TUR‹ZM ‹Ç‹N ‹NG‹L‹ZCE-II

Transcription

T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YAYINI NO: 2995
AÇIKÖ⁄RET‹M FAKÜLTES‹ YAYINI NO: 1948
Yazarlar
Yrd.Doç.Dr. Özgür YILDIRIM (Ünite 1, 3, 4, 7)
Yrd.Doç.Dr. Ali MERÇ (Ünite 2, 5, 6, 8)
Editör
Prof.Dr. Zülal BALPINAR
ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹
Bu kitab›n bas›m, yay›m ve sat›fl haklar› Anadolu Üniversitesine aittir.
“Uzaktan Ö¤retim” tekni¤ine uygun olarak haz›rlanan bu kitab›n bütün haklar› sakl›d›r.
‹lgili kurulufltan izin almadan kitab›n tümü ya da bölümleri mekanik, elektronik, fotokopi, manyetik kay›t
veya baflka flekillerde ço¤alt›lamaz, bas›lamaz ve da¤›t›lamaz.
Copyright © 2013 by Anadolu University
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means mechanical, electronic, photocopy, magnetic tape or otherwise, without
permission in writing from the University.
UZAKTAN Ö⁄RET‹M TASARIM B‹R‹M‹
Genel Koordinatör
Doç.Dr. Müjgan Bozkaya
Genel Koordinatör Yard›mc›s›
Arfl.Gör.Dr. ‹rem Erdem Ayd›n
Ö¤retim Tasar›mc›s›
Dr. Kadriye Uzun
Grafik Tasar›m Yönetmenleri
Prof. Tevfik Fikret Uçar
Ö¤r.Gör. Cemalettin Y›ld›z
Ö¤r.Gör. Nilgün Salur
Grafiker
Ayflegül Dibek
Kitap Koordinasyon Birimi
Uzm. Nermin Özgür
Kapak Düzeni
Prof. Tevfik Fikret Uçar
Ö¤r.Gör. Cemalettin Y›ld›z
Dizgi
Aç›kö¤retim Fakültesi Dizgi Ekibi
Turizm ‹çin ‹ngilizce-II
ISBN
978-975-06-1658-7
1. Bask›
Bu kitap ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ Web-Ofset Tesislerinde 4.000 adet bas›lm›flt›r.
ESK‹fiEH‹R, Ocak 2013
iii
‹çindekiler
‹çindekiler
Önsöz ............................................................................................................ viii
Planning A Trip........................................................................
2
LET US READ ................................................................................................
Planning a Trip in 10 Steps ..........................................................................
Step 1: Establish a Budget......................................................................
Step 2: Pick a Destination ......................................................................
Step 3: Create a Rough Itinerary............................................................
Step 4: Set a Date and Book Transportation ........................................
Step 5: Book Accommodation ...............................................................
Step 6: Book Local Transportation ........................................................
Step 7: Search for Attractions .................................................................
Step 8: Consider Travel Insurance .........................................................
Step 9: Plan for Key Logistics.................................................................
Step 10: Pack ...........................................................................................
HOW WOULD THEY SAY IT? .....................................................................
HOW WOULD YOU SAY IT? .......................................................................
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE..............................................................................
Present Tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future .....................................
Will and (be) Going to .................................................................................
USEFUL INFORMATION ...............................................................................
Vocabulary - Sözcükler .................................................................................
Let Us Test Ourselves - Kendimizi S›nayal›m ...................................... ......
Answer Keys - Cevap Anahtar› ................................................. ..................
References - Kaynaklar ................................................................................
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
10
12
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
Tours And Tour Guides.......................................................... 22
LET US READ ...............................................................................................
Reading 1 .......................................................................................................
Tours and Package Holidays..................................................................
Reading 2 .......................................................................................................
Tour Guides.............................................................................................
SITUATION 1.................................................................................................
A City Tour ....................................................................................................
SITUATION 2.................................................................................................
A Tour to Mountains.....................................................................................
Arrive in - Arrive at .......................................................................................
TRADITIONAL BLACK SEA TOUR...............................................................
Prepositions of Spatial Relationship.............................................................
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF TOUR GUIDES .............................................
USUFUL INFORMATION - FAYDALI B‹LG‹LER ..........................................
23
23
23
24
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25
25
25
26
26
27
29
30
30
31
34
38
1. ÜN‹TE
2. ÜN‹TE
iv
‹çindekiler
Let Us Test Ourselves - Kendimizi S›nayal›m .............................................
Answer Keys - Cevap Anahtar› ....................................................................
References - Kaynaklar .................................................................................
3. ÜN‹TE
Mass Tourism ........................................................................... 46
LET US READ ................................................................................................
Mass Tourism and Its Effects........................................................................
Part 1 - What is Mass Tourism?..............................................................
Mass Tourism and Its Effects........................................................................
Part 2 - Negative Effects of Mass Tourism ............................................
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISING IN TOURISM
INDUSTRY .....................................................................................................
Discover the Wonders of Africa...................................................................
Enjoy This Unique Safari ..............................................................................
Nature lovers’ and adventurers’ dream..................................................
CALL OUR AGENCY TODAY AND MAKE YOUR RESERVATION ............
Order of Adjectives .......................................................................................
Top 10 Things Every Travel Agent Should Do Right Now........................
4. ÜN‹TE
47
47
47
48
48
49
50
51
53
53
53
53
53
53
55
55
56
56
57
57
NICHE TOURISM I: Ecotourism and Health Tourism....... 60
LET US READ ...............................................................................................
Turkey Aims To Be Health Tourism Hub ...................................................
References - Kaynaklar ................................................................................
5. ÜN‹TE
41
42
43
45
61
63
64
65
66
70
75
76
77
77
Niche Tourism: Urban Tourism and Faith Tourism ........... 78
LET US READ ................................................................................................
Reading 1 .......................................................................................................
Urban Tourism ........................................................................................
LET US READ 2 .............................................................................................
79
79
79
81
v
‹çindekiler
Faith/Religious Tourism ................................................................................
Faith Tourism in Turkey ...............................................................................
SITUATION 1.................................................................................................
An Urban Visit: Destination Europe ............................................................
SITUATION 2.................................................................................................
TOKYO (JAPAN) ...........................................................................................
OSAKA (JAPAN) ............................................................................................
SHANGHAI (CHINA) ....................................................................................
SINGAPORE...................................................................................................
HATAY ...........................................................................................................
MAN‹SA..........................................................................................................
KIRfiEH‹R .......................................................................................................
MARD‹N .........................................................................................................
Articles (a/an/the) .........................................................................................
USEFUL INFORMATION- FAYDALI B‹LG‹LER............................................
ELEMENTS OF URBAN TOURISM ...............................................................
Primary Elements ..........................................................................................
SOME FACTS ABOUT TURKEY AS A DESTINATION
FOR FAITH TOURISM ..................................................................................
81
81
83
83
86
88
88
89
89
90
92
93
93
94
95
95
97
97
97
98
100
101
102
103
World Heritage Sites in Turkey ............................................ 104
LET US READ ................................................................................................
Reading 1 .......................................................................................................
UNESCO World Heritage Sites .....................................................................
Reading 2 .......................................................................................................
Turkey in the World Heritage List ...............................................................
SITUATION 1.................................................................................................
A Visit to Selimiye Mosque and Its Social Complex...................................
SITUATION 2.................................................................................................
An Interview on the City of Safranbolu ......................................................
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF INTERVIEWS ................................................
The Language of Interviewers......................................................................
THE RELATIVE CLAUSES..............................................................................
How to Form a Relative Clause? ..................................................................
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divri¤i ........................................................
Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia .......................
Historic Areas of Istanbul ............................................................................
105
105
105
108
108
110
110
110
112
112
114
115
117
117
117
120
120
121
122
6. ÜN‹TE
vi
‹çindekiler
Hattusha: The Hittite Capital .......................................................................
Mount Nemrut ..............................................................................................
Xanthos-Letoon ............................................................................................
Archaeological Site of Troy .........................................................................
The Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük ................................................................
Vocabulary - Sözcükler ................................................................................
Let Us Test Ourselves - Kendimizi S›nayal›m ......................................... ...
Answer Keys - Cevap Anahtar› ...................................................................
7. ÜN‹TE
A General Outlook to Turkish Culture ................................ 132
LET US READ ................................................................................................
Reading 1 .......................................................................................................
Turkish Music ..........................................................................................
Reading 2 .......................................................................................................
Miniature Art............................................................................................
Marbling (Ebru) .......................................................................................
Reading 3 .......................................................................................................
Turkish Cuisine .......................................................................................
Reading 4 ......................................................................................................
Life Style .................................................................................................
Turkish Baths ..........................................................................................
Past Simple ....................................................................................................
Past Continuous ......................................................................................
Past Perfect ..............................................................................................
USEFUL INFORMATION- FAYDALI B‹LG‹LER............................................
Calligraphy (Hat)...........................................................................................
Turkish Coffee.........................................................................................
Turkish Delight........................................................................................
Musical Instruments of Turkey...............................................................
8. ÜN‹TE
122
123
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124
124
126
128
129
130
133
133
133
137
137
139
140
141
142
142
142
143
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146
146
146
147
147
150
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152
153
Correspondence In Tourism .................................................. 154
LET US READ ................................................................................................
Requesting Reservation.................................................................................
HOW DO THEY WRITE?..............................................................................
CONFIRMATION LETTER .............................................................................
Reply 1 ...........................................................................................................
Reply 2 ...........................................................................................................
Reply 3 ...........................................................................................................
A LETTER OF APOLOGY .............................................................................
155
155
157
157
157
158
158
159
‹çindekiler
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF HOTEL LETTERS ..........................................
HOW WOULD YOU WRITE IT? ..................................................................
Useful Information - Faydal› Bilgiler ...........................................................
160
162
163
171
174
175
176
177
vii
viii
Önsöz
Önsöz
Sevgili Ö¤renciler,
‹nsanlar neden seyahat ederler diye kendimize bir soral›m. Neden kendi evlerinin rahat ortam›ndan ayr›l›p bir baflka ülkeye veya kendi ülkelerinde bile olsa bir
baflka kente gidip gezmek isterler? Ço¤u kez bu isteklerinin alt›nda merak duygusu yatar. ‹nsano¤lu bilmediklerini ö¤renmek, görmediklerini görmek ve farkl› deneyler yaflamak ister. Bu merak ve istek de günümüzde milyonlarca insan›n farkl›
yönlere ve yerlere seyahat etmesi anlam›na geliyor. Bu seyahatler para kazanmak
amac› gütmeden keyif amaçl› yap›ld›klar› zaman da ad›na turizm deniyor.
‹nsano¤lunun yolculuk yapma iste¤i 20. veya 21.yüzy›la ait bir olgu de¤il. Tarih boyunca insanl›k gezmifl, gezmeyi sevmifl. Tarihçiler, ilk turistlerin veya gezme merakl›lar›n›n Romal›lar oldu¤unu söylüyor. Merak ettikleri yerlere rahat ulaflabilmek için yol haritalar› haz›rlay›p, konaklama yerlerini iflaretlemifller. Günümüzde, ça¤dafl seyyah daha h›zl› veya daha rahat seyahat etme flans›na sahip. Ancak, yine de davran›fllar›n›n veya isteklerinin Romal› seyyahlardan farkl› oldu¤unu söyleyemeyiz. Gidece¤i yere rahat ulaflmak, ulafl›mda kolayl›k, konaklamada
rahatl›k, gitti¤i yerde hoflça vakit geçirmek, iyi karfl›lanmak, iyi a¤›rlanmak, evine
döndü¤ü zaman da gitti¤ime de¤di diyebilmek.
‹flte bu aflamada onlar›n yolculuklar›n› kolaylaflt›racak ve daha zevkli hale getirecek olan turizm çal›flanlar› devreye giriyor. E¤er bir bireyde gezme iste¤i oluflmuflsa, bu iste¤in olufltu¤u andan itibaren, evinde oturuyor bile olsa, bir süreç bafll›yor. Planlama, ulafl›m, konaklama, gezi program› gibi aflamalar› içeren bir süreç.
Bu sürecin yolculuk yapan kifli için sorunsuz geçmesini sa¤lamak da turizm
sektörünün farkl› alanlar›nda çal›flan sizlere düflüyor. Gelen turistler, daha do¤rusu konuklar ile iyi iletiflim kurmak, onlara yard›mc› olmak, onlar› evlerinde hissettirmek ve gerekti¤i zaman onlara bilgi aktarmak hep sizlerin sorumlulu¤unda.
“English for Tourism” kitaplar›n›z› haz›rlarken tüm bu aflamalar› ve iletiflim ihtiyaçlar›n› göz önünde bulundurmaya çal›flt›k. Bu iki kitapl›k serinin ilkinde size
‹ngilizce birebir iletiflim kurma becerileri kazand›rmaya yönelik konulardan oluflan bir kitap haz›rlad›k. Bu serinin ikinci kitab›n›n alan›n›za yaklafl›m› birinciye
göre biraz daha farkl› oldu.
“English for Tourism II” kitab›nda Planning a Trip; Tours and Tour Guides;
Types of Tourism; Mass Tourism; Niche Tourism: Health Tourism, Ecotourism, Faith Tourism gibi turizm alan›na daha genel bir bak›fl aç›s› sa¤layan konular bulacaks›n›z. Günümüzde turizm ve turist kavramlar›nda farkl› yaklafl›mlar›n olufltu¤unu ve daha özelleflmifl turizm türlerinin var oldu¤unu düflünecek olursak bu seçimimizin do¤rulu¤u anlafl›lacakt›r. Kitab›n›z ayr›ca ülkemizle ilgili bilgilerle de donat›ld›. UNESCO’nun Dünya Kültürel Miras› listesine giren ülkemiz görsel zenginliklerinin yan› s›ra, zengin kültürel miras›m›z, müzi¤imiz, mutfa¤›m›z gibi konularda da sizlere bilgi aktarmaya çal›flt›k. Kitab›n›z›n son ünitesi ise turizm alan›nda
s›kça rastlayaca¤›n›z yaz›flma örnekleri içeriyor.
Önsöz
Kitab›m›zda sekiz ünite bulacaks›n›z. ‹lk kitab›n›zda oldu¤u gibi, her ünitenin
kendi içerisinde okuma, okudu¤unu anlama, dilbilgisi aç›klamalar› ve ünitenin
kapsad›¤› konu ile ilgili olan ‹ngilizce kal›psal yap›lar›n bulundu¤u bölümler bulacaks›n›z. Bu bölümler sizin ‹ngilizce dil bilginizi gelifltirmek ve katk›da bulunmak için haz›rland›. Özellikle, kal›p kullan›mlar› çal›flman›z ve günlük yaflam›n›zda da uygulaman›z›n dil gelifliminizi h›zland›raca¤›na inan›yoruz. Her ünitemizin
sonunda ‘Faydal› Bilgiler’ bafll›¤› alt›nda bir ek bölüm bulacaks›n›z. Bu bölümde,
ünitenin konusuna göre farkl› alanlarda size alan bilgisi sunmaya çal›fl›yoruz. Ülkemizi ve kültürümüzü anlatan bu bölümlerin konuklar›n›za bilgi aktar›rken sizlere ›fl›k tutaca¤›na inan›yoruz.
Her üniteyi size verilen takvime göre düzenli çal›flman›z, ünitelerde yer alan
sorular› yan›tlaman›z ve elden geldi¤ince uygulamada kullanman›z konulara hakim olman›z ve anlam›n›z için yeterli olacakt›r.
Her iki kitab› haz›rlarken iki farkl› yaklafl›m› birlefltirmeye çal›flt›k. Size s›rf dil
a¤›rl›kl› bir kitap haz›rlayarak mesle¤inizle ilgili konular› d›flar›da b›rakmak istemedik. Ancak, bizler turizm alan› uzmanlar› da de¤iliz, size s›rf turizm içerikli bir
kitap da sunamazd›k. Sonunda orta yolu bularak her iki alan› da birlefltirmeye çal›flan bu kitab›m›z› size sunuyoruz.
Hepinize baflar›lar dileriz.
Editör
Prof.Dr. Zülal BALPINAR
ix
1
Amaçlar›m›z - Our Aim
N
N
N
Bu üniteyi tamamlad›ktan sonra;
Yolculuk planlar› yapmak;
Bu planlarla ilgili ifllemler yapmak;
Bu konuda kullan›lan ‹ngilizce kal›plar hakk›nda
bilgi ve becerilere sahip olacaks›n›z.
Anahtar Kavramlar - Key Terms
• Planning a Trip
• Chosing Destinations
• Buying Tickets
• Making Reservations
‹çindekiler - Unit Contents
Planning A Trip
•
•
•
•
•
LET US READ
HOW WOULD THEY SAY IT?
HOW WOULD YOU SAY IT?
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
USEFUL INFORMATION
Planning A Trip
LET US READ
Yola ç›karken yolculuk amac›m›za göre götürece¤imiz giysileri ve gereksinimlerimizi seçer ve bavulumuzu veya s›rt çantam›z› toplar›z. Bu zihinsel olarak yolculu¤a
bir ön haz›rl›kt›r. Ancak, ço¤umuz bilet al›p yola ç›karken ayr›nt›l› düflünmeyebiliriz. Gidece¤imiz yerde neler yapaca¤›z,
ulafl›m nas›l, nereleri görmeliyiz
gibi sorular› gözden geçirmek
ve ona göre plan yapmak yapaca¤›m›z yolculu¤u daha zevkli
k›lar. Bu ünitemiz yolculuk
planlamalar› ve bu planlar›n neler içerebilece¤i ile ilgili.
‹lk okuma parçam›z yolculu¤u planlarken nelere dikkat
etmeli ve nas›l planlar yapmal›
konusunda ipuçlar› veriyor.
Planning a Trip in 10 Steps
Step 1: Establish a Budget
It’s important to establish a budget as early as possible, sometimes even before
you know your destination, travel dates or itinerary. Some destinations are generally
cheaper than others, but there are ways to save everywhere: travel in the offseason, pick budget accommodations, and plan a shorter trip.
Step 2: Pick a Destination
Now that you know how much you can spend, you can decide on where you
want to go! Pick a particular place that’s on your must-see travel list, and plan your
vacation around that. Research it online and discuss it with family members or
friends. Websites are a great place to browse travel photos, journals and videos
posted by real people sharing their experiences. Visit countries’ tourism Web sites
Resim 1.1
Planning a trip
http://maidenvoyagetravel.com/tips-forfirst-time-solotravelers/
4
for detailed information.Keep in mind weather conditions, types of recreations
(beaches, culture, shopping), and facilities (transport, eating out, etc.).
Step 3: Create a Rough Itinerary
Suppose you want to go to Turkey. Don’t go ahead and buy a roundtrip flight to
Istanbul and reserve a hotel room — at least, not yet. You should prepare a dayby-day itinerary of your trip to Turkey before you book a thing. Research sites and
cities you really want to explore, and then figure out which ones you have the
time and budget for. Check out alternative ways of travel to your destination.
Step 4: Set a Date and Book Transportation
After choosing where you want to go and deciding on the dates, you will also
want to look at transportation options. As transportation fare will probably be the
most expensive part of your trip, you’ll want to book it before anything else (car
rental, hotel, etc.). If your schedule is flexible, you may be able to find less
expensive rates for transportation on different days of the week. Once you get an
idea of prices you can choose to book them right away if it fits your budget, or if
you are more than six months away from your trip, watch them for a while. Check
the prices at different times of the day to see if they drop so that you can save
some extra money.
Step 5: Book Accommodation
When booking accommodations, consider two factors: value for the money and
traveler reviews. Everyone likes to get a good deal, but check out travel websites
and read about other travelers’ experiences to see if the location would be to your
liking. Pay attention to the area of the lodging and determine if it is close enough
to local attractions for you. Also consider factors such as free breakfast, a gym or
spa if those things are important to you.
Step 6: Book Local Transportation
Find out how the locals get around the destination to which you’re traveling, and
act accordingly. You won’t need a car rental in city centers where subways, buses,
or bicycles are among options. For intercity travel, trains or buses can be good
options. Also, a car rental may be your best bet if you plan to go outside the city.
Book your rental car by using the websites of major car rental companies. Be
mentally prepared to drive in a foreign country, which can be a horrifying
experience when faced with incomprehensible traffic signs, narrow streets or
roadblocks.
Step 7: Search for Attractions
When you finish planning your transportation and accommodations, begin
researching about what you plan to do while you are at your destination. This is
the point where you check out all the details such as museums to visit or favorite
local restaurants to eat at. Be flexible and give yourself plenty of options.
Step 8: Consider Travel Insurance
There are several kinds of travel insurance: trip cancellation insurance, flight
cancellation insurance, medical insurance, etc. If you want to buy travel insurance,
many airlines and travel providers sell insurance that you can purchase. Check
5
1. Ünite - Planning A Trip
your medical insurance coverage to see if you’re covered abroad. If not, you may
want to purchase supplemental medical insurance.
Step 9: Plan for Key Logistics
Start taking care of the key logistics such as money or phone a few weeks before
your departure date. Call your credit card companies to let them know you’ll be
traveling abroad. Research the locations of ATM’s in your destination. Find weather
your cell phone plan and equipment allow you to make calls abroad. In addition,
check whether the country you want to visit requires an entry visa. If you plan to
rent a car, do not forget to check whether you need an international driver’s license.
Step 10: Pack
Instead of packing the day before your trip, start thinking about it at least a week
before you leave. Check the weather, put together a packing list, and take a look
at your suitcase to make sure its wheels work and everything’s going to fit.
SIRA S‹ZDE
Decide whether the following sentences are ‘True’ or ‘False’
according to the
YOUR TURN
passage ‘Planning a Trip in 10 Steps’.
Sentence
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
True
1
False
1. A traveler should establish his/her budget after making all the bookings.
UYGULAYIN
3. Weather conditions and types of recreations are among the thingsKto
‹TAP
BOOK
consider while planning a trip.
K‹TAP
BOOK
4. A traveler should always start by booking transportation. It should
‹NTERNET
come even before creating an itinerary.
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
INTERNET
TTENTION
6. Getting a good deal should be the only criterion for a traveler Awhile
booking accommodation.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
7. Driving in a foreign country requires more than having a valid driver’s
OBJECTIVES
license; one also needs to be mentally prepared for it.
8. Being flexible is quite important while searching and planning for
attractions; things may change.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
2. Travelling in the high-season is a way of saving money in any destination
LET’S TH‹NK
a traveler chooses to go.
5. A traveler should check different dates of the week for booking to save
money on transportation, of course only if his/her schedule is flexible.
D‹KKAT
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
N N
9. A traveler should consider the abroad coverage of his/her medical
insurance while planning a trip.
10. It is enough to have a valid driver’s license from your home country in
order to drive abroad.
Okuma parças›nda ad›m ad›m bir yolculuk planlan›rken nelere dikkat edilmesi gerekti¤i konusunda bilgi edindik. fiimdi bu planlar› uygularken ne tür konuflmalar
yap›labilece¤i konusunda size örnekler haz›rlad›k.
‹lk konumuz bir araba kiralamak.
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
6
Resim 1.2
Courtesy of Ambro
http://www.freedigit
alphotos.net
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Resim 1.3
Choosing a car
Courtesy of Vlado
alphotos.net
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Situation 1:
Brian is planning a trip to Turkey with his son.
He wants to reserve a rental car for traveling
from Istanbul to Eskisehir. He searches the
websites of major rental car companies but he
finds all the information and options quite
confusing, so he decides to call the local car
rental agency to get a better idea. The
following is the phone conversation between
Brian and the rental car agent:
Good morning. Thank you for calling Happy Wheels Rental
Car Company. My name is Jason. How may I help you?
Hi. I’d like get a quote for a rental in Istanbul, Turkey.
Sure! I can help you with a quote and a reservation. What is
the pick-up date?
August 15th.
And you are returning on?
On the 25th.
OK! And the pick-up location?
What are your locations in Istanbul?
Just a second please! ... Well, we have three locations in
Istanbul: Ataturk International Airport, Sabiha Gökçen
International Airport, and Taksim.
I’ll be staying at my friend’s apartment; it’s pretty close to
Taksim; so I guess Taksim will be fine for me.
All right. I put Taksim for pick-up... Will you return it to the
same location?
Our flight back to the U.S.A. is on the 25th, can I return it to
Ataturk International Airport?
Sure, no problem! But the price will be a little higher.
OK! I’ll return it to Ataturk International Airport then.
All right. So I put Ataturk International as the return location.
... Do you have a size in mind?
Yes, I want a mid-size car.
Rental Car Agent : OK. Let me check to
see if we have one
available on your
dates... Hmmm. It’s
doesn’t look like we
do. We have a couple
of economy, compact,
and full-size cars
available.
Well, what is the main difference between these cars?
The main difference is size. The economy car is the smallest,
and it seats fewer passengers and can hold fewer luggages...
How many people are with you?
Just me and my son.
Well, the economy car would work.
7
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent:
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
Rental Car Agent :
Brian
:
But I’m really tall and trying squeeze into a very small car. I
don’t think so.
Well, if you need more room or comfort, I recommend the
full-size car. It also has a nice stereo system, CD player, and
cruise control, and power locks and windows.
Well, I’m not so concerned about how it’s equipped. I just
want to make sure it is comfortable to drive. And what is the
daily rate for that anyway?
Well, let’s see here. Oh, yeah. It’ll come to fifty-seven ninetyfive a day.
Wow, a little expensive. But what’s the cost for mileage?
All of our cars have unlimited miles, but of course, that
doesn’t include gas.
Good... By the way, I’ll need a car seat installed in the car
for my 3-year-old son.
Sure, and that’ll only be one dollar extra per day. Will you
need a GPS device, it’s only three dollars extra per day, and
I strongly recommend one if you are not familiar with the
roads in Turkey.
Yeah, of course. Thanks for reminding that to me, I’ll
definitely need one.
All right. So your estimated total comes to six-hundred and
nineteen dollars and fifty cents.
How about insurance?
Well, this price includes the liability, if you want a loss
damage waiver, it is eight dollars per day.
What’s the difference?
The liability is the basic insurance that covers other people
or vehicles in the event of an accident. Loss damage waiver
provides coverage for the car you are driving.
I get it. I don’t think I need that because my credit card
company will already provide loss damage coverage.
All right then, I just need a valid credit card number to make
the reservation. This is for holding the car for you; you will
make the actual payment when you return the car on August
25th.
OK. Just a second... OK, the number is...
Situation 2:
‹kinci konumuz yapt›¤›m›z bir otel rezervasyonunu de¤ifltirmek.
Brian has already booked a room at a hotel
in Eskisehir by using one of the major travel
websites. However, now he needs to change
the dates on his reservation but he cannot do
it online due to some restrictions of the
website. So he calls the customer service for
making the necessary changes.
Resim 1.4
What shall I do?
alphotos.net
8
Customer Service Representative :
Brian
:
Brian :
Brian
:
Brian
:
Brian
:
Brian
:
Good afternoon, thank you for calling
sweettravels.com, this is Tracy speaking,
how can I help you today?
Good afternoon. I made a reservation
with your website two weeks ago but I
need to change the dates now, I tried it
online but the system wouldn’t allow
me...
All right sir. Let’s see what I can do for
you. Do you have a confirmation number?
Yes. It’s SWC21119811.
OK, just a second, I’m checking your
reservation... All right, here is the
problem, your reservation is a nonrefundable one, we gave you a special
price, you have already made the
payment, and the reservation cannot be
cancelled or modified now, this was the
condition for the special price.
I know, I understand... but I’ll be
travelling with my 3-year-old son, he
needs to see his doctor before we leave,
the doctor had to change the
appointment, so I have to change all the
dates in my travel itinerary. The number
of days I stay will not change but I’ll need
to check in on August 15th, and check out
on the 25th.
I understand... Let’s see... Can you hold
for a second please?
Sure.
(about a minute later) Thank you for
holding. I just talked to my supervisor,
here is what we can and cannot do for
you... we cannot cancel the reservation,
or we cannot modify the dates keeping
the same special price, but we can change
your dates if you agree to pay the regular
rate.
Will I still get the same room type?
Sure, you reserved a deluxe room with a
king-size bed and a child bed, it won’t
change, but you’ll have to pay eleven
dollars more per night, for ten nights your
extra will add up to one-hundred and ten
dollars, that of course includes free
parking, free Wi-Fi, and breakfast buffet.
That’s fine with me. Thank you very
much.
9
Brian
:
Brian
:
Brian
:
Thank you. Would you like to make the
payment with the credit card you made
the original reservation with?
Yes.
OK, you are all set then, I will make the
necessary changes and you should get a
confirmation e-mail for your modified
reservation within the day... Is there
anything else I can help you with?
No, thanks. You’ve been most helpful.
We appreciate your business sir. Have a
nice day and enjoy your trip to Turkey.
Thanks, Good bye.
Situation 3:
Üçüncü örne¤imiz ise uçak bileti almak ile ilgili.
Brian is talking to a friend of his, Jeremy,
about his flight to Istanbul.
Jeremy : So when is your trip to Istanbul?
Brain
: It’s on the 5th of August.
Jeremy : You must be very excited. Did you
buy your plane ticket?
Brain
: Yes, it was the first thing I did, I
bought it two months ago.
Jeremy : I’ve never been to Turkey. How
long does it take?
Brain
: It’s around ten hours if you choose a direct flight.
Jeremy : Wow!
Brain
: I know, it is rather long. We’ll take off at 4 pm from New York and
we’ll be landing the next day around 9 am in Turkish time, it will be
2 am here in New York. Of course, this is the flight schedule without
considering any delays, the actual time could be longer with the
delays.
Jeremy : And this is a direct flight. I can’t imagine a flight with stops.
Brain
: You’re right. There are some options with different stops in Europe
but with the layovers it takes more
than 24 hours from door to
door.
Jeremy : I see. So you are lucky you’re
flying with a direct flight.
Brain
: Yeah. Actually, I’ll feel better if
I can find an aisle seat. I feel
like I’m squeezed into a
shoebox in window seats,
especially during those longdistance flights to overseas.
Jeremy : Haha!
Resim 1.5
Ready to go all the
way to ‹stanbul.
Courtesy of
Brandon Sigma/
alphotos.net
Resim 1.6
Booking for your
travel
Courtesy of
Kittikun/
alphotos.net
10
Yukar›da okudu¤unuz konuflmalar› da göz önünde bulundurarak afla¤›daki al›flt›rmalar› yapmaya çal›fl›n.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
2
SIRA S‹ZDEa trip to Istanbul. She calls the local travel agency to book a
Jennifer is planning
YOUR TURN
hotel room and a rental car. Complete the following conversation by using the
information ALIfiTIRMALAR
in the box below (sentences will vary).
EXERCISES
Hotel
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
•
•
•
•
UYGULAYIN
Check-in
date: June 3rd
LET’S date:
TH‹NK June 15th
Check-out
Preferred room type: Standard
K ‹ Tamenities:
AP
Preferred
Free breakfast,
B
O
O
Wi-Fi, laundryK facilities
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
N N
D‹KKAT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rental Car
Pick-up date: June 7th
Return date: June 11th
Pick-up location: Sultan Ahmet
Return location: Sultan Ahmet
Size: Economy
Insurance: Liability and loss damage
waiver
Extras: GPS device
Travel Agent
A T T E: N Thank
T I O N you for calling Tonawanda Travel Agency. How can I
help you?
Customer AMAÇLARIMIZ
: Hi, I am travelling to Istanbul next month, I already bought the
OBJECTIVES
plane tickets, now I need to reserve a room and a rental car.
Travel Agent : I can help you with that, let’s start with the hotel. What are your
travel dates?
Customer
: I am going to arrive in Istanbul on (1).......................................
and I am leaving on the (2)........................................
Travel Agent : So
your
(3).......................................and
you
are
(4)........................................
Customer
: Yes.
Travel Agent : OK. Let’s see what we have... There is a 4-star hotel with special
price for your dates of travel, I strongly recommend this one, it
has been constantly getting great reviews. I have a standard room
for 89 Dollars a day, a deluxe room for 99 a day, and junior suite
for 119 a day.
Customer
: What are the amenities for each room type?
Travel Agent : Each rate includes (5).......................................
Customer
: Good. Those are the ones I need.
Travel Agent : What’s your preferred room type?
Customer
: (6)........................................
Travel Agent : OK. Your room is booked then. Let’s continue with the car. Are
the dates same with the hotel dates?
Customer
: No, (7).......................................
Travel Agent : All right. How about the pick-up and return locations?
Customer
: (8).......................................
Travel Agent : Let me check... We have six locations in Istanbul: Ataturk
International Airport, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport,
Taksim, Sultanahmet, Kad›köy, and Kartal.
Customer
: Let me think... I guess (9).......................................
Travel Agent : And your return location?
11
Customer
: (10).......................................
Travel Agent : OK. What size do you prefer? We have economy, mid-size, and
full-size cars available on the dates you prefer.
Customer
: (11).......................................
Travel Agent : It is 19.85 per day, without insurance. What type of insurance do
you want?
Customer
: (12).......................................
Travel Agent : All right. It is 14.25 per day for both.
Customer
: So the total comes to 34.10 a day, right?
Travel Agent : That’s right. Do you need a child seat or a GPS device?
Customer
: Oh, yes. (13).......................................
Travel Agent : OK, as a matter of fact, GPS comes for free for the customers
who choose the loss-and-damage waiver, so the price will be
same with the GPS.
Customer
: Excellent. I guess we are done here.
Travel Agent : Yes. Let me update your information. What is your customer
number?...
SIRAanS‹ZDE
Complete the following conversation between a passenger and
airline customer
YOUR TURN
representative by using the prompts given in the box below (sentences may vary).
Flight Info
3
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
Travelling from: Ankara
Travelling to: Copenhagen
Date of travel from Ankara to Copenhagen: October 12th, in the morning
‹TAP
Date of travel from Copenhagen to Ankara: November 4th, in theK afternoon
K‹TAP
BOOK
BOOK
T E R N E Airlines,
T
Customer Representative : Thank you for calling Happy‹ NWings
how
INTERNET
may I help you?
Passenger
: Hi! I want to buy a plane ticket from
D‹KKAT
(1).......................... to (2)...........................
ATTENTION
Customer Representative : Sure. Do you want a (3).......................... or
(4).......................... ticket? AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Passenger
: Round-trip, please.
Customer Representative : OK. Do you have exact dates on your mind, or are
your dates flexible?
Passenger
: I have exact dates. I’ll be leaving on
(5).........................., and I’ll be coming back on
(6)........................... And I don’t want a connecting
flight, I want a (7)...........................
Customer Representative : All right. Let me check the times for you... OK, for
your first flight, from (8).......................... to
(9).........................., on (10).........................., we
have a morning flight at 9:00 am, and an afternoon
flight at 3:00 pm, which one do you prefer?
Passenger
: (11)...........................
Customer Representative : OK. How about your return? Morning or afternoon?
Passenger
: (12)..........................
N N
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
12
Customer Representative : All right. Your seats will be assigned during checkin. You reservation will be complete when I get
your name and credit card information...
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
Bu ünitemizde yolculuklarla ilgili planlar yapmay› ö¤reniyoruz. Ünitemizin bu bölümünde size ileriye yönelik planlar yaparken ‹ngilizcede kullan›labilecek yap›lardan örnekler vererek aç›klamalar yap›yoruz.
Planning a trip and talking about one’s plans require use of future forms. In this
section, we focus on different ways of talking about the future.
Present Tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future
‹ngilizcede gelecekle ilgili olarak planlar›m›z› veya düflündü¤ümüz eylemleri anlatmak için farkl› yap›lar kullanabiliriz. Present Continuous (fiimdiki Zaman) ve
Present Tense (Genifl Zaman) yap›lar› gelecek eylemleri, yapm›fl oldu¤umuz uyarlamalar› anlatmak için kullan›labilir. Örnekleri dikkatle inceleyelim.
Present Continuous can be used for talking about the things we have already
arranged to do.
- A : What are your plans for the summer vacation?
B : I’m going to Turkey for a ten-day vacation. (We understand that the
speaker has already made the arrangements for his/her trip to Turkey.)
-A
B
: How will you travel around when you are in Turkey?
: I’m renting a car for local transportation. (We understand that the speaker
has already booked a rental car.)
- Thomas and Maria are visiting their grandparents in Thanksgiving Holiday.
Simple Present can also be used with a future meaning when we talk about
timetables, programs, etc.
Present Tense (Genifl Zaman)
- The plane takes off at 9 a.m. and lands at 3 p.m.
- When do you pick up the rental car?
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
4
SIRAsentences
S‹ZDE
Complete the
by using present continuous or simple present for the
YOUR TURN
future.
1. Next ALIfiTIRMALAR
week I..................(go) Istanbul for a business trip.
EXERCISES
2. I ..................(meet) the representatives of the company we have been doing
business for years.
3. It’s a UYGULAYIN
long flight from New York to Istanbul. My plane ..................(leave)
LET’S TH‹NK
New York at 4 p.m. and it ..................(arrive) in Istanbul at 2 a.m. in New
York time.
K‹TAP
4. The owner
B O O Kof the company I ..................(visit) has made a lot of plans for
my visit.
‹ N T Ewe
R N E..................(have)
T
5. First day
our meetings in the morning.
INTERNET
6. Then we ..................(have) lunch at a nice restaurant overlooking at the
Bosphorous.
D‹KKAT
T E N T I O Nwe ..................(go) to a beautiful jazz concert.
7. In theA Tevening
8. The next day we ..................(fly) to Antalya, a nice city by the Mediterranean.
9. It is AMAÇLARIMIZ
a short flight. The plane ..................(take off) at 10 a.m. and it
OBJECTIVES
..................(land)
at 11:30 a.m.
10. I ..................(come back) to New York after spending two days in Antalya.
N N
13
Will and (be) Going to
Gerek will gerekse (be) going to yap›lar› gelecek planlar› anlatmak için kullan›l›r.
Aralar›nda çok az kullan›m farklar› vard›r. Will daha çok konuflurken planlad›¤›m›z eylemleri anlatmakta (be) going to ise daha çok yapmay› daha önceden planlam›fl oldu¤umuz gelecek eylemlerini anlatmakta kullan›l›r.
We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking.
We use (be) going to when we have already decided to do something.
- A : Jane and Maria are going to Florida for the weekend.
B : Oh really? I didn’t know. I’ll join them. (The speaker has decided to join
them at the time of speaking.)
-A
B
: Jane and Maria are going to Florida for the weekend.
: Yes, I know. I’m going to join them. (The speaker has already made
arrangements to join them.)
-A
B
: What are your plans for the upcoming Christmas Holiday?
: I haven’t made exact plans yet. I guess I’ll visit my parents in Los Angeles.
-A
B
: What are your plans for the upcoming Christmas Holiday?
: First, I’m going to visit my parents in Los Angeles. Then I’m going to go
to Miami for a four-day vacation at resort hotel.
Read the situations and complete the sentences using will orSIRA
(be)S‹ZDE
going to.
YOUR TURN
1. The phone rings at a travel agency and the representative answers. A
customer wants to speak to rental car department. ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
A : Hello. Can I speak to the rental car representative, please.
B : Just a moment. .................. him (I/get).
5
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
2. It’s a nice day. Jack decides to go to the park. Before going
outside, he tells
his friend.
P park (I/go).
Jack : The weather is too nice to stay indoors. ..................K ‹toT Athe
BOOK
Mike : That’s a good idea. I think .................. you (I/join).
‹ N T EAt
R Nfirst
E T you were
3. You saw a vacation advertisement in the newspaper.
INTERNET
interested but then you decided not to go.
Friend : Have you decided what to do about that vacation
D ‹ Kthat
K A T was advertised?
ATTENTION
You
: Yes, .................. to it (I/not/go).
4. John
John :
Ann :
John :
Ann :
N N
has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow
morning.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Ann, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning.
No problem. .................. you (I/take). What time is your flight?
10:50
OK. ..................at about 9 o’clock then (we/leave).
Later that day, Joe offers to take John to the airport.
Joe
: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
John : No thanks, Joe. .................. me (Ann/take).
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
14
Resim 1.7
Making lists and
plans
Courtesy of Stuard
Miles//
alphotos.net
USEFUL INFORMATION
Bu bölümde sizlere tatille ilgili planlar yaparken kullanabilece¤iniz internet sitelerine ait
bilgileri ve konu ile ilgili kullanabilece¤iniz
sözcükleri aç›klamaya çal›fl›yoruz.
Major Car Rental Companies
Hertz: (www.hertz.com)
Represented in over 140 countries,
operating a fleet of 550,000 vehicles from 6,500
locations.
Avis: (www.avis.com)
The world’s second largest general-use car rental business, more than 1,700
locations in the United States, Canada, and world-wide.
National: (www.nationalcar.com)
2,000 locations in the United States, Canada, and world-wide.
Budget: (www.budgetrentacar.com)
A leading car rental company with nearly 2,000 car rental locations in the US,
Canada, and world-wide.
Alamo: (www.alamo.com)
One of the largest vacation rental providers with programs to accommodate
and encourage leisure travel. More than 1200 locations throughout the United
States, Canada, and world-wide. Some location allow customers pick up the car
model.
Dollar: (www.dollar.com)
Offers a large selection of fine quality Daimler Chrysler vehicles.
Enterprise: (www.enterprise.com)
One of the largest rental car company in North America.
Thrifty: (www.thrifty.com)
A value-oriented car rental company that has a significant presence both in the
airport and local car rental markets. More than 1,200 locations in the United States
and world-wide.
