A step by step guide to learning how to Understanding Tajweed

Q Read
A step by step guide to learning how to Understanding Tajweed
Book 2
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO Q READ 2 .................................................................................................... 1
ARABIC NUMBERS ...................................................................................................................... 3
STOPPING SIGNS ........................................................................................................................ 4
SAJADAT OF TILAWAT QUR’AN ۩ .............................................................................................. 7
DIVISIONS IN THE QUR’AN ......................................................................................................... 9
SAMPLE OF A QUR’AN PAGE .................................................................................................... 11
TABLE OF CHAPTERS IN THE QUR’AN ...................................................................................... 12
SOUND ORIGINATION - MAKHARIJ POINTS ............................................................................. 15
SOUND ORIGINATION – LIP LETTERS ....................................................................................... 16
SOUND ORIGINATION – TONGUE LETTERS .............................................................................. 17
SOUND ORIGINATION – THROAT LETTERS .............................................................................. 19
HURUF ‘UL MUQATTA’AT ........................................................................................................ 20
QUALITIES OF LETTERS SIFAAT – AL – HUROOF....................................................................... 24
GHUNNA .................................................................................................................................. 26
RULES OF NUN SUKUN AND TANWEEN ................................................................................... 28
RULES OF NUN SAKIN AND TANWEEN..................................................................................... 29
IDGHAAM ................................................................................................................................. 30
IDH-HAAR ................................................................................................................................. 34
IQLAAB or QALB ....................................................................................................................... 35
IKHFAA ..................................................................................................................................... 37
EXERCISE .................................................................................................................................. 39
SIMPLE SUMMARY OF THE RULES OF NUN SAKIN AND TANWEEN ........................................ 40
RULES OF MEEM SAKIN............................................................................................................ 41
QALQALA .................................................................................................................................. 43
RULES OF LAAM ....................................................................................................................... 45
RULES OF RAA .......................................................................................................................... 46
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INTRODUCTION TO Q READ 2
Q READ 2 is the follow up to Q READ 1 and completes the basic rules for recitation of the
Qur’an with the focus on tajweed.
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Page 1
Before starting this book, the student should have finished Q Read part 1 and now practicing
reciting the Holy Qur’an.
Q Read 2 begins with recapping on the ‘rules of stopping’ and a basic introduction to the
divisions in the Qur’an and Arabic numbers.
It follows with the all-important rules of tajweed.
Importance of reciting the Qur’an correctly
Allah also says in the Qur’an
‫يلا‬
‫ل ال ْ ُقر َا‬
‫َو َرتِ ِ ا‬
ً ِ‫آن تَ ْرت‬
...and recite the Qur’an as is taught to be recited (lit. ‘with tarteel’).
Qur’an reading is the recitation of the Qur’an according to tajweed & tarteel as taught by
the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
What is tarteel?
When asked about the meaning of tarteel, Imam Ali (pbuh) replied:
‘It means that the Qur’an should be recited with tajweed and with due observance to the
rules of waqf (pausing or stopping at the end of the verse).’
What is tajweed?
Tajweed simply means to recite every letter correctly i.e. from its proper origin of
pronunciation together with the attribute of its accompanying letters.
Just as in any other language, we learn to pronounce the letters and words e.g.: in English
we learn ‘ph’ stands for ‘f’ and not ‘p’ as in ‘phone/fone’ and not ‘pne’...similarly in the
Arabic language, we also have to learn the proper pronunciation of letters and words which
we term ‘tajweed’.
Thus as a repeated example, the word ‘qalb’ (with Q) means ‘heart’, if read ‘kalb’ (with K)
will now mean dog.
Tajweed also means ‘to improve’ and ‘to make better’.
The recitation and pronunciation of every letter of the Qur’an from where the sound is
supposed to come with its proper characteristics such as lengthening (isti’laa), shortening
(istifāl), thinning (tarqeeq), thickening (tafkheem) and other phonetic rules such as
absorbing/merging (idghaam), pronouncing clearly (idh-haar), changing (iqlab) and hiding
(ikhfa).
Therefore we could say:
Tajweed of the Qur’an is the knowledge and application of the correct rules of recitation
so that the reading of the Qur’an is as close as possible to the recitation of the Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh).
Page 2
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ARABIC NUMBERS
1
١
2
٢
٣
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩
١١
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
01
Although Arabic language is read from right to left,
Arabic numbers are read from left to right (as English numbers).
For example:
92 = ٩٢
Not 29
145 = ١٤٥
Not 541
Write the following numbers in Arabic:
2
=
_________
9
=
_________
41
=
_________
38
=
_________
Write the following numbers in English:
٣
=
______
٦
٨
=
=
______
______
786
103
2691
3074
=
=
=
=
_________
_________
_________
_________
١١٤
٣١
٩٢
=
______
______
______
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=
=
Page 3
STOPPING SIGNS
This chapter is a recap from Q Read 1.
It is important to know the correct points at which to stop or continue during recitation in
order to not change or distort the meaning of the ayaat.
In the Qur’an there are some signs or punctuation marks called ‘waqf’ or in plural ‘wuqoof’.
These are found in the middle or the end of ayaat and give us an indication of whether
stopping/pausing is permitted or not.
The most common waqf is:
o
:
End of an aya – STOP
Sometimes the following letters are placed on the ‘O’ or in the middle an aya to indicate
various rules of stopping
‫م‬
‫ع‬
Stop – End of a section
‫ط‬
Should stop – End of a sentence
‫قف‬
‫ج‬
Better to stop
Can stop or continue
‫ص‬
Must continue, can take a breath
‫صل‬
Must continue, can take a breath
‫ز‬
Must continue, can take a breath
‫ﻻ‬
Better NOT to stop
‫؞؞‬
‫قل ے‬
‫صل ے‬
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Compulsory stop – Otherwise meaning is changed
Stop at the first or the second but not at both
Better to stop but permissible to continue
Better to continue but permissible to stop
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STOPPING ON WORDS
Whilst signs are helpful in showing where to stop, pause or continue, this topic will recap on
what a break in recitation should sound like.
Below is a brief recap of what was covered in Q Read 1.
If further explanation or examples are required, please refer to Q Read 1.
As mentioned in Q Read 1, there are 5 kinds of stopping or pausing:
َ‫ ) ا‬, kasra ( ِ َ‫ ) ا‬, dhamma (‫ ) ُ َا‬, kasra tanween ( ‫) َا‬,
1) fatha (
dhamma tanween
(‫ ) َا‬vowel is read as a sukun.
o‫م‬
‫ك لَعَ ٰلا ُخلُقا عَ ِظي ْ ا‬
‫ َاو اِن َ َ ا‬o ‫ي‬
‫ل ُت ِط ِاع ا ْْلُ َك ِذبِ ْ َا‬
‫فَ َ ا‬
2) When the word ends with a letter that has a fatha tanween (
ًَ‫ ) ا‬followed by ‫ ا‬or ‫ي‬,
The letter will be recited as a long vowel fatha (2 counts)
o ‫عَيْنًا فِيْهَا ُت َس ّٰما َسل ْ َس ِبي ْ ًلا‬
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Page 5
‫)ة‬, it is changed to a ‘haa’ with a sukun.
