SunBelt XXX Abstract Proceedings

Transcription

SunBelt XXX Abstract Proceedings

SUNBELT XXX
Riva del Garda Fiere Congressi
Riva del Garda (TN), Italy
June 29 – July 4, 2010
Table of Contents
Page Name
Program
Keynote Speakers and Organizers
Sunbelt XXX Organizers
Places
Workshops
Schedule At-a-Glance
Paper Presentations
List of Presenters
Abstracts by Title
Index by Session Name
Index by Author Name
Index by Keyword
Page Number
3..81
3
4..5
6..11
12
13..16
17..74
75..80
82..729
730..732
733..766
767..789
INSNA “Sunbelt” Keynote Speakers and Organizers
Sunbelt Year
Location
Keynote Speaker
Organizers
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
Tampa
Tampa
San Diego
Phoenix
Palm Beach
Santa Barbara
Clearwater
San Diego
no speaker
John Barnes
James Coleman
Harrison White
Linton Freeman
J. Clyde Mitchell
Everett M. Rogers
Charles Kadushin
IX
X
XI
1989
1990
1991
Tampa
San Diego
Tampa
Frank Harary
Mark Granovetter
James Davis
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
San Diego
Tampa
New Orleans
London
Charleston
San Diego
XVIII
1998
Sitges
Peter Blau
A. Kimball Romney
Barry Wellman
Patrick Doreian
Bonnie Erickson
H. Russell Bernard &
Peter Killworth
Rolf Zeigler
H. Russell Bernard & Alvin Wolfe
Douglas White
Brian Foster
Eugene Johnsen & John Sonquist
John Sonquist, Eugene Johnsen, Sue Freeman &
Linton Freeman
Jeffrey Johnson
Everett M. Rogers
Katie Faust, Jeffrey Johnson, John Skvoretz &
Alvin Wolfe
Phillip Bonacich & Sue Freeman
Scott Feld & Jill Suitor
Martin Everett & Keith Rennolls
Katie Faust & John Skvoretz
Pat Doreian and Sue Freeman
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
1999
2000
2001
2002
Charleston
Vancouver
Budapest
New Orleans
Nan Lin
Linton Freeman
Martin Everett
Philippa Pattison
XXIII
2003
Cancún
Alvin Wolf
XXIV
2004
Portorož
Frans Stokman
XXV
2005
Redondo Beach Ronald Breiger
XXVI
2006
Vancouver
Ed Laumann
XXVII
2007
Corfu
XXVIII
2008
St. Pete, FL
Vlado Batagelj &
Anuška Ferligoj
Steve Borgatti
XXIX
2009
San Diego, CA
Phil Bonacich
José Luis Molina, Josep A. Rodríguez, Nuria R.
Ávila, Frans N. Stokman, Tom A. B. Snijders,
Evelien P.H. Zeggelink, Stephen P. Borgatti,
Alain Degenne, & Thomas Schweizer
John Skvoretz & Katie Faust
Bill Richards & Andrew Seary
Endre Sik
Ruth Aguilera, Noshir Contractor, Scott Feld,
Caroline Haythornthwaite, Shin-Kap Han, Ravi
Madhavan, & Stan Wasserman
Jorge Gil-Mendieta, Narda Alcántra Valverde,
Silvia Casasola argas, Jore Castro Cuellar,
Alejandro Ruiz León, José Luis Molina, Smauel
Schmidt, & Enrique Pérez García
Anuška Ferligoj, Vladimir Batagelj, Andrej
Mrvar, Hajdeja Iglič, Andrej Rus, Gregor Petrič,
Tina Kogovšek, Matjaž Zaveršnik, Nataša
Kejžar, & Darinka Kovačič
Carter Butts, Becca Davis, Katherine Faust &
Tom Valente
Bill Richards & Andrew Seary
Moses Boudourides & Iosif Botetzagias
Russ Bernard, Christopher McCarty, & John
Skvoretz
Becca Davis, Laura Koehly & Tom Valente
PROCEEDINGS of SunBelt XXX, 2010
Page 3
Copyright INSNA (c) Jun 29, 2010 to Present.
International Network for Social Network Analysis
Sunbelt XXX
International Sunbelt Social Network Conference
Riva del Garda Fiere Congressi
Riva del Garda (TN), Italy
June 29 – July 4, 2010
www.insna.org
Host Institution
University of Trento
38122 Trento, Italy
www.unitn.it
INSNA Officials
President: George Barnett
Board Members: Philippa Pattison (Vice-president), Philip Bonacich, Ulrik
Brandes, Martin Everett, Katherine Faust, Scott Feld, Anuska Ferligoj, David
Lazer, Garry Robins, John Skvoretz, Thomas Valente (Treasurer), Barry
Wellman
Chief Information Officer: Benjamin Elbirt
Sunbelt XXX Organizers
Scientific Committee: Mario Diani (chair), Vlado Batagelj, Moses
Boudourides, Antonio M. Chiesi, Dimitris Christopoulos, Ainhoa de Federico,
Anuska Ferligoj, Emmanuel Lazega, Alessandro Lomi.
Local organizing committee: Mario Diani (chair), Ferenc Jordan, Francesca
Odella, Elena Pavan, Massimo Riccaboni, Alberto Sanna, Marco Zamarian.
The University of Trento Conference Unit: Francesca Menna (head),
Francesca Chistè, Martina Lorenzi.
Conference stewards: Simona Bora, Giulio Bressan, Floriana Cova, Stefano
Diani, Francesco Pace, Silvia Ziliotto.
Department of Sociology and Social Research staff: Alessandra Bergamo,
Emilia Demattè, Michela Monselesan.
Page 5
Places
Registration point
The registration point is located on the ground floor, just in front of the entrance. Limited xeroxing and
printing facilities are available there.
Meeting Rooms location
Room
Sala 1000/A
Sala 1000/B
Sala Meeting
Sala Presidenza
Sala 100/A
Sala 100/B
Sala 300/A
Sala 300/B
Sala Belvedere
Sala Stampa A
Sala Stampa B
Location
First floor
First floor
First floor
First floor
First floor
First floor
Second Floor
Second Floor
Second Floor
Second Floor
Second Floor
Posters area
Posters area
0.A
0.B
0.C to 0.F
1.A
1.B
2.A
2.B
Location
Ground Floor - Hall
Ground Floor - Hall
Ground Floor – Corridor to the Palameeting
First floor
First floor
Second Floor
Second Floor
PC points
PC points are available on the ground floor, in the Hall.
Coffee corners
Coffee corners are available on the first and second floor
How to get to the banquet area
The banquet will take place in the PALAMEETING, which is right behind the meetings building. To get
to the PALAMEETING, walk along the corridor on the ground floor.
Hospitality suite: Hostel Benacus, Piazza Cavour 10 (see map)
Page 6
Ground Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
Workshops
Tuesday, June 29, 14:00 – 17:30
Meeting
Stampa/B
100/B
Belvedere
300/A
NetworkX introduction:
Hacking social networks
using the Python
programming language
Mixed Methods Research
Designs for Ego-centered
Social Networks- Part 1
Networks for Newbies
Introduction to the Analysis of
Network Data via UCINET and
NetDraw- Part 1
Introduction to
Exponential- family
Random Graph (ERG or p*)
Modeling with Statnet
Aric Hagberg,
Drew Conway
Alexandra Marin
Bettina Hollstein,
Laura Bernardi
Rich DeJordy,
Dan Halgin
Martina Morris,
Steven M. Goodreau,
Carter Butts,
Mark S. Handcock
Wednesday, June 30, 8:30 – 12:00
100/A
Stampa/B
300/B
100/B
Belvedere
300/A
Relational Text Analysis and
Network Analysis: From
AutoMap to ORA –
Part 1
Mixed Methods Research
Designs for Ego-centered
Social Networks- Part 2
An Introduction to
Modeling Social
Networks
Part 1
Collecting Social
Network Data
Introduction to the
Analysis of Network Data
via UCINET and NetDrawPart 2
tnet: Software for
Analysis of
Weighted, Twomode, and
Longitudinal
networks
Jana Diesner,
Kathleen Carley
Bettina Hollstein,
Laura Bernardi
Matthew Jackson
Alexandra Marin
Rich DeJordy,
Dan Halgin
Tore Opsahl
Page 11
Wednesday, June 30, 14:00 – 17:30
100/A
100/B
300/B
Stampa/A
Belvedere
300/A
Relational Text Analysis and
Network Analysis: From
AutoMap to ORA –
Part 2
Pajek workshop: Analysis
of Large Networks –
Part 1
An Introduction to
Modeling Social
Networks – Part 2
Advanced Social
Network Analysis using
UCINET and NetDrawPart 1
The Analysis of
Longitudinal Social
Network Data using
SIENA - Part 1
Vladimir Batagelj,
Andrej Mrvar,
Wouter de Nooy
Matthew Jackson
VennMaker: A New
Software for
participative
visualization,
interpretation and
analysis of social
networks – Part 1
Stephen Borgatti,
Martin Everett
Tom Snijders
Jana Diesner,
Kathleen Carley
Michael
Schoenhuth,
Markus Gamper,
Michael
Kronenwett
Thursday, July 1, 8:30 – 12:00
Stampa/B
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Belvedere
300/A
Social Network Approaches
for Behavior Change
Pajek workshop: Analysis
of Large Networks –
Part 2
visone - Analysis and
Visualization of Social
Networks
Advanced Social
Network Analysis using
UCINET and NetDrawPart 2
The Analysis of
Longitudinal Social
Network Data using
SIENA - Part 2
Vladimir Batagelj,
Andrej Mrvar,
Wouter de Nooy
Ulrich Brandes,
Jurgen Lerner
VennMaker: A New
Software for
participative
visualization,
interpretation and
analysis of social
networks - Part 2
Stephen Borgatti,
Martin Everett
Tom Snijders
Thomas Valente
Michael
Schoenhuth,
Markus Gamper,
Michael
Kronenwett
Page 12
Schedule At-a-Glance
Wednesday, June 30
14:00-18:00
Poster sessions
Thursday, July 1
9:00-12:00
Poster sessions
12:00-13:30
Board meeting
13:30-15:30
Interlocking Directorates I
13:30-15:30
(continued)
15:50-17:30
Social Support
15:50-17:30
(continued)
17:45-19:15
Academic and Scientific
Networks I
Social Networks and Life
Course Transitions I
Methods and Statistics
I
Infectious Diseases
and Social Networks
Twitter Networks I
Kinship Network
Analysis
Network Theory I
Adolescent Friendship
Networks I
2-Mode Networks I
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Organizações e
Relações
Interorganizacionais
Communication
Networks
Mixed Methods
Network Studies I
Networks and Natural
Resource Management
I
Geographic & Social
Space I
Networks, Economics,
and Markets I
Philosophy of
Networks I
Keynote Speech
Treasures and tensions – the alliance between social network analysis and statistics?
