Tour 2.

Tour
2:
Forestry
Energy
with
moose,
milk
and
murder
at
the
56th
IFAJ
congress
in
Sweden
ABAB
Bio‐harvester
255
attracting
attention
in
the
Swedish
forest.
Foto:
Torbjörn
Esping
Tour
leaders:
Ms
Frida
Jonson
+46736213414
[email protected]
Mr
Torbjörn
Esping
+46702900628
[email protected]
Main
sponsors:
Tour
2
Forest
Energy
Friday
17th
of
August
main
sponsor:
A
7:20
AM
board
bus
at
Sånga
Säby
7:30
bus
departs
B
8:45
arrival
Svenska
Skogsplantor
10:45
dep
Svenska
Skogsplantor
C
12:00
PM
arr
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
2:00
dep
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
X
3:00
arr
Skogforsk/Mellanskog
in
the
forest
5:00
dep
forest
A
6:00
PM
arr
Sånga
Säby
Saturday
18th
of
August
main
sponsor:
A
7:20
AM
board
bus
at
Sånga
Säby
7:30
bus
departs
E
9:15
arr
Almunge
Prästgård
11:00
dep
Almunge
Präsgård
F
11:15
passing
through
Knutby
G
12:00
PM
arr
Väddö
Gårdsmejeri
2:00
dep
Väddö
Gårdsmejeri
H
3:30
PM
arr
Stockholm
Svenska
Skogsplantor
Speakers:
Lena
Sammeli
Johansson,
managing
director
Tel:
+46
70
530
46
53
Martin
Larsson
Head
of
production,
Lugnets
plantskola
Tel.
+46
171‐468860
Svenska
Skogsplantor
is
owned
by
the
state
forest
company
Sveaskog.
Svenska
Skogsplantor
produces
approximately
125‐130
million
seedlings
every
year,
13‐15
million
in
Lugnet
nursery.
In
Swedish
forestry,
the
large
pine
weevil
hylobius
abietis
causes
damage
worth
several
100
million
SEK
every
year,
and
insecticides
are
commonly
used
to
protect
the
plants
in
the
southern
half
of
Sweden.
Svenska
Skogsplantor
has
invested
greatly
in
developing
insecticide
free
seedling
systems
to
meet
requirements
for
forest
environmental
certification.
There
is
no
wish
for
pesticides
in
forest
areas.
For
container‐rooted
seedlings,
Svenska
Skogsplantor
markets
Conniflex
protection
where
the
plant
is
covered
with
a
mix
of
sand
and
glue.
In
a
couple
of
years,
up
to
50
million
plants
will
be
treated
with
Conniflex.
Bare
root
plants
are
harder
to
protect
mechanically,
so
Svenska
Skogsplantor
has
invested
their
money
in
Multipro,
a
waxed
sleeve
of
degradable
paper,
which
is
placed
around
the
plant
to
stop
the
bugs
from
getting
to
the
stem.
In
Sweden,
with
its
focus
on
forest
production
with
clear‐cuts,
planting
is
the
recommended
method
for
regeneration.
72
percent
of
the
clearings
were
planted
in
2010.
In
2011,
384
million
seedlings
were
planted
in
the
soil.
The
main
species
are
Norway
spruce,
59
percent,
and
Scots
pine,
35
percent.
81
percent
was
rooted
planting
material.
Most
of
origin
of
seedlings
is
from
Swedish
plantations
or
Swedish
stand,
totalling
about
80
%.
Svenska
Skogsplantor
offers
seedlings
and
provides
a
full
regeneration
service
in
planting
and
scarification,
in
the
whole
of
Sweden,
to
private
landowners,
companies
and,
of
course,
its
owner,
the
state.
The
turnover
is
310
million
SEK
and
Svenska
Skogsplantor
has
115
employees.
The
state
forest
company
Sveaskog
owns
15
percent
of
the
productive
forest
land
in
Sweden,
and
has
a
turnover
of
6
billion
SEK.
CO2
capture
through
forest
fertilization
Increasing
growth
by
forest
fertilization
is
an
effective
way
of
reducing
greenhouse
gases
(CO2)
while
also
creating
opportunities
for
substituting
fossil
energy.