Payless: (www.paylessrentalcar.com)
Payless Car Rental is a privately held company with over 135 locations
worldwide.
Major Travel Websites
www.expedia.com - Full service booking and planning site.
www.orbitz.com - Full service travel search and booking site.
www.travelocity.com - Full service search and booking site.
www.bookingbuddy.com - Enables user to search favorite travel sites faster
with fewer clicks.
www.kayak.com - Full service travel search engine.
www.hotels.com - Hotel Booking Specialists.
www.tours.com -Comprehensive listing of Hotels, B&B’s, Apartments, Castles,
Villas, Resorts, Spas, etc.
www.tripadvisor.com - Reviews of hotels, flights and vacation rentals.
15
Vocabulary for Hotel Description
Resim 1.8
http://englishfortouris
mstudies.blogspot.com
/2009/04/english-fortourismvocabulary.html
Vocabulary for Tourist Attraction
Resim 1.9
http://englishfortouris
mstudies.blogspot.com
/2009/04/english-fortourismvocabulary.html
16
Vocabulary - Sözcükler
Car Rental Glossary of Terms
Additional drivers: Additional driver registered and
listed on the rental agreement. This may welcome some
additional charge depending on the rental car provider.
ALI (Additional Liability Insurance): This provides
additional protection for bodily injury or death plus
property damage.
Airport charges: Fees applied by the airport authorities
for terminal and off terminal locations. In most cases,
these costs are also applied to additional charges, such
as one way, fuel option, child, seat rental etc., which
are not included in the daily rate and are paid at the
counter.
CDW (Collision Damage Waiver): Covers the rental
vehicle for accidental damage other than by theft or
attempt of theft. An excess generally applies and the
amount varies depending on country and/or vehicle
type.
ER (Excess Reduction): An optional fee offered by
the car rental company to trim down or waive the
insurance excess in the case of an insurance claim for
damage or theft.
EI (Excess Insurance): The amount the customer is
liable for in case of the rental vehicle is damaged or
stolen, no matter the driver is at fault or not.
LDW (Loss Damage Waiver): Covers the rental vehicle
in case of accidental damage and theft. An excess
generally applies and the fees vary depending on the
country and/or vehicle type.
Liability insurance: The basic insurance coverage that
covers injuries or damage to other people or property
if you’re at fault for an accident.
OWF (One Way Fee): This fee is inflicted to cover the
costs of returning the vehicle back to the original
location.
PAI (Personal Accident Insurance): This insurance
covers the driver and passengers of the rental vehicle
in the event of personal and physical injuries incurred
in accident.
Pick-up location: The location, usually a branch of
the car rental company, that the customer collects the
car.
PLS (Premium Location Surcharge): Fees applied
by car rental companies at selected downtown and
railway locations.
Rental period: Car rental period starts when you pick
up the rental car and ends when you drop off. Rental
periods are based on periods of 24 hours at the time of
pick up
Return location: The location, usually a branch of the
car rental company, that the customer returns the car.
Security deposit: Amount frozen on the client’s credit
card at the time of collecting rental car. Frozen amount
is typically the full insurance excess amount.
Senior driver surcharge: Surcharge payable by senior
drivers more and/or between a specific age.
TP (Theft Protection): Covers the rental vehicle in
case of theft, theft attempt or damage. An excess
generally applies and the amount varies depending on
country and/or vehicle type.
Third Party Insurance: Provides coverage against
injury to persons other than driver of the car and
property damage other than the rental vehicle.
Young driver surcharge: Surcharge payable by young
drivers under a specific age.
Common Terms Used in Online Hotel Booking
Check-in date: The date the guest starts staying at the
hotel.
Check-out date: The date the guest leaves the hotel.
Free cancellation: The guest can cancel or modify the
reservation any time s/he wants without paying any
extra amount of money.
Hotel amenities: Services provided by the hotel to
make the guest’s stay a comfortable and easy one.
Non-refundable: A non-refundable amount of money
cannot be paid back to the customer.
Rate: Usually the price the guest pays per night for the
hotel.
Special rate (price): The rate (price) after a particular
discount applied.
To modify a reservation: To change the check-in or
check-out dates, or room preferences, on a reservation.
17
Common Terms Used in Air Transportation
Aisle seat: A seat on an aircraft that is on the aisle side.
Check-in: The process of reporting your arrival at an airport.
Connected flight: Any flight between two points with at least one stop or change of aircraft.
Direct flight: Any flight between two points without any stops or change of aircrafts.
Landing: The action of bringing an aircraft down to the ground after being in the air
Layover (stopover): A stop between parts of a long plane journey.
One-way ticket: A plane ticket that can be used for traveling from one point to another only, but not for traveling
back.
Point of arrival: The place (city) a plane ends a journey.
Point of departure: The place (city) a plane starts a journey.
Round-trip ticket: A plane ticket that can be used for traveling from one point to another, and for traveling back.
Seat assignment: The act of assigning a seat number by an airline worker for a passenger.
Take-off: The time when a plane leaves the ground and begins flying.
Time (date) of arrival: The time (or date) a flight arrives the point of arrival.
Time (date) of departure: The time (or date) a flight leaves the point of departure.
Window seat: A seat on an aircraft that is on the window side.
Match the expressions with their definitions in the box below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Non-refundable
Free cancellation
Layover (stopover)
Connected flight
Take-off
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Round-trip ticket
Liability insurance
LDW (loss-damage-waiver)
To modify a reservation
Airport charges
1. ……..
Fees applied by the airport authorities for terminal and off terminal locations.
2. ……..
Covers the rental vehicle in case of accidental damage and theft. An excess generally applies and the fees
vary depending on the country and/or vehicle type.
3. ……..
An amount of money that cannot be paid back to the customer.
4. ……..
The guest can cancel or modify the reservation any time s/he wants without paying any extra amount of
money.
5. ……..
To change the check-in or check-out dates, or room preferences, on a reservation.
6. ……..
Any flight between two points with at least one stop or change of aircraft.
7. ……..
The basic insurance coverage that covers injuries or damage to other people or property if you're at fault
for an accident.
8. ……..
A stop between parts of a long plane journey.
9. ……..
A plane ticket that can be used for travelling from one point to another, and for travelling back.
10. ……..
The time when a plane leaves the ground and begins flying.
18
Let Us Test Ourselves Kendimizi S›nayal›m
1. Which of the following is NOT among the steps of
planning a trip, according to the passage ‘Planning a
Trip in 10 Steps’?
a. Establishing a budget
b. Finding a destination
c. Finding friends living close to your destination
d. Packing
e. Booking local transportation
2. Which of the following is NOT among the factors to
consider while booking accommodation, according to
the passage ‘Planning a Trip in 10 Steps’?
a. Getting a good deal
b. Traveler reviews
c. Area of the lodging
d. Free breakfast
e. Free computer games
3. Choose the best option to complete the following
conversation.
A : I’d like to get a quote for a rental in Eskisehir.
B : Yes, sir. What are your .......... and .......... dates?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
take-off / landing
liability / loss damage waiver
check-in / check-out
economy / mid-size
pick-up / return
4. When you rent a car, .......... is the type of insurance
that covers other people or vehicles whereas ..........is
the insurance that covers the rental vehicle.
a. liability / loss damage waiver
b. free cancellation / non-refundable
c. take-off / landing
d. amenity / pick-up
e. one-way fee / rental period
5. Choose the best option to complete following
conversation.
A : I’m looking for a .......... from Moscow to Erzurum,
I don’t want long layovers.
B: I’m sorry but all our flights between those two
locations are ...........
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
take-off / landing
direct flight / connected
non-refundable / free cancellation
stopover / layover
seat assignment / round-trips
6. Choose the best option to complete the following
conversation.
A : Let’s have a party.
B : That’s a great idea. We ..... lots of people.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
are going to invite
invite
will invite
are inviting
are to invite
7. Jack and I have decided to have a party. We .............
lots of people.
a. are going to invite
b. will invite
c. invite
d. inviting
e. are to invite
8. Next weekend I ........... to Mexico, I have already
bought my plane ticket. The plane is scheduled to take
off at 11 a.m. and it ...........at 4 p.m.
a. will go / will land
b. am going/ lands
c. am going to go / is to land
d. will go / may land
e. go / will land
9. A ..................can be used for traveling from one
point to another, and for traveling back.
a. seat assignment
b. point of arrival
c. layover
d. round-trip ticket
e. check-in
10. ................... means to change the check-in or checkout dates, or room preferences, on a hotel reservation.
a. A non-refundable reservation
b. To modify a reservation
c. To cancel a reservation
d. Loss damage waiver
e. A stopover
Answer Keys - Cevap Anahtar›
Answer key for ‘Let Us Test Ourselves’
1. c
2. e
3. e
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. d
10. b
Sentence
True
1.
*
2.
3.
*
*
4.
5.
*
*
6.
*
7.
*
8.
*
9.
*
10.
False
*
Answer Key for ‘It’s Your Turn 1’
1. June 3rd
2. 15th.
3. check-in date is June 3rd
4. checking out on June 15th
5. free breakfast, Wi-Fi, and laundry
6. I guess I will go with the standard room
7. the pick-up date is June 7th, and I am planning to
return it on June 11th
8. What are the available locations?
9. I’ll pick the car up from Sultanahmet.
10. The same.
11. Economy is enough for me. How much is the rate
per day?
12. I want both liability and loss-and-damage waiver.
13. I’ll need a GPS device, but not a child seat
1. Ankara
2. Copenhagen
3. one-way
4. round-trip
5. October 12th
6. November 4th
7. direct flight.
8. Ankara
9. Copenhagen
10. October 12th
11. The morning flight please.
12. Afternoon please.
1. am going to
2. am meeting
3. leaves / arrives
4. am visiting
5. are having
6. are having
7. are going
8. are flying
9. takes off / lands
10. am coming back
1. I’ll get
2. I am going to go / I’ll join you.
3. I am not going to go
4. I’ll take / we’ll leave / Ann is going to take
1. j
2. h
3. a
4. b
5. i
6. d
7. g
8. c
9. f
10. e
19
20
References - Kaynaklar
Murphy, R. (1994). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge:
CUP.
http://englishfortourismstudies.blogspot.com/2009/04/
english-for-tourism-vocabulary.html
http://maiden-voyage-travel.com/tips-for-first-timesolo-travelers
http://www.independenttraveler.com/traveltips/europe/planning-a-trip-to-europe-your-10step-guide
http://www.wikihow.com/Plan-a-Trip
http://www.travels.com/travel-tips/plan-a-trip/stepsplanning-vacation/
http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Car-RentalGlossary-Of-Terms
2
N
N
Turlar ve tur rehberleri hakk›nda,
Onlar›n kullanabilecekleri ‹ngilizce yap›lar ve kal›plar konusunda
bilgi sahibi olacaks›n›z.
• Tours
• Tour Guides
• Language of Tour Guides
• Types of Tourism
Turizm ‹çin ‹ngilizce-II Tours And Tour
Guides
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LET US READ
SITUATION 1
SITUATION 2
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
TRADITIONAL BLACK SEA TOUR
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF TOUR
GUIDES
• USUFUL INFORMATION - FAYDALI
B‹LG‹LER
Tours And Tour Guides
LET US READ
Resim 2.1
Bu ünitemizde turlar, tur organizasyonu ve turlar›n baflar›l› olmas›ndan sorumlu olan
tur rehberleri ve onlar›n özellikleri konusunda bilgi ediniyor ve özellikle tur rehberlerinin kullanabilece¤i ‹ngilizce
yap› ve kal›plardan örnekler
veriyoruz.
Tours
Retrieved from
http://www.dzooom.c
om/company/services
Reading 1
Tours and Package Holidays
Read the text about package tours and answer the questions that follow.
Principles
Transportation+Transfers+Accommodation+Other Services
Tour Operator
Travel Agent
Direct Selling
Clients
Package holidays are also known as package tours. They include all the
necessary things for a good holiday. Package holidays include transport to and
from the destination and transfers between the airport or the station or the port
and the hotel. They also provide tourists food and accommodation at the
destination. If tourists need other services such as a guide or a holiday rep, package
tours are available.
24
Tour operators are the professionals who bring all the elements together to
create a holiday. They buy or reserve in advance from airlines, shipping lines, and
hoteliers. As they buy hundreds of seats and rooms from these tourism partners,
they pay a much lower price than an individual. The tour operator then turns this
into individual packages known technically as inclusive tours (ITs). These are
marketed to the consumers through travel agents or by other systems.
Tour operators sell different types of holidays. The really big operators, the
mass market operators, produce low-cost holidays to traditional sea, sun and sand
destinations like Spain, Greece or Turkey. Other operators limit their product to
customers who want a very specific type of holiday. These specialist operators sell
adventure holidays, holidays for single people, holidays for motor-racing fans, and
so on. Domestic operators specialize in tours for people who want to spend their
holiday in their own country. Incoming tour operators are specialists in providing
holiday packages to visitors coming from abroad.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
1
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
2. To
a.
b.
c.
d.
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
SIRA S‹ZDE
1. Package holidays
YOUR TURNare created by tour operators and then sold through the chain
of distribution. What are the components of a typical package holiday?
a. ____________________________________________________
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
b. ____________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________
UYGULAYIN
d. ____________________________________________________
LET’S TH‹NK
buy in Kbulk
‹ T A Pmeans to buy something
OOK
on theBInternet
in large quantities
‹NTERNET
in secret
INTERNET
a long time before you need to use it
N N
Resim 2.2
D‹KKAT
T T E N T I O N to buy in bulk in tour operation?
3. Why is itAimportant
______________________________________________________________________
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Let me show you the
way
Reading 2
Tour Guides
All tours need someone who can
direct the tour. Tour agencies employ
tour guides for their package or
individual tours so that these tours run
smoothly.
Tour guides play an important role
in tourism industry. They are the ones
who welcome guests, guide them
around, and in general, take care of the
guests of a tour.
Retrieved from
http://prague.tv/clas
sifieds/viewpost.php
?postid=109406
They are responsible for
• meeting and greeting visitors,
• organizing their stay,
• answering their questions in detail,
25
2. Ünite - Tours And Tour Guides
• providing information at tourist sites,
• resolving visitor complaints and concerns,
• overall, making the guests comfortable and the tour a success.
Tour guides must
• have outgoing personalities- patient, energetic
• have good interpersonal skills-courteous, patient, caring, diplomatic,
• understand and manage different cultures,
• have problem solving skills,
• be fluent in different languages,
• be able to organize well,
• have information and knowledge about the tour destinations, and
• have strong communication and presentation skills.
SIRA S‹ZDE
1. What are some of the duties of a tour guide?
YOUR TURN
a. ———————————————————————b. ———————————————————————ALIfiTIRMALAR
c. ———————————————————————EXERCISES
2
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
2. Name some of the personal characteristics that a tour guide
must have.
LET’S TH‹NK
a. ——————————————————————b. ——————————————————————- K ‹ T A P
c. ——————————————————————- B O O K
d. ——————————————————————-
AMAÇLARIMIZ
N N
A City Tour
:
Visitor 1 :
Guide :
Visitor 1 :
Guide
:
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
Read the following conversation between a tour guide andOBJECTIVES
visitors. Then, answer
the questions that follow.
Guide
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
Afla¤›da konuklar›yla tur rehberleri aras›nda farkl› konular› Diçeren
‹ K K A T konuflmalardan
ATTENTION
örnekler bulacaks›n›z.
SITUATION 1
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
If you have any
questions
while
we’re going along,
please don’t hesitate
to ask.
I have a question
actually.
Sure, what’s that?
Where’s the best
place
to
have
breakfast around
here? I’d like to try tomorrow morning.
Well, that’s a hard question. There are so many good restaurants and
breakfast places. My personal favorite is Mavi Nehir. They specialize
in local food.
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Resim 2.3
A tour guide giving
information
Courtesy of Ali
Merç
26
Visitor 1 :
Guide :
Visitor 2 :
Guide :
Visitor 1 :
Guide :
Visitor 1 :
Guide :
Visitor 3 :
Guide :
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
3
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
How do we get there?
I’ll point it out to you when we pass by it. It’s going to come up on
your left in half an hour.
My son wants to know if we’re going to visit any museums today.
Museums? No, I’m afraid all of the museums are further into the city.
We’re going to be staying near the coast today. I can give you a map
of the city, though. It shows where all of the museums are.
Sorry, I’ve got another question.
No problem. That’s what I’m here for.
Are we allowed to take pictures once we get inside the museums?
Oh, I’m glad you asked that. I forgot to mention that taking
photographs inside the art galleries and the museums is not allowed.
However, you can take pictures of the grounds and the outside of the
buildings. The architecture is beautiful.
Oh, thank you, and what time will we be stopping for lunch?
We’ll give a lunch break around noon and meet back at the bus at
12:45 sharp.
SIRA
1. What does
theS‹ZDE
tour guide recommend?
YOUR TURN
______________________________________________________________________
2. Where will
the tour stay for this day?
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
______________________________________________________________________
3. What does the tour guide say tourists are prohibited from doing?
UYGULAYIN
______________________________________________________________________
LET’S TH‹NK
4. What time is the lunch?
______________________________________________________________________
K‹TAP
5. What doesB ‘sharp’
O O K mean?
______________________________________________________________________
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
SITUATION 2
Read the following
conversation between a tour guide and visitors. Then, answer
D‹KKAT
the questions
that
follow.
ATTENTION
N N
Resim 2.4
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Tourists are on
their way to Uluda¤
Retrieved from
http://www.stargun
dem.com/ajanslar/
bursaya-londrausulu-sehirotobusu18830.html
Guide
:
Visitor 2 :
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
A Tour to Mountains
Today, we will be going to
Uluda¤ with a wonderful
view on our way. It’s about
a fifteen-minute bus ride up
to the top of the mountain.
As we go by the narrow
roads, the mountain will
look more majestic to you.
Visitor 1 : I guess we are safe here, are
we?
Yes, you don’t have anything to worry about. We do the daily tour
up the mountain every day, and these tours have been going on for
over ten years without any accidents. You will notice wildlife as we
go up. It is very common to see deers and even bears.
What’s that mountain to the right called?
Guide
:
27
Guide
:
Visitor 3 :
Guide :
Visitor 4 :
Guide :
Visitor 5 :
Guide :
Visitor 5 :
Guide :
Visitor 5 :
Guide
:
That’s Mount Gürbüz. And to the right of that with the three small
peaks is Mount Alaca. Now, if you look straight ahead, you will be
able to see a large eagle’s nest. Can everyone see?
Are there any baby eagles, eaglets?
That’s a good question. I haven’t seen any yet, but we usually see
them around this time of the year.
What’s that lake down there, to the left of the green meadow?
I’m glad you asked. That’s Karagöl, The Black Lake. It’s actually a
man made lake that was built as part of a conservation effort over
thirty years ago. During the 60’s there was a lot of clear cutting of
forests in the area, and much of the wildlife was lost. After Karagöl
was built, ducks, swans, and geese have returned to the area.
Is this the highest mountain in this region?
No, actually, Mount Efe, which you we will be able to see in just a
minute or so has the highest peak. But, this is the highest mountain
for recreational purposes like skiing and guided tours.
Is it possible to ski throughout the year?
No, it warms up enough to actually suntan up here in the summer.
Oh, look everyone. There are two deers feeding in the clearing right
in front of us.
Thanks. That should be a great photo. So, what is there to do besides
skiing at the top of the hill at this time of year?
Oh, there’s plenty to do. We have horseback riding, snowmobile
tours, and a petting zoo for children.
SIRA S‹ZDE
1. Where is this tour taking place?
YOUR TURN
______________________________________________________________________
2. Can the tourists see any wild animals during the tour? ALIfiTIRMALAR
______________________________________________________________________
EXERCISES
3. What does the tour guide do after he points out Karagöl?
______________________________________________________________________
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
4. What is the highest mountain in the region?
______________________________________________________________________
K ‹ Tyear?
AP
5. What are the activities possible in the area at this time of the
BOOK
______________________________________________________________________
6. Which of the following does the tour guide NOT point out during the tour?
‹NTERNET
a. some deer
INTERNET
b. a restaurant
D‹KKAT
c. mountain peaks
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
4
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
N N
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Resim
2.5
OBJECTIVES
Travel Agent offers
you the World
Courtesy of
nokhoog_buchachon
http://www.freedigital
photos.net
28
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA S‹ZDE
Mr. Traver wants
to go on a holiday with his family. He goes to a travel agency
YOUR TURN
and gets some information. But he is confused about the answers he got. Read the
following statements
and put them in the right order to have the full conversation.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Travel Agent:
1. Would you like a hotel just by the sea?
UYGULAYIN
2. I’m afraid
it’s the end of the high season.
LET’S TH‹NK
3. OK. Here are a few brochures about Alanya, with information about hotel
accommodation
and self-catering apartments, too. When would you like to
K‹TAP
travel? B O O K
4. South of Turkey, or the Western part?
N T E R N E T How can I help you?
5. Good ‹ morning.
INTERNET
6. Do you have any particular destination in mind?
Mr. Traver:
D‹KKAT
7. Alanya
A T Twould
E N T I O be
N great.
8. We’d like to go for a week in September. Is that high or low season?
9. OK. Thanks
very much. I’ll have a look at the brochures and think about it.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
10. I’d like
to go away for a holiday with my family - a sunny place.
11. Yes, I’d like a hotel beside a beach.
12. Turkey, I think.
Do¤ru s›ralamay› yapmaya çal›fl›n, daha sonra cevap anahtar› ile karfl›laflt›r›n.
5
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
N N
6
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
SIRAguide
S‹ZDE of a tour to Eskiflehir. Complete the following conversation
You are a tour
YOUR TURN
to respond to tourists.
Eskiflehir’i
daha önce de size tan›tm›flt›k. fiimdi s›ra sizde. Eskiflehir’de rehberlik
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
yap›yormuflsunuz
gibi konuklar›n›zla konuflmaya çal›fl›n. Yukar›da size belirtmifl
oldu¤umuz kal›plardan yararlanmay› unutmay›n.
UYGULAYIN
Resim 2.6
LET’S TH‹NK
River Porsuk, fialale
K ‹ T A Odunpazar›
P
Park,
BOOK
(Atl›han),
Haller
Gençlik Center,
‹ NMeercahum
TERNET
I NMuseum,
T E R N E T Çii
Börek(Eskiflehir
D ‹ specialy)
KKAT
A T Courtesy
T E N T I O Nof Sami
Alt›nay
http://www.gezipgor
AMAÇLARIMIZ
dum.com/eskisehirOBJECTIVES
rehberi/;Yaz›l›kaya,
Courtesy of
http://www.halkevle
ri.org.tr/etkinlikler/
eskisehir-halkevleri
N N
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
You
:
Visitor 1 :
You
:
Visitor1 :
You
:
Visitor 1 :
You
:
Visitor 1 :
You
:
Visitor 2 :
You
:
Visitor 3 :
You
:
Visitor 4 :
You
:
Visitor 4 :
You
:
Visitor 4 :
You
:
Visitor 4 :
You
:
Visitor 4 :
You
:
Hello everyone! My name is..., I’m your tour guide today.
Hello... Eskiflehir is a very beautiful city.
Yes, it is. _________________________________________(1).
I’ve got a question actually.
___________________(2)?
What does ‘Eskisehir’ mean?
_____________________________(3).
Thank you.
_________________________(4)?
I have a question, too. Where is Yaz›l›kaya?
______________________________(5). It’s an hour away from the
city center. We’ll be there tomorrow. Today,
_____________________________________(6).
Which places will we be visiting in the city center?
River Porsuk, Odunpazar› Houses, and Kentpark
Where’s the best place to have lunch around here?
_____________________________(7). There are so many good
restaurants. My favorite is Çi¤börek Palace.
How do we get there?
____________________________________(8). It’s going to come up
on your left in a few minutes.
Thank you. Sorry, I have another question.
______________________________________(9).
What time will we be stopping for lunch? I’m very hungry.
________________________________________________(10).
Half an hour after noon, huh? Isn’t it so short? And I understand that
I’ll miss you if I’m late.
Unfortunately, yes.
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
Bu bölümde özellikle yer, yön ve zaman belirtilirken kullan›lan edatlar üzerinde
duruyoruz. Gerek tur tan›t›mlar›nda gerekse turizm rehberlerinin s›k s›k baflvuraca¤›
bu yap›lardan baz›lar›n› daha önce de sizlere anlatm›flt›k. Ancak, ‹ngilizcenin
yap›s› için çok önemli olan bu yap›lar› s›k s›k tekrarlamak ve aç›klamak bu yap›lar›n
sizlerce daha iyi anlafl›lmas›n› ve daha s›k ve do¤ru kullan›lmas›n› sa¤layacakt›r.
Prepositions of Time
in
Month or Year
Particular time of day or month
or year
Century or specific time in past etc
in July, in 2013
in the afternoon, in summer
in 19th century, in old ages
on
Day
Date
Particular day
on Monday
on July 4th
on Children’s day
at
Time of clock
Short and precise time
at 3 o’clock
at noon, at present
Beginning of an activity and the
duration of that activity
since 1978, for three years, for a long time,
since the beginning of the tour
since &
for
29
30
Prepositions of Place
in
Place with boundary
in Eskiflehir
in the car
in Turkey
on
Surface
on the table
on a map
on the wall
at
Specific place
At the bus stop
At the bottom of the bottle
‹ngilizcede çok s›k kar›flt›r›lan iki yap›y› size aç›klamak istedik.
Arrive in - Arrive at
Arrive in is used with countries, states, and cities.
• What time did you arrive in Eskiflehir?
Arrive at is used with activities, buildings and general locations.
• Everyone except Suna arrived at the meeting place on time.
• All tourists arrived at Atl›han at the same time.
• The tour guide arrived at Eskiflehir coach station earlier than the tourists.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
7
SIRA S‹ZDE
Read the following
tour program and complete the blanks using in/on/at/to.
YOUR TURN
TRADITIONAL
ALIfiTIRMALAR BLACK SEA TOUR
EXERCISES
DAY 1
Arrive _____(1) Trabzon Airport.
UYGULAYIN
UYGULAYIN
____(2)
21.30. Transfer ____(3)
Trabzon
LET’S TH‹NK
LET’S TH‹NK
Courtesy of
the hotel, check-in and light
http://web.kobiline.co
supper
m/web/trabzonspor/
K‹TAP
K‹TAP
DAY 2 TRABZON
BOOK
BOOK
Half-day tour of Trabzon. Try
‹NTERNET
‹NTERNET
‘kuymak’, a traditional meal that
INTERNET
INTERNET
is mostly eaten ____(4) the
morning. Afternoon free for
D‹KKAT
D‹KKAT
shopping. Visit a traditional folk
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
music ‘horon’ ____(5) night.
DAY 3 SÜMELA MONASTERY
AMAÇLARIMIZ
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
____(6) OBJECTIVES
Saturday, we leave after breakfast for Sümela Monastery. It is ____(7)
the region of Maçka____(8)Trabzon.
DAY 4 UZUNGÖL (LONG LAKE)
The lake is ____(9) a distance of 99 km from Trabzon. We make an early start
____(10) dawn to see the sun come up over the lake. Of is ____(11) our way to
Uzungöl.
Resim 2.7
N N
Prepositions of Spatial Relationship
Mekânsal iliflkileri belirten edatlardan bir k›sm›n› sizlere sunuyoruz. Gülen yüzü
takip ederek bu edatlar›n anlam ve kullan›mlar›n› anlamaya çal›fl›n.
Look at the diagrams and follow the smiling face. Try to understand the
meanings of the prepositions used to express spatial relationships.
IN/INSIDE
ON
UNDER/BELOW
BETWEEN
IN TO
THROUGH
ABOVE/OVER
OVER
AGAINST
IN FRONT OF
BEHIND
NEAR
NEXT TO/BY/BESIDE
OUT OF
TOWARDS
ROUND/AROUND
AMONG
UP
OPPOS‹TE
DOWN
ACROSS
31
32
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
S‹ZDE
ResimlerdekiSIRA
görsel
ipuçlar›ndan yararlanarak ve do¤ru edatlar› kullanarak sorular›
YOUR TURN
yan›tlamaya çal›fl›n.
Try to answer
the questions about the pictures using the correct prepositions.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
8
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
1. The boy is ———- the bus stop.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Courtesy of digitalart
OBJECTIVES
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/search
2 a. The bus is traveling —————- the world.
2 b. The children are ———— the bus.
Courtesy of digitalart
3 a. The boy is sitting ———— the books.
3 b. The book is —————— of the boy.
Courtesy imagerymagestic of digitalart
4. The books are flying ———- the girl’s head.
Courtesy Stuart Miles
5. The boy is smiling —————- the books.
Courtesy of photostock
6. Is the turtle walking ————- the airport or
————- the taxi?
Courtesy of Tongdang
7 a. The boy is ———— his bicycle.
7 b. The dog is ————— the bicycle and the
boy.
7 c. The boy is —————- of the dog.
Courteys of AKARAKINGDOMS
33
34
8 a. The house is ———————- the sea.
8 b. The sea is —————— the sun.
Courtesy of Salvatore Vuono
9 a. Pouring milk ——————- a bottle and
9 b. ————————- the glass.
Courtesy of Ambro
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
9
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
S‹ZDE
Go to Let UsSIRA
Read,
How Would They Say : Situation 1 and Situation 2, Sections
YOUR TURN
above. Find out the prepositions of time, place, and spatial relationship and
underline time.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Ünitemizin
bafl›nda okumuz oldu¤unuz Let us Read ve How Would They
Say:Situation 1 and Situation 2 bölümlerini bir kez daha gözden geçirerek bu
bölümlerde UYGULAYIN
zaman ve mekan belirten edatlar› saptamaya çal›fl›n.
LET’S TH‹NK
A LOOK KAT
LANGUAGE OF TOUR GUIDES
‹TAP
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹ N T E RResim
N E T 2.8
INTERNET
Tour Guide helping
D ‹ out
K K Avisitors
T
A T Retrieved
T E N T I O N from
Bu bölümde rehberlerin
kullanabilecekleri kal›p yap›larla s›k s›k karfl›laflabilecekleri
BOOK
konuk sorular›ndan örnekler vermeye çal›fl›yoruz.
‹NTERNET
Here are some of the possible
INTERNET
statements by visitors:
Afla¤›da konuklar›n olas› sorular›nD‹KKAT
dan örnekler bulacaks›n›z.
ATTENTION
• Where is .......... ?
• How long has .......... been here?
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
• Where are we headed (going)now?
• What time does .......... stay open until?
• What else is there to do here?
• Which .......... do you recommend?
• Are we allowed to take pictures?
• What’s that over there? (tourist points)
• Where’s the best place to buy ..........?
N N
http://www.myanm
argeneva.org/touris
AMAÇLARIMIZ
m/holiday/guide_fil
OBJECTIVES
es/guide.htm
• My son wants to know if ..........? (parent asking a question for shy child)
• Do you know where the nearest washroom is?
• Could you tell us where the nearest bank is?
• You don’t happen to have a first-aid kit, do you?
Tour guide, introducing himself/herself and the tour:
• Good morning (afternoon, evening) ladies and gentlemen.
• My name is ........... I will be your tour guide today.
• I would like to welcome you to .............. tours and .............. (name of the
place)
• We will be visiting ..........................
• Our tour will take about 30 minutes (length of the tour)
• Please do not hesitate to ask me any questions that come to your mind.
Here are some of the possible statements by tour guides:
• Do you have a question, Sir?
• Yes? (if you see a hand raised)
• Is there something I can help you with?
• I’ll try my best to answer your questions.
• I’m afraid I don’t have the answer to that. (Sorry I don’t know.)
• That’s an interesting question.
• I wish I knew the answer. (Sorry, I don’t know.)
• Hmm. That’s a tough (difficult) question.
• I’ll have to look into that further.
• I’ll have to ask someone about that.
• Hmm. I’ve never been asked that before.
• Pardon my English; I don’t quite understand your question.
• I’m not sure, but I can find out for you.
Explaining rules:
• You are strictly forbidden from taking photographs inside the museum.
• Please stay on the marked path.
• I’m sure this goes unsaid, but remember to place all trash in the garbage bins.
• Please pay attention to the time. We don’t want to keep the driver waiting.
• Classes are in session, so we need to keep our voices down.
• The bus will be leaving at 5:00 pm sharp.
• You’ll have some free time to look around after lunch.
• Please meet back here in one hour.
Explaining safety:
• Please keep your seatbelts fastened at all times.
• I ask that you keep your hands inside the train.
• As a safety precaution, please stand behind the yellow line.
• For your own safety, we ask that you refrain from putting your arms out the
window.
• Please do not feed the animals.
• Please remain seated until we come to a full stop.
• Please stay with your group at all times.
• Please keep to the sidewalk.
• I do not recommend swimming here. The water is very rough.
• We suggest only carrying small amounts of cash.
• These rules are for your own comfort and safety.
35
36
Explaining etiquette and customs:
• It is customary in our country to tip the friendly bus driver.
• In this region we bow rather than shake hands during a first meeting.
• Though the all-inclusive includes tips for the servers, it does not include tips
for the bellboy.
• To indicate that you want to get on or off the bus simply wave your hand
at the driver.
Patterns used in showing places of interest:
• In front of you is...
• On your right/left you will see...
• Up ahead...
• On your left you will see...
• As we turn the corner here, you will see...
• In the distance...
• If you look up you will notice...
• Off to the north...
• Look to the east...
• To your west...
• In a few minutes we’ll be passing...
• We are now coming up to...
• As you will see...
• You may have noticed...
• Take a good look at...
• I’d like to point out...
• Keep your eyes open for...
Visitors’ Questions about Places of Interest:
• Is that the...you were talking about?
• Are we going to pass the...?
• Are we going to see any...?
• Is it on the right or the left?
• I don’t see it. Can you point it out again?
• Did I miss it?
• Will we see it on the way back?
(Adapted from http://myanmargeneva.org/tourism/holiday/guide_files/guide.htm)
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
10
SIRA S‹ZDE
Afla¤›da bir rehberin
farkl› aç›lardan yapt›¤› aç›klamalar› okuyacaks›n›z. Bu parçalar siYOUR TURN
ze örnekler sunuyor. Dikkatli okuduktan sonra size sorulan sorular› yan›tlamaya çal›fl›n.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
Resim 2.9
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
A scene from
Güzelsulu.
UYGULAYIN
Courtesy
LET’S
TH‹NK of Ali
Merç
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Welcoming tourists:
Hello everyone. My name is
‹smail Gezdirir. On behalf of GezGör Tours I’d like to welcome you
all to Kabahisar. The bus ride to
your hotel will take about forty
minutes. Right now I’d like to take
a minute to introduce you to the
area and discuss some brief safety
precautions. Firstly, I ask that you
remain seated until we reach our
destination and that you do not eat or drink while on the bus. Secondly, please
realize that it is against the law to get drunk in public. Enjoy your vacation, but do
drink responsibly and do not drink and drive.
Describing the location:
I promise you are going to enjoy your stay here in Kabahisar, Türkiye. This is
a beautiful, quiet city where you can relax, sit by the beach, enjoy great meals and
feel very safe. You can walk into town and enjoy the fountains or take a moonlit
walk along the water. Please do not swim here. This is not a safe place to swim
because there is a strong undertow. Güzelsulu is the place to go if you want to
enjoy swimming in the blue sea. You can take a short bus ride from your hotel.
There you will also enjoy entertainment and dancing.
Introducing special events and offers:
Suntan tours offers a variety of special discounts depending on your travel
plans. We have golf packages, as well as guided camel-ride tours, and fishing
boats. There will be a short information session at 2 p.m. in the lobby of the hotel
tomorrow where you can learn all about these offers. We recommend that you do
not purchase packages from street vendors as they are not always hundred percent
reliable. They also may charge you more than what they say. Please take my
advice and allow Gez-Gör tours to book all of your day trips and activities while
you are here.
Offering advice:
If you need to exchange your dollars into Liras, please use a bank or exchange
office. We don’t recommend exchanging your money at the hotel because you won’t
get a fair rate. Some restaurants will accept US dollars or Euros, but you are advised
to exchange your money and pay with Liras. Or, if you prefer, you can always use
your credit cards. Also, if you want to get around the city, or travel to Güzelsulu, we
recommend that you take the local bus rather than a taxi. The bus costs about one
Euro and the driver can give you change if you don’t have the exact amount. If you
decide to take a taxi make sure that you ask for the price before you go.
Closing remarks:
We’re going to be arriving at our hotel in just a few minutes. Please sit back
and enjoy the view of the ocean on the left hand side of the bus as we enter the
city. I ask that you remain in your seats until we have come to a complete stop.
Javier will be meeting us at the bus to help you with your bags. Please double
check to make sure your bag has been taken off the bus. On behalf of Gez-Gör
Tours, have a wonderful vacation in Kabahisar and I hope to see you tomorrow at
the information session.
( ) 1. Tourists are allowed to move around the bus.
( ) 2. It is forbidden to eat or drink on the bus.
( ) 3. It is legally forbidden to drink too much in Kabahisar.
( ) 4. Kabahisar is a very nice place to swim.
( ) 5. Güzelsulu has fun and music as well as an ocean beach.
( ) 6. Tourists can play golf during their vacation if they want.
( ) 7. Gez-Gör tours sometimes provide unreliable and expensive tour packages.
( ) 8. It is better for the tourists to pay cash rather than credit cards.
( ) 9. Taxis in Güzelsulu are very reliable.
( ) 10. ‹smail Gezdirir is the manager of the hotel.
(Adapted from http://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/tour-guidesample-speech.htm)
37
38
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
S‹ZDE
Go to How SIRA
Would
They Say It: Situation 2 again. Read the conversation between
YOUR TURN
the tour guide and the visitors. Then, try to identify the questions and expressions
used by theALIfiTIRMALAR
visitors to ask about the places of interest.
EXERCISES
How Would They Say It: Situation 2 bölümünü yeniden gözden geçirin. Sonra
konuklar taraf›ndan ziyaret edilen mekânlar hakk›nda sorulan sorular› bulmaya
UYGULAYIN
çal›fl›n.
11
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
SIRA S‹ZDE
K ‹ T TURN
AP
YOUR
BOOK
LET’S TH‹NK
12
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
UYGULAYIN
DLET’S
‹ K K ATH‹NK
T
ATTENTION
K‹TAP
BOOK
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
SIRA S‹ZDE
Go to How Would
They Say It: Situation 2 again. Read the conversation between
K ‹ T ATURN
P
YOUR
the tour guide
B Oand
O K the visitors. This time, try to identify the expressions used to
describe theALIfiTIRMALAR
places of interest by the tour guide.
EXERCISES
How Would
‹ N T EThey
R N E TSay It: Situation 2 bölümünü yeniden gözden geçirin. Bu kez
INTERNET
rehber taraf›ndan ziyaret edilen mekanlar hakk›nda yap›lan aç›klamalarda
UYGULAYIN
kullan›lan kal›p
yap›lar› bulmaya çal›fl›n.
N N
DLET’S
‹ K K ATH‹NK
T
ATTENTION
N N
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
USUFULK INFORMATION
- FAYDALI B‹LG‹LER
‹TAP
Bu bölümde
Bsizlere
O O K farkl› turizm türleri hakk›nda genel bilgi vermek istiyoruz.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Afla¤›daki
tabloyu dikkatle inceledikten sonra k›sa aç›klamalar› okuyun.
‹ N T E RResim
N E T 2.10
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Kaynak: http://englishfortourismstudies.blogspot.com/2009/04/english-for-tourism-vocabulary.html
Tourism is basically divided into two main categories: Mass tourism and Niche
tourism.
Mass tourism involves people traveling in large numbers in a short period of
time. They usually travel for fun during their vacation time. Traveling has become
faster and easier in recent years. Therefore, more people travel and try to go
further away from their homes.
Niche Tourism, on the other hand, is the type of tourism that answers the
needs of special interest groups or individuals. Niche tourism can be called special
interest tourism. These interests can be rural, environmental, urban or cultural. For
example; niche tourism for people interested in physical activities or sports includes
adventure tourism such as mountaineering and hiking, the sport travel for golf and
scuba diving. There are many types of niche tourism. You will find the definitions
and names of different types of tourism below.
In all these different types of tourism it is important that a region or a place is
developed for tourism activities. However, these activities must not damage or
finish resources of that region. The term sustainable tourism is used for the
development of a region’s tourism industry in such a way that such improvements
do not damage or finish the resources and attractions that make that specific
region attractive to tourists.
