Teepee Diary

Transcription

Teepee Diary

T5a Technology Report
12th March 2010
Maria Peralta - 10/2/120
Part 2 - Phase 2
RIBA Examination in Architecture for Office-based Candidates
in partnership with Oxford Brookes University
(Frost, John. 1873)
Contents
2
Introduction
Behind the Teepee
As the Teepee Stands
Initial Diary
Data Collection Diary
Conclusion
03
04
08
10
12
35
Bibliography
Appendix
36
38
Introduction
The Teepee is an historic form of technology. It has covered many centuries as a form of shelter for the travelling man.
I have chosen to look at the Teepee, as it has many characteristics to its technology. It protects from the weather extremes, it is a
shelter for small to large groups of people and it has a self breathing system integral to it makeup. The Teepee is a self ventilating
structure; removing odours, smoke and moisture from its interior, leaving a healthy environment within for it occupants.
In this report I will be looking at the history of the Teepee and how it is made and its physical properties and some of the cultural
reasoning behind it makeup. How the occupants managed to stay warm and cool with extreme weathers outside and I will then be
building a Teepee at 1:1 scale and living in it for 24 hours. In this time I will gather the changing values in temperature, humidity and
wind, both inside and out.
Gathering my findings I will look at how efficient the Teepee is in it’s usage as a shelter at the time of year that I collected the data and
will also look at the insulating properties of the inner liner and the double skin factors creating a cavity air flow.
3
Behind the Teepee
Unfortunately, it seems that Native American historical timelines seen to start when Columbus first set foot on the continent in 1492,
and by the 1900’s it was recorded that the original 60million Native Americans declined in number to 1 million and all remaining Native
Indians were declared citizens of the US in 1924. (Blue Cloud Abbey)
Before 1492 there were very few records kept and therefore little information regarding the origin and invention of the Teepee.
(Giese, Paula 1993, 1996, 1997)
4
The Teepee is a structure that for thousands of years has been in existence as a form of shelter for travelling people (nomadic tribes),
mainly the Native Americans of the pre 1400’s and onwards, who needed a shelter to protect them from the elements and a type of
shelter that could be erected and dismantled quickly, due to the livestock of buffalo being their livelihood that moved through the Great
Plains of Central North America.
For the many tribes that used the Teepee, this was the way they lived on a permanent basis, moving on horseback and taking
everything they owned on a travois (Zack Y and Ryan C) at a few hours notice and then staying on the new part of the land for a further
unpredicted time. While the men rounded up the livestock the women had the role of dismantling and rebuilding the Teepee’s.
The word Teepee, Tepee, or Tipi, originates from the Lakota language of the Native American tribe of the Sioux. ’ti’ means dwelling,
and ‘pi’, means portable. (eHow, 1999)
(Jeager, Ellisworth 1945)
5
The many tribes that travelled the Great Plains and used the Teepee were the Sioux nation, the Cheyenne; who invented the wind
flaps on the outside of the smoke hole – which when manually operated would help draw the smoke up and out of the Teepee, the
tribes in the area were the Arapaho, the Blackfoot, the Omaha, the Osage and the Crow. (eHow, 1999).
Other aspect’s of the shelter’s design that were also developed over the many years of use; was the tilting of the cone into the wind.
This helped it to stand up against stronger winds on the Great Plains. Pre the Cheyenne invention was the smoke hole that was moved
from the top of the Teepee to the sloping side which initially helped to move the smoke and air from the interior of the Teepee.
The Travois was built with poles and rope (similar to the Teepee) and was tied the horse and heavily laden with the Teepee’s and
processions. The Teepee’s were made of buffalo hides and would have been a lot heavier than a modern day Teepee canvas that can
be slung on a persons back for short transporting purposes.
(Zack Y and Ryan C)
6
The weather in the Great Plains went from one extreme to the other and the Indian Americans had to cope with that and extreme cold
and the Teepee aided in protecting from both. With a blazing fire within, the cold stayed outside and when the sun warmed the land,
the Teepee had a cool interior.
The fire inside the Teepee made it very different from any other shelters; the fire within was set in the ground (a large bowl shape was
dug and lined with stones) which was directly below the smoke hole and with the help of the inner lining (giving extra insulation) a stack
effect was produced drawing the smoke to the hole in the roof and reducing the possibility of becoming intoxicated with the fire smoke.
The inner liner had four main purposes, to direct air from the bottom gap of the outer skin up the insides to the smoke hole, to stop
ground-level drafts, it also gave an element of privacy to the occupants and protect from condensation.
7
The Teepee was created from the materials of the land; tall birch saplings as the poles, animal skin for the cover and rope twined from
the inner bark of the basswood tree (Jeager, Ellisworth 1945) to bind and knot the structure together.
The Fifteen poles represent the following values:
We learn by listening to traditional stories; by listening to our parents or guardians, our fellow students and our teachers.
Obedience, Respect, Humility, Happiness, Love, Faith, Kinship, Cleanliness, Thankfulness, Sharing, Strength, Good Child Rearing,
Hope, Ultimate Protection, Control Flaps. (The Fifteen poles, 1997).
“The circular design was symbolic of the interconnectedness of all nature. The floor was representative of the earth, and the walls
representative of the sky or heaven. A small altar was often built of earth or stone and was used to burn incense for prayer times. The
outer walls of the tipi could be painted with important designs, such as spiritual images, ancestors, and honours in battle or the hunt.”
(eHow, 1999).
The modern day Teepee’s have the outer skin and linings are made of canvas, the poles worked down (bark removed and the pole
smoothed of imperfections) are from Douglas Fir or Birch and willow sticks. The floor covering is plastic sheeting covered with non
backed carpet (2 layers) and the 12.5mm rope and pegs are bought off the shelf from camping stores.
No longer is the Teepee totally created from the land.
8
Standard Modern Day Dimensions
Tipi Size in feet ( 1 ft = 30 cm / 1 m = 3.3 ft )
Distance up the front (E to C)
14'
16'
18'
20'
22'
26'
Head-room at 5' of height (A to B)
8'
10'
12'
13'4"
15'6"
19'
Distance up the back (D to C)
11'
13'
15'
17'
19'
23'
Height - ground to top (F to C)
11'6"
13'
14'6"
15'6"
18'6"
20'8"
Floor diameter - front to rear (E to D)
14'
16'
18'
20'6"
22'6"
26'
Floor diameter -side to side
12'
14'
16'6"
18'6"
20'6"
24'
Square feet of floor area
113
175
243
300
366
490
Number of poles
13+2
13+2
15+2
15+2
17+2
19+2
Suggested no. of occupants for permanent living
1 or 2
1 or 2
2 or 3
4
5 or 6
6 to 8
Suggested no. of occupants for short-term camping
5 or 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
12 to 14
16 or 17
18 to 20
12
16
20
24
28
38
Weight of tipi cover (13 oz.)
30 lbs.
40 lbs.
52 lbs.
64 lbs.
78 lbs.
98 lbs.
43 lbs.
58 lbs.
74 lbs.
95 lbs.
104 lbs.
n/a
15
22
29
36
43
50
16 lbs.
19 lbs.
21 lbs.
25 lbs.
29 lbs.
41 lbs.
Maximum no. of people sitting in a circle
Quantity of Buffalo Skins (traditional covering)
Weight of 6 ft. tipi liner (10 oz.)
Most tipi covers fold up to about the size of a full back pack.
(Nomadics Crew 1970)
9
Initial Diary
I started to look at the sizing of the Teepee and its makeup and how I could make a life size one in my garden in materials easily
accessible to myself, without too much expense. I had a large blue tarpaulin and 3no. 2.4m metal poles so if I added a further 3, I could
bind them together to set 3no. 5m length poles and this would work as the main 3no structural poles and I would fill in with the
remaining 12 required by bamboo sticks bound together in a similar way. I believe this could have given me a shell of a Teepee, but to
get the correct data I think that the material consistency of the tarpaulin (being plastic) would have given me incorrect data, but before I
had made this conclusion, the Hummingbird company had contacted me, replying to my enquiry email and said that they could
facilitate the space and equipment I needed for my data collection (see appendix A).
So I then concentrated on retrieving the data collection instruments, which through my colleague at work – a mechanical engineer, he
pointed out what I would need and suggested that my secondment employer would probably have the equipment and if the didn’t, he
would ask some of the companies that he knows. A colleague at my secondment did in fact have the instruments I needed (see below)
and loaned them to me for a month or so, so I could work with them and get used to them before the scheduled data collection 24hrs.