Most
people
today
agree
that
the
greenhouse
effect
threatens
the
environment
in
which
we
live.
By
developing
and
producing
renewable
resources
we
can
reduce
our
dependence
on
fossil
energy
and
thus
reduce
emissions
of
greenhouse
gases.
In
Sweden
there
are
a
lot
of
forests,
which
can
provide
a
source
of
raw
material.
Growth
in
the
forest
could
increase
substantially
by
means
of
nitrogen
fertilization.
The
forest
owner's
profitability
improves
as
CO2
capture
increases.
In
Sweden,
Yara
has
more
than
50
years'
experience
of
fertilizing
spruce
and
pine
forests.
Some
60,000
hectares
are
fertilized
annually.
Because
of
the
cold
climate
Scandinavian
coniferous
forests
are
suffering
from
a
shortage
of
plant‐accessible
nitrogen,
which
restricts
growth.
When
fertilizing
with
nitrogen,
the
amount
of
needles
increases.
Since
the
needles
are
used
by
the
trees
to
capture
sunlight,
the
increased
amount
of
needles
boosts
photosynthesis,
which
speeds
up
tree
growth
and
carbon
storage
(CO2).
Nitrogen
fertilization
with
150
kilos
of
nitrogen
per
hectare
results
in
the
capture
of
around
an
extra
10
tonnes
of
CO2
in
the
timber
(allowing
for
production,
transport
and
spreading
of
fertilizer).
If
branches,
tops
and
stumps
are
included,
net
capture
increases
further.
Fertilization
also
results
in
a
very
positive
energy
balance.
For
each
energy
unit
that
is
spent
in
the
form
of
nitrogen
fertilization,
15–25
energy
units
in
the
form
of
wood
are
produced.
The
choice
of
nitrogen
fertilizer
also
affects
emissions
of
greenhouse
gases.
The
forest
fertilizer
sold
by
Yara
in
Sweden
is
produced
with
catalytic
reduction
technology
and
is
covered
by
an
emissions
guarantee.
Yara
guarantees
that
production
of
1
kg
of
nitrogen
generates
emissions
of
less
than
3.6
kg
CO2
equivalents,
which
is
less
than
half
compared
to
production
without
catalytic
cleaning.
Profitability
Forest
fertilization
is
one
of
the
most
profitable
measures
in
Swedish
forestry.
An
investment
normally
yields
an
annual
return
of
10–20%
during
the
fertilizer
effect
period.
Maximum
profitability
is
achieved
if
fertilization
is
carried
out
around
10
years
before
final
felling.
To
produce
a
cubic
meter
of
timber
through
fertilization
costs
around
15–20
euro,
which
has
made
forest
fertilization
a
cheap
way
for
forest
companies
to
obtain
timber
for
their
own
processing
industry.
Fertilization
in
practice
Normally,
fertilizer
is
applied
at
a
rate
of
150
kg
of
nitrogen/hectare,
which
generates
a
total
increase
in
growth
of
15–20
cubic
meters
per
hectare
during
the
fertilizer
effect
period
(around
8–10
years).
Usually,
fertilizer
is
applied
1–3
times
during
the
lifetime
of
the
trees
(70–100
years).
Fertilizer
is
only
applied
in
coniferous
forests.
Needles,
unlike
leaves,
live
for
several
years,
which
means
fertilization
has
a
long‐term
effect.
To
achieve
the
maximum
effect
and
avoid
nitrogen
losses,
fertilization
is
only
carried
out
when
the
root
systems
of
the
trees
are
active
during
the
period
May
through
September.
Fertilizer
is
applied
via
a
helicopter
or
forwarder
(tractor).
In
both
cases
GPS
is
used
to
ensure
that
fertilizer
is
applied
where
it
will
be
useful
and
to
avoid
sensitive
environments.
IFAJ;
August
2012
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
Gårdsjö
Moose
Park
Speaker:
Leif
Lindh,
who
is
the
joint
owner
of
Gårdsjö
Älgpark,
together
with
Ilona
Carlengård.
Leif
Lindh
is
also
the
Head
of
the
Leisure
Department
at
Heby
Council.