3) If the word ends with a ‘ta marbuta’ (
o ‫لِن َ ْجعَلَهَا ل َ ُك ْما تَ ْذ ِك َر اةً َوتَعِيَهََٓا اُ ُذنا َواعيةا‬
4) If the word ends with a sukun (
َ‫ ) ْا‬, it stays the same.
o ‫َاو ا َ ِذن َ ْتا ل ِ َربِهَا َو ُح َق ْتا‬
5) If the word ends with a long vowel (
‫ ْيا‬, ‫ ْوا‬, ‫ ) ا‬, it stays the same.
o ‫ن دَ ٰاسهَا‬
‫اب َم ْا‬
‫َاو قَ ْاد َخ َ ا‬
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SAJADAT OF TILAWAT QUR’AN ۩
There are 14 places in the Qur’an where sajadat is to be performed.
4 are wajib and 10 are mustahab.
There are 4 wajib sajadat: On hearing or reciting any of the following 4 ayaat, one must
perform a sajda. It is not necessary to face qibla, or be in wudhoo.
The 4 wajib sajadat are:
Suwer
32. As Sajda (The Adoration)
41. Hameem Sajda
53. An Najm (The Star)
96. Al Alaq (The Clot)
Aya
Juz
15
38
62
19
21st
24th
27th
30th
MNEMONIC: When a star 53 is born96 do 2 sajda’s32 & 41
There are 10 mustahab sajadat: On hearing or reciting the aya, it is recommended that one
performs a sajda; it is recommended and not wajib.
The 10 mustahab sajadat are:
Suwer
Aya
7. Al A’raf (The Elevated Places)
13. Ar Ra’ad (The Thunder)
16. An Nahl (The Bee)
17. Bani Israil (The Children of Israil)
19. Mariam (Mary)
22. Al Haj (The Pilgrimage)
25. Al Furqan (The Criterion)
27. An Naml (The Ant)
38. Saad (Saad)
84. Al Inshiqaq (The Bursting Asunder)
206
15
50
109
58
18
60
26
24
21
I heard thunder13 & looked up7 where I saw an explosion84 it was Israa17 which I had read
about in the furqan25. The bees16 and ants27 were scared & Maryam19 went to hajj22 to
seek the secret38.
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Although there is no need for any recitation, it is recommended to recite the following in
sajda:
‫َ ال اِل ٰ َاه اِ َ ال اﷲُ َح ًقا َح ًقا‬
Indeed there is no god except Allah
‫َ ال اِل ٰ َاه اِ َ ال اﷲُ اِيْﻤَانًا َاو تَ ْص ِديْقًا‬
‫َ ال اِل ٰ َاه اِ َ ال اﷲُ ُعب ُ ْو ِدي َ اةً َو ِرقًا‬
‫ك يَا َر ِ ابْ تَعَب ُ ًدا َو ِرقًا‬
‫َس َج ْد ُتا ل َ َ ا‬
There is no god except Allah, I believe
and have faith in Him
There is no god except Allah, My
servitude and bondage is to Him
To You my Lord I prostrate in
servitude and bondage neither with
pride nor arrogance.
Rather in humility and weakness, I as
Your ‘abd seek safety with You.
‫َ ال ُم ْستَن ْ ِكفًا َو َ ال ُم ْست َ ْك ِِبًا‬
‫ي‬
‫ل ا َنَا عَبْدا ذَلِيْلا َظعِيْفا َخ ِآئفا ُم ْست َ ِج ْ ا‬
‫بَ ْ ا‬
In the margins of the Qur’an, one will see
۩
to indicate the beginning of the aya of sajda
and ۞ to indicate the end of the aya where one does sajda, or you will see
Page 8
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‫الس ْجدة‬
َ
DIVISIONS IN THE QUR’AN
Qur’an is organized with respect to the location of revelation of verses, whether in Makka or
Madina.
Almost two-thirds of the Qur’an was revealed in Makka, and carries the title, “Makki” and
the remainder was revealed in Madina and therefore carries the title “Madani”.
The Holy Qur’an is divided into ayaat (verses/sentences) and suwer (chapters)
JUZ/AJZAA
30 Parts
SURA/SUWER
114 Chapters
RUKU/RUKUAAT
Paragraphs
AYA/AYAAT
Sentences / Verses
‫)اَٰية‬:
AYA (
‫)اَٰياَة‬.
Means a verse or a sentence. The plural is ayaat (
There are 6236 ayaat in the Qur’an.
SURA (
‫) ُس ْو َاره‬:
RUKU (
‫) ُر ُك ْوع‬:
The Qur’an has 114 chapters. Each chapter is called a sura.
‫) ُس َو ْرا‬.
The plural is suwer (
All suwer begin with Bismillah except sura no. 9 called At-Tawba or the
repentance. Bismillah appears twice in Suratun Naml.
The juz (part) and sura (chapter) are divided into paragraphs/sections. Each
paragraph/section is called a ruku. A ruku consists of a number of ayaat all of
which deal with one topic.
‫) ُرَ ُك ْو اع َات‬.
The plural is rukuaat (
There are 558 rukuaat in the Qur’an.
In the margin of the page, you will see the symbol (‫)ع‬. This is the symbol for
ruku. The symbol usually has 3 numbers – one at the top, in the middle and at the
bottom.



(Top) Number of rukuaat in the sura
(Middle) Number of ayaat in the ruku
(Bottom) Number of r rukuaat in the juz
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Page 9
Below is a picture of a RUKU. Look it up in the Qur’an, you will find it on almost any page on
the margin.
Number of rukuaat in the sura
Number of ayaat in the ruku
Number of rukuaat in the juz
‫) جز‬
JUZ (
MANZIL (
‫)مزنل‬:
Manzil No. 1.
Manzil No. 2.
Manzil No. 3.
Manzil No. 4.
Manzil No. 5.
Manzil No. 6.
Manzil No. 7.
The Qur’an is conveniently divided into 30 parts called ‘juz’ for people who
want to finish reciting the Qur’an in a month. This is usually written at the top
of the page.
The Qur’an is also divided into 7 parts called ‘manzil’ (pl.manazil) for people
who want to finish reciting the Qur’an in seven days. This is either written at
the bottom of the page or in the margin of the page.
Suwer 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Suwer 5 to 9.
Suwer 10 to 16.
Suwer 17 to 25.
Suwer 26 to 36.
Suwer 37 to 49.
Suwer 50 to 114
Since all suwer and ayaat within them are numbered, the most scientific method is to
provide the sura and aya number.
For example,
Ayatul Kursi is 2:255 that is sura 2 (Al-Baqara) and aya 255. Some scholars prefer the
reference “Al-Baqara 255” or Al-Baqara (2): 255.
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SAMPLE OF A QUR’AN PAGE
A sample of a Qur’an page is shown below. Have a look and try to identify the same with
other pages from the Qur’an.