24hrs before starting the data collection at the site below I tested the Hygrometer at my home - Latitude 52.00813271901364,
Longitude -0.7463836669921875 and the data collected was:
Outside - Dry 9.5C Wet 6C = 56% Humidity & Inside Dry 20.5C Wet 16 = 62% Humidity
Data collection over 24hrs on 6th-7th March 2010
Estimated time of arrival to the site (Hummingbird Tipis - 6 Brygnwyn Mansion, Wormelow, Herefordshire, HR2 8EQ) Latitude
51.967961587186856, Longitude -2.7458953857421875 is 9am on 6th March
Estimated time of departure from site – 2pm on 7th March
It takes 2.5hrs to erect the 18ft (that is the base diameter 5.454m) Teepee and it will take about 1hr to dismantle.
10
The instruments that I am using to collect the data is a hand held Anemometer (airflow LCA 6000) to measure the wind speed
(between 0 -30m/sec) externally and internally at the top of the liner and a (pocket whirling) Hygrometer to measure relative humidity
and the temperature of the outside and inside.
11
6th & 7th March 2010
6:30
Set off from Home for the Hummingbird Tipis site.
9:45
Arrived in the car park of the ‘Hummingbird Tipis’ site. The owners of the company live in a large mansion (redeveloped
in 2008 for multiple occupation, of which 7 flats are within). Hummingbird also have workshop accommodation and
storage facilities on site.
12
10:30
Started to gather the right type of poles (the correct length approx. 7.5m long and as straight as possible), and ground
sheet to put in the preferred position in the garden. The ground sheet was turned so the door was positioned to a NE
position. As we were gathering the poles, it started to rain (we found shelter in a horsebox situated near the store) and
the ground sheet got very wet, so we had to brush as much of the water off before progressing.
13
12:00
We laid some tarpaulin on the ground sheet to protect it against another lot of rain then the Teepee canvas was rolled
out (opened to about 30 deg’s) to start measuring out the structural main poles (4no.). The 3 main poles (the door pole
and 2no. supporting poles) were positioned from top to bottom of the canvas.
The door pole being slightly longer than the others was positioned so that the base extended further (250mm) than the
supporting poles (10mm). This positioning allows a gap for the air to circulate within the Teepee and help draw up the
smoke to the top of the Teepee.
These poles were then lashed together at the top by a ‘clovehitch’ knot, pulled very tight and the rope was then lashed
around the knot and finished with a ‘square’ knot. The remaining rope was then laid on the pole for later use. They were
then put to one side.
14
12:15
The 4th pole - the lifting pole was slid under the canvas leaving a similar amount peeping out of the bottom as the
supporting posts. This post was the thickest as it needs to take the weight of the canvas when it is lifted. At the top of
the canvas was a lashing strip which was then bound to the top of the lifting pole (by crossing over a binding twine). The
canvas was then rolled back over the lifting pole, then put to one side.
15
12:30
The tarpaulin was then removed and the 3no. supporting poles were brought back to sit onto the groundsheet. They
were then lifted, the door post being placed in position then the 2no. supporting poles spread to the sides. These were
then measured so that the 3no. posts were equally separated.
16
12:45
The other poles where then laid with their foot just on the groundsheet and the tip resting at the top of the structural
poles (on top of the previous pole) and equally distanced. When all (11no) were positioned the remaining length of rope
was tightly lashed around the top junction and was then left to hang loose inside the timber structure.
17
13:00
Then it was time to place the lifting pole in position, at the back and leaning against the structure junction as the other
poles. Then with two people, the edges of the Teepee canvas are pulled around the edge of the Teepee to the front.
18
13:15
The two edges of the Teepee canvas is then pulled together and laced together with small sticks (about 300mm long) in
a sewing manner. Normally, as building a Teepee this is a two manned process, one has to piggy back the other to be
able to reach the first set of lacing.
19
13:30
Once the lacing is complete then the bottom edge of the Teepee door canvas needs to be pegged down. The canvas is
now almost stretched to its required state
20
Now for the finishing touches
21
13:45
The lower carpet (green) is placed in the interior, then the upper carpet (red), to aid in the insulation. Then a rope is tied
about 1200mm from the floor on each pole to take the inner lining. A measuring stick is used as a guide so the rope is at
the same height on each pole.
22
14:00
Then the door is positioned and the lashing strip is fixed to the inside and the door sits on the outside. And can be
twisted back for opening.
23
14:15
With the last poles a lacing stick is bound to the ends, about 50mm from the end and these are pushed through the loop
at the top of the wind flaps and the base of the poles are placed to the ground, allowing the wind flaps to be moved to
the requirement of wind suction/smoke removal.
24
14:30
Elements to make the interior more comfortable were placed inside; extra carpets, wooden back rests, a fire bowl with a
spark mesh, fire wood, some lanterns and some bedding layers with sheepskins. I started to bring in my measuring
equipment and bedding etc and took the first reading.
25
Data collection
Hourly readings
Inside 14:30
Outside14:30
Inside 15:30
Outside15:30
Inside 16:30
Outside16.30
Inside 17.30
Outside17.30
Inside 20.30
Outside20.30
Inside 21.30
Outside21.30
Inside 22.30
Outside22.30
Inside 00.30
Outside00.30
Inside 03.00
Outside03.00
Inside 07.30
Outside 07.30
Inside 08.30
Outside 08.30
Inside 09.30
Outside09.30
Inside 10.30
Outside10.30
Inside 11.30
Outside 11.30
Inside 12.30
Outside 12.30
Inside 13.30
Outside 13.30
o
o
Temp. C
Wet C
Humidity %
Av. Wind speed (m/sec)
11.5
10.5
12.0
09.0
12.0
08.0
11.0
08.0
07.0
03.5
05.5
04.0
05.0
03.0
01.0
00.0
-02.0
-02.5
-02.0
-02.0
00.0
-01.0
03.0
01.0
05.0
02.0
06.0
04.0
04.5
04.0
05.0
05.0
10.0
08.0
10.0
07.0
09.0
06.0
08.0
06.0
02.5
02.0
03.0
02.0
02.0
02.0
00.0
-01.0
-03.0
-03.0
00.0
00.0
-01.0
-01.5
00.0
00.0
02.0
00.0
04.0
02.5
02.5
01.0
02.5
02.5
95
85
88
88
82
88
82
88
72
90
84
87
81
93
94
93
93
96
100
100
93
95
81
94
81
87
88
91
82
82
84
84
0.14
0.65
0.19
0.34
0.17
0.79
0.15
0.53
0.13
0.90
0.10
0.47
0.22
0.56
0.25
0.80
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.37
0.13
0.55
0.31
1.06
0.36
0.85
0.59
0.38
0.35
0.81
0.66
0.96
26
Fire continually Stoked
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de
15
O
ut
sid :30
e
In 15:
30
si
de
16
O
ut
sid :30
e
In 16.
30
si
de
17
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ut
sid .30
e
In 17.
30
si
de
20
O
ut
.
sid 30
e
In 20.
30
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de
21
O
ut
sid .30
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In 21.
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de
22
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In 22.
30
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00
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In 00.
30
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de
03
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ut
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e
In 03.
00
si
de
O
07
ut
.
sid
30
e
In 07.
30
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de
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08
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sid .30
e
In 08.
30
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de
09
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sid .30
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In 09.
30
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de
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In 10.
30
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de
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11
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sid .30
e
In 11.
30
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de
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12
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.
30
sid
e
In 12.
30
si
de
O
13
ut
sid .30
e
13
.3
0
In
si
Degree's Centigrade
Teepee Temperature Data Graph
14
12
10
8
6
Temp. oC
4
Wet oC
2
0
-2
-4
Time & Place
27
In
si
d
O e1
ut
sid 4:3
0
In e14
si
de :30
O
ut 15
sid :3
0
In e15
si
de :30
O
ut 16
sid :3
0
In e16
si
de .30
O
ut 17
sid .3
0
In e17
si
de .30
O
ut 20
sid .3
0
In e20
si
de .30
O
ut 21
sid .3
0
In e21
si
de .30
O
ut 22
sid .3
0
In e22
si
de .30
O
ut 00
sid .3
0
In e00
si
de .30
O
ut 03
sid .0
0
In e03
si
.
O de 00
ut
0
sid 7.3
0
e
In 07
si
.3
d
0
O
e
ut
0
sid 8.3
0
e
In 08
si
de .30
O
ut 09
sid .3
0
In e09
si
d .3
O e1 0
ut
sid 0.3
0
In e10
si
.
