Globalization - Muzeum Archeologiczno

Transcription

Viking
Globalization
TRUSO FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BALTIC COMMERCIAL CENTRES
THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRUSO
E L B L Ą G M A Y 1 8 T H CONFERENCE
- 19TH 2015
PROGRAM
C
TABLE OF CONTENT
Timetable ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Session Topics
First session ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Second session .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Third session .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Poster session .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Guest list.............................................................................................................................................. 13
Abstracts
Felix Biermann, The Contacts between Viking Sea Traders and Slavic tribal Rulers south-west of the
Baltic Sea ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Marie Brinch, A new Viking age trading place at Gl. Holeby, Lolland – a preliminary view ...........................16
Leszek Gardeła, Scandinavian Amulets from Truso ........................................................................................17
Christoph Jahn, Next stop Linkuhnen? The site of Linkuhnen at the Memel region and its role for the Viking
age transit from the Baltic to East Europe ......................................................................................................18
Jakub Jagodziński, Early medieval ports of tradeglobalization accomplished by the Vikings? ....................19
Dr Marek F. Jagodziński, Janów Pomorski/Truso - 34 years of research and study on the early medieval
settlement ......................................................................................................................................................20
Charlotta Lindblom, The Kings palisade in Viking-Age Jelling ........................................................................21
Marika Mägi, Viking Age trade routes through the Eastern Baltic and their change in time ........................22
Daniel Makowiecki, Martyna Wiejacka, Jan Wiejacki, What is known, what is still to do?
The archaeozoology of Truso .........................................................................................................................23
Anne Pedersen, Power and Politics at the time of King Harald Bluetooth, Denmark.....................................24
Fred Ruchhöft, Arkona - the holy place in the centre of the western Baltic Sea. New excavations an new
results ..............................................................................................................................................................25
Roman Shiroukhov, Western Balts in the 10/11th-first half of the 13th centuries: after the Vikings and just
before the Crusades. Results of the 2013-2015 post-doctoral project in Vilnius University. ..........................26
Heiko Steuer, Truso in the geographic middle between England and the River Volga – the globalisation
of the weight-based silver economy................................................................................................................27
Wojciech Wróblewski, Salt was in the beginning…? The role of Truso in the formation of early Polish
statehood ........................................................................................................................................................28
Viking Globalization.
Truso from the perspective of Baltic Commercial Centres
2
Taś
TIMETABLE
May 17th
Arrival and accommodation - the reception “Under Lion” Hotel in the Old Town Elbląg
May 18th
9.00 - 9.45 - Registration - Museum of Archaeology and History
10.00 - 12.00 - Museum of Archaeology and History . The opening of the exhibition “Truso - legend of the
Baltic Sea”, visiting other exhibition, projection of holographic film
12.00 - 13.30 - free time – lunch | optional walk through the Old Town
14.00 - 18.00 – THE FIRST SESSION - the Old Town Hall
18.30 - 22.30 - integration meeting - courtyard and dining rooms next to the Museum and the reconstructed
building from Truso at the courtyard of the Museum.
May 19th
9.00 - 13.00 - THE SECOND SESSION - the Old Town Hall
13.00 - 14.30 - free time - lunch
14.30 - 16.30 - excursion to Truso
17.00 - 20.00 - THE THIRD SESSION - the Old Town Hall
20.15 - 21.30 - summary discussion session - the Old Town Hall
May 18 th- 19th
POSTER SESSION - the Old Town Hall
3
1
3
2
1 Hotel Pod Lwem | “Under the Lion” Hotel
2 Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historyczne | Museum of Archaeology and History
3 Ratusz Staromiejski | Old Town Hall
4
THE FIRST SESSION
1. Dr Marek F. Jagodziński
Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg
[email protected]
„Janów Pomorski/Truso - 34 years of research and study on the early medieval
settlement”
2. Prof. Dr Heiko Steuer
Institute of Prehistory, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
[email protected]
„Truso in the geographic middle between England and the River Wolga globalization of weight based silver economy”
3. Prof. Dr Sebastian Brather
Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
[email protected]
„Janów and early medieval urbanization around the Baltic Sea”
4. Dr Mateusz Bogucki
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
[email protected]
“Prussian, Scandinavian or Slavic? Comments on the Ethnicity of Truso inhabitants”
5. Dr Leszek Gardeła
University of Rzeszów, Institute of Archaeology
[email protected]
„Scandinavian amulets from Truso”
5
6. Dr Hab. Waldemar Ossowski
National Maritime Museum
[email protected]
„Boats and ships in the region of the Vistula River Mount in the early Middle Ages.”