Types of special and individual tourism
accessible tourism
tourism that serves the physically disabled also called
inclusive tourism
adventure tourism
tourism that takes visitors to far away and exotic places
for different types of activities
agritourism
tourism that takes visitors to agricultural areas for
agricultural activities
birth tourism
traveling to another country specifically for child birth
so that the child will be the citizen of that country
bleisure travel
this is a recent term created to mean the combination of
business and fun (the word is formed from business and
pleasure/leisure)
cemetourism
tourism that takes visitors to cemeteries
clubbing tourism
tourism that takes visitors to night clubs and
entertainment venues
cultural tourism
traveling to experience the arts or history of a location
dark tourism
traveling to places associated with death or suffering
disaster tourism
traveling to visit scenes of disaster such as hurricane
(natural disaster) or human disaster such as Ground
Zero in NY
ecotourism
tourism that takes visitors to natural and unspoiled
destinations without disturbing the environment
edutourism
traveling for the purpose of education, self improvement
or intellectual satisfaction; also called intellectual tourism
ethnotourism
traveling to visit and study primitive or less known
cultures
extreme tourism
type of adventure tourism where visitors try dangerous
or physically risky sports and activities
gastro-tourism
traveling to enjoy and experience the food and drinks
of a country or a region. There is a term associated with
this type of visitor gastronaut which means a person
who travels for the purpose of tasting food and drinks
in a region.
health tourism
traveling to find alternative treatments or to visit a health
spa or undergo medical treatment also called medical
tourism
hobby tourism
traveling done by groups of people who share similar
interests and hobbies.
hunting tourism
traveling for the purpose of hunting game animals
usually in the wild or in places created specially for
hunting
39
40
medical tourism
traveling for the purpose of some medical treatmentalso called health tourism
nature-based tourism traveling for the purpose of seeing natural sites and
enjoying different outdoor activities such as bird
watching, fishing
space tourism
a new and very expensive traveling style that involves
going on to space
sport tourism
traveling to participate in a favorite sport such as golf,
to watch a favorite team play or watch a well known
sports attraction such as Formula 1
togethering
a very special type of travel where the family members
travel together or travel to be together in family reunions.
vagabonding
traveling independently for a long period of time on a
very limited budget usually going from one country to
another, from continent to another
voluntourism
traveling for humanitarian purposes or to volunteer for
such activities. The person who does this is called a
voluntourist.
weather tourism
traveling to view and experience extreme weather
conditions such as tornados or hurricanes
Adopted from http://www.travel-industrydictionary.com/weather-tourism.html
There is no precise line between these types of niche tourism. Sometimes
individual visitor may combine one or two different niche tourism types we have
just explained. For example a visitor who is going to watch a hurricane will be
combining weather tourism and adventure tourism.
(Adapted from http://englishfortourismstuoies.blogspot.com/2009/04/englishfortourism-vocabulary.html)
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
13
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
SIRA S‹ZDE
1. What is sustainable
YOUR TURN tourism?
2. Specialized traveling is called ——————————
3. Name theALIfiTIRMALAR
type of niche tourism for the following traveling activities.
EXERCISES
a. Traveling
to watch the Olympics.
b. Traveling to see the Northern Lights
UYGULAYIN
c. Traveling
to attend an academic conference
LET’S TH‹NK
d. Traveling to taste the kebaps of Gaziantep
e. Traveling
K ‹ Tto
A PLake Manyas to watch the birds
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
41
activities: things to do
ancient: very old
architecture: design of a building
arrive: reach a destination
art gallery: place to look at professional paintings and
drawings
attractions: places for tourists to see
beautiful/gorgeous: very nice looking
breathtaking: when a view is very impressive
castle: a building for royalty
church: a place to worship God
close: to finish
conveniences: things that make life easier
custom: something people of a region do often
customary: traditional
dangerous: not safe
depart: leave
devastating: very sad, unfortunate
elegant: attractive, yet simple
enjoy: have a good experience
enormous: very large
exception: something/someone that does not follow
the usual rules or expectations
exciting: makes one feel very happy/energetic
expect: think that something will be/happen a certain
way
extensive: covers a lot
fascinating: very interesting to learn about/see
grocery store/supermarket: place to buy food to take
home
heritage: places or customs of historical importance
highlight: the best part
international: around the world
legend: a person or story known for a long time
lobby: front entrance
locals: people who live in an area
location: place where something can be found
lovely: very nice (appearance or personality)
magnificent: exceptionally beautiful, breathtaking
map: shows roads and directions to places
market: place to buy fresh food and homemade items
monument: a statue/structure that honors an event or
person
museum: a place where historical items or works of art
are displayed
necessities: things that people need for everyday living
permit: allow
popular: liked by many
postcard: a card with a picture on one side(usually an
object or place that tourists see) that can be mailed
without an envelope
proceed: go forward
questions or concerns: things that tourists may want
to say or ask
raise (a hand): lift
recommend: suggest
reconstructed: built again
refer: suggest
relax: sit back and enjoy time in peace
request: something that has been asked for politely
ritual: tradition, custom, action (religious or cultural)
that people do often
safe: not dangerous
scenery: natural beauty to look at
scenic: nice to look at (nature)
settlers: people who first made a home in an area
show someone around: take people to see an area
sit back: relax in a seated position
site: place, location
speak up: talk louder
stairway/stairwell: steps going up or down
street people: people who live on the street, often
begging for money
superb: very good (i.e. service, food, entertainment)
surroundings: things that you see around you
thrilling exciting
unbelievable: too amazing/strange to seem true
visible: able to be seen
voice: the sound you make when speaking
voucher: a piece of paper that shows you have paid
42
1. There are many ____ for kids including a zoo and a
museum.
a. attractions
b. bearings
c. conveniences
d. surroundings
e. settlers
6. As you can see, the damage caused by the recent
hurricane is very ____.
a. popular
b. devastating
c. elegant
d. ancient
e. thrilling
2. It is difficult to get your ____ in this city, so please
carry a map at all times.
a. attractions
b. bearings
c. conveniences
d. surroundings
e. settlers
7. We are coming up to the waterfall I mentioned
earlier, which in my opinion is the most ____ part of
this tour.
a. safe
b. enormous
c. reconstructed
d. customary
e. scenic
3. The ____ will try to sell you their homemade
jewellery and housewares.
a. monuments
b. necessities
c. customers
d. locals
e. settlers
8. I have to wake up tomorrow _____ 6:00.
a. at
b. in
c. on
d. to
e. for
4. You will find a free shuttle____with your airline
ticket.
a. site
b. window
c. voucher
d. monument
e. stairwell
9. This zebra lives ____ a zoo. The zoo is located _____
San Diego.
a. at/in
b. in/in
c. in/on
d. in/at
e. at/at
5. In order to appreciate the ____of the building, you
really need to get off the bus and get closer to it.
a. architecture
b. site
c. stairway
d. market
e. voice
10. He went for a walk ______ the woods and did some
bird watching ______ the way.
a. against/towards
b. above/on
c. for/over
d. to/for
e. in/along
43
Answer key to your turn 1
1. a. Transport to and from the destination
b. Transfers between the airport/station/port and
the hotel
c. Food and accommodation at the destination
d. Other services such as a guide or a holiday rep
2. b
3. It is cheaper.
1. a. meeting and greeting visitors
b. answer visitor’s questions in detail
c. resolving visitor complaints and concerns
2. a. having outgoing personalities- patient, energetic
b. having good interpersonal skills-courteous,
patient, caring, diplomatic,
c. having problem solving skills,
d. being fluent in different languages,
1. His favorite breakfast saloon.
2. Seeing a bridge
3. Taking pictures of the art
4. Around 12:00 (noon)
5. Exactly
and self-catering apartments, too. When would you like
to travel?
Mr. Traver: We’d like to go for a week in September.
Is that high or low season?
Travel agent: I’m afraid it’s the end of the high season.
Mr. Traver: OK. Thanks very much. I’ll have a look at
the brochures and think about it.
1. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to
ask
2. Sure, What is it
3. It means ‘Old City’
4. Any other questions
5. I’m glad you asked
6. We will be in the city center
7. Well, that’s a hard question
8. I’ll point it out when we pass it
9. No problem. That’s what I’m here for
10. We’ll give a lunch break around 12 and meet back
at the bus at 12:30 p.m. sharp
1. On the way up a mountain on a bus
2. Yes, deers, even bears
3. He provides a brief history of it.
4. Mount Efe
5. Horseback riding, snowmobile tours, and a petting
zoo visit for children
6. A restaurant (b)
1. at
2. at
3. to
4. in
5. at
6. On
7. in
8. in
9. in
10. at
11. on
Travel agent: Good morning. How can I help you?
Mr. Traver: I’d like to go away for a holiday with my
family - a sunny place.
Travel agent: Do you have any particular destination
in mind?
Mr. Traver: Turkey, I think.
Travel agent: South of Turkey, or the Western part?
Mr. Traver: Alanya would be great.
Travel agent: Would you like a hotel just by the sea?
Mr. Traver: Yes, I’d like a hotel beside a beach.
Travel agent: OK. Here are a few brochures about
Alanya, with information about hotel accommodation
1. at
2 a. around
2 b. on
3 a. on
3 b. in front of
4. over
5. between
6. towards/towards
7 a. on
7 b. behind
7 c. infront of
8 a. near/by/next to
44
8 b. under
9 a. out of
9 b. into
From Let us Read
Package holidays include transport to and from the
destination and transfers between the airport or the
station or the port and the hotel.
They also provide tourists food and accommodation at
the destination.
They buy in advance and in bulk from the principals
such as airlines, shipping lines, and hoteliers.
Incoming tour operators are specialists in providing
holiday packages to visitors coming from abroad.
How would they say? Situation 1
Where’s the best place to have breakfast around here?
It’s going to come up on your left inhalf an hour.
We’re going to be staying near the coast today.
Are we allowed to take pictures once we get inside
the museum?
I forgot to mention that taking photographs inside the
art gallery and the museum is prohibited.
We’ll give a lunch break around noon and meet back
at the bus at 12:45 sharp.
How would they say? Situation 2
And to the right of that with the three small points is
Mount Alaca.
Now, if you look up straight ahead, you should be
able to see a large eagle’s nest.
I haven’t seen any yet, but we usually see them around
this time of year.
No, actually, Mount Efe, which you we will be able to
see in just a minute or so has the highest peak.
No, it warms up enough to actually suntan up there in
the summer.
There are two deer feeding in the clearing right in
front of us.
So, what is there to do besides ski at the top of the hill
at this time of year?
1. F
6. T
2. T
7. F
3. T
8. F
4. F
9. F
5. T
10. F
Visitors’ Questions:
I guess we are safe here, are we?
What’s that mountain to the right called?
Are there any baby birds?
What’s that lake down there, to the right of the green
meadow?
Can you ski throughout the year?
So... what is there to do besides ski at the top of the hill
at this time of year?
Tour Guide’s Descriptions:
It’s about a fifteen minute bus ride up to the top of the
mountain.
And to the right of that with the three small points is
Mount Alaca.
If you look up straight ahead, you should be able to
see a large eagle’s nest.
Does everyone see it there?
That’s Karagöl, The Black Lake.
This is the highest mountain for recreational purposes
like skiing and guided tours.
Oh, look everyone. There are two deer feeding in the
clearing right below us.
1. Sustainable tourism means to develop a region for
tourism without damaging the environment and
finishing the resources.
2. Niche tourism
3. a. sports tourism
b. weather and combined
c. intellectual tourism or edutourism
d. gastro-tourism
e. nature based tourism
ANSWER KEY TO LET US TEST OURSELVES
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. a
6. b
7. e
8. a
9. b
10. e
Branislav, Rabotić. 2010. Tourist Guides In Contemporary
Tourism, International Conference on Tourism
and Environment, Sarajevo.
Novelli, Marina. (Ed). 2005. Niche tourism: Contemporary
Issues, Trends and Cases. Burlington, Ma.:
Elsevier Butterworh-Heinemann
http://travelblog.viator.com/top-10-characteristics-of-agreat-tour-guide/
http://www.discovertourism.com.au/touroperators/tour-guide
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/594/
http://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/tourguide-answering-questions.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/tourguide-interest.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/tourguide-sample-speech.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/tourguide-vocabulary.htm
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/preps_paragraph.
html
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com
http://info.newkerala.com/top-travel-destinations-ofthe-world/main-types-of-tourism.html
http://englishfortourismstuoies.blogspot.com/2009/04/
english-fortourism-vocabulary.html
http://www.myanmargeneva.org/tourism/holiday/guid
e_files/guide.htm
45
3
N
N
N
N
Kitle turizmi konusunu inceleyecek,
Kitle turizminin olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini tart›flacak,
Turlar konusunda bilgi edinmeyi ö¤renecek ve
‹ngilizcede tan›mlar yaparken kullan›lan s›fatlar› hangi s›rada s›ralayabilece¤iniz hakk›nda bilgi edineceksiniz.
• Mass Tourism
• Effects of Mass Tourism
• Use of Adjectives in Tourism
Documents
•
•
•
•
Mass Tourism
LET US READ
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF
ADVERTISING IN TOURISM
INDUSTRY
• CALL OUR AGENCY TODAY AND
MAKE YOUR RESERVATION
• A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
• USEFUL INFORMATION
Mass Tourism
LET US READ
Bir önceki ünitemizde Faydal›
Bilgiler bölümünde size farkl›
turizm türleri konusunda bilgi
vermifltik. Bu ünitemizi Kitle
Turizmi ile ilgili bilgi vermeye
ve kitle turizmi kapsam›nda yer
alan etkinliklerde geçebilecek
olas› ‹ngilizce yap›lar›n› sizlere
tan›tmak amac› ile düzenledik.
‹ki okuma parças›ndan birisi
Kitle Turizmini tan›t›yor, di¤eri
ise olumsuz yönlerini anlat›yor.
Mass Tourism and Its Effects
Part 1 - What is Mass Tourism?
The words tourist and tourism are quite modern, but tourism is much older. People
have always traveled to distant parts of the world in order to see great buildings
or works of art, to learn new languages, or simply for pleasure. Nowadays, however,
organized tourism is an enormous industry all over the world, and many national
economies depend on it. In the past tourism meant traveling to foreign countries,
but now it also includes traveling within your own country. The last century saw
the growth of mass tourism, with package tours to holiday resorts in the sun. Mass
tourism means large numbers of people visiting a specific location because of its
attractiveness. The form of attractiveness may change: it may be warm weather
and beautiful beaches, such as Turkey’s Mediterranean coast; or it may be a very
large, historical city, such as Rome. No matter what the attraction is, mass tourism
means that a lot of visitors arrive for vacation and they spend money on hotels,
restaurants, entertainment, tours, etc.
Resim 3.1
Mass tourism fills
out the beaches
http://www.dailymail.
co.uk/news/article2178123/UKweather-forecastHottest-day-yeartoday-temperatures30-5C.html
48
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA S‹ZDE
Decide whether
the following sentences are ‘True’ or ‘False’ according to the
YOUR TURN
passage ‘’Mass Tourism and Its Effects: Part 1 - What is mass tourism?’.
1
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Sentence
False
1. Tourism, meaning traveling to distant places to explore, is not a new
concept.
UYGULAYIN
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
LET’S TH‹NKtourism is a big industry, it does not have a significant
2. Although organized
effect on the economy of countries.
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹ Tword
A P ‘tourism’ meant traveling within one’s own country,
3. In the past KBthe
OOK
today it also means traveling to foreign countries.
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
4. The term ‹‘mass
is limited with people visiting resort hotels at
N T E R tourism’
NET
coastal areas.
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
True
5. People arriving at touristy places for mass tourism are ready to spend a
D‹KKAT
lot of money.
N N
Resim 3.2
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Tropical island untouched
OBJECTIVES
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/search?q=tropical+islands&
hl=nl&prmd=imvnsl&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=uni
v&sa=X&ei=tt2WUITsCa6P4gT9lYCoDw&ved=0CE8
QsAQ&biw=1280&bih=683
Resim 3.3
Tropical Island: A little crowded?
Retrieved from
http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=nl&sa=X&biw=1280
&bih=683&tbm=isch&prmd=imvnsl&tbnid=bzl0BPxD
ybMvzM:&imgrefurl
Mass Tourism and Its Effects
Part 2 - Negative Effects of Mass Tourism
Coconut Island is a beautiful, tropical island with, of course, coconut palms,
golden beaches and clear blue sea. I’m sorry, I made a mistake there. Coconut
Island was a beautiful island. There are still coconut palms, golden beaches and
clear blue sea but not like before. So, what happened?
Well, the beach is full of people, sun beds and umbrellas. The sea is full of
speedboats, noisy jetskis and surfers. There are fewer palm trees because there are
more and more buildings. Hotels, holiday resorts, guest houses, restaurants,
swimming pools... you name it, Coconut Island has it. Paradise is no longer here,
but the Paradise Hotel is.
Perhaps I’m the only one who has a problem with this? The tourists seem
happy: the weather is wonderful, the food is tasty and cheap, and the sea is warm.
The local people seem happy: there are many people selling things on the beach,
49
3. Ünite - Mass Tourism
there are lots more jobs and better roads. The developers are certainly happy,
there is building work everywhere. So, why am I unhappy?
Well, I have a friend who was here five years ago. Her photo album is full of
wonderful pictures of empty beaches. Also she has pictures of small, wooden
bungalows on the beach. No need to book, she said, just turn up and you have
the place to yourself - very basic, very cheap, very quiet and very peaceful.
Not anymore! The beach is never empty - it’s packed all day! There is music
blaring from the cafés, children are shouting and screaming, and the hotels are
very expensive. Most of the hotels are full of holidaymakers who booked their trip
months ago. I’m lucky to have a small room at the back of one hotel, and it’s still
expensive.
But perhaps this is progress? Not only are the roads better but there is also a
new medical clinic. The local kids now speak English ‘Mister, mister, you want tshirt?’ and there are many new businesses opening all the time.
Then I see an old woman trying to cross the road from her house to the shops.
It’s no longer a small, quiet road but a large and very busy one. She looks nervous
and waits for someone to walk with her. The children no longer ride bicycles but
race around the island on motorbikes. It’s not so safe either - my friend stayed in
a bungalow on the beach that had no lock. Now the hotel room says it’s a good
idea to put things in the safe box.
Is this progress?
(Retrieved from: http://www.onestopenglish.com/skills/reading/pdf-content/
reading-lessons-tourism-elementary-reading-text/154735.article)
S‹ZDE
Compare Coconut Island now with the Coconut Island fiveSIRA
years
ago. Complete
YOUR TURN
the following table; just make notes, not full sentences.
changes
Coconut Island 5 years ago
accommodation
Cheap bungalows
scenery
employment
transport
noise
security
Thomas needs to go away for a nice holiday. He
goes to the travel agency. The following is the
conversation between Thomas and the Travel
Agent.
Travel Agent: Good morning. How can I help you?
Thomas:
I’d like to go away for a holiday somewhere I can taste the wildlife.
Travel Agent: Do you have any particular
destination in mind?
Thomas:
Australia would be nice, I think.
2
ALIfiTIRMALAR
Coconut
Island now
EXERCISES
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Expensive hotels and resorts
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Resim 3.4
D‹KKAT
Going somewhere?
ATTENTION
Courtesy of
sdmania
“http://www.freedigi
AMAÇLARIMIZ
talphotos.net”
OBJECTIVES
N N
50
Travel Agent: We have very nice Australian Outback tours. As a matter of fact,
right now there is an early-bird special offer. Would you be
interested in an Australian Outback tour?
Thomas:
Sure, why not!
Travel Agent: Wonderful. Here is a brochure about the tour. Take a look at the
brochure, and just give us a call when you decide.
Thomas:
OK. Thanks very much. I’ll have a look at the brochure and think
about it.
The following is the brochure about the Australian Outback Tour.
Australian Outback Tours
2013- Early Bird Offers SAVE up to $500 per person
Australian Outback http://spiritsafaris.com/tours.htm
Australian Outback Tours & Journeys 2013
• Outback Australia safari tours.
• Small group luxury 4WD camping or accommodated tours or private
charter tour to remote nature.
• Wandjina and Gion Gion ( Bradshaw ) rock art sites with Aboriginal
teachers.
• Meet Aboriginal artists and buy Aboriginal art from source.
• Kimberley, Kakadu, Uluru
• Sydney Blue Mountains, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Coast, South Coast.
• Multi day tours depart Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Alice Springs, Uluru
(Ayers Rock), Broome, Darwin
Imagine ...the Adventure of Your Life ...
Call us for extra information!!!.
Retrieved from http://spiritsafaris.com/tours.htm
Thomas reads the brochure and then calls the travel agent for extra information.
Suppose that you are the Travel Agent and answer his questions by using the
information provided about the tour in the table below. Do not forget that the
table provides the basic information; it is your duty, as a travel agent, to give the
information in an attractive and persuading manner. After completing this exercise,
do not forget to see the sample answers given at the end of this unit.
51
•
Small group luxury 4WD travels (usually 4-6, maximum 8 people).
•
Professional and experienced driver / guides.
•
Long established relationships with local Aboriginal people enriches experiences.
•
Access to remote areas and rock art sites unreachable by most tour vehicles.
•
Delicious meals, including vegetarian. Local and international tastes.
•
Accommodated or camping options - gear which is modern and easy to use.
•
All World Heritage and National Park entry and accommodation fees.
•
Aboriginal Art community visits for "direct from artist" purchases.
SIRA S‹ZDE
1. A: What is the maximum number of people in the tour vehicles?
YOUR TURN
B: ............................................................................
2. A: Are the drivers experienced?
B: ............................................................................
3. A: Will I get in touch with local people?
B: ............................................................................
3
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
4. A: What makes you different from other tour operators? B O O K
B: ............................................................................
5. A: What about the food?
B: ............................................................................
6. A: Do we stay at hotels or do we camp?
B: ............................................................................
7. A: Do I need to pay any extra fees?
B: ............................................................................
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
8. A: Will I have the opportunity to purchase some local art products?
B: ............................................................................
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISING IN
TOURISM INDUSTRY
Turizmde en önemli etmenlerden birisi tan›t›md›r. Bu bölümde size bu tan›t›m broflürlerinde kullan›labilecek yap›lar
ve sözcük seçimleri konusunda bilgi aktarmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
Advertisements in tourism industry, or language of travel
agents, include factual information presented in a creative
and interesting manner. Travel agents are required to inform
customers correctly about holiday destinations while
presenting those destinations as attractive holiday spots.
The following expressions are commonly used in
tourism industry while advertising a holiday spot:
• blue skies, golden sands, and azure seas
• picturesque views
• sample some of the local delicacies
• enjoy a warm, tropical climate
• verdant, rolling hills
Resim 3.5
Advertising Tours 1
http://www.faceboo
k.com/pages/Easter
n-Cape-Parks-andTourismAgency/145616462
118774?sk=photos_
stream#!/photo.php?
fbid=14638907204
1513&set=pb.14561
6462118774.2207520000.13522
54959&type=3&the
ater
52
Resim 3.6
Advertising Tours 2
http://www.invisible
pr.com/onlinefacebookmarketingcampaign-byjapan-tourismagency-powderdash/
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
located in a lively area
off the beaten track
friendly locals
in the beating heart of the city
beach nearby
constant breeze
cozy
elegant decor
free breakfast buffet
friendly innkeepers
gourmet dining
garden view
• get to meet the locals
• guaranteed upgrade
• kids eat free
• no-tipping policy
• old-world atmosphere
• romantic dining
• sophisticated ambiance
• unspoiled tranquility
• best kept secret
• sun-dappled
• sun-speckled
• sun-splashed
• exotic
• gem
• jewel
• oasis
• paradise
• treasure trove
• breathtaking
The following are the important features of an attractive travel brochure:
• good, attractive layout with well-organized content and attractive pictures
• attractive introduction to the destination at the center of the brochure
• clear paragraphs to divide the information
• using pictures to support paragraphs
• use of simple and easy-to-understand words
• short and concise sentences
• descriptive language to help the reader understand and imagine the
destination
• use of simple grammar
• use of a person-to-person manner of speaking
53
Here is an example for you. Try to use the language the way we suggested.
Use attractive photographs to support your words.
Resim 3.7
Courtesy of Hall
Brindley
talphotos.net”
Resim 3.8
Discover the Wonders of Africa
Courtesy of
Worradmu
talphotos.net”
Enjoy This Unique Safari
Nature lovers’ and adventurers’ dream
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soak in the sun;
Enjoy the colors and scenery;
Travel the vast open plains;
Camp under the big African sky;
Get off the beaten track;
Our safe open safari trucks will get you
around safely;
• Take that one perfect picture of the wild
life you always wanted to see;
• Camp sites that will make you fall asleep
to the sounds of Africa;
• Prepare yourself for a unique once-ina-lifetime African experience.
Resim 3.9
Courtesy of Rob
Bonneywell
talphotos.net”
CALL OUR AGENCY TODAY
AND MAKE YOUR
RESERVATION
SIRA S‹ZDE
Prepare the simple content of a brochure describing a popular
holiday spot in
YOUR TURN
Turkey. Follow the suggestions and use some of the expressions mentioned above.
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
Order of Adjectives
4
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
‹ngilizcede Türkçede de oldu¤u gibi tan›mlar yaparken tan›mlad›klar›m›z› daha iyi
anlatabilmek için s›fatlar kullan›r›z. S›fatlara somut veya soyut nesne, kifli veya meK‹TAP
kan tan›mlar› yaparken s›k s›k baflvururuz. Ancak, tan›mlamaya
ismin
B O çal›flt›¤›m›z
OK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
54
önüne birden fazla s›fat getirmek istersek bu s›fatlar› nas›l s›ralayabiliriz? Bu bölümde size bu konuda ipuçlar› vermeye çal›fl›yoruz.
• Sometimes we use two or more adjectives while describing things or places:
- We rented a nice, old house for our vacation in the mountains
- In front of the house there is a beautiful, large, round, wooden table.
• Adjectives like large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They give factual
information about age, size, color, shape etc.
• Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives. They describe what
somebody thinks of something or somebody.
• Opinion adjectives are usually used before fact adjectives.
- A nice, long summer holiday
- delicious, hot vegetable soup
- wonderful, sandy beaches
• Sometimes two or more fact adjectives are used together. Very often (but
not always) fact adjectives are used in the following order:
1. how big?
2. how old?
3. what color?
4. where from?
5. what is it made of?
- big brown eyes (1-3)
- a small black plastic ball (1-3-5-)
- an old Turkish song (2-4)
- a large wooden box (1-5)
• Adjectives of size and length (tall/short/long /big/small) are usually used
before adjectives of shape and width (round/thin/wide /narrow).
- a tall, thin boy
- a short, narrow street
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
5
SIRA S‹ZDE
Put the adjectives
in brackets in the correct position.
YOUR TURN
1. an unusual ring (gold)
an unusual gold ring
2. a newALIfiTIRMALAR
sweater (nice)
..............................
EXERCISES
3. an old house (beautiful)
..............................
4. an American film (old)
..............................
UYGULAYIN
5. a long
face
(thin)
..............................
LET’S TH‹NK
6. a sunny day (lovely)
..............................
7. a wideK road
..............................
‹ T A P (long)
O O K (old/lovely)
8. a littleBvillage
..............................
9. an old painting (interesting/French)
..............................
‹ N Tbox
E R N E(black/small)
T
10. a metal
..............................
INTERNET
N N
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
55
USEFUL INFORMATION
Top 10 Things Every Travel Agent Should Do Right Now
The ideas in this list are things that
every travel agent can do in order to
adapt to today’s environment, in
which travelers want personalized
attention, good value, and the
convenience of the Internet.
1. Specialize: Pick a few
destinations or activities and
resolve to be a better expert at
them than anyone else.
Consumers now have access to
so much travel information,
particularly at their fingertips
via the Internet that they have
themselves become “generalist travel agents.” When they seek help, they’re
seeking a true specialist.
2. Personalize: Differentiate yourself from self-service online solutions, instead
give consumers highly personalized service, recommendations, etc.
3. Develop a repertoire of unique experiences: It’s all about selling experiences.
The more unique, the more value you’re adding. The more you can get
clients access to special events or people, the more differentiated you are.
4. Be complex: Consumers can book the simple trips themselves. Travelers
really need agents for complex trips such as longer international trips or
cruises. Your energy and specialization should be on these complex trips.
5. Work with net rates rather than take commission: Especially for custom
tours, agents should consider getting net rates from suppliers and rather
than taking commission. This gives pricing flexibility and better cash flow.
6. Constantly do a self-check: Am I delivering the best value? The market is
continuously changing. For all the products and services that you offer,
check if you are getting competitive rates?
7. Be prepared to answer questions about yourself: Be prepared for the following
suggestions: “Tell me about yourself and your agency,” or “What makes you
different from other agents?”
8. Be a “trusted advisor”: Most agents can sell a lot more if they can be perceived
as a trusted advisor. This means good relationship-building and trust-building
skills.
9. Have a good website: Agent websites need three key things: good design +
interesting content + easy to maintain/update.
10. Engage with social media: Have a Facebook Page for your travel business.
Get your clients to be fans and to post reviews of your services.
(Adapted from http://www.tnooz.com/2011/03/16/how-to/top-20-thingsevery-travel-agent-should-do-right-now-online-and-offline/)
Resim 3.10
Helping people with
their travels
Courtesy of nirods
talphotos.net”
56
The following sentences are used frequently by travel
agents. For each sentence, choose one of the two word
options that best completes the sentence. Use your
dictionary when needed.
1. There are no seats available for the date that you
(requested/recalled).
2. How (flexible/changeable) are you? (= How much
are you willing/able to change your schedule?)
3. Would you be (interesting/interested) in renting a
car while you’re there?
4. We’ve got some great (deals/dealings) on airplane
tickets to Dubai right now.
5. That flight is (full/complete). Let’s try to find you a
seat on another flight.
6. The (layover/takeover) (= time you have to wait for
your connecting flight) in Paris is two hours.
7. We can (arrange/make) (= organize) your entire
trip.
8. Will you be traveling (alone/lonely)?
9. I booked you a flight on October 1st,
(returning/coming) on October 15th.
10. You also qualify for a 10% senior (discount/deal).
(= 10% reduction in price for older people)
11. Will this be a one-way ticket, or a (roundtrip/return) ticket?
12. I’ve heard nothing but (positive/benefits) things
about this resort.
13. Are
you
interested
in
buying
travel
(insurance/assurance)?
14. This is probably your best (option/optional).
15. We have a lot of (package/box) deals (= deals which
include air, hotel, and sometimes food/drinks) to
Cuba and the Dominican Republic right now.
16. You can (upgrade/increase) to a four-star hotel for
$200 more.
17. You’ll have to (confirm/conform) your reservation
by the end of tomorrow.
18. The ticket has to be (purchased/presented) (=
bought) by Thursday.
19. To pay in (full/complete) = To pay the entire/whole
price
20. A passenger’s (itinerary/journey) is their proposed
route of travel (travel plan).
Answer questions 1-3 according to the reading passages
in the Let Us Read section of this unit.
1. ................ means large numbers of people visiting a
specific location because of its attractiveness.
a. Itinerary
b. Discount
c. Mass tourism
d. Tourist
e. Tourism
2. In mass tourism, the form of attractiveness
....................
a. depends on the local people
b. depends on the travel agency
c. may change
d. is always a warm weather and beautiful beaches
e. is always an old historic city
3. The effects of mass tourism ..............
a. are not always positive
b. are always negative
c. are always positive
d. depend on the travel agencies
e. depend on the governments
4. Which of the following is NOT among the
expressions travel agents may use while describing a
place?
a. blue skies
b. azure seas
c. off the beaten track
d. friendly locals
e. high crime rates
place?
a. in the beating heart of the city
b. located in a lively area
c. far from attractions
d. verdant, rolling hills
e. golden sands
57
place?
a. breathtaking
b. gem
c. exotic
d. sun-speckled
e. sun-dried
place?
a. exotic
b. treasure trove
c. paradise
d. compelling
e. sun-dappled
8. In which of the expressions the adjectives are NOT
in the correct order?
a. a boring long winter
b. delicious hot chicken soup
c. exotic sandy beaches
d. long breathtaking beaches
e. an enjoyable long summer vacation
9. You need to call the hotel and .................. your
reservation at least one week before your check-in date.
a. confirm
b. purchase
c. request
d. return
e. clean
10. It is possible to .................... to a full-size rental car
from a mid-size only by paying 10 Dollars a day.
a. discount
b. arrange
c. upgrade
d. purchase
e. itinerary
Answer key for ‘Let Us Test Ourselves’
1. c
2. c
3. a
4. e
5. c
6. e
7. d
8. d
9. a
10. c
Sentence
True
1.
*
False
2.
*
3.
*
4.
*
5.
*
Changes
Coconut
Island 5 years
ago
Coconut Island now
accommodation
cheap
bungalows
expensive hotels and
resorts
scenery
empty beaches, beaches full,many
lotsof palmtrees buildings
employment
fewer jobs
people sell things on
thebeach, new
businesses inc. hotels
and restaurants
transport
small
roads,bicycles
big roads,motorbikes
noise
quiet and
peaceful
v. noisy–music, jet skis
security
safe, no need
for lock
need to use safe box
58
1. B: We provide small group luxury travel. There are
usually 4 to 6 people, it is never more than 8.
2. B: Of course! We always work with professional
and experienced drivers and guides.
3. B: Absolutely! Out tour guides have long established
relationships with local Aboriginal people. The
result of this is an enriched experience for you!
4. B: We guarantee access to remote areas and unique
rock art sites. Those sites are unreachable by
most other tour vehicles.
5. B: We guarantee delicious meal throughout the
whole tour. You will have a chance to taste a
variety of local and international food and
beverages.
6. B: It’s up to you! You can stay at a comfortable hotel
or we can add you to one of our camping groups.
By the way, just for your information, you don’t
have to worry about the camping conditions, our
camping gear is quite modern and easy to use.
7. B: Absolutely no! Everything is included in the price
you pay to us, including all World Heritage and
National Park entry and accommodation fees.
8. B: Definetely! You will make special visits to
Aboriginal art community, which will give you
the opportunity to make ‘direct from artist’
purchase for reasonable prices.
Answers will vary.
1. an unusual gold ring
2. a nice new sweater
3. a beautiful old house
4. an old American film
5. a long thin face
6. a lovely sunny day
7. a long wide road
8. a lovely little old village
9. an interesting old French painting
10. a small black metal box
Answer Key for ‘Vocabulary - Sözcükler’
1. requested
2. flexible
3. interested
4. deals
5. full
6. layover
7. arrange
8. alone
9. returning
10. discount
11. round-trip
12. positive
13. insurance
14. option
15. package
16. upgrade
17. confirm
18. purchased
19. full
20. itinerary
Murphy, R. (1994). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge:
CUP.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2178123/UKweather-forecast-Hottest-day-year-todaytemperatures-30-5C.html
http://www.langschool.eu/textbook/intermediateen/unit05.en.html
http://www.onestopenglish.com/skills/reading/pdfcontent/reading-lessons-tourism-elementaryreading-text/154735.article
http://www.onestopenglish.com/skills/reading/pdfcontent/reading-lessons-tourism-elementarytasks/154736.article
http://www.onestopenglish.com/skills/reading/pdfcontent/reading-lessons-tourism-elementaryteachers-notes/154734.article
http://www.langschool.eu/textbook/intermediateen/unit05.en.html#sec3
http://www.tnooz.com/2011/03/16/how-to/top-20things-every-travel-agent-should-do-right-nowonline-and-offline/
http://www.englishformyjob.com/english-for-travelagents1.html
http://www.englishformyjob.com/english-for-travelagents2.html
59
4
N
N
Nifl (alternatif) Turizm türlerinden say›lan Ekoturizm ve Sa¤l›k Turizmi
hakk›nda bilgi edinirken,
Bu konular›n anlat›m›nda ‹ngilizcede ne tür yap›lar ve sözcük da¤arc›¤›na
baflvuruldu¤u konusunda fikir edineceksiniz.
• Eco Tourism
• Health Tourism
• Health Tourism in the World and
Turkey
NICHE TOURISM I:
Ecotourism and
Health Tourism
•
•
•
•
•
LET US READ
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
USEFUL INFORMATION
NICHE TOURISM I:
Ecotourism and
Health Tourism
LET US READ
‹kinci ünitemizin Faydal› Bilgiler bölümünde ça¤dafl turizm sektöründe art›k tek
çeflit turizm olmad›¤›n› ve turizm dendi¤inde seyahat edenlerin farkl› ilgi alanlar›
oldu¤unu anlatm›flt›k. Hat›rlayacak olursan›z sizleri mass tourism (kitle turizmi) ve
niche tourism (alternatif turizm) kavramlar› ile tan›flt›rm›flt›k. Dahas› ‹ngilizcede
Niche turizm olarak s›n›fland›r›lan alternatif turizm türlerinin neler olabilece¤ini tan›mlar› ile belirtmifltik.
Bu ünitemizde alternatif turizm türlerinin en popüler olanlar›ndan Ekoturizm
ve Sa¤l›k Turizmi konular›n› sizlere tan›tmaya çal›flarak ‹ngilizce sözcük da¤arc›¤›n›z› ve yap› bilginizi artt›rmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
Reading 1
Ecotourism
What is Ecotourism?
Ecotourism, ecotravel, ecolodges
and just generally being “eco”
have become popular recently.
What is true ecotourism?
There are many terms used
to describe types of ecotourism.
Some words that you often hear
these days are ‘Eco-Tourism’,
‘Adventure Travel’, ‘Sustainable
Tourism’, ‘Responsible Tourism’,
‘Nature Based Travel’, and
‘Green Tourism’.
Eco-tourism: The Ecotourism
Society defines it as ‘responsible
travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of
the local people’. A walk through the rainforest is not eco-tourism unless that particular
walk somehow benefits that environment and the people who live there. A rafting
trip is only eco-tourism if it raises awareness and funds to help protect the watershed.
Resim 4.1
What is ecotourism?
Retrieved from
http://www.aleevee8.
com/2012/08/unders
tanding-eco-tourism/
62
Adventure Travel: While travel to another country is often adventurous, it is
not necessarily ‘Adventure Travel’. Most dictionaries define adventure similarly: ‘an
unusual experience including some level of risk and uncertainty’. ‘Adventure
Travel’ includes this idea of risk and some unconventional means of transport. A
canoe journey deep into the Amazon basin meets this definition. While a city tour
of Paris might have some level of uncertainty, it is not by definition ‘Adventure
Travel’.
Sustainable Tourism: Any form of tourism that does not reduce the availability
of resources and does not inhibit future travelers from enjoying the same
experience. If the presence of large numbers of tourists disturbs an animal’s mating
patterns then that visit is not sustainable.
Responsible Tourism: Tourism which operates in such a way as to minimize
negative impacts on the environment. A wilderness camping trip using ‘Leave No
Trace’ ethics would be considered responsible tourism.
Nature-Based Travel: A more generic term for any activity or travel experience
with a focus on nature. Large jungle lodges fall into this category as do cruise ships
to view penguins in Antarctica. These types of trips may or may not be
environmentally sustainable or responsible.
Green Tourism: Often used inter-changeably with eco-tourism and sustainable
tourism but more accurately described as ‘any activity or facility operating in an
environmentally friendly fashion’. A lodge with composting toilets, gray water
system, and solar powered lighting is probably ‘green’.
(Adapted from
http://www.untamedpath.com/Ecotourism/what_is_ecotourism.html)
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
1
S‹ZDE
Answer the SIRA
following
YOUR
TURN questions according to the passage ‘What is Ecotourism?’.
1. Which of the following is NOT among the terms used to describe types of
ecotourism?
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES tourism
a. Responsible
b. Sustainable tourism
UYGULAYIN Travel
c. Adventure
LET’S TH‹NK
d. Nature-based Travel
e. Environmental
Travel
K‹TAP
BOOK
2. A walk through a forest can only be considered ecotourism if it ...
‹ N T E R Nunconventional
ET
a. includes
means of transportation.
INTERNET
b. benefits the people who live in or near that village.
c. involves
D ‹ K K A T other green tourists.
T T E N T I to
O N adventure travel.
d. is Arelated
e. is organized by the ‘green tourism’ travel agencies.
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
3. ... meansOBJECTIVES
leaving resources for the future travelers to help them enjoy a similar
journey.
a. Sustainable tourism
b. Adventure travel
c. Green travel
d. Nature-based travel
e. Responsible tourism
63
4. Ünite - NICHE TOURISM I: Ecotourism and Health Tourism
4. ... is a general term used for all types of nature-related activity or travel.
a. Ecotravel
b. Responsible tourism
c. Nature-based travel
d. Adventure travel
e. Sustainable travel
5. ... means minimizing the negative effects of a type of travel on the nature.
a. Responsible tourism
b. Adventure travel
c. Nature-based travel
d. Sustainable tourism
e. Green tourism
Reading 2
Health Tourism
Turkey Aims To Be
Health Tourism Hub
Turkey aims to become a second
Dubai in terms of special health
services designed to target
health
tourism,
including
hospitals, rehabilitation centers,
thermal spa facilities, care
facilities for the elderly and
holiday villages.
“The creation of special
health zones and healing centers in Turkey is underway and drawing the attention
of foreign investors”, Dursun Ayd›n, head of the Health Tourism Department of
the Turkish Ministry of Health, told Anatolia News Agency. “With the new legal
code, the ministry plans to develop health tourism and create a model concept for
the rest of the health sector in the region”, Ayd›n said. In achieving this goal, the
ministry also plans to improve the inflow of foreign investment, increase
employment, bring in skilled foreign healthcare workers, speed up the use of
medical technology and encourage the production of services and investments, he
added.
Dubai and Iran have special health zones and healing centers, but the Iranian
health zone is currently still in the project phase, Ayd›n said. Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Brazil, Panama, Costa Rica and Mexico are also planning to set up special health
zones.
The announcement of management firms for Turkey’s health zones will be
made in December, and investment, building and zoning operations will begin
next year, Ayd›n said.
July/17/2012
(Retrieved from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-aims-to-be-healthtourism-hub.aspx?pageID=238&nID=25655&NewsCatID=349)
Resim 4.2
What is Health
Tourism?
Retrieved from
http://www.escapefro
mamerica.com/2010
/07/reduce-healthcare-costs-withmedical-tourism/
64
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA S‹ZDE
Decide whether
YOUR the
TURNfollowing sentences are true or false according to the passage
‘Turkey Aims To Be Health Tourism Hub’.
1. Hospitals,
rehabilitation centers, and thermal spa facilities are among the forms
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
of health tourism. (TRUE / FALSE)
2. Foreign investors are considering investing on health tourism in Turkey. (TRUE
/ FALSE)UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
3. Turkey wants to be a health tourism hub in the region by following many other
models inK the
(TRUE / FALSE)
‹ T Aregion.