Sura name and
number
Page number
Juz name and
number
Aya number
Ruku
(paragraph)
Manzil (seven division)
number
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Page 11
TABLE OF CHAPTERS IN THE QUR’AN
The following table provides information about each chapter contained in the Qur'an
Name
Al Fatiha
Al Baqara
Al ‘Imran
An Nisa'
Al Ma’ida
Al An'am
Al A'raf
Al Anfal
At Tawba
Yunus
Hud
Yusuf
Al Ra'ad
Ibraheem
Al Hijr
An Nahl
Al Israa
Al Kahf
Maryam
Ta Ha
Al Anbiya
Al Hajj
Al Mu'minun
An Nur
Al Furqan
Ash Shu'ara'
An Naml
Al Qasas
Al Ankabut
Ar Rum
Luqman
As Sajda
Al Ahzab
Saba
Fatir
Ya Seen
As Saffat
Saad
Az Zumar
Ghafir
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Translation
The Opening
The Cow
The Family of Imran
The Women
The Table
The Livestock
The Heights
The Spoils of War
The Repentance
Jonah
Hud
Joseph
The Thunder
Abraham
The Rock
The Bee
The Night Journey
The Cave
Mary
Ta Ha
The Prophets
The Pilgrimage
The Believers
The Light
The Criterion
The Poets
The Ants
The Story
The Spider
The Romans
Luqman
The Prostration
The Coalition
Saba
The Originator
Ya Seen
The Troops
Saad
The Companion
Forgiver
Makki or
Madani
Makki
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Makki
Makki
Madani
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Makki
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
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Chapter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Number of
verses
7
286
200
176
120
165
206
75
129
109
123
111
43
52
99
128
111
110
98
135
112
78
118
64
77
227
93
88
69
60
34
30
73
54
45
83
182
88
75
85
Name
Fussilat
Ash Shura
Az Zukhruf
Ad Dukhan
Al Jathiya
Al Ahqaf
Muhammad
Al Fath
Al Hujurat
Qaaf
Adh Dhariyat
At Tur
An Najm
Al Qamar
Ar Rahman
Al Waqi'a
Al Hadid
Al Mujadala
Al Hashr
Al Mumtahana
As Saff
Al Jumu'a
Al Munafiqun
At Taghabun
At Talaq
At Tahrim
Al Mulk
Al Qalam
Al Haqqa
Al Ma'arij
Nuh
Al Jinn
Al Muzammil
Al Mudaththir
Al Qiyama
Al Insan
Al Mursalat
An Naba'
An Nazi'at
Abasa
At Takwir
Al Infitar
Al Mutaffifin
Al Inshiqaq
Translation
Explained in Detail
Counsel Meeting
The Ornaments
The Smoke
The Kneeling
The Sand Dunes
Muhammad
The Victory
The Chambers
Qaf
The Scatterers
The Mountain
The Star
The Moon
The All Merciful
The Great Event
The Iron
The Pleading One
The Banishment
The Examined One
The Ranks
The Congregation
The Hypocrites
Loss and Gain
The Divorce
The Prohibition
The Kingdom
The Pen
The Truth
The Stairways
Noah
The Jinn
The Wrapped One
The Clothed One
The Day of Judgement
The Human Being
Emissaries
The Tidings
Those pull Out
He Frowned
Covering Up
The Splitting
The Defrauders
Exploding
Makki or
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Madani
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Makki
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
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Chapter
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Number of
verses
54
53
89
59
37
35
38
29
18
45
60
49
62
55
78
96
29
22
24
13
14
11
11
18
12
12
30
52
52
44
28
28
20
56
40
31
50
40
46
42
29
19
36
25
Page 13
Name
Al Buruj
At Tariq
Al A'la
Al Ghashiya
Al Fajr
Al Balad
Ash Shams
Al Layl
Ad Duha
Inshirah
At Tin
Al 'Alaq
Al Qadr
Al Bayyina
Az Zilzal
Al 'Adiyat
Al Qari'a
At Takathur
Al Asr
Al Humaza
Al Fil
Quraysh
Al Ma'un
Al Kawthar
Al Kafirun
An Nasr
Al Masad (Lahab)
Al Ikhlas
Al Falaq
An Nas
Page 14
Translation
The Milky Way
The Night Star
The Most High
The Calamity
The Dawn
The City
The Sun
The Night
Early Morning
The Expanding
The Fig
The Clot
The Power
The Clear Evidence
The Earthquake
The Chargers
The Catastrophe
Plentiful
Afternoon
The Backbiters
The Elephant
Quraysh
Daily Necessity
Abundance
Cover-up the Truth
Help
Flames
Unity of Belief
The Daybreak
HumanKind
Makki or
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
Madani
Makki
Makki
Makki
Makki
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Chapter
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
Number of
verses
22
17
19
26
30
20
15
21
11
8
8
19
5
8
8
11
11
8
3
9
5
4
7
3
6
3
5
4
5
6
SOUND ORIGINATION - MAKHARIJ POINTS
The diagram below shows the 5 general Makharij and the leers that originate
from them.
NASAL PASSAGE
From which the ghunnah
sound originates
MOUTH/LIPS
TONGUE
THROAT
CHEST
From which the long
vowels sounds of
originate
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Page 15
SOUND ORIGINATION – LIP LETTERS
There are two specific makharji points of the lips where the leer sounds originate
from. The first group of leer sounds originate from ‘between the lips’ and the
second group of leer sounds originate from ‘inside the lower lips’.
BETWEEN THE LIPS
INSIDE LOWER LIP
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SOUND ORIGINATION – TONGUE LETTERS
Noce that the sounds from each group of leers originate from different places
on your tongue.
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SOUND ORIGINATION – THROAT LETTERS
The diagram below shows the 3 Makharij points and the leers that originate
from them.
UPPER THROAT
MID THROAT
-OWER THROAT
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Page 19
HURUF ‘UL MUQATTA’AT
29 suwer of the Qur’an begin with huruf’ul muqatta’at. They begin with a letter(s) instead
of a word and are not pronounced phonetically but are read separately with their letter
name.