7 Dr hab. inż. Daniel Makowiecki, mgr Martyna Wiejacka, mgr Jan Wiejacki
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
„Zooarchaeology of Truso. - What is known what is still to do?”
8 Doc. Dr Wojciech Wróblewski
Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw
[email protected]
„Salt was in the beginning. The role of Truso in the formation of early Polish
statehood”
9 Jakub Jagodziński
Student of archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
[email protected]
„Early medieval port of trade - globalization accomplished by the Vikings?”
6
THE SECOND SESSION
1. Prof. Gunnar Heinson
University of Bremen
[email protected]
„How did so many Roman artifacts make it into the Viking Early Middle Ages?”
2. Dr hab. Prof. AH Władysław Duczko
Academy of Humanities Aleksander Gieysztor name in Pułtusk
[email protected]
„Eastern Beginnings of the Viking Age seen through the early Swedish expansion
on the Balt and Finn territories”
3. Dr Morten Søvsø
Museum of South West Jutland
[email protected]
„Ribe in the Viking Period“
4. Prof. Dr Hauke Jöns
Heinrich-Schliemann Institute of the University of Rostock
[email protected]
„Recent Research on early medieval trading centres in the western Baltic Region.
The case studies of Groß Strömkendorf, Rostock-Dierkow, Ralswiek and Usedom”
5. Dr Fred Ruchhöft
Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald
[email protected]
„Arkona - the holy place in the centre of the western Baltic Sea. New excavations
an new results”
7
6. Charlotta Lindblom
Vejle Museum
„The Kings palisade in Viking-Age Jelling”
7. Dr Anne Pedersen
National Museum Copenhagen
[email protected]
„Power and Politics at the time of King Harald Bluetooth, Denmark”
8
THE THIRD SESSION
1. PD Dr Felix Biermann
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
[email protected]
„The Contacts between Viking Sea Traders and Slavic tribal Rulers south-west of
the Baltic Sea”
2. Dr Christoph Jahn , Norbert Großler
Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
[email protected]
„Next stop Linkuhnen? The site of Linkuhnen at the Memel region and its role for
the Viking age transit from the Baltic to East Europe”
3. Dr Konstantin Skvortsov
Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Science
[email protected]
„Contacts between Scandinavian and the Sambian and Natangian inhabitants
during Vendel and Viking period (according to archaeological sources)”
4. Dr Marika Mägi
Tallin University Institute of History
[email protected]
„Viking Age communication over the Baltic Sea. Trade routes through the Eastern
Baltic and their change in time”
5. Dr Vladimir Kulakov
Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences
[email protected]
„West Baltic phenomenon in an era of Vikings”
9
6. Anna-Elisabeth Jensen & Marie Brinch
Museum Lolland-Falster
[email protected]
[email protected]
„Viking artefacts found on Lolland-Falster with connection across the Baltic sea”
7. Dr Roman Shiroukhov
Vilnius University
[email protected]
„Western Balts in the 10/11th-first half of the 13th centuries: after the Vikings and
just before the Crusades. Results of the 2013-2015 post-doctoral project in Vilnius
University.”
8. Charlotta Lindblom & Dr Mads Ravn
Vejle Museum
[email protected]
„A presentation of a proposed Baltic travel exhibition project “Vikings in the Baltic”
10
POSTER SESSION
1. Dr Anna B. Kowalska & Dr Sebastian Messal
National Museum in Szczecin
[email protected]
Arbeitsbereich Kulturgüterschutz und Site Management Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Berlin
„The latest, non-invasive research above the Parsęta river in the area of
stronghold Bardy / Świelubie”
2. Rafał Panfil
Provincial Office of Monument Preservation, Regional Office in Elbląg
[email protected]
„<<Þæt is mid Estum þeaw þæt þær sceal ælces geðeodes man beon
forbærned>> – what exactly Wulfstan said about the custom of cremation of the
dead by Old Prussians in his report on his journey to Truso?”
