Pollution Prevention,Issue 7, Volume 7

POLLUTION
PREVENTION
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Protecting people
Promoting jobs
Your OSH preferred partners
www.niosh.com.my
Continual development of production and use
of the chemicals in workplace represents a
real challenge for the society, as well as for
the world of work. Finding appropriate
balance between the benefits of chemical
use and the preventive and control measures
of potential adverse impact on workers,
workplaces, communities and environment
must represent a permanent concern and, in
the same time, preoccupation for
governments, employers and workers and
their organizations. In this regard, concerted
efforts must be orientated to offering a
coherent global response to the continuous
scientific and technological progress, global
growth in chemicals production and changes
in the organization of work in this field
2
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
2014 PUBLIC AWARENESS SEMINAR SERIES
source info:
Your OSH preferred partners
The ILO celebrates the World Day for Safety and Health at Work on the 28 April to promote the
prevention of occupational accidents and diseases globally. It is an awareness-raising campaign
intended to focus international attention on emerging trends in the field of occupational safety and
health and on the magnitude of work-related injuries, diseases and fatalities worldwide.
The 28th of April is also a day in which the world's trade union movement holds its international
Commemoration Day for Dead and injured Workers to honour the memory of victims of occupational
accidents and diseases and organize worldwide mobilizations and campaigns on this date..
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
The celebration of the World Day for Safety and Health at Work is an integral part of the Global
Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health of the ILO and promotes the creation of a global
preventative safety and health culture involving all stakeholders. In many parts of the world, national
authorities, trade unions, employers' organizations and safety and health practitioners organize
activities to celebrate this date. We invite you to join us in celebrating this significant day and share
with us the activities you organize.
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P r o j e c t M a n a g e r s , S a f e t y Tr a i n e r s ,
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& S u p e r v i s o r s , A c a d e m i c i a n , I n d u s tr i a l
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3
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Denggi membawa
J
umlah kes demam denggi dan kematian akibat jangkitan itu di seluruh negara yang
dilaporkan sejak 1 Januari hingga 23 Februari lalu mencatat peningkatan yang sangat
membimbangkan iaitu melebihi 400 peratus berbanding tempoh yang sama tahun lalu.
Ketua Penolong Pengarah Kanan (Vektor), Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan
Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya, Dr Zainal Abidin Abu Ba kar, berkata sejumlah 16 383 kes
dilaporkan, meningkat secara mendadak berbanding 3937 kes yang dilaporkan bagi
tempoh yang sama tahun lalu.
maut
Di dalam rumah pula, lokasi pilihan nyamuk aedes ialah tangki air, mangkuk tandas,
perangkap air peti sejuk, kolah mandi, baldi, laluan air yang bertakung atau tersumbat,
akuarium, tangki pam tandas, hablur jeli dalam pasu bunga (biasa digunakan untuk
menggantikan tanah) dan dulang bawah rak pengering pinggan.
Dr Zainal Abidin berkata, kanak-kanak boleh menjadi ejen terbaik untuk mengubah
sikap masyarakat yang tidak ambil peduli dengan peningkatan masalah demam denggi.
Kanak-kanak juga boleh mengajak ibu bapa untuk sama-sama meluangkan masa selama
10 minit pada setiap hujung minggu untuk mencari dan menghapuskan tempat
pembiakan nyamuk aedes di rumah.
Katanya, kematian akibat jangkitan itu juga meningkat kepada 29 kematian berbanding
lapan yang dicatatkan tahun lalu.
"Lima negeri yang mencatat kes tertinggi ialah Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Johor
dan Negeri Sembilan.
"Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur dianggap sebagai lokasi paling panas kerana menyumbang
kira-kira dua pertiga daripada jumlah kes yang dilaporkan," katanya.
Apakah peranan yang boleh dimainkan oleh kanak-kanak untuk sama-sama berganding
bahu mengekang penularan wabak demam denggi di negara ini? Menurut Dr Zainal
Abidin yang juga Pakar Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, perkara paling utama yang perlu
diberi perhatian ialah menghapuskan tempat berair yang boleh menjadi lokasi
pembiakan nyamuk aedes.
Hapuskan lokasi pembiakan
Katanya, kitaran hidup aedes daripada telur sampailah menjadi nyamuk dewasa
berlangsung dalam masa 10 hari dan sebahagian besar hayatnya ialah di dalam air iaitu
antara lima hingga tujuh hari.
INFO
Langkah-Langkah Pencegahan Wabak Denggi
 Hapuskan semua bekas terbuang yang boleh menjadi tempat
pembiakan nyamuk aedes.