Suwer that begin with:
Al Baqara (2)
Al ‘Imran (3)
Al Ankabut (29)
Ar Rum (30)
Luqman (31)
As Sajda (32)
Huruf’ul muqatta’at
ِ ‫ال َٓ َٓما۝اااا اذ ٰل‬
ِ
... ‫ب فِي ْ ِه‬
‫ي‬
‫ر‬
‫ل‬
‫ب‬
‫ا‬
‫ت‬
‫ك‬
‫ال‬
‫ك‬
َ
ْ
َ
َ َْ ُ ٰ
Read as
ِ ‫اَل‬
‫آلم ِمي َْٓ ْما‬
‫ف‬
ْ
ْ
Al A’raf (7)
...ْ‫ك فَ َل ي َ ُك ْن ِِف‬
َ ْ ‫ا َْٓلَٓصا۝ا ااا ِك ات ٰب اُن ْ ِز َل اِلَي‬
Read as
ِ ‫اَل‬
‫آلم ِمي َْٓ ْم َص ْا‬
‫آد‬
‫ف‬
ْ
ْ
Yunus (10)
Hud (11)
Yusuf (12)
Ibrahim (14)
Al Hijr (15)
‫ك ا ٰاي ٰ ُت ال ْ ِك ات ٰ ِب ا ْْل َ ِكي ْ ِم ۝ اااا‬
َ ْ ‫اال َٓ ٰار۝ا ااا تِل‬
Read as
ِ ‫اَل‬
‫آلم َرا‬
‫ف‬
ْ
ْ
Page 20
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‫‪Huruf’ul muqatta’at‬‬
‫ك ا ٰ اي ٰ ُت ال ْ ِك ات ٰ ِب طا‬
‫ال َٓ َٓ‬
‫ـﻤ ٰارا۝ اااا تِل ْ َ‬
‫‪Suwer that begin with:‬‬
‫)‪Ar Ra’ad (13‬‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫اَل ِْ‬
‫آلم ِمي َْٓ ْم َرا‬
‫ف‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك ‪...‬‬
‫كَٓهٰيٰـعَٓـ َٓا‬
‫ْح ِت َربِ َ‬
‫ص ا۝ا ا ا ِذك ُ اْر َر ْ َ‬
‫)‪Maryam (19‬‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫ي َص ا‬
‫كَ ْ‬
‫آدْ‬
‫آف َها يَا ع َ َْٓ ْ‬
‫ق ۝اااا‬
‫ك ُق ْرا ٰ َن لِت َ ْش ٰ ۤ ا‬
‫ٰط اهٰ ا۝ا ا ا َما اَن ْ َزلْنَا عَلَي ْ َ‬
‫)‪Ta Ha (20‬‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫َطا َها‬
‫ك ا ٰ اي ٰ ُت ال ْ ِك ات ٰ ِب ا ْْلُبِ ْ ِ‬
‫ي ۝ااا ا‬
‫ٰط َٓس َٓما۝ا ااا اتِل ْ َ‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫َطا ِسي َْٓ ْم ِمي َْٓ ْما‬
‫‪Page 21‬‬
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‫)‪Ash Shu’ara’ (26‬‬
‫)‪Al Qasas (28‬‬
Suwer that begin with:
Huruf’ul muqatta’at
‫ك ا ٰ اي ٰ ُت ال ْ ُق ْرا ٰ ِن َو ِكتَاب ُمبِ ْي ۝اااا‬
َ َ ‫ٰط َٓسا۝ ا اااتِل‬
An Naml (27)
Read as
‫َطا ِس َْٓ ْا‬
‫ي‬
Read as
‫ي ٰ َٓسا۝ا اااا َاو ال ْ ُق ْرا ٰ ِن ا ْْل َ ِكي ْ ِم ۝اااا‬
Read as
ِ ‫ص و ال ْ ُق ْرا ٰ ِن ِذى‬
‫الذ ْك ِر ۝اااا‬
َ ‫َٓ ا‬
Ya Seen (36)
‫يا‬
َْٓ ْ ‫يَا ِس‬
Saad (38)
‫َص ا‬
ْ‫آد‬
Ghafir / Al Mu’min (40)
Fussilat / Ha-meem Sajda (41)
Az Zukhruf (43)
Ad Dukhan (44)
Al Jathiya (45)
Al Ahqaf (46)
‫ٰح َٓما۝ا اا اتَ ْ ِزنيْل ِم َن ال َر ْْحا ٰ ِن ال َر ِحي ْ ِم ۝اا ا‬
Read as
‫َحا ِمي َْٓ ْما‬
Page 22
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‫‪Huruf’ul muqatta’at‬‬
‫ك ‪...‬ا‬
‫ٰح َٓما۝ا اا اع َٓ َٓس َٓاق ا۝ا ااااكَ اذٰل ِ َ‬
‫ك يُ ْو ِ ۤحا ْ اِلَي ْ َ‬
‫‪Suwer that begin with:‬‬
‫)‪Ash Shura (42‬‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫آفا‬
‫ي ِس ْ َْٓ‬
‫َحا ِمي َْٓ ْم ۝ اع َ ْ َْٓ‬
‫ي قَ ْ‬
‫َٓقا۝ا اااا َو ال ْ ُق ْرا ٰ ِن ا ْْل َ ِجي ْ ِد ۝ا اا ا‬
‫)‪Qaaf (50‬‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫آفا‬
‫قَ ْ‬
‫َٓان َو الْقَلِ ِم َو َما ي َ ْس ُط ُر ْو َن ۝ا ا ا‬
‫)‪Al Qalam (68‬‬
‫‪Read as‬‬
‫ن ُ ْوَٓ ْنا‬
‫‪Page 23‬‬
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QUALITIES OF LETTERS SIFAAT – AL – HUROOF
The quality or characteristic of the letter when pronounced on its own.
Letters of Elevation - Isti’laa
‫ق‬
‫ظ‬
‫ط‬
‫ض‬
‫ص‬
‫غ‬
‫خ‬
These 7 letters are known as ‘elevation’ (heavy) letters or ‘isti’laa’.
Elevation is a characteristic of these letters where the tongue is raised to the roof of the
mouth when the letter is pronounced.
These letters are generally pronounced with a ‘heavy’ sound and are known as
the letters of tafkheem (
‫)تَ ْف ِخيم‬
Letters of lowness - Istifaal
‫د‬
‫ح‬
‫ج‬
‫ث‬
‫ك‬
‫ف‬
‫ع‬
‫ي‬
‫ه‬
‫ت‬
‫ب‬
‫ء‬
‫ش‬
‫ز‬
‫س‬
‫ذ‬
‫و‬
‫ن‬
‫م‬
The rest of the letters with the exception of letters
‫ل‬
and
‫ر‬
are known as the letters of
‘lowness’ (light) or ‘istifaal’.
They carry the opposite characteristic of ‘elevation’. They are pronounced with the tongue
in a lowered position towards the floor of the mouth when the letter is pronounced. These
‫)تَ ْرقِيق‬
letters are pronounced with a light sound and are known as the letters of tarqeeq (
The two letters
Page 24
‫ ل‬and ‫ر‬
have their own rules and will be explained later.
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To familiarize yourself, identify the letters of ‘tafkheem’ (heavy) in the following words:
‫م َوا َ ْم َط ْرنَا‬
‫عَ ِظي ْ ا‬
‫الا‬
ُ َ‫ق‬
‫فَ ْضلا‬
‫ا َْص ٰح ُبا‬
‫َخ ْوفا‬
‫َغ َواشا‬
‫َخ ْوفا‬
‫َغ َواشا‬
Now identify the letters of ‘tarqeeq’ (light) in the same following words:
‫م َوا َ ْم َط ْرنَا‬
‫ال عَ ِظي ْ ا‬
‫قَ ُا‬
‫فَ ْضلا‬
‫ا َْص ٰح ُبا‬
Recite the verses below taking care to pronounce the letters of ‘tafkheem’ (heavy) and
‘tarqeeq’ (low) correctly.
o ‫ُرَت ْو َان‬
َُ ْ‫قَال ُ ْوا ب َ ْلا جِﺌْنٰكَ ِِب اا َ كَان ُ ْوا فِي ْ ِاه َ اي‬
o ‫ال فَ َﻤا َخ ْطب ُ ُك ْما ا َيُهَا ا ْْلُ ْر َسل ُ ْو َنا‬
‫قَ َا‬
o‫ي‬
‫م ٰص ِدقِ ْ َا‬
‫َوي َ ُق ْول ُ ْو َنا َمت ٰے هٰ َذا ال ْ َوع ْ ُاد اِ ْان ُكنْتُ ْا‬
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Page 25
GHUNNA
Rules of meem shadda and nun shadda
Sounds originate from different places along the voice passage. One of the other areas from
which the makharij also originates from is the nasal passage / nose.
It is from the nasal passage from which the ghunna sound originates.
The two letters
‫( ما‬meen with a shadda) and ‫( نا‬nun with a shadda) should always be
pronounced with a nasal sound or ghunna. The ghunna is held for duration of two harakat.
Note: This only applies when meem or nun is accompanied by a shadda. It does not apply
when these letters are accompanied by any other haraka.