3. Jarosław Strobin
Museum of Archaeology in Gdańsk
[email protected]
„Metalwork and jewelery in Truso“
4. Eryk Popkiewicz & Joanna Jarzęcka-Stąporek
Archaeologist, amber craftsman
[email protected]
Archaeologist, Badania Naukowe M. Stąporek
[email protected]
„Amber craft in Truso“
11
5. Kacper Martyka
Warmia and Mazury Museum in Olsztyn
[email protected]
„Third force on Pomesania’s border? Unknown sites in Jerzwałd and Bronowo in
north - eastern Poland”
6. Ewelina Miśtal, Krystian Trela
“Air prospection of Baltic Sea islands”
7. Bartosz Świątkowski, Karolina Czosnke
The island at the crossroads of two worlds -Bornholm in the Early Middle Ages.
12
Participants / Guests
Dr Heino Neumayer
Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte - Redaktion Archäologisches Zentrum Geschwister
[email protected]
Lars Krants
Moesgaatd Museum
[email protected]
Prof. Dr Franz Schopper
Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum
[email protected]
Dr Błażej Stanisławski
Centre for research on Late Antiquity Culture and Early Medieval IAE PAN in Wroclaw
[email protected]
Mathias Bäck
[email protected]
Doc. Dr Jonas Genys
History Museum of Lithuania
[email protected]
Anders Söderberg
Sigtuna Museum
[email protected]
Prof. dr hab. Leszek Paweł Słupecki
University of Rzeszów, Institute of Archaeology
[email protected]
13
ABSTRACTS
14
Felix Biermann
The Contacts between Viking Sea Traders and Slavic
tribal Rulers south -west of the Baltic Sea
In the 8th Century arose several Slavic-Scandinavian Trading Places (Emporia) at the Southern
Coast of the Baltic, between Reric (Groß Strömkendorf near Wismar) in the West and Truso
(Janów Pomorski) in the East. The Trade and the Cultural Contacts led to an Economic Upswing
of the Slavic Settlement Territories in the Coastal Hinterland which caused also an Increase
of Social and Political Conditions: Large Tribal Organizations under the Rule of powerful
Chieftains emerged; we hear about these Rulers in Written Sources since the late 8th Century.
Archaeological Witnesses of these Rules are the large strongholds of so-called Feldberg type,
built probably since the Middle of the 8th Century. These mighty Hill Forts had their Heyday
in the 9th Century, like the most Sea Trading Places.
The Strongholds are never situated directly in the Emporia, which are usually unfortified until
the 10th Century. As a Rule, there is a Distance of some Kilometers between a Sea Trading Place
and the neighboring Stronghold. This spatial Relationship gave Reason to different Hypotheses
– for instance Emporia could have been “Ports of Trade” privileged and accepted by the local
Rulers or the Traders could have been autonomous and compete with the Rulers
in the Strongholds, also for the control of their surroundings. An increasing number
of archaeological Finds from the Strongholds – for instance Arabic Silver Coins or elitist Far
Trade Goods – illuminate the Contacts between the Inhabitants of Strongholds and Trading
Places, the same applies for some Graves with special Layout and Equipment. On the Base
of old and new Archaeological Evidence the Paper deals with the Character of the Contacts
between the Sea Traders and the Tribal Rulers in the 8th-10th Century.
15
Marie Brinch
A NEW VIKING AGE TRA DING PLACE AT GL. HOLEBY,
LOLLAND – A PRELIMINARY VIEW
In the last few years amateur-archaeologists with metaldetectors have been very active
on the Danish island of Lolland. Many new and interesting locations have been brought to our
attention through their finds. Among them is a new site, Gl. Holeby, on central Lolland, which
is thought to be a trading place, which was mainly active during the Viking age. We will present
some of the finds from the new site and offer some preliminary reflections on the implications
of such a location on central Lolland.
16
Leszek Gardeła
SCANDINAVIAN AMULETS FROM TRUSO
This paper will discuss the complete corpus of Scandinavian-style amulets discovered in Truso.
So far the largest group among them comprises Thor’s hammers of various types
and manufactured from different materials (e.g. amber, iron). A separate group of amulets
includes miniatures of weapons such as spears or shields, but some intriguing amber axes have
also been discovered here. Particularly interesting are also the small anthropomorphic figures,
perhaps representing humans or supernatural beings (e.g. valkyrjur, disir or other), which may
have been worn as pendants, brooches or clothing appliques.