Tom Snijders
20:00
21:00-24:00
Banquet @ Palameeting, Conference Center
Hospitality Suite – Hostel Benacus
Page 13
Friday, July 2
8:30-10:10
Networks in Political Science I
Network Dynamics I
Friendship Networks I
8:30-10:10
(continued)
10:30-12:10
Inter-Organizational
Networks I
Mixed Methods Network
Studies II
Online Social
Networks I
Network Dynamics II
Networks II
and Markets II
10:30-12:10
(continued)
Intra-Organizational
Networks I
Personal (Egocentric)
Networks I
2-mode Networks II
12:30-13:30
13:30-15:30
Poster sessions
Analyzing Network Data I
Networks in Education
13:30-15:30
(continued)
15:50-17:30
15:50-17:30
(continued)
17:40-19:00
Studies III
Networks II
Networks II
Collaboration & Coordination I
Algorithms and
Analytic Methods
Entrepreneurial
Networks
Innovation and
Diffusion I
Networks II
Twitter Networks II
17:40-19:00
(continued)
Networks III
21:00-24:00
Inter-organizational
Networks II
and Markets III
Network Theory II
Network Mechanisms
And Network
Evolution I
Social Capital I
Collective Action and
Social Movements I
Network Mechanisms
And Network
Evolution II
Cognitive Social
Structures
Online Social
Networks II
II
Exponential Random
Graphs
Social Networks and
Health I
Social Movements II
Collecting Network
Data
Geographic & Social
Space II
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Saúde
Networks and Natural Social Networks and
Semantic Network
Resource Management Life Course
Analysis
II
Transitions II
Interlocking
Directorates II
C-IKNOW
Page 14
Saturday, July 3
8:30-10:10
Studies IV
8:30-10:10
Words and Networks I
(continued)
10:30-12:10
Networks III
10:30-12:10
Words and Networks II
(continued)
12:30-13:30
Business Meeting
13:30-15:30
Methods and Statistics III
13:30-15:30
(continued)
15:50-17:30
15:50-17:30
(continued)
17:40-19:00
17:40-19:00
(continued)
Words and Networks III
Individual Differences and
Social Networks
Words and Networks IV
Social Capital II
Viszards
Innovation and
Diffusion II
Academic and
Scientific Networks IV
Community
Networks III
Twitter Networks III
Social Capital III
Friendship Networks II
Qualitative Network
Studies II
Words and Networks V
Analyzing Network
Data II
21:00-24:00
Organizations and
Networks
Social Networks and
Health II
Social Networks and
Health III
Qualitative Network
Studies I
Online Social
Networks III
Ethnicity and
Networks I
Online Social
Networks IV
Networks and Culture
I
Social Movements III
International
Networks
Philosophy of
Networks II
Interlocking
Directorates III
Sesión
Iberoamericana:
Miscelânea
Leadership Networks
Dynamic Networks I
Gender and social
networks
Simulation
Social Influence I
Networks III
Visualization
II
Ethnicity and
Networks II
Innovation and
Diffusion III
Social Movements IV
Networks in Political
Science II
Web Science Panel
Criminals, Gangs,
Terrorists, and
Networks
Elite Networks
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Redes Politicas
Collaboration &
Coordination II
Page 15
Sunday, July 4
8:30-10:10
Networks and Teams
Network Properties
8:30-10:10
(continued)
10:30-12:10
Collaboration & Coordination
III
Networks in Political Science
III: Policy Networks
Friendship Networks III
Social Capital IV
10:30-12:10
(continued)
Networks V
Resource Management
III
Sex, Drugs, and Social
Networks
Economic
Development
Networks
Knowledge and
Learning Networks
Analyzing Network
Data III
Networks IV
Social Influence II
Social Movements V
Dynamic Networks II
IV
Interlocking
Directorates IV
Page 16
Paper presentations
Wednesday, June 30, 14:00-18:00 – Poster sessions
0.A
15:00-16:00 Tell your customers what they really
want to hear! Improving the
effectiveness of advertising campaigns
in the financial sector using SNA on the
Web2.0
Daniel Oster, Detlef Schoder, Johannes
Putzke, Kai Fischbach, Peter A Gloor,
Sabrina Steinfels
16:00-17:00 Understanding the role of Public Health
Systems and Services Research in Public
Health
Jenine Kinne Harris, Kate Beatty, Jesse
Lecy
17:00-18:00
Social network in social sciences
companies’ creation
Gregori Akermann
0.B
Innovation and Networks in
Cancer Drug Development
Lewis K Lee
0.C
Response to Emailed
Invitations: Sunbelt XXIX Online
Survey
William B Hansen, Eric L
Reese
0.D
The psychological constitution and
relevance of personal networks: a
multidimensional and multi-sector
study of subjectively important
relationships.
Holger von der Lippe, Nina-Sophie
Gaede
Not only Twitter: Networks,
Activity and Involvement in
Blip.pl
Jan M. Zajac, Mikolaj Hnatiuk,
Michal Podlewski, Dominik
Batorski
Social networks of young researchers
in German educational research
Martina Kenk
Playing brokerage: actions and
dynamics of brokerage roles in
two mediated transactions
Santi Furnari
Seize the mate: How migration
background impacts the perception
and availability of classmates as
source for academic help
Lysann Zander-Music, Bettina
Hannover, Gregory Daniel Webster
Page 17
Thursday, July 1, 9:00-12:00 – Poster sessions (1/2)
0.A
0.B
9:00-10:00
Optimistic and pessimistic
network members in families
affected by hereditary cancer:
implications for risk
communication and screening
encouragement
Laura M Koehly, Hillary
Devlin, Sato Ashida, Andrea
Giroux, Kaley Skapinsky,
Donald W Hadley
10:00-11:00 The Development of Public
Understanding the correlated
Health Systems and Services
risk and protective functions
Research: A Citation Network
of social networks on health:
Analysis
Relationships, water quality
Kate E Beatty, Jenine K Harris
and infectious disease risk in
rural Ecuador
Jonathan L. Zelner, James
Trostle, James Scott, Joseph
N.S. Eisenberg
11:00-12:00 Cognitive and social structure
Examining the Role of
of the elite collaboration
Network Centrality in
network of astrophysics: a
Hepatitis C Infection among
mixed-methods approach
Rural Appalachian Drug
Richard Heidler
Users
Adam B Jonas, Carrie B Oser,
Jennifer R Havens
0.C
Processo da formação da
rede oncorio especializada
no atendimento lencaa o
lencaa oncológico
Lamounier Erthal Villela,
Fatima Mendes Carvalho,
Luciene Nascimento de
Almeida, Luciano Prates
Junqueira
0.D
Hybrid Metrics of
Performance
Measurement in
Communities of Practice
Francesca Grippa, Laura
Schina
0.E
Eliciting Personal Social
Networks through
Diagrams
Lixiu Yu, Jeffrey V.
Nickerson
The role of social capital
social and resource
mobilization in
internationalization
processes
Jose Luis Galan, Cristobal
Casanueva, Ignacio Castro
Measuring the
Reciprocity Effect in a
Series of FollowFriday
Twitter Networks
Spyridon K.
Lazaropoulos, Moses A.
Boudourides, Andrew
Conway, Dimitrios G.
Daousis
Network analysis of
Twitter-based ecological
debates and
communities
Jason Brownlee, Simon
Martin, Djamel
Hassaine, Malcolm
Young
A Picture is Worth a
Thousand Words:
Photographic CrossIdentification Procedures
for Gathering Social
Network Data
Douglas A Hughes,
Derek K Stafford, Bret
Abel
The visualization of local
healthcare economies as
a means to transform an
industry
Olaf Zorzi
Peer-level Influences on
Bullying and Sexual
Harassment During
Adolescence
Dorothy Espelage, Sabina
Low, Josh Polanin
Page 18
Thursday, July 1, 9:00-12:00 – Poster sessions (continued – 2/2)
0.F
1.A
9:00-10:00
Exploiting the knowledge
Structural equivalence as a
shared among the members of
basis for detecting network
a virtual community:
subgroups in preschool peer
collaborative innovation
groups
processes in a global
António J. Santos, João R.
automotive company
Daniel, Inês Peceguina, Brian
Giuseppina Passiante,
E. Vaughn
Pasquale Del Vecchio, Dario
Rollo, Laura Schina, Francesca
Grippa
10:00-11:00 Who’s in and who’s out: The
Assembling the puzzle for
construction of parent social
promoting physical activity
support networks
in Brazil: a social network
Kimberly D. Bess, Bernadette
analysis
Doykos
Diana C Parra, Marsela
Dauti, Ross C Brownson,
Jenine Harris
11:00-12:00
On Experts, Teams and Team
Performance
Florian Aubke
12:00-13:30
Lunch break
12:00-13:30
Board meeting, Sala Stampa/A
1.B
Participation in
organizations practicing
collective action: A
longitudinal analysis of
network patterns
Eric Tesdahl, Paul W
Speer, Kimberly Bess
2.A
2.B
Evaluating Cross
Functional Teams in the
Public Sector
Joss Douthwaite
Folks in Folksonomies:
Social Link Prediction
from Shared Metadata
Rossano Schifanella,
Alain Barrat, Ciro
Cattuto, Benjamin
Markines, Filippo
Menczer
Stress and intraorganizational networks
Tanja Kirkegaard,
Christian Waldstrøm
Location of social
networks and political
participation:
Comparative study in
Japan and Korea.
Motoko Harihara
Sex Network
Characteristics and High
Risk Sexual Encounters
among Rural Drug Users
Carrie B. Oser, Adam
Jonas, Jennifer R.
Havens
The knowledge system of
actors within the organic
farming network: A Case
study of small scale
farmers in the settlement
“5.000” in Mato Grosso,
Brazil.
Elisabeth Leibezeder,
Christian Reinhard Vogl
Page 19
Thursday, July 1, 13:30-15:30 (1/4)
100/A
100/B
Methods and Statistics I
13:30-13:50
Political Facets of Business
Networks: Politics And
Interlocking Directorates In
Russia
Bruce Cronin, Vladimir
Popov
13:50-14:10
Women on board! Female
board representation in
Sweden 1987-2005
Love Bohman, Christofer
Edling, Anna Staffudd
A latent trajectory model for
the co-evolution of behaviour
and network ties
Johan H Koskinen, Tom A.B.
Snijders
14:10-14:30
Institutional Transition and
Market Networks: An
Historical Investigation of
Interlocking Directorates of
Big Businesses in Taiwan,
1962-2003
Zong-Rong Lee
Triadic closure in two-mode
networks: Redefining the global
and local clustering coefficients
Tore Opsahl
Meeting
Kinship Network
Analysis
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Communication
Networks
Geographic & Social
Space I
Modeling the emergence
of matrimonial circuits
in random kinship
networks: alternative
approaches and
comparative results
Arnaud Bringé, Klaus
Hamerger, Camille Roth
Longitudinal Family
Networks
Walter Bien, Holger
Quellenberg
Making the Most of
Conferences via Social
Networking
Julia Hersberger, Crystal
Fulton, Kate Johnson,
Ophelia T. Morey, Ruth
Vondracek
Social Distance, Social
Networks and Adolescent
Academic Performance
Ming-Yi Chang, YeuSheng Hsieh
Analysing extended
household and family
networks
Walter Bien, Pötter
Ulrich, Prein Gerald
Reality Mining Africa
Shawndra Hill,
Getachew Berhan, Anita
Banser, Nathan Eagle
Unemployment: The dual
importance of who you
know and where you
live?
Galina Daraganova, Pip
Pattison, Bill Mitchell,
Anthea Bill, Martin
Watts, Scott Baum
Page 20
Thursday, July 1, 13:30-15:30 (continued – 2/4)
100/A
100/B
Methods and Statistics I
Meeting
Kinship Network
Analysis
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Communication
Networks
Geographic & Social
Space I
14:30-14:50
The dynamics of interlocks in
France
Catherine Comet
Random effect models for
triadic social network data
Marijtje AJ van Duijn
Ja-networks, diffusion of
innovation and
behaviour change
Kaberi Gayen, Robert
Raeside
Disaster networks
Michael Schweinberger,
Miruna PetrescuPrahova
Corporate interlock
formation as network
process. An event history
analysis of directors’
changeovers in industry,
finance, and cultural
institutions.
Wouter De Nooy
A second look at the graph
theoretic dimensions of
informal organizations
Martin G Everett, David
Krackhardt
KinMason: Modeling
Kinship Networks in
Pakistan’s Rural NorthWest Province
Armando Geller,
Maksim Tsvetovat,
Claudio Cioff-Revilla
Corporations and
Foundations’ Networks:
Creating a New Power
System
Josep A Rodriguez
Algebraic models of diffusion
through a social network
Lucia Falzon, Nectarios
Kontoleon, Pip Pattison, Garry
Robins
Presentation of the
software Puck (Program
for the use and
computation of kinship
data)
Klaus Hamberger,
Arnaud Bringé, Camille
Roth
From Social Structure to
Social Rhythms: Time as
a Key Dimension in
Understanding the Effect
of Team Communication
Structure and Team
Leader Position on Team
Performance
Eric Quintane, Philippa
E. Pattison, Garry L.
Robins, Joeri M. Mol
Weighted reciprocity in a
human communication
network
David S Hachen, Omar
Lizardo, Zoltan
Toroczkai, Nitesh
Chawla, Cheng Wang,
Anthony Strathman
Exploring the Changing
Social Structure of the
United States of America
(1972-2008) with
Homophily Networks
Stephen Lieberman,
Sean Everton
The spatiality of social
networks: some
exploratory
considerations for the
analysis of cross-border
policy networks
Christophe Sohn, Olivier
Walther, Dimitrios C
Christopoulos
14:50-15:10
15:10-15:30
Local governance
networks in Europe:
Preliminary findings
Olivier Walther,
Dimitrios C
Christopoulos,
Christophe Sohn
Page 21
Thursday, July 1, 13:30-15:30 (continued - 3/4)
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Social Support
Infectious Diseases and Social
Networks
Social Network Analysis (SNA)
advantages in tuberculosis (TB)
control in high TB incidence
community in Saskatchewan.
A Al-Azem, V Hoeppner, N
Osgood
Building a complete poultry farm
network for epidemic
preparedness
Lena Fiebig, Timo Smieszek, Jan
Hattendorf, Jakob Zinsstag
Network Theory I
Studies I
Eliciting communities from
personal network visualizations:
ties, groups and communities
Romina Cachia, Isidro MayaJariego
13:30-13:50
Social Support Mechanisms of the
Elderly – Insights from the British
Household Panel Survey
Robert Raeside, Kaberi Gayen
Reciprocity, Power and
Exploitation in Exchange
Networks: A Social-Psychological
Model
Phil Bonacich
13:50-14:10
Social support and the experience
of living with HIV for women in
Australia
Jayne Marie Russell
14:10-14:30
Network characteristics of a
social support organization for
gay men in Southern California
Ian W Holloway
Super-nodes are not necessarily
super-spreaders!