P
B O Oof
K health tourism will help Turkey become an effective military
4. Being a hub
power in the region. (TRUE / FALSE)
‹ N T E R NArabia,
ET
5. Oman, Saudi
Brazil, Panama, Costa Rica and Mexico are the only
INTERNET
countries which have already set up special health zones. (TRUE / FALSE)
2
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
Resim 4.3
D‹KKAT
A T T E N T I O N THEY SAY IT?
HOW WOULD
Bu bölümde kapl›calar hakk›nda konuflan bir turizmci ile müflterisinin konuflmalar›na konuk AMAÇLARIMIZ
oluyoruz.
OBJECTIVES
Going to a Spa?
Retrieved from
http://semihkarabac
ak.com/kayseri/Tari
hiyerler/Tarihiyerle
r5.html
Resim 4.4
There is healing in water.
Retrieved from http://bilgituru.com/saglik/
termal-suyun-faydalari-ve-zararlari/
Resim 4.5
Enjoying the healing waters.
Retrieved from
http://www.cornucopia.net/guide/sights/eskikaplca-baths/
Jason is planning to visit Turkey. He heard a lot about Turkey’s famous spas
and he is particularly interested in locations where he can find the best spas in
Turkey. He calls his travel agent for information. The following is the conversation
between him and the travel agent.
Travel Agent :
Jason :
Travel Agent :
Jason :
Travel Agent :
Jason :
Travel Agent :
Jason :
Travel Agent :
Jason :
Good afternoon. Thank you for calling Happy Travels Travel
Agency. How can I help you?
Hi, I am planning a trip to Turkey for my vacation and I need
some suggestions.
Absolutely! Actually you are very lucky because we have
wonderful deals for some top resort hotels in Antalya and Bodrum.
Thank you but I have been to those wonderful resort hotels of
Turkey many times before. This time I am more interested in
locations where I can find spas.
I see. Just a second please, I’ll pull up the spa file here. ... OK. For
spas, we have many wonderful options. Let’s start with the spas
of ancient cities: there is a wonderful spa near Pamukkale, in the
ancient city of Hieropolis; another one is nearby Koyce¤iz Lake,
in the ancient Lycian city of Caunos.
Ancient cities? Interesting! So these spas must be in use for many
hundred years.
Of course. For example, there is one in Balcova, ‹zmir, located on
the site of the Baths of Agamemnon and used for the therapeutic
qualities of the waters since the Roman times.
Wow!
Another wonderful location for spas is Bursa, the first capital of
the Ottoman Empire. We actually have many other options. Why
don’t you give me your e-mail address? I’ll send you a brochure,
you can read it and call us back for extra information and
reservation.
Oh, that’s a great idea. My e-mail address is ...
Bir önceki bölümde kapl›calar hakk›nda nas›l sorular sorulabilece¤i ve ne tür yan›tlar verilebilece¤i hakk›nda örnek görmüfltük. fiimdi benzer konuflmalar› siz
oluflturmaya çal›fl›n. Size Kangal Bal›kl› Kapl›calar› hakk›nda bilgiyi biz veriyoruz,
ancak, bir turizmci olarak bu bilgiyi müflterinize aktarmak size kal›yor.
65
66
Resim 4.6
Resim 4.7
Spa with fish?
Retrieved from
http://www.sivasinternet.net/galeri.asp?galeriID=4&
sayfa=12
SIRA S‹ZDE
D Ü fi Ü N E L ‹ M
S O R U
D‹KKAT
SIRA S‹ZDE
AMAÇLARIMIZ
K ‹ T A P
TELEV‹ZYON
‹NTERNET
3
Kangal Bal›kl› Kapl›calar› nerede?
Retrieved from
http://www.sivasinternet.net/kaplicalar.asp
Jason readsSIRA
the S‹ZDE
brochure the Travel Agent sent him and he is particularly interested
in ‘Kangal Hot Spring with Fish’ so he calls the travel agent and asks some questions
about the spa. Suppose that you are the Travel Agent and answer Jason’s questions
D Ü fiinformation
ÜNEL‹M
by using the
provided about the spa in the table below. Do not forget
that the table provides the basic information, it is your duty, as a travel agent, to give
the information in an attractive and persuading manner. After completing this exercise,
S O R U
do not forget to see the sample answers given at the end of this unit.
• “Kangal Hot Spring with Fish” Spa
• Central
Region (Central Turkey)
D ‹ Anatolian
KKAT
• 13 km from Kangal town in the province of Sivas
• many small fish (2-10 cm long); cure skin diseases
SIRA S‹ZDE
• no spa like this in the world
• water temperature: 36 C
• bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
1. A:
B:
Where is ‘Kangal Hot Spring with Fish’ Spa?
..........................................................................................
2. A:
B:
Is it in the city centre?
.........................................................................................
3. A:
B:
What makes this spa so special?
.........................................................................................
4. A:
B:
‹ N T about
E R N E T the water quality?
How
.........................................................................................
K ‹ T A P
TELEV‹ZYON
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
‹ngilizcede de Türkçede de s›kl›kla kullan›lan bir yap›dan söz ediyoruz. Hepinizin
daha önce de ö¤rendi¤i, duydu¤u Passive Voice yani Edilgen Çat›. Böyle bir yap›y› neden kullan›r›z? Normal bir tümce ile karfl›laflt›¤›m›zda o tümce bize özne ile ilgili direkt bilgi verir. Bir baflka de¤iflle aktif cümle olarak tan›mlanan bu tümcelerde öznenin ne yapt›¤› veya nas›l bir eylem içerisinde oldu¤u anlat›l›r. Di¤er taraf-
67
tan, edilgen bir tümcede konu öznenin ne yapt›¤› de¤ildir. Tümcenin odak noktas› kimin, ne sebeple etkilendi¤idir. Özneye ne yap›ld›¤› anlat›l›r.
Edilgen cümlelerde genellikle eylemi gerçeklefltiren özne önemini kaybeder,
eylemden etkilenenler daha öne ç›kar. Özne ço¤u kez edilgen tümcelerde kullan›lmaz bile.
Afla¤›daki aç›klamalar› dikkatle okuyun ve ‹ngilizcede edilgen yap›lar›n nas›l
yap›laca¤› konusundaki pratik tabloyu çal›fl›n.
Passive Voice
• We use an active verb to say
what the subject does:
• Aktif fiili özenin ne yapt›¤›n›
anlatmak için kullan›r›z.
• My cousin owns a travel
company. He employs
fifty people.
• Air traffic authorities
canceled all the flights
because of bad weather
conditions.
• We use a passive verb to say
what happens to the subject:
• Edilgen fiili ise özneye olan›
anlatmak için kullan›r›z.
• Fifty people are employed by my cousin’s travel company.
• All the flights were canceled by air traffic authorities because of bad
weather conditions.
• When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown
or unimportant:
• Edilgen çat› kullan›ld›¤›nda kimin veya neyin eyleme neden oldu¤u önemli
de¤ildir.
• My bag was stolen during my trip to Europe. (somebody stole it but we
don’t know who)
• In decent hotels, the rooms are cleaned every day. (It is not important
who cleans the room)
• We use by if we want to say who does or what causes the action.
• Edilgen cümlelerde by edat›n› kullanarak özneyi tümcenin sonuna aktar›r›z
ve bu flekilde kimin veya neyin eylemi gerçeklefltirdi¤ini dolayl› olarak
anlat›r›z.
• Our entire trip was organized by our travel agent.
• We were informed about the monument by the tour guide.
• The passive is:
• ‹ngilizcede edilgen tümcelerin yap› förmülü:
• be (is/was/has been etc.) + the past participle (done/cleaned/
employed etc.)
• In the following table, study the passive verb formation of the sentence ‘The
trip is organized by the travel agent’ in different tenses:
Resim 4.8
Who ate who???
Retrieved from
http://www.michelle
henry.fr/passif.htm
68
Tense
be
Subject
Singular
Plural
Past participle
Present
The trip/trips
is
are
organized
Present Perfect
The trip/trips
has been
have been
organized
Past
The trip/trips
was
were
organized
Past Perfect
The trip/trips
had been
had been
organized
Future
The trip/trips
will be
will be
organized
Future Perfect
The trip/trips
will have been will have been organized
Present progressive
The trip/trips
is being
are being
organized
Past progressive
The trip/trips
was being
were being
organized
Resim 4.9
Using the Passive
Voice, Courtesy of
AKARAKINGDOMS
alphotos.net/images
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
SIRA S‹ZDE
4
Choose the YOUR
best option
TURN for the following sentences.
(Adapted from Tuzer, F. (2004). Proficiency File. Ankara: Pelikan.)
ALIfiTIRMALAR
1. A lot of people
gathered in front of the building to listen to the speech which
EXERCISES
......... by the president.
a. is made
UYGULAYIN
b. was made
LET’S TH‹NK
2. By 5 p.m.Ktomorrow
all the reports ......... to the manager.
‹TAP
B O Obeen
K
a. will have
given
b. are given
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
3. Nowadays it is more convenient to use the subway to go to work because the
roads .........
D‹KKAT
TTENTION
a. were Arepaired
b. are being repaired
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
4. A chestnut tree ......... in our garden 40 years ago. Today it blocks the sun get
into the house but we don’t want to cut it.
a. was planted
b. had been planted
5. This house ......... for many years when we bought it. Therefore, we had to do
a lot of work to renew it.
a. has been abandoned
b. had been abandoned
6. A new school ......... in our neighborhood so my son will go to that school next
year.
a. will be built
b. had been built
7. They say a big mall ......... in our neighborhood. I won’t have to go to the
downtown for shopping any more.
a. will be built
b. was built
8. Last week I saw a beautiful ring in the store. First I couldn’t decide to buy it,
but later when I got to the store it .........
a. had been sold
b. has been sold
9. Their new house ......... yet so they have to stay where they are at the moment.
a. hasn’t been finished
b. hadn’t been finished
10. Most of the food ......... by the guests at the party last night so we need to go
shopping today.
a. will be eaten
b. was eaten
11. After the ship accident the passengers ......... by the rescuers.
a. were rescued
b. will have been rescued
12. The man who ......... by the police broke into a bank last year.
a. has been caught
b. is being caught
13. The thieves stole one of Picasso’s paintings from the museum. It ......... to the
museum in 1970.
a. has been given
b. had been given
14. Scientists have found a cure for SARS but in China 250 people died before the
cure .........
a. had been found
b. was found
69
70
15. I want to see the traffic accident reports of last month. I am sure the reports
......... by the police.
a. are being recorded
b. will be recorded
USEFUL INFORMATION
Bu bölümde size en ünlü ve popüler 10 ekoturizm ile 10 sa¤l›k turizm bölgesi
hakk›nda bilgi aktarmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
Resim 4.10
Kayaking in
Alaska,
Courtey of Liz
Noffsinger
alphotos.net/images
Resim 4.11
Tree sisters, Blue
Mountains
Courtesy of
Australian Tourism
Authority
http://www.airlines
anddestinations.co
m/destinations/tour
ism-australiaoffers-specials-onone-weekwalkaboutpackages/
Top 10 Ecotourism Destinations in the World
Alaska: Alaska, known as “The Great Land”, is
reputed for its snow-capped mountains, the
tundra region, and the Arctic zone in the north.
Alaska is home to a fascinating wildlife
population such as humpback whales, brown
bears, sea lions, and eagles.
Amazon: The Amazon, the lungs of earth,
produces 20 % of the world’s oxygen. The
Amazon rainforest is home to hordes of floral
and faunal wealth. The densest part of the
Amazon belt can be found in Brazil. The most
attractive travel can be in the Bahia’s Atlantic
forest, where you can feel the essence of
rainforest and be fascinated with the sight of
scores of wildlife.
South Pole: The only time where you can
head towards the White Continent is during
summer when the ice melts to make way for
eco-tourists. Can you imagine that about 20,000
tourists head towards Antarctica every year to witness gigantic glaciers, icebergs,
whales and of course penguins.
Blue Mountains, Australia:
The Blue Mountains area has
roughly 550 square miles of
valleys, and rocky terrains. The
region has ample floral wealth,
and the faunal wealth comprises
of some 400 species. Rock
climbing,
canoeing,
and
bushwalking are some of the
interesting
activities
Blue
Mountains offer.
Malaysian island of Borneo:
The slopes of Mount Kinabalu
and the dense forest trails of the
Bario Loop are great hiking
terrains. The Sepilok Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre is excellent to spot the
primates. For tourists who prefer staying in eco-friendly places, the Sukau Rainforest
Lodge will be a great place to live in.
71
Botswana: Known as the
‘jewel of Africa’, Botswana is
rich in natural wealth. The
Savannah plains, the extensive
desert regions, the riverside
forest and captivating wildlife
are real beauties. You can stay
in several eco-friendly resorts
in the Savannah region and
watch wildlife comprising of
leopards, lions, zebras and
rhinos.
Costa Rica: This country is
symbolic to ecotourism. The name Costa Rica was given by Christopher Columbus,
meaning “Rich Coast”. The country has four active (but not harmful) volcanoes,
lush rainforests and hot springs. Costa Rica has jungle lodges where you can stay.
Wildlife here includes many animals ranging from monkeys to tortoises, and
tourists can take active part in rafting, hiking, and scuba diving.
Dominica: Dominica is the Ecotourism Island of the Caribbean islands, and it
is considered to be the whale-watching island. The tourists can watch 40-ton
whales swimming freely on the shores. Dominica also has waterfalls, rainforests,
and hot springs. Visitors can stay at rainforest lodges, listening to the natural music
from the jungles.
Resim 4.13
13 Galapagos Islands
Retrieved from
http://www.galapagoshotline.com
Resim 4.12
Waiting for visitors?
Retrieved from
http://geoffmaritz.bl
ogspot.com/2012/0
4/botswana.html
Resim 4.14
Resting on the Island
Retrieved from
https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=galapagos&h
Galapagos Islands: The Galapagos Island and its diverse biological wealth
stimulated Darwin’s thoughts to come out with his famed theory on evolution.
These islands still remain home to world’s most unique creatures and was declared
the first World Heritage site in 1978.
Himalayas: The Himalayas are the world’s largest mountainous range. Nepal
and Northern India provide access routes to the Himalayas. Hikers can stay in the
rustic Himalayan lodges. Mountain camps, comprising of guides, cooks, and porters
are highly popular.
(Adapted from http://www.travelmole.com/news_feature.php?id=1135783)
72
Some examples of ecotourism activities:
• Basket Weaving
• Bird Watching
• Boat Trips
• Bush Medicine Walk
• Canoeing
• Kayaking
• Night Forest Walk
• Picnics
• Rainforest Walks
• Snorkeling
• Swimming
• Turtle Monitoring
• Village Visits
• Wildlife Watching
Top 10 Health Tourism Destinations in the World
Resim 4.15
Some of the
destinations for
medical tourism
Retrieved from
http://www.worldho
spitaldirectory.com/
Brazil: Home to the highest per capita number of practicing cosmetic doctors
in the world. Brazil attracts tourists not only to Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, but
also to smaller cities. Common procedures, such as breast augmentations and
facelifts cost from $3,000 to $6,500.
Costa Rica: Many tourists take advantage of Costa Rica’s medical services,
mainly cosmetic surgery and dental care. San Jose area is home to hundreds of
board-certified doctors, surgeons and dentists.
Hungary: Hungary has more dentists per capita than any other country. They
are found not only in Budapest, but also in some small towns. Many European
Union visitors come here for major dental care, including cosmetic oral surgeries,
full-mouth restorations and implants.
India: More Americans travel here for cardiac and orthopedic procedures than
for all other treatments combined. India offers top private hospitals, especially in
the larger cities of Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai. Medical travel to India
is growing by 30% a year, thanks to increasing numbers of Americans, Canadians
and Europeans.
73
Resim 4.16
People look
healthcare in
different place in
different manners
Retrieved from
http://blog.theotherh
ome.com/medicaltourism-india/
Malaysia: With more than a quarter of a million medical travelers each year,
Malaysia compares favorably to India, Thailand, and neighboring Singapore in
terms of its medical facilities, skill and costs. As well as having special burn
treatment centers, Malaysian hospitals have created “well-man” and “well-woman”
packages for preventive care.
Mexico: More than 70% of Mexico’s U.S. patients reside in California, Texas or
Arizona. Patients from San Diego, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson and Brownsville
make the two- to six-hour drive across the border to a clinic and stay a couple of
nights in a hotel. Many come each year for checkups, dental cleanings, physicals
and other treatments that cost much less than in the U.S.
Singapore: Singapore has a health care system that the World Health
Organization ranks as the best in Asia and sixth best in the world. It’s no wonder
that Singapore attracts many international patients. Singapore’s specialties cover a
broad range, including cardiology and cardiac surgery, gastroenterology, general
surgery, hepatology, neurology, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedics and stem
cell therapy.
South Korea: South Korea has earned a reputation for spinal surgeries, cancer
screenings and treatments and cosmetic surgeries. Many South Korean hospitals
are fully digitized, with electronic health records as the standard.
Thailand: An established leader in cosmetic surgery, Thailand attracts patients
from nearby Japan, Vietnam, China and South Korea. Eventually, Westerners joined
the flow to Bangkok and Phuket, primarily for elective surgeries whose low cost
makes up for the long flight and other travel expenses.
Turkey: Medical tourists may be surprised to know that this Eurasian country is
home to more JCI-accredited health care facilities than any nation outside the U.S.
Health care costs compare extremely well even to those in Asia, and the medical
system has plenty of doctors who are Western-trained and fluent in English. The
Turkish government enforces strict quality standards in every area of medical
technology, facilities and personnel.
(Adapted from http://internationalliving.com/2010/06/the-top-10-medicaltravel-destinations/)
74
Spa Map of Turkey
Resim 4.17
Spas of Turkey
Retrieved from
http://www.kaplicaotelleri.net/turkiye_
kaplica_haritasi.ht
ml
75
Key Ecotourism Terms
Canopy walkway: A constructed bridge walkway
through the tree tops of a forest.
Conservation enterprises: Income generating activities
that focus on conserving natural resources and
ecosystems.
Ecolabeling: Ecolabeling describes a scheme in which
a product, company, service, or destination may be
awarded an ecological label on the basis of its
“acceptable” level of environmental impact.
Ecosystem: A dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal
and microorganism communities and their associated
non-living environment interacting as an ecological
unit.
Ecotourism activities: Activities included in a tour that
are designed to entertain clients and are coordinated
by a professional guide or interpreter. Over 80 activities
have been listed for ecotourism, such as birdwatching,
hiking, diving, kayaking, participating in cultural events,
photography, and mountaineering.
Ecotourism product: A combination of resources,
activities, and services, which are sold and managed
through professional tour operators.
Ecotourism resources: Natural and cultural features that
attract visitors, such as landscapes, endemic or rare
flora and fauna, cultural festivals, and historical
monuments.
Ecotourism services: Tourism services such as
transportation, food, lodging, guiding and interpretation
services which cause minimal damage to the biological
and cultural environments and promote a better
understanding of the natural and cultural history of an
area.
Endemism: The level of species that occur naturally
only in a specific region or site.
Geotourism: Tourism that sustains or enhances the
geographical character of a place—its environment,
culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its
residents.
Sustainable Development: Development that meets the
needs and aspirations of the current generation without
compromising the ability to meet those of future
generations.
76
1. Which of the following CANNOT be one of the
activities related to ecotourism?
a. Bird watching
b. Night forest walk
c. Turtle monitoring
d. City bus tours
e. Village visits
6. With today’s busy traffic and fast cars, many
accidents ............. by dangerous driving.
a. will have been
b. are caused
c. were caused
d. have been caused
e. will be caused
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the activities
related to ecotourism?
a. Canoeing
b. Boat trips
c. Bush medicine walk
d. Wildlife watching
e. Theme park visits
7. Happy Travels is a big travel agency. More than fifty
employers ............. there.
a. are employed
b. was employed
c. has been employed
d. were employed
e. employed
3. The official definition of .............. is responsible
travel to natural areas which conserves the environment
and improves the welfare of the local people.
a. ecotourism
b. responsible tourism
c. green tourism
d. adventure travel
e. nature-based travel
8. Have you heard the news? The president .............
shot.
a. has been
b. is being
c. will be
d. was
e. will have been
4. Which of the following is not among the terms
related to ecotourism?
a. Ecosystem
b. Ecolabeling
c. Canopy walkway
d. Econometrics
e. Endemism
5. ........... means meeting the needs of the current
generation without compromising the ability to meet
those of future generations.
a. Green tourism
b. Niche tourism
c. Sustainable Development
d. Ecosystem
e. Canopy walkway
9. There is somebody walking behind us. I think we
............. followed.
a. were
b. have been
c. will be
d. are being
e. will have been
10. When I bought this car it was three years old but
............. used very much.
a. won’t be
b. hadn’t been
c. wasn’t
d. hasn’t been
e. isn’t
77
Answer Key for ‘Let Us Test Ourselves’
1. d
2. e
3. a
4. d
5. c
6. b
7. a
8. a
9. d
10. b
Tuzer, F. (2004). Proficiency File. Ankara: Pelikan.
http://www.untamedpath.com/Ecotourism/what_is_ec
otourism.html
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-aims-to-behealth-tourism-hub.aspx?pageID=238&nID=
25655&NewsCatID=349
http://www.escapefromamerica.com/2010/07/reducehealth-care-costs-with-medical-tourism/
http://www.aleevee8.com/2012/08/understandingeco-tourism/
http://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/ecotour-terms.html
http://www.ecoindia.com/education/terms.html
http://internationalliving.com/2010/06/the-top-10medical-travel-destinations/
http://www.travelmole.com/news_feature.php?id=113
5783
http://semihkarabacak.com/kayseri/Tarihiyerler/Tarihi
yerler5.html
http://bilgituru.com/saglik/termal-suyun-faydalari-vezararlari/
http://www.cornucopia.net/guide/sights/eski-kaplcabaths/
http://www.sivasinternet.net/galeri.asp?galeriID=4&say
fa=12
http://www.sivasinternet.net/kaplicalar.asp
http://www.kaplica-otelleri.net/turkiye_kaplica_
haritasi.html
1. e
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. a
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
1. B: It is conveniently located in Central Anatolia, which
means the center of Turkey. It is very easy to reach
Sivas by taking a bus or a plane.
2. B: No, the spa is 13 km from Kangal, a nice town of
the Sivas province. But don’t worry, public
transportation to the spa is very convenient as it is a
quite popular tourist attraction in the region.
3. B: This spa has an extraordinary character. Apart
from its wonderful hot spring water quality, there are
many small fish in the water, 2 to 10 cm long, these fish
play a vital part in curing skin diseases. It’s one of its
kind in the world! Second to none!
4. B: You relax in beneficial waters of 36 C. The water
is particularly rich in bicarbonate, calcium, and
magnesium.
1. a
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. a
8. a
9. a
12. a
10. b
11. a
13. b
14. b
15. a
5
N
Nifl (alternatif) Turizm türlerinden say›lan Kentsel Turizm ve ‹nanç Turizminin ne oldu¤u ve bu turizm türü anlat›l›rken ne tür yap›lar ve sözcük da¤arc›¤›na baflvuruldu¤u konusunda fikir edineceksiniz.
Anahtar Kavramlar - Key Term
• Urban Tourism
• Faith/Religrous Tourism
• Faith Tourism Destinations in
Turkey
Niche Tourism:
Urban Tourism and
Faith Tourism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LET US READ
LET US READ 2
SITUATION 1
SITUATION 2
TOKYO (JAPAN)
OSAKA (JAPAN)
SHANGHAI (CHINA)
SINGAPORE
HATAY
MAN‹SA
KIRfiEH‹R
MARD‹N
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
USEFUL INFORMATION- FAYDALI
B‹LG‹LER
• ELEMENTS OF URBAN TOURISM
• SOME FACTS ABOUT TURKEY AS
A DESTINATION FOR FAITH
TOURISM
Niche Tourism: Urban
Tourism and Faith Tourism
Bir önceki ünitemizde alternatif turizm
veya nifl turizm türlerinden olan Eko Turizm ve Sa¤l›k Turizminden söz etmifltik. Bu ünitemizde Kentsel Turizm ve
‹nanç Turizm kavramlar›n› aç›klamaya
çal›fl›yoruz. Ayr›ca bu konularda konuflmak istedi¤imizde kullanabilece¤iniz
‹ngilizce yap›sal örnekler sunmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
Resim 5.1
Going somewhere?
Courtesy of Idea Go
alphotos.net/images
LET US READ
Reading 1
Urban Tourism
People are attracted to big cities just to experience a variety of things to do and
see. Cities, since the ancient times, have been the melting pots of national culture,
art, music, history and architectute. Some cities also have natural beauties to attract
visitors. The type of toursim where the visitors prefer to take their vacations to
enjoy different aspects of cities is called urban tourism. Urban tourism is also
called city tourism.
Here are some factors that make a city preferred tourist destinations
and make them visitor friendly:
Here are some components that can make a city visitor-friendly and attractive:
• Historical quarters-cities with historical
backgrounds: Historic districts are
generally very pedestrian-friendly.
They give the visitors a nice
experience when they walk around
the city itself. Rome (Italy) and
‹stanbul are good examples to this
type of cities.
Resim 5.2
Blue Mosque,
‹stanbul
Courtesy of Suat
Eman
alphotos.net/images
80
Resim 5.3
Venice
Courtesy of
cescassawin
alphotos.net/images
Resim 5.4
Olympic torch
Courtesy of nitros
alphotos.net/images
Resim 5.5
A warm welcome
Courtesy of Stuart
Miles
alphotos.net/images
•
Waterfront-cities that have the
sea or river: Cities with the waterfront
have always caught the attention of
tourists. For example, Venice is very
popular because of the canals it has
running throughout the city.
•
Conference
centers
and
exhibitions-cities
that
provide
opportunities for businessmen and
researchers: Cities need to offer facilities
that allow large organizations like Trade
Shows, Conventions, Conferences, Meetings, Events, or Exhibitions. A city
which is well known in the convention and business tourism attracts many
visitors. The visitors attend conferences or exhibitions, and at the same
time, they enjoy other attractions in the city.
• Fairs, carnivals and events - cities that offer fun or attract special interest
groups: Organizations such as Olympic Games, International fairs, Sports
organizations, Cultural and traditional festivals attract many visitors to the
cities. For example, Cannes Film Festival, Rio’s traditional carnival,
Oktoberfest in Munich, Shopping Fest in ‹stanbul attract a great number of
visitors to these cities. Cities try to host upcoming sports events or to organize
business or educational meetings. The ongoing efforts made by National
Olympic Committee of Turkey to host the Summer Olympics in ‹stanbul
reflect the importance of the issue.
•
Eating facilities - cities with special
cuisines: Many visitors of a town or city
prefer spending serious amount of their
money on food. Some tourists prefer a
destination just to experience the
famous delicious tastes by the local
cuisines. Gaziantep and Hatay of
Turkey can be very important
destinations for urban tourism with their
traditional cuisines.
•
Tourism workers and inhabitants
of a city - cities with native people who
like to support tourists: Friendliness is
very important in tourism business. Most
visitors would like to hear or see a warm
‘welcome’ by the service providers in
the cities or towns they stay. The locals
in a city must not consider the visitors as
‘dollar-bills’. The visitors take the goods
and bads with them when they go back
home. Turkey, with its history and
traditional hospitality welcome its
visitors and help them leave the country
with good memories.
5. Ünite - Niche Tourism: Urban Tourism and Faith Tourism
81
S‹ZDE
1. Name three components that make a city visitor friendly. SIRA
YOUR TURN
———————————————————————————————————
————————————
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
2. What does padestrian friendly mean?
———————————————————————————————————
UYGULAYIN
————————————
LET’S TH‹NK
3. Why is it important to have good convention centers in a city?
———————————————————————————————————
K‹TAP
————————————
BOOK
4. Name some of the famous festivals or carnivals around the world.
‹NTERNET
———————————————————————————————————
INTERNET
————————————
5. Why is it wrong to see tourist as dollar bills?
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
———————————————————————————————————
————————————
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
LET US READ 2
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
1
N N
Faith/Religious Tourism
Visitors from specific faiths like to visit locations that they consider holy sites. The
form of tourism where people travel to such holy places is called Faith tourism or
Religious tourism. People may travel individually or in groups for different reasons.
One of the main reasons for religious tourism is pilgrimage. This is when people
visit holy places at a certain time according to their beliefs. However, religious
tourism does not only cover pilgrims. Non-religious people also like to visit holy
locations because many of these places are interesting not only in terms of religions
but also culture and history of the civilizations.
Travel agencies organize tours to temples, churches, places where there are
religious records, and a variety of other spots that have some kind of historical or
mythical importance. There are many sites throughout Europe, Africa, Central and
South America that are regarded as holy by Christians and sites throughout Middle
Asia and Anatolia by Muslims, Christians and Jewish People.
Religious (Faith) tourism is a growing market in the tourism industry. In other
words, faith tourism is a big business which is also considered as one of the fastest
growing segments in travel today.
Faith Tourism in Turkey
Turkey plays an important role in the three largest religions in the world:
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. For more than a thousand years, Turkish land has
been at the intersection of civilizations; it has been a melting pot of eastern and
western traditions and a place where diverse beliefs meet. Anatolia has been home
to diverse civilizations. This crossroad for civilizations has also been a crossroad
for religious beliefs. There are historical and holy sites from the early days of
Christianity. However, when Jewish people had to leave their homes during the
Mediaeval Ages, they came to Anatolia and built their own temples. Turkey is
home to holy sites and religious architecture for Muslims, Christians and Jews.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
82
Well known locations for faith
tourism for the followers of Judaism,
‹stanbul’s synagogues are open to
visitors for worship and sightseeing
purposes. Archaeological excavations
of early Jewish settlements in Sardis
near Salihli have revealed one of the
world’s oldest synagogues from 220
B.C.
For visitors from the Christian
faith, a trip to Mount Ararat will show
them what is believed to be the
landing place of Noah’s Ark. Many
religious and holy fathers of
Christianity lived in Anatolia and built
the early churches. The Christian sites
in Turkish land are visited by many
tourists, either independently or with
organized tours.
The Islamic sites in Turkey are
numerous. Only ‹stanbul, the former
capital of the huge Ottoman Empire,
is home to various sites that are sacred
and blessed for Muslims. All in all, any
visitor to Turkey will be impressed
with the greatness and diversity of
religious constructions and sacred
places of worship.
Resim 5.6
Floor mozaiks of
the Sardis
Synagogue
Retrieved from
sacreddestination.com
Resim 5.7
St. Nicholas Church
in Demre, Turkey;
Retrieved from
http://www.footootj
es.nl/Panoramas_
Turkey_2010/
Resim 5.8
Süleymaniye
Mosque, ‹stanbul
Retrieved from
http://www.felsefefo
rumu.com/images/r
es/suley/suleygun.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
2
SIRA
S‹ZDE
1. What does
‘faith
tourism’ mean?
YOUR TURN
______________________________________________________________________
2. Which religions
are mentioned in the text as having sites in Anatolia?
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
______________________________________________________________________
3. What did the archeological sites reveal in Sardis?
UYGULAYIN
______________________________________________________________________
LET’S TH‹NK
4. What is believed to be on Mount Ararat?
______________________________________________________________________
K‹TAP
5. Are Turkish
sites fully open to visitors?
B Oreligious
OK
______________________________________________________________________
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
83
Seyahat planlar› yapan müflterilerin bilgi almak için gittikleri seyahat acentas›
görevlisi ile yapt›klar› konuflmalar› dikkatle okuyun. Size bu tür konuflmalarda
kullan›lan ‹ngilizce kal›plar hakk›nda bilgi verecektir.
Resim 5.9
Stockholm Courtesy of Stockholm Visitors’ Board
Retrieved from
http://www.stockholmhotelsearch.com
Resim 5.10
A Canal Street in Amsterdam
Retrieved from
http://www.google.com.tr/imgres
SITUATION 1
An Urban Visit: Destination Europe
Mr. Eurier is talking to a travel agent about possible European destinations for his
short vacation with his wife.
Travel Agent : Good morning. Welcome to Eurotours. I will be your assistant
today.
Mr. Eurier
: Good morning. I am Rich Eurier. My wife and I are planning
to have a one-week trip to a European city next month.
Travel Agent : Nice time for a Europe visit! What are the exact
dates, sir?
Mr. Eurier
: The exact dates are from 11th to 18th of March. I’d like to have
some information about popular destinations.
Travel Agent : Alright, Mr. Eurier. A popular tourist destination is Stockholm.
The city, the beaches and the sea are unpolluted if you’re
concerned about it.
Mr. Eurier
: Good. What are the main attractions there?
Travel Agent : Hmm. The Vasa Ship Museum, the Old Town, Birka Island, the
Tivoli leisure park, the archipelago with its 24.000 islands, and
the eight royal palaces in the surrounding area.
Mr. Eurier
: What are the other options?
Travel Agent : Ok, let’s see. What about Amsterdam? It has over five million
visitors every year.
Mr. Eurier
: It looks crowded, but, what are the facilities?
Travel Agent : It has the old town with canals from the 17th century, historical
monuments and museums. I personally recommend Van
Gough museum. There is also Rijkmuseum with some beautiful
paintings.
84
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
Mr. Eurier
:
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Mr. Eurier
:
What about the locals there? Are they friendly enough?
The friendliness and tolerance of its residents is legendary.
There are many festivals and events. And it’s one of the top 10
tourist destinations in the world.
Festivals? Are there any festivals or special events on the dates
of our vacation?
Unfortunately, there aren’t any.
OK. What about British cities?
Hmm, let me see. St. Andrews?
What? Where is it?
It’s 80 km from Edinburgh on the east coast of Scotland.
What makes St Andrews special?
It’s a small town with 15.000 residents. And only 20% of its
visitors are foreigners, most are English or Scottish. Excellent
for a peaceful holiday! And the locals are so kind.
It can be too peaceful for us. We’re looking for a livelier place.
Resim 5.11
Resim 5.12
St. Andrews, Scotland
Retrieved from http://creem2.st-andrews.ac.uk/
contact.asp
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
:
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
:
:
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
River Liffey in Dublin
Retrieved from http://collegetribune.ie
You wouldn’t say ‘no’ to Dublin.
Dublin? Is it really fascinating?
It’s a 1000-year-old Viking city. Green valleys, fishing villages,
beaches, parks are all around Dublin.
Are there any historical sites there?
Sure, there are. You can visit castles from the Middle Age,
museums such as the Dublin Writers’ Museum, the National
Museum of Ireland, and James Joyce Museum.
Any festivals?
St. Patrick’s festival and Dublin theatre Festival.
Can we go there by ship as well?
Yes, of course. There is a tourist port in Dublin. Just about a
hundred cruise ships visit Dublin every year.
Any other destination that we could reach on cruise?
Let me check, Mr. Eurier... I can recommend you Rhodes,
Greece without any reservation.
Oh, a friend of mine was there for a conference last year.
Yes, it is a popular conference town with more than a hundred
conferences each year.
85
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
Mr. Eurier
:
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
:
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
:
:
:
Travel Agent
Mr. Eurier
Travel Agent
:
:
:
Mr. Eurier
:
What can we do there for one week? It’s an island.
The port, the bay, and the beaches are the main attractions.
Also, you can see the four kilometers of ramparts dating from
the 14th century surrounding the whole upper and lower town.
March may not be a good time to visit Rhodes, I think. I would
like to ask for more options if you don’t mind.
No problem, sir. What criteria apply for your choice?
We would like to eat delicious food.
OK. I would recommend you Volterra, Italy. The town holds a
real gastronomic tradition. Also, the region has an exciting
historical, cultural, artistic and archaeological legacy as well as
beautiful countryside.
Does the town offer a waterfront?
I’m sorry but no, sir.
I’m very sorry to take your time that much but I’m looking for
a destination full of history, with waterfront, offering tasty
food, providing easy transportation, organizing festivals and
events, which is also inhabited by friendly and hospitable
residents.
Then I can recommend ‹stanbul, Turkey.
Can I find all of these there?
Sure. It is the capital city of both Byzantium and Ottomans.
You can visit many mosques, churches, palaces, and so on.
Also, you can enjoy the Bosporus with its great view. The food
is definitely delicious. There is a blues festival on your dates
next month, too. And the hospitality of Turkish people, it’s
priceless. All these things will make ‹stanbul the capital of
conferences and events in ten years, experts say.
Thank you very much. Then, we’re going to ‹stanbul...
SIRA S‹ZDE
Based on the conversation above, tick the information mentioned
YOUR TURNby the travel
agent about the urban tourism destinations in Europe.
→
Destinations? →
Criteria?
Historical Places
Waterfronts
Conference centers
and exhibitions
Fairs, carnivals and
events
Unique visitor areas
Friendliness of
locals
Eating facilities
Stockholm
Amsterdam
St
Andrews
ALIfiTIRMALAR
Dublin EXERCISES
Rhodes Volterra
‹stanbul
3
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
Tablo 5.1
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
86
SITUATION 2
Resim 5.13
Beyaz›t Mosque
Retrieved from
http://www.yerbilgisi.
com/etiket/beyazitcamii/
Bu radyo sohbetinde üç farkl› din insan› ‹stanbul hakk›ndaki görüfllerini belirtiyorlar.
A radio show hosts three religious men from three major religions. They talk
about ‹stanbul from a spiritual point of view.
The Host
: Welcome to our weekly show, ‘The Merge of Religions’. Today,
we’re going to talk about Turkey’s religious sites. Our guests
are Mr. Christiansen, a Christian priest, Mr. Jewel, Jewish rabbi,
and Mr. Güzel, an Imam for Turkish Muslims.They all live in
‹stanbul.
Guests
: Thank you.
The Host
: I’d like to start with Mr. Güzel. What are the major points in
Turkey for Muslim visitors?
Mr. Güzel
: There are quite a lot of historical and spiritual sites in Turkey
for Muslims. As you know, Anatolia has been the home to
Muslims for a very long time.
The Host
: Then, let’s talk about ‹stanbul. What are the major Islamic
figures in ‹stanbul?
Mr. Güzel
: First, we should mention about the mosques. The Blue Mosque,
The Süleymaniye Mosque and Külliye, The Fatih Mosque, The
Eyüp Sultan Mosque, and The Beyaz›t Mosque are the major
ones among hundreds of mosques in ‹stanbul.
The Host
: Oh, Beyaz›t Mosque? Can you give more information about it
for our audience?
Mr. Güzel
: Sure. It is at the square of Beyaz›t, which is mentioned with its
name. This great mosque and its külliye were constructed by
the son of Fatih, Bayezit II in 1501 - 1506. The Külliye consists
of a theology school, a school, an
imaret(soup kitchen in a historical
sense), a caravansary and a Turkish
bath. It has two minarets which are 87
meters away from each other. Plan of
the Beyaz›t Mosque is similar to Hagia
Sofia. But it is separated from it with
especially a perfect architectural
application which includes a different
characteristic having worship order of
a culture.
The Host
: Thank you very much. Let’s talk to Mr. Christiansen. I think
there are fewer churches in ‹stanbul than mosques. Am I
right?
Mr. Christiansen : You’re right. But some of the mosques are former churches
or monasteries. You can understand them from their
architectural design.
The Host
: For example?
Mr. Christiansen : The Hagia Sophia is the most famous example.
The Host
: Any others?
87
Mr. Christiansen : ‹mrahor ‹lyas Bey Mosque, for instance. It was known as a part
of the Studis Monastery. It is located in Yedikule and was built in
the 5th century. Also, Eski ‹maret Mosque, which belonged to
Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, was converted to a mosque by
Ottomans. Zeyrek Mosque is one of the examples of Byzantium
religious architecture. We can add Aya ‹rini and Chora Church to
these historical churches. However, there are also churches that
are active such as Saint Antoine, Virgin Mary Suryani Church,
Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, Bulgarian Church and Anglican
Church.
The Host
: Thank you very
much. And Mr.
Jewel, are there any
religious spots significant
for Judaism?
Mr. Jewel
: Sure, there are.
Some of them are still in
operation. Neve fialom
Synagogue, Italian
Synagogue, and Aflkenazi
Synagogue are in Galata. There’s another one located at a close
distance to famous Haydarpafla Train Station, Haydarpafla
Hemdat Israel Synagogue.
The Host
: Can you give more detail
about the Neve fialom
Synagogue, please?
Mr. Jewel
: Of course. As I
said, it’s located at
Galata, on Büyük Hendek
Street. It means “Oasais of
Peace” in English. It was
opened on March 25, 1951
and is still the most
modern and outstanding synagogue of ‹stanbul. It has
witnessed a lot of religious ceremonies such as weddings, bar
mitzva (maturity ceremony) and funerals, and Head Rabbinate
Appointment ceremonies.
The Host
: Thank you very much for your information. So, as your last
words, what would you like to say to our audience? Do you
have any messages?
Mr. Christiansen : Yes. I can say that ‹stanbul is a junction of cultures and
religions. Come and visit.
Mr. Jewel
: Religious places are not only to worship but to feel
culture and tradition of a city. Experience it in ‹stanbul!
Mr. Güzel
: I completely agree with my friends. ‹stanbul is the place of
tolerance and respect. It’s impossible to collapse this synergy
created by the humanity in ‹stanbul. Come and be a piece
of this harmony.