While a significant number of amulets from Truso have direct parallels in various areas
of the Viking world, there are also several objects which are absolutely unique, yet they clearly
originate from the Scandinavian cultural milieu. All of these finds will be presented in detail and
interpreted in the context of Old Norse textual sources and comparative archaeological
evidence.
17
Christoph Jahn
NEXT STOP LINKUHNEN?
THE SITE OF LINKUHNEN AT THE MEMEL REGION AND
ITS ROLE FOR THE VIK ING AGE TRANSIT FROM THE
BALTIC TO EAST EUROP E
The presentation summarizes new investigations on the famous site of Linkuhnen and its
material culture, which was excavated between 1928 and 1939, but never really published. The
surviving finds of the cemetery together with information collected from diverse archival
sources show a picture of a burial ground, which was probably used from the 2nd to 11th century.
When we try to analyze the material culture of the cemetery it is like looking through
a magnifying glass at the networks of cultural communication and trade in the West Baltic
during the Viking Age: there are local costume elements form the Memel region, but also from
other West Baltic regions, further on decorations and ornamental motives of a Scandinavian
tradition, finally weaponry of an “international” Viking Age standard, among them several
sword blades with inscriptions of the VLFBERHT-type. Before 1945 the site of Linkuhnen was
interpreted as evidence of the Viking impact on the Lower Memel, the existence of a Viking
“colony” somewhere in the region of Linkuhnen was assumed.
The new investigations at Linkuhnen show that in spite of the foreign influences on material
culture the burial rites at the cemetery represent a local West Baltic population strongly
affected by Viking globalization since the 8th century. The site of Linkuhnen seemed to have
been resided on a junction between North, West and East. These connections of material
culture, preserved in very rich graves of competing families, resulted from the extraordinarily
favorable topography of the site: situated on a low hill over Memel River where the Memel
delta turned into a single stream, the people of Linkuhnen were able to control all the shipping
traffic with its transit of goods.
For Scandinavians coming directly across the Baltic Sea and on a way to the East it was a first
stop after a longer sea voyage where travellers could rest and get new supplies. The assumption
of an “emporium” just like in Truso isn’t therefore necessary to explain the archaeological
record of Linkuhnen which makes the site an alternative model for the illustration
of Scandinavian influences in the West Baltic. We can suppose that Linkuhnen and its leading
families were part of the local tribe-society of Scalvians which settled in the Memel region.
18
Jakub Jagodziński
EARLY MEDIEVAL PORTS OF TRADEGLOBALIZATION ACCOMP LISHED BY THE VIKINGS?
On the basis of numerous studies about early medieval European archaeological sites,
the Viking aggrandizement from Jutland and Scandinavia to continental Europe’s interior
became clear. Range of Viking influences is exampled in the Baltic area ports of trade. It were
the settlements of handcraft-trade-port character, which were located near the Baltic Sea
shores.
The aim of this paper is to present the phenomenon, which author calls “globalization”,
in the realities of early Medieval based on selected archaeological sites, including Hedeby, Birka,
Wolin or Groβ Strömkendorf, with Janów Pomorski (Truso) especially taken into account.
All of these places show clearly the percolation of cultural influences, far-reaching trade
and interactions, furthermore they still managed to conserve similar spatial structure and
coherent functions model. Basing on archeological references (ex. silver coins, weights, folding
balances, ceramic, amber goods), sometimes supplemented by historical references,
it is possible to create a reliable image of ports of trade network. In certain context, I believe
it can be called “Viking globalization” phenomenon.
19
Dr Marek F. Jagodziński
JANÓW POMORSKI/TRUSO - 34 YEARS OF RESEARCH
AND STUDY ON THE EAR LY MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT
In my paper I briefly summarize 34 years of research Truso settlement, mainly in statistical
terms. I will present the scope and results of surface, including using metal detectors; scope
and results of geological surveys; scope and results of non-invasive (geomagnetic, aerial
photographs); scope and results of excavations. Also present state of development of research
results.
20
Charlotta Lindblom
THE KINGS PALISADE I N VIKING-AGE JELLING
Recent excavations, as a part of a joint research-project in Jelling have revealed the remains
of a massive wooden palisade demarcating an area of c. 12.5 hectares, encircling a series
of buildings and monuments. The impressive structure follows a strict architectural regularity
and demonstrates a rigid concept behind the laying out of the monumental parts. Furthermore,
preserved wood was found during the excavation of a small wetland area, hereby permitting
a more precise dating of the structure by dendrochronology. The resulting dates firmly link
the palisade and the individual components to the royal family named on the rune stones
in Jelling and in particular to the reign of King Harald Bluetooth. The paper will also focus
on what local/regional landscape Jelling was a part of and interacted in and last but not least –
looking into possible interpretations of the palisade.