Timo Smieszek, Lena Fiebig
The Length of Weak Ties
Nathan Eagle, Michael Macy, Rob
Claxton
14:30-14:50
A Niche in the Family:
Multiplexity in Parent-Adult Child
J. Jill Suitor, Megan Gilligan, Karl
Pillemer
Collecting social network data for
HIV prevention activities: a
review of strategies
Chyvette T Williams
Creating and Maintaining a
Scale-Free Core-Periphery
Fractal Network
Scott L Feld, Bernard Grofman
Memory Constraints and Network
Structure
Matthew E Brashears
Effect of Background, Attitudinal
and Social Network Variables on
PhD Students’ Academic
Performance. A Multimethod
Approach
Lluis Coromina, Aina Capo,
Jaume Guia, Germa Coenders
Network structures and value
shifts in China: How who you
know influences how you define a
moral person
Christine Benita Avenarius,
Jeffrey Carl Johnson
Kin and Neighbors: Hunting the
Hills of Missouri
Kasey L Walker
Page 22
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Social Support
Infectious Diseases and Social
Networks
Emergence of core groups in
dynamic sexual contact networks
Boris V. Schmid, Mirjam
Kretzschmar
Network Theory I
Studies I
Examining Online Organizational
Development through the
Extraction and Analysis of
Longitudinal Network Data from
the World Wide Web
Matthew S Weber, Peter Monge
Mixing in large populations:
Some new measures
Alden S Klovdahl
From Communication to Actors in
Networks. What Niklas
Luhmann’s Theory of
Communication Can Teach Us
about the Constitution of Social
Networks
Jan Fuhse
14:50-15:10
The role of social support
networks on household wellbeing: A village level case study in
Northern Thailand
Theda Goedecke, Hermann
Waibel
15:10-15:30
Intergenerational social support
and gender inequalities
Andreas Klaerner, Sylvia Keim
15:30-15:50
Signed Networks in Social Media
Jure Leskovec, Daniel
Huttenlocher, Jon Kleinberg
Getting a Job with or without
social Networks : the Interest of
a mixed Method
Nathalie Chauvac
Coffee break
Page 23
Thursday, July 1, 15:50-17:30 (1/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Social Networks and
Life Course
Transitions I
Twitter Networks I
Sessão Iberoamericana:
Organizações e Relações
Interorganizacinais
Resource Management
I
Networks, Economics, and
Markets I
15:50-16:10
How Personal Networks
affect the Entry into the
Labour Market. A FuzzySet Analysis
Betina Hollstein,
Claudius Wagemann
A Estrutura Formal e Informal
das Organizações: A Comparação
entre a Percepção de
Conhecimento Técnico e
Organizacional.
Edgar Reyes Jr, Maria de Lourdes
Borges, Claudio Reis Gonçalo
Linking social and
ecological networks in
coastal fisheries
Joseph J Luczkovich,
Becky A Deehr, Jeffrey C
Johnson, Lisa Clough,
David Griffith, Brian
Chevaurant
Network Science Approach to
Network Structure &
Transparency in Frontier
Markets
Dan Evans, Joshua
Lospinoso, John Graham
16:10-16:30
Individual preferences
and relational
constraints in selecting
wedding guests: a
qualitative analysis of
young couples’ social
networks
Anna-Maija Castren,
Florence Maillochon
Diffusion in large virtual
networks: distinguishing
social connections and
cultural discourse
influence on the adoption
of Twitter clients
Elena Dugundji, Ate
Poorthuis, Michiel van
Meeteren
The Twitter network
boost: Social amplification
and attenuation of
discourse in microblogging
Dawn Gilpin, James A
Danowski, Munan Xue
As relações sociais em
aglomerados de empresas : um
estudo de caso
Edgar Reyes Jr, Maria de Lourdes
Borges, Claudio Reis Gonçalo,
Heitor josé Medina
The importance of trust
and leadership in the
governance of urban
river corridor ecosystem
services
Alison R Holt, Peter
Moug, David N Lerner
From formal to informal
market’s organization: Social
construction and stabilization
of an emerging audiovisual
market
Guillaume Favre
Page 24
Thursday, July 1, 15:50-17:30 (continued – 2/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Social Networks and
Life Course
Transitions I
Twitter Networks I
Sessão Iberoamericana:
Organizações e Relações
Interorganizacinais
Resource Management
I
Networks, Economics, and
Markets I
16:30-16:50
Social Interaction as
Incentive to Parenthood
Laura Bernardi,
Francesco Giudici
Network Generation
Mechanisms and the
Twitter Online Network
Derek Ruths, Ramnath
Vaidyanathan
Problemas de agência e
desempenho económico: redes
mercantis no comércio luso
brasileiro (1720-1760)
Maria Manuela Rocha, Leonor
Freire Costa
The role of the General
Practitioners’ social networks
in sales force management in
pharmaceutical companies
Gianluca Murgia, Alessandro
Agnetis, Enza Messina, Marco
Pranzo
16:50-17:10
Stability and change of
personal networks
during the transition to
parenthood
Marlene Sapin
17:10-17:30
My choice or theirs?
Social network effects on
occupational changes
during the transition to
parenthood.
Francesco Giudici, Eric
D. Widmer
Twittering your way into
office. Local elections and
candidate’s use of Twitter
networks
Maurice Vergeer, William
J. Burk
Patterns in Twitter:
between Noise and Social
Action
Sam Zeini, Lothar
Krempel
Inter-organizational Cooperation
on the institutions of professional
training in the Central Alentejo
(Portugal)
Joaquim Fialho, José Saragoça,
Carlos Silva
Epistemic authorities and local
mechanisms of coordination in
the French biotech industry
Alvaro Pina Stranger
Social Influence and
Environmentally
Sustainable Land
Management in
Australia
Dean Lusher, David
Tucker, Melissa Green,
Lorraine Bates, Garry
Robins, Philippa
Pattison, Peta Dzidic
and Zoe Leviston
SNA methods in
conservation biology: an
overview
Ferenc Jordan
Network Models of Brand
Relationships: brand power, a
brand portfolio and an
extension to tripartite
networks
Jun Kanamitsu
Spreading the Oprah Effect:
The Diffusion of Exogenous
Demand Shocks in
Recommendation Networks
Eyal Carmi, Gal OestreicherSinger, Arun Sundararajan
Page 25
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
Academic and Scientific Networks I
Adolescent Friendship Networks I
2-Mode Networks I
15:50-16:10
A Longitudinal Analysis of Coauthorship
Antecedents, Trends and Outcomes in
Information Systems Research
Michael Gallivan, Manju Ahuja
The Classroom as Network Boundary.
Identifying and Handling the Role of
Inter-Class Friendships
Thomas N. Friemel, Christian E.G.
Steglich
16:10-16:30
Predicting author h-index using
characteristics of the co-author network
Christopher McCarty, James Jawitz, Alex
Goldman, Allison Hopkins
Adolescent Social Networks and
Sexual Practices
Wassie Kebede Reda
Mode Definition and Sampling in
Affiliation Networks
Katherine Faust
16:30-16:50
Meaning Networks for Social Networks
concept: A Scientometric Study Case
Gabriel Velez
Evolutionary games on 2-mode
networks
Jorge Peña, Yannick Rochat,
Henri Volken
16:50-17:10
Impact factor as a measure of quality?
Sasha Goodman, Balazs Kovacs
Selection and influence processes in
gender segregated friendship
networks
Liesbeth Mercken, Tom Snijders,
Christian Steglich, Erkki Vartiainen,
Hein de Vries
The measurement of social
integration among the pupils in
different Italian regional contexts
Antonella Guarneri, Luisa Natale,
Giulia Rivellini, Maura Simone, Laura
Terzera
300/B
Philosophy of
Networks I
Problems for Network
Theory in the Thought of
Durkheim, Simmel,
Bourdieu, and Spinoza
Ronald Breiger
Interorganizational Network
Dynamics After Disaster:
Evacuation, Reconnection,
Rebuilding, And Re-Engaging
Marya L Doerfel, Lisa V
Chewning, Chih-Hui Lai
Substantiating the network
perspective based on by
Bourdieu´s habitus and field
theory
Marina Hennig, Steffen Kohl
Network Plasticity and the
Philosophy of Hegel
Moses A. Boudourides
SNA meets ANT: A Dialogue
between Two Modern
Networks
Nick Srnicek
Page 26
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
Academic and Scientific Networks I
Adolescent Friendship Networks I
2-Mode Networks I
300/B
Philosophy of
Networks I
Alcohol Use among Adolescents as a
Coordination Game in a Dynamic
Friendship Network
Rense Corten, Andrea Knecht
Fitting Signed Two-mode
Blockmodels
Patrick Doreian, Andrej Mrvar,
Paulette Lloyd
Representation of
sociotechnical networks
Athena Piterou, Fred
Steward
17:10-17:30
17:45-19:15
Keynote Speech
Treasures and tensions - the alliance between social network analysis and statistics?
Tom Snijders
(University of Oxford and University of Groningen)
Sala 1000/A
20:00
21:00-24:00
Banquet at Palameeting, Conference Center
ABSTRACT KEYNOTE SPEECH
Recent years have seen a host of new statistical methods being proposed for social network analysis, covering cross-sectional as
well as longitudinal network data. These methods are complicated but nevertheless they are indeed starting to be applied.
However, statistical modelling and network analysis are not easy friends: statistics is based on averaging while network analysis
highlights the unique features of structure and positions - such as geodesic distances, bridges, centrality. Statistics usually is based
on sampling and measurement error, but in network analysis sampling is notoriously hard and measurement error is one of the
great unknowns. What does an alliance between social network analysis and statistics have to offer? Does it yield new answers,
insights, results for social network questions? Does it provide a bridge between social network analysis and other parts of the
social sciences? Or is it barren methodology?
Page 27
Friday, July 2, 8:30-10:10 (1/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Science I
Network Dynamics I
Network Mechanisms
And Network
Evolution I
Chess
Benjamin Johnson, Sean
Kelly Eyre, Ian
McCulloh, Anthony
Johnson
Social Movements I
8:30-8:50
Stakeholder Dynamics in a
Conflict Situation: Social
Network Analysis of
Newspaper Articles
Anna Heikkinen
8:50-9:10
Informed Decisions and War:
How the Networked
Structure of Governments
Shapes Their Behavior
Regarding Threats and War
Wayne Allen Thornton
Is dropping old friends
necessary for making
new friends?
Lung-An Li, Chyi-In Wu
Personal network dynamics :
changes, sequences and events.
Claire Bidart, Patrice
Cacciuttolo
Macro-structural
conditions on microfriendship formation
processes: Towards
convergence or
divergence?
Filip Agneessens,
Gerhard van de Bunt,
Maurits de Klepper
Part 1: Social Network
Monsters in Telecom Call
Graphs
Kenth Engo-Monsen,
Johannes Bjelland,
Geoffrey Canright, Rich
S. Ling, Pål Roe Sundsøy
The Attitudinal Bases of
Protest Networks:
Attitudes towards the
War and Multiple
Memberships in
Associations and Protest
Communities in the 15
February 2003 Anti-War
Demonstrations
Iosif A Botetzagias,
Moses A Boudourides,
Chrysovaladis Malesios
Transnational Social
Movement
Organizations’
Connectedness and
Collaborations: Strategic
Action and Network
Dynamics Driving
‘Globalization’
Ana Velitchkova
Page 28
Friday, July 2, 8:30-10:10 (continued – 2/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Science I
Network Dynamics I
Social Movements I
9:10-9:30
The power of votes. Political
networks at the territorial
level in Naples
Luciano Brancaccio
The Interplay Between Project
Networks and Project
Institutions
Emanuela Todeva
9:30-9:50
A Union Divided:
Polarization in the Screen
Actors Guild
Nina F. O'Brien
Choosing multiple sources for a
network diffusion
Bruce W Rogers, Shankar
Bhamidi, Peter Mucha
Structurally Induced
Random Graph Model of
Social Networks
Drew Conway
Defeating Milosevic: The
Role of Networked
Organizations and the
Internet in Serbia in the
1990s.
Christopher Tunnard
9:50-10:10
Network Influence on Civic
Attitudes: A Cross-Country
Analysis
Cerem Isil Cenker
Explaining Patterns of
Interorganizational Network
Dynamics
Alexander C. Smit, Marius T.H.
Meeus, Joerg Raab
Rational Choice in
classroom networks? An
empirical study of
desires, motives, and
actual friendships
Chris Baerveldt, Jef
Vlegels, Christian
Steglich
Is a “Friend” a Friend?:
Comparing the Structure
of Online and Offline
Friendship Networks
Brooke Foucault Welles,
Anne M Van Devender,
Noshir Contractor
IkeNet4: Friendship
Formation Among
Military Officers
Ian McCulloh, Joshua
Lospinoso, John Graham
Network Mechanisms
And Network
Evolution I
Part 2: Dynamics of
social network monsters
Paal Roe Sundsoey,
Kenth Engoe-Monsen,
Geoffrey Canright,
Johannes Bjelland, Rich
Ling
Social Networks and
Performance in School
Classes, Efficient and
Inefficient Teacher
Control
Karoly Takacs, Kinga
Reka Makovi, Zsofia
Boda, Balint Neray
Ideology and
collaboration in the
Italian legislative
process: myth or reality?
