4 - Alpha Omega Alpha

Transcription

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T H E
P H A R O S
of Alpha Omega Alpha honor medical society
Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society
Autumn 2010
´Αξιος ώφελει̂ν τοὺς άλγου̂ντας
“Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering”
Officers and Directors at Large
Editor
President
Editor Emeritus
Associate Editor and
Managing Editor
(in memoriam)
Managing Editor
Vice President
Secretary-Treasurer
Birmingham, Alabama
Art Director and Illustrator
Designer
Editorial Board
Seattle, Washington
Lynchburg, Virginia
Medical Organization Director
Councilor Directors
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Portland, Oregon
Coordinator, Residency Initiatives
Stanford University
Student Directors
www.alphaomegaalpha.org
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[email protected]
Editorial
Endings are beginnings
Eric Pfeiffer, MD, Interim Editor
T
he smiling face of Ted Harris graced the cover
of the Summer  issue of The Pharos. The
editorial page featured a moving memorial for Ted,
penned by David Dale, former president of Alpha
Omega Alpha. The issue also contained, fortuitously
or not, my poem “Endings Are Beginnings,” written on
the occasion of my retirement from medical practice,
fifty years after seeing my first patient as a sophomore
medical student. The title of the poem, or at least the
concept, also forms the theme of this editorial for the
Autumn  issue of The Pharos. This issue marks the
transition from Ted’s stellar leadership at the helm of
the magazine to that of a yet-to-be-chosen editor, and
prompts the following thoughts:
Endings indeed are beginnings. Future issues will
feature essays, stories, tributes to Ted, and poems,
solicited by the interim editor from the distinguished
members of the editorial board of The Pharos. They
are thus a further reflection of Ted’s influence on the
stature of the magazine, and may help to point the way
for the future direction of The Pharos.
In trying to discern the major themes championed
by Ted Harris, I have seen the following:
. A sharp focus on the future of health care policy
and health care reform in this country.
. A strong commitment to the human aspects of
medical practice, illuminating the humanity of both the
patient and the practicing physician.
. Steady emphasis on the role of the arts and the
humanities in the field of medicine, executed through
the publication of poems, paintings, illustrations, current literature, and the cinema.
. Ample use of illustrations to enhance the words
carried in this magazine.
In short, Ted made The Pharos both relevant and
The Pharos/Autumn 2010
fun. Accordingly, I see the following as challenges for
the next editor of The Pharos:
. To participate in the daunting task of helping to
shape the debate about the future of health care; there
is little doubt that our current “system” of health care is
in need of reform. This goes far beyond the passage of
a piece of legislation mandating certain desirable goals
for health care to actually making health care change
come alive. It will be in operationalizing reform in
health care delivery that the real pay-off will come, not
only for the benefit of patients receiving care but also
for the benefit of the men and women delivering such
care. I think that The Pharos could play an important
catalytic role in this process.
. To never waver from emphasizing the human aspects of health care delivery.
. To continue and even to expand the role of the
arts and the art of medicine in medical practice.
To accomplish these goals, I envision an opportunity to expand the audience reached by The Pharos
from its current engaged but circumscribed readership
to a broader and more diverse audience. For I believe
that the potential for good residing in AΩA and its
journal, and the creative fertility of its readers, are
forces that can energize and even potentially redirect
the health care debate at this momentous time. The
need has never been greater. In making these statements, I am inviting spirited discussion of these ideas
through letters to the editor and discussion among the
members of both the Alpha Omega Alpha board and
The Pharos editorial board.
Finally, I want to express my appreciation to the
board of directors of Alpha Omega Alpha for giving
me the opportunity to serve as Interim Editor while
the search for a permanent new Executive Director of
AΩA and Editor of The Pharos proceeds.
1
In This
ARTICLES
Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MD
A legacy of medical education
DEPARTMENTS
1
32
Editorial
K. Tinsley Anderson
Endings are beginnings
Eric Pfeiffer, MD
4
Health policy
Cost of a life: Resource
allocation in the current health
care environment
Benson Shih-Han Hsu, MD
34
The physician at the
movies
39
Reviews and reflections
Stroke in black and white
Srijita Mukherjee
12
Peter E. Dans, MD
Extraordinary Measures
The Hurt Locker
A medical ear in the early morning
tennis group—when to advise and
what to say
Dying for Beginners
Reviewed by Jack Coulehan,
MD
On Being Certain: Believing You
Are Right Even When You’re
Not
Reviewed by John L. Wright, MD
Technological Medicine: The
Changing World of Doctors
and Patients
Reviewed by Frederic W. Platt,
MD
43
48
Letter
58
Index
Herbert Y. Reynolds, MD
Commentary
Charles M. Plotz, MD, Med ScD
Herbert L. Abrams, MD
Page 4
14
Page 14
Commemorating the
fiftieth anniversary
of a medical
landmark
Page 12
On the cover
See page 4
Issue
Attuning to equlibrium
Physician as artist, artist as physician
AΩA NEWS
Eliza C. Miller
44
Program announcements
50
Alpha Omega Alpha
members elected in
2009/2010
50
Richard L. Byyny, MD,
appointed Executive Director
of Alpha Omega Alpha
18
One simple question can
change the world
George L. Spaeth, MD
27
BACK
COVER
2010 Edward D. Harris
Professionalism Award
2009/2010 Visiting Professorships
2009/2010 Medical Student Service
Project Awards
2009/2010 Administrative Recognition
Awards
2009/2010 Volunteer Clinical Faculty
Awards
POETRY
Page 27
Page 18
11
17
25
26
29
30
Quiet Snow among the Dark
33
60
33
Adwoa
Geoffrey B. Crawford, MD
Post Chemo Treat
Henry Langhorne, MD
Wind
Sharon Maas
Echocardiogram
Paul Rousseau, MD
Hearing
Michael R. Milano, MD
Poems by Linda Cantrell
Linda Cantrell
Richard Patterson, MD
Julia Geynisman
Amanda’s Garden
Fredric L. Coe, MD
INSIDE Poppies
BACK
COVER Sara Parke
Dr. Tinsley Randlolph Harrison.
Photo courtesy of Dorothy Carpenter Medical
Archives of Wake Forest University.
4
Tinsley
Randolph
Harrison, MD
A legacy of medical education
K. Tinsley Anderson
The author is a member of the Class of 2011 at Wake
Forest University School of Medicine.
T
insley Randolph Harrison is a grand figure in the history of medicine who touched many lives through his
teaching, philosophy of education, and personal care.
He is important not only for such seminal works as Principles
of Internal Medicine, but because he reached into the future
of medicine by establishing a model of internal medicine
departments and medical education that remains largely intact today. Tinsley Harrison was destined to be a doctor. His
heritage in the medical arts prepared him to refine his skills
at several renowned institutions. After establishing himself
as a dynamic teacher, thought-provoking researcher, and remarkable physician in sixteen years at Vanderbilt University,
Harrison made the historic move to Winston-Salem to establish the Department of Internal Medicine at the newly
relocated and revamped four-year Bowman Gray School of
Medicine (BGSOM, now the Wake Forest University School
of Medicine). Harrison’s philosophy touched all aspects of
medicine at BGSOM—medical student education, intern and
resident schedules and instruction, the in- and outpatient departments, research, and more. His model of medical instruction and student integration into the workings of a hospital
shaped the future of every student’s experience and learning
at BGSOM and ultimately set a model for medical schools
everywhere.
Harrison was in born in Talledega, Alabama, on March
, , to a sixth-generation physician, William Groce
Harrison. Groce Harrison was more educated than most of his
nineteenth-century medical contemporaries, having graduated from Auburn University and studied at the University of
Nashville, with more academic instruction further afield in
later years. But his early medical education consisted mostly
of lectures from local practitioners and a few examinations.
Medical education in the United States in the later part of the
nineteenth century lacked anatomical dissections and much
of the scientific instruction like laboratory work that would
come to characterize twentieth-century medicine. Groce
Harrison recognized his educational deficiencies, and when
money and time afforded, he pursued greater knowledge in
his field. In , he enrolled in Baltimore Medical College,
his second medical school, and there learned of a new institution in the European model being set up nearby at Johns
Hopkins Hospital. At Hopkins, Groce Harrison met and befriended William Osler, the man who would come to influence
American medicine and the lives and careers of Groce and his
descendants.1p26
Groce Harrison and William Osler kept in touch throughout the years and Groce often wrote or met with Osler to ask
career advice. In one such encounter, Groce asked for counsel
about taking a chief of Medicine position in Mobile, Alabama,
and giving up general practice. After discussing the young
Harrison family’s finances, Osler instructed Groce to “get into
a small subspecialty that does not involve exposure to all kinds
of weather. Go abroad and get a year’s training, if that is all you
5
Left, Dr. Harrison as full faculty member, bottom left, 1944. Right, the Bowman Gray School of Medicine cornerstone laying ceremony: Mrs. Bess Gray Plumly, sister of the late Bowman Gray, had the honor of laying the stone. From left to right: James A. Gray, Jr.,
Smith Hagaman (Superintendent of NCBH), Bess Gray Plumly, Governor Melville Broughton, Gordon Gray, Bowman Gray, Jr., Coy C.
Carpenter. Photos courtesy Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives of Wake Forest University.
can afford. And train those boys [Groce’s sons] to be teachers
of medicine.” 1p38 Though Tinsley later said that he had no
knowledge of this encounter until after he took his first position as chairman of Medicine at BGSOM, Osler was obviously
a great influence in the Harrison household. Of his childhood,
Tinsley later noted, “I believe that learning to distinguish between the synonyms God, Jehovah, Adonai, the Lord, and Dr.
Osler are my earliest memories.” 1p2
Young Tinsley was a good student and his parents were
willing teachers. From his mother he was imbued with scripture and Shakespeare; from his father, on their long walks
together and home visits to the ailing, he learned about biology, astronomy, and certainly medicine. Tinsley’s interests
were as varied as his parents’. Groce Harrison wanted only
the best education for his son, so Tinsley applied to Harvard
College, planning to study law. He was accepted, but family
finances precluded his attending. Therefore, upon high school
graduation, he matriculated at the University of Michigan.
Osler’s and Groce’s influences were strong, however, and after
one year in Michigan Tinsley transferred to Johns Hopkins.
Unfortunately for Tinsley, Osler died in , the year Tinsley
arrived in Baltimore.1p15
Harrison’s early career was successful and notable for
the friendships he made. He spent his first two years after
medical school graduation at Peter Bent Brigham’s hospital
in Boston, returning to Johns Hopkins for his third year of
internal medicine training. Canby Robinson of Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine persuaded Harrison to take
6
up the chief resident position there in . His lifelong friend
Alfred Blalock accompanied him. Both served as junior faculty at Vanderbilt for sixteen years, arriving and leaving on
the same day.
At Vanderbilt, Harrison began his research career in
earnest, focusing primarily on heart failure and the circulatory system. In  he published Failure of the Circulation
based on his own investigations. In it he promoted the idea of
qualitative investigation instead of the descriptive methodology that had been the norm. After publishing a new edition
in , he refused to write further editions because he had
no new data to contribute. Though some of his research is
not well known, he also made advances in basic science, such
as proving that digitalis shifted potassium out of myocardial
cells. He was prolific in his sixteen years at Vanderbilt, ultimately publishing  papers in addition to Failure of the
Circulation.2
The move to Bowman Gray
When Bowman Gray died in , the former chairman
and president of R. J. Reynolds bequeathed , in stock
to Wake Forest University to convert its two-year program
to a four-year medical school in Winston-Salem. The North
Carolina Baptist Hospital was to expand from its -bed facility to  beds to serve the school and to allow the program
to grow to the more modern four-year model. Dean Coy C.
Carpenter of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine
worked tirelessly for several years to appoint faculty and
The expansion of the original medical school building in 1959 doubled the square footage of the school, adding 75,490 new square feet
of space. Photo courtesy Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives of Wake Forest University.
arrange the structure of the new school. Dr. Herbert Wells,
soon to become professor and chairman of the Department
of Physiology at Bowman Gray, suggested Tinsley Harrison’s
appointment to Dean Carpenter. Harrison seemed intrigued
when Wells proffered the idea: “I am thoroughly open minded
on the subject and the possible prospect of being able to start
from the ground up and build a department . . . second to
none.” 3
Harrison’s credentials were as strong as his desire to create
a first-rate school. Vanderbilt’s Dean W. S. Leathers had no
hesitation, except his unwillingness to lose Harrison, in recommending him to Dean Carpenter. In a letter to Carpenter,
Leathers noted: “He is a conscientious and untiring worker
and at the same time possesses a degree of brilliancy that
is unusual.” 4 But Harrison was not just an ideal physician.
Leathers also commented, “The students tell me that he has
remarkable ability as an instructor and presents his subject
enthusiastically and effectively. In other words, he possesses
marked inspirational qualities as a teacher.” 4
After being tentatively offered the position of the chair of
Medicine, Harrison and his wife visited Winston-Salem. Along
with his desire to create a department to his own liking, the
charming people the Harrisons met apparently sealed the deal.
Harrison said of Dr. Wingate Johnson, one of a few physicians
who had already committed to be on staff, “The impression he
made on me had a great deal to do with my decision to accept
the position.” 5p2 He also seemed to be swayed by the charisma
of the Gray family as well as their support of the new school.
Harrison later said of the Grays, “They indicated to me they
were behind the school and were going to stay behind it.” 5p3
Dean Carpenter’s many appointments strengthened the
fledgling school’s reputation: Dr. Camillo Antom, a worldrenowned chemist, Dr. Wingate Johnson, clinical professor of
Medicine and chief of the Private Diagnostic Clinic, and Dr.
John Williams, a well-known researcher from Johns Hopkins,
among others. Dr. Rusty Holman, chairman of the Department
of Pathology at the University of North Carolina at the time,
said of Harrison’s acceptance of the position, “Now for the first
time, I know you are going to have a first class medical school
because you’ve got Tinsley Harrison there.” 5p3
Once he decided to take the job, Harrison worked unremittingly to create his ideal department. He and Dean Carpenter
corresponded frequently in the months running up to the July
, , beginning of the school year. After one conversation
on December , , regarding plans for the school and the
department for the next few years, Dean Carpenter suggested
Harrison write him a letter summarizing the details. The next
day, Harrison wrote a twenty-five-page letter detailing the
outlines of the new department, from the minute to the grandiose. Harrison wrote,
Aim of the Department of Internal Medicine
To become the best department of internal medicine
anywhere. This should be looked on as not just a praiseworthy Utopian dream but as an attainable although difficult
objective. The velocity of progress toward this aim will
7
Dr. Harrison in 1944. Photo courtesy Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives of Wake Forest University.
naturally vary according to conditions, but the direction of
progress should not be altered under any circumstances. 6p2
In this letter, he described salaries, educational philosophy,
physical layout of the facilities, and much more. In subsequent
correspondence, Carpenter and Harrison discussed such trivia
as the style of furniture and the color of the walls. Being wily
and aware of the limited funds of the school, Harrison was
clever in his allocation of resources:
From a psychological standpoint it is probably better to
have very inadequate space for the Outpatient Department
rather than moderately inadequate space because in the
former instance the defect will be so apparent that there will
be more opportunity to obtain special grants to remedy it.7
Educational ethos
As Harrison and Carpenter discussed their plans for the
8
new Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Harrison suggested
a major change in the training of students and house staff.
Traditionally, most of the teaching in medical schools was
conducted by local practitioners who contracted with the
schools but worked in their own clinics outside of the institutions for which they taught.8 Harrison believed that proper
instruction of the trainees required considerable time from
seasoned physicians who were faculty and primarily academic.
In Nashville, he had noted the antagonism between the medical school and private practitioners; he therefore preferred
that his faculty not practice outside of the school. With great
tact, he refrained from objecting to members of his department practicing privately, but made it known that he would
not. “The indigent patients will be my patients and I was
happy with that decision and I never regretted it, because I
do not think I made a single enemy for the school during the
years I was there.” 5p5
Harrison also believed in the value of bedside teaching.
He said, “Teaching was all with patients, so patient care and
teaching were the same thing.” 5p12 He did not particularly
care for lectures and worked to make the bulk of medical
education at BGSOM patient centered. As well as focusing
on the patient, Harrison concentrated on the students and
tried to inspire them: “The purpose of clinics and lectures
will be primarily to stimulate thinking rather than to teach
facts.” 6 One tradition of his was to have several students over
to his house about once a month for dinner. After the meal,
one student would present a paper and then the group would
discuss it. Harrison apparently enjoyed baiting each side so
that each member would be so convinced of his own position
that they all pursued the subject to seek an answer or proof.
Harrison took teaching seriously, saying, “There was a close
emotional bond between teacher and student, not just an
intellectual bond and that’s the difference between education
and instruction.” 5p9
Harrison followed in the footsteps of his father and
William Osler by becoming a huge proponent of lifelong
education for both trainees and seasoned physicians. He
often ran a Monday night Clinical Pathological Conference
(CPC) in which a case was presented and first the students,
then the house staff, then a faculty member reviewed the
case and suggested their assessment, diagnoses, and plans.
Robert Morehead of Bowman Gray and a former student of
Harrison’s wrote, “Almost without exception, the CPC was
regarded as the most stimulating and informative educational
exercise conducted at the medical center.” 9 The conference
was given on Monday nights to allow regional physicians,
who sometimes came from a hundred miles away or more, to
attend. The aisles were especially packed when Harrison was
running the CPC. The CPC at Wake Forest continues to this
day, but only once a month. Unfortunately for the audience
but definitely benefiting the attending and pathologist who
give the final review, the patient and his outcome are known
to those final presenters, unlike in Harrison’s day, when the
senior staff was as blind as the students. When Harrison was
the attending presenter, he was rarely wrong but noted that
he always learned something.
Besides the CPCs, patient-centered teaching, clinical demonstrations, and only the necessary amount of lectures,
Harrison also wanted his students to be able to educate
themselves:
Our students do not finish school with enough facility in
using the library. I believe it would be a good plan if, from
the very beginning, the students were given a list of articles
to read, . . . The object of this would be to try to teach the
students that their learning must in the long-run come from
the journals rather than from textbooks.10
As students progressed from didactics to practice, Harrison
pushed upperclassmen to take on more responsibility and
learn the skills they would need in their new lives as doctors
in practice. He implemented significant changes to the fourthyear curriculum. In a letter to Dean Carpenter he wrote,
My notion would be that the fourth-year students should
have perhaps two hours a day of lectures and clinics and the
rest of the time they should act as rotating internes, having
somewhat less authority than our present internes have but
more authority than students ordinarily have.
. . . . This as I see it, is the greatest defect in medical education at present—that the boys simply wait around during
their fourth year for their interneships and don’t really work
the way they do the other years at medical school.10
To this day in virtually every medical school in the country,
fourth-year students continue to act in this capacity as subinterns, learning the day-to-day skills of practicing clinicians.
Harrison was a model for his students and colleagues. His
work ethic was impeccable and virtually unattainable by others. He tried to instill this into his students:
You owe me only one thing; I don’t care whether you go into
surgery, obstetrics or internal medicine or what, but do it
better than anybody else. That’s a feeling I still have, that my
boys must do it better than anybody else and they may have
to decide what they do, but if they don’t do it better than
anybody else, then I’ve fallen down as a teacher.5p13
His work ethic permeated his thoughts on medicine as a
profession.
I don’t believe that a -hour week is compatible with being a member of a profession. A -hour week is for a man
who has a dull job, repetitive, an assembly line sort of stuff,
or heavy labor and that’s ample because this man derives
no satisfaction from his work, he has to get his satisfaction
during his leisure time. But for a person to consider himself
a professional, which means your client, or your patient, or
a member of your congregation, or your pupil—you come
first, I come second. That’s what a professional person is.5p12
Harrison’s reasons for going to BGSOM were the personal
connections and his desire to establish a department second to
none. His reasons for leaving after two short years were multifold and might have been in part because of his unrelenting
attitude towards work. There are suggestions that disagreement about the attending faculty arrangements coupled with
Harrison’s notoriously meticulous nature led him to move to
Southwestern Medical College in Dallas in .11 However,
Harrison also noted that his feeling of responsibility to use his
expertise to help establish another school and more personal
family reasons pushed him to move on.5p24 Whatever the
truth, Southwestern Medical College was the benefactor.
BGSOM and Winston-Salem remained special places for
9
Harrison. He wrote to the members of the class of , the
last class he taught at BG,
I still look back on the period in Winston-Salem as one
of the peak periods of an academic life that has now lasted
nearly one-half century. The greatest thing about it was the
smallness of the classes which enabled me to know, personally, every one of you.12
He said Winston-Salem was
the greatest community I’ve ever lived in. . . . The people
there, the friendliness, the open-armed attitude they had
toward our faculty. I’ve never encountered this anywhere
like it was in Winston-Salem.5p25
Beyond BGSOM
Harrison achieved much in his long career. Besides his
accomplishments at Vanderbilt, his remarkable influence as
chair of Medicine at BGSOM, Southwestern Medical College,
and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, he achieved
many other eminent positions—president of the American
Society of Clinical Investigation, founder and first president of
the Southern Society of Clinical Investigation, President of the
American Heart Association, founding member of the Council
of the National Heart Institute, and recipient of the Kober
Medal, one of the greatest honors an internist can receive.2
Beyond these, his most well known contribution to medicine
is Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, first published in
 and now in its seventeenth edition. Arguably his greatest
gift to medicine is the spirit and philosophy he gave to U.S.
medical education. His forward thinking ideas still propel
BGSOM’s current curriculum for students and house officers.
His ethos of medicine still hums in the principles and objectives of American medical education and in our personal and
professional development. His words say it best, as he writes
in the introduction to the first edition of his seminal work:
No greater opportunity, responsibility, or obligation can
fall to the lot of a human being than to become a physician.
In the care of the suffering he needs technical skill, scientific
knowledge, and human understanding. He who uses these
with courage, with humility, and with wisdom will provide a
unique service for his fellow man, and will build an enduring edifice of character within himself. The physician should
ask of his destiny no more than this, he should be content
with no less. . . .
Tact, sympathy, and understanding are expected of the
physician, for the patient is no mere collection of symptoms, signs, disordered functions, damaged organs, and
disturbed emotions. He is human, fearful, and hopeful, seeking relief, help, and reassurance. To the physician, as to the
anthropologist, nothing human is strange or repulsive. The
10
misanthrope may become a smart diagnostician of organic
disease, but he can scarcely hope to succeed as a physician.
The true physician has a Shakespearean breadth of interest
in the wise and the foolish, the proud and the humble, the
stoic hero and the whining rogue. He cares for people.1p8
References
. Pittman JA Jr. Tinsley R. Harrison, M.D.: Teacher of Medicine. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy
Carpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School of
Medicine.
. Dalton ML. William Osler’s influence on the career of Tinsley Randolph Harrison. South Med J ; : –.
. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Herbert Wells of October ,
. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy
Medicine.
. Leathers WS. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of December
, . Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School of
Medicine.
. Morehead R. Oral History Interview No.  with Dr. Tinsley Harrison, interviewed by Dr. Robert Morehead, February ,
. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy
Medicine.
. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of December
, . Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School of
Medicine.
. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of December ,
. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives, Wake Forest University School of Medicine.
. Eddleman EE Jr. Tinsley Randolph Harrison: Medical investigator, physician, and educator. Clin Cardiol ; : –.
. Morehead RP. The contribution of a great man to Wake Forest University and its Bowman Gray School of Medicine—Tinsley R.
Harrison, M.D. N C Med J : : –.
. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. Coy C. Carpenter of April ,
. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy
Medicine.
. Dalton ML. The friendship and letters of Alfred Blalock and
Tinsley Harrison. Am Surg ; : –.
. Harrison TR. Letter to Dr. John R. Ausband of December ,
. Subject file: Harrison, Tinsley. Winston-Salem (NC): Dorothy
Medicine.
The author’s address is:
1409 W. 4th Street, Apartment D
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
E-mail: [email protected]
Quiet Snow among the Dark
The cold and bitter night.
Alone.
Sometimes I think about death.
And sometimes,
I yearn for something
Beyond the reason
Of my being,
And beyond
The being of my reasoning.
Alone.
I am not really
Thinking
About anything
Except the beating of my
Heart.
Geoffrey B. Crawford, MD
Dr. Crawford (AΩA, Albany Medical College, 2007) is a resident in Preventive Medicine at the University of Maryland.
His address is: 649 Washington Boulevard, Apt. A, Baltimore,
Maryland 21230. E-mail: [email protected].
Photo courtesy of the author.
The Pharos/Date
11
A medical ear in the early morning tennis group–
when to advise and what to say
Herbert Y. Reynolds, MD
The author (AΩA, University of
Virginia, 1965) is Medical Officer in
the Division of Lung Diseases at the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute of the National Institutes of
Health; Adjunct Professor of Medicine
at the Uniformed Services University
of the Health Sciences in Bethesda,
Maryland; and Professor of Medicine,
Emeritus, at the Pennsylvania State
University College of Medicine in
Hershey, Pennsylvania.
14
A
t   our early-birds group
assembles to play tennis and
talk. The exercise is invigorating and the tennis is quite good, given
some foot faulting with serving and
occasional confusion about keeping
the game’s score. Players are trim, with
bags full of rackets, and often carrying a cup of coffee or Gatorade; but a
closer look shows some with a wrist
support or a knee strap stabilizer. We
are all older. The group, numbering
about twenty-three men and women,
has been together for almost a decade
with little turnover. Most play multiple
times a week. Exercise is extolled as
the main reason for playing, but talking has increasingly crept in. It first
occurs as the group assembles in the
clubhouse, then before the warm-up,
and during court changeovers on odd
games. Conversation gets to the essence
of what is becoming more important as
the years pass along. Individuals in the
group are in academics, the professions,
and government leadership. There are
seven other physicians, two of whom are
in clinical practice; two of us volunteer
in free medical clinics.1 Thus, getting
advice or hearing opinions on a variety
of topics is an unexpected bonus provided by the group.
The interaction of our tennis group
probably mirrors the dynamics found in
other groups of collegial people doing
something together. Our group might
be similar to book discussion groups,
investment clubs, bridge tables, musical
ensembles, or just social friends. You
may find yourself in one or a number
of these group situations. My intention is to stimulate reflection about the
appropriate role for one with special
health care knowledge to assume in the
group: Just listen? Say little or nothing?
Give personal advice as appropriate?
These are not our patients, so offering
official medical advice is not the issue,
or shouldn’t be.
Court medicine
As chatting is frequent, a spectrum
of health-related topics have been presented and some actual health issues
encountered, as a few examples briefly
illustrate:
t (FOFSBM PGGUIFDVGG DPNNFOUT
may be made, such as “I worry about
the future health of my children and
grandchildren who tend to be gaining
weight and don’t exercise enough.”
t 0OFSBJTFTUIFUPQJDPGFMEFSMZQBSents with a recent significant health
event. They may require relocation,
reluctantly, to a retirement complex.
t "O FYQPTJUJPO PG B IFBMUI SFQPSU
which seems to be a rehearsal of a presentation for others, is bounced off you;
my giving some technical explanation
about the kind of imaging study done,
and correcting pronunciation of several
tests and parts of the procedure seems
appreciated.
t 8JUI B UFOOJT QBSUOFS XIP IBT B
knee meniscus tear and is awaiting arthroscopic surgery, but still wants to hit
tennis and get some exercise, the situation becomes more immediate when I
see him favoring his leg and appearing
to limp a bit. Should I offer the advice
“let’s stop and rest your knee and not
aggravate things,” or continue the tactic
of hitting balls down the middle of the
court, so he doesn’t have to move much?
t )PXFWFS B DPNQMBJOU NBZ TFFN
more urgent and force a decision. At a
court changeover, my opponent commented, “My chest feels tight and I
need to cough; I think I am wheezing.”
“I’ve had a cold for a few days; should
I worry?” Ouch. For a pulmonologist
familiar with dealing with upper respiratory infections that might settle in the
chest, perhaps this was all, and a few
questions might clarify the symptoms.
The need for a direct ear auscultation
on the chest wall, obviated by Laennec’s
invention2 that I usually carry in my
tennis bag for such a possibility but
didn’t have then, seemed excessive. But
the late sixth-decade age of my partner
made “let’s sit down awhile” seem the
better option than resuming tennis play.
Fortunately, nothing untoward subsequently happened.
Wrap up
My example is a tennis group where
friends get to know each other through
playing a sport, socializing while doing
so, and develop a comfort for picking at
each other’s expertise in the context of a
familiar environment. Candid questions
can arise and unexpected circumstances
develop; one’s medical opinion can be
sought. Other readers can extrapolate
this to similar groups you are involved
with where you develop an easy rapport with other members. As part of a
broader message, there are two things
to consider: First, physicians often get
accustomed to and even enjoy a rather
formal medical persona, as found in
the academic or clinical practice office setting with the white coat, restricted accessibility, and salutatory
“Doctor.” But playing a sport or engaging in a common activity helps strip
away the veneer of formality, making
one more approachable. Second, in
this informal atmosphere medical
questions or concerns may come
forward more easily. It is a gratifying feeling to be asked, but there
are obligations to consider. Beyond
empathy, how to respond, what to
say, and how much to get involved, are
the more difficult issues to consider. I
didn’t anticipate that medical questions
would be so intertwined with a sporting or social activity. Sometimes it is
difficult to refrain from offering advice
or comments on a suggested diagnoTJT .PSFPWFS UIF )JQQPDSBUJD 0BUI
gives some assurance that getting too
involved is not appropriate,3 but curbing
the impulse can be hard. What advice
and experience might you share about
this dilemma?
