Measuring Corruption in Indonesia : Indonesia Corruption

Transcription

Measuring Corruption in Indonesia :
Indonesia Corruption
Perception Index 2008
and
Bribery Index
Writer :
Frenky Simanjuntak
Editor :
Anita Rahman Akbarsyah
Disclaimer: This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC).
The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Transparency International Indonesia and do not
necessarily reflect the view of USAID or the United States Government.
Table of Contents
Foreword.......................................................................................................................iii
I. Introduction...........................................................................................................iv
I.1. Background.......................................................................................................iv
I.2. Objective......................................................................................................iv
II. Research Method and Sampling.........................................................................1
II.1. Terms and Definition......................................................................................1
II.1.1. Corruption............................................................................................... 1
II.1.2. Perception................................................................................................ 1
II.1.3. Index.........................................................................................................2
II.2. Sampling Method............................................................................................2
II.3. Survey Location and Method of Choosing..................................................4
II.4. Profile of Respondent..................................................................................... 7
II.4.1. Businesspersons......................................................................................7
II.4.2. Civil Society Figures...............................................................................9
II.4.3. Public Officials........................................................................................ 9
III. Survey Result.........................................................................................................11
III.1. Corruption Perception Index....................................................................... 11
III.2. Bribery Index.................................................................................................. 16
III.3. Awareness of Anti Corruption Law............................................................16
III.4. Public Officials Response to Bribery........................................................... 18
III.5. Priority for Corruption Eradication............................................................ 19
IV. Corruption Driver and GIS Analysis............................................................... 21
V. Conclussion and Recommendation.................................................................. 24
VI. Annex.......................................................................................................................25
Questionnaire for Businesspersons...................................................................... 25
Questionnaire for Civil Society Figures...............................................................46
Questionnaire for Public Officials........................................................................ 55
Measuring Corruption in Indonesia : Indonesia Corruption Perception Index 2008 And Bribery Index
i
List of Table, Chart and Map
Table
-Table 1: List of Cities........................................................................................................4
-Table 2: Classification of City According to Population..................................................4
-Table 3: Sample Distribution for Each Class of City........................................................4
-Table 4: List of Cities, Population, Class, and Targeted Sample..................................... 5
-Table 5: List of Cities Surveyed and the Corresponding Indonesia CPI 2008.................12
Chart
-Chart 1: Composition of respondent based on the size of companies (%).........................7
-Chart 2: Composition of respondent based on the source of investment (%)................... 7
-Chart 3: Current Position of Respondents from Business person (%, n=2371).............. 8
-Chart 4: Composition of Respondent
from Business persons base on gender (%; n= 2371).........................................8
-Chart 5: Composition of Respondents based on Business
Engagement with Public Institution (%; n=2371)............................................ 8
-Chart 6: Composition of Respondents from Civil Society Figures
base on Profession (%; n=396)........................................................................... 9
-Chart 7: Composition of Respondent from Business Person
base on Gender (%; n=396)................................................................................ 9
-Chart 8: Composition of Public Officials Respondents
base on echelon (%; n = 1068)............................................................................ 10
-Chart 9: Composition of Public Official Respondent
Based on Gender (%; n = 1068)......................................................................... 10
-Chart 10: Perception of Business Persons Respondent
on Local Government Effort To Curb Corruption........................................... 13
-Chart 11: Perception on Local Law Enforcement Effort
to Prosecute Corruption Case.......................................................................... 14
-Chart 12: Bribery Index and Average Amount of Money for each Transaction.............. 16
-Chart 13: Awareness of Respondent from Business Persons
on Corruption Law (%,n=2371).......................................................................17
-Chart 14: Awareness of Respondent from Local Figures
on Corruption Law (n = 396)...........................................................................17
-Chart 15: Awareness of Respondent from Local Public Official on Corruption Law.......18
-Chart 16: Experience of Respondents
from Public Officials Offered Bribe (%, n=1074).............................................18
-Chart 17: Public Officials Respond To Bribe....................................................................19
-Chart 18: Public Officials Experience on Reporting Bribe............................................... 19
-Chart 19: Priority for Corruption Eradication................................................................. 19
-Chart 20: Priority for Corruption Eradication
from Local Community Figures Respondent ( n = 396).................................. 20
-Chart 21: Priority for Corruption Eradication
from Public officials (n = 1068)........................................................................20
Map
-Map 1: GIS Analysis on Corruption Driver I:
Bribe to Speed Up Bureaucratic Process.........................................................21
-Map 2: GIS Analysis on Corruption Driver II: Bribe to Get Public Contract.................22
-Map 3: GIS Analysis on Corruption Driver III: Bribe to Get Business Permit...............22
-Map 4: GIS Analysis on Corruption Drive IV:
Bribe to get Favorable Judicial Decision..............................................................23
ii
Foreword
Research to measure level of corruption is a daunting task and in need of a good tool in
order to get a good result. The main reason why it is extremely hard to measure corruption
is because of the nature of the phenomena itself, which is by default will never be conducted
openly, often concealed very effectively. Perpetrator would not openly give information
to researcher, whereas victims of corruption often do not realize that they are actually
victimized.
Survey on perception is one of the ways to overcome the obstacle on measuring corruption.
Choosing correctly the respondents that we would like to ask about their perception,
we can gather valuable information on corruption phenomena, and that is exactly what
Indonesia Corruption Perception Index (Indonesia CPI) survey were designed to do. In
this third survey conducted by Transparency International Indonesia (TI-Indonesia), we
gathered information from 3841 respondents in 50 cities around Indonesia. The respondents
were divided into three categories, businesspersons; local civil society figures, and public
officials.
In comparison to the Indonesia CPI survey conducted in 2004 and 2006, TI-Indonesia
added more cities and sample. But most importantly, the addition is based on the more
refined research design. The research design as well as questionnaires is designed by TIIndonesia researchers, supported by corruption measurement expert from Transparency
International Secretariat from Berlin. The refinement of the design was aimed to give much
more reliable index which can be used publicly or by stakeholders in corruption eradication
effort. Corruption measurement index will always be useful for government institutions
like the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to set the priority areas of corruption
eradication. Local government measured in this survey can use the index as a point to
evaluate their achievement or failure in curbing corruption.
In addition, this survey also provides information regarding prevalence level of bribes in 15
public institutions, which is presented in the Bribery Index.
The survey is part of a project entitled Indonesia Corruption Perception Index 2008: Indepth Analysis and Corrruption Perception Survey in key cities in Indonesia supported
by American community through the Millennium Challenge Corporation and USAID.
This report could not be produced without the contribution of certain people. We would
specially thanked Juanita Riano from Transparency International, who helped TI-Indonesia
policy and research department in the workshop on designing the research. We also thank
Mrs. Jenny Putri Tanan and her colleagues from PT Karya Utama Integritas who helped
us in conducting the survey on the field. We would also like to thank Prof. Mayling OeyGardiner, Ph.D., Rezki Wibowo, Soraya Aiman, Vidya Dyasanti and Aida Fitri for their
continuous support in the whole project.
We hope that this publication can give benefit to the nation’s continuous struggle to fight
corruption.
Transparency International Indonesia
iii
I. Introduction
I. 1. Background
Research on measuring corruption has been one of core products of Transparency
International (TI). Since its establishment on 1996, TI has given its contribution for global
movement against corruption by releasing Corruption Perception Index (CPI) annually. The
index, which measures the perceived level of corruption of countries around the world, has
been released constantly every year from 1996 up till now. It has been much referred as one
of not too many sources on the issue of measuring corruption.
Transparency International Indonesia has also produced its own index called Indeks Persepsi
Korupsi Indonesia (IPK Indonesia) in line with the spirit of CPI. IPK Indonesia measures
the perceived level of corruption in regencies and cities (in cities for IPK Indonesia 2008)
in Indonesia. TI Indonesia has conducted the survey for this index twice, in 2004 and 2006.
On each survey, TI Indonesia increased the scope of the survey, by means of increasing the
number of the areas surveyed (21 cities/regencies in 2004, 32 in 2006) and the number of
respondents.
In 2008, TI Indonesia launched another survey as part of “Indonesia Corruption Perception
Index 2008: In-depth Analysis and Corruption Perception Survey in key cities within
Indonesia” project. The project consisted of an in-depth analysis research on corruption
phenomena in 10 cities around Indonesia, IPK Indonesia 2008 survey, and socialization
campaign. The overall objective of the project is to support Indonesian government on
strengthening the national strategy for corruption eradication; especially in support for
Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). work TI-Indonesia expects that all
the findings from the surveys will be useful for the commission in designing strategy to
fight corruption.
The survey also produced Bribery Index (Indeks Suap) that measures the prevalence level
of bribe in 15 public institutions. The IPK Indonesia survey was conducted on September –
November 2008 with a total sample of 3841 respondents in 50 cities in Indonesia.
I. 2. Objective
The survey is conducted to achieve two objectives:
-To measure the perceived level of corruption in local government of 50 cities in
Indonesia, represented in Indonesia Corruption Perception Index (Indonesia CPI) or
Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia (IPK Indonesia).
-To measure the prevalence level of bribery in 15 public institutions based on
businesspeople experience. It will be represented by the Bribery Index (Indeks Suap).
iv
II. Research Method and Sampling
II. 1. Used Terms and Definition
II. 1. 1.Corruption
Transparency International’s definition of corruption is misuse of power for private gain.1
According to the Indonesian Law No. 31, 1999 as ammended by Law No. 20, 2001, there are
30 types of criminal activities that can be classified as corruption. These crime activities can
be grouped into seven categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Action of public officials that cause state financial loss
Bribery
Embezzlement
Extortion
Misconduct (in public procurement)
Conflict of interest (in public procurement)
Gratification
Based on these two references, in this survey TI-Indonesia defines corruption as misuse of
public authority for private gain. Operational concepts of the corruption are:
1. Bribes: Act of payment to government officials in order to gain privilege or to
speed up the bureaucratic process.
2. State official fraud: Act of using government facilities, goods, and funding for
personal benefit.
3. Extortion: Illicit grant-taking conducted by public officials.
4. Conflict of interest in procurement processes: Direct or indirect involvement in
the bidding process of local government officials in charge of the procurement
process.
Transparency International website. TI further differentiates between “according to rule” corruption and “against
the rule” corruption. Facilitation payments, where a bribe is paid to receive preferential treatment for something
that the bribe receiver is required to do by law, constitute the former. The latter, on the other hand, is a bribe paid to
obtain services the bribe receiver is prohibited from providing. (http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/
corruption_faq )
1
1
II. 1. 2. Perception
Perceptions are operationally defined for this research as an intuitive judgment based on
personal experience, heuristics and available information2. Within the limitation of this
operational definition, people’s perceptions can be formed either by direct involvement or
experience with the phenomenon being studied, or by exposure to information through
different sources such as media.