Laura Sartori, Paolo
Parigi
Just a conversation like
any other? A network
analysis of digital
activism in the German
Twittersphere
Andreas Jungherr,
Pascal Jürgens
Page 29
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Inter-Organizational Networks I
Online Social Networks I
Social Capital I
The Governance and Effectiveness of
Whole Networks. Testing Propositions
from Provan and Kenis (2008) in the
Dutch Water Sector
Joerg Raab, Stefan Keijl, Roy Neijland,
Keith Provan
Technological turbulence and the
effectiveness of alliance cliques
M Pieters, V Gilsing, W Vanhaverbeke
IM Social Networks: Individual,
Relational and Cultural
Characteristics
Ilan Talmud
9:10-9:30
Structures of Close Scientific
Collaboration in Publicly Funded R&D
Networks
Georg Fuerlinger, Manfred Paier
Factors of Online Social
Network Usage
Marek Opuszko, Johannes
Ruhland
9:30-9:50
Structural patterns and effectiveness of
interorganizational networks: An example
of the high-tech-industry
Michael Strenge, Olaf N. Rank, Nadine V.
Kegen
Culture, network, distinction:
An ethno-computational
approach to friendship in SNS
Antonio A. Casilli, Paola
Tubaro
Networks II
Being loved or being acclaimed? –
How does (not) status rivalry bias
performance in friendshipnetworks?
Kinga Reka Makovi, Balint Neray,
Judit Pál
Changes of Friendship among
Taiwanese Adolescents: Gender,
Class, and Rural-Urban
Differences
Yeu-Sheng Hsieh, Ming-Yi Chang,
Meng-Sian Jhou
Co-Evolutionary Models of
Friendship Networks and
Substance Use Behaviors Among
Middle-School Students: Findings
from the Project choice-idea
Mariana Horta, Harold D. Green
Jr., Joan Tucker, Elizabeth J.
D'Amico
Exploring Adolescent Rejection
and Victimization Dynamics with
SIENA
John M Light, Julie C Rusby, Tom
A B Snijders
8:30-8:50
8:50-9:10
Network as auto-biography:
Community detection on
personal networks from
Facebook
Bernie Hogan
Towards Social Network HIV
Prevention Interventions in
Truck-Drivers
John A Schneider, Ed O
Laumann, Prem SG Kumar, Lalit
Dandona, Kenneth H Mayer
Social networks in the production
of culture: the role of social
capital
Zeljka Tonkovic
Social Capital in the Creation of
Human Capital--the Case of Rural
Students in Contemporary China
Kayi Fung, Danching Ruan
Social Capital and Economic
Integration of Migrants in Urban
China
Yao Lu, Danching Ruan, Gina Lai
Page 30
Belvedere
Inter-Organizational Networks I
9:5010:10
Running well and looking good: The
differential effect of different ties on
internal and external ratings of
organizational performance
Brandon Ofem
10:10-10:30
Presidenza
Online Social Networks
I
300/A
300/B
Networks II
Social Capital I
Modeling Influence and Power
in Political Blog Networks
Wojciech Gryc
The Contribution of School
Context to Stability on Adolescent
Friendship Networks
Jodi L Ford, Christopher R
Browning
Marketization and Job Search
Networks in Urban China: A
Decade of Change
Yanjie Bian, Xianbi Huang
Coffee break
Friday, July 2, 10:30-12:10 (1/4)
10:30-10:50
10:50-11:10
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Studies II
Network Dynamics II
and Markets II
Online Social
Networks II
Pride, Prejudice and Dynamic
Triangles. Marriage
Strategies within the Estate
System in England at the End
of the 18th Century.
Juergen Pfeffer, Betina
Hollstein
Qualitative Networks.
Theoretical and
epistemological foundations.
Elisa Bellotti
Cognitive similarity, tie
creation, and tie strength:
Network and content analysis
of an online forum
Pietro Panzarasa, Bernard
Kujawski
Finding the optimal
delimitation of regional
labour markets using
Newman’s modularity
approach
Per Kropp
Network Mechanisms
And Network
Evolution II
Repairing Negative
Relationships
Zuzana Sasovova, Filip
Agneessens, Giuseppe
Labianca
Stability and instability of
complex systems and major
players position: the case of the
biopharmaceutical industry
Brigitte Gay
Conflict & connection:
International network
position and the onset of
conflict since the Cold
War.
Lindsay Marie Jacobs,
Ronan Van Rossem
Personalised and
Dynamic Trust in Social
Networks
Frank E. Walter, Stefano
Battiston, Frank
Schweitzer
Social Bookmarking
Systems: Verbosity
Improves Semantics
Christian Körner,
Dominik Benz, Andreas
Hotho, Markus
Strohmaier, Gerd
Stumme
Networks, Information
Consumption and
Problem Solving in a
Web-Based Community
Alexandra Marin
Page 31
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Studies II
Network Dynamics II
and Markets II
Online Social
Networks II
11:10-11:30
Organizational
Transformation for Energy
Management and Green
Buildings: A Case Study of
One Public School District
Jennifer E. Cross, Zinta
Byrne, Michelle Lueck, Bill
Franzen, Stuart Reeve
Understanding Social Influence
Processes. Insights from 5 Years
of Stochastic Actor-based
Modelling.
Christian Steglich
Economic Credit in
Renaissance Florence
John F Padgett, Paul D
McLean
Network Mechanisms
And Network
Evolution II
Local Structure in
Dynamic Belief Networks
Lorien Jasny
11:30-11:50
Social Network Analysis and
Ethnography:
Complementary Tools to
Analyze Real-life Behavior
Mark S Fleisher, Andrew V
Papachristos
A Few Special Cases: Scientific
Creativity and Network
Dynamics in the Field of Rare
Diseases
Laura Frigotto, Massimo
Riccaboni
Generative Mechanisms
of the International
Trade Network
Tim Kastelle
11:50-12:10
Winners’ Circles 2.0: From
Whole to Ego Networks
John L McCreery
Do changes in the personal
networks of immigrants over
time reflect a process of
integration in the host society?
Miranda Jessica Lubbers, José
Luis Molina, Chris McCarty
Discerning Meaning in
the Complex Structure of
Multiple Networks: An
Exponential Random
Graph Approach
Neha Gondal, Paul
McLean
Investigating Social
Interactions via Active
RFID
Lorenzo Isella, Ciro
Cattuto, Alain Barrat,
Vittoria Colizza, Wouter
Van der Broeck, Marco
Quaggiotto
The hidden layer of
online collaboration: The
social network and
functions of the user talk
pages on Venetian
wikipedia
Paolo Massa, Davide
Setti, Asta
Zelenkauskaite
Jungere or gaudere? An
investigation of tertium
iungens and tertium
gaudens strategies in
online business social
networks
Lucia Marchegiani,
Federica Brunetta,
Francesca Vicentini
Linking on-line social
networks and real-world
human proximity
Juliette Stehle, Lorenzo
Isella, Harith Alani, Ciro
Cattuto, Gianluca
Correndo, Marco
Quaggiotto
Page 32
Friday, July 2, 10:30-12:10 (continued - 3/4)
10:30-10:50
10:50-11:10
11:10-11:30
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks I
Email networks and social
networks in organizations. A
study of a medium-sized bank
Rebeka Lex, Balazs Kovacs,
Andras Vicsek
Normative Homophily, Relational
Turnover and Organizational
Structure: the Case of the
Commercial Court of Paris
Paola Tubaro, Emmanuel
Lazega, Lise Mounier, Tom A.B.
Snijders
Productivity Through Coffee
Breaks: Changing Social
Networks by Changing Break
Structure
Benjamin N Waber, Daniel
Olguin Olguin, Taemie Kim, Alex
Pentland
Networks I
A decade of changing neighbor
relations
Gerald Mollenhorst, Beate
Völker, Veronique Schutjens
2-mode Networks II
Cognitive Social Structures
Predicting links in social
networks: the israeli law system
and netflix
Alon Bartal, Gilad Ravid
What Does Knowledge of the
Network Get You?
Jeffrey C Johnson
Personal networks of young
people in Sweden
Christofer Edling, Jens Rydgren
Jumping on the bandwagon: A
longitudinal study on
collaboration networks and
decision to participate
Marco Tonellato, Guido Conaldi
Perceptual Congruence of a Top
Management Team
Daniel S Halgin, Stephen P
Borgatti, Virginie L Kidwell,
Travis Grosser
International comparisons of
personal networks
Ainhoa de Federico
Sexual affiliation networks of
swingers and the spread of
sexually transmitted infections,
the two-mode approach.
Anne-Marie Niekamp, Christian
JPA Hoebe, Nicole HTM DukersMuijrers
Predicting regional selfidentification from spatial
network models
Zack W. Almquist, Carter T. Butts
Page 33
11:30-11:50
11:50-12:10
12:10-13:30
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks I
Pathways to Informal Power: the
Interplay between Network
Structure and Individual
Strategic Behavior Effects on
Informal Power
Alona Labun, Rafael Wittek,
Christian Steglich, Rudi Wielers
Where Do Intra-Organizational
Advice Relations Come From?
Rafael Wittek, Filip Agneessens
Networks I
Change and External Events in
Online Networks
Ryan M Acton, Emma S Spiro,
Carter T Butts
2-mode Networks II
Cognitive Social Structures
The co-evolution of social
networks and students’ affiliation
preferences
Vanina Torlò, Alessandro Lomi,
Tom Snijders
Accuracy of Cognitive Network
Perceptions and their Influence
Upon Search Efficacy
Nick Parsons, Tim Kastelle, Jon
Heales
Network Autocorrelation Model
using Two-mode Network Data:
Affiliation Exposure Model and
Biasness in Autocorrelation
Parameter
Kayo Fujimoto, Thomas W
Valente
Emerging Perceptions: Using
Longitudinal Analysis to Examine
the Dynamic Power Structures in
Networks
Kasey L Walker
Lunch break
Page 34
Friday, July 2, 12:30-13:30 - Poster sessions
0.A
12:30-13:30
0.B
Software Demonstration:
Gephi
Mathieu Bastian
Friday, July 2, 12:30-13:30 - Poster sessions (continued)
1.A
1.B
12:30-13:30 Analyses of Industrial Affinity
Social capital in hotelling
in Networks of Patents and
firms. the design of a
Transaction
measurement instrument
Hiroyasu Inoue
Cristobal Casanueva,
Angeles Gallego, M Angeles
Revilla
0.C
0.D
0.E
Examining the Role of
Network Centrality in
Hepatitis C Infection
among Rural
Appalachian Drug Users
Adam B Jonas, Carrie B
Oser, Jennifer R Havens
Building Agency
Capacity in Human
Services through
Li-Wen Liu, Wei HsiSheng, HU Chung-Yi
Network evolution: An
actor based replicator
dynamic model.
James Greenwood-Lee,
Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
Sala 100/A
TextAnalytics.net: A
system for automated
discovery of social
networks from electronic
communication
Anatoliy Gruzd
Page 35
Friday, July 2, 13:30-15:30 (1/5)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Algorithms and Analytic
Methods
II
Geographic & Social
Space II
13:30-13:50
Novel Definition for
Weighted Clustering
Coefficient
Geoffrey S Canright, Kenth
Engø-Monsen
Spectral analysis of directed
Laplacians of social networks
John P Boyd
Social influence and
career paths: Findings
from 14 nascent
networks
Brian Rubineau,
Shinwon Noh, David
Lazer, Michael Neblo
Matrix Operations for
Counting Triads
Akishige Kishida
13:50-14:10
Interdisciplinary application
of (Social) Network Analysis
to the field of scenario
technique
Volker Grienitz, AndreMarcel Schmidt
Bayesian Inference of
Exponential-family random
graph model and its conjugacy
analysis
Ranran Wang, Mark S.
Handcock
“Behind enemy ties” Effect of network
structure on negative
relations among high
school students
Zoltán László Csaba,
Judit Pál, Károly Takács
Measuring Segregation
in Social Networks
Michal Bojanowski,
Rense Corten
Diversity of Aggregate
Neighborhood Network
Exposures and
Adolescent Problem
Behavior: The Case of
Immigrant Concentrated
Neighborhoods
Christopher R
Browning, Lauren J
Krivo, Mei-Po Kwan,
Heather Washington,
Aubrey Jackson, Jodi
Ford
Neighborhood Networks
and Neighborhood
Crime: A Simulation
Study
John R Hipp, Carter T
Butts, Nicholas N Nagle,
Adam Boessen, Ryan
Acton
Page 36
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Methods
Distance Measures for Dynamic
Citation Networks
Michael James Bommarito,
Daniel Martin Katz, Jonathan
Zelner, James H. Fowler
II
Data-analytical Methods
in Social Network
Research
Jaime R. S. Fonseca,
Romana Xerez
Geographic & Social
Space II
Social Networks and
Spatial Analysis – How
Office Layouts Drive
Interaction and
Collaboration
Kerstin Sailer, Ian
McCulloh
Using the weighted richclub coefficient to
explore traffic
organization in mobility
networks
Michele Tizzoni, Jose'
Javier Ramasco, Vittoria
Colizza, Pietro
Panzarasa
The Geographical
Distribution of Personal
Networks of Migrants in
Barcelona
Jose Luis Molina,
Miranda J. Lubbers,
Juergen Lerner, Ulrik
Brandes, Fabien
Pelissier
14:10-14:30
Quantifying the topological
importance of nodes in
signed digraphs
Wei-chung Liu
14:30-14:50
Models of Quasi-Symmetry
Relate Sex to Dominance in
Wild Dolphin Males
Elisa Jayne Bienenstock,
Margaret Stanton, Janet
Mann
Modeling Relational Events via
Latent Classes
Christopher L DuBois,
Padhraic Smyth
14:50-15:10
Some Thoughts on Analyzing
Trajectories
Stephen P. Borgatti, Daniel S.