Meem shadda words
‫اِ َماما ُمبِ ْ َا‬
‫ي‬
ِ ‫م ُمست َ ْك‬
‫ِب ْو َان‬
ُ ْ ‫َو ُه ْا‬
‫فَل َ َﻤا‬
‫ُجنَ ُك ْما‬
َُ
‫لَن ْرا‬
‫ُث َما‬
‫فَا ُُمها‬
Nun shadda words
‫َولَي َ َﻤ َسنَ ُك ْما‬
‫اسا‬
ُ َ‫ي َ ُك ْو ُان الن‬
Page 26
‫ِمنَا‬
‫َوالنَ ْج ُما‬
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‫كا‬
َ َ ‫اِن‬
‫ن النَعِي ْ ِما‬
‫عَ ِ ا‬
‫‪Underline the letters which will need ghunna and then recite the verses below taking care to‬‬
‫‪pronounce the ghunna correctly.‬‬
‫م عَ َف ْونَا‬
‫ُث َا‬
‫ن َساَلْت َ ُه ْما‬
‫َولَﺌِ ْا‬
‫ك لَعَل َ ُك ْما‬
‫ن بَعْ ِاد ذ ٰال ِ َ ا‬
‫عَن ْ ُكم ِم ْا‬
‫ال َ ْار َ ا‬
‫ض‬
‫ت َو ْ ا‬
‫لس ٰﻤو ٰ ِ ا‬
‫ِام ْا‬
‫ن َخل َ َاق ا َ‬
‫تَ ْش ُك ُر ْو َنا ط‬
‫اّلل ط‬
‫ن ٰ ُا‬
‫لَي َ ُق ْول ُ َ ا‬
‫‪Recite Suratun Naas observing and practicing the ghunna sounds.‬‬
‫اس‪o‬‬
‫ب النَ ِ ا‬
‫ل ا َ ُع ْو ُاذ بِ َر ِ ا‬
‫ُق ْ ا‬
‫اس‪o‬‬
‫ك النَ ِ ا‬
‫َملِ ِ ا‬
‫اس ‪o‬‬
‫اِل ٰ ِاه النَ ِ ا‬
‫س‪o‬‬
‫اس الْخَنَا ِ ا‬
‫ن َش ِرال ْ َو ْس َو ِ ا‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫اس ‪o‬‬
‫ى يُ َو ْس ِو ُسا ِ اف ْ ُص ُد ْو ِار النَ ِ ا‬
‫ا َل َ ِذ ْ ا‬
‫اس ‪o‬‬
‫ن ا ْْلِنَ ِاة َوالنَ ِ ا‬
‫ِم َا‬
‫‪Page 27‬‬
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RULES OF NUN SUKUN AND TANWEEN
‫ْانا ا ا‬
‫َاا ا‬
‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
IDGHAM
IDH-HAAR
IQLAAB
IKHFAA
Page 28
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RULES OF NUN SAKIN AND TANWEEN
Nun sakin
and
Tanween
‫ْنا‬
‫ا ً = ا َْنا‬
‫ا = اِ ْانا‬
‫ا = اُ ْانا‬
Note: Tanween is basically nun sakin added to the end of the word.
In continuous recitation, it is pronounced. However when pausing or stopping, the nun sakin
is omitted and not pronounced (see table below and the chapter: Stopping on words)
Pronounced if pausing or
stopping
‫َكبِ ْيَا‬
‫فِﺌ َ ْاه‬
‫َح ِكي ْ ْما‬
Pronounced in continuous
recitation
‫يَ ْنا‬
‫َك ابِ ْ ا‬
‫فِ ِ ْا‬
‫ﺌت‬
ِ ‫ح‬
‫ك‬
‫يﻤ ْا‬
‫ن‬
ُ َ
Word
‫يً ا‬
‫َكبِ ْ ا‬
‫فِﺌَةا‬
‫َح ِكيْما‬
‘Nun Sakin and Tanween’ are pronounced in one of the following four ways depending on
the letters that follow them:
IDGHAAM
‫ي ر مل ون‬
IDH-HAAR
‫أحخعغه‬
IQLAAB
‫ب‬
IKHFAA
‫ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض طظ ف ق ك‬
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Page 29
IDGHAAM
Idghaam means the insertion or merging of one letter (accompanied with a sukun) into
another letter (accompanied by a haraka) so they become as one (ie as the second letter). A
shadda (tashdeed) indicates the merging has taken place.
Looking at the example:
‫اَن ْ َنا‬
The letter ‫ن‬
will not be written as such.
‫) ْنا‬
(accompanied with a sukun
is merged into the next letter
‫ن‬
(which is
accompanied with a fatha), so they will become one (i.e. as the second letter). A shadda
indicates that the merging has taken place so the word will be written as
Remember: The rule of idghaam is applied to nun sakin only.
The six letters of idghaam are
‫ي ر م ل و ن‬
( ‫ون‬
‫) ي َ ْر َمل ُ ا‬
َ
These are known as the ‘yarmalun’ letters.
These letters can be divided into two groups:
Group 1
‫ن‬
‫م و‬
Group 2
‫ي‬
‘yamun’
Half idghaam
idghaam with ghunna
Page 30
‫ل‬
‫ر‬
‘ral’
Full idghaam
idghaam without ghunna
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‫ا ََنا‬
Group A
During recitation, when nun sakin or tanween is followed by any letter from this group, then
the nun sakin will be merged into the second letter and be pronounced with ghunna – the
ghunna will be held for two counts.
This is called half idghaam (idghaam with ghunna)
‫ن‬
half idghaam
Eg:
‫َم ْنا يَ ُق ْو ُلا‬
‫و‬
‫م‬
‫ي‬
+ (tanween)
‫َا‬
‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
or
‫ْنا‬
will not be pronounced as ‘man yakulu’.
If we separate the letters, it would be
‫ي َيا ُقل ُ ْو ُلا‬
‫ن ْا‬
‫َم ْا‬
The nun sakin merges with the ya fatha and becomes the second letter.
The word will be read as ‘may yakulu’
The ghunna will be held for two counts on the ‘y’.
Practice reciting the following words holding the ghunna for 2 counts.
‫بَعْضا يَت َ َاسآءَل ُ ْاو َنا‬
‫ن َما ِرجا‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫ن َخل ْ ِف ِه ْا‬
‫م‬
‫َس ًادا َو ِم ْا‬
‫اِ ْان َ ان ْ ُ ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ل‬
‫ن يَعْ َﻤ ْ ا‬
‫فَ َﻤ ْا‬
‫ن ِمثْلِ ِاه‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫ََلَبا َوتَ َ ا‬
‫ب‬
‫آءا‬
ُ ‫َما ْنا ن َ َش‬
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‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬
‫ن‬
Page 31
Group B
During recitation, when nun sakin or tanween is followed by any letter from this group, then
the nun sakin will be totally omitted and the second letter will be pronounced with a shadda
and without ghunna
This is called full idghaam (idghaam without ghunna)
‫ل‬
full idghaam
Eg:
‫ِم ْنا َر ُس ْولا‬
or
‫ر‬
+ (tanween)
‫َا‬
‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
or
‫ْنا‬
will not be pronounced as ‘min rasulin’.