O de 30
ut
1
sid 1.3
0
e
In 11
si
.
O de 30
ut
1
sid 2.3
0
e
In 12
si
.
O de 30
ut
1
sid 3.3
0
e
13
.3
0
meters per second
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Time & Place
28
In
si
d
O e1
ut
sid 4:3
0
In e14
si
de :30
O
ut 15
sid :3
0
In e15
si
d :3
O e1 0
ut
sid 6:3
0
In e16
si
de .30
O
ut 17
sid .3
0
In e17
si
de .30
O
ut 20
sid .3
0
In e20
si
d .3
O e2 0
ut
sid 1.3
0
In e21
si
de .30
O
ut 22
sid .3
0
In e22
si
de .30
O
ut 00
sid .3
0
In e00
si
de .30
O
ut 03
sid .0
0
In e03
si
.
O de 00
ut
0
sid 7.3
0
e
In 07
si
.
O de 30
ut
0
sid 8.3
0
e
In 08
si
de .30
O
ut 09
sid .3
0
In e09
si
de .30
O
ut 10
sid .3
0
In e10
si
.3
d
0
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e
ut
1
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e
In 11
si
.
O de 30
ut
1
sid 2.3
0
e
In 12
si
.
O de 30
ut
1
sid 3.3
0
e
13
.3
0
Percent (%)
Humidity
120
100
80
60
Humidity %
40
20
0
Time & Place
29
15:00
The fire was lit and the Teepee was getting a little warmer. I discovered that the art of stoking the fire and moderating
the wind flaps outside was quite an art and had to open the door on quite a few occasions to release the excess smoke
build up, before I became intoxicated!
30
The Teepee in its landscape. The door was facing NEE.
31
07:00
The following morning and at -2oC there was frost on the inside of the main canvas, and the door and the landscape. So
shivering I lit a fire and succeeded relatively quickly compared to the previous night and soon the temperature rose
about 2oC. I found that the heat from the fire was more of a radiant heat (rather like the sun) than a heat that warmed
the interior, as the interior and Teepee skin and exterior was so cold. You had to stand next to the fire to get warm.
32
08:30
The smoke was leaving the Teepee as it should and I had learnt the art of gauging the wind flow and smoke flow with
each other to enable a smoke free interior to last a few haours instead of 30mins.
33
11:30
I let the fire burn down from as the sun was starting to warm the interior and remained in the space for a few more hours
and then started to remove my possessions and took the last reading 23hrs after the first and said my thank you’s and
good bye’s and left the Hummingbird site at 14:10.
34
Conclusion
I would like to think that Frank Lloyd Wright’s focus on the centrality of the fireplace in the homes he designed and built had been
influenced by the structure and philosophy of the Teepee. How the fire is the centre of the Teepee and the family and the extended
family congregate around it, cook from it and gain heat from it - a social hub. And I can see how in varying climates, the Teepee in its
native material makeup would work, but I found that there were parts of the modern Teepee that did not work as I expected.
The modern day Teepee’s are really only for warm temperatures as they are made from canvas, which has little insulating properties
and would not insulate as layers of buffalo skin would (leather that breathes but protects from water absorption). Canvas on the other
hand is cotton based and absorbs some water and therefore lets the wind transfer through the fabric, reducing its insulating
capabilities.
The data shows that there only seemed to be roughly a 2oC difference in the internal and external temperatures, while the fire was
burning and this was due to many factors. The location of the fire, being above ground on a frame, the fire bowl being of a medium size
with a spark grill, only allowing a certain amount of wood in the bowl to stoke the fire and the interior seemed to need more of a fire as
the heat that generated from the fire was enough to warm you as you stood close, just as a radiant heat (slightly warming the body
similar to the suns rays) but not the interior. It was like trying to top up a cold bath with hot water, it never truly warms (just takes the
chill off).
On the Sunday morning the frost on the Teepee was internal as well as external and when I’d started the fire by 8:30 the frost started
to clear on the upper part of the Teepee and remained on the outside on the lower half of the Teepee; where the lining was internally,
for at least an extra two hours, proving that there was an element of insulation but not enough to stop the cold from penetrating the
interior during the night. The double layering of the canvas does act as insulation but not against the temperature of -3 oC.
If I had been able to maintain a roaring fire throughout the night my readings may have been different and the morning frost may not
have been on / or penetrated the Teepee at all.
The Teepee is a self breathing structure but it does rely on a reasonable exterior wind, a large fire internally and the adjustment of the
wind flaps externally to reduce the possibility of smoke inhalation. On several occasions while stoking the fire, the smoke would settle
to the top of the inner liner, if the wind flaps had not been adjusted correctly to the prevailing wind (which was blowing in the N.E.E’ly
direction, from the rear of the Teepee to the front). The low level of wind speed externally halved internally, so it was difficult to
maintain a passive stack effect of the heat/smoke in the interior, as there was not enough wind, not enough heat and it was too cold.
35
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History of Tipis (Zacs Tipis 2009) Zac’s Tipis [Online]. Retrieved on 1 March 2010 from:
http://www.zacstipis.com/history.htm
Plains Indian Teepee (Shelter Publications, Inc. 1995-2003) Shelter Online [Online]. Retrieved on 15 January 2010 from:
http://www.shelterpub.com/_shelter/www_teepee.html
36
Jeager, Ellisworth (1945). Wildwood Wisdom. New edition (1992) US: Shelter Publications pp 116-126, 301
Who invented the Teepee? (eHow Contributing Writer, 1999-2010) How To Do Just About Anything [Online]. Retrieved on 28 February 2010 from:
http://www.ehow.com/about_5124635_invented-teepee.html
Plains Tipi (Giese, Paula 1993, 1996, 1997) TIPIS North American Native Pre-Contact Housing. [Online]. Retrieved on 28 February 2010 & 5 March
2010 from: http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/tipi.html
The Fifteen poles represent the following values (1997) The Great Plains Moccasin Factory. [Online]. Retrieved on 28 February 2010 from:
http://www.uvisions.com/moccasin/culture.html
Tipi (2009, December 23) New World Encyclopedia. [Online]. Retrieved on 4 March 2010 from:
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Tipi?oldid=946441.
Find the latitude and longitude of a point on a map (Willison, Simon 2007, October 12) Get Lat Lon. [Online]. Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from:
http://www.getlatlon.com/
Tribes of Native America (Zack, Y & Ryan, C) Comanche. [Online]. Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from:
http://warriors.warren.k12.il.us/dmann/comanche.html
Edwards, Brian. Rough Guide to Sustainability. 2nd New edition (Aug 2005): RIBA Enterprises
US History Images (Frost, John. Frost's Pictorial History of Indian Wars and Captivities. New York: Wells Publishing Company, 1873.) Teepees.
[Online]. Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from
http://ushistoryimages.com/teepees.shtm
*Important Events* American Indian History (Especially in Dakota Territory) (Blue Cloud Abbey) Important Events in Indian History. [Online].
Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from
http://www.bluecloud.org/43.html
37
Appendix
Enquiry/Development Emails
38
T5a Technology Report
12th March 2010
Maria Peralta - 10/2/120
Part 2 - Phase 2
RIBA Examination in Architecture for Office-based Candidates
in partnership with Oxford Brookes University
(Frost, John. 1873)
Contents
2
Introduction
Behind the Teepee
Initial Diary
Conclusion
03
04
08
10
12
35
Bibliography
Appendix
36
38
Introduction
The Teepee is an historic form of technology. It has covered many centuries as a form of shelter for the travelling man.
I have chosen to look at the Teepee, as it has many characteristics to its technology. It protects from the weather extremes, it is a
shelter for small to large groups of people and it has a self breathing system integral to it makeup. The Teepee is a self ventilating
structure; removing odours, smoke and moisture from its interior, leaving a healthy environment within for it occupants.
In this report I will be looking at the history of the Teepee and how it is made and its physical properties and some of the cultural
reasoning behind it makeup. How the occupants managed to stay warm and cool with extreme weathers outside and I will then be
building a Teepee at 1:1 scale and living in it for 24 hours. In this time I will gather the changing values in temperature, humidity and
wind, both inside and out.
Gathering my findings I will look at how efficient the Teepee is in it’s usage as a shelter at the time of year that I collected the data and
will also look at the insulating properties of the inner liner and the double skin factors creating a cavity air flow.