Halgin
Bridging Between Interaction
Data and Association Networks
Daniel D Suthers
As long as they are
happy you don’t need to
improve. / If it ain’t
broke, don’t collaborate
Jens Martinus Pedersen,
Christian Waldstrøm,
Jacob Wagner Sørensen
The Generalized Method
of Moments for the
estimation of the
parameters in the
stochastic actor-oriented
model.
Viviana Amati, Tom A.B.
Snijders
Measuring Negative Ties:
a combined approach.
Renato Roda
ERGMs vs Latent Space
Models: Comparing their
goodness-of-fit for
Kapferer's tailor shop
network
Nicola Soriani, Mark S.
Handcock
Page 37
15:10-15:30
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Methods
Communities in five networks: a
meta-analysis
Malgorzata Jadwiga Krawczyk
II
Tie Interdependencies in
Email Communication
Networks
Ofer Engel
Geographic & Social
Space II
Social Influence and the
Autism Epidemic
Ka-Yuet Liu, Marissa
King, Peter Bearman
Individual Profiles in Local
Network Structures
Michael Andrew Pearson
Friday, July 2, 13:30-15:30 (continued- 4/5)
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Studies III
Entrepreneurial Networks
Inter-organizational Networks
II
Networking of words of the
mission: exploring mission
management in Japanese NPO
Hiroki,Noguchi
Exponential Random Graphs
(A semi comprehensive) Network
analysis of an exchange program
Antonio Rivero Ostoic
Activity, closure and brokerage in
social network models
Garry Robins, Philippa Pattison,
Tom Snijders, Peng Wang
13:30-13:50
13:50-14:10
Integrating Social Network
Analysis in Participant
Observation Work with Student
Engineering Teams
Michael L Jones
Welcome to the Dealmaker Club Studying the Matthew Effect and
its Exceptions in Venture Capital
Deal Networks
Michael Schuricht
The impact of the social network
on the decision to start
entrepreneurial activity
Martin Haring, Tom Elfring,
Mirjam van Praag, Sander
Hoogendoorn
A Perfect Sampling Method for
Random Graph Models
Carter T. Butts
Page 38
14:10-14:30
14:30-14:50
14:50-15:10
15:10-15:30
15:30-15:50
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Studies III
Explaining decision-making
structures in Swiss politics: A
combination of SNA and QCA
Manuel Fischer
Relational chains and multilevel
networks from narrative data
Michel Grossetti
Entrepreneurial Networks
Exponential Random Graphs
Using A Mixed Methods Design to
Examine School Policing
Networks and Community
Collaboration
Ellyn Marie Dickmann, Andrew
N Briers
The icing on the cake – mixing
methods to extract meaning from
online message board postings
C Moser, P Groenewegen, M
Huysman
The Network Dynamics of
Entrepreneurial Starts-up: Two
Cohorts Compared
Chenjian Zhang
Inter-organizational Networks
II
Network transparency and the
performance of business
networks: Experimental evidence
Sarita Koendjbiharie
The role of homophily in
explaining interorganizational
collaboration patterns among
infectious diseases INGOs.
Yannick Atouba, Michelle
Shumate
A multiplex approach to the
analysis of knowledge networks
Susanna Zaccarin, Domenico De
Stefano
CTSA Consortium Structure and
Organization: Results from a
Social Network Analysis of
Archival Data
John Skvoretz
Diagnostic tools for the analysis
of degeneracy in ERGMs
Agnieszka Stawinoga
The Impact of Network
Embeddedness on Firm Survival:
The Case of Biotechnology
Olaf N Rank
Social tie consistency and
starting a business
Boris F Blumberg
The effect on success of positive
and negative social relationships
in networks of independent selfemployed entrepreneurs
Ingrid Wakkee, Martin van der
Gaag, Mandy van Tilborg
Instability and near-degeneracy
of ERGMs
Michael Schweinberger
The Network Structure of
Collaboration for Problemsolving: A Case Study on Open
Source Software
Guido Conaldi, Alessandro Lomi
An exponential random graph
(p*) modelling framework for
affiliation networks
Wang,Peng, Garry Robins &
Philippa Pattison
Coffee break
Page 39
Friday, July 2, 15:50-17:30 (1/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Networks II
Social Network Analysis
in the German
Cooperative Banking
Group
Anna Poser
Innovation and Diffusion I
and Markets III
Assessing the Investment
Strategies of Venture
Capitals in Silicon Valley
by analyzing coinvesting network
Naoki Shibata, Kiminori
Gemba, Ichiro Sakata
Interlocking
Directorates II
The State is back, but for
how long? CorporateState interlocks in the
Netherlands 1969-2006
Eelke M Heemskerk,
Meindert Fennema,
Robert Mokken
16:10-16:30
What happened? How to
compare intraorganizational networks
over time
Lukas Zenk, Florian
Windhager
Influence of social networks on
uptake of a feedback quality
improvement intervention in long
term care settings: Preliminary
findings
Anne E Sales, Carole A Estabrooks,
Thomas W Valente
Investigating Brokerage
in the IP Market
Mario F. Benassi, Guido
Geenen
Social Networks and
Health I
Using Network Data to
Evaluate Program
Success in a Systems-ofCare Initiative for Babies
and Young Children With
Special Health Care
Needs
Danielle M Varda, Ayelet
Talmi
Emotional Support and
Information Networks in
a Mental Health Clientbased Advocacy
Organization
Dahlia Fuentes, Bettie
Reinhardt
16:30-16:50
Affect-seeking and
competence-seeking in
task-related ties: Gender
differences and
performance effects
Tiziana Casciaro
Personal networks and practices of
Ethiopian farmers
Petr Matous, Yasuyuki Todo, Dagne
Mojo Yadate
Family Social Capital in
the Life of a Firm: A
Comparison between the
Old
and New Economy
Fortunata Piselli
15:50-16:10
Is dolphin sponging a culture? A
Social Network Approach
Janet Mann, Eric M. Patterson, Elisa
J. Bienenstock, Brooke L. Sargeant,
Maggie A. Stanton, Ewa B.
Krzyszczyk, Quincy A. Gibson, YiJiun Tsai, Lisa O. Singh
The role of director
capital in the corporate
community: A bipartite
exponential random
graph model of
corporate interlocks
Nicholas Harrigan,
Matthew Bond
After the Crash: The
Effects of the 2008-09
Financial Crisis on UK
Director Interlocks
Bruce Cronin
Page 40
16:50-17:10
17:10-17:30
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Networks II
The co-evolution of
instrumental and
affective content in
intraorganizational
task-related networks
Tiziana Casciaro, Miguel
Sousa Lobo
Interventions in
networks: lateral
coordination and
performance of
knowledge sharing
networks
Rick Aalbers, Wilfred
Dolfsma, Otto Koppius,
Roger Leenders
Innovation and Diffusion I
and Markets III
Timing Innovation: The
Impact of Professional
Social Networks in the
Watchmaking Industry
Frederic Godart, Kim
Claes
Social Networks and
Health I
Functional specificity in
discussion networks: The
influence of problemspecific networks on
health outcomes
Brea L Perry, Bernice A
Pescosolido
The Global Diffusion of
Tobacco Control
Heather Wipfli, Kayo
Fujimoto, Thomas W
Valente
Interlocking
Directorates II
The Transformation of
the German Company
System 1996-2008
Lothar Krempel
Global Innovativeness and
Correlates to Communication
Technology Networks
Philip J Salem, Alejandra Achurra,
Kevin Kline, Stephanie Pridgen
The variation of searching networks
on patent inventions: the
comparison of patent citations and
inventors’ networks in two
semiconductor firms in Taiwan
Ray-May Hsung, Yi-Ren Guan, KeWei Lu
A Study of Using Online
Users Interaction
Structure to Predict
Movie Box Office
Performance
Jyun-cheng Wang
Incidence or Intention?
The Stability of the
German Corporate
Network during the
Crisis of the 1930th
Karoline Krenn,
Christian Marx
Page 41
15:50-16:10
16:10-16:30
16:30-16:50
16:50-17:10
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks II
Evolving hypergraphs to
appraise academic team
formation processes
Carla Taramasco, JeanPhilippe Cointet, Camille Roth
Using SNA to evaluate and
monitor a large
interdisciplinary Network of
Excellence within the field of
Technology Enhanced
Learning
Nina Heinze, Barbara
Kieslinger
Network analysis of cooperation between research
institutions. Example of
ESPON Programme.
Adam Ploszaj, Katarzyna
Wojnar
The Morphology of
Contemporary Sociological
Discourse: a Network Analysis
of Bibliographical Couplings
Attila Varga
Personal (Egocentric) Networks II
Network Theory II
The spatial spread of connected egocentric
structures: Experiences from a snowball
survey
Matthias Kowald, Kay W. Axhausen
A Golden Wedding and a
Funeral: Interconnection of
Events in Two-mode Networks
Christian Stegbauer,
Alexandre Rausch
The Problem of Emergence
John F Padgett, Walter W
Powell
Collective Action and Social
Movements II
The duality of organizations
and events
Mario Diani
Spillover, competition, or compensation?
Interdependencies between workplace
relationships and kin and friendship
networks outside the workplace
Martin Diewald, Sebastian Boehm
Poverty and Sociability in Brazilian
Metropolises: Comparing Personal
Networks of Poor People in São Paulo and
Salvador
Renata Mirandola Bichir, Eduardo Cesar
Marques
Using Social Networks To Break The
Bystander Effect
Andreas C Sonnenbichler, Andreas GeyerSchulz, Michael Ovelgönne
The coevolution of an INGO
collaboration network with
external relations
Michelle Shumate, Yannick
Atouba
Social network research
results and their sociological
implications
Deirdre M Kirke
Culture, Structure and
Networks in the Israeli Peace
Camp
Yulia Zemlinskaya
The utility of ties: A
reconceptualization and
computational exploration of
social network tie measures
Devan Rosen, Kar-Hai Chu
Social Network
Reorganization PostDisturbance: A New Orleans
Case Study
Joshua AlanLewis, Brittany
Marie Bernik
Page 42
17:10-17:30
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks II
The role of ties in initiating
collaborative research
Barry Wellman, Dimitrina
Dimitrova, Anatoliy Gruzd,
Diana Mok, Zack Hyatt, Mo
Guangying
Personal (Egocentric) Networks II
Network Theory II
With(out) a Little Help from my Siblings: A
Cross-National Investigation of the
Relationship between Sibsize and Personal
Networks
Neha Gondal
A Network Theory of Life, the
Universe and Everything: A
Progress Report
Stephen P. Borgatti
Collective Action and Social
Movements II
The segregation of civic
networks: racial and gender
differences in the voluntary
association networks
Yanlong Zhang, Nan Lin
Friday, July 2, 17:40 – 19:00 (1/5)
17:40-18:00
100/A
Collaboration &
Coordination I
100/B
Twitter Networks II
Informal Structures of
Communication in Free
Software Communities
Dominika Czerniawska
Community Core Detection in
Twitter - a “Bottom Up” Heuristic
Gernot Tscherteu, Christian
Langreiter
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Saúde
Grado de prestigio, redes
sociales y percepción del
rendimiento: un estudio
en las organizaciones
sanitarias españolas
Pilar Marques, María F.