References
ï 3FZOPMET ): 'SFF NFEJDBM DMJOJDT
helping indigent patients and dealing with
emerging health care needs. Acad Med
; : –.
ð 3FZOPMET):35)-BÑOOFD.%
Clinicopathologic observations, using the
stethoscope, made chest medicine more
scientific. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc
; : –.
ñ 4JNNPOT+()JQQPDSBUFT<Dòôoñõî
B.C.]: Rational Medicine. In Doctors and
Discoveries: Lives That Created Today’s
.FEJDJOF#PTUPO)PVHIUPO.JGGMJOðîîð
–.
)FBUIFSUPO-BOF
Potomac, Maryland 20854
15
A medical ear in the early morning tennis group
Commentary
First of all, congratulations to Dr.
Reynolds for being part of a long-term
tennis group where “players are trim”
BOE iUIF UFOOJT JT RVJUF HPPEw )F JT
far ahead of my game.
The tennis, however, is just a
symbol for any group of friends who
meet regularly and include several
physicians along with a majority of
XFMMFEVDBUFE MBZ QFPQMF )PX CFTU
to respond when medical questions
arise? This can sometimes be a delicate problem.
Some time ago, in The Pharos, I
longed for a return to the Doctors’
Dining Room where physicians from
varying specialties could crossfertilize with speculative conversaUJPO 4VNNFS ðîîõ QQ ñôoñõ
5IF
Reynolds problem is quite different
since it involves predominantly lay
people in a non-professional environment.
The problems Reynolds warns of
are quite familiar to most physicians.
Casually met lay people often ask
one’s specialty and then proceed to
ask a question clearly personally related. Dermatologists in particular
are susceptible to the person in the
next airplane seat rolling up a sleeve
and asking: “Doc, what do you think
this is?” (I myself insulate myself by
declaring myself a proctologist, thus
ending the questioning.)
It is almost always more prudent,
however, in a social situation such
as described here, to avoid anything
which could be interpreted as specific
advice, positive or, worse, negative.
Always include the caveat that one
should rely on the opinion of one’s
personal physician.
In Dr. Reynolds’s enviable tennis
club there are several other physicians, so it is easy to manage a difficult question by passing it around and
creating enough multiplicity so that a
16
direct answer is avoided. In the very
rare instance in which you believe
that harm is being done, or about to
be done, it might be wise to remark
that: “I guess that if it were I with that
problem I’d get another opinion.”
Charles M. Plotz, MD, MedScD
(AΩA, State University of New York,
Downstate Medical Center)
Professor Emeritus of Medicine,
SUNY Downstate
Brooklyn, New York
I can evade questions
without help; what I need
is answers.
—John F. Kennedy
The score is -, you’re changing
sides and having a sip of water at
the net, and your tennis buddy says,
i)FSC * IBE B TMJHIUMZ FMFWBUFE 14"
then a bunch of biopsies, and now, at
the age of seventy-nine, they want to
cut out my prostate. Whaddya think?”
" WPUF PG UIBOLT UP )FSCFSU
Reynolds for articulating a question
that comes up every day across the
planet and evokes a different response
from everyone who’s asked.
We have thirty-four fellows in
our tennis group in Palo Alto, locally
known as the “Termites” because we
used to play at Terman Park. The
median age is about seventy-eight,
the range sixty-five to ninety. Each
of us plays two or three times a week
at  .
The issues that arise cover the
future of the planet, the economy,
immigration, Afghanistan, and dozens of others. The medical questions
tend to span the panoply of chronic
disease and more: osteoarthritis,
heart disease, cancer, hips, knees,
shoulders, headaches, and general
aches and pains. Should my wife
continue with mammograms each
year? My memory is going downhill: should I be worried? What will
become of the younger generation?
4PNFPOF* GPSHFU XIPBOTXFSFE
that question, “They’ll grow up and
start worrying about the younger
generation.”)
I try to respond to each and every
medical question (and a few planetary
matters) as helpfully as possible, always with a caveat: “I don’t give advice
to anyone based on partial information. I will sometimes indicate what
I would do if I were in your position.
More importantly, if this keeps bothering you, see your primary physician.” If it’s clearly a special problem, I
don’t hesitate to name a doctor whom
I consider outstanding in that area.
My buddy with the prostate cancer
had no symptoms, no palpable mass,
and a normal bone scan. I went into
some detail as to the options, the
risk/benefit of each, age and prostate
cancer, and the meaning of a PSA. I
told him that if I were in his position,
I would hold off on surgery, radiation therapy, and hormones, and enjoy his grandchildren, life in general,
and tennis in particular as central to
maintaining his good spirits and good
health. That was four years ago, and
he’s still hitting unreturnable drop
shots.
)FSCFSU-"CSBNT.%
(AΩA, State University of New York,
Downstate Medical Center, )
Professor Emeritus of Radiology,
Stanford University School of
Medicine
Palo Alto, California
Post%Chemo%Treat
Home again after chemotherapy—
low white blood count
and anemia
mandate solitude
and no virus exposure,
so she curls up
in a mohair throw
on her American Sheraton sofa
and reads a favorite,
Henry James,
fortified
with a bowl of popcorn
and a glass
of chardonnay.
Henry Langhorne, MD
Dr. Langhorne (AΩA, Tulane Medical School, 1957) is in private practice in cardiology at Cardiology Consultants in Pensacola, Florida. His address is:
1910 Seville Drive, Pensacola, Florida 32503. E-mail: [email protected].
Wind
And so it has come to you too.
The winds of
death
brushed past your door;
scraped the
paint away.
Long shreds hang helplessly
Bare wood stares through
And I, who seek to
form my life
in the shape
of a shield
against the wind
I search for paint and brush
And find none.
Sharon Maas
Ms. Maas (AΩA, West Virginia University, 2009) is a
resident in Family Medicine at Albany Medical Center.
Her address is 7 Englewood Place, Albany, New York
12203. E-mail: [email protected].
Illustration by Jim M’Guinness
The Pharos/Date
25
Echocardiogram
A caricatured performance reminiscent of an
old black and white movie
with an occasional Doppler rainbow
muscular walls thrusting with duty
valves fluttering like industrious butterflies.
Whoosh, whoosh, whoosh,
tricuspid I’m told, then pulmonic
followed by mitral and
lastly, the Grande Dame,
the aortic
like the mouth of a
puffer fish blowing human surf
without the ebb, just the flow.
Paul Rousseau, MD
Dr. Rousseau is associate professor of General Internal
Medicine and Geriatrics and medical director of the Palliative
and Supportive Care Program at the Medical University of
South Carolina. His address is: Medical University of South
Carolina, 135 Rutledge Tower, MSC 591, Charleston, South
Carolina 29425. E-mail: [email protected].
26
The Pharos/Date
One$simple$question$can$
change$the$world
George L. Spaeth, MD
The author (AΩA, Harvard Medical School, 1959) is the
Esposito Research Professor at the Wills Eye Institute and
professor of Ophthalmology at Jefferson Medical College.
M
any patients in my practice today are elderly, a
good proportion of them are comfortable from a
financial point of view, and many live in retirement
homes. The overwhelming majority previously had a productive vocation. In response to a question that is a routine part
of my history taking, specifically, “What are you doing with
your time now?” the answer is almost always, “Nothing.” Many
feel bored, and almost none are involved in activities directed
toward the well-being of others.
These individuals could be doing much that would help our
world’s needs. Other people have had a similar thought, as a
result of which there are a variety of opportunities for “retired”
individuals to be active in a constructive way.
Several months ago, I asked an eighty-five-year-old, vibrant,
well-dressed woman, “What are you doing to make the world
better?” Her response was one of stunned amazement. Why
would I possibly ask that question? The issue seemed never to
have crossed her mind. There was no answer. She immediately
started describing her visual symptoms. For the rest of the day,
I asked every patient the same question, interspersed among
other routine parts of history, such as, “Are you having any
trouble using the eye drops?” “Do you think your visual ability
is the same, better or worse than it was when I saw you last?”
and other routine and expected questions. The query, “What
are you doing to make the world better?” was presented just as
if it were a usual part of history taking.
A few people were so dumbfounded that they simply
ignored the question. Most were doing nothing that they
thought was making the world better; they justified this by
detailing the difficulties they were having in just taking care of
themselves. A small portion mentioned volunteer work such
as being “active in my church,” but on further questioning this
Illustrations by Erica Aitken
27
One simple question can change the world
involved arranging flowers, counting the money in the collection boxes, cooking for the parish get-togethers, etc.
What was certain was that none of those thirty or so patients that day were thinking beyond themselves.
I left that day discouraged. Here was a group of relatively
wealthy, intelligent, productive people who were for all practical purposes essentially ignoring the current state of the world.
The hundreds of thousands of Iraqi citizens dying as a result
of an ill-conceived and probably unnecessary war were just
too far away to be of concern, the millions of abused woman
too distant, the millions of undernourished, sick children with
no reasonable hope for things getting better just too remote.
One month later, when at the same office, I saw several of the
patients again. One told me that, as a result of the question
I had asked, she had signed up to go work with Habitat for
Humanity in New Orleans. “It was the best week I have ever
spent,” she added. Another, Mrs. B told me that she had decided to use extra land she had for a camp to which she would
invite young Palestinian and Israeli boys and girls to come
spend a month together in order to get to know each other.
Two out of thirty is a relatively low percentage, but much
higher than zero.
Most of us who live in the United States consult a physician at least once yearly. If all physicians asked, “What are
you doing to make the world better?” as a routine part of the
examination, my hunch is that it would have a significant effect on the patients, helping them to get past their fixation on
themselves and their tiny surroundings. That in itself would
probably help them to become healthier, happier people.
Probably such a question would help broaden the physicians
and their staffs, as well. Additionally, the medical profession
would come to be perceived as a group of people sincerely
concerned about the well-being of the world, as well as their
individual patients.
Let’s all take that additional thirty seconds with each patient to ask, “What are you doing to make the world better?”
Where to go to help
change the world
Action Without Borders (www.idealist.org)
American Red Cross (www.redcross.org)
America’s Promise—The Alliance for Youth
(www.americaspromise.org)
AmeriCorps (www.americorps.gov)
Elderhostel (www.elderhostel.org)
The Executive Service Corps (www.escus.org)
Experience Corps (www.experiencecorps.org)
Generations United (www.gu.org)
Habitat for Humanity (www.habitat.org)
Mentor (www.mentoring.org)
National Retiree Volunteer Coalition (www.nrvc.org)
Peace Corps (www.peacecorps.gov)
Points of Light Foundation & Volunteer Center
National Network (www.pointsoflight.org)
Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE)
(www.score.org)
Senior Corps (www.seniorcorps.org)
United Way of America (www.unitedway.org)
USA Freedom Corps (www.usafreedomcorps.gov)
Volunteer Match (www.volunteermatch.org)
Volunteers in Medicine (www.vimi.org)
Volunteers of America (www.volunteersofamerica.org)
Wills Eye Institute/Jefferson Medical College
840 Walnut Street, Suite 1110
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
28
Hearing
In seventh grade my teacher said,
“If no man hears, there is no sound.”
What of the honking goose, the howling wolf?
Does human absence still their voices, make them mute?
How like ourselves to hear a world
defined by just our presence.
Yet goose and wolf speak for themselves,
about themselves, but with an aural modesty.
They cannot dictate that their sounds, their words,
are those that only merit hearing.
Somewhere an ancient elm falls dead.
Honor its demise. Grant that it too makes a sound.
Michael R. Milano, MD
Dr. Milano (AΩA, Albany Medical College, 1964) is a psychiatrist
living and practicing in Teaneck, New Jersey. His e-mail address is:
[email protected].
Illustration by Erica Aitken
29
Poems by
Linda Cantrell
I
n my thirty-one-year career as a
pediatric hematologist/oncologist I
received many heartrending letters
and poems from patients and their
parents, but my greatest treasure
came from seven poems written in
the late s by a teenaged girl who
had acute leukemia from which she
later died. Seeing inside the mind of
a teen with a known fatal disease is a
rare and unusual gift. To be allowed
to share this is even more unique.
I have read enough in Pharos over
many years to know this is not your
usual source. Yet I guess I am searching for a way not to lose this unusual
insight from a teen. Linda gave me
permission to use her poems before
she died, and her parents welcomed
the idea.
Richard Patterson, MD
(AΩA, Wake Forest University, )
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Address reprint requests to:
Richard B. Patterson, MD
Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Medical Center Boulevard
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
Why
Oh, God
Oh, God, why are you doing this to me?
I can’t handle it, can’t you see?
You closed me out like a jammed door.
This thing you do, do it no more!
A hospital room for a home?
Something about that is cruel and wrong.
My friends, they’ll never look at me the same,
each day I live is like playing a game.
Win or lose?
What is for me?
Win
or
lose . . .
Those threats of people’s lives, please make no more.
I care too much for life to let it slip away.
Oh, God, I need you to comfort me, each and every day.
Please, tell me the reason why.
All life is important to me. I can’t sit and watch it go by.
I don’t have all the answers to these awful things.
You’ll never know how much sorrow and sadness they bring.
I’ve got too many problems hanging over me.
Dreams and visions are all that I see.
It says in the Bible you’re what we’re here for.
So think of us before you take any more.
Fighting
Don’t guess I’ll go to the prom this year.
Don’t think I can stand the glare.
Tim says that this isn’t so.
But he’s one of a kind, you know.
He says that they won’t care,
and will love me just the same.
Pity is the word—not love.
I wonder if that’s why he’s playing the
dating game.
After all, what will people say?
If he dumped my bald head and walked away.
No—think I’ll stay home.
Anyway I don’t feel all that strong.
Think I’ll get him a date with Pam.
Tell him I don’t want him around.
So he won’t feel guilty when he walks away.
Oh, God, give me a Prom someday!
Will there be another day?
To you, oh, God, that’s what I pray.
To let me live and do my best,
Tell me now, is that my test?
Or to try and make others see
how unimportant little trials can be.
They don’t mean too much to me.
I’m fighting, just to be . . .
Dreams
Lord, give me a dream tonight.
One my soul won’t have to fight.
About guys and cars and rings.
Any of those teenage things.
Tonight, dear God, don’t make me scream.
Just a plain ole staying alive dream.
Hearts Break
Mike’s passed away and Teddy’s gone.
This whole world has gone all wrong.
Parents’ hearts break and the children ache.
Up here Leukemia is just like a popular song.
You play it for a while, until you grow tired,
then you quit and tag along.
Most don’t give in or die, they really, really do try.
But it seems like everything goes wrong.
With their little bald heads and puffed out tummys.
Maybe with Jesus they’ll belong,
Me—I don’t know where I belong.
I’m just so tired of playing this song.
The Prom
Not Alone
If ever you should walk down the road alone, someday,
Know you are not that way, and nothing is wrong.
“ ’Cause you are not alone!”
You may not see me, but I am there by way of my love.
Sincere, real and pure, as we felt the sensation of touch,
I am there!
I grew in my love, just as a flower, to full blossom!
I may in the same way fade and not be there.
But my love was as beautiful as the flower!
Wise thoughts I cannot give you, to continue alone.
You’re something special, chosen, you alone, chosen by me.
Look beside you, darling, though I may not be there, I will
never be gone.
Don’t let my memory make you blind to love you have
inside to give—the love that was mine.
The love that was good—so, darling,
Want to live!
Health policy
The editors invite original articles and letters to the
editor for the Health Policy section, length  words
or fewer for articles,  words or fewer for letters.
Please send your essays to
[email protected] or to our regular mail-
ing address:  Middlefield Road, Suite , Menlo
Park, CA . E-mail submissions preferred. All essays are subject to review and editing by the editorial
board of The Pharos.
Cost of a life
Resource allocation in the current health care environment
Benson Shih-Han Hsu, MD
The author is a fellow in Pediatric
Critical Care at the University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and
Public Health.
JR
had trisomy , a chromosomal disorder affecting three
in , births. Patients with
trisomy  possess a characteristic set of
physical findings including small size,
clenched hands with overlapping fingers, short sternum, prominent occiput,
low-set ears, micrognathia, and rocker
bottom feet. For the overall trisomy 
population, a recent case series from
Japan showed fifty percent mortality
within one month and less than ten percent survival within one year.1 Cardiac
abnormalities are the primary source of
morbidity and mortality.2
JR was born with significant congenital heart disease. His cardiac anomalies
included a PDA, an ASD and a VSD
with left to right shunting. Secondary to
his cardiac lesions, he developed severe
pulmonary hypertension. The already
dismal prognosis for trisomy  became
even worse once his cardiac anomalies
were diagnosed. Nevertheless, his parents were clear that there be no limitations on care.
I met JR within the first few
weeks of his life. I was a senior
resident on the wards when
I heard that a child with
trisomy  was to be
admitted for failure
to thrive and congestive heart
32
failure. Knowing the overall poor prognosis of this condition, I wondered if his
continued medical care was appropriate—not from a perspective of futility
but from one of resource allocation. This
was the question I battled as I took care
of him over the next several years.
To have any chance for survival, JR
required repair of his cardiac defects.
A  study in the American Journal
of Cardiology reported that most trisomy  patients undergoing cardiac
repair averaged about four months old.3
JR was thus discharged home to grow
until cardiac surgery was more likely to
be successful. Unfortunately, given his
heart failure and feeding difficulties,
he suffered multiple medical setbacks
over the following eighteen months,
undergoing several operations including
gastric and duodenal tube placements,
central lines placements, and pulmonary artery banding. His postoperative
recovery was constantly fraught with
complications as he developed multiple infections and respiratory failure.
Despite the repeated setbacks, his parents maintained their resolve to not
limit his care.
I continued to care for JR as I finished
residency and began a fellowship in critical care. When he reached eighteen
months, he was finally deemed medically ready, and underwent the successful repair of his VSD and ASD. But after
over four weeks in pediatric intensive
care with multiple failed extubations,
his parents decided to withdraw care,
convinced that he had endured more
than enough suffering.
Although numerous ethics consultants discussed the futility of JR’s care,
I wondered whether his treatment was
a just use of our limited health care
resources—a topic that was rarely, or
even peripherally, discussed. No one
wanted to consider limiting care based
on an abstract view of scarce resources.
JR had been admitted over fifteen times
to the wards as well as the neonatal and
pediatric intensive care units. He underwent numerous operations and procedures. He received consultations from
more than eight separate pediatric services. He suffered countless infections and
was mechanically ventilated on several
occasions. He spent most of his life in the
hospital and the cost of his care exceeded
that of most hospitalized patients.
JR was a beautiful child who brought
happiness to his parents and family. He
was aware of his environment, withdrawing from pain, having vital sign
changes with stress, and even occasionally smiling. At the same time, JR was
one patient in a population of millions.
He had a dismal initial prognosis with
an incalculable but small chance for survival. Millions of dollars were spent on
his care. In treating patients like JR, are
we denying resources to others?
Health care economists try to quantify the best method for resource allocation. Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) is
one of the most commonly used evaluations. CEA defines the quality adjusted
life years (QALY) saved for a given cost
of intervention.4 For instance, to justify
a treatment costing  million that will
increase your life by ten years (at the
presumed normal quality of life), a year
of life must be worth at least ,.
But how much is a year of life worth? In
Great Britain, the National Institute for
Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
has determined that the national health
care system would not support any intervention costing more than ,
per one year of life.5 This decision has
led to cries of rationing.
Rationing is defined as “to distribute equitably” by the Merriam-Webster
dictionary.6 Although many dispute that
health care rationing occurs here in the
United States, Peter Singer noted in
his  New York Times article that
“health care is a scarce resource, and all
scarce resources are rationed in one way
or another.” 5 Rationing in the United
States is not based on public policy as
it is in countries such as Great Britain;
instead, our rationing is based on the
ability to pay. As Dr. Singer points out,
rationing in the United States is hidden.
With our substantial uninsured population, rationing is based on who has
insurance and who does not. Instead of
determining what appropriate care is,
we have created a class of uninsured citizens who generally do not receive any
type of health care outside of emergency
care.5 This leads to well-documented
declines in overall health outcomes.7
JR was born in the United States,
which lacks a nationalized health care
system, so considerations of cost were
not addressed in his treatment. I wondered what would have happened if he
had not had virtually unlimited health
care. Would others have benefited?
Would the money and resources have
been used to save another child who
lacked care?
Nationalized health care systems allocate resources by determining what
is appropriate before treatment starts,
allowing equitable distribution of resources. In the United States, restricting
treatment for one does not necessarily
lead to the gain of another. The resources spent or not spent on JR’s care
thus had little immediate impact on the
care for others.
After JR died, I felt comfortable in
saying that his care was necessary. As
physicians, our duty to our individual patients. Resource allocation and
rationing will be debated for years to
come as our society heads toward improving health care coverage for all.
Until then, limiting care on arguments
of allocation makes no sense, ethically
or economically.
Tenth Edition. Springfield (MA): MerriamWebster; .
. Fry-Johnson YW, Daniels EC, Levine
R, et al. Being uninsured: impact on children’s healthcare and health. Curr Opin
Pediatr ; : –.
Department of Pediatrics
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
600 Highland Avenue
H4/442 Clinical Science Center
Madison, Wisconsin 53792
[email protected]
References
. Imataka G, Nitta A, Suzumura H, et
al. Survival of trisomy  cases in Japan.
Genet Couns ; :
–.
. Bay CA, Steele
MW. Genetic Disorders
and Dysmorphic Conditions. In: Zitelli BJ, Davis
HW, editors. Atlas of
Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Fourth Edition.
Philadelphia: Mosby;
: –.
. Graham EM, Bradley SM, Shirali GS, et al.
Effectiveness of cardiac
surgery in trisomies 
and  (from the Pedi(Born on a Monday in Ghana)
atric Cardiac Care Consortium). Am J Cardiol
Golden apples on a dress two sizes too big,
; : –.
Adwoa picks at her scab(ie)s.
. Griebsch I, Coast
An illiterate girl
J, Brown J. QualityAn inaudible voice
adjusted life-years lack
Without currency to live in her bankrupt country.
quality in pediatric care:
Like a doll that was left in the rain,
a critical review of pubA drab child‘s toy—a troll
lished cost-utility studies
with a round belly but no rhinestone gem
in child health. Pediatrics
in the center to wish on, just a fleshy pink diamond
; : e–.
under the frayed edge of apples
. Singer P. Why
from which children will ripen and fall
We Must Ration Health
and return
Care. New York Times
to the red dirt from which they came.
 Jul . www.nyJulia Geynisman
times.com////
magazine/healthcare-t.
Ms. Geynisman is a third-year medical student at the University of
html. Accessed July ,
Michigan. Her address is: 1607 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan
.
48104. E-mail: [email protected].
. Merriam-Webster’s
Photo courtesy of the author.
Collegiate Dictionary.
Adwoa
33
The physician at the movies
Peter E. Dans, MD
Extraordinary Measures
Starring Harrison Ford, Brendan Fraser, Keri Russell, and
Meredith Droeger.
Directed by Tom Vaughan. Rated PG. Running time 106 minutes.
B
ased on Geeta Anand’s book The Cure1 and said to be “inspired by true events,” this film takes considerable license
with the story of John Crowley (Brendan Fraser), who quit a
high-paying job at Bristol-Myers Squibb to join a biotech company aimed at finding a cure for Pompe disease.
A form of muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease affects
about , to , children and adults worldwide. It was
discovered in  by J. C. Pompe, a Dutch pathologist who
autopsied a seven-month-old child who died of heart
disease and found the heart muscles to be filled with
glycogen.1p26 Pompe joined the Dutch Resistance at
the outset of World War II, and when the Nazis
found a secret radio transmitter in his lab,
they arrested and executed him.
The next breakthrough was by
Belgian scientist Henri Hers, who
in  discovered that patients
either lacked or were deficient in the enzyme acid alphaglucosidase (GAA), which breaks down glycogen. As a result,
glycogen builds up in muscles, the liver, heart, and other
organs, leading to progressive weakness, and respiratory and
other systemic disorders. Dr. Rochelle Hirschhorn, a professor of medicine at NYU, published a description of a portion
of the genome in . Two years later, Dutch researcher Dr.
Arnold Reuser described the rest of the genome.1p26 Efforts to
produce a suitable replacement enzyme that could be tolerated
by patients and penetrate the target cells proved elusive.
This takes us to , when Crowley’s story begins. The
film opens at the eighth birthday party of Megan Crowley
(Meredith Droeger), one of two of Crowley’s children who has
the disease. Haunted by the fact that the usual life expectancy
is nine, Crowley is unwilling to heed the doctor’s advice that
he and his wife Aileen (Keri Russell), in the absence of a cure,
should take the children home and enjoy them, and regard
death as a blessing. In real life, the afflicted children were fifteen months and seventeen days old when Crowley, a devotee
of Churchill, vowed never to quit in his search for a cure. He
began a journey of almost five years to get his children a possibly effective therapy.
Crowley, a hard-driving graduate of Georgetown’s School
Keri Russell and Diego Velazquez in Extraordinary Measures.
CBS Films/Photofest.
34
Brendan Fraser and Harrison Ford in Extraordinary Measures.
of Foreign Service, Notre Dame’s law school, and Harvard
Business School, with one year at the Naval Academy, 1p8
tracks down Dr. Robert Stonehill (Harrison Ford) a reclusive
PhD studying the disease in Nebraska. Stonehill is portrayed
as an irascible, eccentric, cocksure, workaholic with two exwives. (“Because I’m so easy to get along with.”) Over dinner,
Stonehill explains that attempts to infuse the missing enzyme
have been ineffective because it doesn’t get into the cell. When
asked to help find a cure, Stonehill says that he is just an
academic at the University of Nebraska, which pays a football
coach more than what his lab costs for a year. Finally, he agrees
to work with Crowley if he comes up with half a million dollars, and then goes off bass fishing. Crowley meets with other
Pompe families, challenging them by saying, “Do we accept
our fate and listen to these well-meaning doctors?” Still, he is
only able to raise about ,, but Stonehill agrees to work
with him because he’s “tired of begging bread crumbs from the
university while they keep my patents.” He says, “I can’t cure
your kids but I can sure make their lives better.”
Crowley and Stonehill form a love-hate partnership and
establish biotech company Priazyme (actually Novazyme),
even though Crowley is cautioned that nine out of ten such
ventures fail. When Crowley sees Stonehill’s college-aged
lab assistants, he worries that no venture capitalist will take
them seriously. Stonehill responds, “Scientists get all sensible
and careful when they get old. Young ones like risk and are
not afraid of new ideas, and you can pay them less.” There
are some harrowing setbacks such as when the electricity
goes out in the lab during a storm and they must scramble to
get a backup generator to save the precious enzyme. Finally,
Crowley, without Stonehill’s knowledge, makes a deal with
Eric Loring (Patrick Bauchau), an investor whom Stonehill had
alienated, to sell Priazyme to a larger company, Zymogen (actually Genzyme). The company gets a cash infusion and avoids
bankruptcy, while making millions for Stonehill, Crowley, and
the venture capitalists who had invested in the company.
Zymogen now has four prototype enzymes to test headto-head in what is dubbed the
“Mother of all experiments,”
consisting of  experiments
over two months with the identities of the candidate enzymes
blinded.1pp257–58 When one clear
winner surfaces (not the one
Crowley touted), it is decided
that only one will go on to human trials. Because the product is in short supply, the initial
study will involve only infants,
excluding Crowley’s children,
who are too old. Crowley first
tries to steal enzyme (actually he
thought about it but didn’t try it because of the obvious logistical and medical problems).1pp270–71 Then he works out a
sibling study with Portland Rose Hospital (actually Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia1p279 and later the University of Florida
Hospital1pp285–86) but both are nixed because of nepotism
and a conflict of interest given that Crowley is a company
executive. Finally Stonehill suggests a compromise involving
Crowley’s being terminated by the company and the study
proceeds at Portland Rose Hospital (actually at St. Peter’s
University Hospital in New Jersey under the auspices of Dr.
Debra-Lynn Day-Salvatore on January , ).1pp301–302
The film is worth seeing primarily for the acting, especially
of young Megan, who is as spunky in the movie as in real life.
It is full of scientific jargon, formulas on blackboards, and
PowerPoint presentations, presumably because the director
wanted to be sure “that the scientists acted in a way that would
be realistic to real scientists.” I’ll let you judge whether he succeeded; whatever the case, Ford’s over-the-top portrayal of
a scientist is entertaining. His performance joins the rogue’s
gallery of arrogant and abrasive cinematic scientists, including
such gems as when he refuses to cash the large buy-out check
until the experiments succeed, saying, “I don’t care about
money. I’m a scientist. I care about more important things.”
Or when, after another outburst, he walks out of an investor
meeting, telling Crowley, “Nobody is going to tell me how to
run my lab. I’m a scientist!”