Resim 5.14
Zeyrek Mosque Former Greek
Orthodox Church
Retrieved form
http://www.turkeytr
avelresource.com/p
ub/article_images/Z
eyrekCamii200612
30_02.jpg
Resim 5.15
Neve Shalom
Sinagogue
Retrieved from
http://www.gezoyla.
com/Neve_Salom_Si
nagogu_gorulecek_
yer/34594
88
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA S‹ZDE
4
Match the sites
in the conversation with the speakers mentioning about
YOURdescribed
TURN
that site and put a tick (√) in the correct box.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
Tablo 5.2
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES Mr. Güzel
Mr. Christiansen
Mr. Jewel
Aflkenazi Synagogue
Beyaz›t Mosque
UYGULAYIN
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
LET’S TH‹NK
Blue Mosque
Eski ‹maret Mosque
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
Eyüp Sultan Mosque
BOOK
Fatih Mosque
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Hagia Sofia ‹ N T E R N E T
INTERNET
Haydarpafla Hemdat
Israel Synagogue
N N
D‹KKAT
‹mrahor ‹lyasA TBey
TENTION
Mosque
Italian Synagogue
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Monastery of
Christ
OBJECTIVES
Pantepoptes
Neve fialom
Synagogue
Studis Monastery
Süleymaniye Mosque
and Külliye
Bu bölümde öncelikle sizden bir seyehat acentas› çal›flan› rolüne girip verilen bilgiler ›fl›¤›nda müflterinizi yönlendirmenizi istiyoruz. Daha sonra ise ülkemizin
önemli inanç turizm merkezi hakk›nda küçük sunumlar haz›rlay›p o merkezleri
muhtemel ziyaretçilele tan›tacaks›n›z.
Dr. Fares would like to visit a far-eastern city for his one-week vacation with
his family on February 6 to 13. They want many activities at the same time: historical
attractions, delicious food, good weather conditions, shopping facilities, friendly
locals and venders, waterfront, and joining a special event like a festival or carnival.
You are working for a travel agency and giving information about major far eastern
urban tourism destinations. Use the information below and write out a dialogue.
TOKYO (JAPAN)
Resim 5.16
A view from Tokyo
Courtesy of Ali
Merç
Population: 13,185,502
Climate in February: Average
high: 10 Celsius; Average low: 3 Celsius
Major Attractions:
Ginza: An exclusive, upscale
shopping area, where many top brand
stores are located.
Akihabara: a the biggest collection
of electronic shops in the world
Asakusa: long the road that heads
towards the Sensoji Temple from
Kaminarimon gate, are many shops
selling traditional Japanese gifts and sweets.
89
Odaiba: A newly developed waterfront and island area in Tokyo bay.
Higashi Gyoen Garden in Imperial Palace: A beautiful garden with plants
and flowers
Tokyo Tower: A symbol of the Tokyo skyline (height is 333m) From the
observatory deck a great panoramic view of Tokyo and surroundings is available.
Ryogoku Kokugikan Sumo Arena: This is the main arena where Sumo
tournaments are held.
Tokyo International Forum (Convention Halls): A large convention
complex which includes various types of halls used for exhibitions, trade shows,
and for concerts of International musical acts and musicians.
Tsukiji Fish Market: Sushi breakfast and an interesting walking tour possible
Festivals and Events: Annual Autumn Festival of Meiji Jingu Shrine, Shibuyaku is held on November 1 to 3.
Food: Mostly Japanese and some fast-food restaurants
Friendliness: 8 out of 10
OSAKA (JAPAN)
Climate in February: Average
high: 9 Celsius ; Average low: 2 Celsius
Major Attractions:
Osaka Aquarium: One of the
biggest complexes in the world. There
are more than 30,000 different
specimens of various marine creatures.
Ame-mura (American Village):
great for shopping and peoplewatching
Festivalgate: There is a
comprehensive selection of activities and attractions for the whole family.
Universal Studios Japan: A massive theme park
The Shitennoji Temple: A Buddhist temple was built more than 1,000 years ago
Dotonbori: Bars, restaurants, theatres, bars, nightclubs and arcades
Osaka Castle Park: A park for jogging and a museum are inside
Tempozan Ferris Wheel: a great way to see Osaka from high up
Festivals and Events: the Tenjin-matsuri is held on July 24 and 25
Food: Mostly Japanese and some fast-food restaurants
SHANGHAI (CHINA)
Climate in February: Average high: 9
Celsius; Average low: 2 Celsius
Major Attractions:
The Bund - This famous waterfront has
been Shanghai’s center since the mid-1800’s.
It offers a taste of the past with the colonial
structures along the promenade and a view
of the future across the river in Pudong.
Resim 5.17
A view from Osaka
Courtesy of Ali
Merç
Resim 5.18
A view from
Shanghai
Courtesy of Ali
Merç
90
Shanghai Museum: A huge museum with 11 galleries and over 120,000 historic
artifacts
Huangpu River Cruise: You can view the main attractions along the coast
with an elegant dinner on boat
Jade Buddha Temple: The most famous temple in Shanghai with ancient
carvings, paintings and precious Buddhist cultural relics
Nanjing Lu: A crowded road for shopping, people-watching, and sightseeing
Yu Yuan Garden: It’s a garden of peace and comfort offers an escape from the
fast pace of the surrounding city.
Shanghai World Financial Center: Provides a good view of the whole city
at a height of 492 meters
Oriental Pearl TV Tower: The tower is 468 meters high, the highest in Asia
and the third highest in the world
People’s Square: A beautiful park with some unique architectures themed
with culture, tourism and business
Festivals and Events: Shanghai International Flower Festival is held on April
6 to 13.
Food: Chinese traditional food and some fast-food restaurants
SINGAPORE
Resim 5.19
A view from
Singapore
Courtesy of Ali
Merç
Climate in February: Average high:
31 Celsius ; Average low: 23 Celsius
Major Attractions:
Night Safari: A unique experience
for seeing wild animals without borders
under lights at night
National Orchid Garden: The
largest display of orchids in the world
to enjoy and appreciate the beauty and
diversity of orchids
National Museum of Singapore: The oldest museum in Singapore with a
chain of dynamic festivals, events and exhibitions right through the year
Arab Street: shopping on both sides of a street for all kind of fabrics, oriental
carpets, perfume, rattan products and Muslim stuff.
Chinatown Street Market at Pagoda Street: Shopping, temples, and
traditional Chinese food are at this magnificent area
Sentosa Island: The top Singapore attraction lined with the finest sandy
beaches at the southernmost part of continental Asia including a water park,
entrainment facilities, and cable car experience for transportation to the island
Orchard Road: Malls and malls along the long road, best for shopping
Singapore River Cruise: Best Night Scenery of Singapore from a Bumboat
Raffles Hotel: One of the world’s greatest Victorian grand hotels.
Festivals and Events: Singapore Street Festival is held on February 15 to 22.
Food: Fast-food restaurants and traditional Chinese, Indian, Indonesian,
Malaysian, Italian, Korean, Thai, and Japanese food
91
You
Dr. Fares
:
:
You
Dr. Fares
You
Dr. Fares
:
:
:
:
S‹ZDE
Good afternoon, sir. How can I help you? SIRA
YOUR TURN
Good afternoon. I and my family would like to visit a far-eastern
city for his one-week vacation.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Sure, sir. What are the exact days?
Ok, let me get the Far East file.
No problem.
Now complete dialogue yourselves.
5
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
K‹TAP
BOOK
BOOK
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
‹NTERNET
Dr. Fares :
INTERNET
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
You
:
__________________________________________________________________
Dr. Fares :
__________________________________________________________________
N N
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
92
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA
Suppose that
youS‹ZDE
are responsible to make a presentation about the religious sites
YOUR TURN
of two cities in Turkey. Below is some information about four cities in Turkey.
Choose twoALIfiTIRMALAR
of them and prepare a short presentation about the major points:
EXERCISES
[(Adapted from Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2005)]
6
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
HATAY UYGULAYIN
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
Resim 5.20
K ‹ T APierre
P
Saint
BOOK
Church-Antakya
Courtesy of Ali
‹ NMerç
TERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
LET’S TH‹NK
Ulu Mosque (Sultan Selim Mosque):
Ulu Mosque, which is known as the
K‹TAP
oldest structure of the city, was
BOOK
constructed in 16th century. It reflects
the initial period architecture of
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
Islamism. It was demolished in 1987,
and reconstructed at the same style.
D‹KKAT
Habibi Neccar Mosque : Habibi
ATTENTION
Neccar Mosque is known as the first
constructed mosque of the city. The
AMAÇLARIMIZ
mosque was constructed instead of an
OBJECTIVES
ancient Roman temple during Baybars
period. It was reconstructed during
Ottoman period in 17th century as it
had been damaged by an earthquake
in the 9th century, but the minaret had
held its former appearance.
Sokullu Mehmet Pafla Kulliye (in
Payas): It includes outstanding structures
primarily a caravansary and bazaar, a
hamam, a mosque, a theology school and a castle. In the inscription on doors of the
caravansary, it is written that it was constructed in 1574 by the grand vizier of Ottoman
Emperor Selim II, Sokullu Mehmet Pafla.
St. Pierre Church: It is on Antakya - Reyhanl› road and at the skirts of Habibi
Neccar Mountain. It is believed that St. Pierre, which was turned into a church
while it was a natural cavern, is the first church of the world. Also, the people who
were following Jesus Christ were first called as “Christian” in this church. In 1963,
it was announced as a hajj place by Papa VI. Paul. Every year on 29th of June a
ceremony is performed here. There are mosaic residues at the floor and frisks on
the walls of the church.
St. Simon Monastery (in Samanda¤): Baptism place, cistern and other
architectural ruins can be seen in Saint Simon Monastery. It was constructed in the
name of St. Simon in the 6th century A.D. It is believed that St. Simon retired into
seclusion on 20 meter-high column and lived there for 45 days. This experience of
St. Simon was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. The pedestal of the
column can also be seen today.
N N
93
MAN‹SA
Ulu Mosque and Kulliye: The Kulliye
is composed of a mosque, a theology
school adjacent to a mausoleum, and a
hamam. The mosque, which was
constructed by ‹shak Çelebi in 1376,
has the most important and attractive
plan of Anatolian Turkish States period.
It is one of the master pieces of art of
Turkish woodcrafts.
Muradiye Mosque and Kulliye:
One of the most precious works of art
of 16th century Ottoman architecture, Muradiye Külliye is a complex composed of
a mosque, a madrasah, a charitable establishment, shops and a library constructed
in the 19th century. The mosque was constructed when Sultan Murat III was a
prince between 1583-1588. Most probably, the scheme of the mosque was made
by Mimar Sinan; however, the process of structure was carried out by Mimar
Mahmut A¤a and after his death by Mimar Mehmet A¤a.
Thyatira (in Akhisar): It is understood that there was a church at the place
where today tile ruins are present within the city. The church is the one of the
seven churches mentioned in the Holy Bible. It also means “Continuous Sacrifice”
and “Hard Deluge”.
Philadelphia Church (in Alaflehir): Wall ruins, behind a house at Himaye-i
Etfal District, are thought to belong to Philadelphia church, which is one of the
seven churches mentioned in the Holy Bible. The name of this church means
“Love” and “Open Gate”.
Sardis (Sard) Church (in Salihli): There is a church, which was built from
tiles and small stones, adjacent to Artemis Temple at Sard. The name of this church,
which is the one of the seven churches mentioned in Holy Bible, means
“Permanent” and “Walk With Me”.
Sardis Synagogue (In Salihli): Sardis Synagogue, which was found in 1962 as
a result of archeological excavations in the capital of Lidia Kingdom, Sardis, is 120
meters long, 18 meters wide and approximately 1000 persons capacity holding a
magnificent structure. It is thought to be belonging to IV - II. centuries B.C., and
reconstructed during first century A.D. after its demolition due to an earthquake.
It is the most magnificent evidence of Hebrew life in Aegean Region.
KIRfiEH‹R
Cacabey
(Medresesi)
Mosque
(Center): The theology school, which
is in the city center, was constructed in
1271-1272 and currently used as a
mosque. It served as an astronomy
institute during Seljuk period. Its
minaret, which is separate from the
structure, was also used as a watch
tower.
Resim 5.21
Sardis SynagogueSalihli-Manisa
Courtesy of Ali
Baflar›r;
Retrievedfrom
http://www.trekeart
h.com/gallery/Midd
le_East/Turkey/Aege
an/Manisa/Salihli/p
hoto1172958.htm
Resim 5.22
Cacabey MosqueK›rflehr Courtesy of
Ali Merç
94
Ahi Evran Mosque and Mausoleum (Center): The mosque and the
mausoleum was constructed in 1482 in the name of Ahi Evran, who was the
founder of Ahilik Organization. One can climb the mausoleum by a ladder inside
the mosque.
Lala Mosque (Lale Mosque-Center): It is in the city center and adjacent to
Melik Gazi Vault. The architectural style of the mosque resemble to that of a
caravansary and a mint.
Melik Gazi Vault (Center): In the southeast of the city center, the vault is
thought to have been built in the 13th century.
Derefak›l› Churches (Akçakent): These churches are among the first Christian
churches, and they are located in Derefak›l› Village, Akçakent district.
MARD‹N
Resim 5.23
Inside the Deyr-ul
Zaferan MonasteryMardin
Courtesy of Ali
Merç
Ulu Mosque : It is within the bedesten and
12th century Artukluo¤lu structure. There are
quite many adornments and decorations in
the mosque.
Latifiye (Abdullatif) Mosque (Center):
It is located at the south of the Republic
Square. From the inscription of the crown
gate, it is understood that it was constructed
by Abdüllatif who was in charge during the
second Artuklu Sultan in 1371.
Zinciriye Medresseh: It is located in
Medrese quarter. Dated 1385, the structure is
composed of a rectangular mosque covering
a wide area, a tomb and several additional
sections. The complex is rich in decoration.
Deyr Ul Zaferan Monastery : 5 km from
east of Mardin, the monastery was
constructed in the 4th century. Engraved
Virgin Mary Church (Theodoros Temple) and Mar Yakup Monastery with Deyr-ul
Zaferan constituted a trio which is one kilometer north from the monastery. Deyr
ul Zaferan is one of the most known structure of Upper Mesopotamia and the
religious center of Süryani Kadim Community. The monastery was built in the 4th
century and mosaics remaining from that period are still present. One of the most
significant properties of the monastery is the fact that the graves of the 52 Syrian
Orthodox patriarchs are in this structure.
Deyr-ul Umur (Mar Gabriel) (in Midyat): It is 18 kilometers from east of
Midyat. One of the renowned and big constructions of Süryani Kadim Community,
the monastery was perched on a high hill. The foundation of the building was
commenced in 397 and completed in a short period of time. Through various
periods, additions had been made inside and outside of the monastery.
Virgin Mary Church (in Midyat): 40 km from east of Midyat county, on
Dargeçit road, it is in Hah (An›tl›) Village.
Mar Yakup Monastery (in Nusaybin): At a distance of one kilometer, it is
located in the west of Deyr-ul Zaferan Monastery. Although the monastery had
been called with the name of Arun in the ancient times, it was known to be
Maryakup. It is estimated that it was built around 1st and 2nd centuries.
95
PRESENTATION 1
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
PRESENTATION 2
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
‹ngilizce’de belirtili ve belirtisiz isimler ‘article’ ad›n› verdi¤imiz sözcüklerle
kullan›l›rlar.
Bu sözcüklerden a/an tekil isimlerle birlikte ve herhangi bilinmeyen bir ismi
belirtmek amac›yla kullan›l›r
Tekil veya ço¤ul belirtili isim veya isim öbekleri için ise the kullan›l›r.
Bu üç sözcük ‹ngilizce’de s›k kullan›lan ve cümle yap›s›nda önemli yeri olan
sözcüklerdir.
Afla¤›daki aç›klamalar bu sözcüklerin kullan›m›n› ayr›nt›lar› ile size aktarmaya
çal›flmakta.
Resim 5.24
Articles (a/an/the)
Articles are used with nouns. A/an is used
with countable nouns whereas ‘the’ is used
with both countable and uncountable nouns.
Archeologists found a pot in their latest
excavation.
Dr. Archy was reading an article about
cities with religious sites.
Mr. and Mrs. Relt will visit the town next
year.
All tourists paid the money to Veli to enter Ephesus.
Also,
‘the’ is used when we are thinking about a specific thing:
Diana is visiting a mosque right now.
Diana is visiting the mosque next to the church.
‘the’ is used when we refer to a person/object/place known by everybody in the
context:
Articles in English
Retrieved from
http://www.scriben
di.com/advice/usin
g_articles_a_an_the
.en.html
96
After this, I’ll visit the Monastery. (Everybody knows about which monastery it is)
‘A/an’ is used to mention about our job. ‘The’ is used when a particular doctor,
dentist, etc. is mentioned:
He is a travel agent, but his wife is an archeologist.
I’m going to see the dentist before our trip to Cairo.
use ‘a/an’ in ‘once a day’, ‘twice a month’, ‘ 3 a kilo’:
We go on a vacation once in a year.
This castle is closed and cleaned three times a month.
‘How much are these bananas?’ ‘T3,5 a kilo’
‘the’ is used for things that are only one:
‹stanbul is the most beautiful city in the world.
The palace we are in now is an architectural masterpiece.
‘the’ is used with ‘same’:
All mosques in that area were almost the same, but this is magnificent.
Do not use articles for the names of meals:
What time is lunch?
What are we going to eat for dinner?
Do not use articles before noun + number:
Our bus to Barcelona leaves from Line 34.
I stay in Room 103, and there is a cockroach on my bed!
‘the’ is used with nationality adjectives:
The Chinese are very kind to tourists.
‘the’ is used to talk about groups of people in ‘the + adjective’ form:
Tourism reforms will benefit the poor and the unemployed in Serbia.
‘the’ is used with musical instruments:
The locals in this town play the guitar in different ways.
‘the’ is used in names with ‘Republic’, ‘Kingdom’, ‘States’, etc.:
I visited the Caribbean Islands last year.
Do not use articles before ‘Mount’ and ‘Lake:
Mount Ararat is the highest mountain in the region.
Lake Tuz looks like a white sheet on a bed.
‘the’ is used with the names of oceans, rivers, seas and canals:
Lake Van is called ‘the Van Sea’ by local people:
I like the Porsuk River in our short trip to Eskiflehir.
‘the’ is used with plural names of people and places:
I’m going to travel with the Browns, how lucky I am!
All exotic beaches are either in the Philippines or in the Bahamas.
Do not use articles before the names of streets/roads/squares/parks, etc:
Our hotel is in Queen Street.
Times Square is the most famous tourist attraction in New York.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
7
Two friendsSIRA
are S‹ZDE
talking about a trip to Rio de Janeiro. Complete the conversation
YOUR TURN
with a suitable article ‘a/an/the’. If there is no need for an article, write Ø.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
97
Mary
:
John
:
Mary
John
:
:
Mary
:
John
Mary
John
Mary
John
:
:
:
:
:
Mary
John
:
:
Mary
John
Mary
:
:
:
John
:
Mary
John
:
:
Mary
John
:
:
Mary
:
Hi John. How are you
doing?
Hi Mary. I’m OK, but a
little tired. I’m just back
from vacation.
Where have you been?
Rio! It was ________ (1)
longest journey I’ve ever
taken in my life.
Rio? It must be ________ (2)
amazing experience! Did you like it?
So much! ________ (3) Brazilians are very helpful and kind.
What was ________ (4) best site in Rio?
To me, Copacabana Beach ________ (5) was excellent.
Did you visit ________ (6) Maracana Stadium?
No, actually. It was under________ (7) construction for________ (8)
Olympic Games in 2016.
What did you have for ________ (9) dinner? It there anything special?
Oh, yes. I tried ________ (10) open-buffet restaurant on ________
(11) Gloria Street.
Is that near ________ (12) Gloria subway station?
Yes. Do you know about ________ (13) Rio?
I had read ________ (14) article about it years ago. And my husband
was there for ________ (15) conference last year. How did you find
________ (16) residents in the city?
They are ________ (17) friendly. But, it seems ________ (18)
unemployment affected ________ (19) poor a lot.
I see. So, do you recommend Rio for ________ (20) family vacation?
Sure, I do. But you should talk to ________ (21) travel agent. Also,
you should ask for ________ (22) guide for some daily tours there.
Thanks for your advice.
You’re welcome. You’ll have ________ (23) greatest moments in your
life!
I hope so.
USEFUL INFORMATION- FAYDALI B‹LG‹LER
Bu bölümde size önce kentsel turizmin belirli ögelerini listeliyoruz. Sonra, önemli bir
inanç turizmi merkezi olarak Türkiye hakk›nda baz› az bilinen bilgileri sunuyoruz.
ELEMENTS OF URBAN TOURISM
Primary Elements
Activity Place
Cultural Facilities
• Museums and Art Galleries
• Theaters and Cinemas
• Concert Halls
• Convention Centers
• Other Visitor Attractions
Resim 5.25
Rio de Janeiro
(Courtesy of Ali
Merç)
98
Sport Facilities
• Indoor and Outdoor
Amusement Facilities
• Night Clubs
• Casinos and Bingo Halls
• Organized Events
• Festivals
Leisure Setting
Physical Characteristics
• Historical Street Pattern
• Interesting Buildings
• Ancients Monuments and Statues
• Parks and Green Areas
• Waterfronts (Harbor, Canal, River)
Socio-Cultural Features
• Liveliness of the Place
• Language
• Local Customs and Costumes
• Cultural Heritage
• Friendliness
• Security
Secondary Elements
• Accommodation
• Catering Facilities
• Shopping
• Markets
Additional Elements
• Accessibility
• Transportation and Parking
• Tourist Information (maps, signs, guides)
[Adapted from Ruetsche (2006)]
SOME FACTS ABOUT TURKEY AS A DESTINATION
FOR FAITH TOURISM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Turkey is known as the Cradle of Civilization.
Turkey borders three major seas (Black, Aegean, and Mediterranean).
Asia Minor (Anatolia) was Turkey’s earlier name.
The first Human Rights Declaration was stated in Turkey in 1463.
Alexander the Great cut the Gordian knot there.
King Midas was born there.
The Orient Express train was destined to ‹stanbul.
Turkey was was the center of two great empires (Byzantine and Ottoman).
Turkey has a 650 year old shopping mall (Kapal› Çarfl›) with 65 streets and
3500 shops.
• Saint Nicholas (Santa Claus) was born there.
• Noah’s Ark landed in the eastern part of Turkey on Mt. Ararat.
• The first international peace treaty was signed between the Hittites and the
Egyptians in 1259 B.C. after the battle of Kadesh.
• Turkey possesses two of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Temple of
Artemis at Ephesus (near Izmir - Turkey) and The Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus (in Bodrum - Turkey)
• Turkey has historical ruins from three of the world’s major religions: Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam.
• Apostle Paul was born there.
• The Jews found refuge during the Inquisition in Anatolia. Beyaz›d II
welcomed the fleeing Jews to ‹stanbul in 1492.
• Turkey is the location of Troy where the Trojan wars were fought.
(Adapted from http://www.faithtourismturkey.com/2010/03/facts-aboutturkey/)
99
100
artificial: produced by humans
average: mean, a typical amount
blessed: holy, sacred
carnival: special festival
catering: the trade of a professional food provider
civilized: having an advanced or humane culture,
society, etc.
competitiveness: having a strong desire to compete
or to succeed.
crowd: any large number of persons
cruise: large boat for a pleasure trip
demolition: an act of destruction
destine: to set apart for a particular use, purpose, etc.
disorder: lack of regular arrangement, confusion
dispel: to cause to disappear
disregard: to pay no attention to
distorted: deformed
diverse: different kinds or forms
excursion: a short trip or outing to some place, usually
for a special purpose and with the intention of a prompt
return
exhibition: a public display, as of the work of artists
or artisans
fair: an exhibition, usually competitive, of farm
products, livestock, etc., often combined in the U.S.
with entertainment and held annually by a county or
state
focus: a central point, as of attraction, attention, or
activity
gate: a great door or entrance
grave: the place for dead bodies on the earth
harbor: a part of a body of water along the shore deep
enough for anchoring a ship and so situated with respect
to coastal features, whether natural or artificial, as to
provide protection from winds, waves, and currents
harmony: agreement
host: to be home to someone or something
intersection: junction, crossroad
legacy: cultural or traditional heritage
marketing: the total of activities involved in the transfer
of goods from the producer or seller to the consumer
or buyer, including advertising, shipping, storing, and
selling.
melting pot: mixture
missionary: a person strongly in favor of a program,
set of principles, etc., who attempts to persuade or
convert others.
municipal: urban, public, belonging to city
mythical: imaginary
observatory deck: A special high place to view the
cityscape
panoramic: an unobstructed and wide view of an
extensive area in all directions.
peaceful: situations, scenes, and activities free of
disturbances
pedestrian: people traveling on foot
pilgrim: a person who journeys, especially a long
distance, to some sacred place as an act of religious
devotion
pilgrimage: a journey, especially a long one, made to
some sacred place as an act of religious devotion
port: harbor
priest: a person responsible for religious actions in
Christianity
promenade: an area used for walking.
rabbi: a person responsible for religious actions in
Judaism
relics: a surviving memorial of something past.
renowned: celebrated, famous
royal: of or pertaining to a king, queen, or other
sovereign
sacred: holy, blessed
simultaneously: at the same time
southernmost: the point at the farthest south
spiritual: relating to sacred things
spot: area, site, point
sustainable: able to be maintained or kept going, as
an action or process
synergy: the interaction of elements that when
combined produce a total effect that is greater than the
sum of the individual elements, contributions, etc.
taste: the act of tasting food or drink.
theology: the field of study and analysis that treats of
God and of God’s attributes and relations to the universe
tolerance: a fair, objective, and permissive attitude
toward opinions and practices that differ from one’s
own
traffic jam: a number of vehicles so obstructed that
they can scarcely move
unique: the only, not typical; unusual
unpolluted: not polluted, clean
urban: related to city
urbanization: taking on the characteristics of a city
visitor-friendly: easy to use by visitors
waterfront: land on the edge of a body of water
woodcraft: woodwork, made from wood
worship: to show profound religious devotion and
respect to God
101
1. People from all religions have lived in
_____________ in many cities of Turkey for centuries.
a. excursion
b. harmony
c. spot
d. arcade
e. taste
6. My sister played _________ guitar during the nights
throughout our vacation.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø
e. some
2. The daily trip to Amasra with the family was a/an
_____________ experience for me.
a. spiritual
b. artificial
c. distorted
d. unique
e. royal
7. Customer: How much are these cherries?
Greengrocer: T5 ________ kilo.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø
e. some
3. What type of tourism is gaining popularity in the
tourism sector?
a. Health Tourism
b. Niche Tourism
c. Eco Tourism
d. Gastro Tourism
e. Faith Tourism
8. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism are ________ most
popular religions in ________ Middle East.
a. the/ Ø
b. Ø/ Ø
c. Ø/the
d. the/the
e. a/ Ø
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the
components of urban tourism?
a. Interesting buildings
b. Shopping malls
c. Spa centers
d. Art galleries
e. Leisure parks
9. John:. Where is Andrew?
Mary: They’re visiting ________ interesting park we
saw yesterday.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø
e. some
5. Which of the following sites is NOT visited in a tour
for the purpose of ‘faith tourism’?
a. mosques
b. monasteries
c. synagogues
d. graves
e. clock houses
10. The synagogue was situated on Ankara ________
road.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø
e. some
102
Answer key to It’s your turn 4
1. a. Historical sites;
b. Waterfront;
c. Friendly native people
2. It means walking around the historical
locations comfortably without too much traffic
and be able to see everthing without too much
interruption.
3. They enable visitors to attend professional
meeting or conferences and at the same time
provide opportunities to the visitor to see other
sites or go shopping and enjoy the city.
4. Oktoberfest, Cannes Film Festival, The Rio
Carnival
5. The visitors take their experiences back with
them. They will talk to their friends and explain
good or bad experiences they had.
Mr. Güzel
Stockholm Amsterdam St
and Külliye
→
√
√
√
√
√
√
Conference
exhibitions
√
Unique visitor
areas
Eating facilities
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Answers will be up to you. They will change
according to your choices.
√
√
√
Studis Monastery
√
√
√
Synagogue
Waterfronts
locals
√
Neve fialom
√
Friendliness of
√
Pantepoptes
√
√
√
Hagia Sofia
Monastery of Christ
√
√
Fatih Mosque
Italian Synagogue
√
and events
√
Mosque
Historical Places
Fairs, carnivals
√
Eyüp Sultan Mosque
‹mrahor ‹lyas Bey
Dublin Rhodes Volterra ‹stanbul
centers and
√
Israel Synagogue
Andrews
√
Blue Mosque
Haydarpafla Hemdat
Criteria
√
Süleymaniye Mosque
Mr. Jewel
√
Beyaz›t Mosque
Eski ‹maret Mosque
1. Faith tourism, also known as religious tourism,
generally takes followers of specific religions to
locations that are holy for them.
2. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
3. One of the oldest synagogues built.
4. It is believed that Noah’s Ark landed on this
mountain.
5. Religious sites are open to everyone.
Destinations →
Mr. Christiansen
Aflkenazi Synagogue
√
1. the
2. an
3. Ø
4. the
5. Ø
6. the
7. Ø
8. the
9. Ø
10. an
11. Ø
12. Ø
13. Ø
14. an
15. a
16. the
17. Ø
18. Ø
19. the
20. a
21. a
22. a
23. the
Answer key to Let us test ourselves
1. b
2. d
3. e
4. c
5. e
6. c
7. a
8. d
9. c
10. d
Ak›fl, A. (2011). The effects of tourism on urban
development: A case study on Antalya-Turkey.
Eastern Geographical Review, 16(25), 193-206.
Retrived on November 11, 2012 from http://edergi.atauni.edu.tr/index.php/dogucografya/article
/view/7379/6617
http://uk.ask.com/what-is/what_is_urban_tourism
http://tr.scribd.com/doc/36918546/Urban-TourismCase-Study-Kl
Reutsche, J. (2006): Urban tourism: What attracts visitors
to cities? University of Wisconsin Extension, Let’s
Talk Business e-Newsletter, Issue 117. Retrieved on
November 11, 2012 from
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/downtowns/ltb/lets/L
TB0506.pdf
European Commission (2000). Towards quality rural
tourism: Integrated Quality Management (IQM) of
rural tourist destinations. Enterprise DirectorateGeneral, Tourism Unit. Luxembourg: Office for
Official Publications of the European Communities.
Retrieved on November 11, 2012 from
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/files
/studies/towards_quality_tourism_rural_urban_coa
stal/iqm_urban_en.pdf
Aktafl, A., Ekin, Y. (2007). Case Study 5: The Importance
and the Role of Faith (Religious) Tourism As
Alternative Tourism Resources in Turkey. In, R. Raj
and N. Morpeth, Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
Festivals Management: An International Perspective,
pp.170-183. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
103
Egresi, I., Bayram, B., Kara, F. & Kesik, O. A. (2012).
Unlocking the potential of religious tourism in
Turkey. GeoJournal of Tourism and GeoSites, 1(9),
63-80. Retrieved on November 11, 2012 from
http://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-12012/6_105_Istvan.pdf
http://www.faithtourismturkey.com/
http://www.goturkeytourism.com/things_to_do/faith_t
ourism_in_turkey.html
http://www.goturkeytourism.com/things_to_do/religio
us_sites_in_turkey.html
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-religioustourism.htm
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
(2005). Faith tourism. Retrieved on November 11,
2012 from http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35768/faithtourism.html
Tharlow, P. E. (2010). Religious and pilgrimage tourism.
Destination World News: The e-Newsletter for
Tourism Destination Professionals, Issue 33.
Retrieved on November 11, 2012 from
http://www.destinationworld.info/newsletter/feature65.html
http://www.faithtourismturkey.com/2010/03/factsabout-turkey/
Murphy, R. (2001). English Grammar in Use: A Reference
and Practice Book for Intermediate Students (Second
Edition). Cambridge: CUP.
http://dictionary.reference.com
6
N
N
N
N
N
Dünya kültürel miras kavram›n›n ne anlama geldi¤ini,
UNESCO Dünya Kültür Miras› listesinin nas›l oluflturuldu¤unu,
Kültürel miras de¤erlerinin ve ölçütlerinin neler ve
Ülkemizde Dünya Kültürel Miras› listesine giren mekanlar›n nereler oldu¤unu aç›klamal› olarak tart›fl›rken,
‹ngilizcede ‘relative clause’ yap›s› hakk›nda bilgi edineceksiniz.
Anahtar Kavramlar - Key Term
• UNESCO World Heritage List
• World Heritage Sites in Turkey
• Relative Clauses
• Language of Interviews
World Heritage
Sites in Turkey
•
•
•
•
•
LET US READ
SITUATION 1
SITUATION 2
INTERVIEWS
• THE RELATIVE CLAUSES
• USEFUL INFORMATION
World Heritage Sites in
Turkey
Ülkemizin tarihi ve kültürel miras aç›s›ndan zengin topraklarda kuruldu¤unu ve
bu miras›m›z› tüm dünya ile paylaflt›¤›m›z› hepimiz biliyoruz. UNESCO dünya kültürüne ve do¤al de¤erlerine sahip ç›kmak ve korumak amac› ile Dünya Kültür Miras› Konvansiyonunu imzaya açm›flt›r. Ülkemiz de bu anlaflmaya imzas›n› koyan
ve onaylayan ülkelerden birisidir. Bu Konvansiyona göre UNESCO tüm dünyaya
mal olan kültür ve do¤a de¤erlerini seçip Dünya Kültürel Miras Listesine alarak o
de¤erleri koruma alt›na almaktad›r.
Bu ünitemizde UNESCO Dünya Kültürel Miras› kavram›n› anlaman›z için baz›
aç›klamalar yap›p ülkemizde bu listeye giren yerleri sizlere tan›tmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
‹lk okuma parçam›z genel anlamda Dünya Kültürel Miras› kavram›n› aç›kl›yor.
LET US READ
Reading 1
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
N DIAL
MO
E
I
ER
W ORLD H
N
P
L
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
wants to support the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and
natural heritage sites around the world which are
considered to be of outstanding value to humanity.
UNESCO defines cultural heritage as the
N IU M U N
IMO
DI
monuments, groups of buildings and sites with
TR
A
A
historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific,
ethnological or anthropological value. On the
other hand, natural heritage refers to outstanding
physical, biological and geological formations,
habitats of threatened species of animals and
plants and areas with scientific, conservation or
aesthetic value.
T
I
AG
The UNESCO World Heritage Site list is made
E
MO
I
R
PAT
by the international World Heritage Program
which is administered by the UNESCO World
Heritage Committee. The committee is composed
of 21 states parties. According to the UNESCO World Heritage, States Parties are
countries that signed and ratified The World Heritage Convention.
Resim 6.1
The World
Heritage Emblem
Retrieved from
http://whc.unesco.
org/en/emblem/
106
The program was founded with the Convention Concerning the Protection of
World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which was adopted by the General
Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972. As of 2012, 962 sites are listed: 745
cultural, 188 natural, and 29 mixed properties, in 157 states.
In order to be listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, a country must first
take an inventory of its significant cultural and natural properties. This is called the
Tentative List. There are ten selection criteria: six cultural and four natural. A site
must meet at least one of them to be included in the list. These criteria are:
Cultural criteria
1. Representing a masterpiece of human creative genius
2. Exhibiting an important interchange of human values, over a period of time,
or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or
technology, monumental arts, town-planning, or landscape design
3. Bearing a unique or exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a
civilization which is living or which has disappeared
4. Being an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural, or
technological group or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in
human history
5. Being an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use,
or sea-use which is representative of a culture, or human interaction with
the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact
of irreversible change
6. Being directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with
ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance
Natural criteria
7. Containing excellent natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural
beauty and aesthetic importance
8. Being an outstanding example representing major stages of Earth’s history,
including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the
development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic
features
9. Being an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological
and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial,
fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems, and communities of plants and
animals
10. Containing the most important and significant natural habitats for the
conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened
species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or
conservation”
107
6. Ünite - World Heritage Sites in Turkey
fiekil 6.1
Italy (47)
Spain (44)
China (43)
France (38)
Germany (37)
Mexico (31)
India (29)
UK (28)
Russia (25)
USA (21)
Australia (19)
Brazil (19)
Greece (17)
Canada (16)
Japon (16)
Iran (15)
Sweden (15)
Portugal (14)
Poland (13)
Czech Republic (12)
Belgium (11)
Peru (11)
Switzerland (11)
Turkey (11)
South Korea (10)
0
20
World Heritage
Sites by Country
Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/World_Her
itage_List
40
World Heritage is perhaps the most significant recognition that can be given to
the natural and/or cultural value of a site. Therefore, they have to be protected
well. According to Article 53 of the Geneva Convention it is prohibited to;
• commit any acts of aggression directed against the historic monuments,
works of art or places of worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual
heritage of people;
• use such objects in support of the military effort;
• make such objects the object of reprisals.
SIRA S‹ZDE
1. How does UNESCO define cultural heritage?
YOUR TURN
___________________________________________________________________
2. When was the ‘Convention Concerning the Protection of
World Cultural and
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Natural Heritage’ first held?
___________________________________________________________________
3. How many World Heritage sites have both cultural and UYGULAYIN
natural value all over
LET’S TH‹NK
the world?
a. 1200
K‹TAP
b. 962
BOOK
c. 745
‹NTERNET
d. 188
INTERNET
e. 29
D‹KKAT
1
N N
4. Which of the following country in the following list has Athe
T T Ehighest
N T I O N number of
sites in the UNESCO World Heritage List?
a. Poland
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
b. Mexico
c. Turkey
d. UK
e. Russia
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
108
5. Name at least two rules that Article 53 of Geneva Conventions states in order to
protect world heritage sites.
a._________________________________________________________________
b._________________________________________________________________
Reading 2
Turkey in the World Heritage List
Turkey signed the World Heritage convention in 1983. Turkey has eleven cultural
and natural sites accepted to the World Heritage list from 1985 to 2012. The
following is a list of these eleven sites.
Tablo 6.1
Site
Year
Type
City/Cities
Historic Areas of Istanbul
1985
Cultural
Istanbul
Göreme National Park and the Rock
Sites of Cappadocia
1985
Cultural and Natural
Nevflehir/Kayseri
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divri¤i
1985
Cultural
Sivas
Hattusha: The Hittite Capital
1986
Cultural
Çorum
Mount Nemrut
1987
Cultural
Ad›yaman
Hierapolis- Pamukkale
1988
Cultural and Natural
Denizli
Xanthos – Letoon
1988
Cultural
Antalya/Mu¤la
City of Safranbolu
1994
Cultural
Karabük
Archaeological Site of Troy
1998
Cultural
Çanakkale
Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex
2011
Cultural
Edirne
Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
2012
Cultural
Konya
The following visual shows the geographical locations of the 11 sites of Turkey
in the World heritage list.
Resim 6.2
Sites in Turkey that
take place in the
World Heritage List
Retrieved from
http://www.goturkey.
com/dunya_mirasi_
en.php?lng=en
Selimiye
Mosgue
Safranbolu
‹stanbul
Troy
Hattusas
Pamukkale-Hierapolis
Xanthos-Letoon
Great Mosgua
Cappadocia
Çatal Höyük
Nemrut
In addition to the 11 cultural and natural sites, that take place in the World
Heritage List, Turkey has 37 other locations that are in the Tentative List:
• Ephesus (1994)
• Karain Cave (1994)
• Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary) (2000)
• Alahan Monastery (2000)
• St. Nicholas Church (2000)
• Harran and fianl›urfa (2000)
• The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel (2000)
• The Citadel and the Walls of Diyarbakir (2000)
• Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Do¤ubeyaz›t (2000)
• Konya-A capital of Seljuk Civilization (2000)
• Alanya (2000)
• Mardin Cultural Landscape (2000)
• Bursa and Cumal›k›z›k Early Ottoman urban and rural settlements (2000)
• St.Paul Church, St.Paul’s Well and surrounding historic quarters (2000)
• Ishak Pasha Palace (2000)
• Kekova (2000)
• Güllük Dagi-Termessos National Park (2000)
• Archaeological Site of Aphrodisias (2009)
• Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization (2009)
• Archaeological Site of Sagalassos (2009)
• Archaeological Site of Perge (2009)
• Eflrefo¤lu Mosque (2011)
• The Archaeological Site of Göbeklitepe (2011)
• Hatay, St. Pierre Church (2011)
• Bergama (2011)
• Aizanoi Antique City (2012)
• Historic City of Ani (2012)
• Archeological Site of Zeugma (2012)
• Gordion (2012)
• Historic Town of Birgi (2012)
• Mausoleum and Sacred area of Hecatomnus (2012)
• Medieval City of Beçin (2012)
• Historical Monuments of Ni¤de (2012)
• Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop (2012)
• Odunpazar› Historical Urban Site (2012)
• Mamure Castle (2012)
• Hac› Bektafl Veli Complex (2012)
Protection of locations and sites that have historical, cultural or natural value is
very important. Turkey must try to protect these sites by establishing rules.
• It is necessary to prepare appropriate management plans with effective
implementation for the World Heritage Sites of Turkey.
• Conservation and protection measures can be strengthened by identification
of buffer zones for prevention of construction activities in the adjoining
areas to World Heritage Sites.
• It is essential to develop and implement an efficient ‘Visitor Management
Plan’ in the framework of Management Plan for these sites.