I would appreciate any additional information you can give me on the conference as I have
heard very little. Is there a website or a Call for papers that I might find?
21
Marika Mägi
VIKING AGE TRADE ROUTES THROUGH THE EAST ERN
BALTIC AND THEIR CHA NGE IN TIME
The most convenient trade routes from Viking Age Scandinavia towards the East run through
the present-day Baltic States. It is, therefore, somewhat surprising that these areas often seem
to have been left out in the discussions about Viking Age East-West communication.
The best known and often cited big 12th-century international trade route through Novgorod,
called “the Route from the Varangians to the Greeks”, run partly along the northern coast
of Estonia. Still, the number of travellers who decided to travel to Byzantium via Novgorod
increased only in the 11th century. Before that, it was mainly the Eastern way, Austrveg, that
led from the Baltic Sea to the Arabic caliphates, and brought Kufic silver to the lands around
the Baltic Sea.
At least a part of Austrveg was used already before the “real” Viking Age, as is indicated
by artefacts from both Scandinavia and Volga area, found in present-day Finland and Estonia.
That the island of Saaremaa also was included, is demonstrated by some recent finds at Salme.
Strong Scandinavian influences were recorded nearly everywhere in the coastal areas of Estonia
and Finland, were we can talk of common culture in the military sphere.
Another big route that existed long before the Viking Age was the Amber route that run through
Grobina. Scandinavians established themselves there before the Viking Age as well. Still,
theScandinavian colony seemed not to have influenced local culture around it or its closest
neighbourhood, and the colony stopped existing as early as in the middle of the 9 th century.
The disappearance of Swedish colony marked the diminishing importance of the Amber way.
Other international routes through the Eastern Baltic were the Daugava River, the Memel River
and the river system and winter routes through the central Estonia. In the 11 th century,
the Daugava River became the most important of them. Contacts further east to the Volga River
nearly disappeared after 1000 AD, and from now on the most important destination was
Byzantium.
22
Daniel Makowiecki, Martyna Wiejacka, Jan Wiejacki
WHAT IS KNOWN, WHAT IS STILL TO DO?
THE ARCHAEOZOOLOGY O F TRUSO
The animals played an important role during the European Middle Ages. Their exploitation
is reflected in faunal assemblages recorded in archaeological sites. The archaeological research
in Janów Pomorski provided such data. Among them the most numerous are remains from
household waste, consisting of the bones of domestic mammals. The abundance of fish remains
points that this group of animals played also an important part of the diet. Aside from food,
animals were source of raw materials where wild mammals were willingly used.
However analyses revealed some aspects of animal economy, the whole picture of animal
exploitation in Truso still needs to be revised. The latter aspect makes a contribution to further,
many-sided, interdisciplinary research.
23
Anne Pedersen
POWER AND POLITICS A T THE TIME OF KING HARALD
BLUETOOTH, DENMARK
The discovery of a monumental palisade complex in Jelling, Jutland, has added yet another
piece to our knowledge of Denmark at the time of King Harald Bluetooth. The individual
features of the complex closely link it to other major buildings of the second half
of the 10th century, the circular fortress (Aggersborg, Fyrkat, Nonnebakken, Trelleborg and the
recently discovered Borgring), a 760m long bridge 10km south of Jelling, and building works
at Danevirke at the southern border of Denmark.
These monuments all demonstrate a command of material and human resources, and together
with other contempory evidence they bears witness to a particularly resourceful ruler, who
applied impressive and innovative means to communicate his status and ambitions, but also
one who acknowledged the importance of referring to a traditional, royal style of ancestral
worship.
24
Fred Ruchhöft
ARKONA - THE HOLY PLACE IN TH E CENTRE OF THE
WESTERN BALTIC SEA. NEW EXCAVATIONS AN N EW
RESULTS
In the lecture it will be presented information about the famous temple-stronghold of Arkona
(Rügen, Germany), final destroyed by the Danes in 1168. Year by year we lose small
areas by coastal erosion.