3
Behind the Teepee
Unfortunately, it seems that Native American historical timelines seen to start when Columbus first set foot on the continent in 1492,
and by the 1900’s it was recorded that the original 60million Native Americans declined in number to 1 million and all remaining Native
Indians were declared citizens of the US in 1924. (Blue Cloud Abbey)
Before 1492 there were very few records kept and therefore little information regarding the origin and invention of the Teepee.
(Giese, Paula 1993, 1996, 1997)
4
The Teepee is a structure that for thousands of years has been in existence as a form of shelter for travelling people (nomadic tribes),
mainly the Native Americans of the pre 1400’s and onwards, who needed a shelter to protect them from the elements and a type of
shelter that could be erected and dismantled quickly, due to the livestock of buffalo being their livelihood that moved through the Great
Plains of Central North America.
For the many tribes that used the Teepee, this was the way they lived on a permanent basis, moving on horseback and taking
everything they owned on a travois (Zack Y and Ryan C) at a few hours notice and then staying on the new part of the land for a further
unpredicted time. While the men rounded up the livestock the women had the role of dismantling and rebuilding the Teepee’s.
The word Teepee, Tepee, or Tipi, originates from the Lakota language of the Native American tribe of the Sioux. ’ti’ means dwelling,
and ‘pi’, means portable. (eHow, 1999)
(Jeager, Ellisworth 1945)
5
The many tribes that travelled the Great Plains and used the Teepee were the Sioux nation, the Cheyenne; who invented the wind
flaps on the outside of the smoke hole – which when manually operated would help draw the smoke up and out of the Teepee, the
tribes in the area were the Arapaho, the Blackfoot, the Omaha, the Osage and the Crow. (eHow, 1999).
Other aspect’s of the shelter’s design that were also developed over the many years of use; was the tilting of the cone into the wind.
This helped it to stand up against stronger winds on the Great Plains. Pre the Cheyenne invention was the smoke hole that was moved
from the top of the Teepee to the sloping side which initially helped to move the smoke and air from the interior of the Teepee.
The Travois was built with poles and rope (similar to the Teepee) and was tied the horse and heavily laden with the Teepee’s and
processions. The Teepee’s were made of buffalo hides and would have been a lot heavier than a modern day Teepee canvas that can
be slung on a persons back for short transporting purposes.
(Zack Y and Ryan C)
6
The weather in the Great Plains went from one extreme to the other and the Indian Americans had to cope with that and extreme cold
and the Teepee aided in protecting from both. With a blazing fire within, the cold stayed outside and when the sun warmed the land,
the Teepee had a cool interior.
The fire inside the Teepee made it very different from any other shelters; the fire within was set in the ground (a large bowl shape was
dug and lined with stones) which was directly below the smoke hole and with the help of the inner lining (giving extra insulation) a stack
effect was produced drawing the smoke to the hole in the roof and reducing the possibility of becoming intoxicated with the fire smoke.
The inner liner had four main purposes, to direct air from the bottom gap of the outer skin up the insides to the smoke hole, to stop
ground-level drafts, it also gave an element of privacy to the occupants and protect from condensation.
7
The Teepee was created from the materials of the land; tall birch saplings as the poles, animal skin for the cover and rope twined from
the inner bark of the basswood tree (Jeager, Ellisworth 1945) to bind and knot the structure together.
The Fifteen poles represent the following values:
We learn by listening to traditional stories; by listening to our parents or guardians, our fellow students and our teachers.
Obedience, Respect, Humility, Happiness, Love, Faith, Kinship, Cleanliness, Thankfulness, Sharing, Strength, Good Child Rearing,
Hope, Ultimate Protection, Control Flaps. (The Fifteen poles, 1997).
“The circular design was symbolic of the interconnectedness of all nature. The floor was representative of the earth, and the walls
representative of the sky or heaven. A small altar was often built of earth or stone and was used to burn incense for prayer times. The
outer walls of the tipi could be painted with important designs, such as spiritual images, ancestors, and honours in battle or the hunt.”
(eHow, 1999).
The modern day Teepee’s have the outer skin and linings are made of canvas, the poles worked down (bark removed and the pole
smoothed of imperfections) are from Douglas Fir or Birch and willow sticks. The floor covering is plastic sheeting covered with non
backed carpet (2 layers) and the 12.5mm rope and pegs are bought off the shelf from camping stores.
No longer is the Teepee totally created from the land.
8
Standard Modern Day Dimensions
Tipi Size in feet ( 1 ft = 30 cm / 1 m = 3.3 ft )
Distance up the front (E to C)
14'
16'
18'
20'
22'
26'
Head-room at 5' of height (A to B)
8'
10'
12'
13'4"
15'6"
19'
Distance up the back (D to C)
11'
13'
15'
17'
19'
23'
Height - ground to top (F to C)
11'6"
13'
14'6"
15'6"
18'6"
20'8"
Floor diameter - front to rear (E to D)
14'
16'
18'
20'6"
22'6"
26'
Floor diameter -side to side
12'
14'
16'6"
18'6"
20'6"
24'
Square feet of floor area
113
175
243
300
366
490
Number of poles
13+2
13+2
15+2
15+2
17+2
19+2
Suggested no. of occupants for permanent living
1 or 2
1 or 2
2 or 3
4
5 or 6
6 to 8
Suggested no. of occupants for short-term camping
5 or 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
12 to 14
16 or 17
18 to 20
12
16
20
24
28
38
30 lbs.
40 lbs.
52 lbs.
64 lbs.
78 lbs.
98 lbs.
43 lbs.
58 lbs.
74 lbs.
95 lbs.
104 lbs.
n/a
15
22
29
36
43
50
16 lbs.
19 lbs.
21 lbs.
25 lbs.
29 lbs.
41 lbs.
Maximum no. of people sitting in a circle
Quantity of Buffalo Skins (traditional covering)
Weight of 6 ft. tipi liner (10 oz.)
Most tipi covers fold up to about the size of a full back pack.
(Nomadics Crew 1970)
9
Initial Diary
I started to look at the sizing of the Teepee and its makeup and how I could make a life size one in my garden in materials easily
accessible to myself, without too much expense. I had a large blue tarpaulin and 3no. 2.4m metal poles so if I added a further 3, I could
bind them together to set 3no. 5m length poles and this would work as the main 3no structural poles and I would fill in with the
remaining 12 required by bamboo sticks bound together in a similar way. I believe this could have given me a shell of a Teepee, but to
get the correct data I think that the material consistency of the tarpaulin (being plastic) would have given me incorrect data, but before I
had made this conclusion, the Hummingbird company had contacted me, replying to my enquiry email and said that they could
facilitate the space and equipment I needed for my data collection (see appendix A).
So I then concentrated on retrieving the data collection instruments, which through my colleague at work – a mechanical engineer, he
pointed out what I would need and suggested that my secondment employer would probably have the equipment and if the didn’t, he
would ask some of the companies that he knows. A colleague at my secondment did in fact have the instruments I needed (see below)
and loaned them to me for a month or so, so I could work with them and get used to them before the scheduled data collection 24hrs.
24hrs before starting the data collection at the site below I tested the Hygrometer at my home - Latitude 52.00813271901364,
Longitude -0.7463836669921875 and the data collected was:
Outside - Dry 9.5C Wet 6C = 56% Humidity & Inside Dry 20.5C Wet 16 = 62% Humidity
Data collection over 24hrs on 6th-7th March 2010
Estimated time of arrival to the site (Hummingbird Tipis - 6 Brygnwyn Mansion, Wormelow, Herefordshire, HR2 8EQ) Latitude
51.967961587186856, Longitude -2.7458953857421875 is 9am on 6th March
Estimated time of departure from site – 2pm on 7th March
It takes 2.5hrs to erect the 18ft (that is the base diameter 5.454m) Teepee and it will take about 1hr to dismantle.
10
The instruments that I am using to collect the data is a hand held Anemometer (airflow LCA 6000) to measure the wind speed
(between 0 -30m/sec) externally and internally at the top of the liner and a (pocket whirling) Hygrometer to measure relative humidity
and the temperature of the outside and inside.
11
6th & 7th March 2010
6:30
Set off from Home for the Hummingbird Tipis site.
9:45
Arrived in the car park of the ‘Hummingbird Tipis’ site. The owners of the company live in a large mansion (redeveloped
in 2008 for multiple occupation, of which 7 flats are within). Hummingbird also have workshop accommodation and
storage facilities on site.
12
10:30
Started to gather the right type of poles (the correct length approx. 7.5m long and as straight as possible), and ground
sheet to put in the preferred position in the garden. The ground sheet was turned so the door was positioned to a NE
position. As we were gathering the poles, it started to rain (we found shelter in a horsebox situated near the store) and
the ground sheet got very wet, so we had to brush as much of the water off before progressing.