If we separate the letters, it would be
‫ْار َرا ُس ْول‬
‫ِم ْنا‬
The nun sakin is omitted or cancelled completely and the letter that follows it, will be
 Pronounced with a shadda and without ghunna...
 The word will be read as ‘mir rasulin ’
 There will be no ghunna (nasal) sound.
Practice and recite the following words – with no ghunna (no nasal sound)
‫َغ ُف ْو ًرا َر ِحي ْ ًﻤا‬
‫م ي َ ُك ْنا ل َ ُها‬
‫ل َ ْا‬
Page 32
‫كا‬
‫ِام ْا‬
َ ِ‫ن َرب‬
‫كُلا َْلَا‬
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‫ر‬
‫ل‬
‫‪Read the following passage identifying the letters that require ghunna and those that don’t:‬‬
‫ويلا يَومﺌِذا ل ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫يا ‪o‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ذ‬
‫ك‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ل‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َْ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ُ َْ‬
‫م ‪o‬‬
‫ن ال َر ِحي ْ ِا‬
‫ن ال َر ْْح ٰ ِ ا‬
‫تَ ْ ِزنيْلا ِم َا‬
‫ك َلٰيٰتا لِقَ ْوما ي ُ ْؤ ِمنُ ْو َان ‪o‬‬
‫ف ْ ذٰل ِ َ ا‬
‫اِ َان ِ ا‬
‫ك فَاِلَيْنَا يُ ْر َج ُع ْو َنا ‪o‬‬
‫م ا ْاَو نَت َ َاو فَ اي َنَ َ ا‬
‫ے نَعِ ُد ُه ْا‬
‫ض ال َ ِذ ْا‬
‫كا بَعْ َا‬
‫فَاِ َما ن ُ ِريَنَ َ‬
‫‪Page 33‬‬
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IDH-HAAR
Idh-haar mean to make apparent or to show.
There are six letters which when preceded by ‘nun sakin’ or ‘tanween’, they are to be
pronounced with ‘idh-haar’. These are the six throat letters.
The sound of
‫ْنا‬
is pronounced clearly (without a nasal sound or ghunna).
The six throat letters of idh-haar are
‫غ‬
‫ع‬
‫خ‬
‫ح‬
‫ه‬
‫أ‬
Note: All these six letters have the sound from the throat and are sometimes referred as
huruf-al-halaqiyya (throat letters).
full sound of
‫ْنا‬
‫أ ه ح خ ع غ‬
+ (tanween)
‫َا‬
‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
or
Practice reciting the following words
‫أ َ َح ْدا‬
‫ْال ْْن ٰ ُ ار‬
‫ُك ُفوًا‬
‫ََتْتِهَا‬
‫ِرزْقًا َح َسنًا‬
‫ن ِخ ْزيا‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫َوا ِس اع عَلِي ْ ُما‬
‫عَزِيْزا َغ ُف ْورا‬
Page 34
‫اب اَلِيْما‬
‫ع َ َذ ا‬
َ‫َسلَما هِﻲ‬
ْ‫ن َح ْاولِهِم‬
‫ِم ْا‬
َ‫اِ ْان ِخ ْفتُ ْْا‬
‫م‬
‫ن عَ ْ ا‬
‫ي‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫قَ ْومًا غَ ْيَ ُك ْا‬
‫م‬
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‫ن أ َ ْه ِلا‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫ِمن ْ ُه ْما‬
‫يَن ْ ِحتُ ْو َان‬
‫ن َخ ْ ِا‬
‫ي‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫اَنْعَ ْﻤ َ ا‬
‫ت‬
‫ِم ْن ِغلا‬
‫أ‬
‫ه‬
‫ح‬
‫خ‬
‫ع‬
‫غ‬
‫ْنا‬
IQLAAB or QALB
Iqlaab means to change.
When ‘nun sakin’
sakin’
َ‫ْان‬
‫ْنا‬
or a letter with tanween is followed by the letter
or ‘tanween’ will be changed into the letter ‘meem’
‫ب‬, then the ‘nun
‫م‬
The ‘meem’ will be recited with a nasal sound (ghunna) – the ghunna will be held for two
counts. In some books, a small
‫ م‬will be written over the ‘nun’ as a reminder of its
pronunciation. This was described briefly in Q Read 1 under ‘qalb’.
‫م‬
‫َا‬
‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
or
‫ْنا‬
will change
‫ب‬
+ (tanween)
‫َا‬
‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
‫ْنا‬
Practice reading the following words:
‫ُتنْبِ ُتا‬
‫ن َ ْفسا َا بِﻤَا‬
ِ
ِ
‫ثا‬
‫ع‬
‫ب‬
‫ن‬
‫ذ‬
ْ
َ ََ ‫ا‬
‫ُتنْبِ ُتا‬
‫ن َ ْفسا بِﻤَا‬
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ِ
ِ
‫ثا‬
‫ع‬
‫ب‬
‫ن‬
‫ا‬
‫ذ‬
ْ
َ ََ ‫ا‬
Page 35
Practice reading the following ayaat. In some, the small ‫ م‬has not been put. Try and identify:
o ‫َواٰيٰتِها يُ ْؤ ِمنُ ْو َنا‬
o ‫اص ُد ْو ِار‬
ُ
‫ے َح ِديْثا َا بَعْ َاد ٰ ِا‬
‫فَبِا َ ِ ا‬
‫اّلل‬
‫َو ُه َاو عَلِيْما َا بِ َذ ِ ا‬
‫ات‬
o ‫اح بَعْ َاد ُه َنا‬
‫لَي ْ َسا عَلَي ْ ُك ْما َو َلا عَلَي ْ ِه ْما ُجن َ ا‬
Page 36
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IKHFAA
Ikhfaa means to hide or cover.
When ‘nun sakin’
‫ْنا‬
or a letter with tanween is followed by any of the 15 letters not
included in those of idhgham, idh-haar or iqlaab , then the ‘nun sakin’
‫ْنا‬
or ‘tanween’
will be pronounced with a light nasal sound or ghunna – the ghunna will be held for two
counts.
The ‘nun sakin’
it is hidden.
‫ ْنا‬is there but will not be pronounced fully or heavily, it is pronounced as if
The 15 letters of ikhfaa are
‫سش‬
‫ج د ذ‬
‫ت ث‬
‫صض طظ‬
‫ف ق ك‬
hidden sound of
‫ْنا‬
15 ikhfaa letters + (tanween)
‫َا‬
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‫َا‬
ًَ‫ا‬
or
‫ْنا‬
Page 37
‫‪Practice reciting the following words observing a light hidden nasal sound or ghunna:‬‬
‫اَنْتُ ْما‬
‫اَن ْ َذ ْرَتَ ُ ْا‬
‫م‬
‫ن َثَ َ َرةا‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫فَن ْ ُظ ْار‬
‫َش ْﻲ اء فَ ُردُ ْو ُها‬
‫اَن ْ ُاف ِس ِه ْما‬
‫ن ْالِن ْ ِ ا‬
‫س‬
‫ِم َا‬
‫ِعن ْ َاد ٰ ِا‬
‫اّلل‬
‫َوع َ َذابا َش ِديْدا‬
‫بِرِيْحا َط ِيبَةا‬
‫ن قَب ْ ِ ا‬
‫ل‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫ن َضي ْ َفا‬
‫عَ ْ ا‬
‫ِمن ْ ُك ْا‬
‫م‬
‫ا َنْجَيْنَا‬
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‫تَ ْ ِزنيْلا‬
‫‪Page 38‬‬
EXERCISE
From the Qur’an, search for examples of nun sakin and tanween and write them in the table
below.