109
110
• Strong efforts should be made to increase the awareness of local population
living in the vicinity of World Heritage Site about significance of the site.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
2
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
EXERCISES
2. Which of the sites in the Tentative list from Turkey was put in the list earlier
than others?UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
a. Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop
b. Mamure
Castle
K‹TAP
B O O KMosque
c. Eflrefo¤lu
d. St. Nicholas Church
‹ N T E R N E THistorical Urban Site
e. Odunpazar›
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
SIRA
S‹ZDE
1. How many
sites
in Turkey have been in the UNESCO World Heritage List? Are
YOUR TURN
they based on cultural or natural criteria?
___________________________________________________________________
ALIfiTIRMALAR
INTERNET
3. Which site
in Turkey was/were first added to the World Heritage Site?
D ‹ Kor
K Asites
T
ATTENTION
___________________________________________________________________
N N
4. Which ones
the last?
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
___________________________________________________________________
5. What is needed to protect the World Heritage Sites of Turkey?
___________________________________________________________________
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
3
SIRA S‹ZDE
Find the synonyms
of the following words from the text and write in the blanks.
YOUR TURN
Use your dictionary when necessary.
1. placeALIfiTIRMALAR _______________
EXERCISES
2. inheritance
_______________
3. managed
_______________
UYGULAYIN
4. confirmed
_______________
LET’S TH‹NK
5. accepted
_______________
6. on behalf of
_______________
K‹TAP
7. forbidden
_______________
BOOK
8. meeting
_______________
9. next-door
_______________
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
HOW WOULD
THEY SAY IT?
D‹KKAT
N N
Bu bölümde
Miras› listesinde yer alan iki önemli kültür merkezimiA TDünya
T E N T I O Kültür
N
zin tan›t›ld›¤› konuflmalar› okuyorsunuz. Bu konuflmalar size daha baflka önemli
merkezleri AMAÇLARIMIZ
anlatmak istedi¤inizde fikir verecek ve yol gösterecektir. fiimdi Dünya
OBJECTIVES
Kültür Miras› Listesinde yer alan de¤erlerimiz Selimiye Camii ve Safranbolu Evleri
hakk›nda yap›lan konuflmalar› okuyal›m.
SITUATION 1
A Visit to Selimiye Mosque and Its Social Complex
A group of students are interviewing their history teacher about Selimiye Mosque
and its social complex in Edirne, Turkey.
111
Student: Good morning Dr. Selim Bilir. We would like to learn about the Selimiye
Mosque and its social complex.
Dr. Bilir: Good morning. Welcome to my office. I’ll be pleased to give you
information about this site. Please do not hesitate to ask your questions.
Student: Where exactly are Selimiye Mosque and its social complex? Can you
give us information about the location?
Dr. Bilir: OK. It’s in Edirne. Edirne, which was known as Adrianople until the
Ottoman period, is located at the northeastern Turkey, and is easily
accessible by bus from Istanbul and Çanakkale. Edirne was the second
capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Student: Are there any other historical
buildings in Edirne?
Dr. Bilir: Sure, there are. But, this is the
most famous one, not only in
Edirne, but all over the world.
Student: What are the other buildings
around the mosque?
Dr. Bilir: Actually, it is a complex. The
complex, which was built in the
historic
centre
of
Edirne
comprises two madrasas, I mean
Islamic schools, a primary school,
a clock house, a library, a
courtyard, and a covered bazaar
besides the wonderful mosque.
Student: Oh, it sounds great! When was it
built?
Dr. Bilir: It was built between 1569 and
1575.
Student: Where does its name come from? What does it mean?
Dr. Bilir: It takes its name from the reigning Ottoman Sultan Selim II. It’s common
to name the mosques with the Sultans’ names who have financed the
mosque. I’m sure you remember Süleymaniye Mosque in ‹stanbul that
we visited the other day.
Student: Oh, yes. I see. I’ve heard that it was built by the same architecture. Am
I right?
Dr. Bilir: Yes, Sinan, who is considered as the best architect ever, built this
complex as his masterpiece work.
Student: What makes Selimiye Mosque so special?
Dr. Bilir: The mosque is unique with its single dome and four slim and elegant
minarets.
Student: What else?
Dr. Bilir: When looking from the roads leading to Edirne, the four minarets seem
as if they are only two as they are symmetrically placed. There are 384 windows in
Selimiye Mosque in total, together with court windows. And the dome’s architecture
is called ‘beyond possibility’. It is structurally superior to Hagia Sophia, the dome of
which is frequently compared to the dome of Selimiye Mosque. The Selimiye Mosque
and its social complex was announced in the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 2011.
Resim 6.3
Selimiye Mosque
in Edirne
Courtey of Ali
MERÇ
112
Student: Oh, really? I know that there are some criteria to be listed in World
Heritage.
Dr. Bilir: You are right. According to Criterion 1 by UNESCO, The Selimiye
Mosque Complex at Edirne is a masterpiece of the human creative
genius of the architect Sinan, the
Resim 6.4
most famous of all Ottoman
architects in the 16th century.
The Dom, Selimiye
Mosque
Student: I see. Any other criteria?
Retrieved from
Dr. Bilir:Yes. According to
http://selimiye.edirneg
Criterion 4, The Selimiye Mosque
ezi.com/Selimiye_
camii_ic_mimari.htm
with its dome, spatial concept,
architectural and technological
collection and location at the top
of the cityscape illustrates an
important step in human history,
the highest point of the Ottoman
Empire. The interior decoration
using Iznik tiles is unique. Also, the
mosque represents the most pleasant look of the külliye, which is a
special Ottoman type of complex.
Student: What about integrity?
Dr. Bilir: The Selimiye Mosque Complex, which includes all the characteristics of
its excellent universal value, is well-maintained. Also, it is very important
that all view corridors are
Resim 6.5
still protected.
Selimiye MosqueStudent: Authenticity?
Interior, Retrieved
Dr. Bilir: The Mosque
from
Complex
holds
its
http://selimiye.edirne
authenticity in terms of
gezi.com/Selimiye_
camii_ic_mimari.
form and design, materials
htm
and
substance.
The
Mosque and the covered
bazaar
hold
their
authenticity in terms of use
and function, spirit and feeling. The madrasas have been modified to
be used as museums.
Student: This place is great! It deserves all of the praises! Thank you very much
for your time.
Dr. Bilir: You’re welcome.
SITUATION 2
An Interview on the City of Safranbolu
A journalist is interviewing the UNESCO Representative (UR) about the City of
Safranbolu.
Journalist: I would like to thank you on behalf of my readers. You wanted to
talk to me about the City of Safranbolu.
UR: Not at all. It’s my pleasure to introduce this great site.
Journalist: Good. I want to start with the city. Where is Safranbolu?
113
Resim 6.6
UR: Safranbolu is a town
and district of Karabük
A view from the City
Province in the Black Sea
of Safranbolu
Retrieved from
region of Turkey. It is about
http://fotogaleri.haberl
two hundred kilometers north
er.com/safranboluof Ankara and about a
evlerinin-depremsirri/resim-17/
hundred kilometers south of
the Black Sea coast, or more
precisely about 9 kilometers
north of the city of Karabük.
Journalist: Where does its
name
come
from?
UR:
The name of the
town derives from saffron, since Safranbolu was a trading place and
a center for saffron cultivation.
Journalist: What is the importance of Safranbolu’s location?
UR:
The City of Safranbolu is an example of a typical Ottoman trade
town. It has played a key role in the caravan trade on the main route
between Europe and the Orient.
Journalist: What makes Safranbolu special?
UR:
It’s a typical Ottoman town that has survived to the present day. The
architectural forms of the buildings and streets in the city are examples
of their time.
Journalist: What are there in the Old Town, then?
Resim 6.7
A trading
street in
Safranbolu
Retrieved
from
http://www.saf
ranboluevleri.
net/fotograflar
.asp
The Old Town preserves many old buildings, with 1008 registered
historical artifacts. These are a private museum, 25 mosques, 5 tombs,
8 historical fountains, 5 Turkish baths, 3 caravanserais, a historical
clock tower, a sundial and hundreds of houses and mansions. Also
there are many ancient settlements, rock tombs and historical bridges.
Journalist: It sounds great. When was the City of Safranbolu taken to the World
Heritage List?
UR:
On December 17, 1994.
Journalist: What were the main criteria for this site to be cited in the list?
UR:
Resim 6.8
The Sun Dial
Retrieved from
http://www.saf
ranboluevleri.
net/fotograflar
.asp
114
The caravan trade was the main commercial link between the Orient
and Europe for centuries. As a result, towns of characteristic type
grew up along its route. With the coming of railways in the 19th
century, these towns suddenly lost their importance and most of them
were adapted to other economic bases. Safranbolu was not affected
in this way and as a result has preserved its original form and buildings.
This is the first criteria.
Journalist: What else?
UR:
Safranbolu, which was quite rich with its key role in the caravan trade
for many centuries, was able to set a standard in public and domestic
architecture that exercised a great influence on urban development
over a large area of the Ottoman Empire
Journalist: Even these are enough, I think. Any other criteria?
UR:
Yes, one more. It needs protection. The end of the caravan trade had
a negative effect on Safranbolu. Its closeness to the Karabük
Steelworks has given it a new socio-economic role, but it is still in
danger to external pressures. So, continuous efforts must be made to
preserve the traditional City of Safranbolu.
Journalist: Thank you very much for your information. What would you like to
say as your last words?
UR:
I recommend everybody to see the City of Safranbolu before they die
UR:
Resim 6.9
Resim 6.10
Interior of a
Safranbolu
House
Retrieived from
http://www.saf
ranboluevleri.
net/fotograflar.
asp
A Historic
Safranbolu
House
Retrieved from
http://www.saf
ranboluevleri.
net/fotograflar
.asp
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF INTERVIEWS
Yukar›da iki kültür miras›n› karfl›l›kl› konuflmalarla tan›tan iki söylefli okudunuz.
Bu söyleflilerde belirli kal›p sorular soruldu¤una dikkat etmiflsinizdir.
Bu tür söyleflilerde nas›l sorular sorulabilir, nas›l yan›tlar verilir size fikir vermeye çal›fl›yoruz. Kullan›lan söylefli kal›plar›na ve yap›lara dikkat ederek benzer söyleflileri siz de yürütebilirsiniz.
Söyleflilerde bir gazeteci, bir TV muhabiri veya program sunucusu veya konuya merakl› olan birisi olabilir. Bu kifliler sorular›n› konusunda uzman kiflilere yönlendirirler. Söyleflilerde amaç mümkün oldu¤u kadar çok ve aç›klama gerektiren
sorular sorarak konu hakk›nda bilgi edinmektir.
Yukar›daki söyleflilerde yer alan sorular› bir kez daha gözden geçirelim sonra
da bir al›flt›rma da kendimiz yapal›m.
An interview takes place between a journalist, an anchorman, or presenter of
a program (interviewer) and someone who has been invited to the program or to
a specific place to speak about a particular topic (interviewee). The interviewee is
115
often an expert on the topic or someone who has strong opinions, for example a
cinema critic talking about a new film.
The Language of Interviewers
In every interview, we find examples of real questions asked to the interviewees.
Also, an interviewer can agree or disagree with the interviewee. Sometimes, he/she
can help the interviewee say more with his/her comments or questions.
During the interviews, the interviewer’s job is to prompt or help the interviewee
to talk. If the interviewer uses too many direct questions, the interviewee will soon
stop speaking. Therefore, the interviewer uses comments such as conclusions,
summaries, and sometimes contrasting opinions to help the interviewee speak
about the topic.
Now, look at the questions and other statements made by the interviewers in
the situations given in ‘How Would You Say’ section above:
Situation 1:
• Where exactly are Selimiye Mosque and its social complex? Can you give us
information about the location?
• Are there any other historical buildings in Edirne?
• What are the other buildings around the mosque?
• Oh, it sounds great! When was it built?
• Where does its name come from? What does it mean?
• Oh, yes. I see. I’ve heard that it was built by the same architecture. Am I
right?
• What makes Selimiye Mosque so special?
• What else?
• Oh, really? I know that there are some criteria to be listed in World Heritage.
• I see. Any other criteria?
• What about integrity?
• Authenticity?
• This place is great! It deserves all of the praises!
Situation 2:
• I want to start with the city. Where is Safranbolu?
• Where does its name come from?
• What is the importance of Safranbolu’s location?
• What makes Safranbolu special?
• What are there in the Old Town, then?
• It sounds great. When was the City of Safranbolu taken to the World Heritage
List?
• What were the main criteria for this site to be cited in the list?
• What else?
• Even these are enough, I think. Any other criteria?
• Thank you very much for your information. What would you like to say as
your last words?
SIRA S‹ZDE
Below is an interview conducted by a journalist with Mr. Pamuk,
the Director of
YOUR TURN
Tourism in Denizli about Hierapolis-Pamukkale. Complete the interview with
suitable questions or comments.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
4
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
‹NTERNET
116
Resim 6.11
Views from
Hierapolis and
Pamukkale
Reference:
(Somuncu & Yi¤it,
2010: 21)
Journalist: _______________________________________________________(1)
Mr. Pamuk: You’re welcome. It’s my pleasure.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (2)
Mr. Pamuk: Pamukkale is located about 20 km north of Denizli province Center
in the Aegean region of Turkey.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (3)
Mr. Pamuk: It means ‘Cotton-castle’.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (4)
Mr. Pamuk:
Yes it is white as its name offers.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (5)
Mr. Pamuk: Hierapolis-Pamukkale was an ancient spa center. The hot springs
here have been used as a spa since the 2nd century BC. Under
Hellenistic and Roman rule, it became a healing center where
doctors used the hot thermal springs as a treatment for their patients.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (6)
Mr. Pamuk: OK. Let’s talk about Hierapolis first. An exceptional example of a
Greco-Roman thermal system was established in Hierapolis. Also,
the Christian monuments of Hierapolis constitute an outstanding
example of an early Christian architectural complex.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (7)
Mr. Pamuk: The Pamukkale travertine was created by thermal water putting
down the calcium carbonate it contained. The natural wonder of
Pamukkale travertine has a 160 meters tall and 2700 meters long
cascade. With its brilliant white color, it can be seen about a distance
of 20 km. In Pamukkale, there are 17 thermal springs with water
temperatures between 35-100-C.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (8)
Mr. Pamuk: On December 9, 1988.
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (9)
Mr. Pamuk: Yes, it’s the fifth site in the list from Turkey.
Journalist: _____________________________________________________ (10)
Mr. Pamuk: Criterion 3 says that Hierapolis is an exceptional example of a
Greco-Roman thermal system made on a natural site.
Journalist: _____________________________________________________ (11)
Mr. Pamuk: According to criterion 4. the Christian monuments of Hierapolis,
built between the 4th and the 6th centuries, gives a great example
of an Early Christian architectural group with a cathedral, baptistery
and churches
Journalist: ______________________________________________________ (12
Mr. Pamuk: There’s one more. Criterion 7 says that the site contains exceptional
natural phenomena or areas of special natural beauty and aesthetic
importance.
Journalist: _____________________________________________________ (13)
Mr. Pamuk: Yes, the first two were historical criteria, but this one is a natural
site criterion.
Journalist: _____________________________________________________ (14)
Mr. Pamuk: A management plan has been prepared for Hierapolis-Pamukkale
in 2002.
Journalist: _____________________________________________________ (15)
Mr. Pamuk: This sacred land dressed in white is waiting for people who want
to heal in its waters with a natural therapy.
Journalist: _____________________________________________________ (16)
Mr. Pamuk: You’re welcome.
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
THE RELATIVE CLAUSES
‹ngilizcede Relative Clause ismini verdi¤imiz yap›lar hakk›nda bilgi aktar›yoruz.
Ayn› özne veya nesneyi paylaflan cümleleri ayr› ayr› söylemek yerine bu cümlelerin ortak özne veya nesnelerini relative pronoun kullanarak birlefltirebiliriz.
How to Form a Relative Clause?
a) Relative pronoun replacing a subject or relative pronoun as subject:
Look at these two sentences.
The visitor is at the reception desk.
The visitor has a dog.
It is strange to give two different types of information about the same subject
in two different sentences. It is easier to put these two sentences together by the
use of a relative pronoun.
The sentences share the same object ‘the visitor’. So it is possible to combine
these sentences as:
The visitor who (that) is at the reception desk has a dog.
Let us have some more examples. Notice that these sentences share the same
subject noun.
The bell boy lost his key.
The bell boy was not careful.
The bell boy who lost his key was not very careful.
Notice that the relative pronoun is used right after the subject noun.
Here is another example. Notice that the subject noun is not human.
The sauna is on the first floor.
The sauna opens at 8 o’clock.
The sauna which (that) is on the first floor opens at 8 o’clock.
The relative pronouns used for animate (live) subject nouns can be who or
that; for inanimate subject nouns which or that is used.
b) Relative pronoun replacing an object or relative pronoun as object:
Look at these two sentences. The object noun in one sentence is identical to
the subject noun. Therefore, we have a different type of a replacement.
The hotel is on the beach.
117
118
I like this hotel.
Combined with a relative pronoun we have:
The hotel which (that) I like is on the beach.
Now let us look at two sentences where the object and subject nouns are
animate.
The waiter served the customer.
The customer was not nice.
The customer whom (that) the waiter served was not nice.
In this kind of relative clauses it is possible to omit the relative pronouns. So
the above sentences can be rewritten as:
The hotel I like is on the beach.
The customer the waiter served was not nice.
c) Relative pronoun replacing a possessive or relative pronoun as
possessive:
Look at the following sentences: In these sentences we have possessives nouns.
I know the man.
The man’s (his) car was stolen.
I know the man whose car was stolen.
The student writes well.
I read student’s (his) composition.
The student whose composition I read writes well.
When the possessive nouns belong to the inanimate nouns the relative pronoun
is still whose.
Mr Jones has a painting.
Its value is unimaginable.
Mr Jones has a painting whose value is unimaginable
d) Relative clauses starting with a preposition:
The customer is the woman.
I told you about the customer.
The customer is the woman about whom I told you. (very formal English)
The customer is the woman whom (that) I told you about.
The relative pronoun can be omitted.
She is the woman Ø I told you about.
For inanimate possessive nouns:
The music was good.
We listened to it last night. (here it refers to the music)
The music to which we listened last night was good. (very formal English)
OR
The music which we listened to last night was good.
OR
The music that we listened to last night was good.
OR
The music Ø we listened to last night was good.
119
Summary of the relative pronouns
Subject
People
WHO (THAT)
Things
THAT
(WHICH)
People
Ø / THAT /
WHO / WHOM
Ø / THAT /
WHICH
Object
Things
Possessive
People
WHOSE
Things
OF WHICH /
WHOSE
People
Ø / THAT /
WHO /
WHOM+…+
PREP
PREP. +
WHOM …
Ø / THAT /
WHICH +…+
PREP.
PREP + WHICH …
Prepositional
Things
The man who can lift a car is with us in our tour.
The map that shows the whole are belongs to the
tour guide.
Tablo 6.2
Summary of the
relative pronouns
The woman you met in the tour bus is very famous.
The archeological site we are visiting is the oldest
among all.
The tourist whose suitcase was stolen is from the
Netherlands.
The ancient stadium whose walls have been
destroyed is a great place.
This is the chef about whom I told yesterday.
This is the chef I told about yesterday.
These are the ruins I told you about in the tour
bus.
These are the ruins about which I told you in the
tour bus.
Combine the two sentences using relative clauses
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
5
1. Someone made the arrangements for the boat tour in Porsuk
River. It was Ali.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
______________________________________________________________________
2. Mihrimah Sultan Camii was completed in 1548. It is a well-situated building.
UYGULAYIN
______________________________________________________________________
LET’S TH‹NK
3. Someone’s bag got lost at the museum. It was fienay.
___________________________________________________________________
K‹TAP
BOOK
4. Is that the new station for the tour buses? The guide gave detailed
information
about it this morning.
‹NTERNET
___________________________________________________________________
INTERNET
6. The Korean tourists’ names were not written in the guest list. They were all
very angry.
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
______________________________________________________________________
N N
7. This is the bellboy. I gave money to him when I checked
in.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
______________________________________________________________________
8. ‹brahim Pasha was the Grand Vizier of Süleyman the Magnificent. The Sultan
executed him in 1536.
______________________________________________________________________
9. The remains of Romans in this site should not be missed. Such a lot has been
written for them.
______________________________________________________________________
10.The problem has been solved by the tour guide. You were really concerned
about it yesterday.
______________________________________________________________________
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
120
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA S‹ZDE
Read the following
sentences with relative clauses about UNESCO Wold Heritage
YOUR TURN
Sites. Then, rewrite them in two different sentences.
1. OriginalALIfiTIRMALAR
Sentence: A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place (such as a forest,
EXERCISES
mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that is listed by
the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance.
UYGULAYIN
Sentence
1: ________________________________________________________
LET’S TH‹NK
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________
2. Original Sentence:
The committee is composed of 21 states parties which are
K‹TAP
elected byB their
O O K General Assembly.
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________
T E R________________________________________________________
NET
Sentence‹ N2:
INTERNET
3. Original Sentence: According to the UNESCO World Heritage website, States
Parties are
countries that signed and ratified The World Heritage Convention.
D‹KKAT
Sentence
A T T1:E N________________________________________________________
TION
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________
4. OriginalAMAÇLARIMIZ
Sentence: The program was founded with the Convention Concerning
OBJECTIVES
the Protection
of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which was adopted by
the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972.
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________
5. Original Sentence: World Heritage is perhaps the most significant recognition
that can be given to the natural and/or cultural value of a site.
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________
6. Original Sentence: Turkey has 37 other properties that are in the Tentative
List.
Sentence 1: ________________________________________________________
Sentence 2: ________________________________________________________
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
6
N N
USEFUL INFORMATION
Bu bölümde UNESCO Dünya Kültür Miras› listesinde yer alan ülkemiz de¤erlerini
k›sa k›sa sizlere tan›tmaya ve bilgi aktarmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
In this unit, we learned about three of the sites in Turkey, which are listed in
the World Heritage List: Selimiye Mosque and Its Social Complex, HierapolisPamukkale, and The City of Safranbolu. Below is some brief information about the
other World Heritage Sites in Turkey.
Adapted from http://www.worldheritagesite.org/countries/turkey.html
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divri¤i
Inscribed: 1985
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (1) (4)
Category: Religious structure, Islamic
Divrigi Great Mosque and Hospital are an ornately decorated mosque and a
medical complex recognized for their lovely carvings and architecture. In 1228-29,
when Divrigi was under the rule of the Bey of Mengücek Emir Ahmed Shah, he
commissioned the mosque which stands fully in one piece. The next-door Hospital
was built simultaneously with the mosque by Turan Melek Sultan. The geometrical
121
and floral patterned reliefs
found on the main door in
particular attract great
interest.
The
architect
probably was inspired by
Armenian and Georgian
constructions.
Resim 6.12
Divri¤i
Retrieved from
http://www.divrig
im.com/divrigigr
eatmosque.asp
Göreme National
Park and the Rock
Sites of Cappadocia
Inscribed: 1985
Mixed (Cultural and Natural)
Heritage
Criteria: (1) (3) (5) (7)
Category: Natural landscape,
Eroded Archaeological site,
Byzantine
Göreme National Park and
the Rock Sites of Cappadocia
lie in the mid-western part of
Turkey. The extraordinary
landscape was formed millions
of years ago, the combined
work
of
lava
spitting
volcanoes, wind and water. In
a spectacular landscape,
entirely sculpted by erosion, the
Göreme
valley
and
its
surroundings contain rockhewn sanctuaries that provide
unique evidence of Byzantine
art in the post-Iconoclastic
period. Dwellings, troglodyte
villages and underground
towns - the remains of a
traditional human habitat
dating back to the 4th century
- can also be seen there.
Religious Byzantine paintings
can be found on the walls of
the churches and monasteries.
Resim 6.13
Cappadocia
Courtesy of Ali
MERÇ
Resim 6.14
Interior of
Elmal› Church
in Göreme
Retrieved from
https://www.go
ogle.com.tr/sea
rch
122
Historic Areas of Istanbul
Resim 6.15
Resim 6.16
St. Sofia
Retrieved from
http://www.go
ogle.com.tr/
imgres
Sultan Ahmet
Mosque and St.
Sofia at night
Retrieved from
http://www.google.
com.tr/imgres
Inscribed: 1985
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (1) (2) (3) (4)
Category: Urban landscape, Urban continuity
The Historic Areas of Istanbul hold unique monuments from the Byzantine and
Ottoman civilizations. Istanbul’s history is a very long one: already in 395 (then
named Constantinopel) the city was made capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
The Hagia Sophia dates from this Christian era: it was constructed by Emperor
Justinianus. The Blue Mosque is located just across the street from the Hagia
Sophia. It was built during the 17th century. On the outside are the 6 minarets as
its main characteristics . Inside it is decorated with blue tiles and numerous carpets.
Hattusha: The Hittite Capital
Resim 6.17
Lion Gate to
Hattusha
Retrieved from
http://www2.bunde
skunsthalle.de/ausst
ellungen/hethiter/p/
loewentor.jpg
Resim 6.18
Aerial view of
Hattusha Retrieved
from
http://history-bykyle.blogspot.com/2
012/09/
empires-of-hittiteshurrians-andmiddle.html
Inscribed: 1986
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (1) (2) (3) (4)
Category: Archaeological site, Near
Eastern
Hattusha is the old capital of the
Hittites, people that lived during the
period of the Egyptian pharaohs. Its
heydays were from 1375 to 1200 BC.
The archaeological site of Hattusha
is notable for its urban organization,
the types of construction that have
been preserved (temples, royal
residences, fortifications), the rich
ornamentation of the Lions’ Gate and
the Royal Gate. The Hittites built their
capital on a site that could be well
defended. It was surrounded by a
wall, to fortify it even more. The wall
was decorated with two gates, the
Kings Gate in the southeast and the
Lions Gate in the southwest
123
Mount Nemrut
Resim 6.19
Inscribed: 1987
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (1) (3) (4)
Category: Archaeological site, Near
Eastern
Mount Nemrut comprises the
Hellenistic
mausoleum
of
Antiochus. In the first century BC,
the Roman-Persian king Antiochus
I of Commagene (a kingdom north
of Syria and the Euphrates) ordered a
grave and temples to be built on this site. On two sides of the mountaintop terraces
were set up for meters high statues of the gods and himself. The statues represent
Apollo, Fortuna, Heracles and Zeus. The heads of the statues have fallen down in
the course of years, and have been erected again on the place they fell. They are
all about 2 meters high. It is suspected that the grave of Antiochus himself is
hidden under the mountaintop, beneath a heavy layer of debris.
Mount Nemrut
Retrieved from
http://www.tourexpi.
com/trtr/urlaubsbilder.html
~picid=617
Xanthos-Letoon
Resim 6.20
Xanthos-Letoon
Retrieved from
http://www.goog
le.com.tr/imgres
Resim 6.21
The Temple at Xaanthos
Letoon
http://www.google.com.tr
/imgres
Inscribed: 1988
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (2) (3)
Category: Archaeological site, Classical (other)
Xanthos-Letoon is an archeological site consisting of two separate locations that
represent the Lycian civilization. Their art work is well known. Some of the
monumental tombs that were taken to the British Museum, the most famous being
the Nereid Monument, the Harpy Monument and the Payava Sarcophagus. Xanthos
was the name of a city in ancient Lycia. It was a center of culture and commerce
for the Lycians. The archeological excavations at Xanthos have yielded many texts
in Lycian and Greek, including several bilingual texts that are useful in the
decipherment of Lycian. The sanctuary of Leto called the Letoon near Xanthos, was
one of the most important religious centers of the Lycian region. The foundations
of the Hellenistic temple dedicated to Leto, and her children, Artemis and Apollo,
have been excavated. Archaeologists have excavated much of the ruins; discoveries
include the Letoon trilingual, bearing inscriptions in Greek, Lycian and Aramaic,
which has provided crucial keys in the deciphering of the Lycian language.
124
Archaeological Site of Troy
Resim 6.22
Ruins in Troy
Retrieved from
http://www.gezipgor
duk.com/index.php
/tag/truva/
Resim 6.23
The Trojan Horse
Retrieved from
http://www.rockcity
tours.com/turkey_
heritagelist.html
Inscribed: 1998
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (2) (3) (6)
Category: Archaeological site,
Ancient Greece
The Archaeological Site of
Troy is the traditional location of
Homeric Troy. In the 1870s
Heinrich Schliemann, excavated
the area. Later excavations
revealed several cities built in
succession to each other successfully. One of the earlier cities (Troy VII) is often
identified with Homeric Troy. Troy is a legendary city and center of the Trojan
War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic
poems attributed to Homer.
The Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
Resim 6.24
Çatalhöyük
Excavation
Retrieved from
http://www.yasamv
esaglik.com/forum/
turizm-gezi-dogave-sehir-rehberi
125
Inscribed: 2012
Cultural Heritage
Criteria: (2) (3) (4)
Category: Archaeological site, Prehistoric
The Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük consists of two tells with remains from the
Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. This was a large settlement, and the sites were
permanently inhabited. Mud-brick houses have been found as well as wall paintings
and other decorations. Burials were mostly beneath house floors. The site dates
mainly from 7,400-5,500 BC. A wealth of goods and tools were excavated here,
including stamp seals. The settlement was first excavated between 1961 and 1965.
It has a unique level of preservation for a site of this age.
The findings from the excavations are on exhibit in Ankara Anatolian
Civilizaitons Museum. (See picture 6.24 and 6.25)
Resim 6.25
Deer Hunt
Paintings
Retrieved from
http://www.guidemartine.com/cent
ralanatolia8.asp
Resim 6.26
Mother Goddess
Retrieved from
http://www.istecumra.net/
cumra/genel/catalhoyuk.
html
126
aesthetic: pertaining to a sense of the beautiful
aggression: any offensive action, attack, or procedure
artifact: a handmade object, as a tool, or the remains
of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier
time or cultural stage, especially such an object found
at an archaeological excavation
attribute: to regard as resulting from a specified cause;
consider as caused by something indicated
authenticity: the quality of being real or true
buffer zone: an area intended to separate two armies
that are fighting
candidate: a person or thing considered likely to
receive or experience something
caravan: a group of people with vehicles or animals
who travel together for safety through a dangerous area,
especially across a desert on camels
cascade: a small waterfall, often one of a group
cityscape: a view of a city, especially a large urban
center
coastal: situated on, or relating to the coast
commercial: related to buying and selling things
commission: to formally choose someone to do a
special piece of work
commit: to do something illegal or something that is
considered wrong
complex: involving a lot of different but related parts
conservation: the protection of plants and animals,
natural areas, and interesting and important structures
and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of
human activity
constitute: to be or be considered as something
construction: the work of building or making
something, especially buildings, bridges, etc.
convention: a large formal meeting of people who do
a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large
meeting for a political party
courtyard: an area of flat ground outside which is
partly or completely surrounded by the walls of a
building
covered bazaar: an area of small shops and people
selling things, especially in the Middle East and South
Asia
crucial: extremely important or necessary
debris: broken or torn pieces of something larger
decipher: to discover the meaning of something written
badly or in a difficult or hidden way
description: something that tells you what something
or someone is like
determine: to make a strong decision
disappear: If people or things disappear, they go
somewhere where they cannot be seen or found
diversity: when many different types of things or
people are included in something
dome: a rounded roof on a building or a room, or a
building with such a roof
dotted: a line of dots
erect: to build a building, wall or other structure
eroded: slowly reduced or destroyed
excavate: to remove earth that is covering very old
objects buried in the ground in order to discover things
about the past
exceptional: much greater than usual, especially in
skill, intelligence, quality, etc
fault: a mistake, especially something for which you
are to blame
floral: made of flowers, or decorated with pictures of
flowers
found: to bring something into existence
genius: very great and rare natural ability or skill,
especially in a particular area such as science or art, or
a person who has this
healing center: an institution or building for making
or becoming well again, especially after a cut or other
injury
heritage: features belonging to the culture of a
particular society, such as traditions, languages or
buildings, which still exist from the past and which
have a historical importance
heyday: the most successful or popular period of
someone or something
hidden: a secret reason for doing something
humanity: people in general
identification: when you recognize and can name
someone or something
illustrate: to show the meaning or truth of something
more clearly, especially by giving examples
implementation: to put a plan or system into operation
influence: the power to have an effect on people or
things, or a person or thing that is able to do this
inhabit: to live in a place
inscribe: to write words in a book
inscription: words that are written or cut in something
inspire: to make someone feel that they want to do
something and can do it
insufficient: not enough
integrity: the state of being whole, entire, or
undiminished:
interaction: reciprocal action, effect, or influence.
interchange: an exchange, especially of ideas or
information, between different people or groups
inventory: a detailed list of all the things in a place
irreversible: not possible to change; impossible to
return to a previous condition
landscape: a large area of countryside, especially in
relation to its appearance
lava: hot liquid rock which comes out of the Earth
through a volcano, or the solid rock formed when it
cools
layer: a level of material, such as a type of rock or gas,
which is different from the material above or below it,
or a thin sheet of a substance
legendary: very famous and admired or spoken about
location: a place or position
marine: related to the sea or sea transport
masterpiece: a work of art such as a painting, film or
book which is done or made with great skill, and is
often a person's greatest work
minaret: a tall thin tower on or near a mosque (=
Muslim holy building) from which Muslims are called
to pray
monument: an old building or place which is an
important part of a country's history
nominate: to officially suggest someone for an
election, job, position or honor
nomination: an official suggestion of someone to do
something
on-going: continuing
ornamentation: decoration
outstanding: excellent; clearly very much better than
what is usual
permanent: lasting for a long time or forever
postpone: to delay an event and plan or decide that it
should happen at a later date or time
precisely: exactly
preservation: when you keep something the same or
prevent it from being damaged
property: a building or area of land, or both together
protection: the act of protecting or state of being
protected
rank: to have a position higher or lower than others,
or to be considered to have such a position
recognition: If you are given recognition, people show
admiration and respect for your achievements
127
recommendation: advice telling someone what the
best thing to do is
represent: to speak, act or be present officially for
another person or people
representative: someone who speaks or does
something officially for another person or group of
people
reprisal: an activity against another person, especially
as a punishment by military forces or a political group
route: a particular way or direction between places
seal: an official mark on a document, sometimes made
with wax, which shows that it is legal or has been
officially approved
significance: importance
significant: important
spiritual: relating to deep feelings and beliefs,
especially religious beliefs
strengthen: to make something stronger or more
effective, or to become stronger or more effective
superior: better than average or better than other
people or things of the same type
tangibly: in a real or not imaginary way
tentative: not certain or agreed
terrestrial: relating to the planet Earth
testimony: spoken or written statements that
something is true, especially those given in a court of
law
tile: a thin, usually square or rectangular, piece of baked
clay, plastic, etc. used for covering roofs, floors, walls,
etc
unique: being the only existing one of its type or, more
generally, unusual or special in some way
value: the importance or worth of something for
someone
vicinity: the immediately surrounding area
vulnerable: able to be easily physically, emotionally,
or mentally hurt, influenced or attacked
worship: to have or show a strong feeling of respect
and admiration for God, often through praying or
singing
yield: to supply or produce something positive such as
a profit, an amount of food or information
zone: an area, especially one which is different from
the areas around it because it has different
characteristics or is used for different purposes
128
1. Which of the below is a World Heritage Site in
Turkey?
a. Archaeological Site of Aphrodisias
b. Archaeological Site of Perge
c. Archaeological Site of Zeugma
d. Archaeological Site of Troy
e. Archaeological Site of Sagalassos
2. Which city in Turkey does NOT have a World
Heritage Site?
a. Denizli
b. ‹stanbul
c. Konya
d. Çanakkale
e. Ankara
3. The word ‘site’in ‘World Heritage Sites’ can be
replaced by __________.
a. location
b. apartment
c. institution
d. problem
e. page
4. Which statement is wrong about Selimiye Mosque
and its complex.
a. They are not in ‹stanbul
b. They are from Ottomans
c. They are not original
d. They are in the World Heritage list
e. They have historical value
5. The City of Safranbolu ___________.
a. is in Zonguldak
b. was in the World Heritage list in 1993
c. includes many houses
d. has two different cities
e. was far from the Caravan route
6. Which one is correct?
a. One of the people which I admire is Dr. Zoro.
b. Football is the only sport I am interested in it.
c. My best friend, Osman, who always helps me
with my homework.
d. It is important to be kind to ladies who work in
your office.
e. She works at a building is forbidden to enter.
7. There is only one teacher in this school ________
always wants to improve students’ level of proficiency
in English.
a. that
b. who
c. which
d. whose
e. of which
8. This city has two main archeological sites, the names
________ are Hüyük and Ören.
a. that
b. of which
c. which
d. whose
e. where
9. The museum ________ we visited yesterday was
excellent.
a. Ø
b. who
c. whom
d. whose
e. of which
10. Which of the following is a statement by an
interviewee rather than an interviewer?
a. What is special about this place?
b. I see.
c. So, you recommend it, do you?
d. Where is it?
e. It’s my pleasure to inform you.
129
Answer Key To It’s Your Turn 1
1. UNESCO defines cultural heritage as the
monuments, groups of buildings and sites with
historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific,
ethnological or anthropological value
2. November 16th, 1972.
3. e
4. b
5. Geneva Convention prohibits
a) any acts of aggression directed against the historic
monuments, works of art or places of worship which
constitute the cultural or spiritual heritage of people;
b) to use such objects in support of the military
effort.
Answer Key to It’s Your Turn 2
1. There are 11 sites. Nine of them are cultural, two of
them are mixed.
2. d
3. There are three sites that were added to the World
Heritage List first in 1985. They are Historic Areas of
‹stanbul; Göreme National Park and Rock Sites of
Cappadocia; Great Mosque and Hospital of Divri¤i
4. The latest addition to the list is Neolithic Site of
Çatalhöyük in 2012.
5. Appropriate management plans with effective
implementation are needed.
1. site
2. heritage
3. administered
4. ratified
5. adopted
6. representing
7. prohibited
8. convention
9. adjoining
Possible Answers:
(1) Good morning, Mr. Pamuk. Thank you very much
to accept to talk to us.
(2) Where is Pamukkale?/Can you give us a
description of the location of Pamukkale?
(3) What does ‘Pamukkale’ mean?
(4) It reflects its name.
(5) Can you give information about a brief history of
this site?
(6) Let’s talk about Hierapolis first. What makes this
site special?
(7) What abut Pamukkale?
(8) When was this site taken to World Heritage list?
(9) It must be one of the earliest ones in Turkey. Am
I right?
(10) Which criteria were applied to HierapolisPamukkale?
(11) What else?/Any other?
(12) Any other?/What else?
(13) Is this the natural criterion?
(14) Is the site protected well?
(15) Finally, what would you like to say tour readers?
(16) Thank you very much.
1. It was Ali who made the arrangements for the boat
tour in Porsuk River.
2. Mihrimah Sultan Camii, which is a well-situated
building, was completed in 1548.
3. It was fienay whose bag got lost at the museum.
4. Is that the new station for the tour buses about
which the guide gave detailed information this
morning?
6. The Korean tourists, whose names were not written
in the guest list, were all very angry.
7. This is the bellboy to whom I gave money when I
checked in.
8. ‹brahim Pasha was the Grand Vizier of Süleyman
the Magnificent who executed him in 1536.
9. The remains of Romans in this site for which such a
lot has been written should not be missed.
10. The problem about which you were really
concerned yesterday has been solved by the tour
guide.
130
1. Sentence 1: A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a
place (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert,
monument, building, complex, or city).
Sentence 2: The place is listed by the UNESCO as of
special cultural or physical significance.
2. Sentence 1: The committee is composed of 21 states
parties.
Sentence 2: These parties are elected by their General
Assembly.
3. Sentence 1: According to the UNESCO World
Heritage website, States Parties are countries.
Sentence 2: These countries signed and ratified The
World Heritage Convention.
4. Sentence 1: The program was founded with the
Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural
and Natural Heritage.
Sentence 2: The Convention Concerning the Protection
of World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by
the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November
1972.
5. Sentence 1: World Heritage is perhaps the most
significant recognition.
Sentence 2: It can be given to the natural and/or
cultural value of a site.
6. Sentence 1: Turkey has 37 other properties.
Sentence 2: These properties are in the Tentative List.
Answer Key to “Let Us Test Ourselves”
1. d
2. e
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. d
7. b
8. b
9. a
10. e
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safranbolu
http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tr
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/ra
dio/studyguides/pdfs/langmedia.pdf
http://www.festtravel.com/en/turkey-on-unescoworld-heritage-list
http://www.goturkey.com/dunya_mirasi_en.php?lng=en
http://www.selimiyemosque.net/
http://www.worldheritagesite.org/countries/turkey.html
Schrampfer Azar, B. (1999). Understanding and Using
English Grammar. 3rd edition, NY: Pearson
Education.
Somuncu, M. & Yi¤it, T. (2010). World Heritage Sites in
Turkey: Current Status and Problems of
Conservation and Management. Co¤rafi Bilimler
Dergisi, 8(1), 1-26. Retrieved on November 2, 2012
from
http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/33/1339/15512.pdf
http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tr
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
http://dictionary.reference.com/
7
N
N
Türk kültürünün temel özelliklerini
Kültürümüzün yap› tafllar›n› aç›klayabilecek bilgilere sahip olacaks›n›z.