As I noted, the film is highly fictionalized, so the major reason I’m glad I saw it was that it led me to read the book, which
is a very interesting and readable chronicle of the business side
of drug development, replete with biotech companies, venture
capitalists, Harvard MBAs, and an orchestrated buyout, as well
as competing patient support groups and the pressures by desperate parents trying to get life-saving drugs for their afflicted
children. In fact Crowley had to watch while precious enzyme
was sent to Italy and Spain after government-to-government
involvement, before his kids could be treated.1pp270–71
35
Besides the wrong age of the children, the actual scientist
Dr. William Canfield was a physician at the University of
Oklahoma, not the University of Nebraska, which has every
right to be upset at the cheap shots taken by the filmmakers. Whether they are or not, Oklahomans certainly resented
the way Canfield was fictionalized but Crowley was not, and
Oklahoma City and its pioneering lab were airbrushed out,
along with Canfield. Although described as being “surly” or
“shy and quirky” at times, Canfield appears to be nothing
like the arrogant cinematic portrayal.2,3 If anything, it was
Crowley who was consistently described as arrogant, irascible,
and peremptory, much of which was excused because of his
concern about his children. Actually, it was Canfield who
founded Novazyme in Oklahoma City and hired Crowley as
its CEO. Independently, Genzyme developed Myozyme (called
“special medicine” in the film) and the two other prototypes in
collaboration with Dr. Y. T. Chen at Duke University1p27 and
Dr. Reuser at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands.2
Although unfavorably portrayed in the film, it was the medical director at Genzyme, Dr. Hal Landy, who came up with
the sibling study, not Crowley or Canfield.1p272 In addition,
Genzyme let Crowley retire with a generous severance package, including coverage of  million in medical expenses
to supplement COBRA and what Bristol-Myers Squibb had
provided.1p301 All in all, not only did Crowley become wealthy
but he was treated very well by his employers, who hardly fit
the stereotype of ruthless capitalists.
Finally, the book gives a much more balanced picture of the
effects of this devastating illness on the family, especially the
older sibling and the mother who, in my opinion, is the real
heroine. She tolerated her husband’s behavior, which at one
point almost led to divorce, while being the primary caregiver
for two children on respirators, often with inadequate help until a saintly woman named Sharon Dozier became almost part
of the family. Usually I agree that the deleted scenes provided
as extras on DVDs should have been deleted, but in this case
I do not, because they show the tough times and frustration
that the family suffered through and their inclusion would
have provided a realistic counterbalance to the heroic portrait
of Crowley and the “feel-good” storyline. Still, Nina Raben, an
NIH doctor who grew up in the former Soviet Union, summarized the story best: “This is a very American story. It’s about
hope, it’s about will power, it’s about money, it’s about a belief
in happy endings.” 1p321
Oklahoman  Jan . blog.newsok.com/okccentral////
extraordinary-measures-takes-extraordinary-measures-to-rob-okcof-credit-for-scientific-breakthrough/?searched=extraordinary
measures&custom_click=search.
The Hurt Locker
Starring Jeremy Renner, Anthony Mackie, and Brian Geraghty.
Directed by Kathryn Bigelow. Rated R. Running time 130 minutes.
T
he film opens in Baghdad in , the worst period of the
Iraq war when improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were
the predominant means of killing American soldiers. The title
comes from the expression for being injured and being sent
to the “hurt locker.” The screenwriter (Mark Boal) draws on
his six-week experience as an embedded journalist with an
Jeremy Renner in the
Hurt Locker.
References
. Anand, Geeta. The Cure: How a Father Raised  Million
and Bucked the Medical Establishment in a Quest to Save His Children. New York: HarperCollins; .
. Genzyme website: Myozyme Product Information. www.genzyme.com/pompemovie/.
. Lackmeyer Steve. Extraordinary Measures takes extraordinary
measures to rob OKC of credit for scientific breakthrough. The
36
explosive ordnance disposal company (EOD). The film follows
three EOD technicians who have thirty-eight days left in their
rotation, as the filmmakers countdown each of the days.
When a radio-controlled roadside bomb is detonated,
killing the unit’s leader, Staff Sgt. Matthew Thompson (Guy
Pearce), the screenwriter plays off the Army recruiting slogan,
“Be all you can be in the Army,“ adding, “what if all you can
be is dead on the side of an Iraqi road?” The film conveys the
differing rhythms of the war, where conditions can turn from
calm to chaotic without warning. It also portrays the stress of
having to cope with sandstorms, torrid temperatures exacerbated by the need to carry heavy equipment, and especially
the difficulty in identifying enemies when every minute may
possibly be one’s last.
The major character is an intrepid EOD technician Sgt.
First Class William James (Jeremy Renner), who has defused
 bombs. Under his bed he keeps a box of parts from bombs
that nearly killed him as he was dismantling them. James is
engaged in a running conflict with Sgt. J. T. Sanborn (Anthony
Mackie), who insists on doing things by the book. The
third member of the team, Specialist Owen Eldridge (Brian
Geraghty), is a rookie who is not only introspective but not
afraid to say he is scared. He has never killed an enemy and is
put to the test when faced with that choice. As Iraqis silently
watch, Sgt. James dons his elaborate equipment and walks
down the street towards a suspected bomb vehicle. By creating
an archetypical High Noon moment, the director successfully
puts the viewer in his shoes and transfers the tension.
While defusing the bomb, James takes off the headset that
connects him with his mates in the Humvee so he can ignore
any warnings to abort the mission. On his return to the vehicle
after successfully defusing the bomb, Sanborn chews him out
for being a “hot dog.” When commanding officer Colonel Reed
(David Morse) later asks him what’s the best way to disarm a
bomb, James answers “The way you don’t die”. The Colonel
admiringly responds, “Spoken like a wild man. That’s good.”
This fits what the screenwriter intends to convey at the film’s
beginning, using a quotation from Chris Hedges’s  book,
War Is a Force that Gives Us Meaning: “The rush of battle is
a potent and often lethal addiction, for war is a drug.” While
perhaps partially true, some knowledgeable EOD veterans
have criticized the portrayal of the EOD technician as being
rather cavalier and unrepresentative.
James’s personal life is as chaotic as his military life. He
talks about having gotten a girl pregnant back home and marrying and then divorcing her, at least he thinks he divorced
her, although she is still living in the house. He’s asked how
he takes the risks. He admits that every time he goes out he
rolls the dice, but can’t explain why. His softer side is shown
in two scenes with young boys. James takes a liking to a boy
who sells black market CDs and is so enamored of soccer that
he calls himself Beckham (Christopher Sayegh). Later James
comes to believe that the boy is a suicide bomber who died
when the bomb went off prematurely. He goes off the base
at night into the heart of Baghdad to find the boy’s relatives
and barely escapes with his life. This scene is so improbable
that it detracts from the film. Later, James is shown with his
wife and their young son, trying to be a father. He tells his
son, “You love playing with all your stuffed animals. You love
your mommy and daddy. You love your pajamas. You love everything, don’t you? You know what, Buddy, as you get older,
some of the things you love might not seem so special any
more like your Jack-in-the-Box. Maybe you’ll realize it is just
a piece of tin with a stuffed animal inside. And the older you
get, the fewer things you really love, and by the time you get
to my age maybe it’s only one or two things. With me, I think
it’s one.” This attempt to humanize James while having him
confess that it’s war that he loves seems a little forced.
The only medical aspect of the film is the portrayal of a
doctor, Major John Cambridge (Christian Camargo), who
decides to go on a mission with the technicians. When asked
why, he says that going to war is a once-in-a-lifetime experience and can be fun. He also says that it will help him better
understand people like Sgt. Eldridge whom he is counseling. It
turns out that he is also very naive and when he insists on talking to a bunch of Iraqis rather than getting into the Humvee,
he is blown up.
The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards and
won for best original screenplay, best sound editing, best
sound mixing, best film editing, best film, and best director.
The latter was particularly noteworthy in that Bigelow was
the first woman to win an Oscar for directing. An interesting
bit of intrigue played out on Oscar night in that she is the exwife of director James Cameron, who was pitted against her
in both categories for Avatar, which was an enormous box
office success, whereas Hurt Locker was the lowest grossing
best picture ever.
Bigelow chose well in casting three unknown actors in the
pivotal roles. This allowed the viewer to focus on the story
rather than on a celebrity like a Clooney, a Cruise, or a Gibson.
There were two better known actors in minor roles: David
Morse and Ralph Fiennes. The latter gives a rather unconvincing performance as the head of a private British company
probably patterned on Blackwater. The film also benefited
from Bigelow’s insistence on filming in Jordan (in some cases
only a few miles from the Iraq border), where she could use
many Iraqi refugees as extras. The climatic conditions further
enhanced the film’s authenticity, especially since Bigelow did
the location shots without air-conditioned trailers or private
bathrooms, keeping everyone uncomfortably in character.
Although the film got many awards, it was not immune to
criticism. Many veterans liked the film but some cited inaccuracies. They were best expressed by Jonathan Foreman,
who was embedded with the troops for six weeks in  and
.3 He believed that The Hurt Locker was the best film yet
made about post-/ wars and praised many of the things
37
Jeremy Renner in the Hurt Locker.
that the filmmakers got right despite a low budget. However,
he noted that:
. You’d never see a single Humvee driving around Baghdad
or into the desert.
. The idea of a soldier running around town at night in a
sweatshirt and finding his way through the unmarked streets
of a neighborhood he doesn’t know was impossible.
. The whole sniper scene with the British mercenaries
was absurd.
. No EOD team would be left alone in the school or an explosion site, which happens during the film a number of times.
. The noncommissioned officers in the film would have
had to answer to officers they would meet with regularly and
not be allowed to act as Lone Rangers.
The film reminded me of the excellent  television
series starring Anthony Andrews called Danger UXB. Set
in London during the Blitz, it follows bomb squad members
whose job was to dig up and disarm unexploded bombs
(UXB). It shows how little the people knew at the time about
defusing bombs and how scant was their training and thus
how many got killed. The DVD set has a fascinating bonus
History Channel documentary entitled “Bomb Squad.” The
narrator points out that there are an average of  bombs per
year in the United States. The most famous of them were at
Columbine High School where the bombers who killed themselves hid about sixty-five bombs that had to be retrieved,
with one person killed in the process. They trace the history
38
of anarchists planting bombs in New
York City, which led to the formation of the New York Police bomb
squad in . This includes the
bombing on Wall Street protesting
the Sacco-Vanzetti verdict, which
killed and injured many; the planting of a bomb in the British Pavilion
at the  New York World’s Fair,
where two bomb squad members
were killed; the New Year’s Eve 
bombing by the Puerto Rican terrorist group FALN, which led to the
serious maiming of two detectives
whose interviews are particularly
poignant; and the  World Trade
Tower bombing,
An ex-IRA bomber discusses
what led him to plant bombs and
why he tried to warn authorities,
whereas other bombers were less
concerned with the deaths of innocent people. EOD veterans discuss
the mentality of those who take on
this risky job. One says, “We don’t want
to say we’re in it for the adrenaline rush
but that plays into it.” Another says that the typical EOD tech
is not “living on the edge” because you have to keep your composure. He added that there were “no experts, no one knows
it all, and if you ever get to that point, you’re dangerous.” The
good news is that they now have dogs and robots to try to
expedite detection and defusing of bombs, minimizing the
possibility of loss of life of the technician. There’s also a joint
Army/FBI Hazardous Devices school in Huntsville, Alabama,
that works with police departments. In short, I recommend
the film and also encourage those interested in the subject to
check out Danger UXB.
References
. Internet Movie Database web site. The Hurt Locker. www.
imdb.com/title/tt/.
. Hedges C. War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning. New York:
Random House; .
. Foreman J. The Corner: An Oscar Encounter. National Review
Online.  Mar . corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=YzlhMjgO
GEzNMYjANjhjNmQyNDRhYTgYmIMDM=.
Dr. Dans (AΩA, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 1960) is a member of The Pharos’s editorial board and
has been its film critic since 1990. His address is:
11 Hickory Hill Road
Cockeysville, Maryland 21030
David A. Bennahum, MD, and Jack Coulehan, MD, Book Review Editors
Dying for Beginners
Patrick Clary
Lost Borders Press, Big Pine, California
2006, 86 pages
Reviewed by Jack Coulehan, MD
(AΩA, University of Pittsburgh, 1969)
W
hen a palliative care physician
publishes a book of poems entitled Dying for Beginners, you’d think
most of the poetry would focus on his
clinical experience in the hospital and
hospice. Vignettes of patients and their
families, for example, or didactic poems about the value of palliative care.
After all, the title suggests a handbook
of sorts. Nonetheless, the reader soon
discovers that Patrick Clary’s Dying for
Beginners is actually a collection of vibrant poems about life and living, about
family, friends, music, loss, war, and
love. The book’s title is more evocative
than it initially appears, for it conveys
the countercultural insight that dying
is an essential part of living. We only
become fully human by coming to grips
with our own mortality. Our engagement with mortality emerges from love
and humor, as well as from pain and loss.
This is a lifelong project. Patrick Clary’s
poems speak to what he has discovered
about himself, as a beginner to his
fellow beginners.
Clary’s route to discovery traverses Death Valley,
where he undertakes a
retreat and vision
quest. In an opening poem about
this experience, he concludes, “Suddenly,
I find all my wounds are turning into
blessings.” This inversion of categories
is not an exotic, one-off event for Clary,
but a new way of looking at the world.
It’s a perspective in which events in
the poet’s life, carefully observed and
described, suddenly reveal deeper meanings that can only be expressed by metaphor or paradox. For example, in “Days
I Don’t Remember,” Clary reflects, “And
all my roads are turning into rivers.” p27
Or, in “Meditation on the Pays d’Oc,”
he observes, “Instead of dying, I cough
up a butterfly, watch it/dry its wings in
the sun.” p74 Or the essential quietism of
“That silence moving through our lives
was me” (“The Translator”).p33
The poet learned his first lessons in
dying during the Vietnam War, in which
he served as a medic with U.S. infantry
units. During “Orientation at Bien Hoa,”
he discovers,
The American whose action killed the
peasant’s son would survive.
In another place, Clary writes about
taking care of patients from earthquakeprone and war-torn El Salvador.
Yes, gentlemen
This little war here
Exists only
For one reason:
To give you all the pleasure
You can handle.p10
. . . square,
Filled with themselves, professionally
Tender on demand, but still uneasy
At your easy tenderness.p35
He is also taught how easy it is to kill
with an M rifle, which can
Put eighteen holes in
Whatever you point it at
Inside of two seconds.p11
Meanwhile, the human tragedy of
Vietnam takes place all around him. For
example, Vo Vanh Thom, a Vietnamese
peasant whose son died in an explosion
set off by a careless American soldier
who threw a match into the “firebase
dump,” observes two bodies being
loaded onto a Chinook helicopter:
Though now they lay on the floor
Of the gray Chinook together,
The man with the match would be
alive in
America tomorrow, my child dead in
Da Lat. p15
They say war is another kind of
earthquake, worse,
The real earthquake, the one that has
lasted years.p66
This earthquake can reach into your
own home,
Bind your son with wire in front of you,
cut off
His genitals and stuff the organs into
his mouth.p66
The Vietnamese peasant had lost one
of his hands in the explosion. In a different poem (“Three Variations”), Clary
calls to mind his own hands
The words “professionally tender on
demand” evoke his work in palliative
medicine, although the same words
could—and should—apply to medical
practice in general. But Clary recognizes
that the human capacity for compassion
is not inexhaustible. There will always be
a tension between the work that needs
to be done (“another pair of hands in the
emergency room” p63) and our limited
reserves of kindness and empathy.
“Five Tasks Taught by Hospice
Nurses” pp72–73 is among the most moving poems on love and death I’ve ever
read. Dedicated to the poet’s brother
who died in an accident, the poem consists of five sections, each expressing
one of the tasks of “successful” dying: say
goodbye, express forgiveness, request
forgiveness, affirm affection, and express
gratitude. In this case, Clary performs
each task in turn, as he reflects on incidents in his and his brother’s lives. The
poem speaks with clarity, dignity, and
compassion. True to the central theme
39
of Dying for Beginners, Clary affirms that
forgiveness, affection, and gratitude are
tasks for the living, as well as the dying.
He concludes,
tion of observing the mind in action.
His “you must go on, I can’t go on,
you must go on, I’ll go on,” underscores the paradoxical and philosophically irresolvable relationship
between thought and biology.p106
Now I see: living is a kind of slow
burning,
And love is what we salvage from the
fire. p73
I can think of no better way to end
this review than to quote a section of the
book’s eponymous poem, which refers to
a chaplain’s visits to a dying patient:
The engineer with end-stage cancer
lived for their visits,
not only meandering with the chaplain
through memories—
his loving marriage, work well done,
well-educated children—
he prized the weekly chance to scoff at
angels and any possibility of heaven.
His last word? “Wow!”p78
Dr. Coulehan is a Book Review Editor for
The Pharos and a member of the journal’s
editorial board. His address is:
Center for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics
HSC L3-080
State University of New York at Stony
Brook
Stony Brook, New York 11794-8335
On Being Certain: Believing
You Are Right Even When
You’re Not
Robert A. Burton
St. Martin’s Press, New York, 2008, 223
pages
Reviewed by John L. Wright, MD
(AΩA, Hahnemann Medical College,
1956)
O
n Being Certain by Robert A. Burton,
MD, former chief of Neurology at
Mt. Zion-UCSF Hospital and author of
three acclaimed works of fiction, is the
40
Finally, Burton contends that,
most enjoyable and informative nonfiction I’ve read in several years. It’s enjoyable
because the writing smoothly integrates
personal narrative, historical reference,
and anecdotes from literature and pop
culture, along with hard data from clinical
medicine and laboratory studies; informative because it sheds light on the enormous subjectivity with which we come to
our opinions and decisions. As an example
of the latter, in a discussion of the role
of DNA and its influence on the way we
think about religion, Burton, comments on
his own “idiosyncratic world-view” p105 and
his “overwhelming existential bent.” p105
He uses a personal experience from high
school to illustrate his belief that his mind
is “programmed” to shun black and white
answers for the most difficult questions.
As a high school student, Burton
worked as an usher in a San Francisco
theater that featured Samuel Beckett’s
Waiting for Godot, a play depicting the
meaninglessness of man’s existence.
Burton writes of that purely accidental
exposure,
I left the theater stunned. The resonance was unnerving, as though
Beckett had slipped inside my
head and written what I hadn’t yet
thought. Yes, this is how the world
is. The pleasure was profound and
comforting, as though I’d discovered
a kindred spirit.p106
And here again he writes
After fifty years my admiration persists. More than any other artist (or
neuroscientist), Beckett has captured
the wondrous and amusing frustra-
A stance of absolute certainty that
precludes consideration of alternative opinions has always struck me
as fundamentally wrong.pxiii
These personal revelations, and the data
presented in On Being Certain, suggest
that human beliefs span a bell-shaped
curve with aggressive conviction on one
end and dysfunctional ambiguity on the
other. However, in his enthusiasm for
Godot, Burton seems to overlook the
paralyzing stasis that the play also portrays.
In the preface, Burton states his goals
in writing the book: () “I have set out to
provide a scientific basis for challenging
our belief in certainty,” pxiv () “My goal is
to strip away the power of certainty by
exposing its involuntary roots,” pxiv and
() “To dispel the myth that we ‘know
what we know’ by conscious deliberation
. . . [by showing] how the brain creates
the involuntary sensation of ‘knowing’
and how this sensation is affected by
everything from genetic predispositions
to perceptual illusions common to all
bodily sensations.” pxiii In other words
Burton is convinced that certainty (or
the need for certainty) is a serious deterrent to problem solving
In two interesting chapters (“Neural
Network s and Modularity ” and
“Emergence”), Burton builds the foundation for a deeper understanding of
the individual neuron and its triggering
impact on the vast neural network, such
that sensory input eventually emerges
seamlessly into the conscious mind. In
discussing the neural network, he uses
the term “hidden layer,” partly I suspect to avoid the baggage carried by
such terms as “unconscious” and “subconscious.” He illustrates the “hidden
layer” with an in-depth discussion of
how amazon.com manages to digest a
consumer’s book purchases for the purpose of building a roving user-profile
that is fed back to the consumer suggesting similar books. What becomes
clear is that every sensory experience
is registered and evaluated in the “hidden layer.” Depending on its strength
and relationships, the input provokes an
appropriate response, either as thought
leading to action, or as cataloging for
future reference. However, he doesn’t
discuss yet another function that the
“hidden layer” must also have, i.e., protection from the disabling chaos that
would otherwise result from a flood of
useless or inert stimuli.
What follows logically from Burton’s
analysis of the “hidden layer” is a re-evaluation of the question of free will versus
determinism. While Samuel Johnson’s
statement, as reported by James Boswell,
that “All theory is against the freedom
of the will; all experience is for it” ()
continues to be the default opinion, I’ve
never read anything that raises the stakes
in favor of determinism more than does
On Being Certain. In the penultimate
chapter, Burton summarizes much of
what he has presented earlier, concluding that, “the free will–determinist debate is limited by its own biological
constraints.” p214
Along the way, Burton reveals, where
possible, the genetic components and
biochemical and neurological pathways
that underpin an array of clinical syndromes as a way of validating his contention that feelings of conviction, knowing,
and correctness have deep neurological roots. Among the syndromes he
discusses are blindsight, Cotard’s syndrome, addiction, mystic states and religious experience, obsessive-compulsive
disorders, cognitive dissonance, placebo
effect, and déjà vu.
At the end of the preface, Burton
gives another reason for writing this
book. He states, “The sense of inner
quiet born of acknowledging my limitations has been extraordinary; I would
like to share this with you.” pxiv I apThe Pharos/Autumn 2010
plaud this conclusion, being grateful for
having come to that experience myself.
Yet, doesn’t this bring us back to the
beginning? Think of the anxiety or repulsion a reader who insists on absolutism might experience in being pushed
toward uncertainty. After all, much of
what is going on in the “hidden layer”
(mostly the primitive areas of the brain)
has to do, it seems to me, with survival,
triggering the fight-or-flight reaction to
surprise or stress. What are the chances,
then, that this brilliantly argued treatise will change the orientation of individuals deep in the certainty region of
the certainty/ambiguity curve? Burton
writes, “The more committed we are to a
belief, the harder it is to relinquish, even
in the face of overwhelming contradictory evidence,” p12 and further, “once established, emotional habits and patterns
and expectations of behavioral rewards
are difficult to fully eradicate.” p97
Finally, as if recognizing the difficulty
in effecting a full conversion, Burton
merely hopes that people will come to
the point of saying, “I believe this or
that is right” rather than “I know it is
right.” A rather weak response for such
a strong book. But perhaps that’s all we
can hope for.
Dr. Wright is clinical professor emeritus of
Medicine at the University of Washington.
He is a published poet. His address is:
P.O. Box 761
Edmonds, Washington 98020
Technological Medicine: The
Changing World of Doctors
and Patients
Stanley Joel Reiser
Cambridge University Press, New York,
2009. 203 pages plus references.
Reviewed by Frederic W. Platt, MD
I
n the United States, we have the most
advanced medicine in history. We are
technological wizards wielding techno-
logical miracles. Yet despite our great
achievements, we often fail to connect
with our patients. What is going on?
How did we reach this point?
Stanley Joel Reiser clarifies it all. He
begins with Laennec and his invention
of a stethoscope, a wooden peg with a
longitudinal hole. Reiser notes that:
respect for female modesty and
bodily privacy required male medical attendants to refrain from modes
of examination that trespassed on
these mores. Because of this problem, Laennec rejected the use of
auscultation on the patient he was
examining.
[But] . . . he recalled . . . a well
known fact of acoustics, sounds
grow louder when they pass through
solid bodies. . .p5
After rolling up some papers he later
recalled:
being “not a little surprised and
pleased, to find that I could thereby
perceive the actions of the heart
in a manner much more clear and
distinct than . . . by the immediate
application of the ear.” p5
The wooden peg came shortly after.
Being able to learn the condition
of the human interior without having
to listen to the patient’s story, being
able to ask the patient to remain silent
while the truth was divined, was a boon
to physicians. Not only could they listen to those clicks and murmurs, those
wheezes, crackles, and bronchial breath
sounds, but they could put the patient’s
41
story on the back burner. Physicians
could get closer to their key question
and its key answer: where is the disease?
For the first time in history physicians
could learn something that the patient
could not know. Not only would the
stethoscope distance patients from their
physicians physically, but a metaphoric
space would open, a space that physicians today have difficulty bridging.
Laennec’s invention was not the first
technological step forward in medicine, nor perhaps the most important,
but today we still carry, and sometimes
use, variations on his little invention.
Nor is this the first time Reiser wrote
about the stethoscope; he discussed
it in a  book, Technology and the
Reign of Medicine. Reiser even noted
that Laennec’s teacher, Corvisart, had
translated a  monograph by Leopold
Auenbrugger, and that this translation
prompted Laennec to create the first
stethoscope.
Reiser discusses some of his favorite
technologies: the x-ray, the artificial kidney, the pressure ventilator, ultrasound,
the obstetrical forceps, and the medical
record. Would you have considered the
medical record a technological breakthrough? A mere hundred years ago few
doctors kept written records about their
patients. Our medical records have gone
through many generations since and are
now becoming computerized, to our
benefit and despair. As you consider
the history of medicine, what would get
your vote as the most important step
forward? Antibiotics? Vaccines? The
CAT and the MRI? Flexible endoscopes?
Artificial knees and hips? My favorite is
the disease theory itself. Prior to ,
The idea of balance—among the
basic constituents of the self, and of
the self with the essential elements
of the natural and social world—was
the foundation of treating illness and
preserving health.p132
42
The linkage of the external environment to health and illness is
innovatively, wisely, and elegantly
portrayed in the Hippocratic work
Airs, Waters, Places. It advised physicians . . . to consider [the patient’s]
situation, how it lies as to the winds
and the rising of the sun . . . whether
it be naked and deficient in water, or
wooded and well watered . . . and the
mode in which the inhabitants live,
and what are their pursuits.p131
Having edged into the twenty-first
century, it is difficult for us to realize
that medicine had focused on the environment, the patient’s emotional style,
and the four humors for almost 
years. But it did. Then, around ,
largely through the work of Thomas
Sydenham and his colleagues, everything changed. Sydenham thought we
should classify diseases as we do other
entities of the natural world—plants or
animals. He wrote:
Nature, in the production of disease,
is uniform and consistent; so much
so, that for the same disease in different persons the symptoms are for
the most part the same; and the self
same phenomena that you would
observe in the sickness of a Socrates
you would observe in the sickness of
a simpleton.1
From this he deduced that specific
remedies could be found to treat those
specific diseases. Aha! And what has
happened in the ensuing  years?
We have become experts at disease.
We study the causation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease. And
medical education, all eight to twelve
years of it, has become an education in
disease.
But in the process we may fail to notice that knees and elbows don’t come
into our clinic unless surrounded by a
person. We may not care to learn how
to relate to that person. And here’s the
rub. If we don’t realize that we are doctors for living persons, not injured joints
and ears, our patients may stop listening to us, fail to follow our suggestions,
and end up angry and dissatisfied. We
forget George Engel’s remark that ours
is a unique profession in which the object of our scrutiny is at the same time
scrutinizing us!
This is a fine piece of writing. Fun
to read, with an aha! on every page.
Would you have imagined that the family of obstetricians who invented the
obstetrical forceps managed to keep it
a secret for almost a century? Might
you have expected that physicians argued mightily against Laennec’s simple
wooden tube because it made them
more like mechanics and less like wise
men? That every technological step forward had both proponents and detractors? Reiser’s prose is precise, lyrical,
and entertaining. If I were asked to
name a book that clarifies the heart of
medicine, what we are really about, I
would suggest Eric Cassell’s The Nature
of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine.
But if it is the history of medicine you
are after, if you want to come to understand how we got to where we stand today and what that stance looks like, the
very best might be Stanley Joel Reiser’s
Technological Medicine: The Changing
World of Doctors and Patients.
Reference
. Sydenham T. Medical Observations
Concerning the History and Cure of Acute
Diseases. In: Latham RG, translator. The
Works of Thomas Sydenham. Volume I.
London: Sydenham Society; : .
Dr. Platt is a general internist in private
practice and clinical professor of Medicine
at the University of Colorado. His address
is:
396 Steele Street
Denver, Colorado 80206
Letter to the editor
Neither/nor
In the Spring  issue of The
Pharos (pp. –), Andrew Radu
argues that existentialism has much
to offer the suffering patient and the
treating physician, contending that this
philosophy liberates us to “create ourselves as we go along, even when faced
with suffering and death.” p33
However, despite its eloquent presentation, the approach advanced in
Radu’s essay is unconvincing. He says
early on that “existentialism advises us
to reach mutual understanding through
our different personal approaches
and to draw deeply from our subjective experiences.” p27 This statement
is not only vague, it is antithetical to
what existentialist philosophy actually argues. Jean-Paul Sartre asserted,
“Man is nothing else but that which
he makes of himself.” 1p28 This is the
supreme existentialist presupposition.
In the play No Exit, Sartre has his character Garcin declare, “Hell is—other
people!” 2p61 Why is hell other people?