II. 1. 3. Index
An index is a numerical scale used to compare variable with one another or with some
reference number. In this survey, the index represents perceived levels of corruption in
local governments, based on the opinions of experts3 .
For the Corruption Perception Index, the range of index is from 0 to 10, where 0 means
that the local government is perceived to be very corrupt, whereas 10 means that they are
perceived as very clean.
II. 2. Sampling Method
Target sample for this survey are 4000 individuals in 50 cities, categorized into three
groups:
a. 60% businesspersons (2,400 respondents)
b. 10% civil society figures (400 respondents)
c. 30% public officials (1200 respondents)
The composition for each groups are:
1. Businesspersons: Sample will be stratified by size of firm as well as by economic
sector:
a. Firms Size: As defined by number of full time employees. This distribution is
intentionally biased towards middle and large companies.
i. Small domestically owned enterprises: Less than 20 employees (15%)
ii. Medium domestically owned enterprises: Between 20 and 99 employees
(35%)
iii.Large domestically owned enterprises: More than 100 employees (35%)
iv.Multinational enterprises (15%)
b. Sector: The following sectors4 will be represented in the sample:
i. Agriculture
ii. Mining and quarrying
iii. Industry
iv. Electricity, gas and water supply
v. Construction
vi. Trade, hotel and restaurant
(http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/publications/riscomm/riscomm_appe.shtml)
Expert is defined in this research as business persons.
4
This sectoral classification is the one used by the Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Statistic Body from Indonesia)
2
3
2
vii. Transport and communication
viii. Financial institutions
ix. Services
2. Civil society figures interviewed in the survey are academics, religious and
community leaders who have extensive engagement to society through publication
or community organizing in each city.
3. Public Officials: A pool of 1,200 officials from the following institutions would be
interviewed throughout the country:
i. Tax Office
ii. Police force
iii. Immigration Office
iv. Land Regulatory Bodies (BPN)
v. Local legislative
vi. District Attorney
vii. Court of Justice
viii. Public Service Office
ix. Department of religion office
x. Department of education office
The number of officials interviewed in each city is 50% of total respondents from
businesspersons.
Total achieved respondents for this survey are 3841 persons, composed of
business persons (2371 persons), public officials (1074 persons), and civil
society figures (396 persons).
3
II. 3. Survey Location
Fifty (50) cities were chosen by TI-Indonesia for the location of the survey (Table 1). They
consist of 33 capitals of provinces. Seventeen (17) more cities were added, taken from the
list of BPS survey on inflation in 2006.
Table 1. List of Cities
Banda Aceh
01
Pangkal Pinang
14
Malang
27
Manado
40
Lhokseumawe
02
Bandar Lampung
15
Kediri
28
Palu
41
Medan
03
Jakarta
16
Jember
29
Gorontalo
42
Padang Sidempuan
04
Bandung
17
Pontianak
30
Makassar
43
Pematang Siantar
05
Serang/Cilegon
18
Palangkaraya
31
Mamuju
44
Sibolga
06
Tasikmalaya
19
Balikpapan
32
Kendari
45
Pakan Baru
07
Cirebon
20
Sampit
33
Ambon
46
Batam
08
Semarang
21
Banjarmasin
34
Ternate
47
Tanjung Pinang
09
Surakarta
22
Samarinda
35
Jayapura
48
Padang
10
Yogyakarta
23
Tenggarong
36
Manokwari
49
Jambi
11
Tegal
24
Denpasar
37
Sorong
50
Palembang
12
Purwokerto
25
Mataram
38
Bengkulu
13
Surabaya
26
Kupang
39
Sampling method for this survey is quota sampling. Each cities were classified according to
their population (Table 2), and then from each class sample were drown with the range of
number of respondents between 410 to 50 persons (Table 3). For each cities, sample were
classified again to three groups of respondents, business people (60%), public official (30%),
and civil society figures (Table 4).
Table 2. Classification
of City According to Population
Kelas
A
B
C
D
E
F
4
Range Populasi
> 3.000.000
2.000.000 s/d < 3.000.000
1.000.000 s/d < 2.000.000
500.000 s/d < 1.000.000
250.000 s/d < 500.000
0 s/d < 250.000
Table 3. Sample Distribution
for Each Class of City
Kelas
Jumlah Kota
B
C
D
E
F
Total
3
3
10
13
20
50
Jumlah
Sampel
140
120
90
70
50
Total Sampel
420
360
900
910
1000
4000
Table 4. List of Cities, Population, Class, and Targeted Sample
No
City
Province
Population Class Sample Respondents
Business
Civil
Society
Public
Official
1
Jakarta
DKI Jkt
8,961,680
A
410
246
41
123
2
Cilegon
Banten
331,667
E
70
42
7
21
3
Bandung
Jabar
2,315,895
B
140
84
14
42
4
Tasikmalaya
Jabar
594,158
D
90
54
9
27
5
Cirebon
Jabar
281,089
E
70
42
7
21
6
Semarang
Jateng
1,468,292
C
120
72
12
36
7
Tegal
Jateng
239,038
F
50
30
5
15
8
Surakarta
Jateng
512,898
D
90
54
9
27
9
Purwokerto
Jateng
225,381
F
50
30
5
15
10
Yogyakarta
DIY
442,209
E
70
42
7
21
11
Surabaya
Jatim
2,698,972
B
140
84
14
42
12
Pontianak
Kalbar
521,369
D
90
54
9
27
13
Malang
Jatim
779,002
D
90
54
9
27
14
Kediri
Jatim
254,367
E
70
42
7
21
15
Jember
Jatim
300,000
E
70
42
7
21
16
Palangkaraya
Kalteng
183,801
F
50
30
5
15
17
Denpasar
Bali
457,916
E
70
42
7
21
18
Mataram
NTB
348,870
E
70
42
7
21
19
Kupang
NTT
344,008
E
70
42
7
21
20
Balikpapan
Kaltim
50,812
F
50
30
5
15
21
Sampit
Kalteng
50,000
F
50
30
5
15
22
Banjarmasin
Kalsel
572,300
D
90
54
9
27
23
Samarinda
Kaltim
569,004
D
90
54
9
27
24
Tenggarong
Kaltim
67,333
F
50
30
5
15
25
Manado
Sulut
422,355
E
70
42
7
21
26
Gorontalo
Gorontalo
148,080
F
50
30
5
15
27
Palu
Sulteng
304,747
E
70
42
7
21
28
Makassar
Sulsel
1,193,434
C
120
72
12
36
5
29
Mamuju
Sulbar
200,000
F
50
30
5
15
30
Kendari
Sultra
265,646
E
70
42
7
21
31
Ternate
Malut
151,152
F
50
30
5
15
32
Ambon
Maluku
226,726
F
50
30
5
15
33
Jayapura
Papua
199,949
F
50
30
5
15
34
Manokwari
Irba
50,000
F
50
30
5
15
35
Sorong
Irba
183,427
F
50
30
5
15
36
Banda Aceh
NAD
239,146
F
50
30
5
15
37
Lhokseumawe
NAD
138,663
F
50
30
5
15
38
Medan
Sumut
2,067,288
B
140
84
14
42
39
Padang
Sidempuan
Sumut
181,865
F
50
30
5
15
40
Sibolga
Sumut
91,941
F
50
30
5
15
41
Pematang
Siantar
Sumut
235,372
F
50
30
5
15
42
Padang
Sumbar
784,740
D
90
54
9
27
43
Jambi
Jambi
451,968
E
70
42
7
21
44
Palembang
Sumsel
1,369,239
C
120
72
12
36
45
Bengkulu
Bengkulu
261,438
E
70
42
7
21
46
Pangkal Pinang
Babel
141,185
F
50
30
5
15
47
Bandar
Lampung
Lampung
796,620
D
90
54
9
27
48
Pekanbaru
Riau
754,448
D
90
54
9
27
49
Batam
Kepri
551,188
D
90
54
9
27
50
Tanjung Pinang
Kepri
164,197
F
50
30
5
15
4000
2400
400
1200
TOTAL
6
34,144,875
II. 4. Profile of Respondents
Respondent for this survey are classified to three groups, businesspersons, public officials,
and civil society figures. Here are the profil es of the sample of each group.
II.4.1. Businessperson
2371 respondent from business person were interviewed in this survey. Based on the size
of the companies where they work, there are 871 respondents from small-sized companies,
782 respondents from medium-sized companies, and 422 respondents from big-sized
companies (Chart 1). There are also 296 respondents from multi-national companies.
Based on the source of investment, 88% are local companies, and 12% are multi national
companies (Chart 2).
Chart 1. Composition of respondent based on the size of companies (%)
Big
(100+)
24%
Small (5-19)
Small39%
(519)
39%
Medium
(20-99)
37%
Chart 2. Composition of respondent based on the source of investment (%)
MNC
12%
Local
88%
All respondents from business persons group are selected from the people with executive
authority in the company their working in (Chart 3). Majority of business persons
interviewed are male (75%). (Chart 4).
7
Chart 3. Current Position of Respondents from Business person (%, n=2371)
45
31
5
Managing
Director/Preside
nt Director
9
Director
General
Manager
Owner/patner
Manager
8
Chart 4. Composition of Respondent from Business persons base on gender
(%; n= 2371)
Female
25%
Male
75%
Even though this is a perception survey, but as already mentioned above, perception are
also based on experience among other things. Because of this reason the survey is design
from the start to target business persons who have actual interaction with public or
government institutions, in the context of getting public service or in business relationship.
All respondents from business persons must have company related interaction in the
context of public service. Whereas on business interaction, this survey targeted 20% of
total respondents in this group must have business interaction with public or government
institutions. The end result exceeds this target; 29% of respondent from business persons
have business interaction with public institutions (Chart 5).
Chart 5. Composition of Respondents based on Business Engagement with Public Institution
(%; n=2371)
Yes
Female
25%
29%
N0
Male
71%
75%
8
III. 4. 2. Civil Society Figures
Sample from civil society figures are 396 respondents. Most of them are from local
academics (39%) and religious leader (34%). The rest of respondents are youth leaders,
ethnic leaders, etc (Chart 6). Based on gender, only 8% female civil society figures
interviewed in this survey (Chart 7).
Chart 6. Composition of Respondents from Civil Society Figures
base on Profession (%; n=396)
Religious
Religious
Leaders
Leaders
34%
34%
Others
Others
27%
27%
Academic
Academic
39%
39%
Chart 7. Composition of Respondent from Business Person
base on Gender (%; n=396)
Female
8%
Male
92%
II. 4. 3. Public Officials
1074 respondents from public official were interviewed in this survey. In several cities like
Surabaya, Samarinda, and Bandung, many public officials refused to be interviewed for
this survey, but generally in most cities public officials are relatively cooperative.
