A construção da legislação japonesa para desastres de sedimentos

A construção da legislação japonesa
para desastres de sedimentos
Workshop: Expansão Urbana
Ministério das Cidades
1
Regional temperature and rainfall record
(English)
１．Location
North latitude 20 °～45 °
Johetsu-shi
２．Meteorological condition
typhoons and heavy rains and snow,
３．The annual precipitation
Tokyo ：
Tokyo
1,405mm.
Owase, ： 4,002mm
Johetsu-shi ：2,880mm
(of which one-half is snow)
Owase
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Causes of Sediment-related disasters
① Torrential rain by typhoons, etc.
(English)
Debris flow by torrential rain
caused by the rainy front
Slope failure
(Yamaguchi prefecture, July
(2009)
Debris flow (including drift wood disasters)
Landslide
② Volcanic activities
Lava flow
Pyroclastic flow
Volcanic debris flow
Collapse of volcanic edifice
Volcano eruption in
Sakurajima Island
(Oct. 2009)
③ Earthquake
Collapse of volcanic edifice
Collapse of landslide dam
Torrential rain disaster
Collapse of volcanic edifice
Landslide dam formed by
Earthquake in Miyagi
prefecture
(June. 2008)
3
(English)
Landslides and debris flows in Japan
~1000 cases per year in Japan.
Landslides and debris flows occupy ~40% of
dead and missing by natural disaster in Japan.
Landslides and
debris flows
42%
Others 58%
Average (1967-2007)
except dead and missing by Kobe
Earthquake
4
(Portuguese)
Aumento das grandes chuvas nos últimos 10 anos
1. Ocorrências de precipitação acima de 50mm/h (por 1000 localidades)
2001 a 2012
（回/年）
Vezes/ ano
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Média 229 vezes
1989 a 2000
Média 202 vezes
360
331
1976 a 1988
295
Média 176 vezes
157
140
157
110
112
103
S
196
174182
178
159
132
156
254
243
207
190
188
186
170
147
245
230
225
222
275282
275
256
251
209
194
169
95
H
51525354555657585960616263 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
2. Ocorrências de precipitação acima de 100mm/h (por 1000 localidades)
Vezes/ano
2001 a 2012
10
Média 3.2 vezes
1989 a 2000
Média 2.4 vezes
1976 a 1988
Média 2.2 vezes
7
7
6
5
5
5
5
4
3
2
1
0
S
2
1
2
2
1
0
3
3
3
2
1
0
5
5
4
3
0
5
2
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
H
51525354555657585960616263 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
Dados da Agência
Ocorrências recentes de desastres de sedimentos
Ocorrências de desastres de sedimentos
3000
Desliza-
Fluxo de
detritos
土石流
2537
Desmoro-
地すべり
mentos
がけ崩れ
namentos
2500
2000
1500
Nos últimos 10
anos (2003-2012)
Média de 1.180
1422
1441
1058
966
897
1000
1128
814
837
695
539
500
0
H14
H15
H16
H17
H18
H19
H20
H21
H22
H23
H24
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008 2009
2010
2011
2012
Mortos e
desaparecidos
4
23
62
30
25
0
20
22
11
85
24
Ocorrências de desastres de sedimentos: dados de 31/12/2012
Desastres de sedimentos causados por chuvas fortes
Desastre do Tufão Nº12（09/2011）
【Local】Nachikatsuura, Província de Wakayama
【Vítimas】 21 Mortos 21, 1 Desaparecido
Observatório Ichinono
Precipitação máx. 123mm/h
Total 821mm
Desastres de sedimentos causados por chuvas fortes
Fluxo de detritos do Lago Tazawa（08/2013）
【Local】Semboku, Província de Akita
【Vítimas】 6 Mortos
Precipitação máx. 74mm/h
Total 272mm
Desastres de sedimentos por vulcões
Kirisimayama（Shinmoedake）2011
Unzen Fugen 1990
Ocorrência de vários fluxos piroclásticos,
de detritos e de lama
43 mortos e desaparecidos
Desastres de sedimentos por terremotos
Terremoto continental Iwate/Miyagi, 2008