Idghaam
Idh-haar
Iqlaab
Ikhfaa
Practice reciting the following verses taking care to recognise and pronounce nun sakin and
tanween correctly.
o‫ي‬
‫ن ا ْْلُ ْفلِ ِح ْ َا‬
‫ل َصالِحًا فَعَ َٰٓسا ا ْاَن ي َ ُك ْو َان ِم َا‬
‫ن َوعَ ِﻤ َ ا‬
‫اب َاو ا ٰ َم َا‬
‫ن تَ َ ا‬
‫فَا َ َما َم ْا‬
ِ ‫ك ِمنا اَنْب‬
ِ‫ت‬
‫ق‬
‫ن‬
‫ق‬
‫ل‬
‫ا‬
o ‫آئهَا‬
‫ا‬
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
‫ع‬
‫ا‬
‫ص‬
‫ے‬
‫ر‬
‫ك‬
‫ا‬
‫ل‬
ْ
َ
ُ
ْ
ُ
َ
َ
َ
ُ
ْ
َ
ٰ
َ
ْ
o ‫ب َواِنَا لَها لَحٰفِظُوْ َان‬
‫ا ْاَر ِسل ْ ُاه َم اعَنَا غ َ ًدا ي َْرتَ ْاع َويَلْعَ ْ ا‬
o ‫اّلل ُح ْك ًﻤا لِقَ ْو ام ي ُ ْوقِنُ ْو َنا‬
‫ن ِم َنا ٰ ِا‬
‫َو َم ْنا ا َ ْح َس ُ ا‬
o ‫م ع َ َذابا اَلِيْما‬
‫ن َك َف ُر ْوا ِامن ْ ُه ْا‬
‫ن ال َ ِذي ْ َا‬
‫م يَنْت َ ُه ْوا عَ َﻤا ي َ ُق ْول ُ ْو َان لَي َ َﻤ َس َ ا‬
‫َواِ ْان ل َ ْا‬
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Page 39
SIMPLE SUMMARY OF THE RULES OF NUN SAKIN AND TANWEEN
Nun sakin and tanween are pronounced in one of the following ways depending on the
letter or letters that follow them
Name
Idghaam
Letters that follow
Ruling
Nun sakin will be merged into the
second letter and be pronounced
with ghunna
‫ي م و ن‬
Nun sakin will be totally omitted
and the second letter will be
pronounced with a shadda and
without ghunna
‫ر ل‬
Idh-haar
‫أ ه ح خ ع غ‬
Iqlaab
‫ب‬
‫س ش‬
‫د ذ‬
‫ت ث‬
Ikhfaa
‫ط ظ‬
Nun sakin or tanween will be
pronounced clearly without
ghunna
Nun sakin or tanween will be
changed to the letter ‘meem’ and
pronounced with ghunna
‫ج‬
Nun sakin or tanween will be
pronounced with a light nasal
sound or ghunna....as if it is
hidden
‫ص ض‬
‫ف ق ك‬
Page 40
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RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
‘Meem sakin’ is pronounced in one of the following three ways depending on the letters
that follow it:
IDGHAAM
‫م‬
IKHFAA
‫ب‬
IDH-HAAR
Any other letter besides
‫م‬
and
‫ب‬
IDGHAAM
When ‘meem sakin’
‫ ْما‬is followed by another ‘meem’ ‫( م‬accompanied by a haraka), it is
merged into it, so they become as one and pronounced with a shadda (tashdeed) indicating
the merging has taken place.
The word is pronounced with ghunna – the ghunna will be held for two counts.
Idghaam
=
(
َ‫) ُ َا اَ ِ ا‬
‫م‬
+
‫ْما‬
Recite the following words holding the ghunna for 2 counts.
ِ ٰ ‫م ِم َنا‬
‫اّللا‬
‫عَن ْ ُك ْا‬
‫عَلَي ْ ُك ْما َم ْوثِقًا‬
‫ُه ْما ِم ْنا‬
Now recite the following verses recognising the idghaam letters and observing the ghunna.
‫ن ٰ ِصرِي ْ َنا‬
‫ن َك َف َار‬
‫م َم ْا‬
‫ن َو ِمن ْ ُه ْا‬
‫ا ٰ َم َا‬
o
‫ط‬
‫ِم ْنا‬
‫َم ْا‬
‫ن‬
‫َو َما ََل ُ ْما‬
‫ن ا ْختَل َ ُف ْوا فَ ِﻤن ْ ُه ْا‬
‫م‬
‫َول ٰ ِك ِ ا‬
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Page 41
IKHFAA
When ‘meem sakin’
‫ ْما‬is followed by the letter ‘ba’ ‫ ب‬, they sound like as if the ‘meem’ is
hiding behind the ‘ba’. The ‘meem’ is concealed or hidden by the ‘ba’.
The word is pronounced with ghunna – the ghunna will be held for two counts.
Ikhfaa
=
‫ب‬
+
‫ْما‬
Now recite the following verses recognising the ikhfaa letters and observing ghunna.
‫ك ِم ْن‬
َ ِ ‫َما ََل ُ ْم بِ اذٰل‬
‫اهٰ َذا ِك ات ٰبُنَا يَن ْ ِط ُق عَلَي ْ ُك ْم بِا ْْل َ ِق ط‬
‫عِلْم قا‬
IDH-HAAR
When ‘meem sakin’
‫ ْما‬is followed by any other letter besides ‫م‬
and
‫ب‬,
the ‘meem
sakin’ is clearly pronounced without ghunna.
Idh-haar
=
26 idh-haar letters
+
‫ْما‬
Now recite the following verses recognising the Idh-haar letters
‫ضعْفًا‬
‫م ُا‬
‫م ا َاَن فِي ْ ُك ْا‬
‫م َوعَلِ َا‬
‫ّلل عَن ْ ُك ْا‬
‫ف ا ٰ ُا‬
‫َخ َف َ ا‬
‫ل َم ْري َ َا‬
‫م‬
‫م ي َ ْك ُف ُ ا‬
‫م ا َي ُ ُه ْا‬
‫م اِ اذْ يُل ْ ُق ْو َان اَقْ َل َم ُه ْا‬
‫ل َ َدي ْ ِه ْا‬
‫ط‬
‫ص‬
Page 42
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‫اَلْﺌ ٰ َنا‬
‫َو َما ُكن ْ َ ا‬
‫ت‬
QALQALA
‫ق ط ب ج د‬
‫د‬
‫ُق ْط ُبا َج ْدا‬
‘Don’t ( ) Be (
‫ ) ب‬Quick (‫ ) ق‬To (‫ ) ت‬Jump (‫’) ج‬
When any of the above 5 letters is accompanied with a sukun, an ‘echo’ sound is heard.
The rest of the letters of the alphabet do not have this quality.
Note: Care should be taken that the echoing sound does not go to the extent of forming a
fatha sound.
Remember, during recitation, when stopping or pausing on any of these letters
accompanied by either a fatha, kasra, dhamma, kasra tanween or dhamma tanween, a
sukun is applied (chapter: stopping on words) hence they will bear the quality of qalqala.