 Tukar air dan basuh dengan bersih bekas yang boleh menakung air
sekurang-kurangnya seminggu sekali.
 Masukkan ubat pembunuh jentik-jentik di dalam bekas air seperti
kolah mandi, mangkuk dan tangki pam tandas serta laluan air yang
bertakung atau tersumbat setiap tiga bulan.
 Sembur racun serangga terutama pada waktu awal pagi dan senja.
 Pasang penghalau nyamuk sama ada jenis lingkaran atau elektrik
atau tidur dalam kelambu.
"Nyamuk aedes yang berbadan kecil berwarna hitam dan kaki berbelang hitam putih
akan bertelur di dalam air. Telur itu kemudiannya akan menjadi jentik-jentik dan
kepompong.
 Pakai seluar panjang dan baju berlengan panjang berwarna cerah
semasa keluar dari rumah. Elakkan pakaian berwarna gelap.
"Kesemua proses ini berlaku di dalam air. Oleh sebab itulah sangat penting untuk kita
mengenal pasti dan menghapuskan lokasi pembiakan ini," katanya.
 Sapu atau sembur bahan penghalau nyamuk pada bahagian badan
yang terdedah.
Jika di luar rumah, nyamuk aedes biasanya membiak dalam tempat yang boleh
menakung air seperti tayar, tempurung kelapa, botol, gelas, tin, tempayan, kolah mandi,
alas pasu bunga, tangki air, tunggul atau lubang pokok dan daun.
 Elakkan berada di luar rumah pada waktu nyamuk aedes paling aktif
menggigit iaitu pada awal pagi (6 hingga 8 pagi) dan senja (6 hingga
8 malam).
Source info: Publication: Berita Harian, Mar 10, 2014, pg no. 001
Byline / Author: Oleh Noor Azlina Zainudin
4
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Material Handling
Introduction
Preventing pollution is one of your company’s most critical responsibilities.
It can generate positive public relations. It can result in savings. And it will
help protect your community’s health and environment.
But that doesn’t mean your company has to invest heavily in
sophisticated waste reduction technology. Many effective pollutionprevention measures require only simple changes in company policy and
the use of good operating practices.
Material Loss:
An Ounce of
Prevention
No spill of a hazardous substance is simple:
 Under the Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA), any spill of a
hazardous substance automatically becomes hazardous waste.
 Washing down spilled toxic chemicals with water or solvent just creates
more hazardous waste.
 Using dry, absorbent materials for cleanup creates solid hazardous
waste.
 Any additional hazardous waste created must be treated or
transferred off-site for disposal.
As you can see, it’s better to prevent spills and other hazardous material
loss in the first place. A pollution-prevention program can help your
company reduce waste effectively and save money, with only a small
investment.
Examples:
 After transferring bulk chemicals with a hose from delivery truck to
storage tank, plant workers formerly drained any residue in the hose
into a hazardous waste treatment system. Now they flush the hose with
water into a different storage tank. The diluted mixture is used in the
production process.
 Inspecting parts before—instead of after—electroplating means plating
isn’t wasted on defective parts that would be scrapped. Plating fewer
parts also reduces the amount of hazardous waste generated.
 Filtering aluminum particles from soluble oils means machinists can
reclaim the aluminum and reuse the oil instead of disposing of
hazardous waste mixture.
 Let’s look at operating practices that can help your company reduce
the generation of waste and save money too.
GOAL: To get raw materials to the production process without spills,
leaks or other contamination.
When receiving material:
 Inspect for open, damaged or leaking containers and proper
labels before accepting shipments. Check expiration dates.
 Test contents to insure specifications are met.
When transferring material:
 Remember that pumps and lines used to transfer bulk liquids may
leak or break due to age, misuse or improper maintenance.
 Try to prevent forklifts and other transport devices from damaging
containers and causing spills or leaks.
 Check for drainage from transfer hoses.
 Make sure runoff from outdoor storage areas can’t enter storm
drains or sewers.
When storing material:
 Federal regulations require secondary containment to keep
hazardous substances from escaping.
 Store small containers in an approved cabinet with a raised lip at
the bottom.
 Make sure there are no breaks or gaps in secondary containment
structures such as curbing or diking around bulk- liquid storage
areas.
 Keep storage areas clean and well-lit.
 Level floors and unobstructed, well-spaced rows of containers
allow easy inspection and early detection of leaks or corrosion.
 Separate materials that might interact chemically by storing
neutral material between them.
 Don’t tip, tear, puncture or break containers while stacking. Stack
no higher than the container manufacturer recommends.
 Never lean equipment against containers.