Targeted respondents from this group are from IV Echelon upward. These criteria were
designed so that respondents from this group can represent their institution in answering
the questionnaire. Actually in several cities these criteria are difficult to accomplished,
which results on a small percentage of respondents came from non-echelon staffs (7%).
Most respondents are from IV echelon (52%), proceeded by III echelon (31%). 1% are from
I Echelon. (Chart 8). Base on gender, 17% of respondents from this group are female (Chart
9).
9
Chart 8. Composition of Public Officials Respondents base on echelon (%; n = 1068)
Ech. II
9%
Non
Echelon
Ech.I
7%
1%
Ech. III
31%
Ech. IV
52%
Chart 9. Composition of Public Official Respondent Based on Gender (%; n = 1068)
Female
17%
Male
83%
10
III Survey Result
III. 1. Corruption Perception Index
Indonesia CPI was originated from respondents of businesspersons group in each city. It
was formulated from questions asked to this group on:
-Perception of Bribery on:
• Applying Business Permit
• Public Utility Procedure
• Annual Tax Payment
• Awarding of Public Contract
• Getting Favorable Judicial Decision
• Influencing Policy, Law, Regulation
• Speeding up Bureaucratic Process
-Perception on:
• Local Government Fraud
• Conflict of Interest
We asked businesspersons to give rank on how likely they perceived the local public
officials to engage in corruption activities listed above. The answer was given in score, from
0 (common) to 10 (uncommon).
Two variables are related to how business person perceive on how serious local public
officials on their effort to curb corruption:
• How serious local government in their effort on preventing corruption
• How serious local law enforcement in their effort to prosecute corruption cases
They were asked to give rank on how they perceive this, from 0 (not serious at all) to 10
(very serious).
The CPI was then produced from the total average of the score for each cities on local
government corruption, plus the average of the score on local government effort to curb
corruption.
CPI was formulated from total average of these eleven variables. Based on this formulation,
CPI Indonesia 2008 highest score is 6,43 (Jogjakarta), where the lowest is 2,97 (Kupang)
(Table 5). Average of all CPI is 4,42.
11
Table 5. List of Cities Surveyed and the Corresponding Indonesia CPI 2008
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
12
City (n = number of businessperson
respondents)
Jogjakarta (n = 44)
Palangkaraya (n = 31)
Banda Aceh (n = 30)
Jambi (n = 42)
Mataram (n = 42)
Surakarta (n = 53)
Tasikmalaya (n = 55)
Banjarmasin (n = 51)
Samarinda (n = 35)
Pangkal Pinang (n = 31)
Ternate (n = 27)
Jayapura (n = 32)
Malang (n = 55)
Jember (n = 42)
Kediri (n = 42)
Balikpapan (n = 35)
Gorontalo (n = 30)
Makassar (n = 73)
Padang (n = 54)
Sampit (n = 39)
Semarang (n = 72)
Bandar Lampung (n = 54)
Cilegon (n = 42)
Palu (n = 42)
Bengkulu (n = 42)
Batam (n = 52)
Sorong (n = 30)
Tenggarong (n = 31)
Tanjung Pinang ( n = 31)
Ambon (n = 31)
Surabaya (n = 84)
Denpasar (n = 43)
Sibolga (n = 30)
Lhoksemauwe (n = 30)
Mamuju (n = 29)
Jakarta (n = 219)
Manado (n = 40)
Pematang Siantar (n = 29)
Palembang (n = 73)
CPI
6.43
6.1
5.87
5.57
5.41
5.35
5.12
5.11
5.03
5.03
5.01
5.01
5
4.96
4.9
4.86
4.83
4.7
4.64
4.6
4.58
4.58
4.57
4.5
4.46
4.44
4.39
4.38
4.35
4.32
4.26
4.25
4.25
4.14
4.08
4.06
3.98
3.96
3.87
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Medan (n = 83)
Cirebon (n = 43)
Pontianak (n = 53)
Bandung (n = 84)
Padang Sidempuan (n = 30)
Pekanbaru (n = 52)
Purwokerto (n = 30)
Kendari (n = 42)
Manokwari (n = 33)
Tegal (n = 30)
Kupang (n = 44)
3.84
3.82
3.81
3.67
3.66
3.55
3.54
3.43
3.39
3.32
2.97
Indonesian CPI 2008 shows that in the cities like Jogjakarta, Palangkaraya and Banda Aceh,
local business persons perceived that bribery and corruption are already not common to
be practiced by local public officials. On the contrary, in cities with low score like Kupang,
Tegal and Manokwari, it can be inferred that local business people there still perceived that
corruption is still very common there.
Local Government Effort to Fight Corruption
Two variables measuring the level of effort on local government and law enforcement
are quite interesting to observe more deeply. The reason is because in some cities with
low CPI score their score for these two variables are quite high, like in Mamuju or
Purwokerto. What can be assumed from that is that in these particular cities business
persons perceived that local government and law enforcement already serious in their
effort to curb corruption, but at the actual day to day live corruption and bribery are still
common.
Chart 10. Perception of Business Persons Respondent on Local Government Effort To
Curb Corruption
a. Rank 1-10
5.24
uj
u
am
ed
K
5.21
M
r
iri
5.26
be
m
Je
pu
ng
5.31
rL
am
ik
p
ap
an
g
an
5.43
da
ka
ng
B
Pa
5.74
B
al
a
ay
lP
in
ar
ar
la
n
gk
ak
Su
r
6.03
an
6.19
ta
h
6.27
A
ce
da
an
B
Yo
gy
ak
ar
ta
6.43
Pa
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
13
b. Rank 11-25
Ta
si
km
G ala
or ya
on
t
M alo
an
M
ak ado
as
M sa
at r
ar
a
Pa m
d
Su an
Pu r a g
rw bay
ok a
e
Ja rto
ya
pu
M ra
ed
a
J n
Po am
nt bi
Se ian
m ak
a
D ran
en g
pa
s
A ar
m
bo
n
10
9
8
7
6 5 .0 2 4 .9 34 .9 3 4 .8 6 4 .8 6
4 .6 54 .6 5 4 .5 4 .4 7 4 .4 64 .4 4 4 .4 2 4 .3 3 4 .3 34 .3 2
5
4
3
2
1
0
c. Rank 26-40
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Se
C
ire
bo
ra Ja n
ng ka
/C rta
i
Pa leg
le on
Te mb
ng an
ga g
ro
ng
B
at
am
Pa
l
B Ma u
an
la
n
ja
rm g
as
in
Pa Te
ka ga
l
n
B
B aru
a
Pe S nd
un
a
m
at ma g
an ri
g nd
Si a
an
Te tar
rn
at
e
4.3 4.27 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.25 4.24 4.16 4.12 4.1 4.1 4.06 4.03 3.9
3.67
d. Rank 41-50
i
2.28
w
ar
ro
ok
an
ok
M
se
K
So
up
aw
2.29
ng
g
3.27
an
e
ri
da
3.39
um
en
Si
Pa
da
Lh
ng
nj
Ta
3.43
K
m
de
g
un
B
3.47
an
t
m
Sa
gk
en
3.56
pi
ng
u
ul
lg
bo
Si
3.61
pu
3.62
a
3.63
na
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Pi
Chart 11. Perception on Local Law Enforcement Effort to Prosecute Corruption Case
a. Rank 1-10
pa
4.98
Ta
ak
M
pa
4.99
sa
si
r
km
al
ay
a
5.06
n
lo
nt
a
lik
Ba
be
m
or
o
G
5.07
as
5.21
r
h
Je
a
nd
Ba
5.37
A
ce
g
pu
n
ng
m
ar
al
5.72
Ba
ng
k
La
ka
ng
Pa
la
5.77
Pi
na
ra
ar
ak
gy
Pa
Yo
14
6
ya
ta
6.16
nd
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
b. Rank 11-25
Su
ra
k
M arta
at
ar
a
Pa m
da
ng
Ke
di
Ja ri
Su mb
Te rab i
ng ay
ga a
ro
n
Am g
Ja bo
ya n
pu
M ra
am
M uju
Sa ana
m do
ar
in
d
M a
Po eda
nt n
ia
n
Ci ak
re
bo
n
10
9
8
7
6 4.91 4.86 4.85 4.76 4.69 4.68 4.68 4.68 4.63 4.62
4.55 4.544.54 4.49 4.47
5
4
3
2
1
0
c. Rank 26-40
Se
Pa
m lu
ar
an
Se
g
ra Ba
ng ta
/C m
Pu ile
rw go
ok n
er
Ja to
ka
Pe
m Be rta
ng
at
an
ku
g
Si lu
an
t
Te ar
Pa rn
Ta le ate
nj mb
un
a
g ng
Pi
na
n
Sa g
m
p
M it
al
a
D
en ng
pa
sa
r
Te
ga
l
10
9
8
7
6 4.45
4.38 4.35 4.33 4.33 4.31 4.21 4.17 4.15 4.14 4.13 4.13 4.09 4.05 3.97
5
4
3
2
1
0
d. Rank 41-50
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
g
um
aw
M
e
an
ok
w
ar
i
Ku
pa
ng
Ke
nd
ar
i
So
ro
ng
du
n
se
n
as
i
Ba
n
Lh
ok
lg
a
rm
nj
a
Ba
Ba
r
n
ka
Pa
Pa
da
ng
Si
de
m
pu
a
n
u
3.93 3.92 3.83 3.82 3.75 3.71 3.59 3.36
3.19 3.04
Si
bo
15
II. 2. Bribery Index
The Bribery Index was calculated using responses of businesspersons regarding their
experiences with bribery at different institutions when seeking service or conducting
business. For each of the institutions, a ratio between the number of times businesspersons
have contact with the institution and the number of times that they were requested for
a bribe would be calculated. Then individual rates will be averaged by institution. The
resulting number then multiplied by 100 and the resulting is the bribery index for that
particular agency in a form of percentage (0 -100 percent).
In addition, for each institution in which the respondents admitted for being engaged in
bribe interaction, they were asked to reveal the average amount of payment they had paid
on their last transaction. These figures then were averaged for each institution.
Chart 12. Bribery Index and Average Amount of Money for each Transaction
II. 3. Awareness of Anti Corruption Law
We asked all respondents on whether they know about the Law No. 31, 1999 as amended
by Law No. 20, 2001 on Corruption.
Respondents from businesspersons (n = 2371) show a good level of awareness of the law,
although only 22% of them ever read the law.