Practice reciting the following words.
o‫َما َخل َ َاق ا ا اا‬
o ‫ا ا ُُمِيْط‬
o ‫اب‬
‫ان ِعقَ ِ ا‬
‫ك َ َا‬
ِ َ‫ذ‬
o ‫ِب ْو ِج‬
ُْ ُ ‫ات ال‬
o ‫ا ََحد‬
‫َوتَ ْق َو َاها‬
‫ا َْطعَ َﻤ ُه ْما‬
‫اقَبْلِ َ ا‬
‫ك‬
‫ََيْعَل ْ ُها‬
‫اُدْ ِخ َ ا‬
‫ل‬
‫اَقْ َفا َُلَا‬
‫ن ُ ْ اطعِ ُا‬
‫م‬
‫كا‬
َ َ ‫ُسب ْ ٰحن‬
‫ا َ ْج ُر ُه ْا‬
‫م‬
‫فَقَ ْدا‬
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‫ق‬
‫ط‬
‫ب‬
‫ج‬
‫د‬
Page 43
‫‪In the passages below, Suratul Falaq & Suratul Ikhlas, identify and put the letter Q where‬‬
‫‪there is a qalqala letter.‬‬
‫ب ال ْ َفل َ ِاق ‪o‬‬
‫ل ا َ ُع ْو ُذا بِ َر ِ ا‬
‫ُق ْ ا‬
‫ن َش ِار َما َخل َ َاق ‪o‬‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫ن َش ِار غَا ِس اق اِ‬
‫َو ُم‬
‫با ‪o‬‬
‫ق‬
‫او‬
‫ذ‬
‫ا‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ف ال ْ ُعقَ ِاد ‪o‬‬
‫ت ِا‬
‫ن َش ِرا لنَ ٰفث ٰ ِ ا‬
‫َو ِم ْا‬
‫ن َش ِار َحا ِسدا اِذَا َح َس َاد ‪o‬‬
‫َو ِم ْا‬
‫ل ُه‬
‫اﷲ ا ََحدا ‪o‬‬
‫و‬
‫ُق ْ ا‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫الص َﻤ ُدا ‪o‬‬
‫َﷲ َ‬
‫ا ُ‬
‫ل َ ْم يَلِ ْد َو ل َ ْم يُ ْول َ ْاد ‪o‬‬
‫َو ل َ ْم ي َ ُك ْن ل َ ُه ُك ُفوًا ا ََح اد ‪o‬‬
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‫‪Page 44‬‬
RULES OF LAAM
‫ا َّٰللا‬
Only IN THE WORD
The laam
‫ ل‬in the word ‫ّلل‬
‫اَ ٰ ا‬
can be pronounced in two ways:
TAGHLEEDTH - With a full mouth
When a FATHA or DHAMMA appears on the letter before the word
the LAAM in the word
‫ا َّٰللا‬
‫ اَ ّٰللا‬,
is pronounced heavily with a full mouth.
ِ ٰ ‫رسو ال‬
‫اّللا‬
ُ ْ َُ
‫إ َاِن ٰ ا‬
َ‫اّلل‬
TARQEEQ - With an empty mouth
When a KASRA appears on the letter before the word
the LAAM in the word
‫ا َ ّٰللا‬,
‫ ا َّٰللا‬is pronounced lightly with an empty mouth.
‫اّللا‬
‫بَ ِ ا‬
ُٰ ‫ل‬
ِٰ ‫م‬
‫اّللا‬
‫بِ ْس ِا‬
Write down if the word is pronounced with a full or empty mouth:
ِ ٰ ‫ِذ ْك ِر‬
‫اّللا‬
‫با ا ْْلُ ْح ِس ِن ْ َا‬
‫ي‬
ُ ِ ‫اّللا ُُي‬
ُ ٰ ‫َو‬
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Page 45
RULES OF RAA
The letter ‫ ر‬rules
The letter
‫ ر‬is sometimes pronounced with tafkheem (heavy) or sometimes with tarqeeq
(light).
Some of the rules will be explained.
Raa is pronounced heavy – TAFKHEEM in the following cases:
1) Raa accompanied with a fatha or dhamma
When there is a fatha or dhamma on the letter raa, it will be pronounced with a full mouth tafkheem.
Note: Even when there is a shadda sign with a fatha or dhamma, it will be pronounced with
a full mouth - tafkheem.
‫ُر ِزقْنَا‬
‫ن َاربِ َ ا‬
‫ك‬
‫ِم ْا‬
‫ي ُها‬
ُ ْ َ‫غ‬
‫اَل َر ْْح ٰ ُ ا‬
‫ن‬
‫َر ُس ْولا‬
‫َح َر َما‬
2) Raa accompanied with a sukun
When the letter ‘raa with a sukun’ is preceded by any letter with a fatha or dhamma, it will
be pronounced with a full mouth – tafkheem
‫َو ْال َ ْر ِضا‬
‫ي َ َس ْرن ٰ ُها‬
Page 46
‫َوا َْر َسلْنَا‬
‫ُت ْر َج ُع ْو َان‬
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‫يُ ْر َج ُع ْو َنا‬
‫فَ َذ ْر ُه ْا‬
‫م‬
3) Raa accompanied with a sukun, preceded by alif or waw (long vowels)
This rule usually occurs at stops.
‫ورا‬
‫تَ ُف ُا‬
ْ ‫ = تَف‬o ‫ور‬
‫ورا‬
ْ ‫ = َك ُف‬o ‫ورا َك ُف ْورا‬
ْ ‫ = َش ُك‬o ‫َش ُك ْورا‬
4) Raa accompanied with a sukun, preceded by a letter with kasra BUT followed
by a letter of isti’laa
‫ض ط ظ ق‬
‫اس‬
‫قِ ْر َط ا‬
‫ص‬
‫ِم ْر َصادًا‬
‫خ غ‬
‫فِ ْرقَةا‬
Raa is pronounced lightly – TARQEEQ in the following cases :
1) Raa is accompanied with a kasra
Note: Even when there is a shadda sign with a kasra, it will be pronounced with an empty
mouth - tarqeeq
‫كَ ِريْما‬
‫َو ُز ِريٰتِنا‬
‫ِر ْجسا‬
‫ُم ْش ِرقِ ْ َا‬
‫ي‬
‫ا َ ْج ِر َىا‬
‫بِ ِس ْح ِرها‬
2) Raa is accompanied with a sukoon preceded by a letter with kasra
‫ِش ْربا‬
‫فِ ْرعَ ْو َنا‬
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‫يَغ ْ ِف ْار ل َ ُك ْما‬
Page 47
3) Raa accompanied with a sukun, preceded by yaa (long vowel)
This rule usually occurs at stops.
‫ = َم ِصيْا‬o ‫ي‬
‫= َخبِياْ َم ِص ْ ُا‬
o
‫ي‬
‫َخبِ ْ ا‬
‫ = قَ ِدي ْرا‬o ‫قَ ِدي ْ ار‬
In general, the letter raa is pronounced:
Heavy (tafkheem): when accompanied by fatha, dhamma, sukun or when
preceded by a letter accompanied with fatha, dhamma, long vowel alif and long
vowel waw
Light (tarqeeq): when accompanied by kasra, sukun or preceded by a letter
accompanied with kasra and long vowel yaa
Page 48
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Q Read
A step by step guide to learning how to Understanding Tajweed
Book 2
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