Muñoz
Collecting Network
Data
C-IKNOW
The Game of Contacts:
Estimating The Visibility
of Social Groups
Matthew J. Salganik,
Maeve B. Mello,
Alexandre H. Abdo,
Neilane Bertoni,
Francisco I. Bastos
Introduction to Network
Data Collection, Analysis,
and Visualization via CIKNOW
Noshir Contractor,
Larkin Brown, Meikuan
Hang, Zack Johnson and
Nicole Scholtz
(runs 17:40-19:00)
Page 43
Friday, July 2, 17:40 – 19:00 (continued - 2/5)
100/A
Collaboration &
Coordination I
18:00-18:20
18:20-18:40
100/B
Twitter Networks II
Discovering new roles of journalists
using social network analysis and
twitter
Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva,
Miriam Meckel, Jana Eberman,
Thomas Plotkowiak, Matthes Fleck
Collective Action in
Virtual Organizations:
Networks of
Collaboration in an
Online Scientific
Community
Nina F. O'Brien, Lauren
B. Frank, Jessica J Gould,
Courtney M. Schultz,
Matthew S. Weber,
Peter R. Monge
Geography of Twitter Networks
Yuri Takhteyev, Anatoliy Gruzd,
Barry Wellman
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Saúde
Grupos de discusión
sobre la maternidad y
difusión de nuevas
prácticas de crianza
Jaime Jimenez-Pernett,
Marie-Pierre Bes, JoseFrancisco GarciaGutierrez
Social network and
promotion of quality of
care for children with
diabetes type I
Carlos Alberto Da Silva,
Mafalda Fortuna, Raquel
Costa, Joaquim Manuel
Fialho, José Manuel
Saragoça
Collecting Network
Data
C-IKNOW
A multiple imputation
procedure for dealing
with non-response based
on reciprocity: principles
and simulations
Filip Agneessens, Mark
Huisman
Assessing RespondentDriven Sampling in the
estimation of STDs
prevalence in
populations structured
in complex networks
Elizabeth Maciel de
Albuquerque, Cláudia
Torres Codeço,
Francisco Inácio Bastos
Page 44
Friday, July 2, 17:40 – 19:00 (continued - 3/5)
18:40-19:00
100/A
Collaboration &
Coordination I
100/B
Twitter Networks II
Social Dynamics of
Interdisciplinary
Research: Implications
for Organizations
Sebastian Ulbrich,
Andrea Knecht,
Christoph Clases
Diffusion of Political Rumors from
Niche to Mainstream Audiences
Andrei Boutyline
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Saúde
Sobre Trajetórias de
sociabilidades de
portadores de transtorno
mental: estudo empirico
com usuários CAPS do
Ceará, Pernambuco e Rio
Grande do Sul
Breno Fontes
Collecting Network
Data
C-IKNOW
Snapshot or movie: How
sampling methods bias
dolphin social network
metrics
Margaret Stanton, Janet
Mann, Elisa Jayne
Bienenstock, Quincy
Anne Gibson, Brooke L
Sargeant, Lars Bejder,
Lisa O. Singh
Friday, July 2, 17:40 – 19:00 (continued – 4/5)
17:40-18:00
18:00-18:20
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks III
How publications maintain
social and scientific relations.
An analysis of scientific
citations in chemistry
Béatrice Milard
Networks and Natural Resource
Management II
Integrated Network Analysis in
Social-Ecological Studies –
Methodological Approaches
Henrik Ernstson, Jeff Ranara
Semantic Network Analysis
Analysis of exchange networks
of the Copenhagen Climate
Conference
Frans N. Stokman, Jacob
Dijkstra, Reinier Van Oosten
Integration for the better? Local
networks and natural resources
management in Swiss mountain
regions
Christian Hirschi, Karin Ingold
Social Networks and Life Course
Transitions II
Family Trajectories and Social
Networks: the life course in an
intergenerational perspective
Rita Gouveia, Karin Wall, Sofia
Aboim, Vanessa Cunha, Cátia Nunes,
Vasco Ramos
The Development of Trust in Intact
and Stepfamilies: A social Network
Perspective
Eric Widmer, Ivan de Carlo
Evolving issue positions,
emerging conflicts: a
longitudinal model of political
campaign dynamics
Jan Kleinnijenhuis
Page 45
Friday, July 2, 17:40 – 19:00 (continued – 5/5)
18:20-18:40
18:40-19:00
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks III
Using subfields to study social
structures of modern scientific
fields: The case of
nanotechnology
Stasa Milojevic
Networks and Natural Resource
Management II
Power asymmetries in small-scale
fisheries– a barrier to governance
transformability?
Beatrice I Crona, Örjan Bodin
Social Networks and Life Course
Transitions II
Pathways to Adulthood:
Opportunities and Challenges for
Harlan County Youth Employment
Success
Jessica N Kropczynski, Patricia H Dyk
Semantic Network Analysis
An Empirical Analysis on
Social Capital and
Enterprise2.0 Participation in
a Research Institute
Michela Ferron, Marco
Frassoni, Paolo Massa,
Maurizio Napolitano, Davide
Setti
Social structures and land
management views
Christina Prell, Klaus Hubacek,
Mark Reed
Reexamination of Social Networks on
Job Changes: the Case of Japanese
Labor Market
Yusuke Inagaki, Yusuke Hayashi
21:00-24:00
Picking the winner using
semantic network analysis:
Evidence form an academic
electoral contest
Vitaliano Andrea Barberio,
Alessandro Lomi
Tracking the evolution of
organizational forms with
egocentric semantic network
analysis
Bettina M. R. Heiss
Page 46
Saturday, July 3, 8:30-10:10 (1/4)
100/A
8:30-8:50
8:50-9:10
9:10-9:30
Studies IV
Does Context Matter in The
Social Networks of LowIncome Women
Silvia Dominguez, Tenille
Allen
Transnational Remigration
Processes – Personal
Networks as a source of
social support for highly
skilled Ghanaian migrants
returning from Germany
Claudia Olivier
Information seeking and
instrumental support via
informal mediaries using
public access computing:
Results from a U.S.
nationwide, mixed method
study
Karen E Fisher, Michael D
Crandall, Samantha Becker
100/B
Social Capital II
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Organizations and
Networks
The Invisible Hand of Social
Capital in the Meritocracy
Vincent Chua
Discovering the Network
Structures that Support
Massive Distributed
Collaboration in
Wikipedia
Lev Muchnik, Sinan Aral
Online Social
Networks III
The structure of business
social network sites: the
case of Milan IN
Ivana Pais, Riccardo De
Vita, Roberto Marmo
Social Network Analysis
of various kinds of
Networks on Twitter
Takeshi Sakaki, Yutaka
Matsuo
Online Associations and Civic
Engagement: Can the Internet
Build Social Capital?
Jennifer Kayahara
Advice Networks and
Implementation of
Evidence-Based
Practices in Public
Youth-Serving Systems
Lawrence A. Palinkas,
Dahlia Fuentes, Ian W.
Holloway, Qiaobing Wu,
Patricia Chamberlain
Natural Born
Networkers: Social
Control and Children’s
Mobile Phone Use
Mito Akiyoshi
Centralisation and
Density in Covert Social
Movement Networks: the
UK Suffragettes and the
Provisional IRA
Nick Crossley
Page 47
Saturday, July 3, 8:30-10:10 (continued – 2/4))
100/A
9:30-9:50
9:50-10:10
Studies IV
Problem solving, advice
networks and human
capital: A study of dairy
farmers in Norway
Arent Greve, Bjørn G
Hansen
Fertility relevant social
networks. A mixed-methods
study on personal relations
and the transition to
parenthood.
Sylvia Keim
100/B
Social Capital II
Value Creation through Social
Networks in Knowledge
Intensive Business
Hanna Lehtimaki, Katja
Karintaus
How Many Neighbours do I
Know? Bridging Social Capital
and Neighbourhood
Community
Romana Xerez, Jaime Fonseca
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Organizations and
Networks
network studies: A
systematic literature
review of methodology
Carsten Bergenholtz,
Online Social
Networks III
Are Facebook friends
real friends? The role
Facebook friends play in
people’s social support
networks
Andraz Petrovcic, Vasja
Vehovar, Gregor Petric
Sustainability in
Functionally
Collaborative Virtual
Networks and
Organizations
Naim Kapucu, Vener
Garayev
Analyzing Patterns of
Entrepreneurs’ Online
Social Network: a
Longitudinal Study with
Linkedin
Yang Song, Tsvi Vinig
Indirect interorganizational networks
and networks of interorganizational
collaboration in the 5th
European Social Forum
in Malmö 2008
Magnus Wennerhag,
Moses A. Boudourides,
Rickard Andersson, Iosif
Botetzagias
Using political posters to
analyze social movement
networks
Sebastian Haunss
Page 48
Saturday, July 3, 8:30-10:10 (continued – 3/4)
1000/B
Words and Networks
I
Belvedere
Viszards
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Social Networks and
Health II
Ethnicity and
Networks I
International
Networks
8:30-8:50
Analyzing Political Networks
using Newswire Services as
Data
Christian Hirschi
Music networks
Vladimir Batagelj, Katy Borner,
Ulrik Brandes, Seok-Hee Hong,
Jeffrey C. Johnson, Lothar
Krempel
(runs until 10:10)
Networks and ethnicity:
comparison of the
network characteristics
of Hungarians and the
Roma population
Fruzsina Albert, Beata
David
An Examination of the
Global Hyperlink
Network: Adjustment
through Cracking .COM
George A Barnett, Chung
Joo Chung, Han Woo
Park
8:50-9:10
Social Network Analysis of
Political Campain Coverage
Wouter van Atteveldt,
Christine Moser
Primary Care
Integration: the Case of
Advice Networks among
Pediatricians
Franco Fontana,
Americo Cicchetti, Maria
Pia Fantini, Roberto
Dandi, Daniele Mascia,
Tiziano Dall'Osso
An Invisible Hand: Social
Capital and Health
Information Search
Lijun Song, Tian-Yun
Chang
Measuring the
Transformation of World
Trade Patterns
Lucio Biggiero, Mario
Basevi
9:10-9:30
2007-2008 – The end of
bush: link analysis of world
media headlines
Karl M. van Meter
How Social Capital Is
Created during Current
Job: Work Conditions
and Interpersonal
Contacts
Yang-chih Fu, Ray-may
Hsung, Si-yin Lee
Social Capital and
Violence in the
Philippines
Philip Murphy, Nancy
Roberts
Social networks and
health literacy
Hsieh-Hua Yang, MingYi Chang, Hung-Jen Yang
Economic Networks and
Regional Instability
Iain James Cruickshank,
Dan Evans
Page 49
Saturday, July 3, 8:30-10:10 (continued- 4/4)
1000/B
Words and Networks
I
9:30-9:50
Semiosis and the
Communication of Meaning
in Social Networks
Loet Leydesdorff
9:50-10:10
Ecological Dynamics of
Discourse in Scientific
Communities
Drew B Margolin
10:10-10:30
Belvedere
Viszards
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Social Networks and
Health II
Ethnicity and
Networks I
International
Networks
How a Non-Contagious
Disease Becomes an
“Epidemic”: An AgentBased Model of the
Evolution of Autism
Clusters in Metropolitan
Los Angeles
Christine Fountain, KaYuet Liu, Peter S.
Bearman
Network Centrality and
PTSD
Justin Turner, Michael
Matthews, Joe Geraci,
Ian McCulloh
Network Segregation,
Homophily, or Social
Closure? Explaining
Race/Gender Inequality
in Job Leads and Job
Finding Assistance
Steve McDonald
A Dynamic View of the
International Treaty
Network (1900-2000)
Michael James
Bommarito, Paul D
Poast, Daniel Martin
Katz, Donn Diego
Gladish
Internal mobility in
Italy: a network analysis
Cinzia Conti, Antonella
Guarneri, Enrico Tucci
China and India in the
international
fragmentation of the
global auto industry
Alessia A. Amighini,
Sara Gorgoni
Coffee break
Page 50
Saturday, July 3, 10:30-12:10 (1/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Networks III
Innovation and Diffusion II
Social Networks and
Health III
Online Social
Networks IV
10:30-10:50
The impact of structural
holes and strong ties on
influence, career success and
job satisfaction in a Swiss
service firm
Nicoline Scheidegger
An agent-based model of
competitive diffusion: network
structure and coexistence
Giovanni Pegoretti, Francesco
Rentocchini, Giuseppe Vittucci
Marzetti
The Social Contagion in
Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder
Tish Torgerson, Kate
Coronges, Ian McCulloh,
Joe Geraci
Link Classification on a
Large Social Networking
Data in Japan
Junki Marui, Mikio Kato,
Yutaka Matsuo, Yuki
Yasuda
10:50-11:10
Using Formal Structure to
Discover Informal Structure:
Fraternal Lodges in the
Industrializing U.S. Midwest,
1880-1930
Pamela A. Popielarz
How to Immunize a Network:
The Case of Spread of Highly
Resistant Hospital Acquired
Infections Via Critical Care
Transfers
Theodore J Iwashyna, Umanka
H Karkada, Lada A Adamic,
Jeremy M Kahn
Emotional Support and
Tie Strength:
Mechanisms through
which Adolescent
Friendship Networks
Influence Smoking
Cynthia Marie Lakon
11:10-11:30
Merging social networks :
Evolution of cooperation
between organizational
members in a corporate
merger
Nicola Mirc
Analysis of
Communications and
Decision-making
Networks in North
American Quitlines
Scott J Leischow, Keith
Provan, Jonathan E.
Beagles, Jessie Saul,
Gregg Moor
Stampa/B
Philosophy of
Networks II
FOSS Communities as
Socio-Technical
Networks: A hybrid
approach
Susan Bastani, Mahin
Raissi, Mahmoud
Sadeghi
The Calculated
Community: A Critique
on the Neoliberal Ethics
of ‘Social Media’
Ingrid Maria Hoofd
Ethics and Social
networks: Practical
insights from mixed
methods case study
research
Barbara Joyce King,
Mark Stephen Paine,
Ruth Irene Beilin
Page 51
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Networks III
Innovation and Diffusion II
Social Networks and
Health III
Online Social
Networks IV
11:30-11:50
Knowledge sharing in nonknowledge intensive
organizations: when social
networks do not matter
Otto Koppius, Rick Aalbers
Engineering Contagion:
Identifying Optimal Seeding
Strategies in Social Networks
Sinan Aral, Lev Muchnik, Arun
Sundararajan
Understanding the
Impact of Opinion
Leaders on the Behaviors
of Homeless Youth:
Findings from Project
CONNECT
Harold D. Green, Joan S.
Tucker, Suzanne L.