Because, in any universe containing
more than one person, individual
freedom is necessarily limited.
One person can do whatever
he will, but millions of
persons cannot do the
same without infringing on each
other’s freedom. I ask Dr. Radu, exactly
how would such a worldview promote
“mutual understanding through our
different personal approaches”? p27
The author goes on to argue the
inadequacy of the Stoic and Epicurean
worldviews. I join him in his critique of
these philosophies, but I fail to see how
existentialism solves the problems attendant in Stoicism and Epicureanism.
For instance, Radu says that “the Stoic
misses the valuable lessons and profound knowledge that can be gained
only through attachment and loss.” p29
The existentialist is concerned with
how man should act in an absurd world
in which he knows he will die, and he
elevates the will over the intellect—doing over knowing. As such, existentialism has no “profound knowledge” to
offer either; it is concerned with the
will. Radu concedes as much when he
says that true knowledge is always abstract in an existentialist worldview.
Radu’s apology for existentialism
refers to universal categories such as
“people,” “human beings,” and “whole
persons.” But true existentialism denies the existence of these categories.
Sartre said, “[T]here is no human nature, because there is no God to have a
conception of it.” 1p28 Sartre unwittingly
invokes a universal called “man,” but
that contradiction aside, he definitely
affirms that there is no such thing as
human essence for the existentialist.
Radu fails to grasp this. It is fortunate
nonetheless; a consistent existentialist
would say that humanness itself carries
no attendant dignity.
Radu needs to be more critical of
existentialism. The most critical remark he makes is, “Existentialism is
often viewed as bleak,” p30 as though
such a critique is leveled from the
outside looking in. Not so. Martin
Heidegger said the human experience
consisted of being thrust into the world
arbitrarily and ultimately accepting
oneself as nothingness, a being-towarddeath.3 Sartre said that “man is . . .
forlorn, for he cannot find anything to
depend upon either within or outside
himself,” 1p34 and resigned himself to
the idea that freedom is our greatest doom. Albert Camus said the two
choices available to human beings are
an absurd, meaningless existence on
one hand, and suicide on the other.4p144
These bleak remarks come from the
existentialists themselves. Is that the
kind of worldview that should direct
the physician-patient relationship?
Ultimately, existentialism is subjective, fatalistic anti-philosophy—what
C. Everett Koop and Francis Schaeffer
called “the modern irrationalism.” 4p145
If there is a worldview that exudes
humanistic despair, it is existentialism.
We would do well to practice medicine
independent of this philosophy that
would leave us with our feet firmly
planted in mid-air.
References
. Sartre JP. Existentialism and Humanism. Mairet P, translator. London: Meuthen
& Co.; .
. Sartre JP. No Exit and The Flies.
Gilbert S, translator. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf; .
. Heidegger M. Being and Time. Stambaugh J, translator. Albany (NY): State
University of New York Press; .
. Schaeffer FA, Koop CE. Whatever
Happened to the Human Race? Old Tappan
(NJ): Fleming H. Revell Co.; .
Miles Otto Foltermann, MD
(ΑΩΑ, The University of Texas at
Houston, )
Houston, Texas
43
2010 Edward D. Harris Professionalism Award
T
he Board of Directors of Alpha Omega Alpha is pleased
to announce the winners of the  Edward D. Harris
Professionalism Award. The award emphasizes AΩA’s commitment to its belief that professionalism is a crucial facet of being a physician, a quality that can be both taught and learned.
Originally named the AΩA Professionalism Fellowship, the
award has been renamed to honor Edward D. Harris, the
longtime executive director of the society, who died in May.
Applications were open to medical schools with active AΩA
chapters. Faculty who have demonstrated personal dedication
to teaching and research in specific aspects of professionalism that could be transferred directly to medical students or
resident physicians were encouraged to apply for these funds.
The winners of the  Edward D. Harris Professionalism
Award are:
Louise Aronson, MD, MFA
Associate Clinical Professor of
Medicine, Division of Geriatrics,
University of California, San
Francisco, School of Medicine
Dr. Aronson received ,
funding for her project, “Improving
the Learning Environment for
Professionalism by Implementing
and Assessing a Faculty Development
Program on Reflection.”
Critical reflection is considered both
a core component of professionalism and a tool useful in the
promotion and assessment of professionalism. Moreover,
reflection allows both educators and learners to consider
those aspects of professionalism cited in the literature as inadequately addressed by traditional approaches to professionalism education: the informal curriculum, clinical uncertainty
and behavioral gray areas, medical system complexities, the
context and conflicts leading to unprofessional behaviors, and
the reasons students make the choices they do. Dr. Aronson’s
project is designed to improve the learning environment
for professionalism by implementing a faculty development
program on reflection and assessing its impact on educators’
knowledge and attitudes about reflection, the feedback educators give students on reflections related to the professionalism
competency, and participants’ dissemination to other core
faculty of strategies for teaching reflection.
44
C. Scott Hultman, MD, MBA,
FACS
Chief and Program Director, UNC
Plastic Surgery, Department of
Surgery at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill School of
Medicine
Dr. Hultman received , funding for his project, “Understanding and
Achieving Professionalism in a Surgical
Practice.”
Because few formal courses exist at the medical student
level to address professionalism in medicine, Dr. Hultman’s
project proposes adding an elective to the curriculum at
the UNC School of Medicine that introduces this important
concept to the senior medical student. The suggested curriculum will specifically address the conduct for surgeons in
training and in practice. The project is designed to improve
knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding professionalism, to
understand the role of professionalism in a surgical practice,
and to achieve and maintain competency in professionalism as
a health care provider.
Heather Johnston, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics,
University of Chicago Pritzker
School of Medicine
Shalini Reddy, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine,
University of Chicago Pritzker
School of Medicine
Dr. Johnston and Dr. Shalini received
, for their project, “Enhancing
Professionalism in the Developing
Doctor: The GROW (Guided Reflective
Online Writing) Project.”
Educators have struggled with the
optimal format for teaching professionalism to students, and have found
success in methods that are based on
context and experience, such as the use
of reflection to work through critical
events. Purposeful and guided reflection can help students constructively
analyze events that shed a spotlight on the principles of
professionalism that are taught versus those espoused by the
informal curriculum. The project is designed to teach and
facilitate medical students’ purposeful and guided reflections
on professionalism beginning in the first year, and to enhance
students’ self-efficacy in identifying and processing events that
impact their professional development.
2009/2010 Visiting Professorships
B
eginning in , Alpha Omega Alpha’s board of directors
offered every chapter the opportunity to host a visiting
professor. Fifty-five chapters took advantage of the opportunity during the / academic year to invite eminent
persons in American medicine to share their varied perspectives on medicine and its practice.
Following are the participating chapters, their councilors,
and their visitors.
ALABAMA
University of Alabama School of Medicine
Stephanie D. Reilly, MD, councilor
John Tooker, MD, MBA, American College of Physicians
University of South Alabama College of Medicine
T. J. Hundley, MD, FACP, councilor
Charles S. Bryan, MD, MACP, FRCP (Edin), University of South
Carolina School of Medicine
ARKANSAS
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine
C. James Graham, MD, councilor
Donald P. Levine, MD, Wayne State University School of
Medicine
CALIFORNIA
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Sarah M. Roddy, MD, councilor
Joanne M. Conroy, MD, AAMC
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
Neil H. Parker, MD, councilor
Robert Wachter, MD, University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
Steven Z. Pantilat, MD, councilor
Rita Charon, MD, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health
Sciences
Alan G. Wasserman, MD, councilor
William Magee, DDS, MD, FACS, Magee-Rosenblum Plastic
Surgery, Inc.
FLORIDA
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Alex J. Mechaber, MD, councilor
Stephen K. Klasko, MD, MBA, University of South Florida
College of Medicine
University of South Florida College of Medicine
Patricia J. Emmanuel, MD, councilor
Danielle Ofri, MD, PhD, DLitt (Hon), FACP, New York University
School of Medicine and the Bellevue Literary Press
GEORGIA
Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine
Clarence Joe, DMD, MD, councilor
Douglas Paauw, MD, University of Washington School of
Medicine
Morehouse School of Medicine
Frances J. Dunston, MD, MPH, councilor
Roger I. Glass, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health
ILLINOIS
Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
John A. Robinson, MD, councilor
Gail Hecht, MD, University of Illinois at Chicago College of
Medicine
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The Chicago
Medical School
Cathy J. Lazarus, MD, FACP, councilor
Eric Gall, MD, MACP, MACR, University of Arizona
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Andrew J. Varney, MD, councilor
Alan Birtch, MD, professor emeritus, Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine
University of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences Pritzker
School of Medicine
Holly J. Humphrey, MD, councilor
Jordan J. Cohen, MD, George Washington University School of
Medicine and Health Sciences
INDIANA
Indiana University School of Medicine
Richard B. Gunderman, MD, PhD, councilor
Mark A. Malangoni, MD, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine
IOWA
University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
Chrisopher Cooper, MD, councilor
Jay A. Rosenberger, DO, University of Iowa, Des Moines Internal
Medicine, Methodist Plaza Internal Medicine
KANSAS
University of Kansas School of Medicine
Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein, MD, councilor
Robert Rich, MD, University of Alabama School of Medicine
KENTUCKY
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Charles Griffith, MD, councilor
Ralph Jozefowicz, MD, University of Rochester School of
Medicine and Dentistry
LOUISIANA
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine
in New Orleans
Peter M. C. DeBlieux, MD, councilor
Leigh A. Neumayer, MD, University of Utah School of Medicine
Louisiana State University School of Medicine at Shreveport
Jeffrey German, MD, councilor
Douglas Levine, BA, MD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of
New York University
Tulane University School of Medicine
Russell W. Steele, MD, councilor
Ruth-Marie Fincher, MD, MACP, Medical College of Georgia
School of Medicine
MARYLAND
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Peter E. Dans, MD councilor
Fred Schiffman, MD, the Warren Alpert Medical School of
Brown University
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward
Hébert School of Medicine
Robert E. Goldstein, MD, councilor
Kenneth Prager, MD, FACP, Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
45
Visiting professorships
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Donna L. Parker, MD; Gary D. Plotnick, MD; Yvette Rooks, MD;
councilors
Joshua Sharfstein, MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
MICHIGAN
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine
E. James Potchen, MD, councilor
Alexa Canady, MD, Florida State University College of Medicine
University of Michigan Medical School
Cyril M. Grum, MD, councilor
Mary E. Tinetti, MD, Yale University School of Medicine
MISSOURI
University of Missouri—Columbia School of Medicine
Thomas Selva, MD, councilor
Thomas Inui, ScM, MD, Indiana University School of Medicine
University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine
John Foxworth, PharmD, councilor
Jeffrey G. Wiese, MD, Tulane University
NEBRASKA
Creighton University School of Medicine
William J. Hunter, MD, councilor
Steven Zweig, MD, University of Missouri—Columbia School of
Medicine
University of Nebraska College of Medicine
James R. O’Dell, MD, councilor
Gretchen Berggren, MD, Harvard School of Public Health
NEW JERSEY
UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School
Robert A. Schwartz, MD, MPH, councilor
P. K. Carlton, MD, Lt. General, U.S. Air Force
NEW YORK
Albany Medical College
Neil Lempert, MD, councilor
Gary Gottlieb, MD, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospitals
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
John C. M. Brust, MD, councilor
C. Ronald Kahn, MD, Harvard Medical School
State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center College of
Medicine
Arthur H. Wolintz, MD, councilor
Samuel Packer, MD, New York University School of Medicine
State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of
Medicine
Lynn M. Cleary, MD, councilor
L. D. Britt, MD, Eastern Virginia Medical School
Stony Brook University School of Medical
Jack Fuhrer, MD, councilor
Steven Galson, MD, MPH, Acting Surgeon General of the United
States
NORTH CAROLINA
The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Thomas G. Irons, MD, councilor
John Gianopoulos, MD, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School
of Medicine
Wake Forest University Health Sciences School of Medicine
K. Patrick Ober, MD, councilor
Jack Coulehan, MD, Stony Brook University School of Medicine
OHIO
Ohio State University College of Medicine
Sheryl Pfeil, MD, councilor
Jonathan Woodson, MD, Boston University School of Medicine
46
The University of Toledo, College of Medicine
Patricia J. Metting, PhD, councilor
John E. Billi, MD, University of Michigan Medical School
Wright State University Boonschoft School of Medicine
Linda Barney, MD, councilor
Paul Haidet, MD, MPH, Pennsylvania State University College of
Medicine
PENNSYLVANIA
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Clara A. Callahan, MD, councilor
Thomas J. Nasca, MD, MACP, ACGME
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Robert G. Atnip, MD, councilor
Russell Rose
Temple University School of Medicine
Amy Goldberg, MD, councilor
Sanjiv Chopra, MD, Harvard Medical School
PUERTO RICO
Ponce School of Medicine
Rafael Iván Iriarte, MD, councilor
Amy Hutchinson, MD, Emory University School of Medicine
University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine
Humberto Guiot, MD, councilor
Stephen Beeson, MD, Studer Group
SOUTH CAROLINA
Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine
Christopher G. Pelic, MD, councilor
Michael S. Saag, MD, University of Alabama School of Medicine
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Joshua T. Thornhill IV, MD, councilor
William P. Magee, DDS, MD, FACS, Eastern Virginia Medical
School
TENNESSEE
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine
Owen Phillips, MD, councilor
L. D. Britt, MD, MPH, Eastern Virginia Medical School
TEXAS
Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine
Mark L. Montgomery, MD, councilor
John Pierce, MD, Veterans Adminstration, U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine
Robert C. Schutt, Jr., MD, councilor
Thomas P. Lutterbie, SRA International, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia
University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas Medical
School at Galveston
Lisa R. Farmer, MD, councilor
Raymond Mis, DO, New England College of Osteopathic
Medicine
WASHINGTON
University of Washington School of Medicine
Douglas S. Paauw, MD, councilor
Serena Koenig, MD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia University School of Medicine
Melanie Fisher, MD, MSc, councilor
Nancy H. Nielsen, MD, American Medical Association
2009/2010 Medical Student Service Project Awards
B
egun in  as the Chapter of the Year award, this program was intended to recognize outstanding contributions made by an AΩA chapter. In , the program became
the AΩA Chapter Development Award, aimed at encouraging
ongoing original and creative programs being carried out by
AΩA chapters. In , the program again changed to the
AΩA Medical Student Service Project Award, available to any
student or group or students at a school with an active AΩA
chapter.
Funds of up to  per year, renewable for a second year
at  and a third year at , are available to students to
aid in the establishment or expansion of a medical student
service project benefiting a school or its local community.
One application per year per school is allowed, selected by
the school’s AΩA councilor and dean from the proposals
submitted.
Medical Student Service Projects funded by AΩA during
the / school year were:
CALIFORNIA
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California
Long Term Education of Beauticians on Tanning Beds and Its
Association with Melanoma
University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
Medical Initiative Against Homelessness (MIAH)
FLORIDA
University of Florida College of Medicine
Mobile Gator (startup costs)
ILLINOIS
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/Chicago Medical
School
STEP UP
School of Medicine
Project Brotherhood-SNMA Partnership Proposal (renewed)
School of Medicine
Pritzker Community Service Fellowship
INDIANA
Taking Root in the Community—MS Class Service Project
IOWA
Health and Nutrition Curriculum in Local Elementary Schools
LOUISIANA
in New Orleans
Patient and Visitor Library Interim Hospital in New Orleans
Covenant House: A community reproductive health center
MARYLAND
The Student Preceptor Program
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston University School of Medicine
th Annual Haitian Health Career Seminar: Emergency
Preparedness, Relief and Beyond
MICHIGAN
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Robert R. Frank Student Run Free Clinic (RRFSRFC)
MINNESOTA
Mayo Medical School
Winter Warmth Festival
MISSOURI
University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine
Second Servings
Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program
NEW YORK
Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University
The MedStart ProgramNew York Medical College
NYMC Careers in Medicine WebsiteSophie Davis School of
Biomedical Education of the City College of New York
Health Fair in Harlem (renewed)
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Cooking with the Community Volunteer
Weill Cornell Medical College
Weill Cornell Youth Scholars Program (renewed)
OHIO
Be the Change Health Fair
Wright State University Boonschoft School of Medicine
Community Collaborative Spring Food Drive
PENNSYLVANIA
Drexel University College of Medicine
Accessibility Adventure Day
Refugee Health Partners
RHODE ISLAND
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Two Channels to Cambodian Patient Advocacy: Medical Student and
Patient Education
SOUTH CAROLINA
COM Career Night
Fall Giving Tree
TENNESSEE
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Shade Tree Family Clinic—Vaccine Outreach Program
TEXAS
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of
Medicine
BEST (Breastfeeding Education and Support for Teenage Mothers)
University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas Medical
School at Galveston
Stay Shady! (renewed)
47
2009/2010 Administrative Recognition Awards
T
his award recognizes the AΩA
chapter administrators who are so
important to the functioning of the
chapter. The nomination is made by the
councilor or other officer of the chapter.
A gift check is awarded to the individual, as well as a framed Certificate of
Appreciation.
The following awards were made in
/:
ALABAMA
University of Alabama School of Medicine
Stephen Smith, PhD
GEORGIA
Dorothy Clair
ILLINOIS
University of Chicago Division of the
Biological Sciences Pritzker School of
Medicine
Kate Blythe
Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine
Kay DeFord
INDIANA
Ruth Patterson
IOWA
University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A.
Carver College of Medicine
Jeannie Panther
KANSAS
Valerie Poulson
LOUISIANA
Louisiana State University Health Sciences
Center School of Medicine in New Orleans
Bobbie Millet
MARYLAND
Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of
Medicine
Daphne Thomas
MISSOURI
University of Missouri—Columbia School of
Medicine
Suzanne Neff
NEW YORK
University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and
Biomedical Sciences, State University of
New York
Susan M. Burger
OHIO
The University of Toledo, College of Medicine
Ardella Croci
OKLAHOMA
University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
Leila M. McLean
PUERTO RICO
Universidad Central del Caribe School of
Medicine
Milagros Rodriguez
SOUTH CAROLINA
Medical University of South Carolina College
of Medicine
Mary Ann Snell
University of South Carolina School of
Medicine
Karen David
WISCONSIN
Medical College of Wisconsin
Lesley Mack
Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of a Medical Landmark
On January , , U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry
released what would become one of the most widely cited
documents in the annals of medicine: Smoking and Health—
Report of the Advisory Committee of the Surgeon General of
the Public Health Service. The findings were blunt, sobering,
and unequivocal: “Cigarette smoking is causally related to lung
cancer in men; the magnitude of the effect of cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors.”
The landmark report proved to be the catalyst for broadbased antismoking efforts in the United States and around the
globe. In the two decades following its publication, more than
 million Americans stopped smoking, resulting in a significant decline in heart attacks and a slow but steady decrease in
the incidence of lung cancer in men.
Yet cigarettes remain the most preventable cause of disability and death in the United States, killing more Americans
than AIDS, breast cancer, motor vehicle accidents, alcohol,
illegal drugs, homicides, and suicides combined.
Since  sixty-five countries have issued stamps with an
anti-smoking message, but the United States is not among them.
Backed by twenty-two medical societies, a resolution was
approved in June by the American Medical Association
that calls upon physicians to urge the U.S. Citizens’ Stamp
Advisory Committee to issue a stamp commemorating the
fiftieth anniversary of the Surgeon General’s Report in .
In support of this campaign, two companion exhibitions,
curated by Alan Blum, MD (AΩA, Emory University, ),
director of the University of Alabama Center for the Study
of Tobacco and Society, are available for display at museums,
medical libraries, and other venues. “Dr. Luther Terry and the
Publication of the Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and
Health” and “Anti-Smoking Postage Stamps from Around the
World” (featuring the collection of more than  anti-tobacco
stamps and philatelic covers, amassed by retired Baton Rouge
chest physician James Lutschg, MD) will be on view at Roswell
Park Cancer Institute for the rest of . They will also be
seen at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual
conference in June .
To preview the exhibitions: http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=fIRnOUuIn
To inquire about hosting the exhibitions, contact Dr. Blum
at [email protected].
2009/2010 Volunteer Clinical Faculty Awards
T
he Alpha Omega Alpha Volunteer Clinical Faculty Award
is presented annually by local chapters to recognize community physicians who have contributed with distinction to
the education and training of medical students. AΩA provides
a permanent plaque for each chapter’s dean’s office; a plate
with the name of each year’s honoree may be added each year
that the award is given. Honorees receive framed certificates.
The recipients of this award in the / academic year
are listed below.