16
Chart 13. Awareness of Respondent from Business Persons on Corruption Law
(%,n=2371)
EVER READ
AWARENESS
Base: all aware (n=2140)
NO
10%
YES
22%
YES
90%
NO
78%
Respondents from civil society leader figure (local academics, leader of mass organizations, etc)
showed greater level of awareness.
Chart 14. Awareness of Respondent from Local Figures on Corruption Law (n = 396)
AWARENESS
EVER READ
Base: all aw are (n=372)
NO
6%
YES
41%
YES
94%
NO
59%
Respondents from public officials show the greatest level of awareness (98%), and more
than half (54%) said they have read the law.
17
Chart 15. Awareness of Respondent from Local Public Official on Corruption Law
AWARENESS
EVER READ
NO
2%
Base: all aware (n=1044)
NO
46%
YES
54%
YES
98%
III.4. Public Officials Response to Bribe
The survey asked respondents from public officials on whether on their duties they have
experiences of being offered a bribe and how they responded to it. Fifty four percent (54%)
admitted of never having been offered bribe, 38% answered sometimes, 5% said often, and
2% said always.
We asked respondents that have experience of being offered money on whether they would
have received it. Fifty percent (58%) answered firmly that they definitely will refuse and
say no, 1% said definitely yes. Interestingly, 15% said that they will probably take the offer,
and 25% said that they will probably reject the offer, which means that 40% of the public
officials offered bribe would probably take it if circumstances is right.
Public officials also tend to be reluctant to report bribery; 94% of public officials said they
have never reported bribery, and only 6% said they have.
Chart 16. Experience of Respondents from Public Officials Offered Bribe (%, n=1074)
N/A
1%
Never
54%
18
Alw ays
2%
Often
5%
Som etim es
38%
Chart 17. Public Officials Respond To Bribe
N/A Definitely Yes
Pasti 1%
Am bil
1%
1%
Mungkin akan
Probably Yes
am bil
15%
15%
Pasti tolak
Definitely
No
58%
58%
Probably No
Mungkin
25% akan
tolak
25%
Chart 18. Public Officials Experience on Reporting Bribe
YES
6%
NO
94%
III. 5.Priority For Corruption Eradication
We asked respondents on which government institutions should be prioritized to be cleaned
from corruption. All groups of respondents answered that number one to be prioritized is
the court of justice, followed by district attorney, police and local legislative.
Chart 19. Priority for Corruption Eradication from Business Persons Respondent (%, n =
2371)
Court, Judiciary
23
12
Court of Justice
11
District Attorney
22
Police force
21
Local legislative
13
Tax Office
Public Service Office /One-stop
Service
Department of education office
4
Department of religion office
4
Land Regulatory Bodies (BPN)
Immigration Office
9
2
1
19
Chart 20. Priority for Corruption Eradication from Local Community Figures Respondent
( n = 396)
Court, Judiciary
37
District Attorney
19
Court of Justice
18
Local legislative
17
Police force
15
Public Service Office
8
Department of Education
8
Department of religious affairs
7
Tax Office
Immigration Office
5
2
1
Chart 21. Priority for Corruption Eradication from Public officials (n = 1068)
32
Court, Judiciary
District Attorney
19
Police force
19
18
Local legislative
13
Court of Justice
Public Service Office /One-stop
Service
Tax Office
9
6
5
Department of education office
Department of religion office
3
3
Immigration Office
20
2
IV. Corruption Driver and GIS Analysis
Multivariate analysis on perception of bribery was conducted to identify which variable
were the most influential to the increase or decrease of CPI in each city. Those 7 variables
are perception on bribery on:
- Applying Business Permit
- Public Utility Procedure
- Annual Tax Payment
- Awarding of Public Contract
- Getting Favorable Judicial Decision
- Influencing Policy, Law, Regulation
- Speeding up Bureaucratic Process
Using mathematical model 4 variables were identified as the most influential variable to
the dynamic of the CPI score:
- bribe to speed up bureaucratic process
- bribe to get public contract
- bribe to get business permit
- bribe to get favorable judicial decision
We identified these variables as Corruption Driver, which means that these variables are
the most influential in driving the index up or down. Using Geographical Information
System (GIS) analysis, several interesting pattern emerge:
Map 1. GIS Analysis on Corruption Driver I: Bribe to Speed Up Bureaucratic Process
21
Interesting pattern emerge in Sumatra and Java. Corruption Driver from bribery to speed
up bureaucratic process show strong influence on the western part of these islands. In
Sumatra the pattern was concentrated in Medan, while in Java it concentrate in DKI Jakarta
and West Java. No pattern shown in Kalimantan and eastern part of Indonesia.
Map 2. GIS Analysis on Corruption Driver II: Bribe to Get Public Contract
Corruption Driver from variable on bribery for getting public contract shows a same pattern
with bribery to speed up bureaucratic process. These pattern from the two corruption driver
create an assumption that these type of corruption emerge in a relatively wealthy cities.
Map 3. GIS Analysis on Corruption Driver III: Bribe to Get Business Permit
22
Corruption Driver on bribery to get public contract shows equal distribution in East
Indonesian region but shows strongest influence in two cities, Pontianak and Kupang.
While in Sumatra and Java, strongest influence shown around Medan and Jakarta.
Map 4. GIS Analysis on Corruption Drive IV: Bribe to get Favorable Judicial Decision.
Corruption driver on bribe to get favorable judicial decision shows no obvious pattern or
concentration in particular area. High score emerge in big or small cities with no obvious
pattern, which draws to assumption that this driver are more spontaneous and casuistic on
its nature.
23
V. Conclussion and Recommendation
Indonesia Corruption Perception Index indicate that corruption in local government of
cities in Indonesia is still perceived to be high (overall average of the score of 50 cities
is 4,42). But in several cities like Jogjakarta, Palangkaraya, and Banda Aceh the score
indicate that there is a reasonable effort of public officials to curb corruption there.
Whereas on most cities surveyed the index show that there are a lot of work still needed
to curb corruption.
GIS analysis on 4 corruption driver variable shows geographical patern that still need
further analysis to get a more conclusive explanation.
Bribery index shows that police is still considered as the most vulnerable to bribery, as
well as Customs and Imigration Office. MUI, BPOM and National Tax office are the least
vulnerable public institution against bribery.
Based on these finding, TI-Indonesia recommend that:
1. Local government of the cities surveyed use the index as reference to make policy on corruption eradication
2. Public institution like police, customs and immigration office need to reform its system to reduce their vulnerability from bribe.
24
VI. Annex
Questionnaire for Businesspersons
M80715
- CPI 2008PT. Karya Utama
Integritas
Jl. Cilosari 35
Jakarta 10330
Name of respondent:
Position:
Name of Company:
Address:
PRIVATE – FIELD
Name of interviewer :
Date of interview :
Length of interview : ………… minutes
Start: ……………. End:…………………..
Name of TL :
Name of SPV :
Post Code:
Office Telephone:
Fax
Mobile:
E-mail:
I declare that I have
followed the respondent’s
recruitment
procedure
with full responsibility
and have conducted the
interview as instructed.
If error or cheating is
found in the respondent’s
selection and interview
process affecting the
quality of data, I agree to
accept the penalty.
Quality Control
Interviewer
Witness
TL Check
SPV. Check
Recall/Verify
No.
Kues:_______________
No.
Intvr:_______________
Respondent’s Signature:
Gift: _______________
Interview: _____________
Signature of interviewer: _____________
Checked by:
TL :_________________________
SPV :________________________
Checker :_____________________
Name
Date
Sign
Comments
25
CITIES:
Banda Aceh
01
Lhokseumawe
02
Medan
Padang
Sidempuan
Pematang
Siantar
Sibolga
Pakan Baru
Batam
Tanjung Pinang
Padang
Jambi
Palembang
Bengkulu
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
Pangkal
Pinang
Bandar
Lampung
Jakarta
Bandung
14 Malang
27
Manado
40
15 Kediri
28
Palu
41
16 Jember
17 Pontianak
29
30
Gorontalo
Makassar
42
43
Serang/
Cilegon
Tasikmalaya
Cirebon
Semarang
Surakarta
Yogyakarta
Tegal
Purwokerto
Surabaya
18 Palangkaraya
31
Mamuju
44
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
39
Kendari
Ambon
Ternate
Jayapura
Manokwari
Sorong
45
46
47
48
49
50
Balikpapan
Sampit
Banjarmasin
Samarinda
Tenggarong
Denpasar
Mataram
Kupang
TELEPHONE CALL TO MAKE APPOINTMENT
INTRODUCTION: Good morning/afternoon/evening, we are from PT. Karya Utama
Integritas/3i-s research, an independent marketing research company. Firstly, may I speak
with Mr/Mrs …….. ?
If asked to explain: Our company has been assigned by Transparency International
Indonesia (TI-Indonesia), a global coalition of anti corruption movement which focus
on the survey of corruption, to do a survey on Indonesia Corruption Perception Index
2008: In-depth Analysis and Corruption Perception Survey in key cities within Indonesia.
Transparency International Indonesia do the survey because they would like to have a
deeper understanding about the main problems faced by the business world in order to
give a better solution for the public. All responses will be translated into numbers and
published in such a way that it would be impossible to refer to the individuals.
AFTER CONNECTED TO THE RIGHT PERSON, START WITH THE INTRODUCTION
AGAIN:
Good morning/afternoon/evening. My name is …………… I work for PT. Karya Utama
Integritas/3i-s research, an independent market research company conducting all sorts of
surveys. Today, we are doing research for Transparency International Indonesia.
Repeat the explanation as in the INTRODUCTION if needed by the respondent.
26
SCREENING
S1a. Does your company own business license (IUJK, SIUP, SIUI, TDP)?
Yes.......................................................................................................................1 –
CONTINUE
No........................................................................................................................2 –
TERMINATE
S1b. Does your company own NPWP?
Yes.......................................................................................................................1 –
CONTINUE
No........................................................................................................................2 –
TERMINATE
S1c.
What is the legal organisation of this company? [SHOW CARD]
a. Private Sector: Single proprietorship, family-owned........ 1
Partnership....................................................... 2
Cooperative.................................................. 3
Company listed on stock exchange........... 4
Other private company.............................. 5
b. Others .................................................................................. 5
CEK KUOTA
................................................................................................TERMINATE
S2. Approximately how many full-time employees does this company employ?
1-4............................................................................ 1 –
TERMINATE
5-9............................................................................ 2
10-19........................................................................ 3
20-49........................................................................ 4
50-99........................................................................ 5
100-199.................................................................... 6
200-499.................................................................... 7
500 or more............................................................ 8
S3a. Ownership status (indicate a percentage of your company that is owned by)
Domestic Private Sector
_________________ %
Government Company/BUMN _________________ %
Foreign Private Company
_________________ % - ASK S3b
27
S3b. [FOR MNC] In what country is your headquarter located? Or, what is the
nationality of the main shareholder of this company?