• Turkish Culture
• Calligraphy
• Marbling
• Turkish Cuisine
• Turkish Music
• Turkish Baths
A General
Outlook to Turkish
Culture
• LET US READ
• USEFUL INFORMATION- FAYDALI
B‹LG‹LER
A General Outlook to
Turkish Culture
Dünyan›n en eski yerleflim bölgelerinden biri olan Anadolu, binlerce y›ll›k geçmifli ve tarih boyunca topraklar›nda kurulmufl olan farkl› medeniyetlerin etkisiyle
farkl›l›klar›n birlefliminden oluflan kültürel zenginli¤e sahiptir. Türkiye’nin kültürel yap›s› da bu zenginli¤in yans›mas›d›r. Bu nedenle Türk kültürü dendi¤i zaman
pek çok farkl› ögeden ve özellikten söz etmek gerekir.
Bu bölümde ülkemiz kültürü hakk›nda sizlere yard›mc› olaca¤›n› düflündü¤ümüz k›sa bilgiler aktarmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
LET US READ
Reading 1
Turkish Music
Üzerinde duraca¤›m›z ilk konu müzik: Türk Sanat Müzi¤i, Türk Halk Müzi¤i; Askeri Müzik ve Türk Pop Müzi¤i.
Resim 7.1
Resim 7.2
Kanun
Ud
Classical Turkish Musical Instruments
Retrieved from http://www.orientika.com/kanun_tr.html
Turkey’s cultural fabric is made up of a rich combination of diverse cultures
rooted deeply in history. By virtue of its geographical position, Turkey lies at the
axis of the cultures of the East, the West, the Middle Eastern, the Mediterranean
134
and Islam. Anatolia is one of the world’s oldest human habitats - hosts of civilizations
have called it home - and it enjoys a unique cultural richness with its thousands of
years of history. Anatolia’s cultural variety is so rich that we can see great cultural
differences even in areas geographically quite close to each other. This colorful
portrait holds just as true for Turkey’s music. There are several types of Turkish
music. A) Turkish Classical Music or Turkish Art Music; B) Turkish Classical Music
(in the western tradition); C) Turkish Folk Music; D) Turkish Military Music; E)
Turkish Pop Music.
Turkish Classical Music or Turkish Art Music
Turkish music has passed through many stages along its journey from the depths
of history to the present day. Within the Ottoman Empire, a musical culture
developed among the urban ruling class, who lived separately from the common
people. This musical culture was a high tradition, nourished by divan literature.
The mystical orders of Islam that existed within Ottoman culture also contributed
to the development of this music. This urban upper-class music developed and
from the 16th century on produced musical masterpieces, becoming one of the
greatest musical cultures of its period.
This music is known today as “Turkish Classical Music” or “Turkish Art Music”.
Turkish Art Music or Turkish Classical Music survives today as one of the major art
music of the non-Western World. It is also among the most structurally intact of all
the art music of the core Islamic World.
Turkish art music can be considered within the makam music that is common
from Central Asia to the entire Mediterranean basin. Turkish music is a monophonic
musical tradition founded on the principle of makam. Though the Turkish makams
resemble the makam traditions of surrounding cultures, they contain their own
unique characters of style and execution. The name “makam” is the term applied
to the whole of rules that describe melodic progression patterns (seyir) within
musical scales.
Over four hundred makams exist in Turkish music; however the vast majority
of these are no longer in use today. Basit (simple) makams, Sed (transposed)
makams and Birlesik (compound) makams. To name a few: Basit Makams: Hicaz,
Humayun, Uzzal,Zirgüleli Hicaz, Hüseyni, Muhayyer; Transposed and Compound
Makams: Nihavend, Kürdili Hicazkar, Hicazkar, Hüzzam, Acem Kürdi.
There are numerous composers within this tradition. Some of the notable ones
are Itr›, Dede Efendi, Hac› Arif Bey, fievki Bey, Zekai Dede, Tatyos Efendi of the
pre 20th century and Münir Nureddin Selçuk, fierif ‹çli, Selahaddin P›nar, Sadettin
Kaynak of post 20th century.
Turkish Classical Music (in the western tradition)
Western influence had already begun to be felt in Ottoman music towards the
middle of the 19th century. These increased towards the end of the century, and
led to efforts to change Ottoman music from monodic to polyphonic. With the
declaration of the republic in 1923, Cemal Reflid (REY), who was then studying
music in Europe, returned to Turkey and began to teach at a music school
established in Istanbul. At the same time, a number of talented young people were
sent by the republic to various cities in Europe to study music. After they returned
to Turkey, the group that would later be called ‘Türk Beflleri’ (the Turkish Five)
and which prepared the groundwork for Modern Polyphonic Turkish Music,
135
7. Ünite - A General Outlook to Turkish Culture
emerged. The common aim of the group was to use the traditional themes of
traditional Turkish music together with the values of Western classical music that
they had studied to produce a new polyphonic structure.
The Turkish Five consisted of Cemal Reflit REY, Ulvi Cemal ERK‹N, Hasan Ferit
ALNAR, Ahmet Adnan SAYGUN, and Necil Kaz›m AKSES. Later, others produced
and are still producing works in the same field, including Ekrem Zeki ÜN, Nevit
KODALLI, Ferit TÜZÜN, and Muammer SUN
Turkish Folk Music
The Turks have lived in Anatolia and Thrace for nearly 2000 years. Along with the
musical culture they brought with them from Asia, they have participated in cultural
exchange with the local people in these regions.
Consequently Turkish folk music in Anatolia displays
a special structure comprised of several independent
musical regions.
As opposed to the Turkish classical music, Turkish
folk music shows the local characteristics of the rural
population. Its subjects all are the natural and social
events experienced by the people. The variety in its
musical structure, instruments used, those who
perform the music, and their social positions, are direct
reflections of the people’s lives.
Turkish folk music is fed by two main sources:
türkü (Turkish folk song) singers and âfl›ks. Türkü
singers sing the songs that are performed in all sorts
of celebrations, special rituals, certain religious
gatherings and funerals throughout Anatolia. The
musical patterns as well as the lyrics they use are anonymous.
The Afl›ks (minstrels) are one of the most distinguished and brilliant performers
encountered within the Turkish culture. Generally, they sing lyrics and poetry to
the accompaniment of the saz. Afl›ks are artists that give voice to all of the social
events of the societies in which they exist, and write footnotes to history.
Resim 7.3
Ba¤lama
Retrieved from
http://www.orientika.
com/kanun_tr.html
Turkish Military Music
The effective use of music in armies
and in war is an old custom seen in
the history of ancient civilizations. The
music used in the Turkish army started
three or four centuries B.C. This
shows the importance of music in
military life.
Turkish Military Band was called
Mehter. This military band existed
during Ottoman Empire for hundreds
of years. In 1826, it was abolished
and was replaced by new bands
modeled on western style.
Resim 7.4
Mehter, Ottoman
Military Band,
Retrieved from
http://muzikulkesi.b
logspot.com/2012/
03/
mehter-muzigi.html
136
Turkish Pop Music
Towards the end of 1950s popular music began to take its place in the musical
scene in Turkey. Popular western concept was introduced and famous western
singers became popular. American style music especially rock’n roll became very
fashionable. Some young university students began to form rock groups. In the
beginning Turkish words for western songs were written and sung by Turkish
singers. Later original lyrics were written for Turkish rock and pop songs and they
were sung by Turkish singers. The first song of this type is “Bak Bir Varm›fl Bir
Yokmus” (Look, once upon a time...) was sung by ‹lham Gencer and his group.
In the 60s there was an increased interest in folk culture. Therefore, pop music
created out of folk songs became very popular. This national folk type of music
was called “Anadolu-pop” (Anatolia pop). In the 60s original compositions written
in Turkish became more popular. Names like Baris Manço and Kurtalan Ekspres,
Erkin Koray, Mogollar and Cem Karaca were the new talents in the Turkish music
scene in 60s. Among these musicians, Timur Selçuk has a unique place. His
compositions were composed to lyrics by master poets.
70s and 80s saw the development of pop music along the Anatolian Pop and
western pop. New names appeared on the scene and more popular music groups
were formed. Some sang to the folk tunes some to the tunes of the classical Turkish
music. Sezen Aksu, Zülfü Livaneli, Modern Folk Üçlüsü, MFÖ are some of the
names who are still prominent and productive in Turkish Pop Music today.
(Retrieved and adapted from http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35155/turkishmusic-culture-and-examples.html and http://www.turkishmusicportal.org)
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
1
SIRA
Read the text
onS‹ZDE
Turkish music again and answer the following questions.
YOUR TURN
1. Who were the audiences of the Turkish Classical Music?
____________________________________________________________________
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
2. What does
makam mean?
_____________________________________________________________________
UYGULAYIN
3. How many
makams are there?
LET’S TH‹NK
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What are the
names of the Turkish five?
K‹TAP
______________________________________________________________________
BOOK
5. What are the subjects of the Turkish Folk Music?
‹NTERNET
______________________________________________________________________
INTERNET
6. What are the main sources of Turkish Folk music?
______________________________________________________________________
D‹KKAT
7. What is the
A T Tname
E N T I Oof
N the Ottoman military band?
______________________________________________________________________
8. How did AMAÇLARIMIZ
the Turkish Pop Music first develop?
OBJECTIVES
______________________________________________________________________
9. What does Anadolu Pop mean?
______________________________________________________________________
10. Name some of the early pop groups from the 60s.
______________________________________________________________________
N N
137
Reading 2
Ülkemiz kültürü ile ilgili olarak sunaca¤›m›z ikinci konu ise baz› görsel sanatlar:
minyatür, ebru, ve bat› anlay›fl› içindeki resim sanat›
Resim 7.5
Suleyman the Magnificant’s Mohac
Battle(Hünername)
http://ooolgun.blogcu.com/osmanlida-minyatursanati-osmanli-minyaturleri-resimleri/13141305
Resim 7.6
Noah’s Arch
Retrieved from
http://www.unutulmuyor.net/turk-minyatursanati.html
Miniature Art
Miniature is the name given to finely detailed small paintings. Miniature paintings
are used to illustrate documents and books. They try to tell the story of the book
in detail. Therefore, miniature art is related to books. They sometimes detail war
scenes, map or documents; sometimes reflect abstract ideas like heaven and hell
or draw daily events in detail like sultan’s court, hunting scenes, wedding and
circumcision ceremonies.
The first examples of Turkish-Ottoman paintings come from the period of Sultan
Mehmet II (1451-1481). Sultan Mehmet was patron to the arts. Ottoman miniature
painting developed further during Sultan Suleyman the Magnificant’s time. Many artists
were trained in the palace. The Ottoman miniature style included different styles such
as Persian. However, by the eighteenth century the Ottoman painting tradition took
new directions and moved in the direction of the Europen painting tradition. This
brought an end to the Turkish miniature tradition of thousands of years.
138
Resim 7.7
Resim 7.8
Kaplumba¤a Terbiyecisi
(Bisset, 1994)
Osman Hamdi Bey
Retrieved from
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KaplumbaTerbiyecisi
Üsküdar, ‹brahim Çall›
Retrieved from
http://www.haber3.com/turk-ressamlarinen-degerli-10-tablosu-foto-galerisi-6315p6.htm#image
The art of painting in the western tradition has been developing for the last 150
years in Turkey. Westernization in Turkey was begun by Sultan Mahmud II at the
beginning of the nineteenth century, was continued by his sons Abdülmecid (18391861) and Abdülaziz (1861-1876). The westernization of Turkish painting
accelerated in those years and the Republic years continued these efforts.
The first experiments with painting in the western sense were made at military
and engineering schools, Mühendishane-i Berri-i Hümayun, and Mekteb-i Fünunu Harbiye, present day Istanbul Technical University and Military Academy
respectively. Painting classes taught how to prepare maps and technical drawing.
Mahmud II had his own portrait painted and hung on the walls of state offices,
and Sultan Abdülaziz was interested in painting and personally painted himself.
The first and important Turkish painters, such as Osman Hamdi Bey, fieker Ahmet
Pafla, Süleymaniye Seyyit and Halil Pafla, received their education in Paris and Europe.
The most important development from the point of view of the art of painting
was the establishment of the state school of art towards the end of the century. We
know that a private school called the Painting Academy had been opened in
Istanbul in 1874 by the artist Guillemet. Students at the school presented their
works to the public at an exhibition in 1876. However, the first body to offer
instruction in contemporary painting in Turkey was the Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi,
later known as the Fine Arts Academy and the present day Mimar Sinan University,
which opened on March 1, 1883. Painter and museum expert Osman Hamdi Bey
had been brought in to head the school the previous year, and it was written that
the school would be offering courses in ‘painting, carving, architecture and
engraving.’ Training in painting henceforth tended to move to such new schools
away from the military academies.
Following the establishment of the Republic, work in the field of painting was
encouraged. The Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi was turned into the Fine Arts Academy
in 1928. The bringing in of instructors from Western countries, and the sending of
Turkish students abroad, continued during this period. Among the artists who
graduated from the Fine Arts Academy in the early years of the Republic were
such figures as fieref Akdik, Refik Epikman, Mahmut Fehmi Cûda, Ali Avni Çelebi,
Zeki Kocamemi and Turgut Zaim.
139
From the 1950s on, a wide variety of artistic trends, movements and ideas can
be seen. Artists influenced by these different trends produced various works,
though none was able to establish superiority over the others. Malik Aksel came
to be known for his research in the field of popular science. Turgut Zaim established
his own style with his landscapes. Bedri Rahman Eyübo¤lu produced works
inspired by handcrafts. Dabri Berkel is prominent in the field of abstract art.
‹brahim Balaban is a self-taught artist inspired by the poet Naz›m Hikmet. Fikret
Mualla, who worked in Paris, proved himself in the international arena. Neflet
Günal is known for his realistic depictions of people in rural areas. Adnan Çoker
turned in the direction of abstract art, and Salih Acar was heavily influenced by
nature.
Recently, artists such as Mehmet Pesen, Kay›han Keskinok, Nedim Günsür,
Fahir Aksoy, fiadan Bezeyifl, Nuri Abaç, Mustafa Asl›er, Turan Erol, Orhan Peker,
Ruzin Gerçin, Ömer Uluç, Özdemir Altan, Dinçer Erimez, Mehmet Güleryüz,
Devrim Erbil and Altan Gürman, as well as members of a later generat›on such as
Nefle Erdok, Oya Kato¤lu, Mustafa Pilevneli, Süleyman Saim Tekcan, Burhan
Uygur, Ergin ‹nan, Gürkan Coflkun (known as ‘Komet’), Gülsüm Karamustafa and
Balkan Naci ‹slimyeli have all made a name for themselves. Another artist well
known abroad for his forward-looking works is Bedri Baykam, from a younger
generation still.
Marbling (Ebru)
Marbling is the art of creating colorful patterns by sprinkling and brushing color
pigments on a pan of oily water and then transforming this pattern to paper.
Marbled paper, called ebru in
Turkish, was used generally in the
binding of books. However, Seljuk
and Ottoman calligraphers and
artists used marbling to decorate
books, imperial decrees, official
correspondence and documents.
New forms and techniques were
created and turned into perfection.
The variations of ebru developed in
time were called gelgit, tarakl›,
hatip,
bülbül
yuvas›,
çiçekli
(respectively come-and-go, combed,
orator, nightingale’s nest, flowery).
Turkey remained the center of
marbling for many centuries.
After the 1550s, booklovers in
Europe prized ebru, which came to
be known as ‘Turkish papers’. There
is agreement amongst scholars that
the so-called Turkish Papers played
a colourful influence on the book arts
in Europe.
Resim 7.9
Orator
Retrieved from
http://www.turkishc
ulture.org/fineart/visual-arts/
marbling/turkishmarbling-ebru564.htm?type=1
Resim 7.10
9 Creating Ebru
paper
Retrieved from
http://kubraduru.w
ordpress.com/calis
malarim/ebrusanati
140
Retrieved and adapted from
http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,36585/painting-sculpture.html;
http://www.turkishculture.org/fine-art/visual-arts/art-of-kaati-112.htm?type=1;
http://www.turkeyforyou.com/travel_turkey_turkish_culture
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
2
SIRA S‹ZDE
Decide whether
the following sentences are ‘True’ or ‘False’ according to the
YOUR TURN
passage ‘Turkish Painting’.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Sentence
True
False
1. MiniatureUYGULAYIN
paintings are used on walls or doors.
LET’S TH‹NK
2. Ottoman paintings started to develop during Sultan Mehmet II’s time
and developed further during Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent’s time.
K‹TAP
OK
3. Taking newB Odirections
towards Persian painting tradition brought an
end to the Turkish miniature tradition.
‹NTERNET
4. The first experiments
I N T E R N E T of Turkish painting in the Western sense began
during the Turkish Republic era.
‹ K K A Tand making technical drawing in military schools also
5. PreparingD maps
ATTENTION
served as training for free drawing.
N N
6. During the Ottoman Period, instructors were brought in from the
AMAÇLARIMIZ
West butOBJECTIVES
no Turkish students were sent to Western countries.
7. Sultan Abdülaziz was one of the Turkish painters in the 19th century.
8. Guillemet’s Painting Academy was one of many painting schools during
1870s.
9. The roots of today’s Mimar Sinan University goes back to Sanayi-i
Nefise Mektebi in 1880s.
10. Famous painter Osman Hamdi Bey was also one of the first painting
instructors in Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi.
11. The Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi had been turned into the Fine Arts
Academy before the establishment of Turkish Republic.
12. Bringing in painting instructors from Western countries stopped after
the establishment of Turkish Republic.
13. ‹brahim Balaban was a famous painting instructor who trained Naz›m
Hikmet and many other painters.
14. Marbling was generally used in the binding of books.
15. There are many variations of marbling with different names.
16. Marbling was not known in Europe until the 19th century.
Reading 3
Bu bölümde dünyan›n say›l› mutfaklar›ndan olan Türk mutfa¤› hakk›nda k›sa bilgiler sunuyoruz. Konunun ne kadar genifl bir yelpazede yer ald›¤›n› söylememize
gerek yok. Bizler yaln›zca baz› temel kavramlar› size aktarmay› deniyoruz.
Türk Mutfa¤› yüzy›llar boyu dünya mutfaklar› aras›ndaki lezzet yar›fl›nda önde
gelen mutfaklardand›r. Türk mutfa¤›n›n çok yönlü yap›s›, çeflitli kültürlerle içi içe
geçmesi onu zengin yapan özelliklerdendir. Türkiye’nin her yöresinin kendisine
özgü mutfa¤› olmas› da bu zenginli¤i artt›rmaktad›r.
141
Turkish Cuisine
When one talks about the Turkish cuisine, the term should be understood as the
totality of foods and beverages which provide nutrition to the people living in
Turkey, the ways of preparing and
preserving
them;
techniques,
equipment and utensils required for
this, eating manners and all the
practices and beliefs which are
developed around this cuisine. With
a long history, the Turks have a rich
culinary culture.
Turkish Cuisine basically consists
of dishes prepared with cereals,
vegetables with meat, soups, cold
dishes cooked with olive oil, böreks
(pastry filled with different filling)
and of course desserts made with
either with milk or pastry based. One also must remember that bread is one of the
key nutriants in the Turkish cuisine. Turkish cuisine also has some very unique
foods such as pekmez, yogurt, bulgur etc. In Turkey, eating habits vary from
region to region. These habits also show differences from urban to rural areas.
To give a few examples of this culinary wealth: in the Black Sea region alone
there are over twenty different dishes incorporating corn. Also in the Black Sea
region there many different ways of preparing hamsi, a sardine-like fish.
In Kayseri, there are different varieties of past›rma, the ancestor of the pastrami
of the west. They say that there are twenty varieties of past›rma with different
character and flavor such as S›rt, kuflgömü, kenar mehle, e¤rice, omuz, dilme,
flekerpare to name a few.
There are also a great variety of eggplant dishes, salads and types of kebab
(roast meats). B›ld›rc›n kebab›, çevirme kebab›, kuzu çevirme, çöp kebab›, çubuk
kebab›, flifl kebab›, deri kebab›, pideli kebap, Adana kebap, saç kebab›, tas kebab›
and tand›r kebab› are just a few of the many examples.
The reader also must remember that it was Turkish cuisine who gave the world
the Turkish coffee and Turkish delight. We will talk about them in the Useful
Information section of this unit.
In short, Turkish Cuisine, while rich in variety and taste-bud friendly, also
contains examples which could provide a source for healthy and balanced diets
and vegetarian cuisines.
Retrieved and adapted from
http://www.turkeyforyou.com/travel_turkey_turkish_culture
http://www.yemeksanatlari.org/tr/turk-mutfagi.htm
SIRA S‹ZDE
Answer the following questions according to the passage ‘Turkish
Cuisine’.
YOUR TURN
1. What does the term Turkish Cuisine mean?
.......................................................................................................................................
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Resim 7.11
Turkish Cuisine
Retrieved from
http://yatgezi.com/
general/linkstr.html.
3
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
142
2. What does Turkish Cuisine consist of in general?
• ...................................................
• ...................................................
• ...................................................
• ...................................................
• ...................................................
• ...................................................
• ...................................................
3. What does the author say about eating habits in Turkey?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
4. Is taste the only important characteristic of Turkish Cuisine?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Reading 4
Türk yaflam tarz›n›n en önemli ögelerinden birisi olarak kabul edebilece¤imiz hamam gelene¤ini aktarmaya çal›fl›yoruz.
Life Style
Turkey represents the cultural synthesis of many civilizations that can be observed
in the rich social structure of Turkey. Turkey considers itself both European and
Asian, and cherishes this diversity as an asset. Turkey can be regarded as a cultural
bridge between the East and the West.
Turkish Baths
Resim 7.12
Çemberlitafl Bath,
‹stanbul
Retrieved from
http://geziharitam.
com/iller/istanbul/
gezi/tarihi.ht
Turks used steam baths called ‘manchu’ in their homeland of Central Asia. Later
when they moved into Anatolia they brought their bathing tradition with them.
Then, they combined the Roman bath culture with their own. This new synthesis
is the Turkish Bath. Baths were used by
everyone. Men and women came to
bathe at separate times. Bathing was
and still is in some places part of social
life especially for women. They
celebrated important occasions at the
baths, for example: the ‘bridal bath
ceremony’, which was held one day
before wedding festivities commenced;
the ‘forty-day bath’, which marked the
fortieth day following the birth of a
child. So baths carried their own
traditions.
The bathing accessories used by
women are works of art today, and an
indication to us of how rich Turkish bath
culture was. To give few examples;
every family had a pair of ‘bath bowls’,
143
the larger one for the men, the smaller for the women. They were made of silver
or bronze or copper, decorated with reliefs, inlays or fish. There were also soap
dishes, combs and rubbing and lathering mitts. However, one of the most significant
bath accessories were/are the bath clogs. The bath clogs that were worn on the
feet were carved out of wood in special shapes. They were decorated using various
techniques. Being quite high off the floor, they ensured that the bather’s feet never
came into contact with the soapy water. Since they were made of wood, they also
ensured that the bather did not slip and fell while bathing. Of course one of the
most significant outcomes of this bathing tradition is the soft and sought after
Turkish bath towels.
Resim 7.13
Resim 7.14
Bathing cloth and clogs
Retrieved from
http://www.annecocuk.com/showthread.php?
62550-Pestemal-tahta-takunya-hamam-ve-Bursa
Gold Bath Bowl
Retrieved from
http://goldmystic.com/shop/images/detailed/0/
tas1a.jpg
SIRA S‹ZDE
Decide whether the following sentences are ‘True’ or ‘False’
to the
YOUR according
TURN
passage ‘Turkish Baths’.
Sentence
1. Turkish bath culture started during Ottoman time.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
True
4
False
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
4. The beauty of bathing accessories indicate the richness of Turkish
‹NTERNET
bath culture.
5. Bath clogs were designed to help bathers soak their feet in soapy
water.
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
2. Turkish bath culture in Anatolia was a combination of Turkish and LET’S TH‹NK
Roman bath cultures.
3. Bathing was used not only for cleaning purposes but also for social
purposes.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Bu bölümde kültür ve tarih konular›ndan bahsederken çokça
kulland›¤›m›z geçOBJECTIVES
mifl zaman ile ilgili bilgiler ve al›flt›rmalar sunuyoruz.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
144
Past Simple
• We use Past Simple for talking about actions that happened in the past.
• Very often verbs in the past simple end with -ed (regular verbs).
- I work in a coffee shop now. Before that I worked in a grocery store.
- We decided to throw a big party for Jason’s birthday and we invited
many people.
- I passed all those difficult exams because I studied very hard.
- Last night a police officer stopped our car and asked for my driver’s
license.
•
There are many words that are irregular. The past simple does not end in -ed.
- go - went
..... I went to Bodrum last summer.
- see - saw
..... Last night I saw Michael at the theater.
- write - wrote
..... Last year Prof. Sunshine wrote more than
twenty articles.
•
In questions we use ‘did + infinitive’.
- Did you enjoy the party last night?
- Did Mr. Brown go to the game last weekend.
- Did the students study for the exam yesterday?
•
In negatives we use ‘didn’t + infinitive’.
- We didn’t enjoy the party last night.
- Mr. Brown didn’t go to the game last weekend.
- The students didn’t study for the exams yesterday.
• The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were.
• was is used with I/he/she/it
• were is used with we/you/they
- The teacher was angry because the students were late.
- The time was over but the students were still working on the project.
- We were very tired after a long practice.
Past Continuous
• We use Past Continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time in the past.
• We use was/were + -ing for Past Continuous.
- This time last year I was preparing for the university entrance exam.
- We were waiting for a bus when a truck driver offered us a ride.
- I was watching television when the door bell rang.
- She was talking on the phone when she saw her teacher.
- They were cooking dinner when their friends invited them for a party.
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
5
SIRA
S‹ZDE sentences by putting the verbs in parentheses into correct
Complete the
following
YOUR TURN
from. Use Past Simple and/or Past Continuous.
(Adapted from
Tuzer, F. (2004). Proficiency File. Ankara: Pelikan.)
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
1. While Jason ........................ (wait) outside the Metropol cinema, Mary
UYGULAYIN
........................
(wait) in front of Moviepol.
LET’S TH‹NK
2. I was late as usual so when I ........................ (get) to work everyone else
........................ (work).
K‹TAP
3. An interesting
B O O Kincident ........................ (happen) in class yesterday while I
........................ (teach).
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
AMAÇLARIMIZ
145
4. When I ........................ (leave) London, it ........................ (rain) heavily.
5. I ........................ (not hear) a thing because I ........................ (talk) on the phone
when the burglar ........................ (break) in.
6. The old man ........................ (pray) silently in his bed when the whole family
........................ (gather) around him in the huge bedroom.
7. The weather ........................ (be) beautiful yesterday when we ........................
(go) for a walk. The sun ........................ (shine) and a gentle wind ........................
(blow) through the trees.
8. Jim ........................ (climb) the stairs when he ........................ (fall) down. Luckily
he ........................ (not hurt) himself.
9. I ........................ (enjoy) my vacation in Hawaii last year. While it ........................
(snow) in Turkey, the sun ........................ (shine) in Hawaii.
10. When the government ........................ (decide) to start a food program, many
people in Africa ........................ (starve) due to several years of drought.
Past Perfect
• Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past.
- Michael arrived at school.
• If want to talk about something that happened before this time, we use the
past perfect.
- The teacher had already started the class when Michael arrived at aschool.
• We use had/hadn’t + past participle for Past Perfect.
- When we got home last night, we saw that somebody had broken into
our
house.
- I didn’t want to go the cinema with my friends because I had already
seen that movie.
- Jim wasn’t at the party when we arrived. He had gone home.
- Had he already left home when you arrived?
- He hadn’t finished her lunch when we arrived to pick her up for the
airport.
SIRA S‹ZDE
Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs in parentheses
YOUR TURN into correct
form. Use Past Simple and/or Past Perfect.
(Adapted from Tuzer, F. (2004). Proficiency File. Ankara: Pelikan.)
ALIfiTIRMALAR
1. When we ........................ (arrive) at the party, most of theEXERCISES
guests ........................
(leave).
2. I ........................ (not see) my best high school friend forUYGULAYIN
almost
LET’S
TH‹NKfive years so I
........................ (not recognize) her when we ........................ (meet).
3. Before they ........................ (cook) the meal, they ........................
out to buy
K ‹ T A (go)
P
B
O
O
K
some groceries.
4. People at home ........................ (finish) all the food before we ........................
‹NTERNET
(get) home.
INTERNET
5. When I ........................ (send) an e-mail to the company, I ........................ (not
receive) the products I ordered two weeks earlier.
D‹KKAT
T E Ncame
T I O N we learned
6. Mary ........................ (be) late for work yesterday. WhenA Tshe
that her car ........................ (break) down on the way to work.
AMAÇLARIMIZ
7. I ........................ (know) all the details of the crime because
I ........................
OBJECTIVES
(see) it on TV the previous night.
6
N N
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
146
8. We ........................ (agree) that he was the best cook among us because he
........................ (cook) wonderful Chinese food at the last party.
9. I ........................ (get) out of the bathroom when the telephone ........................
(ring).
10. Dinosaurs ........................ (become) extinct by the time the first man
........................ (appear) on earth.
USEFUL INFORMATION- FAYDALI B‹LG‹LER
Bu bölümde sizlere okuma parçalar›nda yer veremedi¤imiz baz› konular› aktar›yoruz.
Calligraphy (Hat)
Resim 7.15
Yaprak Hat,
Retrieved from
http://www.turkishc
ulture.org/
fine-art/graphicarts/calligraphy/
calligraphy115.htm?type=1.
The Turkish word for calligraphy (hat) means line or way. Turkish calligraphy is a
unique artistic creation. Ottomans adopted it and made it an art form over a five
hundred year period. In essence, Husn-i Hat
(beautiful caligraphy) comprises lines inscribed
with reed pens on paper using ink made from
soot. Turkish calligraphist used various widths
and sizes in composing the Arabic letters used
by the Ottomans. Many introduced major
changes in the traditional seven writing styles
and put the mark of the Turkish national
character on Islamic writing.
Turkish Coffee
Resim 7.16
Turkish Coffee
Retrieved from
http://www.etarifler.com/ickiler/
turk_
kahvesinin_tarifit13680.0.html
Adopted from
http://www.turkishc
ulture.org/
culinaryarts/
turkish-coffee52.htm
From the days of the Ottoman Empire to the
present, coffee has played an important role in
Turkish lifestyle and culture. The serving and
drinking of coffee has had a profound effect on
political and social interactions and hospitality
traditions throughout the centuries.
Coffee was first brought to Istanbul in 1555
by two Syrian traders. By the mid-16th century, Turkish coffee became part of
elaborate ceremonies involving the Ottoman court. For both men and women,
coffee has been at the center of political and
social interaction. During the Ottoman period,
and in present day Turkey, women socialized
with each other over coffee and sweets. Men
socialized in coffee houses to discuss politics
and to play backgammon. Over the years,
Turkish coffee houses have become social
institutions providing a place to meet and talk.
Today, Turkish coffee houses continue their role
in society as a meeting place for both the
cultured citizen and the inquisitive traveler.
Istanbul offers many new and delightful caferestaurants where friends and family meet to
discuss topics of the day over a cup of traditional
Turkish coffee.
147
Derived from the Arabica bean, Turkish coffee is a very fine, powder-like grind.
Turkish coffee has various levels of sweetness ranging from bitter to very sweet.
Turkish coffee is served hot from a special coffee pot called cezve. Rich in tradition
and flavor, Turkish coffee remains a favorite today, not only in Turkey, but also
among discriminating coffee drinkers around the world.
Turkish Delight
Turkish delight or as Turks call it Lokum is a favorite confection in Turkey. The
recipe for lokum was first invented by Hac› Bekir, the court confectioner for the
sultan who was tired of hard candy.
Hac› Bekir’s confectionary shop is still
there where one can buy different
kinds of lokum.
It is made of corn starch,
caramelized sugar and cream of tartar.
For flavoring rose water, mastic or
lemon may be used, and the additions
of chopped pistachios, hazelnuts or
walnuts make lokum tastier. Lokum is
packaged in small bite size cubes with
icing sugar to prevent them from
sticking.
Lokum was introduced to the western world in the 19th century. There is a
rumor that the world Turkish Delight for lokum was first used by an English
traveler. In the past, before the packaging industry took over, it was customary to
put lokum into silk handkerchiefs.
Musical Instruments of Turkey
Ba¤lama
Ba¤lama is the most commonly used string folk instrument in Turkey. It takes
different names according to the regions and according to its size such as Baglama,
Divan Sazi, Bozuk, Çö¤ür, Kopuz Irizva, Cura, Tambura, etc.
Cura is the smallest member of the baglama family with the highest pitched
sound. The member one size bigger than cura which gives a sound that is one
octave lower than cura is the tambura. And the one with the deepest sound is the
Divan sazi whose sound is one octave lower compared to tambura.
Baglama has three main parts called Tekne, Gö¤üs and Sap. Tekne part is
generally made from mulberry trees as well as from woods of juniper, beech,
spruce or walnut. The gögüs part is made from spruce and the sap section from
homespun or juniper.
There are pieces called burgu (screw) at the end of the sap which is opposite
to tekne part to which the strings are tied. These screws are used for tuning. There
are pitches on the sap tied with fish line. Baglama is played with a Mizrap or
Tezene made from cherry wood bark or plastic and fingers are used in some
regions. The later technique is called Selpe.
There are three string groups on Baglama in groups of two or three. These
string groups can be tuned in a variety of ways. For example in the tuning style
called baglama Düzeni, the strings in the lower group give ‘la’, middle group
Resim 7.17
Lokum
Retrieved from
http://www.kotusozl
uk.com/gorseller/44
12/1
148
strings and upper group strings give ‘mi’ notes. Besides this type of tuning there
are Kara Düzen, Misket Düzeni Müstezat, Abdal Düzeni, Rast Düzeni etc. styles.
Karadeniz Kemencesi
Karadeniz Kemencesi is a bowed Turkish folk instrument. As can be surmised
from its name it is an instrument widely used in the Black Sea Region. Its body is
made from mulberry, plum and juniper woods. The wooden part of the bow
generally rose wood or box wood. Horse hair is tied to the ends of the bow.
Kemence is a three-string instrument. While kiris strings from gut used be put
on kemences, these days mostly metal strings are used.
Kemence is an instrument without pitches and and it is possible to get from it
all types of chromatic sounds easily. It is generally played by pressing two strings
at the same time and getting parallel quarter notes. It is furthermore played with a
special technique which is achieved with wrist movements.
Zurna
Zurna is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. Because of its strong sound it
is generally played in the open air, on occasions such as village weddings, sending
off the boys to military service, sport encounters, folk dances and similar ceremonial
events. It was the first melody instrument of the Mehter teams (Janissaries Band)
in the Ottoman period. It was also used in some traditional theater (orta oyunu)
performances. It is generally accompanied with a drum. Because of the difficulty
of its intonation and its high sound level, it is not used in musical groups. However,
in the recent years it started to be used by some folk music groups.
Zurna has a sound range of nearly two octaves and has eight melody keys with
seven of them on the front and one on the back. The key at the back is so located
as to come between the first two notes towards the reed section at the front. The
keys are generally round with 6-8mm diameters. The length of the instrument
changes between 30 - 60 cm and widens out like a funnel starting from the part
the melody holes end. This section is called the kalak. At the blowing end there is
a thin pipe like rod over which the reed goes. This rod is called Metem. A separate
circular piece with a hole in the middle is put over the Metem to help the breathing
technique. This piece is called Avurtluk. The most common zurna playing technique
is the continuous playing technique where while the air collected in the cave of
the mouth is blown out from the reed, inhaling through nostrils occurs
simultaneously.
There are seven holes besides the melody keys on the kalak section which are
smaller in diameter. They are called seytan deligi (devil’s hole) or cin deligi (genie’s
hole). They can be closed with wax or a similar material according to the sound
hunting of the player.
The instrument which changes between 60 and 30 cm. in length as we have
already mentioned is divided into three types according to its sound : Kaba Zurna,
Orta Kaba Zurna and Cura Zurna (Zil Zurna). They are generally made from wood
of trees such as plums, apricots, walnut, saber etc.
Kaval
Kaval is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is known as the instrument of
the shepherds. It is also called Guval and Kuval in different regions. The belief that
the shepherd leads his sheep flock with his kaval is a wide spread belief among the
people. The word kaval is probably a derivative from the word “kav” which means
hollow on the inside.
Its sound range is about 2.5-3 octaves. It is widely used instrument in the folk
music groups of today and can be used as a solo instrument within an ensemble.
Kaval preserves its sound characteristics when played together with other
instruments.
As kavals are not produced to any defined standards what can be said about
its dimensions has to be very general. Its length may vary between 30 cm and 80
cm and its diameter is approximately 1.5 cm. It has 7 melody keys on the front and
one underneath. Besides these, there are also 4 other keys at the lower section of
the instrument called Seytan Deli¤i and Hazreti Ali.
Kavals are divided into two main types as Dilli Kaval and Dilsiz Kaval and are
generally made from the wood of the plum tree.
Davul
Davul (drum) is the oldest known percussion instrument. It can be in different
sizes and is generally used in open spaces on occasions such as weddings, folk
dances or different ceremonies. It consists of a circular wooden frame and a hoop
made from two skins and covered with skin which is put on the frame with the
help of strong strings or leather ribbons.
It is played while hung on the shoulder with knitted or leather strap. The skin on
one side of the drum is thick while on the other is thinner. The thin one is made
from goat, the thick one from sheep skin. The thick skin side is hit with a tokmak
and the thin skinned one with a light wooden stick. It is possible to scan or treble
with the thin stick. The drum can either be played hung to the shoulder or holding
it under the arm and using hands.
Davul is especially used during Ramadan to wake people up before beginning
the fast.
(Retrieved from http://www.allaboutturkey.com/muzikalet.htm)
149
150
English Equivalents of Some Food Names
• Adaçay›: sage
• Alabal›k: trout
• Anason: anise
• Bamya: okra
• Biberiye: rosemary
• Çinekop: young blue fish
• Çipura: gilt-head sea bream
• Defne: bay leaf
• Dereotu: dill
• Enginar: artichoke
• Fesle¤en: basil
• Hamsi: anchovy
• ‹stavrit: horse mackerel
• Kabak: zucchini, pumpkin
• Kalkan: turbot
• Karanfil: clove
• Karn›bahar: cauliflower
• Kekik: thyme, oregano
• Kimyon: cumin
• Kiflnifl: coriander
• K›yma: ground beef
• Kufl üzümü: currant
• Kuflkonmaz: asparagus
• Levrek: sea bass
• Lüfer: blue fish
• Maydanoz: parsley, cilantro
• Mezgit: whiting
• Muskat: nutmeg
• Palamut: bonito
• P›rasa: leek
• Roka: arugula
• Sardalya: sardine
• Semiz otu: purslane
• Susam: sesame
• Tarç›n: cinnamon
• Tarhun: tarragon
• Tere: cress
• Turp: turnip, radish
• Uskumru: mackerel
• Zencefil: ginger
151
1. Last Friday I ................ an important exam, so I spent
almost all of the week by studying.
a. was having
b. had
c. have had
d. had had
e. had to
6. Which of the following means ‘kuflkonmaz’ in
English?
a. Rosemary
b. Okra
c. Aragula
d. Asparagus
e. Sage
2. When the police officers arrived at the house, the
burglars .................
a. were already going
b. already went
c. had already gone
d. have been going
e. were being gone
7. Which of the following means ‘karn›bahar’ in
English?
a. Cauliflower
b. Dill
c. Artichoke
d. Turbot
e. Clove
3. Thomas ................ his bicycle when his daughter
came home with another broken one.
a. has had repaired
b. had repair
c. have repaired
d. was repairing
e. repaired
8. Which of the following means ‘levrek’ in English?
a. Sea bream
b. Sea bass
c. Mackerel
d. Turbot
e. Anchovy
4. Jason ................ with her toy car when his friend
Jenny came with her mother.
a. was playing
b. had played
c. playing
d. were playing
e. has had played
5. I ................ to the doctor as soon as I felt the pain in
my knee.
a. was going
b. have gone
c. had gone
d. was gone
e. went
9. Which of the following means ‘basil’ in Turkish?
a. Fesle¤en
b. Dill
c. Thyme
d. Artichoke
e. Aragula
10. Which of the following means ‘whiting’ in Turkish?
a. Palamut
b. Uskumru
c. Istavrit
d. Lüfer
e. Mezgit
152
Answer Key for ‘It’s Your Turn - S›ra Sizde 1’
1. The urban ruling class.
2. The rules that describe melodic progression patterns
within musical scales.
3. There are over 400 makams although not all of them
are used.
4. Cemal Reflit Rey, Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Hasan Ferit Alnar,
Ahmet Adnan Saygun, and Necil Kaz›m Akses.
5. Turkish Folk music mostly covers the natural and
social events experienced by the common people.
6. Türkü singers and afl›ks.
7. Mehter
8. At the beginning writing Turkish words to western
pop music was very popular.
9. Anadolu Pop means the mixture of western pop
music with Turkish folk music.
10. Bar›fl Manço and Kurtalan Ekspress and Cem Karac
and Mo¤ollar.
Sentence
True
1.
2.
*
*
3.
*
4.
5.
*
*
6.
7.
False
*
*
8.
*
9.
*
10.
*
11.
*
12.
*
13.
*
14.
*
15.
*
16.
*
1. Foods and beverages prepared and consumed in
Turkey, and all the tools, practices, and beliefs related
to those foods and beverages.
2. • Sauced cereal dishes
• Vegetables
• some meat
• soups
• cold dishes cooked with olive oil
• pastry dishes
• dishes made from wild vegetation (pekmez,
bulgur, etc.)