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Leonard Sowah, MD
ALABAMA
University of South Alabama College of Medicine
Leonard S. Rich
NEW JERSEY
UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School
Richard Levandowski, MD
NEW YORK
Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University
Richard A. Skolnik, MD
New York University School of Medicine
Neal A. Lewin, MD
Medicine
George N. Braman, MD
Medicine
Mitchell Brodey, MD
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
George L. Hines, MD
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Lawrence N. Chessin, MD
Weill Cornell Medical College
Timothy C. Dutta, MD
CALIFORNIA
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
Albert Yu, MD, MPH, MBA
Howard University College of Medicine
Reginald D. Wills, MD
Sciences
Paul Schlein, MD
GEORGIA
Lisa A. Counsell, MD
ILLINOIS
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The Chicago
Medical School
Melvin Wichter, MD
School of Medicine
Richard Aronwald, MD
INDIANA
Todd R. Bagwell, MD
IOWA
Nathaniel Meyer, MD
KANSAS
Jennifer Brull, MD
KENTUCKY
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Michael Alt, DO
LOUISIANA
in New Orleans
Michael Kemp Amacker, MD
Louisiana State University School of Medicine at Shreveport
William Norwood, MD, FACS
Vincent R. Adolph, MD
MARYLAND
David Schwartz, MBBCh
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward
Hébert School of Medicine
Adam Saperstein, MD
MICHIGAN
University of Michigan Medical School
Beth C. Kimball, MD
MINNESOTA
University of Minnesota Medical School
Charles Horowitz, MD
NEBRASKA
University of Nebraska College of Medicine
Brian K. Buhlke, DO
NORTH DAKOTA
University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Napoleon Espejo, MD
OHIO
Danilo Polonia, MD
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Bruce Allen, MD
PENNSYLVANIA
Drexel University College of Medicine
Kevin Kasper, MD
Anthony J. Macchiavelli, MD
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Veena Dhar, MD
SOUTH CAROLINA
James G. Ward, MD
William C. Giles, MD
TEXAS
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Daniel G. Corredor, MD, FACE
49
Alpha Omega Alpha members
elected in 2009/2010
Chapters are listed alphabetically by state, province, or country, then in order of charter
ALABAMA
University of Alabama School of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham—Alpha Alabama
Students: Victoria Shamblin Anderson, William Charles Barrow, Lindsay Elizabeth
Brown, Nathan Michael Bullington, Jennifer Lauren Burgess, Adam L Edwards,
Joseph Tyler Fuqua, Eddie Lee Hyatt, Jacob Don Kelley, William Purvis Lancaster,
Samuel Keener McElwee, Virginia Logue Menendez, Troy Elijah Mott, Stephen
Pehler, Brandon Allen Perry, Zachary David Reardon, Stefanie Lycans Riddle, Cleon
Louis Rogers, Mark Edward Rogers, Christopher Paul Roth, Kyle J Rudemiller,
Rebekah Joy Savage, Kyle William Schuller, Daniel Schuster, Shannon Elizabeth
Simpson, Inge Juljana Tamm-Daniels, Stephanie LeeAnn Wilson, Jonathan William
Wright
Faculty: Ona Marie Faye-Petersen, Brian P Gleason
House staff: Jamie Lin Erwin, Peter J Frederick, William Fish Marstellar IV
University of South Alabama College of Medicine—Beta Alabama
Students: Tyler Paul Black, Russell Douglas Goode, Panayiotis Petros Grevenitis,
Geoffrey Lewis Hancy, Brandon Winslett Kirkland, Ross Alexander Mullinax, Ashley
D Myers, Michael Travis Pierce, Lauren Jennifer Platt, Ruchit R Shah, Rachel Kristina
Traylor
Alumni: Frank V deGruy III
Faculty: Anthony L Gard
House staff: Manuel Damian Rodriquez
ARIZONA
University of Arizona College of Medicine—Alpha Arizona
Students: Sohail Abdi-Moradi, Nicola Jane Baker, Kathryn Elizabeth Bradley, John
Michael Carter, Efrain Israel Cubillo IV, Amelia Kathleen Decker, Kevin Patrick
Engelhardt, Veena Vanessa Goel, Jessica Erin Haley, Stephanie Elise Hartz, Juliana
Michele Kling, Drew Joseph B Kurtzman, Vivian Lien, Connor Thomas Lundy, Loan
Thanh Pham, Christine Nicole Poach, Emily Nicole Prendergast, Minah Shin, Lenka
Stankova
Alumni:
Faculty: Ronald E Pust
House staff: Wynter Nigel Phoenix, Thye Matthew Schuyler
ARKANSAS
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine—Alpha
Arkansas
Students: Kaete Alexandra Archer, Daine Thompson Bennett, Timothy Jay Bilbruck,
Robert Wilder Bradsher III, Elizabeth Cottrill, Heather Christine Delahunt-Moore,
Dragon Do, Jennifer Ileen Doyle, Megan Suzanne Evans, Adam Nicholas Franklin,
Charles Marvin Gordon, David Sharpe Heister, Lauren Nash Hendrix, April Marie
Hill, Samuel Jordan House, James Wesley Stakesby Lewis, Colt Michael McClain,
Michael Sean McLaughlin, Sean Necessary, Blake Andrew Phillips, Jennifer Raible,
William Reyenga, Daniel Levi Shepherd, Courtney L Sick, Chase Douglas Smith,
Justin Walden
Alumni: Paula Wyatt Morris
Faculty: Mark J Heulitt, Laura P James
House staff: James Stewart Blachly, Rachel Howell King
CALIFORNIA
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine—Alpha
California
Students: Naomi Aloysia Adler, Heather Dawn Bennett, Tene Aneka Cage, Danielle
Marie Chammas, Craig Chen, Allen C Cheng, Hao Jun Jonathan Chong, Daniel
James Chrobak, Jordan M Cloyd, Taraneh Terry Farsani, Ari Benjamin Hoffman,
Jennifer Lin Hsiao, Benjamin Huang, Nicholas James Johnson, Devin William Kehl,
Mary Watson Montgomery, Sarah Uhler Morton, Venu M Nemani, Patrick Michael
Newman, Praveen Panguluri, Anna Theresa Panighetti, Adam David Schickedanz,
Lawrence Raymond Shiow, Jed Wolpaw, April Joy Zaat, Harras Bin Zaid, Mary Hui
Zhang
Alumni: Lee Rachel Atkinson-McEvoy, Alma M Martinez
Faculty: Calvin Chou, Elisabeth Brayton Wilson
House staff: Sami J Barmada, Jocelyn S Chapman, Damon E Francis
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California—Gamma
California
Students: Julianne Marie Awrey, Yekaterina Bakhta, Natalie Burns, Philippe
Champagne, Summer Puanani Chong, Erik Irvin Curtis, Alexis Elise Dixon, Kelly
Therese Erickson, Margaret Fleming, Jamie Lauren Funamura, Carolyn Alexander
Gates, Andrea Halim, Ivan Peter Harnden, Michael Jesse Hendricks, Isabel Rey Huey
Hsu, Felicia Rachel Katz, Adrienne Marie Keener, Kathleen Lee Kiernan, Nicole Mie
Mei-Oi Mau, Elana Halks Miller, Gina C Rossetti, Leah Ruslen, Stuart Tomlinson
Schroff, Kathryn Lee Serowka, Grant Shifflett, Sergei Terterov, Justin Philip Wagner
Faculty: Kenneth Allen Geller, Rayudu Gopalakrishna
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA—Delta California
Students: Mary Lou Bui, Amanda Chao-Yu Chi, Jennifer A Fulcher, Caitlin Laurel
Gomez, Jonathan D Grant, Rebecca Jean Hammon, Osamu F Kaneko, Nicole M
50
Khadavi, Mohammed Ali Khan, Jennifer Kung, Ryan Martin, Sarah E Medeiros,
Amy Marie Metzger, Matthew Mossanen, Jacqueline C Newton, Rafee Obaidi, Molly
Quinn, Sangeetha Meda Reddy, Adam Rees, Nicholas D Reese, Lobna Shahatto,
David Shamouelian, Vatche Tchekmedyian, Dina Wallin, Chantel L Washington,
Annie Rui Zhang, Zachary S Zumsteg
Faculty: Michael Wynn Yeh
Loma Linda University School of Medicine—Epsilon California
Students: Claire Andrews, Krysten Marie Bell, James Alan Chenoweth, Michael
Chiang, Jessica Claridge, Blake Christopher Fowler, Howard David Guan, Allison
Linnea Hinz, Jason Hong, Shino Dorothy Magaki, William Wilbur Millard II, Janet
Modad, Jeremy Michael Moretz, William Soren Mortensen, Denise Palke, Robert
Quigley, Stephen Joseph Rechenmacher, Jeniffer Sicalo, Michael Wisung Sim,
Matthew Joel Storment, Luke Christopher Strnad, Chad Van Ginkel, Daniel Eric
Westerdahl, John Rawles Wuchenich
Faculty: Lynda Daniel-Underwood
House staff: Cherie Amour Colbert, Michael John Orlich, David Turay
University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine—Zeta California
Students: Scott Aaron Atkins, Nicholas S Boehling, Noah Canvasser, Jonathan H
Chen, Alexander Chao-Yu Chiang, William G Chu, Jonathan Joseph Falakassa,
Pedram Ghasri, Emily Michelle Grant, Jacqueline Rowena Ho, Becky Annie Lim,
Madhukar Shirish Patel, Jesus Gildardo Ulloa, Jason Warren, Edward C Wu
University of California, Davis, School of Medicine—Eta California
Students: Helen Bai, Blair Rosella Louise Colwell, Kendell Riley German, Charity B
Hope, Robin Anne Talcott Huffer, Margaret Lawless, Bill Ran Luo, Joshua Phillip
Melvin, Karen Jenning Mu, Rasanamar Sandhu, Sonia Sonik-Spielvogel, Elizabeth
Rose Stewart, David Trent, Tammy Shingpei Wan, Charles Qian Yu
House staff: Vishal Goyal
COLORADO
University of Colorado School of Medicine—Alpha California
Students: John Deitrich Anderson, Erik Angles, Mim Ari, Sean Baran, Jerry Bodily,
Keely Marie Chevallier, Kelly Ann Fair, Geoffrey Fasen, Patricia Monica Federczyk,
Kelsey Flint, Laura Sturgess Huff, Jason Navid Mansoori, Brook Kim McConnell,
Travis James Menge, Andrew Cook Nelson, Keri Jean Propst, Evan Michael Pushchak,
Tyler Richard Reese, James Cameron Rose, Gina Leigh Schiel, Tierney A Sparks,
Christopher Brett Warner, Julie Ann Weintraub, Kristina Linnea Welton, Bryan
Phillip Wert
Sciences—Alpha District of Columbia
Students: Shivani Manhar Bhatt, Laura Crystal Cookman, Jaclyn L Davis, Natasha
Nikhil Desai, Marc F Dobrow, Kayla Terese Enriquez, Laura Ridgely Hatch, Lisa
Roselin Jacob, Michelle Anne Kaplinski, Steven V Kardos, Brian Edward Kaufman,
Rachel E Kutteruf, Brian J Linder, Brian Scott Martell, Rachel Elana Mednick, Kirsten
Poehling Monaghan, Ryan James Mountjoy, Katherine Steinfeld Perry, Patricia
Reutemann, Kirsten M Rose-Felker, Anjuli Shah, Edward J Silverman, Frank Horace
Valone III, Christopher C Vanison, Maria Victoria Vargas, Lauren S Wade, Ajay D
Wadgaonkar, Robert Carlton Ward
Faculty: Karen Ann Blackstone, Thomas William Jarrett
House staff: Ashté Collins, Nihar Kiritkumar Patel, Palak Shah
Georgetown University School of Medicine—Beta District of Columbia
Students: Marika Alois, Aaron Conner Babb, Meghan Laura Bernier, Andrew James
Braziel, Daniel Robert Bunker, Rachel Caravella, John Thomas Cardella, Trent David
Emerick, Jill Elizabeth Euteneuer, Paul Nicolas Fiorilli, Michael Freeman Githens,
Christopher Michael Jones, Scott Michael Karpowicz, Danielle Olivia Kaw, Kent
Kwok Kin Lam, Robert William McDermott, Marie LaPenta McHenry, Kathryn
Maureen McKenna, Kathleen Genevieve Mitchell, Jason Paul Moran, Teresa Jean
Nasabzadeh, Caitlin O’Brien, Megan Carroll Paulus, Hubert Pham, Nicholas Henry
Pope, Kirsten Regalia, Carleen Marie Risaliti, John Anthony Savino III, Andrea M
Spiker, Paul Joseph Switaj, Zachary Scott Wallace
Faculty: James Francis Duffy SJ
House staff: Elizabeth Ashleigh David, Michelle Denise Zook
Howard University College of Medicine—Gamma District of Columbia
Students: Elliot Amponsah Asare, Ugochukwu Onyibo Egolum, Aslam Ejaz, Zafir
Kalamadeen, Mariel Ames Kerr, Christina Nicole Lawson, Preeti Manavalan, Stephen
James Martin, Luke Archer Neilans, Chinyere Ndidi Nwaneri, Jessica A O’Babatunde,
Olusola Obayomi-Davies, Olaleke Oke, Islamiat O Olaribigbe, Sabrine Semoin,
Kristen Marie Trulear, Jhade Woodall, Raymond Kenneth Young
Alumni: John Hubert Stewart, Anthony Evans Watkins
Faculty: Andre J Duerinckx, Kanwal Kumar Gambhir
House staff: Mohankumar Kurukumbi
FLORIDA
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine—Alpha Florida
Students: Ian Blake Amber, Marissa Lea Anderson, Heidi Hansen Ashbaugh, Raheel
Bengali, Frank Bouchard Cortazar, Daniel M Cushman, Erin A Fender, Jessica Marie
Figueroa, Holly Fish, Robert Cunningham Gerring, Stephen Eugene Guyette, Isaac
Stirling Jones, Mohamed Kaif, Isabel Anais Lamour, Ella Hoshuen Leung, Jessica M
Linder, Alina Mercedes Lopez, Emilio Enrique Lopez, Sharon Lorraine McCartney,
Paru D Mehta, Raja Mohan, Stephanie Olga Peacock, Timothy Jerad Rearick, Isaac
Harry Ritter, Andrew Louis Ross, Jonathan Weiss, David Griffin Wholey
Alumni: Gauri Agarwal, Jason L Radick
Faculty: Jeffrey P Brosco, Matthias A Salathe
House staff: Marcela A Ferrada, Marc Richard Gualtieri, Manuel L Ribeiro-Neto
University of Florida College of Medicine—Beta Florida
Students: Sheyan Armaghani, Spencer H Bachow, Mara Alexa Clapp, Keirsun
Crockett, Aaron David Falchook, John Henry Faryna, Jason Aaron Freed, Justin
Michael Gomez, Jonathan Grant Harrell, Jonathan Kai Hu, John Paul Magulick,
Timothy Nywening, Paul David O’Rourke, Drew Alexander Palmer, Glen Thomas
Robinson, Christina E Rodriguez, Andrew Michael Romano, Naziya Samreen,
Benjamin Charles Service, Jennifer Wilkinson, Brent Thomas Wise, Dong Dawn
Yang, Gregory David Young
Faculty: Jamie Beth Conti, Maureen Anne Novak
House staff: Christopher Lawrence Bray, Adam D Falchook, Ashish Kumar Gupta
University of South Florida College of Medicine—Gamma Florida
Students: Bryan Joseph Allen, Brandon Brown, Andrew Rising Carey, Karan Anil
Desai, Casey Erin Gooden, Michelle Grace Hamel, Gregory Shannon Henderson,
James Trever Highsmith, Jarrod Adam Keeler, Menyoli Michael Malafa, Matthew W
Manry, Michaela Nguyen, Robert LeRoy Plews, Michael Allen Roberts, Melinda Leigh
Shiver, Ryan Telford, Laura Anne Thornsberry, Philip Vuong Tran, Seth James Trifiro,
Kristy Lynn Wesighan
Alumni: Richard Elmer Weibley
Faculty: H Juergen Nord, Kevin O’Brien
House staff: Robert Ledford, Brice Thomas Taylor
Florida State University College of Medicine—Delta Florida
Students: Brandon Russell Allen, Elizabeth Brooks, Michael William Hall, William
Adam Hammond, Jennifer Kinley, Melissa Lee Kozakiewicz, Christina Annette
McCall, Nicole Courtois McCoy, Molly McIntyre, Jimmy Lewis Moss Jr, Emily
Taylor Overholser, Kate Ross, Amanda Marie Sebring, Vanessa Vasquez, Eilene Kales
Weibley, Katie Ann Wolter
GEORGIA
Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine—Alpha Georgia
Students: John Bradley Allen, Beau Taylor Bryan, Charya Chhauv By, Justin Thomas
Cheeley, Amy Vinod Chudgar, Jarrod Craig, Brooks William Ficke, Melanie Lyn
Freeman, Scotty Gadlin, Amy Reed Goss, Bronwen Ann Halstead-Nussloch, David
Joseph Heinsch, Andrew Judson Hill IV, Matthew Preston Huges, Tracie Catherine
Hughes, Sara Johnston, Daniel McCollum, John LeCraw Mikell, Lauren Courtney
Mitchell, Shalin Jitendra Patel, Jeff Ryan Petrie, Roja Chandrashekhar PondicherryHarish, David Elliot Roffwarg, Sirikishan Ramkishan Shetty, Adam Daniel Singer,
Matthew Chesley Steele, Frank Durham Stegall, Matthew Garrett Stewart, Hari
Mrugesh Trivedi, Blake Michael Troiani, Viren Sahai Vasudeva, Jeremy Clady Wells,
Karen Brown Wood
Alumni: W Thomas Jenkins, Julie LaCraw Mikell
Faculty: Walter ‘Ted’ Kuhn, Laura L Mulloy
House staff: Jason Odell Burnette, Jason Paul Champagne
Emory University School of Medicine—Beta Georgia
Students: Robert Beaulieu, Mary Jane Bryant, Robert William Contino, Aisha David,
Theresa Mary Dulski, Samuel Aaron Funt, Kimberly Bogard Horner, Lauren Ann
Hudak, Laura Johnson, Osama N Kashlan, Lynn Hua Lee, Jessica Manning, Carrie
Ann Nalisnick, Daxa Mahendra Patel, Adam G Perry, Luke Tyler Peterson, Adam
Benjamin Prater, Jennifer Spicer, Amanda Wartner Stinger, Sean Robinson Stowell,
Dane Todd, Berendena I Vander Tuig, Aaron David Weiss, Daron J Williams, Ariel
Zodhiates
Faculty: Raymond James Kotwicki, Barbara J Stoll
House staff: Jeremiah Deneve, Andrew Nathan Kobylivker, Ian Neeland
Morehouse School of Medicine—Gamma Georgia
Students: Tiffany Marie Bell, Melinda Fernandez, Jennifer Lee Kim, Shreyas Girish
Makwana, Celeste Miller, Cam Tu Nguyen, Jamie Francesca Nguyen, Jessica
Gowramma T Shantha
Mercer University School of Medicine—Delta Georgia
Students: Daniel Aubrey Grace, Maribeth Banks Hamrick, Blake Steven Kimbrell,
Jason Robert Laney, Tracy Lynn Nolan, Martin Daniel Rosenthal, Joshua Perkins
Simpson, Melissa McLane Taylor
Alumni: Christopher Charles Moore, Oliver Christian Whipple
Faculty: David C Parish, Leon Newton Sykes Jr
House staff: Jason Ryan Chapman, Eric Lee Long, B Darren Preuninger
HAWAII
University of Hawaii at Manoa John A Burns School of Medicine—Alpha
Hawaii
Students: Scott Alexander Harvey, Eric Nicholas Lau, Andrew Lee Middleton,
Heather Rose Kaipolani Miner, Heather Mitsuru Motonaga, Lynn Ly Ngo, Knewton
Kazunori Sakata, Joshua Iokepa Santos, Ryan Makoto Sato, David Richard Veal
ILLINOIS
University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine—Alpha Illinois
Students: Jihan Akhtar, Catherine Anderton, Catherine Anderton, Alpheus Benjamin
Appenheimer, Kristen Michelle Aquino, Meredith Blythe Barnes, David Alan
Barounis, Jason Gary Bill, Heather Rose Binder-Jereb, Christopher Bohac, Katherine
Chen, Krista Jo Childress, Lucia Yun Chou, Bart Chwalisz, Vincent Michael Colin,
Taylor Dennison, Farhan Farooqui, Panagiotis Flevaris, Jonathan Andrew Gehlbach,
Christopher Mark Graves, Matthew D Hall, Suzanne Hatsumi Hiramatsu, Samuel
L Hutson, Sachin Jain, Monique Kamaria, David Khatami, Esther Jean Kim, Tiffany
Kim, Joel David Kolmodin, Michael E Kralovec, Loryn K Kromrey, Pamela J Lang,
Molly Kristine McMorrow, Eric R Mehlberg, Virginia Akua Mensah, Akhil Narang,
Hammed Abidemi Ninalowo, Joshua Aaron Novak, Audrey Nuccio, Ephraim Edward
Parent, Neel Bhaskar Patel, Ritbune Prakobkit, David Prigge, Sarah Ann Richman,
Adam Joseph Sanchez, Rudi Scharnweber, Brian Edward Schwartz, Melina Shabani,
Manthan R Shah, Kara Jane Simonson, Christopher T Sparrow, Joshua David Troyer,
Renee Westley, Loren Zech, Bree Zimmerman, Loren David Zuiderveld
Faculty: Ben Gerber, Martha Sweeney
House staff: Giai Thieu Lo
University of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences Pritzker School of
Medicine—Beta Illinois
Students: Mary Kathleen Bister, Markus Daniel Boos, Elizabeth Jane Brown, Ahmed
Aziz Chaudhary, Meghan Ann Connett, Lindsay Amanda Finger, Jonathan Grinstein,
Sara Alison Kalantari, Josephine Kim, Ryan Kohlbrenner, Charles Glen Kulwin,
Drew Anderson Lansdown, Gautam Malhotra, Shanshan Mou, Cameron Elizabeth
Nienaber, Michael Thomas Osborne, John Anthony Paro, Charlotte-Paige Melanie
Rolle, Geoffrey Wool
Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine—Gamma Illinois
Students: Praveen Anchala, Beau Brinckerhoff, Melissa Joy Chen, Benjamin David
Currie, David Michael DiBardino, Leo L Han, Nikolas H Kazmers, Melissa Keene,
Thomas Klumpner, Andrew Edward Kott, Christine Lin, Matthew David Lipton,
Jeremy Scott Markowitz, Jessica Newman, Sarah Novis, Jason Oppenheimer, Senad
Osmanovic, Matthew Patton, Martin Pham, Rachel Phelan, Amanda J Redig, Tamika
Smith, Paul J Speicher, David Alan Vermylen, Diego Cole Villacis, Whitney Elizabeth
Zirkle
Alumni: Karen Sheehan
Faculty: Robert Listernick, Stanford T Shulman
House staff: William John Bulsiewicz, Katherine Anne Connor, Laleh Golkar
Melstrom
Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and
Science—Delta Illinois
Students: Shant Ashdjian, Benjamin Joseph Aumiller, Sebastian Nathaniel Bienia,
Oscar Pelayo Bravo, Stephanie Ann Carapetian, Shinn-Huey Shirley Chou, Isha
Dhingra, Wand Yee Gan, Akash Garg, Paula S Ginter, Mariah Lynn Hindes,
Alexandar Jovanovich, Jordan Christopher Kawano, Natalia Kazakevich, Zaihleen
Shariff Keller, Isaac Kennedy, Nima Mehran, Craig Mescher, Megan Ann Mezera,
Joelle Dominique Millikin, Walter Osias, Anthony Chapman Palmer, Hemang
Kirkteekumar Pandya, Amit Patel, Chetak A Patel, Scott Aaron Ritterman, Sarfaraz
Sadruddin, Scott Jospeh Siglin, David Samuel Tager, Jillian Lee Theobald, Alex
Barathan Theventhiran, Karen Elizabeth Wright
Alumni: Erik Larsen, Mildred MG Olivier
Faculty: Stuart Lewis Goldman
House staff: Vamsi Kiran Kodumuri, Param Puneet Singh
Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine—Epsilon Illinois
Students: Peter Harry Anastopoulos, Daniel Baluch, Tracy L Binius, Anthony
Christopher Brown, Joseph Daniel Campbell, Margaret Susan Carter, Matthew
Pierce Connor, Casey Andrew Dauw, Timothy F Feldmann, Lauren Hewell Fischer,
Justin William Griffin, Claire Gushurst, Marc Edward Heincelman, Rana Marie
Higgins, Umair M Jabbar, Eric Kamenetsky, Brad C Knox, Mary Alison Mahieu,
Joseph Marmora, Moira Courtney McNulty, Megan Elizabeth Mietelski, Risha Li
Moskalewicz, Bretton P Mularski, Ryan Joseph Estoesta Salvador, Karan K Shah,
Ganesh Sivarajan
Faculty: Gregory Gruener
House staff: Aaron Thomas Gerds
Rush Medical College of Rush University Medical Center—Zeta Illinois
Students: Theresa M Adams, Mary Mercedes Bailey, Kristin Beaver, Julia Michelle
Boll, Elizabeth Chruscinski, Kelly Colleen Cushing, Cullen Dutmer, Alison Freeman,
Nicole Anne Friel, Julia Rose Howell, Faiyaaz Ahmad Kalimullah, Jennifer Losavio,
Michele Lee Nassin, Aris Oates, Purvi Pravinchandra Patel, Matthew James Raday,
David Joseph Ruta, Mina Sedrak, Eric Arthur Swanson, Anthony J Weston
51
New members
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine—Eta Illinois
Students: Sumer K Allensworth, Blake Cohen, Ashley Kohaus, Mark R Krohe, MinhBao Le, Adam Justin Rodos, Drew Allan Spencer, Mary Eileen Sterrett, Adam Donald
Wallace, James Roy Waymack, Kendra Suzanne Woods
Alumni: Roxanne J Guy
Faculty: Thomas Howard Tarter
House staff: Brooke M French, Masaya Higuchi, Abiy Kebede Kelil
INDIANA
Indiana University School of Medicine—Alpha Indiana
Students: Erin Olivia Aakhus, Megan Anne Alderman, Tyler Stephen Arnold, Andrew
Justin Bishop, Amber Brannan, Jared R Brosch, Abigail Faith Weliver Donnelly,
Barrett B Fricke, Kyle Mark Harry, Laura Jean Hinkle, Michael L Hopen, Emily Marie
Horvath, Anthony Christopher Illing, Elisa Anne Illing, David Alan Isaacs, Sarah Beth
Jacob, Mark Matson Kaehr, Colleen Marie Kiernan, Hayley Knollman, Laura Kruter,
Jordan D LeGout, Cathryn J Luria, Joseph Daniel Lutgring, John Paul Magno Manalo,
John Ryan Martin, Kevin Charles McCammack, Emily Anne Merryman, Jacob
Ryan Miller, Andrew Arthur Millis, Christopher Carl Muth, Emma Joy Nordstrom,
Benjamin Gordon Northcutt, Michael Glenn O’Connor, John T O’Malley, Ruchin
Patel, Diana Marie Patterson, Anne E Penner, Benjamin Francis Redmon, Troy
Roberson, Ian Cooper Sando, Zafar Sayed, Meghann Lynn Schenk, Chad E Tewell,
Michael Cassimer Veronesi, Kimbre L Vogel, Katherine Anne Voges
Alumni: Richard Thomas Beeler, Michele Smallwood Saysana
Faculty: David Alastair Flockhart, Robert J Havlik
House staff: Paul Richard Crisostomo, Anthony David Kaiser, Laura Jean Nelson
IOWA
University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine—Alpha
Iowa
Students: Nusayba Ali Bagegni, Jennifer Lynn Baker, Anastasia V Bassis, Nathan
Thomas Beins, Jill Marie Bowman, Shannon Elizabeth Cassel, Dianna Lynn Edwards,
Andrew Elson, Elizabeth Hester Gauger, Jesus Eduardo Gomez, David Winthrop
Hennessy, Katie Hoyme, Sobia Fehmi Khaja, Andrew Norbert Laczniak, Shannon Lee
Schauer Leveridge, Nikolas S May, Jason Benjamin Mueller, Bryant G Oliverson, Erin
Powell, Johanna Marie Savage, Bradley Steele Schoch, Harmony Schuttler, Elizabeth
Ana Vanderah, Laura Joy Watkins, Jeffrey David Welder, Kija Marie Weldon, Scott
Gregory Westphal, Jospeh Robert Nelson Zabell
Alumni: James Richard Hubbard
Faculty: Scott Wilson
KANSAS
University of Kansas School of Medicine—Alpha Kansas
Students: Smita Aggarwal, Willis Barrow, Nathan S Cuka, David Michael Dupy,
Sushant Govindan, Deborah A Holland, Megan Leigh Jones, Marcus Allen Kater,
Sarah Latif, Cameron Ledford, Shelby Richard Lies, Jeffrey Desmond Markey, Mallory
Glynnis Martinez, Kerri Ailene McGreal, Anne Katherine Miller, Stephanie Yeager
Murray, Brooke L W Nesmith, Thuan Ba Nguyen, Erin Marie O’Brien, Devon Paul,
Andrew Pirotte, Abhishek Ray, Katherine Seymour, Bruce Tjaden Jr, Zachary Jon
Viets, Blair Wendlandt, Nicole Wieghard, Matthew Steven Wilson, Trenton C Wray
Alumni: Lisa Starcke Gilmer, Jerry L Old
Faculty: Michael L Kennedy
House staff: Gerhard Aron Fast, Lucas Pitts, Mayra Esperanza Sanchez
KENTUCKY
University of Louisville School of Medicine—Alpha Kentucky
Students: Sabra M Abner, Folasade A Ademosu, Ashley Lynn Alumbaugh, Joseph
David Bailey, Dustin Webb Dillon, Destinee Lucy Eakle, Rachel S Ford, Joel M Fritz,
Mark Tye Haeberle, Lakshmi Kartha, Matthew Kelleher, Benjamin Klausing, Sofya
Kuznetsov, Mary Lacy, PariaEsmaily Majd, Elizabeth Lee Matera, Chester Joseph
Mays, Justin Thomas Phillips, Luke Patrick Robinson, Sarina Sahetya, Zachary
Richard Simpson, Clint Marshall Tucker, Gregory C Wilson
Alumni: Paige Hertweck
Faculty: Anthony J Casale, Henry Jerrold Kaplan
House staff: Christopher Robert Janowiecki, Brian M Plato, Mary Ann Sanders
University of Kentucky College of Medicine—Beta Kentucky
Students: Cady Blackey, Joseph Allen Blackmon, Lindsay Block Blackmon, Joseph
Clay Brown, Adam Gerard Cole, Borys Gvozdyev, Alan Montgomery Hall, James
Donald Hawthorne III, Amanda Fleming Marsch, Marlena Nicole Mattingly, Lucas
Haynes Rifkin, Megan Song, Taylor Vaughan, Charlotte Marie Walter, Mark J Yuhas
Faculty: Cletus Savio Carvalho, Joseph A Iocono
House staff: Michael Douglas Goble, Fadi R Makhoul, Kevin Harris Smith
LEBANON
American University of Beirut School of Medicine—Alpha Lebanon
Students: Salim Daouk, Lana Saleh Dbeibo, Ali El Mokdad, Abdallah El Sabbagh,
Nathalie Malek El Ters, Rashed Ali Ghandour, Racha Zeid Halawi, Nemer Junior
Robert Muallem, Ibrahim Nassour, Wassim Abdul Razzak Shatila
House staff: Maya Georges Barake, Khaled M Musallam, Carlos Noujeim
52
LOUISIANA
Tulane University School of Medicine—Alpha Louisiana
Students: Robert Michael Bacigalupi, Shannon Kristina Barry, Laura Bateman, Todd
Borenstein, Jenny Buck, Siu Ping Chin Feman, Jennifer Coleen Creedon, Joshua Lee
Denson, Alex Fokin Jr, Sumitha Santhoshini Ganji, Brian Thomas Halbert, Alan
Joseph Hathcock, Megan Maureen Henderson, Lucius Alexander Howell, Katerina
O Kimonis, Michael Marino, Garland Herring McQuinn, John Moscona, Glenn Alan
Moulder, Melody Becnel Oncale, Arvind Kant Pandey, Christopher D Press, Reinaldo
James Quevedo, Renee Shiao, Camille Linick Stewart, Joseph Tarsia
Alumni: Paul Krogstad, James E Robinson
Faculty: David Mushatt, Eboni Price-Haywood
House staff: Son Van Nguyen, Nicholas Joseph Van Sickels, David Christopher Yu
Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans—Beta
Louisiana
Students: Christopher A Belfour, Stephanie Lynn Bourque, Zackary Paul Bruce,
Paul Buzhardt, Jeffrey Reid Claiborne, Ryan K Couvillion, Daniel Michael Englert,