Wenzel, Brett Munjas
Exploring the structure
of FOSS communities: Do
local communities differ
from global one?
Susan Bastani, Mahin
Raissi
11:50-12:10
Analysis of Fide network of
chess players
Kristijan Breznik, Vladimir
Batagelj
Network Evaluation of
Attitudes towards Gays in the
Military in Preparation for the
Repeal of Don’t Ask Don’t Tell
Katherine A Miller, Kate
Coronges
Stampa/B
Philosophy of
Networks II
Ethical ties and networkbased ethics in banking:
the case of Cooperatives
in the Greek periphery
Theodoros Katerinakis
News Memes in Network
Space
John Kelly
Page 52
Saturday, July 3, 10:30-12:10 (continued - 3/4)
1000/B
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks IV
Building interdisciplinary
collaboration networks from a
social citation analysis tool
Diep Thi Hoang, Filippo
Menczer
Qualitative Network
Studies I
Changing Networks over
time
Janet Salaff
I
Two faces of taste:
Duality of culture and
social structure, and
their mutual articulation
James G. Ennis
Interlocking
Directorates III
From Structural to
Brokerage Based
Hegemony: U.S.
Corporations in a
Changing Global
Context, 1996 and 2006
Roy C Barnes, William K
Carroll
Discourse Networks and
Environmental News:
The Promise of Network
Analysis within
Qualitative Research.
Mark CJ Stoddart,
Howard Ramos, David B
Tindall
ICT: connecting and
managing contacts
Johann Chaulet
Finding Valuable
Information Flows in
Networks
Ching-Yung Lin, Zhen
Wen, Lynn Wu
10:3010:50
The Spread of HIV/AIDS
Research: Topic Structures in
AIDS and JAIDS, 1988-2008
Ryan Light, Jimi Adams
10:5011:10
Learning Influence
Propagation on Personal
Blogs
Il-Chul Moon, Dongwoo Kim,
Yohan Jo, Alice H Oh
The analysis of scientific
network of Italian statisticians
combining complementary
data sources
Domenico De Stefano, Maria
Prosperina Vitale, Susanna
Zaccarin,
11:1011:30
Generating Social Networks
from Meeting Transcripts
using Bayesian Topic Models
David Andre Broniatowski
Interdisciplinarity revisited: A
comparison of co-authorship
networks within two european
universities
Uwe Obermeier, Jef Vlegels
Evolution of creation
field
Josep C. Bosch
Elitist and Pluralist
Interlocking Networks
across the World
Julian Cardenas
Page 53
11:3011:50
11:5012:10
1000/B
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks IV
Ethics
Keely Eyre, Ben Johnson, Ian
McCulloh
Qualitative Network
Studies I
Innovation Workgroup
Network Dynamics:
Rewiring, Gatekeepers
and Complementarity
Chris Coleridge
I
Motivation changes of
social networks
embeddedness in the
context of planned and
transition Russian
economy
Irina Borovskaya,
Natalia Trifonova
Interlocking
Directorates III
Interlocks of Elite and
Managerial Networks in
the Global Energy
Market
Nanà de Graaff
Losers: how not to win in a
global interconnected world
Fabio Nonino, Matteo Vignoli
Problems and challenges
faced by researchers in a
qualitative study of a
community of practice in
Hong Kong
Olivia Ip, Shek Kam Tse
Buried Ties - Network
Analysis in Archaeology
Gabriel Seidl da Fonseca
Computational integration of
network theory and topic
modeling for investigating the
relationship between sociotechnical networks, funding,
and innovation in the
European Union
Jana Diesner, Kathleen M.
Carley
Text- and Network-Based
Modeling of Political Bloggers
Wojciech Gryc, Karo
Moilanen
12:10-13:30
Lunch break
12:10-13:30
Business meeting, Sala 1000/B
Page 54
Saturday, July 3, 13:30-15:30 (1/4)
13:30-13:50
13:50-14:10
14:10-14:30
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Community
Dynamic Networks I
Gender and social
networks
Network Model-Assisted
Prevalence Estimation from
Respondent-Driven Sampling
Data
Krista J. Gile, Mark S.
Handcock
Some link-tracing sampling
strategies
Steve Thompson
City mouse/country mouse –
how public libraries contribute
to social capital in urban and
rural communities in North
America
Catherine A Johnson
Applying P* to 32 Real World
Social Networks to Better
Understand the Determinants
of a Connection Social Choice:
Applying P* to 32 Real World
Social Networks to Better
Understand the Determinants
of a Connection
Derek K Stafford, Douglas A
Hughes
Discovering scientific
communities using conference
network
Alejandro Mussi, Aliaksandr
Birukou, Fabio Casati, Luca
Cernuzzi
Sesión
Iberoamericana:
Miscelânea
Convergencia lingüística
y redes sociales.
Natxo Sorolla Vidal
Conditional estimation of
exponential random graph
models from snowball
samples
Philippa E. Pattison, Garry L.
Robins, Tom A. B. Snijders,
Peng Wang
Social network analysis
of preschool children
association patterns
João R Daniel, António J
Santos, Inês Peceguina
Dynamics of Teachers’
Mathematics Networks
and Mathematics
Instruction
Chong Min Kim,
Kenneth A. Frank
Structures of
collaboration in
Slovenian science
systems
Luka Kronegger, Patric
Doreian, Anuška Ferligoj
Análise de Redes Sociais
na Internet
Ines Albuquerque
Amaral, Helena Sousa
Concurrence on the
Nature of Dyadic Ties:
Comparing Spouses'
Reports on Career
Hierarchy
Joy E Pixley
Gender in Discussion
Relations
Matthew E Brashears
Page 55
Saturday, July 3, 13:30-15:30 (continued – 2/4))
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Community
Dynamic Networks I
Gender and social
networks
14:30-14:50
Estimating Hidden
Population Size using
Respondent-Driven Sampling
Data
Mark S Handcock, Krista J
Gile, Corinne M Mar,
Instrumental and Expressive
Networks in Different Types of
Communities
Ioana Alexandra Mihai
Sesión 3
Iberoamericana:
Miscelânea
A análise de redes sociais
em língua portuguesa
Marta Varanda, Raquel
Rego, Breno Fontes
Extended Structures of
Mediation: Re-examining
Brokerage in Dynamic
Networks
Emma S Spiro, Ryan M
Acton, Carter T Butts
14:50-15:10
Reconstitution and analysis
of multi-level networks in an
emergent market
Julien Brailly
Dynamics of multilevel
networks in market
organization: the case of a
trade show
Emmanuel Lazega, Julien
Brailly, Josiane Chatellet,
Guillaume Favre, Marie
Jourda
Evolución del concepto
de redes sociales a partir
de la utilización de las
redes de sentido
Gabriel Vélez-Cuartas
An examination of tacit
knowledge networks in a
Colombian construction
project: communities of
practice and project
culture
Monica Fernanda
Gomez-Soto, Stephen
Pryke
Measuring change in
event dynamics
Christoph Stadtfeld
15:10-15:30
Networks Building a Lay
Buddhist Community
Liliana Arroyo Moliner, José A.
Rodríguez Díaz, Anna Ramon
Aribau
Social Networks and Happiness
Anna Ramon, Josep A
Rodriguez, Liliana Arroyo
Bridging the gender
divide: an experimental
analysis of group
formation in African
villages
Abigail Barr, Marleen
Dekker, Marcel
Fafchamps
Polygons of Love in
Closed Communities
Karoly Takacs, Laszlo
Lorincz, Andras Voros
Panel- vs. Event-Based
Network Analysis
Bobo Nick, Ulrik
Brandes, Natalie
Indlekofer, Juergen
Lerner, Martin Mader
Transnational Feminist
Advocacy Networks:
Assessing Power
Relations Among
Network Partners
Leticia Anabel Paulos
Page 56
13:3013:50
13:5014:10
14:1014:30
1000/B
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks III
Proximity and the evolution of
collaboration networks :
Evidences from R&D projects
within the GNSS industry
Pierre-Alexandre Balland
Relational and structural
antecedents of multipoint
competition
Francesca Pallotti, Daniele
Mascia, Alessandro Lomi,
Americo Cicchetti
Examining Multiplexity in a
Research Organization
Jonathon E. Mote, Jerald Hage
Leadership Networks
Simulation
Social Influence I
Motivation and
Embeddedness of Wikipedia
Editors
Keiichi Nemoto, Peter Gloor,
Robert Laubacher
Predicting Oscars Through
Semantic Web Mining
Jonas Krauss, Stefan Nann,
Hauke Fuehres, Peter Gloor
Predicting Asset Value
Performance through Web
Trend Analysis
Apurv Jain, Peter A Gloor,
Hauke Fuehres, Stefan Nann,
Jonas Krauss, Xue Zhang
Vicarious reputation and
the evolution of stable
co-operation networks
Mark Stanford
Active Surveying for
Leadership Identification
Myra Norton, Lise
Getoor, Hossam Sharara
A Company
Commander’s
Networked Expertise in
the Finnish Defence
Forces – What Could It
Be?
Juha Ilari Tuominen
Simulations of
hierarchies and regional
effects In worldwide air
traffic networks
Daniele Ietri, Céline
Rozenblat
Modeling Message
Traction in Social
Networks
Steven R Corman, Scott
Ruston, Kirk Errickson,
Chase Clow
When influence flows in:
Self-report biases and
constructing the
influence network.
Brian Rubineau, David
Lazer
Models and Methods to
Identify Peer Effects: A
Critical Review
Weihua An
Page 57
1000/B
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Networks III
Reputational evaluations
within inter-organizational
networks
Lucio Biggiero, Mario Basevi
Leadership Networks
Simulation
Social Influence I
The Election Game: The
Intersection between
Social Networks and
Electoral Choice in a
Rural Laboratory
Derek K Stafford,
Douglas A Hughes
Walk this Way:
Explaining Leadership
and Influence in a Real
World Network.1
Douglas Hughes
A history-dependent
algorithm for social
structure and patterns of
social interactions
Kun-Lin Kuo
Belief Propagation
through Social Web
Media
Il-Chul Moon, Kathleen
M Carley, Aice H Oh
Change detection in
social networks
Ian McCulloh, Joshua
Lospinoso
Socializing at the Gym:
Contagious Commitment
and Network Dynamics
Massimo Riccaboni,
Anna Romiti, Gianna
Giudicati
Lunch and Brands: The
connection between
group and brand choices
Alexandre Rausch,
Christian Stegbauer
14:3014:50
Studying online conversations
in the Korean blogosphere: A
network approach
Anatoliy Gruzd, Chung Joo
Chung, Han Woo PARK
14:5015:10
Quorum Analytics: MachineAssisted Collaborative
Capture of Qualitative Social
Network Data
Maksim Tsvetovat, Daniel
Maxwell
Combining Network Science
and Textual Content Analysis
to Understand Information
and Knowledge Networks
Sinan Aral
15:1015:30
15:30-15:50
Structural correlates of the
auto and banking industry
collapses in the united states
Mary C Still
Learning within Multi-partner
Alliances: The Influence of
Coalitions, Competition, and
Power
Ralph A Heidl, Kevin H
Steensma, Corey Phelps
Leadership in networks:
In search of exceptional
agency
Dimitrios C
Christopoulos
Coffee break
Page 58
Saturday, July 3, 15:50-17:30 (1/4)
15:50-16:10
16:10-16:30
16:30-16:50
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Individual Differences
and Social Networks
Person-Organization Fit
and Social Network
Centrality
Christian J. Resick,
Jonathan Ziegert, Dali
Ma, Paul Green
II
Aesthetic networks:
Meaning structures and
peer evaluations in rap
music
Jennifer C Lena, Mark
Pachucki
Social Movements IV
The Concept of Social
Movement Revisited: An
Empirical Investigation.
David B Tindall, Joanna
L Robinson, Mario Diani
Personality traits in the
formation of positive and
negative networks
Zsófia Boda, András
Vörös, Zoltán László
Csaba
Exploring the role of
early decision makers
and externalities in online bulletin boards
Shu-Li Cheng, Weichung Liu
Structure and evolution of mood
contagion in the Twitter social
network
Huina Mao, Alberto Pepe, Johan
Bollen
Networks III
Peer Socialization &
Relational Aggression
Among Middle School
Students
Dorothy L Espelage,
Sabina Low, Josh
Polanin
A Longitudinal Network
Analysis of Depression
Influence Processes in
Adolescent Friendships
David R. Schaefer, Olga
Kornienko
From the village to the
high school. Languages,
resocialization and
social nets in secondary
education in the eastern
part of Aragon
Natxo Sorolla Vidal
Augmenting Microblog Search with
Social Authority Ranking
Rinkesh Nagmoti, Ankur Teredesai,
Martine DeCock
Consumer Processing of Marketers’
Responses on Micro-blogging
Platforms
James R. Coyle, Ted Smith, David
Sideways Silver, Glenn Platt
Celebrities as Category
and Group: An Empirical
Network Analysis of an
Elite Population
Elizabeth Currid, Gilad
Ravid
Predicting Cognitive
Network Similarities
among rappers in Sao
Paulo
Charles Kirschbaum
Lost letters in the
netherlands. Collective
efficacy and its relation
to prosocial action
Beate Volker, Henk Flap,
Gerald Mollenhorst,
Wouter Steenbeek,
Veronique Chutjens
Page 59
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Individual Differences
and Social Networks
Networks III
Social Identification and
Group Solidarity: Does
“Subgroup Membership”
Matter in Adolescents’
Educational
Expectation?