He
is
one
of
the
few
people
that
swims
with
moose,
and
sleeps
in
the
fields
with
the
animals
in
order
to
tame
them
as
much
as
possible.
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
business:
The
visitors
take
a
specially
built
carriage
pulled
by
a
"Grålle”
tractor,
a
Ferguson
TE20,
into
the
three
fields
totalling
16
hectares
of
fenced
grassland
to
see
the
farm’s
moose.
The
farm
has
4
cows,
2
bulls,
and
some
calves.
The
guide
Leif
Lindh
speaks
for
45
minutes
about
the
moose
and
then
answers
some
questions.
The
moose
park
also
has
a
café
serving
moose
meat
sausages
and
a
souvenir
shop.
On
the
farm
you
can
also
meet
hens,
rabbits
and
horses
and
see
the
1,154
Santas
in
the
Santa
Claus
Museum.
In
2011,
15,000
visitors
came
to
the
park,
and
the
turnover
was
2.5
million
SEK.
The
park
is
open
to
visitors
during
summertime
and
also
some
weekends
during
spring
and
autumn.
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
also
offers
moose
safaris
and
"julbord”,
which
is
a
traditional
Christmas
buffet
held
the
month
before
Christmas.
Last
year,
900
people
came
to
see
the
moose
and
indulge
in
the
julbord
food.
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
was
opened
in
2007.
Before
that
it
was
a
farm
with
grain
and
forest
production
and
has
been
in
Leif
Lindh’s
family
for
two
generations.
The
fields
are
now
grazing
land
and
a
part
of
the
moose
company.
The
143
hectares
of
forest
are
actively
managed
for
forest
production
independent
of
the
moose
company.
Sweden
has
many
of
the
famous
breed
of
moose,
the
King
of
the
Forest
(about
400,000
in
the
summertime)
which
are
up
to
two
meters
in
height
and
weigh
500
kilos.
Despite
the
size,
the
moose
is
pretty
hard
to
see
in
the
vast
Swedish
countryside.
For
the
benefit
of
tourists,
30
moose
parks
have
been
established
around
Sweden.
The
parks
are
not
subsidised
very
much.
Gårdsjö
Älgpark
has
invested
3
million
SEK,
and
only
received
a
100,000
SEK
subsidy
from
the
government.
More
info:
http://sverigesalgparker.se/?page=31
http://www.gardsjoalgpark.se/?page=43
Leif
Lindh
+46703266437
Wood fuel
The research foundation Skogforsk shows, in co-operation with the forest
owner organization Mellanskog, collections of forest residues for heating
purposes.
Speakers:
Lars Eliasson, Associate Professor, Researcher at Skogforsk, the
Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, +46 8188525,
[email protected]
GROT
Grot is short for "grenar och toppar”, branches and tops that are usually
collected after a regeneration felling. The harvester puts the grot in piles.
Then a forwarder collects the grot and forwards it to the landing where it
is stacked and covered with paper and left to dry. Finally, the grot is
chipped at the roadside and transported to a district heating central, CHP
plant or a pulp mill where it is used as a fuel.
Bio energy accounts for 128.7 TWh, 32 per cent, of Sweden’s total
energy usage. In 2010, 11.7 TWh, 10.1 million cubic metres of grot chips
were produced, up 11 percent since 2009. The value of the forest chip
market is 1.9 billion SEK, generating a net income of 400 million SEK for
the forest owners. The grot contribution to the net revenue of clear
cutting is approximately 1 percent, but it also makes scarification and
planting of the stand easier.
Skogforsk
Skogforsk is the Swedish Forestry Research Institute. Skogforsk’s goal is
to provide Swedish forestry with knowledge, services and products that
contribute to a profitable and sustainable forestry. The demand-driven
applied research includes a wide variety of fields, such as forest
technology, raw-material utilization, environmental impact and
conservation, forest tree breeding, logistics, forest bio energy and
silviculture.
The turnover was 152 million SEK in 2011. 20 % of the income comes
primarily from cutting fees, 0.60 SEK/m3 wood. Skogforsk has a
workforce of 100 employees, of which some 65 are researchers.
Mellanskog
Mellanskog is a co-operative with 32,000 members, made up of forest
owners who have joined together to get better-managed forests and
better prices when the wood is sold.