 Raise metal drums off sweating concrete floors or outdoor pads to
prevent rust.
 Check wire insulation near storage tanks frequently. Chemical
corrosion can cause deadly sparking of electrical circuitry.
5
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Inventory Control
GOAL: To track a material’s location, quality, age or use. This can
prevent displacing or over- buying materials.
Make sure all containers and vehicles are clearly marked with
product name, weight, lot number and any hazard symbols
required by the U.S. Department of Transportation(DOT).
Keep empty or unlabeled containers out of material storage
areas.


Container
Management
After contacting a hazardous substance, used drum liners and
packaging materials become hazardous waste that must be
cleaned or disposed of properly.
Unlined drums create waste when rinsed for disposal or reuse.
Ask your supplier about ways to reduce empty container disposal
such as using drum liners and bulk and semi-bulk containers,
extending expiration dates on products that still meet
specifications and returning unopened or unexpired materials.
Empty containers as much as possible by pumping or other
methods, then turn upside down
Drums that contained thick or viscous liquids may appear
empty—yet hazardous residue may cling to sides and bottoms.
Under federal regulations, more than three percent of a viscous
hazardous material remaining in a non-bulk container (one inch
of residue in a 55-gallon drum) makes the whole drum hazardous
waste.
Replace lids and bungs. Store drums on their sides to keep rain
from turning your drum yard into a hazardous waste dump.







Equipment
Operation and
Production
Scheduling




To prevent process tank and pipe leaks, trained, alert operators
are more important than mechanical warning devices.
Operators should keep all tanks and piping in good physical
condition.
Install line blinds or blanks to isolate unused or leaking
equipment lines.
Never remove blinds or bypass mechanical interlocks unless
instructed to do so by your supervisor.
Waste-Generating
Production
Processes
CHEMICAL REACTION
Chemical reactions generate waste due to incomplete raw material
conversion, formation of undesirable by-products and catalyst deactivation.
To reduce waste:
 Consider using an alternate process to produce the same product.
 Make sure the process takes place under correct conditions.
 Check temperature control devices to keep the product at the best
temperature for most efficient chemical reaction.
 Be sure mechanical agitators mix raw materials and catalysts.
 Adjust feed flow and purity controls to ensure complete reaction and to
avoid wasting raw materials and product.
STRIPPING AND PAINTING
Waste is generated by paint- stripping, spills, excessive paint use and
evaporation.
To reduce waste:
 Reduce evaporation by locating storage tanks away from heat sources and
adding lids or chillers.
 Better yet, use abrasive stripping instead of solvent.
 Quality-control programs and skilled operators can reduce the need for
stripping and repainting rejected products.
 Minimize overspray by keeping the paint gun straight. Tilting the paint gun at
a 45-degree angle will cause 65 percent overspray, and high air pressure
can boost this another 40 percent.
PRODUCTION SCHEDULING
Poor production scheduling can generate waste through product
contamination by allowing products to become contaminated with
deposits and chemical reactions.
To reduce waste:
 Consider whether changing your production schedule would eliminate
deposit formation.
 Separate batches of products that tend to interact chemically.
 Run large batches of the same product to reduce frequency of cleanup.
6
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
CLEANING
To reduce waste:
 Reduce cleanup frequency.
 Reduce quantity and toxicity of cleanup waste.
 Use less cleaning solvent by installing closed-system spray nozzles for
rinsing parts and reclaiming waste.
 Reduce toxicity by switching from solvent-based cleaners to waterbased.
Maintenance
GOAL: Preventing hazardous releases caused by corrosion or equipment
failure.
Preventive maintenance:
 Implement procedures that keep equipment operating efficiently,
reduce breakdowns and prevent leakage.
 Be sure to conduct frequent visual inspections of all process and storage
tanks, any connected equipment, supporting structures and welds or
seams.
Corrective maintenance:
 Calibrate process-control
 devices to increase productivity and prevent loss.
 Reduce waste batches of off- spec product by adjusting sensor settings,
automatic valves and other control devices to insure correct
temperature, pressure and material flow.
 Know how to recognize problem equipment and report it to your
supervisor.
Support
Operations
 Includes often overlooked sources of waste such as product-research
labs, equipment-repair and vehicle- service areas. Normal cleanup and
servicing may create hazardous by-products such as used solvents, oils
and filters, duct-work clean-out residue or contaminated floor
sweepings.
 Use proper in-plant waste collection and management to reduce these
wastes.
Source info: Coastal Video Communication corp. handbook
Waste Collection and
Management
Waste is your personal responsibility. You
must:
 Recognize the waste streams generated in
your workplace.