13
12:00
We laid some tarpaulin on the ground sheet to protect it against another lot of rain then the Teepee canvas was rolled
out (opened to about 30 deg’s) to start measuring out the structural main poles (4no.). The 3 main poles (the door pole
and 2no. supporting poles) were positioned from top to bottom of the canvas.
The door pole being slightly longer than the others was positioned so that the base extended further (250mm) than the
supporting poles (10mm). This positioning allows a gap for the air to circulate within the Teepee and help draw up the
smoke to the top of the Teepee.
These poles were then lashed together at the top by a ‘clovehitch’ knot, pulled very tight and the rope was then lashed
around the knot and finished with a ‘square’ knot. The remaining rope was then laid on the pole for later use. They were
then put to one side.
14
12:15
The 4th pole - the lifting pole was slid under the canvas leaving a similar amount peeping out of the bottom as the
supporting posts. This post was the thickest as it needs to take the weight of the canvas when it is lifted. At the top of
the canvas was a lashing strip which was then bound to the top of the lifting pole (by crossing over a binding twine). The
canvas was then rolled back over the lifting pole, then put to one side.
15
12:30
The tarpaulin was then removed and the 3no. supporting poles were brought back to sit onto the groundsheet. They
were then lifted, the door post being placed in position then the 2no. supporting poles spread to the sides. These were
then measured so that the 3no. posts were equally separated.
16
12:45
The other poles where then laid with their foot just on the groundsheet and the tip resting at the top of the structural
poles (on top of the previous pole) and equally distanced. When all (11no) were positioned the remaining length of rope
was tightly lashed around the top junction and was then left to hang loose inside the timber structure.
17
13:00
Then it was time to place the lifting pole in position, at the back and leaning against the structure junction as the other
poles. Then with two people, the edges of the Teepee canvas are pulled around the edge of the Teepee to the front.
18
13:15
The two edges of the Teepee canvas is then pulled together and laced together with small sticks (about 300mm long) in
a sewing manner. Normally, as building a Teepee this is a two manned process, one has to piggy back the other to be
able to reach the first set of lacing.
19
13:30
Once the lacing is complete then the bottom edge of the Teepee door canvas needs to be pegged down. The canvas is
now almost stretched to its required state
20
Now for the finishing touches
21
13:45
The lower carpet (green) is placed in the interior, then the upper carpet (red), to aid in the insulation. Then a rope is tied
about 1200mm from the floor on each pole to take the inner lining. A measuring stick is used as a guide so the rope is at
the same height on each pole.
22
14:00
Then the door is positioned and the lashing strip is fixed to the inside and the door sits on the outside. And can be
twisted back for opening.
23
14:15
With the last poles a lacing stick is bound to the ends, about 50mm from the end and these are pushed through the loop
at the top of the wind flaps and the base of the poles are placed to the ground, allowing the wind flaps to be moved to
the requirement of wind suction/smoke removal.
24
14:30
Elements to make the interior more comfortable were placed inside; extra carpets, wooden back rests, a fire bowl with a
spark mesh, fire wood, some lanterns and some bedding layers with sheepskins. I started to bring in my measuring
equipment and bedding etc and took the first reading.
25
Data collection
Hourly readings
Inside 14:30
Outside14:30
Inside 15:30
Outside15:30
Inside 16:30
Outside16.30
Inside 17.30
Outside17.30
Inside 20.30
Outside20.30
Inside 21.30
Outside21.30
Inside 22.30
Outside22.30
Inside 00.30
Outside00.30
Inside 03.00
Outside03.00
Inside 07.30
Outside 07.30
Inside 08.30
Outside 08.30
Inside 09.30
Outside09.30
Inside 10.30
Outside10.30
Inside 11.30
Outside 11.30
Inside 12.30
Outside 12.30
Inside 13.30
Outside 13.30
o
o
Temp. C
Wet C
Humidity %
11.5
10.5
12.0
09.0
12.0
08.0
11.0
08.0
07.0
03.5
05.5
04.0
05.0
03.0
01.0
00.0
-02.0
-02.5
-02.0
-02.0
00.0
-01.0
03.0
01.0
05.0
02.0
06.0
04.0
04.5
04.0
05.0
05.0
10.0
08.0
10.0
07.0
09.0
06.0
08.0
06.0
02.5
02.0
03.0
02.0
02.0
02.0
00.0
-01.0
-03.0
-03.0
00.0
00.0
-01.0
-01.5
00.0
00.0
02.0
00.0
04.0
02.5
02.5
01.0
02.5
02.5
95
85
88
88
82
88
82
88
72
90
84
87
81
93
94
93
93
96
100
100
93
95
81
94
81
87
88
91
82
82
84
84
0.14
0.65
0.19
0.34
0.17
0.79
0.15
0.53
0.13
0.90
0.10
0.47
0.22
0.56
0.25
0.80
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.37
0.13
0.55
0.31
1.06
0.36
0.85
0.59
0.38
0.35
0.81
0.66
0.96
26
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
de
15
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ut
sid :30
e
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30
si
de
16
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si
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17
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In 20.
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30
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e
In 12.
30
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.3
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In
si
Degree's Centigrade
Teepee Temperature Data Graph
14
12
10
8
6
Temp. oC
4
Wet oC
2
0
-2
-4
Time & Place
27
In
si
d
O e1
ut
sid 4:3
0
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si
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O
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sid :3
0
In e15
si
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O
ut 16
sid :3
0
In e16
si
de .30
O
ut 17
sid .3
0
In e17
si
de .30
O
ut 20
sid .3
0
In e20
si
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O
ut 21
sid .3
0
In e21
si
de .30
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ut 22
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0
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si
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sid .3
0
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si
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si
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.
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e
13
.3
0
meters per second
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Time & Place
28
In
si
d
O e1
ut
sid 4:3
0
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si
de :30
O
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sid :3
0
In e15
si
d :3
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sid 6:3
0
In e16
si
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In e17
si
de .30
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0
In e20
si
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0
In e21
si
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0
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Percent (%)
Humidity
120
100
80
60
Humidity %
40
20
0
Time & Place
29
15:00
The fire was lit and the Teepee was getting a little warmer. I discovered that the art of stoking the fire and moderating
the wind flaps outside was quite an art and had to open the door on quite a few occasions to release the excess smoke
build up, before I became intoxicated!
30
The Teepee in its landscape. The door was facing NEE.
31
07:00
The following morning and at -2oC there was frost on the inside of the main canvas, and the door and the landscape. So
shivering I lit a fire and succeeded relatively quickly compared to the previous night and soon the temperature rose
about 2oC. I found that the heat from the fire was more of a radiant heat (rather like the sun) than a heat that warmed
the interior, as the interior and Teepee skin and exterior was so cold. You had to stand next to the fire to get warm.
32
08:30
The smoke was leaving the Teepee as it should and I had learnt the art of gauging the wind flow and smoke flow with
each other to enable a smoke free interior to last a few haours instead of 30mins.
33
11:30
I let the fire burn down from as the sun was starting to warm the interior and remained in the space for a few more hours
and then started to remove my possessions and took the last reading 23hrs after the first and said my thank you’s and
good bye’s and left the Hummingbird site at 14:10.
34
Conclusion
I would like to think that Frank Lloyd Wright’s focus on the centrality of the fireplace in the homes he designed and built had been
influenced by the structure and philosophy of the Teepee. How the fire is the centre of the Teepee and the family and the extended
family congregate around it, cook from it and gain heat from it - a social hub. And I can see how in varying climates, the Teepee in its
native material makeup would work, but I found that there were parts of the modern Teepee that did not work as I expected.
The modern day Teepee’s are really only for warm temperatures as they are made from canvas, which has little insulating properties
and would not insulate as layers of buffalo skin would (leather that breathes but protects from water absorption). Canvas on the other
hand is cotton based and absorbs some water and therefore lets the wind transfer through the fabric, reducing its insulating
capabilities.
The data shows that there only seemed to be roughly a 2oC difference in the internal and external temperatures, while the fire was
burning and this was due to many factors. The location of the fire, being above ground on a frame, the fire bowl being of a medium size
with a spark grill, only allowing a certain amount of wood in the bowl to stoke the fire and the interior seemed to need more of a fire as
the heat that generated from the fire was enough to warm you as you stood close, just as a radiant heat (slightly warming the body
similar to the suns rays) but not the interior. It was like trying to top up a cold bath with hot water, it never truly warms (just takes the
chill off).