The organization fells and sells the forest to saw mills, pulp and paper
mills and the energy sector. Mellanskog also offers scarification, planting
and pre commercial thinning.
Mellanskog owns 49 precent of the biggest Swedish lumber company,
Setra, which produces 1.4 cubic metres of spruce and pine sawn
products.
Mellanskog facts from 2011:
* Wood deliveries – 5.2 million m3fub (cubic metres under bark)
* Members – 32,614
* Land area –1,701,000 hectares
* Pre commercial thinning area – 8,000 hectares
* Turnover in the Mellanskog group – 3,731 million SEK
* Result -17 million SEK
Almunge
Prästgård
Farm
name:
Almunge
Prästgård
Owner’s
name:
Jenny
&
Magnus
Alm,
31
and
30
years
old.
Family:
Laban
5
years,
Linus
3
years,
Liona
18
months.
Magnus
and
Jenny
work
full
time
on
the
farm.
Their
farm
is
located
70
kilometres
from
the
city
of
Stockholm
and
30
kilometres
from
Arlanda
airport.
Employees:
Two
employees
work
part
time
at
the
farm.
History:
Jenny
Alm
is
the
fifth
generation
owner
of
the
farm.
Their
family
history
at
the
farm
goes
back
to
1907.
Her
parents
bought
the
farm
from
the
pastorate
in
1994.
Jenny
Alm
and
her
husband
bought
the
farm
from
her
parents
in
2007
when
they
retired
and
moved
away.
Size:
180
hectares
and
50
hectares
pasture.
Type
of
production:
Milk,
110
dairy
cows
and
110
heifers,
most
of
them
of
the
traditional
Swedish
breed
SRB,
Swedish
red
and
white
cattle.
Almunge
Prästgård
grows
approximately
130
hectares
of
grassland,
around
30
hectares
of
barley/pea,
which
is
harvested
as
whole
crop
silage,
and
also
20
hectares
of
oats.
Turnover:
about
5
million
Swedish
crowns
(approximately
560,000
euro).
Approximate
producer
price:
about
4
SEK,
which
is
45
euro
cents.
Profit:
0
Favourite
cause:
The
climate
is
an
important
matter
for
the
Alm
family.
Also,
they
wish
they
could
lease
more
land.
Future
plans:
They
have
no
particular
plans
for
the
future,
apart
from
stepping
up
the
current
production
economically,
ergonomically
and
technically.
Sju
Gårdar:
is
a
cooperative
of
seven
farms
in
Uppland
province
producing
locally
farmed
organic
milk.
The
name,
Seven
Farms
in
English,
is
due
to
the
number
of
farms
and
from
the
fact
that
seven
is
a
lucky
number.
They
produce
5
million
kilograms
of
milk,
which
is
3
percent
of
the
organic
milk
produced
in
Sweden.
The
milk
is
processed
in
Gefleortens
mejeri
in
Gävle
(100
km
north
of
Uppsala)
into
fresh
milk
products
that
are
sold
in
Uppland.
The
cooperative
was
established
in
2008,
and
every
farm
has
the
same
vote.
The
aim
is
to
be
small‐scale
alternative
to
the
big
multi‐national
Arla.
Knutby
Murder
Around
04:40
in
the
morning,
the
10th
of
January
2004,
the
30‐year‐old
IT‐
entrepreneur
Daniel
Linde
was
shot
in
the
head
and
chest
and
seriously
wounded.
Two
hours
later,
it
was
discovered
that
his
employee
and
neighbour
Alexandra
Fossmo
had
also
been
shot.
She
was
found
dead
in
her
bed.
The
murdered
woman
was
married
to
Helge
Fossmo,
a
pastor
at
a
local
Pentecostal
church.
The
next
day,
26‐year‐old
Sara
Svensson
confessed
to
both
shootings.
She
had
worked
as
a
nanny
in
the
pastor's
family.
Two
weeks
later,
the
pastor
was
also
arrested,
together
with
Daniel
Linde's
wife.
Wiretapping
had
revealed
to
the
police
that
they
were
lovers.
