Slides - TU Delft OpenCourseWare

Welcome to Delft
Prof. ir. J.C. van Dijk
1
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
Outline
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Some facts about the Netherlands
Drinking water in the Netherlands
Drinking water and Delft
Drinking water research themes
2
A small country…
3
but with great people !
4
Wooden shoes and dikes and tulips and
canals…
5
and a great football team…
•dia van Nederlands elftal
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The Dutch Seaborne Empire
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The first seawater desalination
•Discovery by Christiaan Nentwigh
1690
•Applied widely by the VOC between
1691 till 1707
•Statistics by Johann Hudde showed
succes (9% death rate instead of
13%)
•After the death of Hudde, the new
administraters discontinued
•The English reinvented the wheel in
1785
8
Dutch drinking water: principles
and practices
Prof. ir. Hans van Dijk
9
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
Drinking water in the
Netherlands
• Total volume:1.2 x 109 m3/jaar
• Sources
• Groundwater: 2/3
• Surface water: 1/3
• Treatment
• Groundwater: aeration and
sand filtration
• Surface water: very extensive
treatment
• Distribution
• no chlorine!
10
Principles and practices:1
1. Focus on public health…
2. Large publicly owned private companies…
3. With joined efforts for research and communication
11
Safe water for public health..
% not supplied
70
Amount per 100,000 residents
70
60
1919
1945
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
1900
1925
1950
0
1975
year
12
Principles and practices: 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
groundwater
surface water
Infiltration water
bank groundwater
Source protection
Safe groundwater when available…
Or artificial groundwater…
Or surface water with multiple barriers for microorganisms, pollutants and nutrients…
13
Source protection
14
Groundwater
15
Artificial recharge
16
Multiple barriers…
17
Modern technology…
18
Principles and practices: 3
1. High quality water without
chlorine…
2. And with a low hardness…
3. So the customers drink water
from the tap
19
Principles and practices: 4
1. No leakage…
2. Reliable systems…
3. Stimulate water saving…
20
The miracle from the tap
High quality water supply
• No waterborne diseases
• No chlorine
• No pesticides
• No hard water
• No corrosion and metals
• No leakage
• No need for home filters
• No need for bottled water
• No wasting of water
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Drinking water and Delft
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About TU Delft
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Founded in 1842
Eight faculties
14 BSc programmes
38 MSc programmes
13,000 students
Academic staff of 2,100 (including 200
professors)
85 PhD dissertations annually
4,000+ annual publications in scientific journals
23
Education system
Undergraduate study
years
BSc TU Delft
BSc foreign
3
Selected by admission committees
Post graduate
study
MSc
TopTech
Executive
Education
PD Eng
2
PhD
2
4
24
Disciplines
Total number of students: 13.563 (2005, excluding PhD students)
Aerospace Engineering 1681
Applied Earth Sciences
244
Applied Physics
569
Architecture, Urban Planning and Housing 2987
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
304
Materials Science
43
Civil Engineering 1460
Electrical Engineering
501
Geodetic Engineering
33
Industrial Design Engineering 1690
Life Science and Technology
228
Mechanical Engineering 1445
Marine Technology
313
Systems Engineering and Policy Analyses
843
Technical Mathematics
200
Technical Informatics
968
Sustainable Moleculair Science & Techn.
54
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
25
International MSc’s at TU Delft
number of full time
enrolled MSc students
Enrolled MSc students 1997-2006 (international)
400
300
200
100
0
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
year
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Drinking water education
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All students do their Masters
2 courses in BSc
3 courses in MSc
• Course on theory and experiments
(36 hours of lectures, 5 days of
experiments
• Course on design (2 weeks)
• Course on distribution systems
• Research thesis at water company
•
Similar programme for wastewater and
sewerage systems
27
Erasmus Mundus International MSc
28
Research themes
Unwanted organic micropollutants
Biological stability/Legionella
Water quality in the distribution system
•
•
Modelling
New technologies and tools
2.20
gemeten
voorspeld
2.00
1.80
Filterweerstand [m]
•
•
•
Q21
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Tijd [uren]
Stimela
29
Micropollutants
What is the effectiveness of our
treatment barriers to deal with
unwanted polar organic micropollutants
and how can we improve on this?
Unwanted micropollutants in drinking water
(maximum concentration occasionally found in the Netherlands)
Individual
compounds
EDC
Concentration
Oestron
5 ng/l
Bisphenol A
< 10 µg/l
Phtalates
3 µg/l
Alkylphenolethoxylates 2 µg/l
Pharmaceuticals
Ibuprofen
20 ng/l
Sulfamethoxazole
40 ng/l
Carbamazapine
Iopamidol
Others
90 ng/l
70 ng/l
Clofibric acid
30 ng/l
Amidotrizoic acid
80 ng/l
NDMA
MTBE
2 ng/l
3 µg/l
30
Dirces (Dutch Innovation and Research Consortium
on Emerging Substances)
diglyme
MTBE
ibuprofen
prozac
NDMA
31
Hans van Dijk (hoogleraar drinkwater TU Delft)
Biological stability/Legionella
Is it possible to prevent the growth
of Legionella in water installations
by improving the biological
stability of the drinking water and
the piping materials?
Percentage of installations with Legionella
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Groundwater supply
Surface-water supply
90-percentile
Median
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage of supplies
32
Water quality in the distribution network
Suspended
solids
Biofilm
formation &
sloughing
Regular
deposition &
resuspention
al n
t
en tio
d
i en
c
In sp
su
e
r
Corrosion
Suspended
solids
Precipitation &
flocculation
Bed load
transport
© J.H.G. Vreeburg
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