On the Sunday morning the frost on the Teepee was internal as well as external and when I’d started the fire by 8:30 the frost started
to clear on the upper part of the Teepee and remained on the outside on the lower half of the Teepee; where the lining was internally,
for at least an extra two hours, proving that there was an element of insulation but not enough to stop the cold from penetrating the
interior during the night. The double layering of the canvas does act as insulation but not against the temperature of -3 oC.
If I had been able to maintain a roaring fire throughout the night my readings may have been different and the morning frost may not
have been on / or penetrated the Teepee at all.
The Teepee is a self breathing structure but it does rely on a reasonable exterior wind, a large fire internally and the adjustment of the
wind flaps externally to reduce the possibility of smoke inhalation. On several occasions while stoking the fire, the smoke would settle
to the top of the inner liner, if the wind flaps had not been adjusted correctly to the prevailing wind (which was blowing in the N.E.E’ly
direction, from the rear of the Teepee to the front). The low level of wind speed externally halved internally, so it was difficult to
maintain a passive stack effect of the heat/smoke in the interior, as there was not enough wind, not enough heat and it was too cold.
35
Bibliography
Tamar Valley Tipis (July 2007) Camping Holidays [Online]. Retrieved on 19 January 2010 from:
http://www.tamarvalleytipis.co.uk/index.html
Woodland Tipis and Yurts – Herefordshire (Julia 2009) Woodland Tipis and Yurt holidays [Online]. Retrieved on 21 January 2010 from:
http://www.woodlandtipis.co.uk
World tents – Tipis, Tipi poles, Tipi lining, Tipi Orzan, Tipis UK, Tipi Makers (Field, David 2009) Tipis [Online]. Retrieved on 19 January 2010 from:
http://www.worldtents.co.uk/tipis/tipis.htm
Lassana Tipis (Ian & Merle of Hummingbird Tipis) Lassana Tipis – Buy or Hire Tipis at UK Festivals [Online]. Retrieved on 21, 28 January 2010
from:
http://www.lassanatipis.com/
Hummingbird Tipis (Ian & Merle of Hummingbird Tipis) Hummingbird-Tipis >> Tipis Makers, Tipis for sale & Hire and all things tipi [Online].
Retrieved on 28 January 2010 from:
Our Tipis (Nomadics Crew 1970) Nomadics Tipi makers [Online]. Retrieved on 11 January 2010 from:
http://www.tipi.com/
World's Highest Quality Native American Lodges (Reese, Frank 2001) Reese Tipis [Online]. Retrieved on 14 January 2010 from:
http://reesetipis.com
History of Tipis (Zacs Tipis 2009) Zac’s Tipis [Online]. Retrieved on 1 March 2010 from:
http://www.zacstipis.com/history.htm
Plains Indian Teepee (Shelter Publications, Inc. 1995-2003) Shelter Online [Online]. Retrieved on 15 January 2010 from:
http://www.shelterpub.com/_shelter/www_teepee.html
36
Jeager, Ellisworth (1945). Wildwood Wisdom. New edition (1992) US: Shelter Publications pp 116-126, 301
Who invented the Teepee? (eHow Contributing Writer, 1999-2010) How To Do Just About Anything [Online]. Retrieved on 28 February 2010 from:
http://www.ehow.com/about_5124635_invented-teepee.html
Plains Tipi (Giese, Paula 1993, 1996, 1997) TIPIS North American Native Pre-Contact Housing. [Online]. Retrieved on 28 February 2010 & 5 March
2010 from: http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/tipi.html
The Fifteen poles represent the following values (1997) The Great Plains Moccasin Factory. [Online]. Retrieved on 28 February 2010 from:
http://www.uvisions.com/moccasin/culture.html
Tipi (2009, December 23) New World Encyclopedia. [Online]. Retrieved on 4 March 2010 from:
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Tipi?oldid=946441.
Find the latitude and longitude of a point on a map (Willison, Simon 2007, October 12) Get Lat Lon. [Online]. Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from:
http://www.getlatlon.com/
Tribes of Native America (Zack, Y & Ryan, C) Comanche. [Online]. Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from:
http://warriors.warren.k12.il.us/dmann/comanche.html
Edwards, Brian. Rough Guide to Sustainability. 2nd New edition (Aug 2005): RIBA Enterprises
US History Images (Frost, John. Frost's Pictorial History of Indian Wars and Captivities. New York: Wells Publishing Company, 1873.) Teepees.
[Online]. Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from
http://ushistoryimages.com/teepees.shtm
*Important Events* American Indian History (Especially in Dakota Territory) (Blue Cloud Abbey) Important Events in Indian History. [Online].
Retrieved on 5 March 2010 from
http://www.bluecloud.org/43.html
37
Appendix
Enquiry/Development Emails
38
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Fwd: TeePee - Timber …
maria peralta <[email protected]>
Fwd: TeePee - Timber Poles enquiry
12 messages
To: [email protected]
Thu, Jan 21, 2010 at 10:41 PM
I am an Architecture student and I have a project to build a Teepee and analyse the structure and
venting/heating/weathering properties and I was wondering if you would know how much it would cost for 17
poles at 5m lengths?
Or
I am in Milton Keynes. The teepee I am looking to make is for a project where the report is to be submitted
mid March. and then I wont need the timber any more. Is it possible to borrow some? For say a month (Feb
2010)?
Or do you have one that I could help make up on your site and get my data from (temperatures inside and out
every hour, flow of smoke/air etc) for maybe 2 days of data collection.
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
Thu, Jan 21, 2010 at 11:00 PM
[Quoted text hidden]
Hummingbird Tipis <[email protected]>
To: maria peralta <[email protected]>
Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 3:01 PM
Hi Maria
An interesting email indeed.
I am interested in the data you w ould gather and not sure if such data exists anyw here as yet, certainly not to my know ledge.
Poles w ould be prohibitively expensive for your project, costing several hundreds+ of pounds. It w ould also cost for us to
transport our poles to you if w e w ere prepared to loan them.
I think best solution w ould be for you to undertake your studies on one of our tipis, w hich could be pitched here in our grounds.
Where I presume, you w ould sleep in the tipi for the course of your data collection?
It w ould be fair to say w e w ould have to charge some kind of nominal fee to set the tipi up for your use.
I need to speak w ith my w ife about this and see how w e feel about it, and if w e can help you. Maybe.
I w ill email you again once w e have discussed
With Thanks
Ian & Merle
Hummingbird Tipis
https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&…
1/4
05/03/2010
To: Hummingbird Tipis <[email protected]>
Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 8:33 PM
This does sound interesting indeed. To help me with the building/learning to build a Tipi, I would need to help
build it too, so it can go in my report and I will be happy to give you the data that I retrieve from my analyses.
The thing is, you are in Wales (although about a four hour drive) and I need the data by mid to late Feb & I
might have to bring my 7 year old daughter with me too. Say over a Saturday mid day to Sunday midday?
I look forward to your response from the discussion with you wife and the possibilities above.
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 8:58 PM
Dear Ian,
Wont need to bring my daughter, but getting tighter with dates, last weekend in Feb of first weekend in
March?
If at all possible your side.
regards
Maria Peralta
Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 11:08 PM
Maria Hi
I have spoken w ith Merle and w e think it w ould be great to help you w ith this. We can offer you to come here the w eekend on the
5th of March. We w ill help you pitch the tipi and set it up inside w ith a liner, fire, bed etc. You are very w elcome to bring your
daughter should you w ish, w e are a family, and kid friendly, although it might be chilly for her at night?
Just email us and w e'll sort it out as w e go along.
With Thanks
Ian & Merle
Hummingbird Tipis
01981 541076
To: manuel peralta <[email protected]>
Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 8:22 AM
lassanatipis.com
If the company in winslow offer to do this, it would be better, i still need to speak to them.
---------- Forwarded message ---------From: Hummingbird Tipis <[email protected]>
Date: Jan 27, 2010 11:08 PM
Subject: Re: Fwd: TeePee - Timber Poles enquiry
That is brilliant Ian and Merle, thank you so much.
Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 10:29 PM
2/4
05/03/2010
Looking to arrive on the Saturday (6th) morning till Sunday (7th) afternoon, will that be ok? This is very
exciting. Or do you prefer the starting day to be the Friday?
How long does it take to pitch the Tipi?
Apart from me, warm clothes, staying over night stuff and my data collecting equipment, is there anything
else you think I need to bring?
Do you have electric points/wash areas/local eating places?
