMPRINTS (x 4-3020) or KINKOS (858-459- 3043)
– Expect ~ 48 hr turnaround
– Ask if print “proof” is possible
• Specify final dimensions of poster (e.g., 36” x 48”)
• Price depends on options
–
–
–
–
–
Color vs. b/w
Paper stock
Size
Lamination
Mounting
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Evaluate - Using 60 Sec Eval
Overall appearance
White space
Text / graphic balance
Text size
Organization & flow
Author identification
Research objective
Main points
Summary
* See last sheet of handout for the evaluation form.
Making Big Posters
• PowerPoint limitations
– Custom page sizes up to 56” x 56”
– Posters > 56” x 56” must be constructed at 50% of final size
• To create a poster 5’ x 3’ (60” x 36”)
– Make a Custom slide at 30” x 18”
– Font sizes : ~ 50% normal
• Fonts will be normal size when page printed at 2x
• PowerPoint scales text without loss of crispness
– Graphics: 300 dpi
• To print a poster 5’ x 3’ (60” x 36”)
– Specify print size = 60” x 36”
– Reiterate the poster to be printed at 2x the page size
Guidelines in Poster Presentation
Be Kind to Your Visitor
• Assume he or she:
– Is a psychologist
– Is under cognitive load
– Is busy (10 minutes or less)
– Is standing 5’ away
• Don’t make people walk
– Proceed in columns so the reader doesn’t need to
walk back and forth
Presentation
• Be prepared to describe your research
– Practice a 3-4 minute summary
– Anticipate questions (and think about how you’ll
answer them)
• Be professional
– Dress appropriately, act graciously
• Have 8.5” x 11” handouts for poster visitors
• Be proud!
perhatikan jarak pandang dan cara memandang
Summary
Kriteria Poster yang Baik
VISUALS :
- Visible
- Interesting
- Structured
- Useful
- Accurate
- Legitimate
- Simple
: mudah dilihat
: menarik
: terstruktur
: berguna, informatif
: teliti
: mengikuti persyaratan
: sederhana
Informasi lebih lanjut:
Prof . Ir. Ahmad Sulaeman, Ph.D.
Dept Gizi Masyarakat – Fakultas Ekologi Manusia,
Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Darmaga
Bogor, telp. 02518621258, Fax 0251-8622276, HP
087874444468 email: [email protected]

Teknik Presentasi Hasil Penelitian Poster

Transcription

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