Canada.................................................................................................
France...................................................................................................
Germany..............................................................................................
Hong Kong..........................................................................................
Japan....................................................................................................
Korea....................................................................................................
Singapore.............................................................................................
United Kingdom.................................................................................
USA.......................................................................................................
China.....................................................................................................
Taiwan..................................................................................................
OTHERS (SPECIFY)...........................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S4. May we know, what is the business of this company ……….. [SPECIFY]
_________________________________________________________________
BUSINESS SECTOR: [CIRCLE AS APPROPRIATE AS THE BPS CLASSIFICATION]
S5a. In the past 12 months, has your company had contact with the services or
officials from the state sector/government institutions?
Yes.......................................................................................................................1 –
CONTINUE
No........................................................................................................................2 –
TERMINATE
ASK ALL
S5b. In the past 12 months, has your company had contact with the services or
officials for public service from the following [MULTIPLE]
The company is
eligibile if has
interactions with
Badan Pertanahan Negara
1
- 2 Inst for small
Layanan Perpajakan nasional (PPH badan, PPN, PPNBM )
2
- 4 Inst for med
Layanan Pajak/retribusi daerah (PBB, Pajak kendaraan, Pajak Iklan)
3
- 7 Inst. For big
28
Imigrasi (KIMS, KITAS)
4
Departemen Hukum (paten)
5
Polisi
6
DLLAJR
7
Bea Cukai
8
Pelindo (Pelabuhan)
9
Angkasa Pura (Bandara)
10
Exception for mnc
and
companies
having
business
contact with the
state sector.
Pengadilan
11
BPOM
12
MUI (Sertifikat Halal)
13
Pemda/Pemkot (untuk pelayanan ke publik)
14
DEPKES
15
S6a. In the past 12 months, has your company had BUSINESS with the state
sector/
government institutions, whether as supplier or won contracts, or others?
[CHECKQUOTA ]
Yes......................................................................................
No.......................................................................................
1 – ASK S6b
2 – GO TO S7
S6b. Does your company ever engage in business with local government institutions?
WRITE IN THE GRID
ASK FOR EACH INSTITUTION:
S6c. What kind of business have you ever conducted with the institution? Multiple
WRITE DOWN THE CODE OF THE MAIN BUSINESS AT THE END
Office supply.............................................................................................
Consultation Services...............................................................................
Travel arrangements................................................................................
Hotel/restaurant services.......................................................................
Training.....................................................................................................
Construction.............................................................................................
Others (please specify….).......................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S6d. Do you engage in a contractual agreement with the government for this MAIN
business?
Yes..........................................................................................
No...........................................................................................
1
2
S6e. How much is the value of your last of your MAIN business with the
government ...... [ASK FOR EACH INSTITUTION CIRCLED]
Less than Rp. 50.000.000,-
Rp. 50.000.000,- Rp. 500.000.000,-
Rp. 500.000.000,- Rp. 1.000.000.000,-
Above Rp. 1.000.000.000,-
S6f.
1
2
3
4
Where did you get the information about the project?
Newspaper...............................................................................................
1
29
Public institutions web site....................................................................
Bulletin board in public institutions.....................................................
Special invitation.....................................................................................
Through a friend......................................................................................
Through local parliament member.......................................................
Others (please specify…)
2
3
4
5
6
S6g. Did your company get the contract through a bidding process?
Yes..............................1
No...............................2
Has
business
[S6b]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
S6d S6c
[MULTIPLE]
Yes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NO
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
S6e
S6f
S6g
Yes No
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
THE FOLLOWING SCREENING IS FOR THE RESPONDENT
S7. First of all, we are looking for a person with a certain position. Could you tell me your current position? MARK AS MENTIONED
Owner/partner..................................................................1
Managing Director/President Director..........................2
Director................................................................................3
General Manager................................................................4
Manager (specify)...............................................................5
Others...................................................................................6 - TERMINATE
S8.
Is one of your responsibilities to make contact with the persons atau services from the following institutions? Any other?
CODE AND READ OUT ANSWERS FROM S5B
S9. To what extent is your responsibility in dealing with each of the institutions? Do you: [READ OUT AND SHOW CARD]
30
Make direct contact/interaction............................................................ 1
Supervise departments in the company that interact with them..... 2
Both............................................................................................................ 3
None ......................................................................................................... 4
INSTITUTION/DEPARTMENT
Layanan Perpajakan nasional (PPH
badan, PPN, PPNBM )
Layanan Pajak/retribusi daerah
(PBB, Pajak kendaraan, Pajak Iklan)
Polisi
DLLAJR
Bea Cukai
Pelindo (Pelabuhan)
Angkasa Pura (Bandara) misal
untuk Cargo
Pengadilan
BPOM
Pemda/Pemkot
Depkes
S5b/
S8
1
2
Direct
S9
Supervise
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
3
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
11
12
13
14
15
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
Both
None
IF MORE THAN HALF ARE CODED 4 FROM THE SELECTED INSTITUTIONS,
TERMINATE.
ASK TO TALK TO THE SUITABLE PERSON, REPEAT FROM S7
31
Check quota for business sector
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fishery
Pertanian, Perkebunan, Peternakan, Kehutanan dan Perikanan
32
a. Farm Food Crops Tanaman Bahan Makanan
1
b. Non-food Crops Tanaman Perkebunan
c. Livestock and Products Peternakan dan hasil-hasilnya
d. Forestry Kehutanan
e. Fishery Perikanan
Mining and Quarrying Pertambangan dan Penggalian
a. Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Minyak dan Gas Bumi
b. Non-Oil and Gas Mining Tanpa Migas
c. Quarrying Penggalian
Manufacturing Industry Industri Pengolahan
a. Oil and Gas Manufacturing Minyak dan gas
Petroleum Refinery Pengilangan Minyak
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
b. Non Oil-Gas Manufacturing Industri tanpa Migas
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Makanan, Minuman dan Tembakau
Textile, Leather Products and Footwear Tekstil, Barang dari kulit,
dan Alas kaki
Wood Products and Other Wood Products Barang dari kayu dan
Barang dari kayu lainnya
Paper and Printing Kertas dn Percetakan
Fertilizers, Chemicals and Rubber Products Pupuk, Kimia dan
Produk dari Karet
Cements and Non Metalic Products Semen dan barang bukan
logam
Iron and Basic Steel Besi dan baja dasar
Transport Equipment, Machinery and Apparatus Peralatan
Transportasi, Mesin dan Perlengkapannya
Other Manufacturing Products Produk pengolahan lainnya
Electricity, Gas and Water Supply Listrik, Gas dan Air bersih
a. Electricity Listrik
b. Gas Gas
c. Water Supply Air
Construction Bangunan
Trade, Hotel and Restaurant Perdagangan, Hotel dan Restoran
a. Wholesale and Retail Trade Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran
Accomodation, Food and beverages
b. Hotel Hotel
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CHECK
QUOTA
FOR
BUSINESS
TYPE
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
c. Restaurant Restoran
Transportion, Storage and Communication Pengankutan, Pergudangan
dan Komunikasi
a. Transport Pengangkutan
Railway Transport Angkutan kereta api
Road Transport Angkutan darat
Sea Transport Angkutan laut
Inland Water Transport Transport air melalui sungai
Air Transport Angkutan udara
Services Allied to Transport Jasa berkaitan dengan angkutan/ pergudangan
b. Communication Komunikasi
Financial Intermediary Perantara Keuangan
a. Bank Bank
b. Non Bank Financial Institutions Institusi Lembaga Keuangan Bukan
Bank
c. Services Allied to Financial Jasa Penunjang Keuangan
Real Estate, Business Services Real Estate, Usaha Persewaan
d. Building Rental/Real Estate Sewa Bangunan
e. Business Services Jasa Perusahaan/Usaha Persewaan
Services Jasa
Educational services Jasa Pendidikan
Health services and social activities Jasa kesehatan dan kegiatan Sosial
Public Services, Social, and Personal Services Jasa kemasyarakatan,
SosBud, Hiburan dan lainnya
Individual Service which serve Households Jasa Perorangan yang
melayani Rumah Tangga
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
CHECK
QUOTA
FOR
BUSINESS
TYPE
36
37
38
41
42
43
44
CHECK:
EVER INTERVIEWED IN 2006
YES: The same company and Respondent
The same company
The same respondent
NO:
TYPE OF COMPANY:
Small (5-19 employees)
1
Medium (20-99 employees)
2
Large (100+ employees)
3
Multinational (MNC)
4
1
2
3
4
RELATIONSHIP WITH
GOVERNMENT
Has Business with State Sector
1
No business
2
33
MAIN QUETIONER
Knowledge about Corruption Law
Q1. Are you aware of the Indonesia Anti-Graft law?
Yes......................................................................................................
No.......................................................................................................
Q4a
Q2.
1
2 To
Have you ever read the Indonesia Anti-Graft Law?
Yes...................................................................................................... 1
No....................................................................................................... 2 To
Q4a
Q3. [SHOW CARD] From the list below, which one do you think to be an act of
corruption according to the law? [M]
Misuse of power and authority by public officials that cause state
financial loss............................................................................. 1
Bribery to public officials...............................................................
2
State official fraud............................................................................ 3
Extortion............................................................................................ 4
Gross misconduct in public project............................................... 5
Conflict of interest in public project.............................................. 6
Gratification...................................................................................... 7
Q4a.
No
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
34
[SHOW CARD] From the following list, please select the five most problematic factors for doing business in Indonesia and rank them accordingly from 1 (most problematic) to 5 (least problematic) [rank 1=most problematic; 5=least problematic]
Ranking
Access to financing
Restrictive labour regulations
Government instability/coups
Foreign currency regulations
Crime and Theft
Inadequate supply of infrastructure
Corruption
Inefficient government bureaucracy
Tax Regulations
Inadequately educated workforce
National tax rates (PPN, PPH, Pajak Badan,
PPNBM)
l.
Local tax rates (retribution, PBB, Vehicle tax, Ad
tax)
m. Poor work ethic in national labour force
n. Inflation
o. Policy instability
Q4b. Why did you rank in this order?
.……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………
35
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX
Perception on BRIBERY
[SHOW CARD RATING] For the following questions, please rate using 10-point
scale, where 0 means “common” whilst 10 means “Not common/Never occur”. You
can choose any number as you think suitable to your evaluation.