Matthew Thomas Finn, Jesse Gills, Carrie Margaret Goodson, Ashley Ayo Guy,
Vandon Joseph Habetz, Jonathan Morgan Hand, Elliot T Hardy, David Patrick
Kennedy, Brandon M Lopez, Christel Cary Malinski, McCall Guyton McDaniel,
Bevan Ambus Myles, Rachel Ann Pastorek, Ana Paunovic, Wesley Ray Porta, Eric
John Schmidt, Jason R Schwartz, Andrew Bennett Sewell, Mark Winston Stalder,
William Steffes, Lauren Michelle Thomassie, Mark Patrick Trahan, Catharine Grace
Wolfe
Alumni: Catherine Marie Hebert, Gerard Pena
Faculty: Murtuza Juzar Ali, Lee S Engel
House staff: Patrick Greiffenstein, Emily B Kauffman, Davey L Prout Jr
Louisiana State University School of Medicine at Shreveport—Gamma
Louisiana
Students: Drexell Hunter Boggs, Jason Patrick Calligas, Christopher A Cefalu, Brian
Edward Etier Jr, Jill Fruge, Joshua Paul Holstead, Kristopher Katira, Austin Thomas
Lash, Mathew John Mazoch, Jared Lundy Moss, Andrew Merlan Nida, Patrick Ryan
Redmond, Jamie L Rister, Kristopher Case Sanders, Matthew James Sewell, Jesse
Arthur Standifer II
Faculty: Jan Hood
MARYLAND
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine—Alpha Maryland
Students: Alexander Billiioux, Laura Cappelli, Steven Chen, Keith Curtis, Matthew
John Czarny, Catherine Distler, Paul Doherty, Pavle Doroslovacki, Lauren Elizabeth
Graham, Andrew Hughes, Kristen Johnson, Karim Ladha, Damaris Nou, Eric Nou,
Meghan O’Neill, Justin Schaffer, Melanie Schorr, Shannon J C Shan, Shan Tang, Maya
Subbalakshmi Venkataramani, Khinh Ranh Voong
Alumni: Neil M Bressler, Lee Hunter Riley III
Faculty: Henry Brem, Francis Giardiello
House staff: Charles Hugh Brown IV, Amy DeZern, Matthew Weiss
University of Maryland School of Medicine—Beta Maryland
Students: Edward Hyunsun Ahn, Mariam Hassan Ayub, Jason Bradley Brill, Laura
Marie Caputo, Stephanie Cha, Michael B Chang, Laura Figueroa-Phillips, Jamie L
Goldberg, Michael Conrad Grant, Christian Richard Halvorson, Andrea Harriott,
Kyle Hatten, Jenna Khan, Elizabeth Julianna Le, Nancy Ann Lentz, Stephen Andrew
McNutt, John D Morris, Jonas Allan Nelson, Omobonike O Oloruntoba, Paul
William Perdue Jr, Jacklyn Lindsay Quade, Sowmya Ravi, Casey Marie Rice, Charles
Rutter, Meghna S Trivedi, Mamata Venepally, Linda Xu
Alumni: Ronald Goldner
Faculty: Joseph Patrick Martinez
House staff: Temilolu Olayinka Aje, Adam D Friedlander, Leroy Brown Vaughan
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F Edward Hébert
School of Medicine—Gamma Maryland
Students: Tatyana Babina, Jeremy Baran, Jason Bingham, Stuart Kent Brigham,
Gregory Thomas Chesnut, Paul Andrew Cripe, Nathan S Cutler, Diane Ungos
Elegino-Steffens, Jason Foerter, Ian Funnell, Antonino Germana, Jason David
Hoskins, Dinchen Anna Jardine, Nathan Ross Kelsey, Gregory Ivan Kelts, Andrew
Ching-An Kung, David Alton Lindholm, Jonathan Michael Melzer, Eric Gerard
Meyer II, Matthew Michalowicz, Heather DeVane Mundy, Christopher Neil Premo,
Katherine Helen Racicot, Kristen Elizabeth Saenger, Robert R Shawhan, Kimberly
Ann Vance, Robert Vietor, Bryant James Webber, Thomas Joseph Willson, John I
Young
Faculty: Jerri Curtis, David Robert Welling
MASSACHUSETTS
Tufts University School of Medicine—Beta Massachusetts
Students: Claudia Bartolini, Christopher Boisselle, Marjory Bravard, Emily Elizabeth
Bunce, Priya Chandra, Karen Elizabeth Glatfelter, Sarah Lauren Harkness, Karen
Elizabeth James, Arjun Nimalan Jeganathan, Laura Moynihan Kerr, Kathleen Mary
Killilea, Juhee Lee, Michael Zvi Lerner, Jeffrey Michael Martin, Matthew Mifsud,
Matthew Aaron Nitzberg, Nainesh Sharad Parikh, David Picker, Betzalel Reich,
Kenneth Lee Roach, Christopher Sanchez Sales, Sara Schoenfeld, Clota Heazel Snow,
Aferdita Spahillari, Sohil Raj Sud, Patrick Burke Sullivan, David Alexander Wang, Ana
Weil, Jeffrey Harrison Williams
Faculty: Robert A Kalish
Boston University School of Medicine—Gamma Masschusetts
Students: Paul Bower, John Cuaron, Christopher D’Ardenne, Alexander DeHaan,
Steven Deso, Daniel Faden, Sarah Regina Freilich, Ravi Garg, Mathew Geltzeiler,
Justin Daniel Golden, Ashleigh Anna Halderman, Elizabeth Judith Housman, Ryan
Hunt, Nicole Jaffe, Amy Judy, James Nicholas Kimbaris, Nitin Krishnaji Kulkarni,
Jamal Abdoalah Nabhani, Patrick Hoi Ginn Redmond, Ari C Sacks, David A Salz,
Matthew Sullivan, Matthew Watto, Emily Anne Welsh
Alumni: Marie Elizabeth McDonnell
Faculty: Todd Michael Hoagland
House staff: Jon David Dorfman, Amanda Vest
University of Massachusetts Medical School—Delta Massachusetts
Students: Daniel Joseph Barker, Katharine Crawford Barnes, Lauren Busekroos,
Katherine Cembrola Cembrola, Erik Domingues, Parag Goyal, Laura Hagopian, Lydia
Helliwell, Maurice Francis Joyce III, Teri Tung Kleinberg, Alexis Carey Lawrence,
Andrew Leone, David M Miller, Julia Claire Randall, Meghan Shea, Kyle David Wood
Alumni: Carolyn Clancy, Thomas Emery Scammell
Faculty: Nancy Marshall Fontneau, Robert Zwerdling
House staff: Anne Cameron Coates, Daisy Dylan Fischer, Nils Henninger
MICHIGAN
University of Michigan Medical School—Alpha Michigan
Students: Ketti Sophia Augusztiny, Lauren Andrea Bohm, Emily Jane Deringer,
Katherine Mary Gast, Nava Geula, Jennifer Hasvold, Susan Mary Hiniker, Maha
Sada Jawad, Michael Sivash Khodadoust, Karen Anne Kinnaman, Alice D Lam,
Rosalyn Elizabeth Maben, Jennifer Marie McDonald, Lowell Evan Michael, Aaron
Charles Miracle, Darren Morris, James Paul Reinhart, Lauren Anne Sanlorenzo, Julia
Theopisti Saraidaridis, David Shalowitz, Benjamin Singer, Christina Garcia Ulen,
David Werny, Angela Christine Weyand, Andrew Yenphu Yew, John Montgomery
Yost, Justin William Zumsteg
Faculty: Ameed Raoof, Cosmas J M Vandeven
Wayne State University School of Medicine—Beta Michigan
Students: Marijana Atanasovski, Julian Barbat, Jane Elizabeth Beimer, Jaida Celeste
Bourke, Katherine Lynn Caretti, Erica Lynn Chimienti, David Crawford, Kunal Sanjay
Dalal, Samantha S Dewundara, Iuliana Dit, Justin Richard Dueweke, Tim Ta-Chih
Ferng, Elizabeth Frayer, Ryan Matthew George, Alissa Karyn Gottesman, Ciprian
Stefan Gradinaru, Pooja U Gupta, David Hackenson, Aaron Heindl, Levi Jefferson
Hilton, Levi Hinkelman, Adrienne M W Hoban, Taemyn Hollis, Sarah Elaine
Kenning, Brandon William King, Laura Ann Kitzmiller, Bonita D Kozma, Ashlee
Ellen Krisko, Thomas Patrick LaRoche, Remy Rosario Lobo, Allison Long, Randee
Cherie Miller, Mazen Mislmani, Brett Mollard, Jesse Douglas Morrison, Laura Ashley
Most, David McKeon Prior, Jason Joseph Rose, Courtney Elizabeth Rowling, Gurpriya
K Sethi, Edward Shields, Matthew Stemer, Justin Jay Stenz, Gilbert Siu Fai Tang, Jesse
James Veenstra, Katherine Vitale, Leah Ashley Weitz, Benjamin Jay Workman, Joseph
Yang, Daniel Aaron Zeldes
Alumni: Monte Lance Harvill
House staff: Eleazar Eduardo Soto
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine—Gamma Michigan
Students: Staci Miriam Batchelder, Catherine Elizabeth Burger, Nikunj Rashmikant
Chauhan, Katherine Elizabeth Clark, Kelly Ann Conley, Benjamin Thomas Ebner,
Carrie Ann Fales, Michelle Gilmer, Meghan Regina Harper, Brian Christopher Hill,
Peter Klaas Hoekman, Meaghan Renee Misiasz, Michael Douglas Peacock, Andrew
Leonard Ray, Shawna Marie Ruple, Jeffrey Russell Sachs, Kara Melissa Jacobs Slifka,
Stefanie Vincenzina Stachura, Joel Patrick Veldhouse, Shannon Joy Voogt
Alumni: Michael James Potchen
Faculty: Jose Goldman, Isoken Nicholas Olomu
House staff: Chelsea Alisa Coston, Ashima Makol, Peter Hoang Phan
MINNESOTA
University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities—Alpha Minnesota
Students: Jacob Scott Ankeny, Usman Anwer, Nicholas Schumacher Briese,
Matthew D Cascino, Kevin Cavanaugh, Brittani Conway, Carmen Rebecca Dargis,
Shireen Elizabeth de Sam Lazaro, Rebecca Donahue, Meghann Duffy, Lydia Ioanna
Eleftheriou, Heidi L Erickson, Melanie Fearing, Adam Phillip Foss, Sarah Anne
Frommer, Nathaniel Thomas Gaeckle, Nicole Gergen, Melissa Rae Haehn, Luke
Thomas Hafdahl, Elizabeth Ann M Johnson, Jennifer Kleinman, Lisa Kristine Koch,
Virat Ashwin Madia, Sean Brady McAdams, Benjamin Miller, Shauna S Morrow,
Mikal Nelson, John David Nerva, Maiken Ann Overton, Elizabeth Mae Petersen,
Vanessa Raabe, Kevin Michael Flannery Rank, Samuel Gibson Rayner, Jon Charles
Reich, Geoffrey Merritt Rutledge, Bridgette Marie Suri, J Allen Swanson Jr, Christine
Thomas, Kelsey Ann Watt, Jeffrey Peter Willging
MISSISSIPPI
University of Mississippi School of Medicine—Alpha Mississippi
Students: Matt Burford, Jay Oliver Craddock, Stacey Elizabeth Douglas, Michael
Foster, Benjamin Lucas Hodnett, Mark Gill Kosko, Elizabeth Spence Piazza, Marcus
Andrew Presley, Katherine Leigh Ragland, Mark Andrew Runnels, Benjamin Forrest
Tillman, Helga Bacareza Vamenta-Morris, Joseph Verzwyvelt, Sidney Larken Ware,
Shelby Young White, Ryan Yates
MISSOURI
Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine —Alpha Missouri
Students: Alexander William Aleem, Lauren Kali Biesbroeck, Bradley John Carra,
Brian Francis Flaherty, John Michael Gansner, Michael John Geske, Kimberly Meng
Hsu, Carlie Rebecca Kennedy, Peng Lei, Vanessa Ann Lewis, Jessica McAlister,
Casey Kent McCullough, Bryce Abram Mendelsohn, Jason Alan Meyers, Eric Austin
Millican, Lina Nayak, Gerald Johnstone Palagallo, Ira Hyman Schachar, Manjool
Manoj Shah, Kavitha Rajeswari Sivaraman
Alumni: Herluf Gyde Lund Jr, William T Shearer
Faculty: Dana Abendschein, David Windus
House staff: Miranda Ming-Wai Lim, Robert Guy Neumann, Ben Julian Palanca
Saint Louis University School of Medicine—Beta Missouri
Students: Michael G Azzam, Yvonne Ellen Bailey, Nathan Allen Cannon, Katherine
Ann Fernandez, Daniel Kevin Holt, Amanda Nicole Kimber, Meghana Ram Kunkala,
Nicholas J Kuntz, Kathryn B Leonard, Matthew Anthony Marino, Lindsey Lea
Michaels, Gretchen Mae Oakley, Patrick Joseph Rose, Clare Elizabeth Rudolph,
Joshua M Sappington, Andrew Gregory Silver, Courtney Anne Tobin, Laura Elizabeth
Tranel, Yee Men Wong
University of Missouri—Columbia School of Medicine—Gamma Missouri
Students: Adam A Alter, Anjali Patel Anders, Brett Charles Bade, Jordan Michael
Brown, Katie Elizabeth Cameron, Shelby Marie Dickison, Deiter James Duff, Savita
Leanne Fanta, Wesley Frevert, Matthew Edward Johnson, Mary Bridget Keegan,
Linsey Jane Monaghan, Katherine (Kay) Anna Rodgers, Jason Andrew Showmaker,
Mark Sucher, Stacy Michelle Syrcle, Theodore Seth Thomas
Alumni: Todd Darian Shaffer
Faculty: Ghassan M Hammoud, Thomas P Mawhinney
House staff: Clark Olavi Andelin, Jacob A Quick
University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine—Delta Missouri
Students: Hasan Chowdhury, Maria Luisa Ciani, James Lewis Gentry, Allison Sue
Glass, Jared Scott Halpin, Will R Hotchkiss, Afrin Nahar Kamal, Justin William
Langan, Sagar Tushar Mehta, Spencer Menees, Miral Patel, Radhika Kausalya
Ravindran, Akta Sehgal, Lindsay Martin Smith, Zachary Lee Smith
Alumni: Jeffrey David Kerby, Rahul Kumar Khare
Faculty: James J Mongan
House staff: Jennifer Lynn Flint, Andrew Jacob Moore, Stephanie Anne Reid
NEBRASKA
University of Nebraska College of Medicine—Alpha Nebraska
Students: Sara Elizabeth Brostrom, Steven Louis Gogela, Brian Craig Kitamura, Jared
Kvapil, Melissa Ann Langdon, Alex Charles Lesiak, Kendra Lesiak, Kristin Marie
McGregor, Gina Leigh Morgan, Melanie Ortleb, Jason Patera, Eric John Meyer Reed,
Lyndsay Dale Schwab, Mark Murdoch Smith, Mark Joseph Stavas, Benjamin A>
Teply, Joseph Jay Vavricek, Sarah Elizabeth Wunder
Alumni: Gretchen Glode Berggren, Warren Berggren
Faculty: Devin R Nickol, Weining Ken Zhen
House staff: Aaron Todd Benner, Angela Jo Kratochvil-Stava
Creighton University School of Medicine—Beta Nebraska
Students: Jennifer Kelly Beckman, David G Crockett, Rose Christine Gomes, Erin
Kathleen Ham, Jonathan Leo Hatch, Anne Brittany Haugen, Sarah Grace Herby,
Thomas Joseph Jensen, Ashley Marie Lane, Michael Lanfranchi, Ryan Craig LeBaron,
Christopher John Neeley, Brendan Joseph O’Connor, Amanda L Oertli, Allison Nicole
Rasband-Lindquist, John Thomas Ratelle, Tara Lynn Sabby, Douglas Snodgrass, Erik
Stites, Kaitlyn Marie Weidenbach
Faculty: Chhanda Bewtra, Sumeet Kumar Mittal
House staff: Jamil Yousef Abuzetun, Shipra Arya, Senthil Thambidorai
NEVADA
University of Nevada School of Medicine—Alpha Nevada
Students: Benjamin Jared Allen, Derek Brady Covington, Chantelle Marie DeCroff,
Kristina Doris Eaton, Lisa Ann Kafchinski, Jason Daniel Michaels, Erik Joseph Olson,
Erin Marie Royal, Timothy David Struve, Chad Watts
Faculty: Miriam Bar-on, Richard Caringal Baynosa
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Dartmouth Medical School—Alpha New Hampshire
Students: Laura Gillian Amar-Dolan, Dana Carne, Kimberly Beth Cartmill, Alissa
Jeanne Curda, Sarah Kathleen Dotters-Katz, Michael Guilliver Erkkinen, Noah J
Hoffman, Chetan Prakash Huded, Nicholas G Maldonado, Jessica Ann Morgan, Ziev
Ben Moses, Aimee Rosann Peck, Christopher Ryan Russo, Sherzana Sunderji, Mark
Douglas Tyson
Alumni: Sarah Garlan Johansen, Edward Jonathan Merrens
Faculty: Joseph Peter Cravero, Susan Marie Pepin
House staff: Antonia Altomare, Christina Janelle Azevedo, Jonathan Trumbull
Huntington
NEW JERSEY
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School—Alpha New Jersey
Students: David Matthew Bennett, Bryan Thomas Burke, Alessia Carluccio, Michael
B DiGiacomo, Kelly Elizabeth Fabrega, Brian David Fernholz, Travis Cron Foster,
53
New members
Alison Grazioli, Gowtham Jonna, Noreen Patricia Kelly, Dallas Kingsbury, Laura
Longo, Caitlin Martin, Nicole Irene Montgomery, Erin Patricia Murphy, Molly Rose
Nadelson, Chiti Parikh, Dupal R Patel, Shanon Thomas Peter, Julianne Pupa, Matthew
Douglas Saybolt, Danielle Marie Sciorra, Christopher Philip Sereni, Margarita Marie
Sergonis, Anjali B Sheth, Alan Sing, Neil Kanth Taunk, Julia Ham Terhune, Matthew
David Treiser, Wan-Ju Wu
Alumni: Jeffrey Neil Bruce
Faculty: Anthony Tobia, Stephen Trzeciak
House staff: Terrence Curran, Fedele DePalma
UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School—Beta New Jersey
Students: Mafudia Abibatu Bangura, John Henry Bast, Chinmoy Bhate, Adam Chen,
Isaac Chu, Brian Do, Summer Elshenawy, Eugene Daniel Festa, Michaela Grace Ibach,
Michael B Jacoby, Neil Kapadia, Mary Elizabeth Kelleher, Michael Klodnicki, Monica
Koncicki, Timothy Meehan, Haresh Vijay Naringrekar, Kevin Paul O’Donnell, Joseph
Benton Oliver, Laju M Patel, Shriji Patel, Chuanxing Qu, Nakul P Raykar, William
Henry Rossy, Shannon Frances Scrudato, Amit Sharma, Douglas Michael Smith,
Kathleen Sullivan, Nikhil Thaker, Ashley Gayle Winter, Ronald Zviti
Faculty: Rajendra Kapila
House staff: Vadim Pisarenko
NEW MEXICO
University of New Mexico School of Medicine—Alpha New Mexico
Students: Sean Biggs, Jeremiah Manuel Bustos, Kenneth Michael Downes, Kathlyn
Joan Drexler, Coughi Camille Edens, Joshua Frederiksen, Heidi Hillesland, Michelle
Rae Longmire, Jill Katherine Oldewage, Brandon Robert Peterson, Dustin Richter
Faculty: Martha Cole McGrew, Alan Garlett Waxman
House staff: Pablo Garcia, Tony B Salazar, Selina Silva
NEW YORK
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons—Alpha New York
Students: Mohsin S Ahmed, Priya Batra, Mauer Biscotti, Alexandra Jane Borst, Laura
N Brenner, Adam M Buck, Alison B Callahan, Louisa Canham, Peter N Chalmers,
Elizabeth J Diver, Erica DaVonne Farrand, Magni Hamso, Kathie Kai Huang, Ryan
Michael Joshi Ivie, Michael Ma, Robert Allen McGovern III, Martha R Neagu, Kristen
A Pastor, Ravi Pathak, Sara Plett, Alvin Rishi Rajkomar, Katelyn Smithling, Moeun
Son, Robert A Sorabella, Mary L Stevenson, Danielle Trief, Emily A Vail, Matthew J
Weinstock
Weill Cornell Medical College—Beta New York
Students: Konstantinos John Arnaoutakis, Wesley Hurst Clark, Audrey Diane
Crummey, Sandra Marie Demars, Narat Eungdamrong, Daniel Joseph Friedman,
Katharine Corbett Goheen, Jonathan Stanley Gordin, Erica Lisa Greenberg, Chloe
Electra Hill, Michael Adrian Klufas, Sarah Lewis, Alison Brooke Santopolo May,
Anthony Ehren Rosen, Sarah Hall Schaefer, Allison Raye Schulman
Medicine—Gamma New York
Students: Sarah L Averill, Niladri Basu, Jeffrey A Belair, Caitlin Bernard, Douglas
Michael Hildrew, Quynh N Hoang, Katharine Driscoll Maglione, Sean Robert
McMahon, Jonathan Naysan, Julie M Rombaut, Michael Francis Sorrentino, Charles
Nicholas Weber
Alumni: Blanche Antionette Borzell, Joseph William Hinterberger
Faculty: Kwame Sarpong Amankwah
House staff: Matthew Bryant Crowell, Pankaj Mehta, Sekou Robertson Rawlins
New York University School of Medicine—Delta New York
Students: Marra Gillian Ackerman, Joshua Will Allen-Dicker, Alana Rose Amarosa,
Bradley Stephen Bloom, Arlene Sujin Chung, Thomas Michael Facelle, Ely Richard
Felker, Emily Ford, Benjamin Hairan Ge, Luba Gulyaeva, Elizabeth Price Gurney,
Robert Raymond Kule, Jesse Miller Lewin, Evan Seth Marlin, Michelle Mergenthal,
Ryan William Morgan, Rose O’Rourke, Carly Browning Oboudiyat, Rushi Parikh,
Derek Daniel Reformat, Kathryn Ross, Lourdes Maria Sanso, Jeffrey Shyu, Nathaniel
Smilowitz, Emily Frank Stamell, Bobby A Tajudeen, Jolyn Sharpe Taylor, Vitaly
Terushkin, Patrick Robert Varley, Amelia Mackenzie Wnorowski, Edward William
Zagha
Alumni: Fritz Francois, Burton D Rose
Faculty: Iman Osman, Harvey I Pass
University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State
University of New York—Epsilon New York
Students: Jessica B Badlam, Brian P Batt, Jamie Benway, Joyce Meng-Tin Chang,
Samantha Chase, Angela Rose Girvin, Elizabeth Anne Gruber-Brem, Darren Michael
Huffman, Sara Hylwa, Jennifer Lee Jung, Anjum Faruk Koreishi, Allana Krolikowski,
Evan Leibu, Allie Marie Massaro, Gina Matteson, Justin Mazzillo, Scott R Nodzo, Jeet
Patel, Melissa Lynn Rayhill, Arsalan Q Shabbir, Lisa Marie Stabel, Jonathan J Stone,
Ashley Wentworth
Faculty: David M. Holmes
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry—Zeta New York
Students: Jennifer Rhoda Abrams, Joshua Burton Brown, Laurence Donahue, Tracy
Lynn Fuhrmann, Romeo Regi Galang III, Samuel Horr, Brian Paul Jenssen], Ajay
Eapen Kuriyan, Andrew Hall Marky, Marlene Theresa Mathews, David Jonathan
Mener, Christine Marie Osborne, David Henry Perlmutter, William Joseph Sauer,
Jeremy Sinkin, Leslie Kathryn Vilkhu
Alumni: Dennis Harry Kraus
Faculty: Rabih M Salloum
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House staff: Constantine Farmakidis, Miranda Harris-Glocker
Medicine—Eta New York
Students: Alexandre Paul Ancheta, Robert Brownell, Jeffrey Thomas Bruckel, Yair
Chaya, Ivanka Choumanova, Ilana Juliett DeLuca, Gregory S Dibelius, Fara Friedman,
Elizabeth A Gancher, Kelly James Givens, Jeffrey Gusenburg, Chenchan Huang, Sara
Elizabeth Kopple, Eugenia C Kuo, Timothy Connor Leupp, Elie Boaz Lowenstein,
Oleg Mironov, Franklin Nwoke, Susan E Pesci, Emily Lauren Robbins, Giorgio
Antonio Roccaro, Annaheta Salajegheh, Nicholas Spartan Santavicca, Dominick
Santoriello, Guy Savir, Avraham Sofer, Sherwin Leu Su, Jennifer Sweet, Louise Marie
Truong, Alexander Volodarskiy
Alumni: Samuel Packer, Andrew Charles Yacht
Faculty: Salvatore J A Sclafani, George A Vas
House staff: Graciela Beatriz De Jesus, Marina Kogut, Brandon George Smaglo
Albany Medical College—Theta New York
Students: Alin Lina Akopians, David E Auringer, Jesse Tao Buedefeldt-Pollard,
Erin Marie Cooney-Qualter, Justin Corey DeWillers, Erika Beth Ebert, Jeremy M
Esposito, Greg Everett Gin, Rashmi Jayadevan, Melissa Dawn Kivitz, Karilyn Theresa
Melanie Larkin, Tsang Lau, Frank S Lin, Lindsey Adair MacFarlane, Julia A Mathew,
Lindsey Ann Tillack, Amanda Marie Tower, Timothy Y Tran, Jenanan Prakasha
Vairavamurthy, Mae Whelan, Jennifer Wootten, Edmund S Wu, Devin Stephen
Zarkowsky
Faculty: John Hinty Burton, John W Simon
New York Medical College—Iota New York
Students: Kerry Apostolo, Timothy Paul Capecchi, Jessica Clima, Jacqueline Marie
Cook, Rachel Dahlborg, Matthew Dattwyler, Adam Ryan Demner, Ezra Detroy,
Amanda Jane Fantry, James Felker, Patricia Fermin, Heidrun Elizabeth Gollogly, John
Patrick Curtis Gonzales, Jennifer Tome Higa, Shipra Hingorany, Miriam Kishinevsky,
Andrew Steffes Korson, Megan Rae Linnebur, Jessica May, Hristina N Natcheva, Nita
Nayak, Jennifer Anne Nowak, Julie Rice, Daniel Ricotta, Jordan Isaac Roth, Jayne B
Rozelle, Lauren Spring, Jamie Stratton, David Tian, Edward Yap
Alumni: John Joseph Degliuomini, Joanna Pessolano
Faculty: Jay D Draoua, Ray Whitt
Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University—Kappa New York
Students: Alaleh Akhavan, Lukas Robert Austin-Page, Revekka Babayev, Adam Finn
Binder, Laura Eve Brown, Kathleen Mary Buchheit, Yu Chen, Larissa Ann Chismar,
Matthew Czaja, Izak Faiena, Jonathan Ross Groden, Evan Kandler Grove, Nancy
Habib, Margo Shawn Harrison, Svetlana Sarah Kachan-Liu, David Khalil, Sameer
Kumar Kulkarni, Nicholas Kwaan, Brenda F Levy, Caitlin Patricia McMullen, Yolanda
Michetti, Troy Anthony Miles, Jonathan U Peled, Jennifer Ann Schaub, Jessica
Schreiber-Zinaman, Natasha Shapiro, Alan T Sheyman, David Greenfield Snetman,
Ari Spiro, Angela Mable Trinh, Danielle Justine Usatin, Roger E Wiltfong, Sarah
Marie Yannascoli
Faculty: Amy Emanuela Kesselman
Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University—Lambda New York
Students: Tara E Albano, Luke John Benvenuto, Mai-Khanh Bui-Duy, Justin Chan,
Lora Rabin Dagi, Ralph Michael DeBiasi, German Echeverry, Naamit Kurshan
Gerber, Lisa Michelle Hammond, Jonathan Lee, Rebecca Lucy Luckett, Emily Claire
McClung, Alexander James Millman, Courtney Nagel, Meghan Pearl, Andrea
Schwartz, Sheryl Serbowicz, Maria Widmar, Lauren Zajac
Alumni: Daniel Caplivski, June Kim
Faculty: Katherine T Chen, Edward John Ronan
House staff: Edward Chan, Brian Marc Elliott, Ilene B Goldstein
Stony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine—Mu New York
Students: Kristen Ann Aliano, Yelena Bogdan, Kenneth Friedman, Sara Kalkhoran,
Mahsa Hoshmand Kochi, Kevin Lai, Daniel J Lee, Lorena LoVerde, Amar Buddhadev
Manvar, James E Miranda, Eugene Jon Pietzak III, Michaela Danielle Restivo, Mark
Snyder, Brandon Scott Sprung, Ashley Ward, Benjamin Yam
Alumni: Scott Johnson
Faculty: William L Jungers, Daniel Yellon
NORTH CAROLINA
Duke University School of Medicine—Alpha North Carolina
Students: Matthew Murray Crowe, Susan Emmett, McKinley Glover, Stephen
Cannada Harward, Robert Andrew Henderson, Michael Hodavance, Elmer Philip
Lehman IV, Wenjing Liu, Paula Pecen, Matan Isaac Setton, Lauren Rebecca Simel,
Weiyi Tan, Richard Christopher Waters, David Alan Watkins, Tyler Steven Watters,
Caroline Eva Yeager
Alumni: Edward Hecht Bossen
Faculty: Sharon Fridovich Freedman, Cynthia Shortell
House staff: Brent Allen Hanks
Wake Forest University Health Sciences (School of Medicine)—Beta North
Carolina
Students: Timothy Bruce Alton, Hoyt Randall Beard, Joseph Charles Benjamin,
Bradley Edward Bowen, Ashley Renee Brown, Michelle Lynn Bryan, Snow Daws,
Michael Wayne Evans, Stuart David Ginn, Ilya Gorbachinsky, Matthew Ryan Grace,
Kathleen Harknett, Jessica Lynn Hata, Elizabeth B Hunt, Christopher Hunter, William
P Huntington, Ida Sheevaun Khaki, Dylan Corey Lippert, Emily Myers Mann, Carrie
Elizabeth Quinn McCloskey, Todd Peacock, Jeremy Webb
Alumni: Gary Lon Morgan
Faculty: Tamison Jewett, Vinay Thohan
House staff: Montgomery Lee Roberts, Oliver Adrian Varban
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine—Gamma
North Carolina
Students: Michael Joseph Adelman, Shereen Azam Alavian, Craig Joseph Baden,
Kaitlyn Marie Bailey, Joshua Berkowitz, Jason E Blatt, Ross Mathew Boyce, Ashmita
Chatterjee, Steven H Cook, Casey Jae Davis, Joshua Seth Davis, Matthew Morris
Dedmon, Bradley C Fetzer, Maria Katherine Henry, Christopher Horvat, Matthew
Ramseur McDaniel, Charles Brandon Mitchell, Nathan Montgomery, Haley
Burchfield Ringwood, Alyssa Darcelle Searles, Lauren Claire Smith, Abhineet Uppal,
Daniel Paul Verges, Sally D Wood
Alumni: Leonard Alden Parker
Faculty: Luis A Diaz, Hong Jin Kim
House staff: James Darrell Laudate, Allen Fletcher Marshall, Lucas Wymore
The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University—Delta North
Carolina
Students: Phillip Andrew Austin, Linda Bridges Bialobrzeski, Michael Brian Burris,
Natalie Lucas Davies, Stephen Wayne Davies, Natalie Desouza, Hayley Michelle
Fischer-Hayes, Samuel Allen Hayes, Steven Todd Hobgood, Kathryn Leigh Idol-Xixis,
Susan Ashley Morgan, Alexandra Te Stang, Neel George Thomas, Ying Zhang
NORTH DAKOTA
University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences—Alpha
North Dakota
Students: Cameron Mark Charchenko, Amanda Jean Johnson, Emily Koeck, Justin
LeBlanc, Jared Michael Mahylis, Erica Leigh Martin-Macintosh, Jeffrey Brian Nelson,
Luke William Van Alstine, Tiffany Kristen Weber
Alumni: Andrea Rochelle Howick
Faculty: Joan Marie Connell, Erdal Diri
House staff: Georges El Hoyek, Jay Martin MacGregor, Avish Nagpal
OHIO
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine—Alpha Ohio
Students: Shannon Nicole Acker, Ashley D Alexander, Pamela MaryJane Aubert,
Emi Elizabeth Bays, Stephanie Frances Chandler, Patrick Fitzgerald Elliott, Natalia
Grindler, Ihab Halaweish, Michael Lee Hudson, Matthew Douglas Kalp, Allen Lam,
Aaron Joseph Lindsay, Syed Saad Mahmood, Jovana Yanique Martin, Shibani Mukerji,
Pankit Parikh, Morgan Kate Richards, Jonathon O Russell, Daniel Sand, Sarah Beth
Smith, Gregory Ward, Amber Nicole Watters, Nicholas James Wilson, Nina R
Woldenberg
Faculty: Elizabeth Dorr McKinley
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine—Beta Ohio
Students: Jared C Bentley, Catherine Callie Coombs, Elizabeth Courtney CraneSherman, Meghan M Crute, Lauren Elizabeth Dubas, Anne Marie Guappone, Patrick
James Haas, Aliecia Margeurite Hochhausler, Robert William Isfort, Heather Kaiser,
Robert James Larke, William J Moravec, Rachael Nemcic, Robert Orlowski, Neha
Patel, Allison Rose, John David Sargent, Kristin Anne Schmidlin, Jeffrey Michael
Sutton, Paul Toste, Kara E von Zychlin, Michael James Wert, Willis Taylor Williams,
Trisha Wise-Draper, Ke Xie
Alumni:
Faculty: Karl Golnik, Joel Tsevat
House staff: Jocelyn Marie Logan-Collins, Udayakumar Navaneethan, Colby A Wyatt