In front of this we have excavations to serve the archaeological information in endangered parts
since 1994. There are opened near 2500 sqm and moved more than 800 cubic meters soil.
In the last years we got a lot of findings showing a 11th century living area around the already
lost holy place.
Inside the stronghold we have many traces of destruction by Viking tribes long before 1168.
In the wall can be seen 3 up to 5 brand layers. In time we have more than 10.000 single finds
and complexes from bone and ceramic up to weapons, coins and jewelry. For instance there
are 6 fragments of swords, more than 300 arrowheads (most Scandinavian type), 200 silver
peaces and some more beads, some balances and weights, a hook of a load balance, parts
of a Scandinavian chest, fishing hooks, knifes and so on...
25
Roman Shiroukhov
WESTERN BALTS IN THE 10/11TH-FIRST HALF OF THE
13TH CENTURIES: AFTER THE VIKINGS AND JUST
BEFORE THE CRUSADES . RESULTS OF THE 201 3-2015
POST-DOCTORAL PROJECT IN VILNIUS UNIVERSITY.
The study briefly represents the course and results of the post-doctoral research project, which
is the first comparative study of the post-Viking age Western Balts material culture.
The questions of trans-regional contacts in the area of South-Eastern Baltic, comparative
analysis of the statistical data of the Western Balts ornaments, arms, horse harness, ceramics,
different tools and imported goods with some general features of burial rite, cemeteries based
on social structure, contact zones and trade routes are described in the study. Typology
and chronology of Prussian, Curonian and Scalvian grave goods are also clarified during
the research.
The problem of cross-contact regions of the Western Balts, altogether with possible routes
of cultural interaction and trade were also revised on a basis of newly investigated and archival
data.
26
Heiko Steuer
TRUSO IN THE GEOGRAP HIC MIDDLE BETWEEN
ENGLAND AND THE RIVER VOLGA –
THE GLOBALISATION OF THE WEIGHT-BASED SILVER
ECONOMY.
In the late 9th and the 10th century, there existed a vast economic community that extended
over more than 3000 km and whose members had come together over a neutral currency
on the basis of weighed silver.
The western realms, such as France, England and the German Reich, had much earlier
developed a coin economy, organised and monopolised by the governmental authorities, which
in the new kingdoms along the Baltic Sea and south and east of it was not introduced until
around 1000 – not least, for purposes of propaganda. The weight-based economy, in contrast,
was in the hands of the traders, who travelled across regions. For every transaction, the parties
used their own scales to compare weights and reach an agreement on a price. Therefore, in my
opinion, all attempts to reconstruct local units of weight for different central places based
on the finds are working under a faulty model. Evidence showing that weights were produced
in many places does not contradict this view. The wide area containing identically constructed
scales and, in particular, identical cubo-octahedral and spherical weights reflects the existence
of a cohesive economic area, which, after its occupation by Scandinavians, included England
as well. Based on the finds and their cartography, this paper shows that the dating as well
as the uniformity of the objects depicts a currency community in which Truso in fact lies roughly
at the geographic centre. Reference is also made to the hypothesis that the basic idea of scales
and weights originated in Central Asia and Arabia and was imported with the Arabic-Kufic
dirham, and that this large economic area was on the verge of an Islamisation.
In addition, some observations will be made on the question of why there seems to have been
a special situation in Truso of all places; for there is a dating discrepancy between the early (cut)
Arabic dirham and the later weights, that is, in this central place the simultaneity of dirham
and weights is lacking.
27
Wojciech Wróblewski
SALT WAS IN THE BEGI NNING…?
THE ROLE OF TRUSO IN THE FORMATION OF EAR LY
POLISH STATEHOOD
The main thesis of this presentation was published in the popular paper in September 2012.
Many scholars believe that the name of Truso came from Old Balts (contemporary Lithuanian)
word *Drusa: that means salt, saline, salt production. But the location of the archaeological site
in Janów Pomorski does not approve such a qualification. From the geological point of view
there were neither saline nor salt production places in the close neighborhood of the place.
What does it mean? The only explanation is that Truso was the place of the trading of salt,
the fair of salt. From which region salt was distributed to Truso? How big may have been
the amount of salt to mark the name of the place? And how important is this conclusion
for the formulating the hypothetical answer of one of the main reasons of the beginning of early
Polish statehood? In his presentation author will try to answer for all these questions.
28

Globalization - Muzeum Archeologiczno

Transcription

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