 Know the location of all waste- collection
points.
 Always label hazardous waste at its source.
Hazardous waste contaminates whatever
waste it is mixed with, making all the waste
hazardous. For this reason:
 Avoid “witch’s brew”— mysterious waste
mixtures in the workplace that could be
anything.
 Never mix process waste with office trash.
 Carefully identify and record the content of
all waste mixtures.
 Do not allow unused corners of your
workplace to become uncontrolled dump
sites.
Labeling
Label waste containers to prevent crosscontamination and reduce analysis and
treatment of hazardous-waste mixtures.
Manned collection stations to check labels
and prevent unauthorized use of waste
containers also help.
Waste Segregation
The easiest and cheapest way to keep
hazardous waste from contaminating nonhazardous materials is to segregate waste
streams at their sources by separating:
 Liquids from solids
 Highly toxic from less toxic wastes
 Hazardous from non-hazardous materials
and from each other.
Workers:
The Best
Pollution-Busters
Pollution prevention may not require a
huge investment, but it does take worker
involvement. To reduce waste at its source,
workers—the people who are most familiar
with an operation— must be aware of how
their experience and suggestions can stop
needless waste.
To be truly effective, reducing waste must
be an everyday part of company
operations. The bottom line: pollution
prevention pays!
7
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Handbook of Safety and Health for the
Services Industry- 4 Volume Set:
Industrial Safety and Health for
Infrastructure Services
By Charles D. Reese
Book Description
Publication Date: October 24, 2008 | ISBN-10:
1420053809 | ISBN-13: 978-1420053807 0
Industrial Safety and Health for Infrastructure
Services provides an in-depth look into the
areas of transportation, utilities, administrative,
waste management, and remediation. It
covers OSHA regulations in reference to the
major safety and health hazards associated
within these five fields. This user-friendly text:
o Provides guidance on removal, delimiting,
and mitigation of safety and health hazards
o Includes a checklist and other tools to assist
in assuring the achievement of a safer
workplace, reasonably free from safety and
health hazards
o Uses real-world examples and relevant
illustrations as integral parts of each chapter
The content describes the safety hazards
applied to chemical waste, confined spaces,
electrical hazards, excavations/trenches, falls,
flammable gases, and machine safety (motor
vehicle and power tools). It also discusses the
occupational illnesses that transpire in the
service industry, while placing emphasis on the
prevention of these exposures to help ensure a
safer workplace.
Editorial Reviews
About the Author
University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA (retired)
Product Details
•Series: Handbook of Safety and Health for
the Service Industry
•Hardcover: 560 pages
•Publisher: CRC Press (October 24, 2008)
•Language: English
•ISBN-10: 1420053809
•ISBN-13: 978-1420053807
•Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.1 x 1.2 inches
•Shipping Weight: 1.8 pounds (View shipping
rates and policies)
•Average Customer Review: Be the first to
review this item
•Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #9,148,705 in
Books (See Top 100 in Books)
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**Book for reference only : More details of this book, please refer NIOSH Library and to
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8
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Headline
: Rindu hingga mati
Publication
: Harian Metro
Date of publication: 12 April 2014
Page number
: 57
Headline
Publication
Date
Page
:
:
:
:
10-year-old boy dies after being hit by concrete cylinder
The Star
20/04/2014
08
9
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Headline
: Boy drowns as van rolls into pond
Publication
: The Star
Date of publication: 15 April 2014
Page number
: 03
Byline / Author
: Desiree Tresa Gasper and Mohd Farhaan Shah
10
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Headline
: Sakit terbeliak
Publication
: Harian Metro
Date of publication: 12 April 2014
Page number
: 56
Headline
: Pemindahan minyak perlu ikut SOP
Publication
: Berita Harian
Date of publication: 06 April 2014
Page number
: 21
11
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Headline
: Mesin padi ‘baham’ kaki
Publication
: Harian Metro
Date of publication: 12 April 2014
Page number
: 16
12
Everyone must be committed to safety
New Straits Times
13 April 2014
20
Headline
:
Publication
:
Date of publication:
Page number
:
Headline
:
Publication
:
Date of publication:
Page number
:
Kes kemalangan ke tempat kerja meningkat
Mingguan Malaysia
13 April 2014
19
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
13
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Headline
: Nahas van sekolah terjunam
Publication
: Kosmo
Date of publication: 15 April 2014
Page number
: 06
14
Issue 7, Volume 7, 2014
Headline
: Kanak-kanak maut dihempap konkrit
Publication
: Berita Harian
Date of publication: 15 April 2014
Page number
: 15
15