The Illinois Soybean Association`s Soybean Cyst Nematode The

The Illinois Soybean Association’s
Soybean Cyst Nematode
Managed Research Area
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
University of Illinois Chicago
Southern Illinois University
Yield losses due to soybean diseases in 13 northern states
2003-2005
Tonnes x 1,000
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Anthracnose
Brown stem rot
Charcoal rot
Phytophthora rot
Sclerotinia stem rot
Seedling diseases
Soybean cyst nematode
Stem canker
Sudden death syndrome
2003
2004
Wrather and Koenning. 2006. Journal of Nematology 38:173-180.
2005
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
Life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode
SCN
2009 SCN MRA Project Overview
2009 SCN MRA Project Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SCN SDS interactions
SCN‐SDS
interactions
Phenotypic variation in SCN populations
Integrated strategies to manage SCN
Integrated strategies to manage SCN
Development of a molecular virulence assay
M
Mapping new genes for resistance to SCN
i
f
it
t SCN
Screening with molecular assays
Amino acids to reduce SCN/improve soybean
Extension programs
New approaches in deciphering the
i
interaction
i between
b
SDS and
d SCN
Objectives
1. Determine
i the
h role
l off SCN iin the
h ability
bili off
Fusarium virguliforme to penetrate soybean
roots
2. Determine the role of SCN on the ability of Fv
to colonize infected soybean roots
A. Fakhoury & J. Bond
11.Greenhouse
Greenhouse experiments were conducted with
five soybean cultivars different in their
p
resistance to SCN,, RKN,, and SDS
reported
2.Each soybean cultivar was challenged with a
virulent Fv strain, an avirulent Fv strain, and
severall nematode/fungus
t d /f
co-inoculations
i
l ti
H.
H glycines
M.
M incognita
F virguliforme
F.
Forrest
R
R
R
P94M50
R
S
S
Spencer
S
S
S
GH3983
S
S
R
LS97-1610
LS97-
S
R
R
Cultivar
Conclusions
• Co-inoculation of the aggressive Fv strain with either SCN
or RKN lead to a significant increase in foliar symptoms
• The same results were observed with the non aggressive
strain
• The results of qPCR data from co-inoculation of Fv with
SCN showed that there is an increase in root colonization by
the fungus in presence of SCN
• Co-inoculating with the fungus and the nematode can
overwhelm plant resistance to SDS
• Plant resistance to SDS in the used soybean lines may be
due, for the most part, to the inability of the fungus to
penetrate the plant
• Once
O
the
h fungus
f
is
i in
i the
h plant,
l
even in
i small
ll amounts,
foliar symptoms can develop
Genotyping SCN inbred lines that will be used for the identification of SCN virulence genes and development of a molecular virulence assay
• Genotype 30 inbred lines of SCN that differ for virulence for all the main types of SCN
virulence for all the main types of SCN resistant plants. Use 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per inbred line
polymorphisms (SNPs) per inbred line.
• Construct a phylogenetic tree showing the relationships among the inbred SCN lines
relationships among the inbred SCN lines
• Choose diagnostic SNPs that will differentiate each line.
h li
Currently we have 15 functional SCN TaqMan assays that discriminate between TN16, TN20 and TN10. About 500 assays are planned.
A functioning SCN virulence assay will allow monitoring of virulent SCN populations in Illinois and selection of the best SCN resistant soybean for each field. The ability to match the most effective SCN resistant soybean to a given SCN population will maximize soybean yields and preserve valuable SCN resistant germplasm. Homozygous
Heterozygous
Single SCN J2 TaqMan SNP assays
Can Phenylalanine be used to reduce the virulence of SCN and improve the
the virulence of SCN and improve the survival of soybean (Glycine max)? Lon S Kaufman (PI), Kate Warpeha
Department of Biological Sciences
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Illinois at Chicago
Accomplishments
• We have determined that compounds derived from the amino acid phenylalanine such as quercetin
the amino acid phenylalanine, such as quercetin, have a role in how soybean resists or reduces SCN infection.
infection
We have determined that SCN targets a quercetin
have determined that SCN targets a quercetin‐
• We
rich area of the root. • We have determined that the application of phenylalanine or quercetin reduces infection. phenylalanine or quercetin
reduces infection
No SCN
SCN
SCN
Phenylalanine
SCN
Quercetin
Average number of worms per root
0
29
17
7
Illinois SCN Type
yp Test
Source
PI 548402 (Peking)
PI 88788
PI 437654
No.
1
2
4
FI
6
50 
1
SCN Type 2
IL SCN Types
•
Majority of IL fields contain Type 2 populations
•
Survey is continuing to determine the
prevalence of SCN types in response to the use
of other resistance sources
•
Research is needed to learn what populations
densities will compromise SCN resistant
varieties
•
It is established that yield will be lost if fields are
not sampled and managed for SCN
Carmi, IL - Field infested with SCN type 2
3 yrs of soy
1. Imperative to select
resistant
i t t varieties
i ti
2. Yield was lost in the
resistant variety because
of the high numbers of
SCN (Type 2) in the soil
d tto th
due
the llack
k off rotation
t ti
• Using VIPS can prevent
this from happening
SCN-Susceptible
SCN-Resistant (Type 0)
Field normally in a corn/soybean rotation (except for area with
the box - soybean plot surrounded by corn in the corn year)
Status of Resistance in SCN-Resistant
Varieties
SCN Population: SCN HG Type 0,
~550 SCN-resistant varieties, each year
2002
2009
www.vipsoybeans.org
Status of Resistance in SCN-Resistant
Varieties
SCN Population: SCN HG Type 2,
550 SCN-resistant varieties
2009
www.vipsoybeans.org
Current SCN Evaluations
T. Niblack
T. Niblack
T. Niblack
Future SCN Evaluations?
Objective is to develop a faster
method to confirm SCN resistance.
MR
T. Niblack
NR
HR
T. Niblack
Acknowledgments
• Jason
J
B
Bond,
d coco-PI off SCN MRA
• Southern Illinois University
• Ahmad Fakhoury, Khalid Meksem, Stella
Kantartzi
• University of Illinois Chicago
• Lon Kaufman,, Kate Warpeha
p
• University of Illinois UrbanaUrbana-Champaign
• Terry Niblack
Niblack, Kris Lambert
• Marion Shier, Doug Jones
30
Acknowledgments
g