Q5. In this city, in your estimation, how common would you estimate, that firms
pay unofficial payment or bribes to local officials connected with the following:
A. Business permits
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
B – Procedure connected to public utilities (e.g. telephone, electricity)
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
C - Annual Tax Payment
Common
0
D – Awarding of Public contracts
Common
0
1
2
E – Getting favourable judicial decisions
Common
0
1
2
3
4
F – Influencing of laws, policies, regulations or decrees to favour selected business
interests
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
G – To speed things up on the bureaucratic process
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
Q6a.[SHOW CARD] If a bribe is paid, who is most likely to initiate the transaction? [S]
The public official ask for the bribe........................................................................ 1
Firm is offering the bribe......................................................................................... 2
Both public official and firm know what to do already, no need to initiative.. 3
Others [WRITE DOWN IF ANY]........................................................
36
Q6b. Why did you say that?......................................................................................
Perception on Government Fraud
Q7.
How common do you think the local government officials tend to misuse the funds and facilities left in their charge?
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
Perception on Conflict of Interest
Q8. In your city, how common do you think that public contract is awarded based on personal relation or political affiliation?
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
[SHOW CARD RATING] For the following questions, please rate using 10-point scale,
where 0 means “Not serious at all” whilst 10 means “Very serious”. You can choose any
number as you think suitable to your evaluation.
Perception on Local Government Effort to Fight Corruption
Q9. In your city, how serious do you think the local government is in its effort to curb corruption?
Not serious at all
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
Very serious
Q10. In this city, how serious do you think the law enforcement agencies in its effort to persecute corruption practices?
Not serious at all
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
Very serious
BRIBERY INDEX
Q11. In the following questions there are some questions about your interaction with government institutions. Please give your opinion for every institution you have interaction with in the last 12 months.
Q11a. [RECORD FROM S5b] Contact in the last 12 months
ASK Q11b-Q11e FOR EVERY INSTITUTION ANSWERED CODE 1 AT Q11a
Q11b. On average, how many times do you have interaction (direct contact with the public official) in the past 12 months? [TULISKAN ANGKA SEBENARNYA]
Q11c. In all these interactions, did a public or elected official ask for a bribe, a personal payment or gift or ticket or holiday package for the public service?
ASK Q11d-Q11e FOR EVERY INSTITUTION ANSWERED CODE 1 AT Q11c
Q11d. How frequently were such requests made of you or your company in the past 12 months?
37
Q11e. Approximately how much had to be paid by your consultant/broker/third party to the officials in each transaction?
SHOW VALUE RANGES ON CARDS. MARK IN GRID FOR EACH SECTOR.
Less than Rp. 500.000 (specify)....................................... 1
Rp.500.000 – Rp. 1.000.000............................................... 2
Rp. 1.000.000 – Rp. 2.000.000........................................... 3
Rp. 2.000.000 – Rp. 5.000.000........................................... 4
Rp. 5.000.000 – Rp. 10.000.000......................................... 5
Rp. 10.000.000 – Rp. 20.000.000....................................... 6
Rp. 20.000.000 – Rp. 50.000.000....................................... 7
Rp. 50.000.000 – Rp. 100.000.000..................................... 8
Above Rp. 100.000.000 (specify)..................................... 9
Q.11a
Q.11b
Contact Interactiion
in last 12
Number
months
Q.11c
Whether
asked to
pay?
Yes
No
1
1
2
Layanan Perpajakan nasional (PPHbadan, PPN, PPNBM )
2
1
2
(PBB, Pajak kendaraan, Pajak Iklan)
3
1
2
4
1
2
5
1
2
Polisi
6
1
2
DLLAJR
7
1
2
Bea Cukai
8
1
2
Pelindo (Pelabuhan)
9
1
2
10
1
2
Pengadilan
11
1
2
BPOM
12
1
2
13
1
2
Pemda/Pemkot
14
1
2
Depkes
15
1
2
Q.11d
Number of
interaction
with bribe
P11e
Amount
of money
paid
Q12a. From the following public institutions below, in the last 12 months, have you:
ever had contact?
ASK Q12b-Q12e FOR EVERY INSTITUTION ANSWERED CODE 1 AT Q12a
Q12b. On average, how many times do you have interaction (direct contact with them) in the past 12 months? [TULISKAN ANGKA SEBENARNYA]
Q12c. In all these interactions, did a public or elected official ask for a bribe, a personal payment or gift or ticket or holiday package for the public service?
ASK Q12d-Q12e FOR EVERY INSTITUTION ANSWERED CODE 1 AT Q12c
38
Q12d. How frequently were such requests made of you or your company in the past 12 months?
Q12e. Approximately how much had to be paid by your consultant/broker/third party to the officials in each transaction?
Q.12a
Contact
in last 12
months
Q.12b
Interactiion
Number
Q.12c
Whether
asked to
pay?
Yes
No
Yes
No
DPR/DPRD
1
2
1
2
Political Party
1
2
1
2
Militer/ABRI
1
2
1
2
Kejaksaan
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Q.12d
Number of
interaction
with bribe
P12e
Amount of
money paid
Other Public Institutions:
ASK ALL
[SHOW CARD]
Q13. How much percentage of your annual expenditure went to bureaucratic fund (permits, license, etc)?
Q14. How much percentage of your annual expenditure went to bribes public officials?
Q.13 Q.14
0%.....................................................................................................1
1
Less than 1%...................................................................................2
2
Between 1% and 3%.......................................................................3
3
Between 4% and 5%.......................................................................4
4
Between 6% and 10%.....................................................................5
5
Between 11% and 16%...................................................................6
6
More than 16%................................................................................7
7
Service Performance Index
ASK ALL INSTITUTION, EVEN THOUGH THE RESPONDENT DOES NOT HAVE
ANY CONTACT. ASK FOR HIS/HER PERCEPTION
Q15.
In the past 12 months, how do you rate the performance of the institution that you have had contact with. Use the 10-point scale [SHOW CARD RATING SCALE] where 10 means very high quality and 0 means very low quality. You could rate anywhere between 0 to 10 in your opinion
vvabout the following aspects:
Q15a. Timely service as in the regulation. What is your rating for this aspect?
39
Q15b. Cost of service transparency. What is your rating for this aspect?
Q15c. Service delivered as expected. What is your rating for this aspect?
0 to 10 rating to rate the service quality delivered
by the respected institution: (0= very low quality,
10=very high quality)
Timely service
according to the
regulation (Q15a)
Cost of service
transparency
(Q15b)
Service delivered
as expected (Q15c)
Layanan Perpajakan nasional
(PPH badan, PPN, PPNBM )
(PBB, Pajak kendaraan, Pajak
Iklan)
Polisi
DLLAJR
Bea Cukai
Pelindo (Pelabuhan)
Pengadilan
BPOM
Pemda/Pemkot
Depkes
ASK ALL
Bribe’s Payer Index
Q16. Does your company has a commercial relationship with companies from these sectors in the past 12 months? [ASK FOR EACH SECTOR]
Q17 DITANYAKAN KE SEMUA RESPONDEN UNTUK SEMUA SEKTOR, WALAUPUN NO BERHUBUNGAN. MINTALAH PERSEPSINYA
Q17. Menurut anda, seberapa mungkinkah perusahaan-perusahaan dari sektor ini ............................
[BACAKAN SEKTORNYA SATU DEMI SATU] membayar suap kepada pejabat publik? Pakailah penilaian dengan skala 10 ini [SHOW CARD SKALA] dimana...
40
0 berarti sangat No mungkin, sedangkan 10 berarti sangat mungkin. Anda boleh menilai berapa saja di antara 0 – 10, dimana itu akan menunjukkan seberapa Measuring Corruption in Indonesia : Indonesia Corruption Perception Index 2008 And Bribery Index
mungkin hal itu terjadi.
Anda boleh memberi nilai berapa saja dari 0 sampai 10 ini sesuai dengan pendapat anda.
Q16.
Q17. Seberapa mungkinkah perusahaan dari sektor
Memiliki ini membayar suap kepada pejabat publik? (0=sangat
hubungan mungkin, 10=sangat No mungkin)
Bisnis
YES NO
Sectors
Agriculture
Mining and quarrying
Industry
Electricity, gas and
water supply
Construction
Trade, hotel and
restaurant
Transport and
communication
Financial Institutions
Services
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
Q18. (SHOW CARD) In your city, how common a firm like yours pay bribe to public officials to do business?
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
Q19a. [SHOW CARD] If you were given magic wand that has a power to stop corruption dead on right away for one government institutions, which one will you choose to use it?[S]
Tax Office.......................................................................... 1
Police force........................................................................ 2
Immigration Office........................................................... 3
Land Regulatory Bodies (BPN)...................................... 4
Local legislative............................................................... 5
District Attorney.............................................................. 6
Court of Justice................................................................. 7
Public Service Office /One-stop Service...................... 8
Department of religion office......................................... 9
Department of education office..................................... 10
Q19b. Why did you choose that institution?
....................................................................................................................................................
41
...............
....................................................................................................................................................
...............
....................................................................................................................................................
...............
Q20. In your opinion, how can we participate in eliminating the corruption practises? PROBE. WRIET VERBATIM
_________________________________________________________
_______________________
BEFORE ENDING THIS INTERVIEW, MAY WE ASK SOME CLASSIFICATION
QUESTIONS:
DEMOGRAPHIC:
D1.
RECORD GENDER:
Male.............................................................................................
Female.........................................................................................
1
2
D2. How old are you at your last birthday? RECORD ACTUAL AGE
_________________ Years
15-19 years.....................................................................................................
20-29 years.....................................................................................................
30-39 years.....................................................................................................
40-49 years.....................................................................................................
50+ years........................................................................................................
D3.
What is your highest education?
1
2
3
4
5
No formal education................................................................. 1
Finished SD................................................................................ 2
SLP Not finished........................................................................ 3
Finished SLP............................................................................... 4
SMU Not finished...................................................................... 5
Finished SMU............................................................................. 6
Academy/D3.............................................................................
7
University/S1............................................................................
8
Graduate/S2..............................................................................
9
Post Graduate/PhD.................................................................. 10
D4.
What is your marital status?
Not married..........................................................................
42
...............................................................................................1
Married.................................................................................
...............................................................................................2
Divorced...............................................................................
...............................................................................................3
D5. Etnic:
Indigenous
Chinese Descent
Other foreign
1
2
3
D6. Religion:
Islam
Christian (Protestant, Catholic)
Buddha
Hindu
Others (Specify ……….)
1
2
3
4
5
No. Coder :
No. Puncher :
DO NOT FORGET TO GIVE THE SELF COMPLETION FORM BEFORE
FINALIZING.
43
SELF COMPLETION
NAME OF RESPONDENT: _________________________
CITY: _____________________________________
SC1.