Ohio State University College of Medicine—Gamma Ohio
Students: Alicia Marie Alcamo, Clayton Bettin, Elaine Michele Binkley, Tirza Mary
Costello, Peter Croft, Coral Xantia Day, Angela Fan Zhou Douglas, Taylor Andrew
Finseth, Andrew David Foster, Haven Rebecca Garber, Aaron M Gerstenmaier,
Patricia Anne Gilligan, James Wes Halderman, Elizabeth Halley, Jeffrey William
Hawk, Vincent Ho, Brittany Belcastro Hubbell, Elizabeth Anne Huffman, Jennifer
Louise Hunnicutt, Rowan Karaman, Katelyn Elizabeth Krivchenia, Jeffrey I
Kutsikovich, Rein Lambrecht, Jessica Lynn Leadford, Bryan Jennings Liming, Mary
Elizabeth Mccrate, Michael Wesley Milks, Mary Sandquist, Mary Scaduto, Scott
Thomas Shemory, Janice R Shook, Rebecca Anne Sieber, Jennifer Sopkovich, Clayton
Robert Taylor, Kenneth D Varian, Kiersten Walther
Alumni: Clotilde Bowen, Francis Michael Minch
Faculty: Michael Rhodes Grever, Richard Davis Shell
House staff: Nicholas John Behrendt, Hallie Prescott, Erin Nicole Ricciardi
The University of Toledo, College of Medicine—Delta Ohio
Students: Patrick C Beeman, Jaime Michelle Bucher, Elvis Cami, George Andrew
Carberry, Eric Dockter, Dustin Fleck, Amanda Irene Jan, Christina Sue Jenkins,
Stephen C Johnson, Bruce Franz Kaufman, Derek Klaus, Adam Mahoney, Emily
McDonnell, Bryan Moloney, Thomas Richard O’Toole, Anand Pattani, Clayton
Richard Perry, Brittany Raburn, Grant William Reed, Jessica Lynn Reynolds, William
Patrick Schmitt, Erica Sprague, Robert Brent Steiner, Jill Tseng, Jason Russell Young
Alumni: Donna A Woodson
Faculty: Maurice Manning, Gretchen Tietjen
Wright State University Boonschoft School of Medicine—Epsilon Ohio
Students: Erin Leigh Brattoli, Megan Marie Chambers, Jason R Ferrel, Melanie
Elizabeth Golembiewski, Jessica Erin Guyer, Jennifer King, Katrina Lambert, Crystal
Rose Lantz, Yuchun Grace Liao, Aminata N Mansaray, Laura Dawn Phillips-Chou,
Shanthi S Ramesh, Jeffrey Scott Robinson, Lindsay Michael Stollings
Faculty: Terry Lee Correll
House staff: Ryan Patrick Finnan, Christopher Thomas Manetta, Muddassir
Mehmood
Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine—Zeta Ohio
Students: Rachel Elizabeth Barron, Patrick Louis Brine, Michael Chichak, Kelly A
Covey, Chad Patrick Henson, Donald Nicholas Hope, Brian Katz, Elena Kazimirko,
Katherine A Kutney, David Lerner, Maria Emmeline Lim, Reema Mallick, Kevin Pan,
Deepa D Patadia, Jennifer Michelle Rybka, Erin Smith, Sunpreet S Tandon, Brittain
Hammill Tulbert, Johanna Sharisse Wilson, Jeffrey Yang Jr
Alumni: Iain H Kalfas, Melissa Shannon Kirven
Faculty: Thomas McDonald File Jr, James Scott Young
House staff: Lauren N Burns, George L Trimble IV
OKLAHOMA
University of Oklahoma College of Medicine—Alpha Oklahoma
Students: Jeffrey Belisle, Stephanie Lynn Boes, Cassandra Rae Duncan-Azadi, Joel
David Dunn, Brandt Esplin, Jessica Rochelle Fesler, Tyson Dale Fisher, Blake Daniel
Forcina, Paul Foreman, Sara Fransen Grace, Larissa Hines, Carla Holcomb, Lisa
Holeman, Michael Philip Hood, John Charles Kaufman, Thomas Lance Lane, Kaylan
Leigh Lawson, Yaohan Li, Julie Anne Linden, Brooke N McQueen, Gwendolyn Kay
Neel, Mary Samantha Paden, Christopher Rose, Crista Jean Thomas, Eric David
Thomas, Brandon Trojan, Ryan Joseph Trojan, Mary Elizabeth Turner, Rebecca
Jeanne Vana, Joshua Stephen Weingartner, Eric Sa Wisenbaugh
OREGON
Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine—Alpha
Students: Shivali Agnani, Alalia Berry, Erin Jean Braithwaite, Matthew Dale Brock,
Jill Kathleen R Christensen, Jessica Lee Davis, Ryne Alexandra Didier, Jenna Marie
Donaldson, John Phillip Dupaix, Laura Eastburn Keck, Zachariah Kramer, Evan Los,
Megan Rose Lundeberg, Geoff Maly, Jonathan Robert Meserve, Kyle Edward Mouery,
Kara Siegrist-Taylor, Anna Michelle Stagner, Tara Cathryn Stahla, Sean Summers,
Rachel Marie Thomas, Jessica Lynn Voge, Wendy Leigh Walker, Brian Raymond
Winters
Faculty: Daniel Handel, Rebecca Harrison
House staff: Katherine Iossi, Andre Martin Mansoor, Taketo Watase
PENNSYLVANIA
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University—Alpha
Pennsylvania
Students: Victoria Marie Addis, Michael Christopher Aynardi, Shannon Nicole Bailey,
Cameron M Bass, Irina Belinsky, John Smith Berry IV, Timothy Baldwin Brown,
Sudeshna Chatterjee, Ryan Christopher Cleary, Karen Lynn Connolly, Jennifer Lea
Davis, Ismar Dizdarevic, Danielle N Elliott, Matthew C Ferroni, Alithea Gabrellas,
Geoffrey Steven Gaunay, Mudit Gilotra, Ian Patrick Hayden, Janae Kathleen Heath,
Virginia Jackson, Robert Luke Kinner, Franklin Chong-Ho Lee, Patricia Anne Loftus,
Aldo V Londino, Elizabeth Kyle Meehan, Sarah J Nagle, Timothy Eric Newhook,
Arpan A Patel, Michael William Quartuccio, Nathan Russell Roberts, Elise Saddleton,
Anish N Sen, Colin Lloyd Smith, Joshua Sommovilla, Erica B Stein, Renee Szumski,
Kimberly Ann Tefft, Raya Terry, Kathryn McKinna Van Abel, Ryan van Hoff, Elliot
Wakeam
Faculty: Demetrius H Bagley, Robert H Rosenwasser
House staff: Adam Luginbuhl, Ankitkumar Kirankumar Patel
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine—Beta Pennsylvania
Students: Jane Ilana Bernstein, Lawrence Thomas Bish, Rachael Elizabeth Bonawitz,
Beth Dolinsky, Kian Eftekhari, Lea Alexa Filippone, Brandon C Gabel, Ryan Grant,
Marie Angelique Guerraty, Alexia Virginia Harrist, Rebecca Sylvie Isserman, Neha
Jeurkar, Amit Vikram Khera, Benjamin Monteverde Kleaveland, Susan Catherine
Lipsett, Sarah Longworth, Aura Maria Obando, Christina Shearer Palmer, Aaron
Paul, Megan Bye Richie, Anna Louise Ross, Jamie Catherine Timmons, Michael
Antonio Vella, Jessica Ann Volk, Jennifer L Weinberg, Anna Katharine Weiss,
Anthony Joseph Wilson, Alexandra Nicole Yurkovic
Faculty: James S White
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine—Gamma Pennsylvania
Students: Neilly Ann Buckalew, Nadine Champsi, Bhumy Dave, Thomas W DeCato,
Ian Gorovoy, Robert Frederick Groff, Kristen Nicole Gross, Jessica Sanna Kim, Brian
Chei-Fai Lau, Andrew Hans Leuenberger, Sunil Misra, Rachel Lynn Orler, Meera
Sheffrin, Melissa Kay Stewart, Matthew James Stull, Sarah Brennan Sullivan, Laura
Jean Viccaro, Rachel Ren Wang, Karl Nicholas Yaeger, Zachary Andrew Zator
Faculty: Franklin Bontempo, Stephanie Buck Dewar
House staff: Michelle Moniz, Javier Salgado Pogacnik
Drexel University College of Medicine—Delta-Zeta
Students: Maire Abraham, Stephanie Ann Austin, Therese Bittermann, Rahul Kumar
Biyani, Jeffrey Brennan, Jillian Cronin Buhler, Nicholas Celano, Preston Wyatt
Chadwick, Sharon Deol, Timothy Liam Donegan, Lindsay Kathleen Finkas, Tamir
Friedman, David Galos, Robert Adam Goldfarb, Sujeet Govindan, Jared Chase
Grochowsky, Brianne Elizabeth Hackman, Scott S Harris, Meredith Anne Harrison,
Megan Elizabeth Healy, Joann Beth Hunsberger, Jared Alan Johnstun, Krister J Jones,
Rachel Bulbul Kadakia, Adam Trowbridge Lipman, Kristin Jeanne Livingston, Peter
Stewart Maropis, Amelia McLennan, Michael Joseph Messina, Brian Mosier, Joshua
Charles Obuch, Nathan Olson, Elizabeth Lynn Pinney, Sarah Sangnim Rhee, Shawn
Paul Robinson, Amanda Celest Roof, Avnee Shah, Christa Marie Siebenburgen,
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New members
Gregory Scott Smith, Vikas Thondapu, Shannon Lisa Tocchio, Pollianne Ward, Jason
Ben Winkler, Rosemary Yi, Shuhao Zhang
Alumni: Carol L Carraccio, Donald M Yealy
Faculty: Bernard Abraham Eskin, Page Morahan
House staff: Katherine Anne Gargiulo, Chileshe Nkonde, Lauren Jodie Van Scoy
Temple University School of Medicine—Epsilon Pennsylvania
Students: Daniel Joseph Ackerman, Sang Wook An, Bryn Anne Boslett, Robert
John Brenchak, Brian Campfield, Marybeth Rose Concannon, Samantha English
Day, Leigh Anne DiCicco, Jonathan Finkel, Gurpreet Kaur Gill, Silke Heinisch, Amy
Elizabeth Hosmer, Lauren Elizabeth Krug, Andreas Michael Lamelas, Mollie Abigail
Land, Barrett Little, Kelly Loftus, Tiffany Kay Lonchena, Robert Andrew Miller,
Daniel Jon Mueller, Ann Marie Murray, Carolynn Joy Ainsworth Nassar, Adaobi I
Nwaneshiuu, Michael O’Malley, Kim An Quach, Hannah Ravreby, Nathan Chris
Tiedeken, Marc Tolley, Porshia Marie Tomlin, Anne Hemphill Warner
Alumni: Joseph J Thoder, Jacob W Ufberg
Faculty: Gilbert D’Alonzo, Robert Stephen Fisher
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine—Eta Pennsylvania
Students: Steven A Azaravich, David Scott Baird, Annalee Morgan Baker, Jonathan
Scott Bassett, Lindsey Alison Beers, Levi Potter Benson, Garret Wayne Choby,
Andrea Beth Conway, Christopher Edwards, Galen Toye Foulke, Elizabeth Ann
Westen Fountaine, Elisabeth R Garwood, Amanda Bird Gilmartin, Yan Ho, Christine
Marie Homcha, Jessica Lauren Hootnick, Nathan C Hull, Seth E Ilgenfritz, Matthew
Eugene Jansen, Afif Naji Kulaylat, Kelly Ann Laraway, Mark Joseph Masciocchi, Ryan
Michael Mitchell, Erin Lindsay Murata, Charles Michael Pagana, Brandon Shane
Smetana, Bozho Todorich, Christina Jayne Tofani, Jordan Anthony Torok
Faculty: Michael Jay Green, Thomas J McGarrity
House staff: Lillian Marie Erdahl, Jessica Lynn Henderson, Paul Howard Smith III
PUERTO RICO
University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine—Alpha Puerto Rico
Students: Milliette Alvarado, Jose A Alvarez-Cardona, Idanis M Berrios-Morales,
Eduardo J Colom-Beauchamp, Nydia Ymar Colon-Irizarry, Hector Javier Diaz, Maria
Eugenia Florian-Rodriguez, Stephanie Font-Diaz, Reinaldo Jose Fornaris, Jessica
Gonzalez-Hernandez, Luis Saul Lizardo-Sanchez, Ronald J Lopez-Cepero Mulero,
Akram Mesleh-Shayeb, Ana Maria Pabon-Martinez, Leilanie Perez-Ramirez, Sulimar
Rodriguez-Santiago, Jose E Velazquez-Vega
Alumni: William Micheo, Carmen D Zorrilla
Faculty: Yazmin Pedrogo, Sharee Ann Umpierre
House staff: Keimari Mendez-Martinez
Ponce School of Medicine—Beta Puerto Rico
Students: Joanne E Castillo, Daryana Cruz, Nathania M Figueroa Guilliani, Simone
Amanda Neuwelt, Leah Ailed Orta Nieves, Yahaira Ortiz-Munoz, Ana-Marie Rojas
Sol, Wilson Rovira-Pena, Frances G Tardy-Rivera
Faculty: Idhaliz Flores-Caldera
Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine—Gamma Puerto Rico
Students: William Arroyo, Dorgam Badran, Luz Juliana Barahona, Daniela Carlos,
Lisa Michelle Cruz-Aviles, Kelly Ughini De Souza, Jonathan Guerra, Sullafa Muftah
Kadura, Alejandro Lopez Araujo, Nilsa De Jesus Rosario
Alumni: Wanda Ivelisse Torres
Faculty: Frances Lynn Garcia, Luis A Irizarry-Reyes
RHODE ISLAND
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University—Alpha Rhode
Island
Students: Andrew Allegretti, Andrew M Brunner, Margret W Chang, Jonah M Cohen,
Vincent D Criscione, Michael Steven Gart, Isaac William Howley, Austin Larson,
Joanna V MacLean, Charles Mitchell, Natalie J Nokoff, Eric J Palecek, Terence Tai
Weng Sio, Mary B Sutter, William G Tsiaras, Juan Camilo Vasquez, Beverly Ray
Young
Alumni: Galen Vincent Henderson
Faculty: Penelope H Dennehy, Kelly McGarry, John Teichgraeber
House staff: Alexander Phillip Edward Diaz de Villalvilla, Evangelos Messaris, Thomas
Murphy
SOUTH CAROLINA
Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine—Alpha South
Carolina
Students: Christopher McAlister Ayers, Annie Wei-Ting Chen, Megan Shive
Cifuni, Daniel Bryon Cobb, John Clayton Crantford, Stephen Aloysius Cross,
Stephen Hughes Finley, Jacob Ross Gillen, Robert A Glass III, Robert John Hosker,
Derrick Adam Huey, John Phillips Hungerford, Jason P Lockrow, Matthew
Christopher McDermott, John William Nance Jr, Allen Ernest Pendarvis Jr, Ashok K
Ramachandra, Eugene Ritter Sansoni, Roger Sullivan, Karin Whitlock Taylor, Daniel
Ryan Toms, Jenna Leigh Walters, Zachary Inskeep Willis
Faculty: William John Hueston, Patricia Geraty McBurney
House staff: James Michael Allen, Paul Thomas Eberts
University of South Carolina School of Medicine—Beta South Carolina
Students: Rose E Coady, Jonathan Ashby Davis, Trevor Michael Downing, April
A Grant, Brittany Nicole Knick, Justin Marsh, Jeffrey Paul Radabaugh, Hector
Rodriguez, Clara Eileen Sanders, Marion Morgan Swall
Alumni: Robert Carter Holleman Jr, Leroy F Robinson
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Faculty: Wendy Renee Cornett, L Britt Wilson
House staff: John Andrew Goldsmith
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota—Alpha South
Dakota
Students: Kimberly Nicole Harer, Seth William Harrer, Ross A Miller, Carrissa Mae
Pietz, Travis Scharnweber, Halie Marie Vosler, Emily June Winterton, Jesse Thomas
Young
Alumni: Charles Joseph Kopriva
Faculty: Paul C Bunger
House staff: Elizabeth Joanne Wheatley
TENNESSEE
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine—Alpha Tennessee
Students: Amir Michael Abtahi, Tiffany Nicole Suzanne Ballard, James Russell
Bekeny, Jashodeep Datta, Elizabeth Anne Gordon, Courtney Hayes Harrison, Eve
Henry, Natalie Louise Jacobowski, Emily Ann Kendall, Brandon Richard Litzner,
Daniel Adam Mordes, Jared Martin O’Leary, Alanna Marie Patsiokas, John Gary
Phillips, Miranda Danelle Raines, Johanna Nathania Riesel, Joshua Elliott Rubin,
Daniel Eidelberg Spratt, Sara Katharine Tedeschi, Eli Zimmerman
Alumni: Sara J Patterson
Faculty: Mohana Bhalchandra Karlekar, Amanda Grace Wilson
House staff: Francine V Arneson, Ryan Donald Hollenbeck, Daniel Garvin Stover
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine—Beta
Tennessee
Students: Alkesh Ashwinkumar Amin, Leslie Paige Austin, Danielle Lynne Barnard,
Jonathan Raines Berger, Emily Marie Bratton, Maryanne Matinee Chumpia, Daniel
Haden Doty, Bryan Scott England, Curtis Shannon Gaylord, Mary Katherine Johnson,
Emily Defur Joyce, Erik Michael Maryniw, Adam R Militana, Lawrence Kevin
O’Malley, Joshua P Parlaman, Jay Girish Patel, Brian Christopher Payne, Barry Joel
Pelz, Ron Benton Pitkanen, Ian Craig Reinemeyer, Jerry Mark Smith, Byron Fitzgerald
Stephens
Faculty: Rose Mary Sutton Stocks, Stephanie Ann Storgion
House staff: Brian Emanuel Brocato
Meharry Medical College School of Medicine—Gamma Tennessee
Students: Ryan Bliss, Cassandra Bradby, Brittany Joy Brown, May Cho, Tiffany Latrice
Clay, Jared Michael Davis, Maria Theresa dela Cruz Ramones, Tonya L Dixon,
Jeanene H Gabriel, Ikponmwosa Iyamu, Rosanne Leger, Brooke Louisa Morrell,
HaiThuy N Nguyen, Luis Horacio Ocampo Jr, Alexis L Rodriguez
Alumni: Barbara Alfreda Duncan-Cody, Howard Clarence Willis
Faculty: Millard D Collins, Ayodeji Ayoola Oso
East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine—Delta
Tennessee
Students: Maikel Ella Botros, David Dahl, Daniel Weston Hobgood, Laura Kristin
Howell, Ginger Lovingood, Charles Orton, Georganna Michelle Rosel, Eric Davis
Smith, Jeanne Marie Young
Faculty: Jason B Moore
House staff: Dinesh Sharma
TEXAS
University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas Medical School at
Galveston—Alpha Texas
Students: Caitlin Gayle Andrews, Conor John Best, Bo Beus, Jonathan David Braun,
Andrew William Chambers, Kelly Elizabeth Cline, Andrew Michael Courson, Adam
Djurdjulov, Paul Michael Evans, Jeremy Andrew Halbe, Michael Andrew Hames,
Jacey Refaat Hanna, Adriane Floyd Haragan, John Clare Heymann, Paul Houghtaling,
Auris Onn-Lay Huen, Sharon Elizabeth Hughes, Titilope Adenike Ishola, Charles
William Kimbrough, Katie Lael Kucera, Jillian Whitney Lazor, Anthony James Lewis,
Michaela Renee Marek, Robert Nathanson, Julie Nguyen, Matthew Brian Pavelka,
Emiko Petrosky, Michael Leroy Rains, Sanjita Ravishankar, Eric Scott Rosenberger,
Jennifer Lynn Russell, Christopher Michael Sakowski, Ronald Jeffrey Schmitt, Adam
Joseph Schneider, Richa Shukla, Jacob Guia Thomas, Michael Wang
Baylor College of Medicine—Beta Texas
Students: Amir Aboutalebi, Sunaina Subodhkumar Bhuchar, Sydney Lane Boule,
Steven Siangkiat Chua, Mary Caitlin Dooley, Pamela Griffin Ferry, Gary Bryan
Fillette, Jennifer Rose Gatchel, Waqar Mohammad Haque, Michael James Holland,
Adam Brent Hollander, Gary Lloyd Horn Jr, Kelli Danielle Jones, Reva Kakkar, Ramiro
Jose Madden-Fuentes, Christopher Patrick Neumann, Roma Rajesh Patel, Lauren
Elizabeth Patterson, Christian David Albert Peccora, Christine Elizabeth Petrich,
Brian Craig Rodgers, Robert Donald Russell, Robert Lee Salazar, Amishi Yogesh Shah,
Fareesa Shuja, Emma Phyllis Whitcomb
Faculty: John H Coverdale
House staff: Benjamin Davis Fox, Chad Michael Ruoff
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Southwestern
Medical School—Gamma Texas
Students: Krista Ruth Alexander, Eric Arnold, Bryant Carroll Boren, Isaac
Alexander Bowman, Lyle Burdine, Shurong Chang, Joy Chen, Lee Warren Chen,
Sadia Choudhery, Mark Dalesandro, Jameson Cuyler Dear, Jamie Nella Frediani,
Emily Gaddis, Kristina Liselotte Goff, Michael Graves, Elizabeth Ashley Hardin,
James Curtis Harms, Ana Kashfia Islam, Rachel Jamison, Megan Marie Johnson,
Anthony Nguyen Khuu, Andrew Brian Kleinberg, George Franklin LeBus V, Meghan
McDonald, Markey Carden McNutt, Karim Anthony Meijer, Benjamin D Mouser,
Hillary E Myears, Liliana Nanez, Patricia Lorrayne Purcell, James Wirth Sargent IV,
Joseph W Spellman, Shena Thomas, Christine Lee Vigeland, Maggie Waung, Sarah A
Wingfield, Weilan Zuo
Alumni: R Ellwood Jones
Faculty: Joel Mitchell Goodman
House staff: Dawn S Hui, Grace L Lee, Wayne Kent Nelson
University of Texas Medical School at Houston—Delta Texas
Students: Booth Wiley Aldred, Glynda Caga-anan, Jordan Austin Cain, Kevin Chap,
Ross Joseph Chapel, Jaclyn Jin-Ling Chen, Joseph Childs, Melissa Louise Diamantis,
John Frederick Dunn, Ashleigh Michelle Francis, Elizabeth Rebecca Caroline
Geddes, Megan McRee Geloneck, Joshua Scott Griffin, Patrick Thomas Griffin,
Quinton Morrow Hatch, Amanda K Hernandez, Diana Margaret Hook, Daniel
Rhodes Kievlan, Adam Kingeter, Margaret Markham, William Robert Miller, Gregory
Lane Naugher, Sarah H O’Connell, Kathryn Palumbo, Mary Kendall Parker, Phillip
Noah Parmet, Matthew James Pommerening, Scott M Reis, Catherine Elizabeth
Riddel, Matthew Rogers, Katherine Schroeder, Sara Swineford, Joseph Emile Tayar,
Christopher Ross Thompson, Vicente Valero, Haider Virani, Dia Rose Waguespack,
Taylor Brooke Wootton, Bryan Charles Yelverton
Alumni: Timothy Boone
Faculty: Pedro Mancias, John F Teichgraeber
House staff: Ioannis Alagkiozidis, Katie Leighanne Hendley
University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio—Epsilon Texas
Students: Kaessee Lee Brown, Stefanie Bryant, Tina Chou, Edwin Chu, Amit P Desai,
Brendan Patrick Dewan, Brian Alan Fishero, Megan Alicia Freeman, Stephanie
Marie Gardner, Taggart Taylor Gauvain, Steven David Gibbons, William Garrett
Greendyke, Scott Michael Greene, Michelle Moriah Hagopian, Kayla Evonne Ireland,
Kiley Johnson, Jaime Jones, Joseph Jongbum Kim, Megan Presley Kostibas, Catherine
Megan Lacey, Jeremy D Leland, Victor Lopez, Melissa Ann Muszynski, Anh D
Nguyen, Catherine Pham, Jason Bryant Pond, Jorge Alfredo Ramirez, Nainesh Shah,
Rachel Rebecca Shepherd, C Grant Staples, Julie Beth Stavinoha, Christopher Roy
Stelton, Melissa Ashley Talbert, Nicole Victoria Walker, Kelli Renee Yee
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine—Zeta
Texas
Students: Hosam Nabil Attaya, Shila Azodi, Kevin Joseph Barnes, Cody Ryan Beaver,
Richard Bliss, Justin Benson Clayton, Ashley Brandon DeLaCerda, Chase Dalton
Derrick, Mitchell George Eichhorn, Daniel Evans, Stephen John Griffin, Charlie
Andrew Hogan, Shan Renee Huang, Winslo Idicula, Katherine Ikard, Natalie Brittan
Lane, Christopher Thomas Lee, James Rex Lemert, Danny Luong, Eric Brandon
Martin, Amber Michelle Moreland, Usha Rao, Katie Beth Reding, Jordan Brent
Simpson, Ashley Lillian Estes Sturgeon, Raymond Barrier Theodosis, Vincenzo
Wong, Brandon Wesley Wright
Alumni: B Wayne McNeil, Jennifer Johnson Mitchell
House staff: Sameer Rafiul Islam, Chad Barrett Johnson
The Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine—Eta Texas
Students: Rohan Ahluwalia, Ananth Kumar Arjunan, Timothy Naff Ball, Blake Bond,
Kristin Lee Bond, Nickolas Ray Byrge, Kevin Ching, Elise Eckhardt, Ramesh Kumar,
Benjamin Martino, Michael McNeal, Janelle Myers Perrone, Luke Benjamin Potts,
Erica Rensvold, Jonathan Walgama, Oliver Wu
Alumni: Alec Dean Steele
Faculty: Alejandro Arroliga, James Howard Brien
House staff: Mitchell Edward Deshazer, Anita Dilip Karnik, Alan Ray Trumbly
UTAH
University of Utah School of Medicine—Alpha Utah
Students: James Ted Allred, Melody R Anderson, Ryan James Bair, Laurel Kristen
Bradford, Matthew F Covington, Tricia Hauschild, Rohn McCune, Cynthia Newberry,
Leah Anne Owen, Asha Sarma, Joshua Alan Schliesser, Joseph S Schmutz, Rita
Sharshiner, Jason William Young, Brian Earl Zaugg
VERMONT
University of Vermont College of Medicine—Alpha Vermont
None reported
VIRGINIA
University of Virginia School of Medicine—Alpha Virginia
Students: Ryan Peter Bartkus, Steven Edward Bishop, An Hong Bui, Lisa Renee
Chastant, William Tessin Derry, Laura Thorne Ekka, Eric J Feuchtbaum, Joseph
Derek Forrester, Carrie Katherine Grouse, Paul David Hiles, Clark David Kensinger,
Megan Elizabeth Lohr, Vivek Narayan, Elizabeth Anne Nicolli, Andrew Park, Melissa
Lanier Collins Park, Arich Ryan Reynolds, Kristen Ritenour, Jeremy Ross, Michael
Semanik, Kathryn Stansfield Sutton, James Alexander Thomas, Cynthia Elizabeth
Wagner, Matthew Wilson
Alumni: Delos M Cosgrove III
Faculty: Barrett Henley Barnes
House staff: Karim Sadik
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine—Beta Virginia
Students: Srinath Adusumalli, Matthew Curtis Avery, Sudheer Balakrishnan, Sara
Tavernier Burgardt, Dana Casey Chan, Sarah Katherine Connell, Sarah Beth Corley,
Vladimir Paul Daoud, Maya D Fetter, Daniel Fistere Jr, Breanna Leah Harpstead,
Eddie Keith Hasty, Kami Michelle Hu, Allison Lange, Lauren Terry Lastinger, Robert
Brinton Layser, Amanda Lenderink-Carpenter, Pramote Malasitt, Kevin Darrow
Marcus, Nathan George Miller, Joshua Aaron Morales, Thomas Matthew Mullin,
Collier Stephens Pace, James Michael Pellerin, Duy Lam Phan, Brian Robertson,
Joseph Daniel Romano, Erin Janette Saks, Nicholas Rosario Scarcella, Nisha Pulpet
Warrier, Roderick Jack Willmore, Caroline Winslow
Alumni: Sheldon Retchin
Faculty: Jeffrey T Kushinka, Evan Reiter
House staff: Andrew Binder, Adebowale Odulana, Aamer Syed
Eastern Virginia Medical School —Gamma Virginia
Students: David Andrew Ahlers, Jessica Renee Barber, Kimberly Erin Barker, Samuel
Llewellyn Casella, Wendy Alford Haft, Julia Johnson, Andrew Evans Leake, Katherine
Marie Lunney, Bethany Michele Mulla, Dan-Vinh Pham Nguyen, W Michael Pullen,
Baddr Ahed Shakhsheer, Waleed Christos Sneij, Stephen Charles Stacey Jr, Jonathan
David van de Leuv, Lyndy Jane Wilcox, Nathaniel Charles Hamm Wingert
Alumni: Joel Clingenpeel, Daniel Adam Neumann
Faculty: Amy Patricia Fantaskey, Jean Panneton
House staff: Thomas Edward Butler, Nathaniel Robert Poulin, Leah Marie Sieren
WASHINGTON
University of Washington School of Medicine—Alpha Washington
Students: Evan James Allan, Juli Anne Armstrong, Nayan Arora, Ryan Thomas
Barrett, Daniel J Benedetti, David Paul Dorsey, Karen Christine Halsted, Peter
Nicholas Hunt, Elsbeth Chiyo Jensen-Otsu, Paul Samuel Martin, Timothy William
Menza, Dayne Mickelson, Sylvia Kana Mollerstrom, Katherine Grace Oldenburg,
Elizabeth Peacock-Chambers, Donald Joe Perry, Louis Ludwig Stuart Horst Poppler,
Micahlyn Marie Powers, Scarlet Reichenbach, Leah Scanlin Ronald, Erika Cowman
Schetter, Hollie Sexton, Mackenzie Slater, Hana Smith, Rachel Sparks, Karna K
Sundsted, Laura Cauthorn Swanson, David Tarby, Ana Jorgenson Torvie, Jessica
Valentine, David Andrew Williams, Elizabeth Anne Zeeck
Faculty: Steven Gerstner, John Geyman
House staff: Kanishka Garvin, Christine Chen Jensen, David Byung Min
WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia University School of Medicine—Alpha West Virginia
Students: Simon Levi Amsdell, Ryan Michael Carr, Megan Michele Cecchini, Derek
Clark, Christopher Eric Estel, Gregory Hale, Jennifer Lynn Koay, Brittani Kellin
Ninness, Ahsley Rawson, Matthew Joseph Schessler, Carl Seynnaeve, Brian Michael
Snelling, Dana Michele Tiberio, Ryan Matthew Wilson, Lana Winkler, Bethany Ann
Woomer
Faculty: Robert James Tallaksen
House staff: Kimberly J Fairley
Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University—Beta West
Virginia
Students: Jessica Rae Brown, James Bryan Doub, Daniel Roque Felbaum, Andrew
Richard Hutchens, Kristin Mary Klosterman, John Gabriel Maijub, Mary Temple Sale,
Randall Joseph Schultz, Jarrod Smith, Coben David Thorn
Alumni: Paul Ray Durst, Ross M Patton
Faculty: Charles Eugene Giangarra, Carl Frederick McComas
House staff: Christopher David Adams, Susan Lee Flesher, Saif Arsan Mashaqi
WISCONSIN
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health—Alpha
Wisconsin
Students: Joel Thomas Adler, Stephen John Almasi, Jennifer Jo Barr, Erik Scott
Fossum, Meghan Jo’An Furlong, Joseph David Hansen, Brian Carl Hilgeman, Michael
Patrick Kehoe, Sean Barrett Kuehn, Micaela Erin O’Neil, Bryan Dustin Pooler,
Andrew James Pugely, Lyndsey Nell Runaas, Cassie Marie Schmitt, Meghan Leigh
Schott, Joseph John Schreiber, Lisa Yao Shen, Jennifer Ann Stephani, Sarah Emily
Amend Tevis, Bimal Vyas, Evan Jared Warner, Shaun Yang, Eric Yanke, Jacqueline
Ziehr
Medical College of Wisconsin—Beta Wisconsin
Students: Laith Mutasem Al-Shihabi, Azam Basheer, Becky Jo Brey, Katherine
Elder Brick, Erica Ayami-Sato Byrd, Craig Elliott Cummings, Linda Kaye Czypinski,
Alexandra Fairchild, Holly Marie Frost, Jarom Nathan Gilstrap, Erica Corrine
Hofland, Alecia Nicole Huettl, Rebecca Marie Jansen, Benjamin Alan Keller, Rachel
Ann Kuznar, Benjamin Joseph Lasee, Matthew Christopher Mauck, Eric James May,
Elizabeth Ann McCarrel, Matthew John McFarlane, Melissa D Miller, Brad Steven
Nance, Jacob Robert Peschman, William Joseph Reynders, Robert Rogers, Stefanie
Suzanne Ruffolo, Steven Michael Schuckit, Jordan M Shapiro, David Ross Smart,
Corbin Draper Sullivan, Stephen James Summers, Jonathan Kendall Vincent
Faculty: Bruce Hegstad Campbell, Jean-Franáois Liard
House staff: Jessica Anne Crawford, Michael Edward Curley, Kory Donald Koerner
Students
Alumni
Faculty
House staff
Total number of new members





57
The Pharos
Volume 73
Index by author
Abbott C. Wear Something Red. Poem. Winter, .