Sorry, don't know your region of Wales very well and haven't been camping since I was a girl guide!
For your records I can forward my home address and Uni address & contact if you need to verify anything?
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
PS, lets hope the snow stays away!
To: manuel peralta <[email protected]>
Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 11:25 PM
this is their new website
Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 11:28 PM
also, what is your address? have details on http://www.hummingbird-tipis.com/ & lassanatipis.com ?
will I be pitched on your grounds/garden/field/campsite?
Fri, Jan 29, 2010 at 10:20 AM
Hi Maria
Arrive saturday is fine. bring what you feel you will need and a sleeping bag, + duvet + extra duvet + another
extra duvet, that should be ok for March! joke, just bring plenty of warm bedding, we'll supply sheepskins, air
bed etc and that should keep you toasty.
We live in Herefordshire near the welsh border. Our address is
6 Brygnwyn Mansion
Wormelow
Herefordshire
HR2 8EQ
01981 541076
You'll have to use our place for any electric, toilet, etc but that is fine, it's a grand old Gothic mansion with
some nice grounds, we'll set up in the Garden in a nice spot.
Should take about 2 hours to pitch the tipi with a liner etc and about 1 hour to take it down again. Eating,
there are local pubs and well, local pubs. Not a problem.
Both Lassana and hummingbird are our websites, we've changed to hummingbird and left the old site up for a
while.
Sure, why not send us you details. I may put sommething on our website if you don't mind when studies are
3/4
05/03/2010
commplete?
Hear from you soon
Mon, Feb 1, 2010 at 9:58 PM
That sounds fine. My daughter wants to come for the adventure now, but I'm not sure, so I'm still thinking
about it. I think it will be harder on her that she imagines, with the cold etc, so is it ok that I confirm whether
she is coming later on?
Are you able to cook on the internal fire? or is it just for heating?
You are being so helpful to me, thank you so much.
FYI
my address is
196 Whalley Drive,
Bletchley
Milton Keynes
MK3 6JS
mobile: 07717 474 374
Uni contact - Vivien Walker
http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/be/about/architecture/riba-obe.html
External Tutor: Gordon Maclaren
Department of Architecture
Oxford Brookes University
Part 2 - RIBA Examination in Architecture for Office-Based Candidates
Regards
Maria Peralta
4/4
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Re: Tamar Valley Tipis …
Re: Tamar Valley Tipis Web site enquiry
1 message
Brian Howlett <[email protected]>
Wed, Jan 20, 2010 at 11:06 AM
Hello Maria
Your best place to try would be a local saw mill that deals in home grown timber
You deed 17 poles 25feet (7meters) long 3-4 inches at the bottom 1 inch at the top
Try a garden centre, ask were they buy their fencing stakes from.
Good luck
Brian
Tamar Valley Tipis
----- Original Message ----- From: "Tamar Valley Tipis Web site enquiry" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, January 19, 2010 10:32 PM
Subject: Tamar Valley Tipis Web site enquiry
Tamar Valley Tipis Web site enquiry
Name : Maria
email : [email protected]
address : Milton Keynes
textfield : could you tell me where i could get the wood to make a teepee as I am needing to make one for
my Uni project (half way through Architecture Course)
telephone :
Submit : SEND
1/1
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Fwd: Timber Poles
Fwd: Timber Poles
5 messages
Tue, Jan 19, 2010 at 11:15 PM
venting/heating/weathering properties and I was wondering if you would know how much it would cost for 17
poles at 5m lengths?
Also do you have a price to hire a Teepee?
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
World Tents <[email protected]>
Wed, Jan 20, 2010 at 9:10 AM
Hi Maria, The shortest poles we have are 6m and they are £18 each + VAT. Tipis normally have more poles
the bigger they are. 5m poles would only suffice for a small tipi which would usually only have 11 poles.
We don’t rent our tents out at all. If you let me know where you are based I may be able to point you in the
right direction.
Regards,
David
From: maria peralta [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: 19 January 2010 23:16
Subject: Fwd: Timber Poles
No virus found in this incoming message.
Checked by AVG - www.avg.com
Version: 8.5.432 / Virus Database: 270.14.151/2633 - Release Date: 01/19/10 17:49:00
To: World Tents <[email protected]>
Wed, Jan 20, 2010 at 1:33 PM
Dear David,
1/2
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Fwd: Timber Poles
In Milton Keynes. The teepee I am looking to make is for a project where the report is to be submitted mid
March. and then I wont need the timber any more. Is it possible to borrow some? For say a month (Feb
2010)?
Or do you have one that I could help make up on your site and get my data from (temperatures inside and out
every hour, flow of smoke/air etc) for maybe 2 days of data collection.
Regards
Maria Peralta
World Tents <[email protected]>
Tue, Jan 26, 2010 at 1:44 PM
Hi Maria and sorry for the delay. It’s probably best to give me a call on 01296 714555 to discuss this.
Regards,
David
From: maria peralta [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: 20 January 2010 13:33
To: World Tents
Subject: Re: Timber Poles
To: World Tents <[email protected]>
Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 12:50 PM
Dear David,
Left a message yesterday and today. Would like to discuss the possibilities with you.
My number is 07717 474 374.
Regards
Maria Peralta
2/2
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Recycling Timber Cut o…
Recycling Timber Cut offs Enquiry
2 messages
Peralta, Maria <[email protected]>
To: ~LBC John Dony Field Centre <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Tue, Jan 19, 2010 at 9:03 AM
Dear John,
venting/heating/weathering properties and I was wondering if you would know of any pruning/thinning out of
some lengths of birch (or similar strong straightish branches) of about 6-8m lengths. That is programmed
soon, so I could possibly retrieve the timber to make my Teepee.
Or maybe you could forward me on to another department.
I look forward to discussing the possibilities.
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
IMPORTANT: Luton Borough Council routinely monitors the content of e-mail sent
and received by its e-mail systems, to ensure compliance with its policies and procedures.
E-mails that contain encrypted material, program files, are obscene, inflammatory,
criminal, offensive, in breach of copyright or contain a virus or threat to Council`s
computer systems may be intercepted and/or deleted.
Internet communications are not secure.
The Council is not responsible for any changes made to the message after it has
been sent.
This message is intended only for the addressee. Any unauthorised copying or
distribution may be unlawful.
If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender at
Luton Borough Council
Town Hall
Luton LU1 2BQ.
Tel. (01582) 546000
or by using the reply option to this e-mail.
Then delete this message from your system.
Website: www.luton.gov.uk
Peralta, Maria <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Tue, Jan 19, 2010 at 9:11 AM
venting/heating/weathering properties and I was wondering if you would know of any pruning/thinning out of
1/2
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Recycling Timber Cut o…
some lengths of birch (or similar strong straightish branches) of about 6-8m lengths. That is programmed
soon, so I could possibly retrieve the timber to make my Teepee.
Or maybe you could forward me on to another department/landscaping contractor
I look forward to discussing the possibilities.
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
IMPORTANT: Luton Borough Council routinely monitors the content of e-mail sent
and received by its e-mail systems, to ensure compliance with its policies and procedures.
E-mails that contain encrypted material, program files, are obscene, inflammatory,
criminal, offensive, in breach of copyright or contain a virus or threat to Council`s
computer systems may be intercepted and/or deleted.
Internet communications are not secure.
The Council is not responsible for any changes made to the message after it has
been sent.
This message is intended only for the addressee. Any unauthorised copying or
distribution may be unlawful.
If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender at
Luton Borough Council
Town Hall
Luton LU1 2BQ.
Tel. (01582) 546000
or by using the reply option to this e-mail.
Then delete this message from your system.
Website: www.luton.gov.uk
2/2
05/03/2010
Google Mail - Tipi Visit
Tipi Visit
8 messages
Tue, Feb 2, 2010 at 11:47 AM
Hello Maria
There is no problem at all if you choose to bring your daughter, she'll be very welcome. Confirm when you
wish.
I suspect that although it may be a bit chilly in the mornings, the adventure will more than make up for it. We
have seen so many children with such a light in their eyes when visiting or staying in one, they seem to be
instictively drawn to them. Don't forget that generations have grown up living in a Tipi all year around!
You can cook on the fire if you wish, it may be easier to eat at the local pub (The Wormelow Tump) at the end
of the drive (5 minute walk) and use the fire for toasting marshmallows during storytelling... You can easily
boil a kettle for teas and hot chocolate, hot water bottles....