They
were
both
suspected
of
instigating
the
murder
and
murder
attempt,
but
Linde's
wife
was
released
after
two
weeks
and
never
charged.
The
pastor's
first
wife,
Heléne
Fossmo,
had
been
found
dead
in
her
bath
tub
in
1999.
Although
she
had
a
hole
in
her
skull
and
there
was
a
toxic
concentration
of
dextropropoxyphene
in
her
blood,
this
death
had
been
ruled
an
accident.
This
death
was
also
investigated
again,
and
the
pastor
was
now
charged
with
murder.
At
the
trial,
Sara
Svensson
gave
a
detailed
confession.
She
told
the
court
that
she
had
been
influenced
by
anonymous
text
messages
that
were
forwarded
to
her
by
Helge
Fossmo.
Her
credibility
was
strengthened
by
the
text
of
erased
messages
that
could
be
recovered
from
her
mobile
phone.
The
pastor
Helge
Fossmo
was
sentenced
to
life
in
prison
for
instigated
murder
and
instigated
murder
attempt;
however,
he
was
not
convicted
for
killing
his
first
wife.
The
nanny,
Sara
Svensson,
was
sentenced
to
institutional
psychiatric
care,
and
was
set
free
by
the
court
in
2011.
The
murders
and
the
following
police
investigation
caused
a
lot
of
media
attention
both
in
Sweden
and
abroad.
Details
such
as
the
victims'
and
perpetrators'
involvement
in
the
same
sect‐like
church
community
(led
by
a
woman
named
Åsa
Waldau,
sister
of
the
murdered
woman),
as
well
as
the
pastor's
sexual
relationship
with
both
the
nanny
and
the
wounded
man's
wife,
were
extensively
covered
in
the
tabloid
newspapers.
Waldau
was
frequently
called
"Kristi
brud"
(The
Bride
of
Christ)
in
the
media,
following
news
that
she
had
performed
an
engagement
ritual
with
Jesus.
She
was
also
called
"Queen
Tirsa"
by
some
members
of
the
church
and
signed
her
SMS
messages
"T".
Väddö
Gårdsmejeri
Speaker:
Hans/Yvonne/Elin
Edlund
Telephone:
+46
176
501
03
[email protected]
www.vaddogardsmejeri.se
(in
Swedish)
Väddö
Gårdsmejeri
is
run
by
Hans
and
Yvonne
Edlund
and
their
family.
The
farm,
Karl
Ivar‐gården,
consists
of
150
hectares,
and
has
been
organic
for
three
generations.
In
2005,
they
decided
to
process
their
milk
on
the
farm.
Instead
of
selling
their
produce
to
Arla
Foods,
the
farm
has
transformed
itself
from
a
traditional
dairy
farm
to
a
place
that
attracts
a
lot
of
visitors.
The
milk
from
the
cows
goes
directly
to
the
dairy
and
is
hand
turned
into
cheese,
yogurt,
filmjölk
(sour
milk),
butter
and,
this
year,
ice
cream.
It
is
also
possible
to
buy
meat
from
the
farm.
The
products
are
sold
in
the
farm
shop,
and
also
to
stores
and
restaurants.
The
business
is
considered
to
be
stable.
On
the
farm,
Väddö
Gårdsmejeri
also
has
a
café,
where
we
will
sample
the
farm’s
special
cheese
pie.
In
the
garden,
children
can
play
with
rabbits,
mini
tractors
and
a
pig.
In
winter,
the
80
cows,
mostly
of
the
robust
Swedish
red‐and‐white
and
Swedish
mountain
cattle
race,
are
housed
in
a
free‐range
barn.
In
summer,
they
are
let
out
for
grazing,
which
is
a
memorable
moment
for
visitors.
In
summer,
people
can
also
go
on
daily
cow
safaris
in
a
specially
built
tractor‐
pulled
carriage.
Väddö
also
hire
out
a
cottage
by
the
sea.
All
in
all,
Väddö
Gårdsmejeri
is
a
good
example
of
the
multi‐tasking
farmers
of
today,
who
work
hard
to
make
their
businesses
prosper.
In
2010,
34
percent
of
all
Swedish
farmers
had
other
sources
of
income,
besides
from
the
core
farming.