Abdulla S. See Floyd CT et al.
Abelson HT. The Candidate. Poem. Summer, .
Abrams HL. Commentary: Reynolds HY. A medical ear in the early morning
tennis group—when to advise and what to say. Autumn, .
Ambrose CT. Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), –: The Swede who
named almost everything. Spring, –.
Anderson KT. Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MD: A legacy of medical education.
Autumn, –.
Bales DW. Accelerating human evolution?? Letter. Winter, .
Basile MA. Christians in the Movies: A Century of Saints and Sinners, by Peter E.
Dans. Reviews and reflections. Winter, –.
Berry J. Accelerating human evolution?? Letter. Winter, .
Blaha J. Re “Consultations . . . going, going, gone?” Letter. Summer, .
Blum A. Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of a Medical Landmark.
Autumn, .
Blum A. When I gets big. Poem. Summer, .
Bowe C. Josiah. Winter, –.
Brenner I. Re: “A Fatal Zest for Living.” Letter. Summer, –.
Brillman JC. Worried Sick: A Prescription for Health in an Overtreated America,
by Nortin M. Hadler. Reviews and reflections. Spring, –.
Buskirk M. Informal Education. Poem. Winter, .
Cantrell L. Poems by Linda Cantrell. Poems. Autumn, –.
Cesari A, Mackowiak PA. A fatal zest for living: The all too brief life of Mario
Lanza. Winter, –.
Chase RA. One Breath Apart: Facing Dissection, by Sandra L. Berman. Reviews
and reflections. Summer, –.
Chase RA. A Second Opinion: Rescuring America’s Health Care: A Plan for
Universal Coverage Serving Patients Over Profit, by Arnold S. Relman. Reviews
and reflections. Summer, .
Chesanow RL. A Voyage. Letter. Winter, .
Claman HN. On Wrinkles (Hiding the Evidence). Poem. Spring, .
Coe FL. Amanda’s Garden. Poem. Autumn, .
Cooper RA. Expanding physician supply—An imperative for health care reform.
Health policy. Spring, –.
Coulehan J. Doctors in Fiction: Lessons from Literature, by Borys Surawicz and
Beverly Jacobson. Reviews and reflections. Summer, –.
Coulehan J. Dying for Beginners, by Patrick Clary. Reviews and reflections.
Autumn, –.
Coulehan J. On Apology, by Aaron Lazare. Reviews and reflections. Spring,
–.
Crawford GB. Quiet Snow among the Dark. Poem. Autumn, .
Dale DC. Memorial: Edward D. Harris, Jr., MD: July , –May , .
Summer, .
Dans PE. The physician at the movies
Amelia. Summer, –.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. Winter, –.
Extraordinary Measures. Autumn, –.
Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story. Spring, –.
The Hurt Locker. Autumn, –.
Julie and Julia. Summer, –.
Night at the Museum: The Battle of the Smithsonian. Summer, .
Taking Chance. Winter, –.
Valkyrie. Spring, .
The Young Victoria. Summer, –.
Darby R. Ethical issues in the use of cognitive enhancement. Spring, –.
DeWitt D. The Challenge. Poem. Winter, .
Elahi E. See Floyd CT et al.
Floyd CT, Michael H, VanHoose JD, Elahi E, Abdulla S, Jinwala F, Reddy K, Solar
B, Freeman A, Huber W III, Palmore J, Sambasivan A. The winning photos
from the Web Site Photography Contest. Summer, –.
Foltermann MO. Neither/nor. Letter. Autumn, .
Freeman A. See Floyd CT et al.
Garcia EE. What Would Heifetz Do? Poem. Summer, .
Geynisman J. Adwoa. Poem. Autumn, .
Grubb BP. The Gaze. Poem. Summer, inside back cover.
Haddy FJ. Direct-to-consumer advertising. Health policy. Summer, –.
58
Harris ED Jr.
 Alpha Omega Alpha/Association of American Medical Colleges Robert
J. Glaser Distinguished Teacher Awards. Winter, –.
Alpha Omega Alpha elects honorary members. Spring, –.
Consultations . . . going, going, gone? Editorial. Winter, .
Existentialism, the physician’s philosophy. Editorial. Spring, .
Minutes of the o meeting of the board of directors of Alpha Omega
Alpha. National and chapter news. Spring, –.
Haywood LJ. Selling Teaching Hospitals. Letter. Winter, .
Hsu BS-H. Cost of a life. Health policy. Autumn, –.
Huber W III. See Floyd CT et al.
Hudak CD. Undaunted. Poem. Winter, .
Ilgenfritz S. The Procedure. Poem. Spring, .
Isenberg SF. A Simple Walk. Poem. Spring, inside back cover.
Jacobs J. Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices.” Letter. Summer, .
Jinwala F. See Floyd CT et al.
Kahn EN. The Gift. Poem. Winter, .
Kastor JA. An invitation. Health policy. Spring, .
Kastor JA. Will health reform reduce costs? Health policy. Winter, –.
Kopen DF. The inadquacy of legislative procedures and the infirmity of physician
organizations. Health policy. Summer, –.
Langhorne H. Post Chemo Treat. Poem. Autumn, .
Le J. Meditation on Surgical Masks. Poem. Winter, .
Lee TH. Health reform requires confronting myths. Health policy. Winter, –.
Lockshin MD. Medical publishing: Will paper live on? Summer, –.
Lopez FA. Almost five years later: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans health care,
and the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Summer, –.
Maas S. Wind. Poem. Autumn, .
Majmudar B. A One Bag, One Leg Lady. Poem. Winter, .
Mann A. Smoke. Poem. Winter, .
Marr JJ. Graft Rejection. Poem. Winter, .
Menkes JS. The right to sue. Letter. Winter, –.
Michael H. See Floyd CT et al.
Milano M. Hearing. Poem. Autumn, .
Miller EC. Attuning to equlibrium: Physician as artist, artist as physician.
Autumn, –
Morrison W. Carotid. Poem. Winter, .
Morrison W. Snapshot. Poem. Spring, .
Mukherjee S. Stroke in black and white. Autumn, –.
Muller D. Needlestick. Summer, –.
Nagarkar PA. Getting drug money out of doctors’ offices. Winter, –.
Nagarkar PA. Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices”: Mr. Nagarkar
responds to Dr. Jacobs. Letter. Summer, –.
Nissenblatt M. Summer, –.
Palmore J. See Floyd CT et al.
Parke S. Poppies. Poem. Autumn, inside back cover.
Patterson RB. Commentary: Cantrell L. Poems by Linda Cantrell. Autumn,
–.
Pederson T. The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized
Medicine, by Francis S. Collins. Reviews and reflections. Summer, –.
Pfeiffer E. Endings Are Beginnings. Poem. Summer, .
Platt FW. Technological Medicine: The Changing World of Doctors and Patients,
by Stanley Joel Reiser. Reviews and reflections. Autumn, –.
Plotz CM. Commentary: Reynolds HY. A medical ear in the early morning tennis
group—when to advise and what to say. Autumn, .
Plotz CM. Medical hand-me-downs. Letter. Winter, –.
Quinn S. The effect of Gchat deprivation on medical student productivity.
Winter, –.
Radu A. Eudaimonia, existentialism, and the practice of medicine. Spring, –.
Raphael A. The ethics of cosmetic enhancement. Winter, –.
Reddy K. See Floyd CT et al.
Reid EE. Studying in the Afternoon. Poem. Spring, .
Reynolds HY. A medical ear in the early morning tennis group—when to advise
and what to say. Autumn, –.
Richards DD III. Semmelweis: Magyar warrior. Summer, –.
Rousseau PC. Echocardiogram. Poem. Autumn, .
Roy RC. Spring of My Dying. Poem. Summer, back cover.
Sambasivan A. See Floyd CT et al.
Scherl ND. Reflections on a Photograph. Poem. Winter, .
Shankar PR. Doctors and pharmaceutical promotion. Letter. Spring, .
Smith RJ. Re “The Ethics of Cosmetic Enhancement.” Letter. Summer, .
Solar B. See Floyd CT et al.
Spaeth. One simple question can change the world. Autumn, –.
Staff
/ Administrative Recognition Awards. Autumn, .
/ Medical Student Service Project awards. Autumn, .
/ Visiting Professorships. Autumn, –.
/ Volunteer Clinical Faculty Awards. Autumn, .
 Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowships. Summer, –.
 Edward D. Harris Professionalism Award. Autumn, .
 Helen H. Glaser Student Essay Awards. Summer, .
 Pharos Poetry Competition winners. Summer, .
 Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Spring, .
Alpha Omega Alpha members elected in /. Autumn, –.
Announcement: Executive Director of Alpha Omega Alpha. Spring, back
cover
Announcing the  Pharos Editor’s Prize. National and chapter news.
Winter, 
Correction. Spring, .
Correction. National and chapter news. Winter, 
Dr. Francis Neelon joins the Pharos editorial board. National and chapter
news. Winter, 
Interim editor. National and chapter news. Summer, .
Instructions for Pharos authors. National and chapter news. Winter, –
Leaders in American Medicine. National and chapter news. Winter, 
Memorial donations. National and chapter news. Summer, .
The new Alpha Omega Alpha web site. National and chapter news. Winter,
.
The Pharos, Volume . Autumn, –.
Web Site Photography Contest. Winter, inside back cover.
Winner of the  Pharos Editor’s Prize. National and chapter news.
Winter, 
Winner of the Submit a Photo contest. Spring, .
Winning poems of the  Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Winter,
–.
Topol EJ. The consumer movement in health care. Health policy. Spring, –.
Trotter JA. The Picture of Health: A View from the Prairie, by Richard P. Holm
and Judith R. Peterson. Reviews and reflections. Winter, –.
Valdrighi A. The Woman with Everything. Poem. Winter, .
VanHoose JD. See Floyd CT et al.
Warren M. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Poem. Spring, .
Weiner MF. The Atheist Faces Death. Poem. Summer, .
Wiesenthal A. Death on call. Spring, –.
Williams RC Jr. Dancing at the River’s Edge: A Patient and Her Doctor Negotiate
Life with Chronic Illness, by Alida Brill and Michael D. Lockshin. Reviews and
reflections. Spring, .
Wilson DE. Richard L. Byyny, MD, appointed Executive Director of Alpha
Omega Alpha. Autumn, back cover.
Wolf PL. Ode to a Jaundiced Eye. Poem. Summer, .
Wood JC. The Alabaster Kiss. Poem. Spring, .
Wright JL. On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not, by
Robert A. Burton. Reviews and reflections. Autumn, –.
Zaroff LZ. Drowning in science . . . saved by Shakespeare. Spring, –.
Index by title
 Alpha Omega Alpha/Association of American Medical Colleges Robert J.
Glaser Distinguished Teacher Awards. Harris ED Jr. Winter, –.
/ Administrative Recognition Awards. Staff. Autumn, .
/ Medical Student Service Project Awards. Staff. Autumn, .
/ Visiting Professorships. Staff. Autumn, –.
/ Volunteer Clinical Faculty Awards. Autumn, .
 Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowships. Staff. Summer, –.
 Edward D. Harris Professionalism Award. Staff. Autumn, .
 Helen H. Glaser Student Essay Awards. Staff. Summer, .
 Pharos Poetry Competition winners. Staff. Summer, .
 Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Staff. Spring, .
Adwoa. Poem. Geynisman J. Autumn, .
The Alabaster Kiss. Poem. Wood JC. Spring, .
Almost five years later: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans health care, and the
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Lopez FA. Summer, –.
Alpha Omega Alpha elects honorary members. Harris ED Jr. Spring, –.
Alpha Omega Alpha members elected in /. Staff. Autumn, –
Amanda’s Garden. Poem. Coe FL. Autumn, .
Announcement: Executive Director of Alpha Omega Alpha. Staff. Spring, back
cover.
The Atheist Faces Death. Poem. Weiner MF. Summer, .
Attuning to equilibrium: Physician as artist, artist as physician. Miller EC.
Autumn, –.
The Candidate. Poem. Abelson HT. Summer, .
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), –: The Swede who named almost
everything. Ambrose CT. Spring, –.
Carotid. Poem. Morrison W. Winter, .
The Challenge. Poem. DeWitt D. Spring, .
Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of a Medical Landmark. Blum A.
Autumn, .
Consultations . . . going, going, gone? Editorial. Harris ED Jr. Winter, .
Correction. Staff. Spring, .
Death on call. Wiesenthal A. Spring, –.
Drowning in science . . . saved by Shakespeare. Zaroff LZ. Spring, –.
Echocardiogram. Poem. Rousseau PC. Autumn, .
The effect of Gchat deprivation on medical student productivity. Winter, –.
Endings Are Beginnings. Poem. Pfeiffer E. Summer, .
Ethical issues in the use of cognitive enhancement. Darby R. Spring, –.
The ethics of cosmetic enhancement. Raphael A. Winter, –.
Eudaimonia, existentialism, and the practice of medicine. Radu A. Spring, –.
Existentialism, the physician’s philosophy. Editorial. Spring, .
A fatal zest for living: The all too brief life of Mario Lanza. Cesari A, Mackowiak
PA. Winter, –.
The Gaze. Poem. Grubb BP. Summer, inside back cover.
Getting drug money out of doctors’ offices. Nagarkar PA. Winter, –.
The Gift. Poem. Kahn EN. Winter, .
One simple question can change the world. Spaeth G. Autumn, –.
Graft Rejection. Poem. Marr JJ. Winter, .
Health policy
The consumer movement in health care. Topol EJ. Spring, –.
Cost of a life. Hsu BS-H. Autumn, –.
Direct-to-consumer advertising. Haddy FJ. Summer, –.
Expanding physician supply—An imperative for health care reform. Cooper
RA. Spring, –.
Health reform requires confronting myths. Winter, –.
The inadequacy of legislative procedures and the infirmity of physician
organizations. Kopen DF. Summer, –.
An invitation. Kastor JA. Spring, .
Will health reform reduce costs? Kastor JA. Winter, –.
Hearing. Poem. Milano M. Autumn, .
Informal Education. Poem. Buskirk M. Winter, .
Josiah. Bowe C. Winter, –.
Letters
Accelerating human evolution? Bales DW. Winter, .
Accelerating human evolution? Berry J. Winter, .
Doctors and pharmaceutical promotion. Shankar PR. Spring, .
Medical hand-me-downs. Plotz CM. Winter, –.
Re “Consultations . . . going, going, gone?” Blaha J. Summer, .
Re “The Ethics of Cosmetic Enhancement.” Smith RJ. Summer, .
Re “A Fatal Zest for Living.” Brenner I. Summer, –.
Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices.” Jacobs J. Summer, .
Re “Getting Drug Money Out of Doctors’ Offices”: Mr. Nagarkar responds to
Dr. Jacobs. Nagarkar PA. Summer, –.
Neither/nor. Foltermann MO. Autumn, .
The right to sue. Menkes JS. Winter, –.
Selling Teaching Hospitals. Haywood LJ. Winter, .
Love song. Nissenblatt M. Summer, –.
A medical ear in the early morning tennis group—when to advise and what to
say. Reynolds HY. Autumn, –.
Commentary. Abrams HL. Autumn, .
Commentary. Plotz CM. Autumn, .
Medical publishing: Will paper live on? Lockshin MD. Summer, –.
Meditation on Surgical Masks. Poem. Le J. Winter, .
Memorial: Edward D. Harris, Jr., MD: July , –May , . Dale DC.
Summer, .
National and chapter news
Announcing the  Pharos Editor’s Prize. Staff. Winter, .
Correction. Staff. Winter, .
Dr. Francis Neelon joins the Pharos editorial board. Staff. Winter, .
Interim editor. Staff. Summer, .
Instructions for Pharos authors. Staff. Winter, –.
Leaders in American Medicine. Staff. Winter, .
Memorial donations. Staff. Summer, .
Minutes of the  meeting of the board of directors of Alpha Omega
59
60
tk
Ai
ica
Er
Alpha. Harris ED Jr. Spring, –.
The new Alpha Omega Alpha web site. Staff. Winter, .
Winner of the  Pharos Editor’s Prize. Staff. Winter, .
Needlestick. Muller D. Summer, –.
Ode to a Jaundiced Eye. Poem. Wolf PL. Summer, .
On Wrinkles (Hiding the Evidence). Poem. Claman HN. Spring, .
A One Bag, One Leg Lady. Poem. Majmudar B. Winter, .
The Pharos, Volume . Staff. Autumn, –.
Amelia. Summer, –.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. Winter, –.
Extraordinary Measures. Autumn, –.
Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story. Spring, –.
The Hurt Locker. Autumn, –.
Julie and Julia. Summer, –.
Night at the Museum: The Battle of the Smithsonian. Summer, .
Taking Chance. Winter, –.
Valkyrie. Spring, .
The Young Victoria. Summer, –.
Poems by Linda Cantrell. Poems. Cantrell L. Autumn, –.
Commentary. Patterson RB. Autumn, .
Poppies. Poem. Parke S. Autumn, inside back cover.
Post Chemo Treat. Poem. Langhorne H. Autumn, .
The Procedure. Poem. Ilgenfritz S. Spring, .
Quiet Snow among the Dark. Poem. Crawford GB. Autumn, .
Reflections on a Photograph. Poem. Scherl ND. Winter, .
Christians in the Movies: A Century of Saints and Sinners, by Peter E. Dans.
Basile MA. Winter, –.
Dancing at the River’s Edge: A Patient and Her Doctor Negotiate Life with
Chronic Illness, by Alida Brill and Michael D. Lockshin. Williams RC Jr.
Spring, .
Doctors in Fiction: Lessons from Literature, by Borys Surawicz and Beverly
Jacobson. Coulehan J. Summer, –.
Dying for Beginners, by Patrick Clary. Coulehan J. Autumn, –.
The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized Medicine, by
Francis S. Collins. Pederson T. Summer, –.
On Apology, by Aaron Lazare. Coulehan J. Spring, –.
On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not, by Robert
A. Burton. Wright JL. Autumn, –.
One Breath Apart: Facing Dissection, by Sandra L. Berman. Chase RA.
Summer, –.
The Picture of Health: A View from the Prairie, by Richard P. Holm and Judith
R. Peterson. Trotter JA. Winter, –.
A Second Opinion: Rescuring America’s Health Care: A Plan for Universal
Coverage Serving Patients Over Profit, by Arnold S. Relman. Chase RA.
Summer, .
Technological Medicine: The Changing World of Doctors and Patients, by
Stanley Joel Reiser. Platt FW. Autumn, –.
Worried Sick: A Prescription for Health in an Overtreated America, by Nortin
M. Hadler. Brillman JC. Spring, –.
Rhabdomyosarcoma. Poem. Spring, .
Richard L. Byyny, MD, appointed Executive Director of Alpha Omega Alpha.
Wilson DE. Autumn, back cover.
Semmelweis: Magyar warrior. Richard DD III. Summer, –.
A Simple Walk. Poem. Isenberg SF. Spring, inside back cover.
Smoke. Poem. Mann A. Winter, .
Snapshot. Poem. Morrison W. Spring, .
Spring of My Dying. Poem. Roy RC. Summer, back cover.
Stroke in black and white. Mukherjee S. Autumn, –.
Studying in the Afternoon. Poem. Reid EE. Spring, .
Tinsley Randolph Harrison, MD: A legacy of medical education. Autumn, –.
Undaunted. Poem. Hudak CD. Winter, .
Wear Something Red. Poem. Abbott C. Winter, .
Web Site Photography Contest. Staff. Winter, inside back cover.
What Would Heifetz Do? Poem. Garcia EE. Summer, .
When I gets big. Poem. Blum A. Summer, .
Wind. Poem. Maas S. Autumn, .
Winner of the Submit a Photo Contest. Staff. Spring, .
The winning photos from the Web Site Photography Contest. Floyd CT, Michael
H, VanHoose JD, Elahi E, Abdulla S, Jinwala F, Reddy K, Solar B, Freeman A,
Huber W III, Palmore J, Sambasivan A. Summer, –.
Winning poem of the  Write a Poem for This Photo Contest. Staff. Winter,
–.
The Woman with Everything. Poem. Valdrighi A. Winter, .
en
Index
Amanda’s Garden
Late October and all is falling,
to watch it fall is to watch an old
man die by stages; are we not caught up
in such a progress? Mark him, I told
my friend: last year, last month, even,
he was able to that, or this, now lost;
is this not movement in a sound direction,
a deeper sinking into the white frost?
Are we happy in our hearts and cannot say
that something about the progress of flesh
is moral, and to watch it a secret thrill?
And, is it not a judgment of decency
how he—the old man—squares his acts
with flesh’s motion toward surrender?
The garden is without desire, without
sorrow, we believe, and scarcely care
for it anymore, however we waited on its growing,
but the old man holds our eye: is it fear?
Is it our judgment of him? A cruel
love of change? A love of the close of the year?
Fredric L. Coe, MD
Dr. Coe (AΩA, University of Chicago, 1961) is professor of Medicine and
Physiology at the University of Chicago. He is a member of the editorial board of
The Pharos and a previous contributor to the journal. His address is: Nephrology
Section, MC 5100, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S.
Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637- 4930. E-mail: [email protected].
Poppies
I.
In the field behind the salt-stained shack,
Her fingers curled around the stem.
Sinewy flesh, splintered
(with only some regret)
One pink poppy—
Voluminous and shy,
A perfect impermanence
She was only beginning
To understand.
The doctor had given him “weeks”—
Weeks before,
But that afternoon, like always,
He spooned sherbet into one
No, two, stone saucers.
“Come on, old boy,” he called,
“Finish it quick now, before she sees!”
A tail wag,
Worth every objection from his wife.
Small rituals filled their days,
Time in the context of every other time—
A poppy resting in an awkward clay vase,
A Mother’s Day present, wasn’t it?
Or an apology
For minor crimes of youth?
Three children and thirty-five years
Had not lessened the longing he felt
As she grasped his hand in the night.
II.
On the day before his last
She sat alone by the warbling creek
And watched cascades of ancient light
Catch on shimmering salmon scales.
Beneath the surface, other lives
Moved rapidly through her reflection—
Smooth, diaphanous darts of loss
Dancing her heart home.
When she called, her voice was calm,
Ready. But me? I was a medical student
I thought I knew death—
Turns out, observing isn’t knowing.
III.
In the night
The poppies—white and red,
Ebony eye to the moon,
Break through damp soil:
The sound of entering.
The earth does not stir her
As she is, dreamer,
A part of the entering.
Sara Parke
The
Ms. Parke is a Fulbright Scholar studying medical ethics
at the National Core for Neuroethics, University of British
Columbia. Her address is: 7418 S. Ingalls Court, Littleton,
Colorado 80128. E-mail: [email protected].
Pharos/Date
61
Announcement
Richard L. Byyny, MD,
appointed Executive Director
of Alpha Omega Alpha
T
he Board of
Directors of
Alpha Omega
Alpha is very pleased
to announce that
Richard L. Byyny, MD, will become Executive
Director of Alpha Omega Alpha and Editor of
The Pharos effective November , . After
an extensive search to recruit a successor to
Dr. Edward D. Harris, Dr. Byyny was selected
from an extraordinary group of talented
candidates. Dr. Byyny is quite familiar with
AΩA, having served on the AΩA board of directors from  through . He received
his undergraduate and medical degrees from
the University of Southern California, where
he was elected to AΩA.
Dr. Byyny received his internal medicine training at Columbia University and
completed an endocrinology fellowship at
Vanderbilt University. He served as Head
of the Division of Internal Medicine and
Director of the Internal Medicine training
program at the University of Chicago from
 through . He then moved to Colorado
to again head up general Internal Medicine
and also ser ve as
vice-chairman of
the Department of
Medicine. After holding administrative
positions as Executive Vice-Chancellor at
the University of Colorado Health Sciences
Center and as Vice President for Academic
Affairs and Research/Dean of the System
Graduate School at Colorado, Dr. Byyny
became Chancellor of the University of
Colorado at Boulder, serving from 
through . Now a Professor of Medicine
at Colorado, Dr. Byyny has “crowned” his
distinguished career by devoting his efforts
to health policy and to the development of a
mentored research tract in medical student
education.
Dr. Byyny will be devoting most of his
time and effort to AΩA and The Pharos.
He is looking forward to interacting with
the boards, the chapters, and with students.
We are all very pleased to have him as our
Executive Director. Please join us in welcoming Richard L. Byyny, MD.

4 - Alpha Omega Alpha

Transcription

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