A favourite native Indian saying
"Give thanks for unknown blessings already on their way"
With Thanks
Ian & Merle
maria peralta wrote:
That sounds fine. My daughter wants to come for the adventure now, but I'm not sure, so I'm still
thinking about it. I think it will be harder on her that she imagines, with the cold etc, so is it ok
that I confirm whether she is coming later on?
Are you able to cook on the internal fire? or is it just for heating?
You are being so helpful to me, thank you so much.
FYI
my address is
196 Whalley Drive,
Bletchley
Milton Keynes
MK3 6JS
mobile: 07717 474 374
Uni contact - Vivien Walker
http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/be/about/architecture/riba-obe.html
External Tutor: Gordon Maclaren
Department of Architecture
Oxford Brookes University
Part 2 - RIBA Examination in Architecture for Office-Based Candidates
Regards
Maria Peralta
1/6
05/03/2010
On Fri, Jan 29, 2010 at 10:20 AM, Hummingbird Tipis <[email protected]> wrote:
Hi Maria
Arrive saturday is fine. bring what you feel you will need and a sleeping bag, + duvet + extra
duvet + another extra duvet, that should be ok for March! joke, just bring plenty of warm
bedding, we'll supply sheepskins, air bed etc and that should keep you toasty.
We live in Herefordshire near the welsh border. Our address is
6 Brygnwyn Mansion
Wormelow
Herefordshire
HR2 8EQ
01981 541076
You'll have to use our place for any electric, toilet, etc but that is fine, it's a grand old Gothic
mansion with some nice grounds, we'll set up in the Garden in a nice spot.
Should take about 2 hours to pitch the tipi with a liner etc and about 1 hour to take it down
again. Eating, there are local pubs and well, local pubs. Not a problem.
Both Lassana and hummingbird are our websites, we've changed to hummingbird and left the
old site up for a while.
Sure, why not send us you details. I may put sommething on our website if you don't mind
when studies are commplete?
Hear from you soon
Ian & Merle
Hummingbird Tipis
That is brilliant Ian and Merle, thank you so much.
Looking to arrive on the Saturday (6th) morning till Sunday (7th) afternoon, will
that be ok? This is very exciting. Or do you prefer the starting day to be the
Friday?
How long does it take to pitch the Tipi?
Apart from me, warm clothes, staying over night stuff and my data collecting
equipment, is there anything else you think I need to bring?
Do you have electric points/wash areas/local eating places?
Sorry, don't know your region of Wales very well and haven't been camping
since I was a girl guide!
For your records I can forward my home address and Uni address & contact if
you need to verify anything?
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
PS, lets hope the snow stays away!
2/6
05/03/2010
On Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 11:08 PM, Hummingbird Tipis
<[email protected]> wrote:
Maria Hi
I have spoken w ith Merle and w e think it w ould be great to help you w ith this. We can offer
you to come here the w eekend on the 5th of March. We w ill help you pitch the tipi and set it
up inside w ith a liner, fire, bed etc. You are very w elcome to bring your daughter should you
w ish, w e are a family, and kid friendly, although it might be chilly for her at night?
Just email us and w e'll sort it out as w e go along.
With Thanks
Ian & Merle
Hummingbird Tipis
01981 541076
Dear Ian,
Wont need to bring my daughter, but getting tighter with dates,
last weekend in Feb of first weekend in March?
If at all possible your side.
regards
Maria Peralta
On Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 8:33 PM, maria peralta
This does sound interesting indeed. To help me with the
building/learning to build a Tipi, I would need to help build it
too, so it can go in my report and I will be happy to give you
the data that I retrieve from my analyses.
The thing is, you are in Wales (although about a four hour
drive) and I need the data by mid to late Feb & I might have
to bring my 7 year old daughter with me too. Say over
a Saturday mid day to Sunday midday?
I look forward to your response from the discussion with you
wife and the possibilities above.
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
On Wed, Jan 27, 2010 at 3:01 PM, Hummingbird Tipis
Hi Maria
An interesting email indeed.
I am interested in the data you w ould gather and not sure if such data
exists anyw here as yet, certainly not to my know ledge.
Poles w ould be prohibitively expensive for your project, costing
several hundreds+ of pounds. It w ould also cost for us to transport
our poles to you if w e w ere prepared to loan them.
I think best solution w ould be for you to undertake your studies on one
of our tipis, w hich could be pitched here in our grounds. Where I
presume, you w ould sleep in the tipi for the course of your data
collection?
It w ould be fair to say w e w ould have to charge some kind of nominal
3/6
05/03/2010
fee to set the tipi up for your use.
I need to speak w ith my w ife about this and see how w e feel about it,
and if w e can help you. Maybe.
I w ill email you again once w e have discussed
With Thanks
Ian & Merle
Hummingbird Tipis
I am an Architecture student and I have a
project to build a Teepee and analyse the
structure and venting/heating/weathering
properties and I was wondering if you would
know how much it would cost for 17 poles at
5m lengths?
Or
I am in Milton Keynes. The teepee I am
looking to make is for a project where the
report is to be submitted mid March.
and then I wont need the timber any more. Is
it possible to borrow some? For say a month
(Feb 2010)?
Or do you have one that I could help make
up on your site and get my data from
(temperatures inside and out every hour, flow
of smoke/air etc) for maybe 2 days of data
collection.
Kind Regards
Maria Peralta
Wed, Feb 3, 2010 at 10:30 PM
Dear Ian & Merle,
Just a little query! Would you be able to make an earlier weekend? 13th or 20th Feb? If not don't worry we will
stick with the 6th March. Its just that now my daughter is coming with me I'm not so restricted on the
weekend that I can do the work/data collection, so if either of those dates are better for you that would be
4/6
05/03/2010
great, if not we will stick with the original.
Hope that doesn't sound too confusing!
Look forward to your response.
Maria
Thu, Feb 4, 2010 at 1:59 PM
Hi Maria
We need to stay with the original date. Merle has a lot of sewing right now and we have some commitments
over the alternative dates.
Thu, Feb 4, 2010 at 8:12 PM
Dear Ian & Merle,
That's absolutely fine, it was worth checking anyway. Looking forward to the 6th/7th March.
Maria
Tue, Feb 23, 2010 at 1:24 PM
Hi Maria
Just thought I would email to say hi and check everything is stil on for your visit?
It is a good thing you never came on the other dates as we have been under snow pretty much continually
and it has been bitter cold. Lets hope the weather changes before you arrive!
I'll keep you posted of weather here in the lead up to that weekend. If it gets really bad/cold we have a
potential emergency plan, you can jump into our converted horsebox with wood burner/double bed etc. In fact
it might be an idea for you to use it's cooker etc while you stay.
Anyway, hear from you soon
With Thanks
Ian & Merle
Tue, Feb 23, 2010 at 8:55 PM
Dear Ian & Merle,
Yes, I was wondering the same thing, as the weather has been snowy and sleety here too and v cold. The
worst end of winter we have had that I can remember!
Thank you for the horse-box idea for us to stay in if the weather is awful. I agree, it might be better that we
stay in it anyway, but if the weather is mild, I'm sure my daughter would love to see the stars at night.
So the teepee will still be able to go up so I can collect the data? I have to do it that weekend anyway, as its
the last possible time to do it before I hand in the report/data the following Friday. The data could be showing
one extreme in weather!
At the moment I am writing a bit about the history (although there isn't a great deal of info on the web!) and
the different forms of similar shelter and the types of weather extremes that the shelter protects from etc.
I/we are so looking forward to the adventure.
5/6
05/03/2010
I will try and call you next week to finalise things, i.e. time I think we'll arrive etc.
All the best
Maria
Thu, Feb 25, 2010 at 11:10 PM
Dear Ian & Merle,
A couple of questions..........
Does the Teepee get set up in a particular position, i.e. the entrance post facing east ( I read somewhere), so
I could take readings at the four compass sides. this can be done anyway, but just wondered if the teepee is
usually set-up in a particular orientation and if there was a reason for this, dawn light through the door etc.?
Plus, what size Teepee will I be working with?
Regards
Maria
Fri, Feb 26, 2010 at 9:28 AM
Hi Maria
For us there is no paticular orientation for the pitching of a tipi, however most native indians would have set
up facing morning sun. We set up according to other factors. Location, prevailing weather, rain, wind etc.
Basically if its nice weather and it's possible we'll set up with the nicest view from the door and sun to the
front, otherwise we put the tipis back to the weather.
We will set up an 18ft tipi. Should take about 2.5 hours with liner.
Snow has gone from here now.
All the best
6/6

Teepee Diary

Transcription

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