Terremoto Touhoku no Pacífico em 2011
Grande interrupção
no curso do rio
Área afetada
Grande deslizamento
(English)
Minimization of sediment disaster damage
① Measures in hard aspect to protect human lives and to conserve assets「facility construction」
② Measures in soft aspect to protect human lives through evacuation「evacuation for precaution」
③ Measures in soft aspect to regulate new residential area development at sediment disaster
danger spot「land usage regulation」
Protect human lives/
Conserve assets
・Sabo work (Sabo embankment, protect mountain stream)
・construction to prevent landslide
(Drainage work, shaft pile work)
・construction to prevent steep-slope land avalanche
(Retaining wall, anchor work with concrete trams)
Protect human
lives
measure in
hard aspect
[facility construction]
Development
regulation
Based on Sediment Disaster Prevention Law
・specify alert area against sediment disaster
・drawing up of hazard maps of sediment disaster
・Develop information system
・In cooperation with Meteorological office
Measure in
Soft aspect
[evacuation for
Precaution]
Measure in
Soft aspect
[land usage regulation]
Based on Sediment Disaster Prevention Law
・specify special alert area
・regulate development activities,
construction regulation, etc
・urge housing transfer from special
alert area
Drawing up sediment disaster alert
system, etc
11
Implementation of hardware measures
(English)
Oguni Town, Kumamoto
Tateyama, Toyama
National land conservation
Landslide measures
至東京
To
Tokyo
Debris flow measures
Slope failure measures
地すべり
Landslide
東海道本線
Tokaido
Main Line
Tomei
東名高速道路
Expressway
至静岡
To Shizuoka
国道１号1
Route
Yui, Shizuoka
Usuki City, Oita
12
4Leis relacionadas aos desastres de sedimentos
Ponto de origem do
desastre de sedimentos
Lei Sabo
Lei de prevenção
de deslizamentos
Lei de encostas
íngremes
Medidas estruturais
○Obras Sabo
○Obras de prevenção de
deslizamentos
○Obras de prevenção de rupturas
de encostas íngremes
Medidas não-estruturais
Limita ações de extração de terra e
pedras
Área
de
risco
de
desastre de sedimentos
Lei de prevenção de
desastres de sedimentos
Medidas não-estruturais
○ Estrutura sistemas de alerta e
evacuação
○Limitar ações de desenvolvimento
○Limitar estruturas de construções
○Recomendar remoção e outros
Legal System for Measures Dealing with Sediment Disasters
English
Erosion Control Act
(enacted in 1897)
Landslide
Prevention Act
(enacted in 1958)
Act on the Prevention
of Disasters cause by
Failed Steep Slopes
(enacted in 1969)
Sediment Disaster
Prevention Act
(enacted in 2000)
 Preventing sediment
disasters by prohibiting
and restricting harmful
acts on blighted
mountains, control of
sediment yields, damming
and adjustment of
discharged sediment
 Enacted to newly
promote measures for
landslides around cities
uncovered by the Erosion
Control Act
 Enacted in accordance
with public opinion asking
for the promotion of
prompt slope failure
prevention measures
* Due to the landslide
disaster which claimed
casualties in west Kyusyu
region in July, 1957
* Due to frequent damage
from failed slopes by
localized heavy rain in
Nagasaki, Saga, Hiroshima,
Hyogo (July), Niigata,
Toyama (Aug.) and
Wakayama (Oct.) in 1962
 Newly enacted after the
strong recognition of the
need of nonstructural
measures, such as
notification of areas where
sediment disasters are
anticipated, improving the
system of evacuation
warnings, restriction on
the development and
strengthening of building
safety, etc.