[PRIVATE]
How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
PLEASE RATE WITH THIS SCALE:
4
means ’AGREE VERY MUCH’
3
means’AGREE’
2
means ’DISAGREE A LITTLE’
1
means’DISAGREE VERY MUCH’
CIRCLE ONE APPROPRIATE RATE
44
Corruption is forbidden by the
religion
There are verses in the Holy Book
forbidding Corruption
Acts of Corruption is very damaging
to the morality
Corruption kills the future of the
nation
Bribery also means doing Corruption
Not reporting acts of Corruption
means participating in Corruption
Corruption will definitely be reduced
in this area
Anti Corruption movement will only
be successful if the society participate
Nothing can be done to eradicate
Corruption in Indonesia
Media has the biggest role in exposing
Corruption cases
Corruption is the cause of poverty
Corruption makes business smooth
Corruption makes the wheels of
development moves, so that the
economy grows
In Indonesia, Corruption is a culture
that is difficult to eradicate
Anti Corruption movement is the
agenda of the foreign countries to
weaken Indonesia
Petty Corruption is acceptable
because of the low wages of the
government officials
Corruption causes high-cost economy
Corruption is ordinary, No
Corruption is extraordinary
Agree Very
much
4
Agree
Disagree
3
Disagree a
little
2
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
45
Questionnaire for Civil Society Figures
M80715
- CPI 2008-
No. Kues:_______________
No. Intvr:_______________
PT. Karya Utama Integritas
Jl. Cilosari 35
Jakarta 10330
CS/OPINION LEADER-FIELD
Name of respondent:
Position:
Address of Office/Home :
Date of interview :
Length of interview : ………minutes
Start Intrv: ………….Finished................
Name of TL :
Zip Code:
Office Phone#:
Home Phone#:
Mobile Phone:
E-mail address:
Fax:
I declare that I have followed the
respondent recruitment procedure with
full responsibility, and I have conducted
the interview in accordance to the given
instructions. If mistakes or fraudulent actions
has been proven in the recruitment of the
respondent and in conducting the interview,
which results in the unusefulness of the data,
I am prepared to bear the sanction of the
company as the consequence of my action /
negligence.
Quality Control
Interviewer
Witness
TL Check
SPV. Check
Recall/Verify
46
Name
Date
Name of SPV :
Has received Gift: _______________
Has been Interview: _____________
Interviewer signature: _____________
Checked by :
TL
: _________________________
SPV :_________________________
Checker :_________________________
Sign
Comments
CITIES:
Banda Aceh
01
Lhokseumawe
02
Medan
Padang
Sidempuan
Pematang
Siantar
Sibolga
Pakan Baru
Batam
Tanjung Pinang
Padang
Jambi
Palembang
Bengkulu
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
Pangkal
Pinang
Bandar
Lampung
Jakarta
Bandung
14 Malang
27
Manado
40
15 Kediri
28
Palu
41
16 Jember
17 Pontianak
29
30
Gorontalo
Makassar
42
43
Serang/
Cilegon
Tasikmalaya
Cirebon
Semarang
Surakarta
Yogyakarta
Tegal
Purwokerto
Surabaya
18 Palangkaraya
31
Mamuju
44
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
39
Kendari
Ambon
Ternate
Jayapura
Manokwari
Sorong
45
46
47
48
49
50
Balikpapan
Sampit
Banjarmasin
Samarinda
Tenggarong
Denpasar
Mataram
Kupang
CALL RESPONDENT TO MAKE APPOINTMENT
INTRODUCTION: Good morning / afternoon / evening, I am from PT. Karya Utama
Integritas/3i-s Research, an independent marketing research company, which conducts
all kinds of research. First of all, may I talk to Mr / Mrs …………….…….. ?
If asked to explain reason for interview, say : Our company has been appointed by
Transparency International Indonesia (TI-Indonesia), a coalition of global organization
on anti graft. The focus of one of their activities is conducting periodical surveys on
corruption, and specifically in Indonesia this survey will measure and develop the
Indonesia Corruption Perception Index 2008: In-depth Analysis and Corruption Perception
Survey in key cities within Indonesia.
In Indonesia Transparency International Indonesia conducts the survey to gain better
understanding of the main problems that the community are facing. The result of the
survey will be useful to the community in finding the right solution. All responses
would be compiled in the form of numbers that will be published in such a way that it
is impossible to trace these answers to a certain individual.
UPON MEETING THE RIGHT PERSON, START AGAIN WITH THE
INTRODUCTION :
Good morning / afternoon / evening. My name is …………… I work for PT. Karya
Utama Integritas / 3i-s Research, a private local independent marketing research
company that conducts all types of research. Today we are conducting research for
Transparency International Indonesia.
47
Repeat explanation to respondent as in INTRODUCTION if necessary.
FIRST OF ALL WE WOULD LIKE TO ASK YOU A FEW QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR
BACKGROUND.
S1a. At the moment what are your social / professional activities ? [M]
S1b. What is your MAIN social / professional activity now? [S]
S1a S1b
Religious Leader
1
1)
Academic
2
2 ) CHECK QUOTA
Community Leader
3
3)
Ketua kelompok (sebutkan)
4
4)
Lainnya 5
5 – STOP INTERVIEW
S2a. Are you ?
An activist of a Political Party.............................................. 1 ASK S2b
An activist of an NGO............................................................ 2 ASK S2b
Reporter.................................................................................... 3 STOP INTERVIEW
None of the above................................................................... 4 CONTINUE INTERVIEW
S2b. [SHOW CARD] In terms of your involvement in your Political Party / NGO as an activist, which of the following statements best describe your activities ?
Almost 100% of my time is spent on activities
for Political Party/NGO.................................................................
I give more than 50% of my time to Political Party
/NGO activities................................................................................
My involvement is only about 20% of my time...........................
Only my name is registered as member.......................................
1 STOP
2 STOP
3 ASK S3
4 ASK S3
S3. [SHOW CARD] . From the statements below, which best describes your social
activities in the past 1 year ? [MULTIPLE]
Have written article for print media............................................
Has been a speaker at a Seminar..................................................
Has been interviewed by mass media.........................................
Has given training to community group....................................
Has written a scientific article which has been published.......
NONE OF THE ABOVE................................................................
S4a.
S4b.
S4c. 48
1
2
3
4
5
6 – STOP INTERVIEW
What is the name of the institution where you are actively involved in community activities?
What is your position in this institution?
And what type of activity is your main responsibility in this institution?
MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1.
Are you aware of the Indonesia Anti-Graft law?
Yes.............................................................................................
No..............................................................................................
1
2 To Q4a
Q2.
Yes.............................................................................................
No..............................................................................................
1
2 To Q4a
Q3.
[SHOW CARD] From the list below, which one do you think to be an act of corruption according to the law? [M]
Q4a.
financial loss....................................................................................
1
Bribery to public officials..............................................................
2
State official fraud..........................................................................
3
Extortion..........................................................................................
4
Gross misconduct in public project.............................................
5
Conflict of interest in public project............................................
6
Gratification....................................................................................
7
No
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
Ranking
Access to financing
Crime and Theft
Corruption
Tax Regulations
National tax rates (PPN, PPH, Pajak Badan, PPNBM)
Local tax rates (retribution, PBB, Vehicle tax, Ad tax)
Poor work ethic in national labour force
Inflation
Policy instability
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
49
where 0 means “common” whilst 10 means “Not common/Never occur”. You can choose any
Q5.
In this city, how common would you estimate that firms pay unofficial payment or bribes to local officials?
Common
Q6.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
In this city, how common would you estimate that firms pay unofficial payment or bribes to get favorable judicial decisions.
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
Q7. In this city, how common would you estimate that firms pay unofficial payment or bribes to influence laws, policies, regulations or decrees to favour selected business interests
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
Q8. In this city, how common would you estimate that firms pay unofficial payment
or bribes to speed things up on the bureaucratic process
Common Never occur
Q9a. [SHOW CARD] If a bribe is paid, who is most likely to initiate the transaction? [S].
The public official ask for the bribe....................................................
Firm is offering the bribe......................................................................
Both public official and firm know what to do already,
no need to initiative...............................................................................
1
2
3
Others [WRITE DOWN IF ANY]
Q9b. Why did you say that?
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….
50
PERCEPTION ON GOVERNMENT FRAUD
Q10. How common do you think the local government officials tends to misuse the funds and facilities left in their charge?
0 1
Common 2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9 10
Never occur
PERCEPTION ON CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Q11. [SHOW CARD] In your city, how common do you think that public contract is awarded based on personal relation or political affiliation?
0 1
Common 2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9 10
Never occur
PERCEPTION ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT EFFORT TO FIGHT CORRUPTION
Q12a. [SHOW CARD] In your city, how serious do you think the local government is in its effort to curb corruption?
Not serious at all 0 1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9 10
Very serious
Q12b. Why did you say so?
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….
Q13a. [SHOW CARD] In your city, how serious do you think the law enforcement agencies is in its effort to persecute corrupt practices?
0 1
Not serious at all 2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9 10
Very serious
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
Q14a. [SHOW CARD] If you were given magic wand that has a power to stop
corruption dead on right away for one government institutions, which one will you
choose to use it?[S]
Tax Office.................................................................................................................. 1
Police force................................................................................................................ 2
Immigration Office.................................................................................................. 3
Land Regulatory Bodies (BPN).............................................................................. 4
Local legislative........................................................................................................ 5
District Attorney...................................................................................................... 6
Court of Justice......................................................................................................... 7
Public Service Office /One-stop Service.............................................................. 8
Department of religion office................................................................................. 9
51
Department of education office.............................................................................
10
...............................................................................................................................................
....................
...............................................................................................................................................
....................
Q15. In your opinion, how can we participate in eliminating the corruption practises? PROBE WRITE VERBATIM
_________________________________________________________
QUESTIONS:
DEMOGRAPHIC:
D1. RECORD GENDER:
Male..................................................................................................
1
Female..............................................................................................
2
D2.
How old are you at your last birthday? RECORD ACTUAL AGE
______________ Years
15-19 years..........................................................................................
20-29 years..........................................................................................
30-39 years..........................................................................................
40-49 years..........................................................................................
50+ years.............................................................................................
D3.
1
2
3
4
5
No formal education................................................................. 1
Finished SD................................................................................ 2
SLP Not finished........................................................................ 3
Finished SLP............................................................................... 4
SMU Not finished...................................................................... 5
Finished SMU............................................................................. 6
Academy/D3.............................................................................
7
University/S1............................................................................
8
Graduate/S2..............................................................................
9
Post Graduate/PhD.................................................................. 10
D4.
Not married..........................................................................
...............................................................................................1
Married.................................................................................
52
...............................................................................................2
Divorced...............................................................................