3. They reflect different tastes of different locations;
there are unique eating habits for special occasions,
celebrations and ceremonies.
4. No. Foods and beverages of Turkish Cuisine are not
only very delicious, but also very healthy.
153
Sentence
True
False
1.
*
2.
*
3.
*
4.
*
5.
*
1. was waiting / was waiting
2. got / was working
3 happened / was teaching
4. left / was raining
5. was praying / gathered
6. didn’t hear / was talking / broke
7. was / went / was shining / was blowing
8. was climbing / fell / didn’t hurt
9. enjoyed / was snowing / was shining
10. decided / were starving
1. arrived / had (already) left
2. hadn’t seen / didn’t recognize / met
3. cooked / had gone
4. had finished / got
5. sent / hadn’t received
6. was / had broken
7. knew / had seen
8. agreed / had cooked
9. had (just) got / rang
10. had become / appeared
1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. e
6. d
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. e
Murphy, R. (1994). English Grammar in Use.
Cambridge: CUP.
Tuzer, F. (2004). Proficiency File. Ankara: Pelikan.
http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,36585/paintingsculpture.html
http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35155/turkish-musicculture-and-examples.html
http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35306/culinaryculture.html
http://www.msxlabs.org/forum/satirlarlaturkiye/60309-turk-mutfak-kulturu-ve-turkmutfagi.html
http://www.mutfakturk.net/p/ayn-dosyas.html
http://www.turkishmusicportal.org
http://www.turkishculture.org/fine-art/visual-arts/artof-kaati-112.htm?type=1
http://www.turkeyforyou.com/travel_turkey_turkish_c
ulture
http://www.yemeksanatlari.org/tr/turk-mutfagi.htm
http://www.turkishculture.org/lifestyles/bath-223.htm
http://www.turkishculture.org/fine-art/graphicarts/calligraphy
http://www.turkishculture.org/culinary-arts/turkishcoffee-52.htm
8
N
N
Turizm sektöründe karfl›n›za ç›kabilecek yaz›flma türleri hakk›nda bilgi sahibi olacak ve
‹ngilizce yaz›flma kurallar›na göre bu yaz›flmalar konusunda bilgi edineceksiniz.
•
•
•
•
Correspondence in Tourism
Confirmation Letter
Reservation Letter
Letter of Complaint
•
•
•
•
Formal Letter Types
Informal Letter Types
Letter of Apology
Building a CV
Correspondence
Turizm ‹çin ‹ngilizce-II In Tourism
•
•
•
•
•
•
LET US READ
HOW DO THEY WRITE IT?
CONFIRMATION LETTER
A LETTER OF APOLOGY
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
HOTEL LETTERS
• HOW WOULD YOU WRITE IT?
Correspondence In Tourism
Her ifl dal›nda oldu¤u gibi turizmde de yaz›flmalar yap›l›r. Bu ünitemizde farkl›
yaz›flma türlerinden örnekler vermeye çal›fl›yoruz.
Resim 8.1
Courtesy of
ipsostock
Retrieved from
alphotos.net
LET US READ
‹lk mektup örne¤i rezervasyon talebinde
bulunan bir flirket mektubu.
Requesting Reservation
Read the following letter and answer the
questions that follow.
Resim 8.2
Courtesy of Stuart
Miles
Retrieved from
alphotos.net/images
/ Retail_and_Sales_
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156
MERCAN fi‹RKETLER GRUBU
Atatürk Caddesi No:298
TEPEBAfiI-ESK‹fiEH‹R
Phone : +90 222 12345678
Fax : +90 222 13245678
Email: [email protected]
March 12, 2013
To : Gloria Towers,
3, Queen Street,
TRANSYLVANIA – 400 022.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Our Chief Executive officer, Mr. Mercan will be in Transylvania from 15th to
18th May, 2013. Please reserve a double room with single occupancy of
executive class on these four days. He will be checking in around 10.00 a.m.
on 15th May.
You may kindly forward the bills to us directly for settlement. As in the past,
we will send the check within ten days after receipt of your bills. Please allow
10% discount on the room rent as per our agreement.
Please confirm the reservation before 20th May. Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
Mercan fiirketler Grubu
Administration Manager
(‹smail ÖZTURAN)
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
1
SIRA
S‹ZDE of the letter?
1. Who is the
sender
YOUR TURN
___________________________________________________________________
2. When was
the letter sent?
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
___________________________________________________________________
3. Who is the recipient of the letter?
UYGULAYIN
___________________________________________________________________
LET’S TH‹NK
4. How does the letter start?
___________________________________________________________________
K‹TAP
B Opurpose
OK
5. What is the
of the letter?
___________________________________________________________________
T E information
RNET
6. What kind‹ Nof
is given to the recipient in the letter?
INTERNET
___________________________________________________________________
7. How does
the sender close the letter?
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
___________________________________________________________________
8. What kind of a language is used in the letter?
___________________________________________________________________
AMAÇLARIMIZ
N N
OBJECTIVES
157
8. Ünite - Correspondence In Tourism
HOW DO THEY WRITE?
Yukar›da örne¤ini gördü¤ünüz rezervasyon talep mektup türüne verilebilecek üç
farkl› yan›t örne¤i veriyoruz. Birinci örnek mektubun yan›t› olumlu. Bu olumlu yan›t kal›b›n› benzer her türlü yaz›flmada kullanabilirsiniz. ‹kincisi farkl› bir rezarvasyon talebine farkl› öneri getiren bir yan›t. Üçüncü yaz›flma ise yine farkl› bir rezervasyon talebi için otelde yer olmad›¤›n› belirtiyor. E-posta yaz›flmalar›nda kullan›lan kal›plar› mektup format›nda da kullanabillirsiniz. Bu üç mektubu okuyup verilen sorular›
yan›tlamay› unutmay›n›z.
CONFIRMATION LETTER
Below are three letters written in response
to reservation requests made by hotel guests.
Read the letters and answer the questions
that follow.
Reply 1
GLORIA TOWERS
3, Queen Street,
Transylvania – 400 022.
March 20, 2013
Re: Mr. Mercan’ visit
Subject: Reservation
Dear Mr. Özturan,
Thank you for your letter of March 12th informing us about the forthcoming
visit of your Chief Executive Officer Mr. Mercan to Acropolis Gloria Towers.
We are happy to confirm a double room with single occupancy of executive
class at a daily rate of US$ 250 with the requested discount as agreed from
May 15 until May 18, 2013. We will forward the bill to your company. Mr.
Mercan is welcome any time after 10 am on the 15th.
We look forward to welcoming Mr. Mercan to Gloria Towers and should
there be anything else we can do to make their stay with us pleasant and
enjoyable, please feel free to contact us.
Sincerely yours,
Tracy McCaliff
Reservation Staff
Resim 8.3
Courtesy of Stuart
Miles
Retrieved from
alphotos.net/images
/Other_Metaphors_
and__g307Yes_No_Maybe_Sig
npost_p88339.html
158
Reply 2
Dear Mr. Dolu
Thank you very much for your enquiry dated May 16th. However, we very
much regret that the hotel is fully booked for the week of May 31st - June 6th.
There might be some last-minutes cancellations, but we shall not know
definitely until the end of next week. If, by then, you have not found the
required rooms, perhaps you will care to contact us again, and we shall
certainly do our very best to accommodate you.
We are very sorry that we cannot be more helpful at the moment.
Yours sincerely,
Abdel Harrane
Reservation Staff
Reply 3
Dear Ms..........................
Thank you for your e-mail dated April 10th, 2013.
We are very sorry to hear that your son is ill and hope that he will get better
soon.
We have, as requested, cancelled the family room reservation for the period
of April 23, 24 and 25, 2013.
Yours sincerely,
Sefer A¤›rlar
Reservation
[email protected]
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
2
S‹ZDE are sent via e-mail and via normal mail?
1. Which ofSIRA
the letters
YOUR TURN
___________________________________________________________________
2. In which ALIfiTIRMALAR
letter the reservation is confirmed?
___________________________________________________________________
EXERCISES
3. Which letter is written to confirm a cancellation of reservation?
___________________________________________________________________
UYGULAYIN
LET’S
TH‹NK
4. What is the
aim
of the 2nd letter?
___________________________________________________________________
K ‹ TisA the
P most formal one? Why?
5. Which letter
BOOK
___________________________________________________________________
6. What kind of information is commonly shared by three letters?
‹NTERNET
___________________________________________________________________
INTERNET
7. What kind of information is different in these three letters?
___________________________________________________________________
D‹KKAT
N N
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
159
A LETTER OF APOLOGY
Resim 8.4
Bu bölümde özür mektubu örne¤i
görece¤iz. Afla¤›daki örne¤i inceleyip
takip eden sorular› yan›tlay›n.
Courtesy of bigijom
Retrieved from
alphotos.net/images
/Other_Metaphors_
and__g307Sorry_p66484.html
ÖZDEM‹R VILLAS
Cumhuriyet Cad. No: 1
Alanya-TÜK‹YE
e-mail: [email protected]
30th September 2012
Dr. Susan SOVER,
23 Independence Road
Rochester, NY
Re: Holiday in Alanya Complaint.
Dear Ms Sover,
Thank you for your letter of 18th September. I was sorry to hear that you
were disappointed by the service you received on your holiday.
I have investigated your complaint that the villa was not cleaned by the maid
on the last two days of your holiday. I have spoken to our representative in
Alanya and it seems that the problems were due to the fact that the maid was
ill. Unfortunately, we were not able to find a replacement at such short notice.
Please accept my sincere apologies. I can assure you that we will take steps
to ensure that this does not occur again. As a sign of goodwill, I enclose a
brochure for next year and a voucher which entitles you to 10% off the
advertised price of any holiday booked before 31st January.
Yours sincerely,
Kadir Temizel,
(Customer Services Manager)
160
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRApurpose
S‹ZDE of the letter?
1. What is the
YOUR TURN
___________________________________________________________________
2. What do ALIfiTIRMALAR
you think is the subject of the letter written by the customer on 18th
September? EXERCISES
__________________________________________________________________
3. Does the UYGULAYIN
manager accept the complaints? How do you understand?
LET’S TH‹NK
___________________________________________________________________
4. How does the manager explain the reason for the complaint?
K‹TAP
___________________________________________________________________
BOOK
5. How does the manager offer as a sign of goodwill?
___________________________________________________________________
‹NTERNET
6. Do you think
I N T E that
R N E Tthe customer will be satisfied with this answer? Would you be
satisfied with this answer?
D‹KKAT
___________________________________________________________________
3
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
Resim 8.5
Formal vs. Informal
Retrieved from
http://mwtl.blogspot.
com/2010/05/decid
ing-betweenformal-andinformal.html
ATTENTION
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Bu bölümde
yaz›l› dille konuflma dili aras›ndaki farkl›l›klar üzerinde duruyoruz.
OBJECTIVES
Yaz›l› dilin daha formal oldu¤unu hat›rlayarak ‹ngilizcede kullan›lan kal›plara
dikkat edin.
In the use of languages, there are
always differences between spoken
language and written language. Also,
different languages have different levels
of informality and formality. Certainly, the
level of formality depends on to whom
you are communicating, why you write or
speak to that person and the context (the
situation of speech or writing).
In general, written English is more formal than spoken English. There are some
reasons for this. First, we do not personally know the readers of our texts, therefore
we need to be clear in our words and sentences. Second, writers do not have the
chance to see what the reader does not understand in their texts, so they must
explain the ideas and concepts more clearly and in great detail. Finally, writers
cannot know the readers’ attitudes towards the ideas or opinions in the written
texts, thus, they have to be quite formal in their writing.
Here are some characteristics and differences between formal written and less
formal spoken English (Reid, 2000: 5-6):
161
Characteristics
Example (Formal)
Example (Informal)
more-formal
vocabulary
children
kids
less-colloquial
language
The restaurant was excellent
Well, dude, it was gnarly
fewer, but longer,
words
Mount Rainer is exquisitely
beautiful
Mount Rainer is, well, more or
less a pretty outstanding
mountain in terms of beauty
complete sentences
I wanted to go home
Because I wanted to
fewer questions and
exclamation
sentences
This paper will define X
fewer personal
pronouns
Most consumers prefer Brand
A
I love Brand A, and you will,
too!
more complex
sentences
My parents came to America
for their children’s education,
leaving behind their lives in
Pakistan.
My father and mother came to
America. They came for their
children’s education. So they
left their lives in Pakistan.
Two recent research studies
more specific
(Anderson, 1998; Li, 1997)
evidence (more detail)
report that…
instead What do you think X means?
of
You’re right!
Ya know what I mean?
In addition to the table above, be careful about the use of the following types
of language in formally written texts:
Contractions:
it didn’t
(Use “it did not”)
They’ve
(Use “They have”)
Hesitation fillers:
Um, well, huh (Use the punctuation marks and transition words)
Imprecise words:
Lots of
(Use “many”)
Nice
(Use “excellent, pleasent”)
Big
(Use “large”)
Things
(Use “reasons, problems, issues”)
Like
(Use “such as”)
Abbreviated forms:
e.g.
(Use “for example”)
i.e.
(Use “that is”)
etc.
(Use “and so on”)
SIRA S‹ZDE
Read the following sentences and write F (formal) or I (informal)
in the column.
YOUR TURN
1
The project will be completed next year.
2
I showed that his arguments didn’t hold water.
3
I wonder why he put up with those terrible conditions for so long.
4
Five more tests will be necessary before the experiment can be concluded.
5
It is possible to consider the results from a different viewpoint.
6
It has been proved that the arguments so far are without foundation.
7
8
He’ll have to do another five tests before he can stop the experiment. K ‹ T A P
It is not clear why such terrible conditions were tolerated for so long. B O O K
9
There are a number of reasons why the questionnaire should be revised.
10
We’ll finish the job next year.
4
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
162
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
SIRA S‹ZDE
Below is a letter
to a newspaper explaining why teenagers should be allowed to
YOUR TURN
vote in the election. The ideas are good, but the writing is too informal. Rewrite
the letter using
formal language. Use the numbers as clues for understanding
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
where formal language is necessary.
Hi there.(1)
Well(2), UYGULAYIN
I think that teenagers have just as much right to vote in an election as
LET’S TH‹NK
someone who’s(3) as old as the hills!(4) They live in the country too, you know!(5)!
And(6) they’re(7) the future!(8) So they’re(9) bound to care about what’s(10) going
K‹TAP
to happen to Bthe
they live in when they’re grown-up. But(11) some people
O Ocountry
K
think that teenagers are away with the fairies(12) when it comes to important
‹ N T E R NBut(13)
ET
things like voting.
not all of us are. And anyway you know some grownups
INTERNET
are like that too(14). So(15) I think teenagers should be given a chance.
Cheers,(16)
D‹KKAT
Andrew A T T E N T I O N
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
5
N N
_____________
AMAÇLARIMIZ
___________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/english/writing//
formal_informal/test
A LOOK AT LANGUAGE OF HOTEL LETTERS
Bu bölümde size otel yaz›flmalar›nda kullan›lan baz› kal›p ifadelerden örnekler
sunuyoruz. Bu ifadeleri bir çok yaz›flma türünde kullanabilirsiniz.
Here are some phrases used in business letters:
Greeting
Name unknown: Dear Sir/Madam,
Name known: Dear Mr…/ Dear Mrs… / Dear Ms..+ surname
Reason for writing
I am writing to … I am writing with regard to …
I am writing on behalf of …
Asking questions
I would be grateful if … I wonder if you could ….
Could you …?
Referring to their letter
/points
As you stated in your letter, …. Regarding …/ Concerning …
With regard to ….
Closing expressions
If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to
contact me.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Signing off
If Dear + name: Yours sincerely,
If Dear Sir/ Madam: Yours faithfully
(Dear + first name : Yours,)
Name
Your first name + surname printed clearly under your signature
HOW WOULD YOU WRITE IT?
Bu bölümde sizden benzer mektuplar yazman›z› isteyece¤iz. Örnek mektuplar için
ünite sonundaki cevap anahtar›n› kullanabilirsiniz.
If you want to reserve a room:
Include all relevant details in your letter, including your complete contact
information, date and time of arrival and departure, number of days of your stay,
type of room and any special needs or requests such as a smoking or nonsmoking
room.
Use a professional tone when writing your letter. Your salutation should be,
“To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir or Madam.” Also include today’s date at
the top of the letter. The body of the letter should be to the point. It should
specifically state what you need and how you will pay.
Hotel reservation letters can vary in style. But, just make sure you give the
reservation staff all the information they need to make sure there are no
misunderstandings or disappointments on arrival.
Every specific piece of information should be in a separate paragraph. This
makes for easier reading.
Keep it short and sweet (it’s not an essay), and don’t forget the following
information:
1. Opening (example):
Dear Sir/Madam
My name is (your name) and I would like to book a (type of room) in your
hotel for (number) nights.
2. Dates and times: (important)
I/We will be arriving on (date, including the day of the week) at approximately
(time). Departure will be on (date, including the day of the week) at (time).
Notes: -State the date and approximate time of arrival and departure because it
helps the staff know which guests will be arriving first to prepare the way for
them, so waiting time for your room is kept to a minimum.
-It’s always a good idea to also include how many nights you will be staying in
brackets. This is a good way for the reservation staff to double check the length of
your stay as hotels count nights and not days when preparing your invoice.
-Remember, even if you arrive there at 2 o’clock in the morning, that night
counts and you are seldom entitled to remain in your room after 12 o’clock noon
on your departure date.
3. Number of people: (important)
How many adults? How many children? (always include children’s ages).
4. Room type(s) and preferred location(s):
Single, double, suite, ground floor, top floor, overlooking the sea, etc.
5. Board preferences: (important)
Self-catering/bed & breakfast/half board/full board/all-inclusive
Note: make sure the hotel you are considering has the services you desire as
not all hotels offer things like all-inclusive, and what you get for each type of
service may vary from one hotel or country to another depending on their policies
(find out before making your reservation to avoid disappointments).
6. Special needs/desires: (optional)
Some people may have health conditions which may require special attention
(migraine sufferers would probably want a quiet room far away from any
163
164
entertainment facilities, for example). Business men/women may need an internet
connection in their rooms, while others may just have special preferences
(overlooking the sea, rooms on upper floors, etc). These should be specified in
your letter.
Note: Obviously the needs of those with medical conditions will be given more
importance than other preferences if the hotel is fully booked, so don’t be surprised
if you cannot get what you wanted unless you have the option and have paid for
it specifically.
7. Facilities: (depending on the hotel)
If there are special facilities (sauna, jacuzzi, etc.) which need to be reserved
before using them, you may wish to do so in advance to avoid waiting.
8. Contact information: (important)
Especially your phone number, cell phone and/or fax number.
*The main thing to remember is to include all the important information above
and keep the hotel reservation letter short. The hotel staff prefers it that way and
it helps to avoid confusion.
(Adapted from http://ezinearticles.com/?Sample-Hotel-Reservation-Letter—What-to-Include-and-Why&id=1125480)
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
6
SIRA
Suppose that
youS‹ZDE
are John Green, who is going to have a business trip to Antalya.
YOUR TURN
Below is some information about your trip. Write a reservation letter to the hotel
you want toALIfiTIRMALAR
stay at.
EXERCISES
Hotel Information:
Hotel Günayd›n
Konyaalt› Caddesi, No:28
UYGULAYIN
Antalya TÜRK‹YE 07100
LET’S TH‹NK
Dates: July 5-July 8 2013
Type of Room: A suite with 2 beds
K‹TAP
Board preference:
Bed and Breakfast
BOOK
Special Need: A sea view
‹ N T E Rgiven
N E T on the website: T129 per night
Regular Price
INTERNET
Your telephone number: 343-543-5645 (ask for verification, too)
Write your
letter here:
D‹KKAT
N N
ATTENTION
_____________
_____________
AMAÇLARIMIZ
_____________
OBJECTIVES
_____________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________
_____________
165
If you want to confirm a reservation of a room:
Confirmation letter is very important in order to make a people sure that their
request is obtained and being handled. Include all relevant details in your letter,
date and time of arrival and departure, number of days of the stay, type of room
and any special needs or requests such as a smoking or nonsmoking room as
requested by the guest.
Just like the reservation letter, use a professional tone when writing your letter.
Your salutation should be, “Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr., etc” as indicated in the reservation
letter. Also include today’s date at the top of the letter. The body of the letter
should be to the point. It should specifically state the details of the payment and
other facilities you may provide your guests with.
Below there is a sample of the confirmation of booking ofSIRA
theS‹ZDE
hotel room that
YOUR TURN
informs the client about the situation of the arrangements he made before the
arrival to the hotel. However, the parts of the letter are in jumbled
order. Read the
ALIfiTIRMALAR
parts and reorder the letter to send the guest immediately. EXERCISES
1.
From:
Diana Samuel
388 Kreidon hills
2299 Barcelona, Spain
2.
Diana Samuel
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
Resim 8.6
UYGULAYIN
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
Courtesy LET’S
of Mr.
TH‹NK
Lightman
Retrieved from
K‹TAP
http://www.freedig
BOOK
italphotos.net/ima
ges/Interiors_g380
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
Luxury_Bedroom_
p82991.html
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
3.
For further requires, please contact us.
7
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
Thank you in advance. We are looking forward to meet you here.
N N
4.
To:
Brian Kruger
388 Velers str
877 Berlin, Germany
Subject: Confirmation of booking in hotel
5.
Dear Mr. Kruger,
6.
Below there is a picture of the room reserved. Please, review it and let us
know if you want to change your reservation or have special requirements that
we can meet.
Kindly inform us whether you need someone to meet you in the airport, we
can provide with this service as well.
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
166
7.
This is the confirmation letter on your request dated 12 May 2013. We are
pleased to inform you that we reserved for you single room with the garden view
in our hotel with the breakfast in the morning as per your request. Al the facilities
are included. During the stay in our hotel you can use gym, spa and pool area
(the charges are included in fees for the room).
8.
14 May 2013
9.
Sincerely,
Correct order: ___________________
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
SIRA S‹ZDE
8
Resim 8.7
YOUR TURN
Eskiflehir ALIfiTIRMALAR
Courtesy of EXERCISES
Ali MERÇ
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
Mr. Terly is planning to
visit Eskiflehir for the first
time and has written to four
hotels asking for information.
Here are the four replies.
Which hotel do you think she
is most likely to be interested
in? Give reasons for your
choice.
1.
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
D‹KKAT
Mr Terly A T T E N T I O N
23 Queen Street
AMAÇLARIMIZ
Birmingham
OBJECTIVES
England
Say›n Terly,
Otelimizi tercih etti¤iniz için teflekkürler.,
Otelimiz ile ilgili tüm ayr›nt›lar› ekte sunulan dökümanlardan edinebilirsiniz.
Di¤er konularda dan›flmak için lütfen irtibata geçiniz.
Sayg›lar,
Abdullah Türko¤lu
Rezervasyon Bölümü
2.
NEfiE OTEL
ESK‹fiEH‹R
Mr Terly
23 Queen Street
Birmingham
England
Dear Mr Terly,
We refer to your kind letter and thank you for your interest in Eskiflehir Nefle
Otel.
Enclosed please find the requested brochures about the Eskiflehir Nefle Otel.
Please do not hesitate to contact me personally if you have any questions or
if we can be of any assistance to you and we would be very pleased to
welcome you at the Eskiflehir Nefle Otel. in the near future.
Yours sincerely,
Eskiflehir Nefle Otel
Meral Nefleli
Rezervasyon Sorumlusu
3.
Büyük fiehir Oteli
Mecburiyet Caddesi No: 1, Eskiflehir
Dear Mr Terly,
Thank you for your letter and your interest in our hotel. Enclosed we send
you our hotel brochure with the price list.
The Great Eastern Hotel is situated at the famous Porsuk River area just along
the River on Mecburiyet Caddesi. We have 210 rooms, two restaurants, 2
meeting rooms for up to 100 people and a lobby bar.
For your reservation you can call our booking office by phone +902221234567
for you can send a fax to the number +902221234568.
We would be happy to welcome you in our hotel.
Kind regards.
Süha Satar
Sales Manager.
167
168
4.
Gotik Otel Eskiflehir
Mr Terly
23 Queen Street
Birmingham
England
Dear Mr Terly,
Thank you very much for your interest shown in our hotel. Enclosed you will
find our hotel brochure and the room rates.
Inside the brochure you will find the restaurant, but it is closed. We only
serve drinks at the reception.
You asked about other facilities such as fitness room, conference halls and
restaurants. But we have none of these. We are a low-class hotel with 10
rooms and we don’t need these facilities.
I am not sure if you really mean our hotel? Because your questions look like
you expected a high-class hotel.
Anyway, I hope to welcome you in our hotel.
With kindest regards.
Osman Yatar
If you want to write a letter of apology in response to a complaint letter:
Thank the person for bringing the matter to your attention
Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention.
Express sympathy
We are very sorry to hear that...
Apologize if necessary
We apologize for ...
Please accept our apologies for ...
State what action you will take
Please be assured that we will ...
Remind the reader that his / her relationship with you is important
We value your custom highly.
Your satisfaction is our priority.
Make a goodwill gesture if appropriate
Please find enclosed a voucher for ...
169
S‹ZDE in Tunisia
Read the following complaint letter by a customer who spent SIRA
her holiday
YOUR TURN
with the holiday package of your company. Now complete the letter of apology
using the information given in mixed order.
ALIfiTIRMALAR
9
SIRA S‹ZDE
YOUR TURN
EXERCISES
ALIfiTIRMALAR
EXERCISES
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
UYGULAYIN
LET’S TH‹NK
K‹TAP
BOOK
K‹TAP
BOOK
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
‹NTERNET
INTERNET
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
D‹KKAT
ATTENTION
The Letter of Complaint:
48 - The Vale - Sunnytown - Devon - DC4 56JK
7th December.
The Customer Relations Dept.
Exotic Destinations
Pacific House
Randolph Way
London W1Y 8QT
Dear Sir,
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
N N
My husband and I have recently returned from one of your Golden Group
holidays in Tunisia.
We chose this holiday in preference to many others as we were assured both
in the brochure and by your agency staff that this particular package catered
for retired couples like ourselves. We understood that our specially organized
activities would be run by mature friendly hostesses. However on arrival at
our destination we were met by a very youthful rep who very curtly told us
that there were only two other people on the golden group package and that,
as a result, we could join in the activities organized for other groups or fend
for ourselves. Since our tastes do not include hard rock or late-night pub
crawls we asked to be moved to another hotel. We were told that if we did
this it would have to be at our expense.
As a result we decided to stay where we were and to organize our own
entertainment.
Now that we have returned home we feel obliged to draw your attention to
our deep dissatisfaction with the service we received. Not only were we
deceived by the information in your brochure but we were not properly
treated by your staff in the resort.
We hope that this matter will be rectified to our satisfaction in the near future
and look forward to hearing from you shortly.
Yours faithfully
Katherine Hopper
(Adapted from http://www.lettoratiinglese.unito.it/download/2_writing_tour.doc)
AMAÇLARIMIZ
OBJECTIVES
170
The Letter of Apology:
EXOTIC DESTINATIONS
Pacific House * Randolph Way * London W1Y 8QT
21ST March 2004
48 - The Vale
Sunnytown
Devon
DC4 56JK
Dear Mrs Hopper
Thank you for your letter of 7th December.
_______________________(1) you and your husband did not enjoy your
recent Golden Group holiday in Tunisia and _______________________(2) if
the tour rep’s behaviour was inappropriate. ______________________(3) this
behaviour
is
not
the
kind
we
normally
tolerate
and
_______________________(4) the allegation fully and taking any necessary
action.
_______________________(5), however, _______________________(6) the
fact that all our reps are highly trained, whatever their age, and that we do
not specify how old they are in our brochures.
As to the special entertainment package that you requested, we do explain in
the brochure that this package is only run when there are a minimum of eight
guests requesting it on any one tour. As you yourself mention, in your case
there were only four people, yourselves and two others. Therefore the rep
was quite correct to tell you that this would not be possible and that
_______________________(7) cover the expense of a change of hotel.
_______________________(8) four vouchers for day trips to Paris and Brussels
so that you can appreciate our normal high standard of service for yourselves.
_______________________(9)
_______________________(10)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
We are sorry to hear that
We would
As a goodwill gesture we enclose
we will be looking into
Customer Relations Clerk
we would be unable to
apologize
Yours sincerely,
like to draw our attention to
We assure you
171
Useful Information - Faydal› Bilgiler
Bu bölümde size ifl baflvurular›n›zda oldukça gerekli
olaca¤›n› düflündü¤ümüz özgeçmifl haz›rlama ile ilgili
baz› önemli ipuçlar›n› ve Avrupa Birli¤inin önerdi¤i
örnek bir özgeçmifl flablonu sunuyoruz.
Preparing curriculum vitae (CV) is an important footstep
in searching for any job or training. The CV is often the
first contact with a potential employer. It should grasp
the reader’s interest directly and to express why they
must give you an interview. Below are some important
considerations given by the European Union:
(Adapted from www.eea.europa.eu)
Take care over the presentation of your CV: Set out
your qualifications, skills and competences clearly and
logically, so that your specific attributes are easily seen.
Give proper attention to all relevant detail, both of
substance and presentation; there is no excuse for
mistakes in spelling and punctuation!
Concentrate on the essentials:
• a CV must be brief: in most cases, two pages are
enough to show who and what you are. A three page
CV may be considered too long in some countries,
even if your work experience is outstanding.
• if your work experience is still limited (because you
have just left school or university), describe your
education and training first; highlight work
placements during training (see online examples);
• concentrate on essential information that brings
added value to your application: work experience
or training which is old or not relevant for the
application can be omitted.
Adapt your CV to suit the post applied for:
Systematically check your CV every time you want to
send it to an employer to see if it corresponds to the
profile required; highlight your advantages according
to the specific requirements of the prospective
employer. A good knowledge of the company will help
you tailoring your CV to the appropriate profile.
Keep to the structure of the template:
The Europass curriculum vitae allows you to present
your qualifications, skills and competences in a logical
order:
• personal information;
• description of your work experience;
• description of your education and training (which
may appear before the heading ‘Work experience’
for users with limited work experience; to invert the
order of the two headings, use the ‘copy/paste’
command in your word processing software);
• detailed inventory of your skills and competences,
acquired in the course of your training, work and
daily life.
Notes:
• print your curriculum vitae on white paper;
• retain the suggested font and layout;
• avoid underlining or writing whole sentences in
capitals or bold: it affects the readability of the
document;
• do not split an entry under one heading over two
pages (e.g. your list of training courses) - to avoid
this use the ‘page break’ command in your word
processing software;
• the boxes containing the various headings should
not appear when the document is printed.
Be clear and concise:
Your profile must be appreciated by the potential
employer after a few seconds’ reading. In consequence:
• use short sentences;
• concentrate on the relevant aspects of your training
and work experience;
• explain any breaks in your studies or career;
• remove any optional heading (e.g. if you have no
‘Artistic skills and competences’ (see page 2 of the
template) or if you consider that such skills and
competences do not bring added value to your
application, remove the whole entry using the ‘cut’
command in your word processing software.
Have someone else read your CV on completion:
Check your CV carefully once you have filled it in to
remove any spelling mistakes and to ensure it is laid
out clearly and logically. Have someone else read your
CV so that you are sure the content is clear and easy to
understand.
The CV template can be freely downloaded from
http://europass.cedefop.europa.eu/en/documents/
curriculum-vitae/templates-instructions
172
Europass
Curriculum Vitae
Personal information
First name(s) / Surname(s)
Address(es)
Telephone(s)
Fax(es)
E-mail
Nationality
Date of birth
Gender
Desired employment /
Occupational field
Insert photograph. Remove heading if not relevant (see instructions)
First name(s) Surname(s) (remove if not relevant, see instructions)
House number, street name, postcode, city, country (remove if not
relevant, see instructions)
(remove if not relevant,
Mobile: (remove if not relevant,
see instructions)
see instructions)
(remove if not relevant, see instructions)
Work experience
Dates
Add separate entries for each relevant post occupied, starting from
the most recent. (remove if not relevant, see instructions)
Occupation or position held
Main activities and responsibilities
Name and address of employer
Type of business or sector
Education and training
Dates
Title of qualification awarded
Principal subjects/occupational
skills covered
Name and type of organisation
providing
education and training
Level in national or international
classification
Personal skills and competences
Mother tongue(s)
Other language(s)
Self-assessment
European level (*)
Language
Language
Add separate entries for each relevant course you have completed,
starting from the most recent. (remove if not relevant, see instructions)
Specify mother tongue (if relevant add other mother tongue(s), see
instructions)
Understanding
Listening
Reading
Speaking
Spoken
interaction
Spoken
production
(*) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Writing
173
Social skills and competences
Replace this text by a description of these competences and indicate
where they were acquired. (Remove if not relevant, see instructions)
Organisational skills and competences
Technical skills and competences
Computer skills and competences
Artistic skills and competences
Other skills and competences
Driving licence
State here whether you hold a driving licence and if so for which
categories of vehicle. (Remove if not relevant, see instructions)
Additional information
Include here any other information that may be relevant, for example
contact persons, references, etc. (Remove heading if not relevant, see
instructions)
Annexes
List any items attached. (Remove heading if not relevant, see
instructions)
174
accommodate: to provide with a place to live or to be
stored in
apologize: to tell someone that you are sorry for having
done something that has caused them problems or
unhappiness
apology: an act of saying sorry
appreciate: to say that something is valuable or
important
attention: notice, thought or interest
attitude: a feeling or opinion about something or
someone
brochure: a small magazine to advertise something
business trip: a trip for business
cancellation: a decision which indicates that an
organized event will not happen or stops an order for
something
closing: end
colloquial: informal and more suitable for use in
speech than in writing
confirm: to make an arrangement or meeting certain
by writing
contact: communication with someone, to
communicate with someone
contraction: a shortened form of a word or
combination of words which is often used instead of
the full form in spoken English
deceive: to tell lies
enclosed: attached
enquiry: a question
evidence: one or more reasons for believing that
something is or is not true
facility: the buildings, equipment and services
provided for a particular purpose
formality: something that the law or an official process
says must be done
goodwill: friendly and helpful feelings
guest: a person who is staying at a hotel
handle: deal with
hesitation: when you pause before doing something,
especially because you are nervous or not certain
high-class: of very good quality
imprecise: not accurate or exact
in advance: before a particular time
low-class: of very bad quality
maid: woman who works as a servant in a hotel
matter: a situation or subject which is being dealt wit
on behalf of: for, instead of
payment: an amount of money paid
priority: something that is very important and must be
dealt with before other things
rate: an amount or level of payment
recipient: the person who receives the letter
regret: to feel sorry about a situation, especially
something sad or wrong or a mistake that you have
made
remind: to make someone think of something they
have forgotten or might have forgotten
requirement: something that you must do
salutation: greeting
sender: the person who sends the letter
sympathy: an expression of understanding and care
for someone else’s suffering
take action: move or start something
verification: proof for something to be true
verify: prove
175
1. What type of letter is written to tell the guest that
you accept their reservation request?
a. business
b. reservation
c. confirmation
d. apology
e. sales
2. Which letter type is written using a formal language?
a. reservation
b. confirmation
c. complaint
d. apology
e. all of the above
3. I would have no ______________ recommending
you the Grand Hotel to anyone who needs some work
on their smile during the vacation.
a. hesitation
b. representative
c. formality
d. business trip
e. facility
4. Which of the following expressions is used in the
‘greeting’ part of a business letter?
a. Yours sincerely,
b. Dear Sir/Madam,
c. I am writing on behalf of ...
d. I look forward to hearing from you.
e. 29th April, 2013
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the
requirements while writing a letter of apology in
response to a complaint letter?
a. Expressing sympathy
b. Apologizing if necessary
c. Make a goodwill gesture if appropriate
d. Double-checking the reason of complaint
e. Stating what action you will take
6. We hope that this matter will be corrected to our
satisfaction in the near future and look forward to
hearing from you shortly.
In what type of a business letter is the above statement
found?
a. reservation
b. confirmation
c. complaint
d. apology
e. all of the above
7. Which of the following type of information is NOT
given in a letter of reservation to a hotel?
a. Relationship status of people who will stay with
you
b. Facilities you want to take advantage of
c. Your phone number as the contact information
d. Special requirements such as a need for an ocean
view
e. Board preferences such as B&B
8. Which one is more formal?
a. See you soon.
b. Yours sincerely.
c. Best.
d. Bye.
e. Good bye.
9. I am talking _______________ my brother and
myself. We are both unhappy with your hotel!
a. before
b. with
c. everybody,
d. understanding
e. on behalf of
10. We have to ___________ the event for this weekend.
The manager has to attend a funeral in his hometown.
a. apologize
b. handle
c. contact
d. cancel
e. regret
176
Answer Key for It’s Your Turn 1
1. ‹smail ÖZTURAN as the Adminsitration Manager of
Mercan fiirketler Grubu
2. 12th March 2013
3. Gloria Towers Hotel
4. By greeting: Dear Sir/Madam,
5. To reserve a room at the hotel for Mr. Mercan
6. The date of stay, type of hotel room, payment details,
request for confirmation
7. By thanking and formal salutation
8. Formal language is used.
1. Letters 1 and 3 are sent via e-mail, 2 via mail
2. Letter 1
3. Letter 3
4. To reply to an inquiry about reservation that the
request is not confirmed
5. All of them are formal.
6. The format and the style of writing (formal) is the
shared information.
7. The content is different: Letter 1 is written for
confirmation of reservation, Letter 2 is written for
rejection, and Letter 3 is written for confirmation of
cancellation.
1. To apologize from the customer for their complaint
about their holiday.
2. To complain about the services in the villa the
customer stayed at during their holiday.
3. Yes. He apologizes from the customer a few times.
4. He states that the problems were due to the fact that
the maid was ill and they were not able to find a
replacement at such short notice.
5. He offers a 10% discount for the next year’s holiday.
6. Probably yes. Because of the formal apologies and
polite offers by the manager.
1
The project will be completed next year.
F
2
I showed that his arguments didn’t hold water.
I
3
I wonder why he put up with those terrible
conditions for so long.
I
4
Five more tests will be necessary before the
experiment can be concluded.
F
5
It is possible to consider the results from a different
viewpoint.
F
6
It has been proved that the arguments so far are
without foundation.
F
7
He’ll have to do another five tests before he can
stop the experiment.
I
8
It is not clear why such terrible conditions were
tolerated for so long.
F
9
There are a number of reasons why the
questionnaire should be revised.
F
10
We’ll finish the job next year.
I
Sample Letter:
Dear Sir,
Teenagers have just as much right to vote in the
election as adults. As citizens of this country, many
of us care deeply about what happens to it. Some
people think teenagers are too irresponsible to
make the important decisions involved in voting
but many of us are far more mature than most
adults. In conclusion, we should be given a chance
to prove ourselves as the mature and responsible
young people we are.
Yours faithfully,
Andrew
Sample Letter:
Hotel Günayd›n
Konyaalt› Caddesi, No:28
Antalya TÜRK‹YE 07100
Dear Sir/Madam,
Please be informed that I will be traveling to
Antalya on July 5th, 2013 and I will be requiring
a room at your hotel for the duration of 3 days.
I would like to reserve a sea view suite that has 2
beds included. I checked on your website, and
the price is supposed to be TRL129 per night for
a bed & breakfast accommodation.
Please call me at 500-500-5000 to verify my
reservation.
Thank you,
John Green
Correct order: 8-1-4-5-7-6-3-9-2
The original letter:
14 May 2013
From:
Diana Samuel
388 Kreidon Hills
2299 Barcelona, Spain
To:
Brian Kruger
388 Velers str
877 Berlin, Germany
Subject: Confirmation of booking in hotel
Dear Mr. Kruger,
This is the confirmation letter on your request
dated 12 May 2013. We are pleased to inform you
that we reserved for you single room with the
garden view in our hotel with the breakfast in the
morning as per your request. Al the facilities are
included. During the stay in our hotel you can
use gym, spa and pool area (the charges are
included in fees for the room).
Below there is a picture of the room reserved.
Please, review it and let us know if you want to
change your reservation or have special
requirements that we can meet.
Kindly inform us whether you need someone to
meet you in the airport, we can provide with this
service as well.
For further requires, please contact us.
Thank you in advance. We are looking forward
to meet you here.
Sincerely,
Diana Samuel
Letter 1 is in Turkish, so the guest does not understand
it.
Letter 2 is almost OK but it does not give specific and
enough information about the hotel, its facilities and
the contact information.
Letter 3 gives the best information for the customer.
Letter 4 is not meeting the needs of the guest.
177
1. a
2. g
3. j
4. d
5. b
6. i
7. f
8. c
9. h
10. e
1. c
2. e
3. a
4. b
5. d
6. c
9. e
10. d
7. a
8. b
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
http://dictionary.reference.com/
http://ezinearticles.com/?Sample-Hotel-ReservationLetter—-What-to-Include-and-Why&id=1125480
http://hotelmanagementstudy.blogspot.com/2010/05/c
onfirmation-letter.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/english/wri
ting//formal_informal/test.shtml
http://www.flinders.edu.au/slc_files/Documents/Broc
hures/formal_informal_lang.pdf)
http://www.lettoratiinglese.unito.it/download/2_writin
g_tour.doc
http://www.writeletters.net/confirmation-letter.html
Jacob, M. & Strutt, P. 1997. English for International
Tourism. London: Longman.
Reid, J. M. (2000). The Process of Composition. (3rd
Ed.). New York: Longman.

TUR‹ZM ‹Ç‹N ‹NG‹L‹ZCE-II

Transcription

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