* Law aimed at “erosion
control to control floods”
Prevention of events
blocking normal river flow
 Implement limitedly in
areas where sediment
disasters and slope failures
occur based on “the
Erosion Control Act”
 Separates sediment
disaster prevention
measures from erosion
control
Structural measures
 Separates slope failure
prevention measures form
erosion control/landslide
prevention measures
* Due to slope failures and
debris flow disasters in
Hiroshima and Kure City in
June, 1999
 Completing nonstructural
measures for sediment
disasters
Nonstructural
measures
14
Número de pontos com risco de ruptura de encosta íngreme e preparação das instalações
pontos
Pontos de risco de ruptura de encosta íngreme
Áreas com mais de 5 casas, altura superior a 5m e inclinação superior a 30o
Pontos com instalações preparadas (Pontos
preparados por obras de contenção de ruptura)
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
Variação orçamentária de despesas com projetos Sabo
■Gráfico da variação geral orçamentária
（100 milhões de ienes）
6.000
■Nacional
■Províncias
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
1.000
0
H7
H8
1995
1996
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15 2004
H16 2005
H17 2006
H18
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
H19 2008
H20 2009
H21 2010
H22
2007
H23 2012
H24
2011
Expanding Urbanization and Sediment Disasters
○ Random sprawling of urbanized areas is rapidly increasing the risk of sediment disaster.
Present situation of residential development (example of Saeki-ku, Hiroshima city)
●
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1966
There are ４ steep slope failure
locations.
1974
hazard
1986
1999
The number of steep slope failure hazard
locations increased to ２４.
Debris flow and Slope failure disasters that destroyed the residential area that extended to the mountain foot
because of residential development
(Disasters in Hiroshima city by the torrential rain at the end of June 1999).
17
(English)
Procedure of Inacting Sediment Disasters Prevention Act (1)
29Jun.1999 Occurrence of sediment disaster in Hiroshima Prefecture
(Numbers of sediment disaster occurrence;325, the dead;31
08Jul.1999 The Ministry of Construction Promotion Headquarters for disaster
management of National Land was held and the establishment of ‘’The
Project Team for Comprehensive Sediment Disasters’’ was determined.
25Nov.1999 The first meeting of The River Council ‘’The state of law for comprehensive
countermeasures against Sediment Disasters’’ was held.
The meeting were held 5 times intermittently.
04Feb.2000 The River Council submitted the report to the Minister of Construction.
14Mar.2000 The draft of ‘’Law related to Promotion of Measures for Sediment-related
Disaster Prevention in a Restricted Area etc. due to Sediment-related
Disaster’’ was adopted upon a cabinet decision.
(The draft was submitted to the 147th Diet.)
Procedure of Making Sediment Disasters Prevention Act(2)
18Apr.2000 The law was approved unanimously in the House of Councilors.
27Apr.2000 The law was approved unanimously in the House of Representative.
08May2000 ‘’Law related to Promotion of Measures for Sediment-related Disaster
Prevention in a Restricted Area etc. due to Sediment-related Disaster’’
was promulgated.
28Mar.2001 ’’Order for enforcement of the Law related to Promotion of Measures for
Sediment-related Disaster Prevention in a Restricted Area etc. due to
Sediment-related Disaster’’ was promulgated.
01Apr.2001 ‘’Law related to Promotion of Measures for Sediment-related Disaster
Prevention in a Restricted Area etc. due to Sediment-related Disaster’’
was enforced
Significance of Sediment Disaster Prevention Act
1. Being a law to promote soft measures such as the early warning
and evacuation system, not the measures construction as hardware
measures.
2. Having paid its attention to the area that suffered damage, not the
thing which paid its attention to the source area of the sediment
disaster.
3. Being a general law in connection with a development permission
system and the building certification system
4. Being the law that expected that an administrative "effort to inform"
and "the effort to know" of inhabitants work synergistically
●Obrigado pela Atenção!
Workshop: Expansão Urbana
Ministério das Cidades
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