ejnar hertzsprung

44th
SATURDAY JULY 13 // ISSUE #6
Copenhagen Denmark 7-15 July 2013
STUDENT MAP
Missing people
found and joined
by comrades from
across borders.
YESTERDAY
Having fun at
Experimentarium
and rocking out in
Tivoli.
EJNAR
HERTZSPRUNG
PHYSICIST OF THE DAY
Ejnar Herzsprung (1873-1967) has given
name to the Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram.
The man who colourcoded the stars.
Geysers
– where
you can
see what
happens
underneath
the ground.
EXPERIMENTARIUM
& ROCK’N’ROLL
The science center in Copenhagen had never been visited by so many
enthusiastic and clever young people as it was yesterday. Afterwards, in
Copenhagen City Hall, the book was handed over to next year’s IPhO host:
Kazakhstan. The day ended with two concerts in Tivoli.
Surfing without water.
Large LEGOs.
Kazakhstan is the host
of IPhO 2014.
Can you scream as loud as
a lion can roar?
Tug-of-war with a bit
of cheating.
There were a lot of
people at the concert
in Tivoli. Can you find
the South African
team?
2 • Hafnium • Issue #6
Hafnium • IPhO 2013 • 3
STUDENT MAP
MA
GER NY
T
S
A group member from Pakistan had gone missing
in the latest issue of Hafnium. We have now
found him and are very delighted to bring you
the complete team along with 8 other countries.
ETHERLAN
N
D
HE
CH REPUBL
E
IC
CZ
CHTENSTEIN
E
I
L
CHINA
PAKISTAN
INAME
SUR
NTENEGRO
O
M
SERBIA
TOMORROW’S
WEATHER
Turi Schäffer
Editor & Journalist
[email protected]
Rectify the following equality 101 - 102 = 1 by moving just one digit.
(Check the next issue of Hafnium for the right answer.)
4 • Hafnium • Issue #6
HAFNIUM Editorial team
19 C
O
Miriam Ortwed
Layout, Graphics & Photo
[email protected]
Page 4:
Decimal point - 5.9
Answer to brain teaser in #5 issue of Hafnium.
Eremitagen
Hafnium • IPhO 2013 • 5
EJNAR
HERTZSPRUNG
TOMORROW...
CANAL TOUR,
CLOSING CEREMONY AND
FAREWELL PARTY
- and the Colour of Stars
„HABITABLE ZONE”
XKCD
The Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram shows the relationship between
the spectral type (colour) of the stars and the luminosity. Our Sun is
right in the middle of the chart.
XKCD
The oscillation of a Delta Cephei Variable Star that Hertzsprung used
to determine the first extragalactic distances. The oscillation is directly
proportional to the luminosity, and when the luminosity is known exactly, it is
possible to use the light source as a reference.
„INTERSTELLAR MEMES”
E
jnar Hertzsprung was both a chemist and an
astronomer. He graduated from the Technical
University of Denmark in 1898 and already in
1906 he found his first regularity in nature.
Hertzsprung found that there was a relationship
between the luminosity and the colour of stars.
However, it was not until 1913 when Henry Norris Russell
confirmed and improved Hertzsprung’s discovery that it was
published and acknowledged. The publication led to the
Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram, which is now a diagram that is
present in all astronomy books.
In 1913 Hertzsprung measured the first distances outside our
solar system. He did it by looking at Delta Cepheid Variable
stars, which are stars that oscillate in luminosity over a short
period of time. There is a strong direct relationship between
the Cepheid’s luminosity and pulsation period; therefore,
Hertzsprung could use them as standard candles (a light
source where you know the luminosity exactly) to determine
extragalactic distances.
6 • Hafnium • Issue #6
Hafnium • IPhO 2013 • 7
D
TES OF A
STA
M
ICA
ER
UNIT
E
How was the midterm party?
„It was fun. We spent some time dancing and some time playing games. And we got some of our
friends who usually wouldn’t dance, to dance. We played a game with the Russians and the guys
from the Czech Republic and we hadn’t talked with them before. The band was good, but they only
JEF
IN
FRE
Y & CALV
played American songs. We had hoped to hear some Danish music.”
UTH AFRICA
SO
„I thought it was amazing. It was so much fun. We got to spend time with people from all over the
world and we could all dance and get along. The music was sort of a language that we could all
understand. I met a lot of new people and everyone was more relaxed. The band was so good. They
really got us in the mood to dance.”
CARRIE
IKISTAN
TAJ
„It was very cool. We had a good time. Right before the party we met up with our leaders and we
were told how many points we had gotten in the theoretical examination, so my stress went away
and then I was ready to party. I met a leader from Singapore who is a professor at the university that
I am going to study at, so that was really nice.”
ADHAM
CYPRUS
„It was very nice. I liked the band. The singers were amazing, I really liked their voices. And I like to
dance, so it was perfect for me. I think it was the best thing you could have after an examination. You
could relax and be happy. I talked with many of the other contestants – it was an amazing experience.”
A N G E LO S
STRALIA
AU
„I thought it was really really fun. I liked the music and the band was good. Usually when you go
to a party they have a DJ, but having a live band is really fun. It was great to see everyone dancing
and partying instead of doing physics and studying. I danced with some of the others and I really
enjoyed it.”
SWAG
SH
DE
SRI
LA
A & BANGL
A
NK
„It was really fun. It was so cool that the contestants danced and enjoyed themselves so much. Even
though everyone was tired they partied like crazy and danced for two hours. It was really hot on the
KE
Y & FRED
nice evening and the drinks were good.”
ER
PA
POP TRUL
J
DS
EN
DØ
M
IC
IK
dance floor, but we danced anyway. You have to dance when Gangnam Style is played. It was a really
How was it to play for the IPhO contestants?
„It was a fantastic and surprising experience. We didn’t know that physicists from all over the world
could be so nice and could party so much. They danced all the time. Even when we played Aqua
and they didn’t know the songs they danced anyway. We are so glad that we were invited to play for
them.”
L Æ R KE
8 • Hafnium • Issue #6
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