Types of Information systems
Transcription
Types of Information systems
8/1/11 Managing Data: Information Systems System Categories Behind the Scenes: Types of Information Systems • Information systems – Software-based solutions used to gather and analyze information • Functions performed by information systems include – Acquiring data – Processing data into information – Storing data – Providing output options Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Computer Information Systems Categories • Transaction processing system (TPS) • Management information system (MIS) • Decision support system (DSS) • Executive support system (ESS) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Transaction Processing Systems TPS • Tracks basic accounting activities and business operations • Creates databases from routine operations • Also called data processing systems (DPS) • Office support system (OSS) or office automation system (OAS) • Knowledge work system (KWS) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Transaction Processing Systems TPS • Records everyday business activities • Batch processing • Real-time processing Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Accounting Activities TPS • Sales order processing • Accounts receivable • Inventory control " Accounts payable " Payroll " General ledger Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 8/1/11 Management Information Systems MIS • Uses captured databases • Produces standardized reports • Integrates data across organization function areas Management Information Systems MIS • Provide timely and accurate information for managers in making business decisions • Periodic report: – Details of transactions that occur during a period of time • Exception report: – Show unusual conditions • Demand report: – Consolidate detailed data Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8/1/11 Management Information Systems MIS • Common Standardize Report Categories – Periodic – weekly, monthly, quarterly – Exception – unusual good or bad events – Demand –reoccurring, but upon request statistics Decision Support Systems DSS • Help managers develop solutions for specific non-recurring problems Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Decision Support Systems DSS • Unanticipated (non-recurring) questions – Different from transaction process system and management information systems – Analysis tool for helping provide answers to nonrecurring problems Decision Support Systems DSS • Enables managers to get answers to unexpected, unstructured problems • Analyzes data for decision makers • Group decision support system (GDSS) – Collectively supports DSS – Addresses large problems Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2 8/1/11 Components DSS • User – Decision-makers who analyze unanticipated situations • System software – Easy to use operating system • Data – Internal & external • Decision models – analytical capabilities Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Decision Models DSS " Strategic " Top-level managers--long-range planning " Tactical " Middle managers--control work of organization Data DSS • DSS System Software – Internal databases • Sales Forecasting • Summaries, Budgets – External data • Trade, Government • Economics • Census Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Model Management Systems • Software that assists in building management models in DSS • Can be built to describe any business situation • Typically contain financial and statistical analysis tools " Operational " Lower-level managers-evaluating day-to-day activities Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Executive Support Systems ESS • Designed specifically for top management • Consists of sophisticated software • Accesses the organization's performance data Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Executive Support Systems ESS • Designed for top management • Ease of use – Condensed text and graphics • Compare the company’s performance to external competitive data Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 8/1/11 Three Levels of Information Systems Office Support/Automation Systems OSS/OAS Knowledge Work Systems KWS • Assist other employees in day-to-day tasks • Improve organization communications • Considered information workers Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Office Support/Automation Systems Knowledge Work Systems KWS OSS/OAS • Data workers – Secretaries – Clerks – Entry Specialists • Office support or automation systems (OSSs or OASs) – Project managers – Video conferencing systems, voice messaging, email • Support of individuals, management and functions • Knowledge workers – Engineers – Scientists – Designers • Knowledge work systems (KWSs) – Use specialized systems – CAD/CAM by engineers – Creative illustration, landscaping • Support of individuals, management and functions – Knowledge workers – Data workers • Create new information • Specialized, research and development information • Distribute and communicate • Managing and scheduling documents Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8/1/11 Computer-Based Information Systems Office support/ automation systems (OSS/OAS) Knowledge work systems (KWS) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8/1/11 Enterprise Resource Planning Information Systems • Integrates multiple data sources • Enables smooth flow of information • Allows information to be used across multiple function areas of an enterprise • Accumulates information in central locations Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4 8/1/11 FAQs • What is an information system and what types of information systems are used in business? • Which information system produces standardized or summarized, structured reports? • What system is used for solving unanticipated decisions? • Which system would be used by a company CEO? Participation Question Decision support systems (DSS) are used for solving ________ problems and producing analysis reports. A. routine B. transaction C. industry-trend D. structured E. unstructured Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Discussion Questions • Define the following terms - TPS, MIS, DSS, ESS, OAS and KWS. • Describe all of the information systems listed above. • What is the purpose of a transaction processing system? • What do knowledge workers do? Participation Question Which information system is for producing standardize reports from the internal databases? A. Transaction processing systems (TPS) B. Management information system (MIS) C. Decision support systems (DSS) D. Executive support systems (ESS) E. Knowledge work systems (KWS) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5