...............................................................................................3
D5. Etnic:
Indigenous
Chinese Descent
Other foreign
1
2
3
D6. Religion:
Islam
Buddha
Hindu
1
2
3
4
5
No. Coder :
No. Puncher :
FINALIZING.
SELF COMPLETION
CITY: _____________________________________
SC1.
[PRIVATE]
4
3
means’AGREE’
2
1
53
religion
to the morality
nation
in this area
Corruption cases
economy grows
weaken Indonesia
54
Agree Very
much
4
Agree
Disagree
3
Disagree a
little
2
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
Questionnaire for Public Officials
M80715
- CPI 2008-
No. Kues:_______________
No. Intvr:_______________
PT. Karya Utama Integritas
Jl. Cilosari 35
Jakarta 10330
CS/OPINION LEADER-FIELD
Name of respondent:
Position:
Address of Office/Home :
Date of interview :
Length of interview : ………minutes
Start Intrv: ………….Finished................
Name of TL :
Zip Code:
Office Phone#:
Home Phone#:
Mobile Phone:
E-mail address:
Fax:
I declare that I have followed the
respondent recruitment procedure with
full responsibility, and I have conducted
the interview in accordance to the given
instructions. If mistakes or fraudulent actions
has been proven in the recruitment of the
respondent and in conducting the interview,
which results in the unusefulness of the data,
I am prepared to bear the sanction of the
company as the consequence of my action /
negligence.
Quality Control
Interviewer
Witness
TL Check
SPV. Check
Recall/Verify
Name
Name of SPV :
Has received Gift: _______________
Has been Interview: _____________
Interviewer signature: _____________
Checked by :
TL
: _________________________
SPV :_________________________
Checker :_________________________
Date
Sign
Comments
CITIES :
Banda Aceh
01
Lhokseumawe
02
Pangkal
Pinang
Bandar
Lampung
14 Malang
27
Manado
40
15 Kediri
28
Palu
41
55
Medan
Padang
Sidempuan
Pematang
Siantar
Sibolga
Pakan Baru
Batam
Tanjung Pinang
Padang
Jambi
Palembang
Bengkulu
03
04
Jakarta
Bandung
16 Jember
17 Pontianak
29
30
Gorontalo
Makassar
42
43
05
Serang/
Cilegon
Tasikmalaya
Cirebon
Semarang
Surakarta
Yogyakarta
Tegal
Purwokerto
Surabaya
18 Palangkaraya
31
Mamuju
44
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
39
Kendari
Ambon
Ternate
Jayapura
Manokwari
Sorong
45
46
47
48
49
50
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
Balikpapan
Sampit
Banjarmasin
Samarinda
Tenggarong
Denpasar
Mataram
Kupang
TELEPHONE CALL TO MAKE APPOINTMENT
INTRODUCTION:
Good morning/afternoon/evening, we are from PT. Karya Utama Integritas/3i-s
research, an independent market research company. Currently we are asking your
opinion about Good Governance. We believe, that you agree that Good Governance
will enable the Public Official to serve the public well. Since Good Governance has
become the commitment of the local government, we are asked by Transparency
International Indonesia to do a survey on the implementation of Good Governance in
this institution. We ask you to give honest response. Please do not worry to mention
your name, since your name will not be shown in the final result. All responses will be
processed together and published as collective findings in the region.
If asked to explain : Our company was commissioned by Transparency International
Indonesia, a non profit organization aiming at building up public awareness on
transparency and accountability in public and private sector in. Transparency
International Indonesia conducts this survey to gain better understanding about the
main problems faced by the public so that they could provide better solution. All
responses will be translated into numbers and processed so that it would be impossible
to trace the responses to individuals.
FIRST OF ALL, WE WOULD LIKE TO ASK SOME BACKGROUND QUESTIONS
S1. What is the name of the institution you work for?
Badan Pertanahan Negara.............................................................................. 1
Layanan Perpajakan nasional/Negara (PPH badan, PPN, PPNBM )..... 2
Layanan Pajak/retribusi daerah (PBB, Pajak kendaraan, Pajak Iklan)..... 3
Imigrasi (KIMS, KITAS).................................................................................. 4
Departemen Hukum (paten).......................................................................... 5
Polisi................................................................................................................... 6
DLLAJR............................................................................................................. 7
Bea Cukai.......................................................................................................... 8
Pelindo (Pelabuhan)......................................................................................... 9
56
Angkasa Pura (Bandara).................................................................................
Pengadilan........................................................................................................
BPOM................................................................................................................
MUI (Sertifikat Halal).....................................................................................
Pemda/Pemkot................................................................................................
Depkes...............................................................................................................
10
11
12
13
14
15
S1b. Is your division related to the public service in this institution?
Yes.........................................................................................
1
No..........................................................................................
2-TERMINATE
S2a. Bolehkah kami tahu bidang apa? BIDANG: _____________________________
S2b. Apakah Bapak memiliki jabatan struktural di sini ?
Yes..........................................................................................
No...........................................................................................
1 – ASK S2C
2 – TERMINATE
S2c. What is your position? POSITION:______________________
S2d. And, for this position, structurally, what is your Echelon?
ECHELON [CIRCLE]:
1
2
3
4
MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1.
Are you aware of the Indonesia Anti-Graft law?
Yes.............................................................................................
No..............................................................................................
1
2 To Q4a
Q2.
Yes.............................................................................................
No..............................................................................................
1
2 To Q4a
Q3.
[SHOW CARD] From the list below, which one do you think to be an act of corruption according to the law? [M]
Q4a.
financial loss....................................................................................
1
Bribery to public officials..............................................................
2
State official fraud..........................................................................
3
Extortion..........................................................................................
4
Gross misconduct in public project.............................................
5
Conflict of interest in public project............................................
6
Gratification....................................................................................
7
57
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
No
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
Ranking
Access to financing
Crime and Theft
Corruption
Tax Regulations
National tax rates (PPN, PPH, Pajak Badan, PPNBM)
Local tax rates (retribution, PBB, Vehicle tax, Ad tax)
Poor work ethic in national labour force
Inflation
Policy instability
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
where 0 means “common” whilst 10 means “Not common/Never occur”. You can choose any
Q5.
In this city, how common would you estimate that firms pay unofficial payment or bribes to local officials connected with the following?
A. Business Permits
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
B – Procedure connected to public utilities (e.g., telephone or electricity)
Common
58
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
C - Annual Tax Payment
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
D – Awarding of public contracts
Common
0
1
2
3
4
E – Getting favourable judicial decisions
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
F – Influencing of laws, policies, regulations or decrees to favour selected
business interests
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
G – To speed things up on the bureaucratic process
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Never occur
Q6a. [SHOW CARD] If a bribe is paid, who is most likely to initiate the transaction? [S]
The public official ask for the bribe............................................
Firm is offering the bribe..............................................................
Both public official and firm know what to do already,
no need to initiative......................................................................
1
2
3
Others [WRITE DOWN IF ANY]
Q6b. Why did you say that?
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
Q7.
[SHOW CARD] Have you ever been offered money by business persons to speed up the bureaucratic process you handle? [S]
I am always offered money to speed the bureaucratic process...............
I am often offered money to speed the bureaucratic process..................
I am sometimes offered money to speed the bureaucratic process........
I am never offered money to speed the bureaucratic process.................
Q8.
1
2
3
4
[SHOW CARD] Which statement is often faced by you? [S]
59
I definitely will receive the “gratification money” from
the business person..................................................................................
I probably will receive the “gratification money” from
I probably will not receive the “gratification money” from
I definitely will not receive the “gratification money” from
Q9.
1
2
3
4
Why did you say so? PROBE SPESIFIK
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
Q10. Do you report the person offering the bribe to the authority?
Yes.................................................................................. 1 – GO TO Q12
No................................................................................... 2 – ASK Q11
Q11. Why didn’t you report it? PROBE SPECIFICALLY
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
Perception on Conflict of Interest
Q12. [SHOW CARD] In your city, how common do you think that public contract is awarded based on personal relation or political affiliation?
Common
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 9 10 Never occur
7
Perception on Local Government Effort to Fight Corruption
Q13a. [SHOW CARD] With a 10-point scale where 0 means “do not support at all” and 10 means “fully support”. You may choose any rate as your opinion.
In your city, how much do you think the private sector support the local government effort to curb corruption?
Do not support at all
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
Fully suppor
.……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………
Service Performance
Q14. Does your institution deal with general public?
Yes......................................................................................................
No.......................................................................................................
60
1
2 – GO TO
Q15. (SHOW CARD) With the 10-point scale, how do you rate the service quality
given by your institution to the public? [Here quality is understood as timely service
according to regulation, transparency of the cost of service, and the delivery of
service]
Very low quality 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10 Very high quality
Q16a. [SHOW CARD] If you were given magic wand that has a power to stop
corruption dead on right away for one government institutions, which one will you
choose to use it?[S]
Tax Office............................................................................ 1
Police force.......................................................................... 2
Immigration Office............................................................. 3
Land Regulatory Bodies (BPN)........................................ 4
Local legislative................................................................... 5
District Attorney................................................................. 6
Court of Justice...................................................................
7
Public Service Office /One-stop Service......................... 8
Department of religion office............................................ 9
Department of education office........................................ 10
...............................................................................................................................................
....................
...............................................................................................................................................
....................
QUESTIONS:
DEMOGRAPHIC:
D1.
RECORD GENDER:
Male...............................................................................................
Female...........................................................................................
D2.
1
2
How old are you at your last birthday? RECORD ACTUAL AGE
_________________ Years
15-19 years.......................................................................................
20-29 years.......................................................................................
30-39 years.......................................................................................
40-49 years.......................................................................................
50+ years..........................................................................................
1
2
3
4
5
61
D3.
No formal education.................................................................
Finished SD................................................................................
SLP Not finished........................................................................
Finished SLP..............................................................................
SMU Not finished.....................................................................
Finished SMU............................................................................
Academy/D3.............................................................................
University/S1............................................................................
Graduate/S2..............................................................................
Post Graduate/PhD..................................................................
D4.
Not married.........................................................................................
..............................................................................................................1
Married .................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................2
Divorced..............................................................................................
...............................................................................................................3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D5. Etnic:
Indigenous
Chinese Descent
Other foreign
1
2
3
D6. Religion:
Islam
Buddha
Hindu
1
2
3
4
5
No. Coder :
No. Puncher :
62
FINALIZING.
SELF COMPLETION
CITY: _____________________________________
SC1.
[PRIVATE]
4
3
means’AGREE’
2
1
religion
to the morality
nation
in this area
Corruption cases
economy grows
Agree Very
much
4
Agree
Disagree
3
Disagree a
little
2
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
1
63
64
weaken Indonesia
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1

Measuring Corruption in Indonesia : Indonesia Corruption

Transcription

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