Post Cervical Artificial Insemination

Post Cervical Artificial Insemination
M.E. Wilson
Reproductive Success has a lot of
pieces to the Puzzle
Factors Impacting Reproduction




Inflammation and disease
Energy and Protein intake in lactation
Proper timing of insemination
Gilt development and acclimatization
Road Map
• Define the placement of inseminations
• Sow Anatomy
• Differences in mating techniques
• Post Cervical AI
Sperm Deposition From Different
Types Of Mating
Boar
Cervical AI
Traditional AI
Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition Senger, 2012 3rd Edition
Post –
PCAI
Uterine Body
Uterine
Horn
Utero Tubal
Junction
UTJ
Ovary
IP
Cervix
Traditional
AI
Cervical Canal
Vagina
Boar
Why Is Post-Cervical AI Being
Investigated Again?
 This is not new technology, it has been around for
quite a few years.
 The main emphasis is if one can use the highest
Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) boars can
improve performance and carcass
 It is being tried by several groups, but has not
been adopted in large scale.
 Remember Europe is already using around 1.7 to
1.8 billion cells per dose very successful with
traditional AI
English Channel Is 34 km or 21 mile
Swim
Natural Mating
Natural Service vs Artificial Insemination
17
Comparison Of Different Mating
Schemes In Swine
Mating with a
boar
Traditional
AI
Post Cervical
AI
Volume fluid,
ml
250-400
70-80
15-40
# sperm cells,
billions
60-80
2-3
.5-1.5
Location of
sperm
deposition
cervix
cervix
Uterine body
5-10 minutes
3-5 minutes
10-15 seconds
Length of time
What Are The Differences Between
These Mating and Service Types?
 Boar ejaculate puts in sperm rich prior to all
the other excessory fluids.
 Important fact, the largest majority of the
sperm cells that populate the UTJ and the
Oviducts is from the first 10 ml inseminated
into the cervix and uterus of the sow.
 Mating lasts for 5- 7 minutes, traditional AI 25 minutes and post-cervical take only around
15- 20 seconds to deliver the semen.
What Are The Differences Between
These Mating and Service Types?
 Heat Checking Still Important in all types of AI!
 We do not have the boar standing in front of the
sow with the post-cervical AI mating method.
 The dual catheter is place into each sow that is
positive for standing estrus, 45 minutes to 1 hr
after heat detection. The second catheter is the
gently threaded through the cervix into the body
of the uterus 1-2 minutes after insertion of the
first catheter.
Capacitation
Porcine Ovary
Ovulation
Ovulated oocyte
Ovulation site
Oocyte
The effect of oocyte age at fertilization on fertilization rate
and litter size (Hunter, 1988)
Est. age of Fertilization Litter sizea
oocyte (hr) rate %
0
90.8
12.0
a
4
92.1
11.7
8
94.6
8.7
12
70.3
6.8
16
48.3
4.8
20
50.9
5.0
Estimated at day 25 post mating
The effects of the interval between insemination and ovulation on
Fertilization rate and embryo viability (Soede, et.al., 1995a)
Interval between
insemination and
ovulation
Insemination
Pre-ovulation
Insemination
Post-ovulation
48-40
40-32
32-24
24-16
16-8
8-0
0-8
8-16
Sows with
>90%
Normal
Embryos
17
14
47
79
83
86
54
53
Fertilization
%
29
37
47
79
94
93
75
62
Elongation of the Conceptus through the
Uterine Horn - Day 12
Uterine Epithelium
From Blair et al. 1991; Biol. Reprod. 44:1063-1079
Fertility Factors
Effect of sperm dose and site of deposition
on sow fertility
Site of
deposition
Cervix
Uterine body
Sperm dose Farrowing
(x 109)
rate %
1
65.8
Litter
size
10.3
2
3
91.8
91.1
12.6
12.5
1
86.9
12.1
2
92.5
12.3
3
90.5
12.3
Watson and Behan 2002
The number of pigs per 100 matings with
0.5, 1 or 4 billion cells transcervical1 or 4
billion cells intra- cervical
Treatment
Conventional 4
billion
IUI 4 billion
N
100
Total Pigs +/- Control
947
-
100
1086
+ 139
IUI 1 billion
100
892
- 55
IUI .5 billion
100
712
- 235
1 Transcervical
catheter passage was 94%. Hemorrhaging observed on catheter 4% of matings (n=620)
K. Rozeboom et al., 2004 J. Anim. Sci. 82:2164-2168
Comparison Of Traditional AI At 90 cc With 3
Billion Sperm Cells To PCAI With Lower Sperm
Cell Numbers And Volume Of Diluent.
Results
Trad. AI 90 cc
3 billion sperm
PCAI, 30 cc
1 billion sperm
PCAI, 15 cc
0.5 billion sperm
N, inseminations
235
236
201
N, + preg check
203 (86.4%)
202 (85.5%)
173 (86%)
N, farrowing
195 (82.9%)
194 (82.2%)
169 (84%)
Born alive
2,239 (11.5/litter)
2148 (11.1/litter)
1995 (11.8 litter)
Izco, M.L. 2006 Oskotz AI Center, Technical Institute and Livestock Management