I-Chien Chen, Yeu-Sheng
Hsieh
Do network
opportunities make a
difference in friendship
formation?
Yi-Hsuan Chiang, ChenChao Tao
Networks and Culture II
Social Movements IV
Networks of migrant
organizations and
protest activities in 5
European cities
Katia Pilati, Nina Eggert
16:50-17:10
17:10-17:30
A Longitudinal Social Network
Analysis of German Politicians'
Twitter Accounts
Thomas Plotkowiak, Jana
Ebermann, Katrina StanoevskaSlabeva
A multi-level study of
interpersonal knowledge
sharing: The implication
of individual experience
and strength of dyadic
ties
Xiumei Zhu
Attention Networks among
Members of Congress
Ines Mergel, Jana Diesner, Kathleen
M. Carley
Differences in National
Entitativity and Cohesion
(Exploring CrossCultural Differences)
Stephen Lieberman,
Sean Everton, Jonathan
Alt
Labrador Inuit Social
Networks and Social
Problems
Kirk Dombrowski, Bilal
Khan, Joshua Moses
Towards a longitudinal
evaluation of policy
networks and social
movement outcome:
social resistance to
water privatisation in
Cochabamba, Bolivia
Emanuele Lobina,
Vladimir Popov, Travis
Driessen, Philipp
Terhorst
Page 60
15:5016:10
16:1016:30
16:3016:50
1000/B
Belvedere
Social Capital III
Presidenza
Visualization
Network centrality and
similarity of discourse: a
sociosemantic approach
to leadership
Saint-Charles Johanne,
Mongeau Pierre, Perrault
Marie-Claude
Using graphs as a
diagnostic tool
Claudia Meindl,
Alexandre Rausch
Who is alone? causes and
consequences of small networks
Henk Flap, Beate Volker
Faster Pathfinder
algorithm for sparse
networks
Vladimir Batagelj,
A.Vavpeti
Linked chains among alumni in an
Engineering School : the use of
address book
Marie-Pierre Bès
Expression of sentiment
by different node positions
in email networks
Ken Riopelle, James A
Danowski, Amanda
Bishop
Social Capital of Volunteers of A
Classical Music Festival: How Is It
Related with Participation in Other
Events and Activities?
Ryuhei Tsuji, Koji Hasegawa
Visualizing networks
and territory: interactive
systems and web 2.0
technologies
Cinzia Conti, Angela
Ferruzza, Daniele
Frongia, Paola Patteri
Network Trajectories in
Space and Time
Florian Windhager,
Lukas Zenk
300/A
300/B
Ethnicity and
Networks II
The Structure of Ethnic
Relations in the
Multicultural Metropolis
Bonnie H Erickson
Science II
Relational Components
in the Formation of
Electoral Publics
Klaus Liepelt, Lothar
Krempel
Profiling Canadian
Immigrant Networks:
Comparing the Network
Structures of Immigrant
Groups and
Occupational Prestige
Maria M Majerski
Social Capital and
Indigenous
Entrepreneurs in
Toronto: Keeping the
Old, Working in the New
Rochelle R Côté
Political Brokers and
Entrepreneurs:
Distinguishing Between
Exceptional Agents
Karin Ingold, Dimitris
Christopoulos
Page 61
1000/B
Belvedere
Social Capital III
Presidenza
Visualization
16:5017:10
Identifying Educational
Innovation Trough
Semantic SNA
Dustin Larimer, Gloria
Busche, Kanupriya Goel,
Melina Becker, Peter
Gloor
The processes of social capital and
the emergence of network structure
Christina Prell, Mariam Kiran
Visual Analytics of
Dynamic Networks
Paolo Federico, Florian
Windhager, Lukas Zenk,
Michael Smuc
17:1017:30
Identifying and
integrating social roles
and structural for the case
of collaborative elearning environments
Cathleen M. Stuetzer,
Kathleen M. Carley, Jana
Diesner, Thomas Köhler,
Gerhard Thiem
Which Network Generates What
Type of Social Capital? An Enquiry
into Bridging and Bonding
Networks and their Effects based
on a Belgian Survey on Social
Cohesion
Bram Vanhoutte, Marc Hooghe
Visualizing the Fit of
Actor-Based Models
Natalie Indlekofer, Ulrik
Brandes, Juergen
Lerner, Bobo Nick
300/A
300/B
Ethnicity and
Networks II
The Role of Social
Capital in Transferring
Job Experiences in the
Home Country to a New
Country among
Immigrants: Chinese and
Asian Indians in Toronto
Eric Fong, Peter Jiao
Four Dimensions of
Social Capital in the
Interplay of Ethnicity
and Inequality: A
Network Perspective
Baiqing Zhang
Science II
Presidential Centrality,
Alternative Models of
News Sentiment Word
Networks, and Job
Approval
Noah Cepela, James A
Danowski
Network analysis of
belief systems: cognitive
heterogeneity and the
relationship between
class and religiosity in
the US.
Delia Baldassarri, Amir
Goldberg
Page 62
Saturday, July 3, 17:40 – 19:00 (1/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Qualitative Network
Studies II
Innovation and
Diffusion III
17:40-18:00
Analysis of Friendship Network
Using Attendance Records to
Lecture Classes
Hiroshi Matsushima, Shogo
Kadosaka, Shuhei Yamamoto,
Nobuhiro Inuzuka
On the big screen and on our
nightstands: Hollywood,
book publishing, and content
decisions
Bryan Greenberg, David
Ruggeri
A simple approach for
community detection in
bipartite networks
Yi Liao
Searching Versus
Solving, Network
Structure, and Collective
Problem Solving in Small
Groups
Ethan Bernstein, Allan
Friedman, David Lazer
18:00-18:20
The Dynamic Duality of
Adolescents’ Friendship
Network
Chyi-In Wu, Yu-Ting Huang
Ego-network cards as tool
for studying transmission of
local culinary and medicinal
knowledge of Tyrolean’s
who emigrated to Peru,
Australia and Brazil
Ruth Haselmair,
Heidemarie Pirker,
Elisabeth Kuhn, Christian R.
Vogl
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Redes Politicas
Participação dos atores
públicos e privados na
gestão da rede do Polo
Comercial SAARA
situado no centro da
cidade do Rio de JaneiroBrasil
Lamounier Erthal Villea,
Eduardo Gusmão da
Costa, Fatima Mendes
Carvalho
Actors Network and
Public Policy for Local eGovernment: the case of
the District of Évora
(Portugal)
José Manuel Saragoça,
Carlos Alberto da Silva,
Joaquim Manuel Fialho
Automatic Identification
of Persons for a Network
Include List Based on
Word-Network
Similarity
Rafal Radulski, James A
Danowski
Effects of Change
Adoption on Social
Networks in
Organizations
Florian Schloderer
Page 63
Saturday, July 3, 17:40 – 19:00 (continued – 2/4)
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Qualitative Network
Studies II
Innovation and
Diffusion III
18:20-18:40
The Co-evolution of Gossip and
Friendship at Work. Studying
Multiplex Social Networks
Lea Ellwardt, Christian Steglich,
Rafael Wittek
The importance of social
movements’ networks in
development
communication. Lessons
from the Zapatista
Movement in Chiapas,
Mexico
Maria Isabel Garrido
Sessão
Iberoamericana:
Redes Politicas
Impact of
Europeanization in
Policy Network
Governance Patterns
Miguel Nuno Rodrigues
18:40-19:00
The Role of West Point’s Honor
Code in Forming Friendship &
Trust Networks
Bradley Swanson, Kate
Coronges
Innovation and
entrepreneurship culture
Carlos Henryque
Pompeu Gomes,
Joaquim José Borges
Gouveia, Marcos Aurélio
Dornelas Silva
Dynamic Bag-of-Word
Construction through
Amazon Customer
Reviews
Hauke Fuehres, Jonas
Krauss, Stefan Nann,
Peter Gloor, Detlef
Schoder
Page 64
17:4018:00
1000/B
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Panel: Network Science Meets
Web Science
Analyzing Network Data II
Collaboration &
Coordination II
Elite Networks
Chair: Noshir Contractor
Panelists: Rob Ackland, Sinan
Aral, Jim Hendler, David Lazer,
Michael Macy, and Nigel
Shadbolt
(runs until 19:00)
Relational Atmosphere and
Performance in Team Sports
Fabrizio D'Ovidio
Measuring Programmer
Creativity Through
Sociometric Badges
Casper Lassenius,
Tuomas Niinimaeki,
Arttu Piri, Daniel Olguin
Olguin, Peter A Gloor
Criminals, Gangs,
Terrorists, and
Networks
Together Again: Using
Social Movement Theory
and Social Network
Analysis to Disrupt
Regional Terrorist
Networks
Sean Everton, Nancy
Roberts
Political extremists and
financial criminal
networks: exploring
relational patterns of
ideologically motivated
and profit-driven
offenders in the U.S.
Roberta Belli, Joshua D.
Freilich, William Parkin
Money Flows and
Communication Patterns
in an Illegal Drug
Distribution Network
Carlo Morselli, Chloé
Provost
18:0018:20
The "Unfriending" Problem:
The Consequences of
Friendship Attrition for
Causal Estimates of Social
Influence
Hans Noel, Brendan Nyhan
18:2018:40
The role of individuals,
geographical groups,
households and social
networks in social statistics.
Mark Tranmer, David Steel,
Ray Chambers, Robert
Clark, Mark Elliot
Network structure in
highly regulated
settings: network effects
in clinical research
Federica Brunetta
Open Elite? Social
Mobility, Marriage and
Family in Florence,
1282-1494
John F Padgett
Voluntary engagement
and personal network
structure among
community elites
Gergei M. Farkas
The marriage network of
Europe’s ruling families
from 1600-1900
Wilko Schroeter
Page 65
1000/B
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Panel: Network Science Meets
Web Science
Analyzing Network Data II
Collaboration &
Coordination II
Criminals, Gangs,
Terrorists, and
Networks
Anatomy of a Dark
Network: Network
Analysis of an Organized
Crime Network
Naim Kapucu, Fatih
Demiroz
Elite Networks
18:4019:00
21:00-24:00
Model-based Classification
for Longitudinal Network
Data
Huey-Fan Ni, Jing-Shiang
Hwang
Page 66
Sunday, July 4, 8:30-10:10 (1/4)
8:30-8:50
8:50-9:10
9:10-9:30
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Collaboration &
Coordination III
Why Don’t We Make What
We Need, or Need What We
Made? Limitations of
Collaborative Volunteer
Work
Andreea Daniela Gorbatai
How Does Network Structure
Affect Partnerships For
Promoting Physical Activity?
Evidence from Brazil and
Colombia
Marsela Dauti, Diana C
Parra, Jenine K Harris,
Lissette Reyes, Ross C
Brownson
Coordination and
Cooperation Problems in
Network Good Production
Antonie Knigge, Vincent
Buskens
Networks and Teams
Network Properties
Social Movements V
Structural Changes in
Multiteam Systems
Leslie A DeChurch, Christian J
Resick, Daniel Doty
The extremal behaviour
of centrality and
centralization indices
Philip A Sinclair
Networks IV
Embedded learning: The
process of knowledge
transfer
Helena Kovačič, Andrej
Rus
The relationship between
strong ties and structural holes
Ryuichi Nakamoto
How the efficiency of
degree based seed
groups in social diffusion
varies with commitment
constraints
Alexandre H. Abdo
The Importance of Place
in Collaborative InterOrganizational Networks
Lauren B Frank,
Amanda M Beacom,
Jonathan Nomachi, Lark
Galloway-Gilliam
The impact of Political
Opportunity Structures
on migrants’
organisational networks
Laura Morales, Manlio
Cinalli, Mario Diani,
Lorien Jasny
Multiplexity and
Predictors of
Collaboration in an
Network
Amanda M. Beacom,
Lauren B. Frank,
Jonathan Nomachi, Lark
Galloway-Gilliam
Group Structure
Formation in a Dynamic
Coordination Game
Seth Frey, Rob
Goldstone
Conflict in Team, Some Facts
and Consequences
James Huang Liang Cheng, Ti
Hsu
Page 67
Sunday, July 4, 8:30-10:10 (continued – 2/4)
9:30-9:50
9:50-10:10
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Collaboration &
Coordination III
Collaboration Networks in
Open Source Software
Development
Angela Bohn, Patrick Mair,
Kurt Hornik
Networks and Teams
Network Properties
Team performance: the role of
social networks and technology
Fabiola Bertolotti, Diego Maria
Macrì, Elisa Mattarelli, Matteo
Vignoli
Effects of Individual and
Group-Level Properties
on the Robustness of
Emergency-Phase
Communication
Networks
Sean M Fitzhugh
Turbulent times and the
fatal weakness of
organizational networks
Adam Tatarynowicz,
Maxim Sytch
Networks IV
Collaboration, culture
and search
Emily Erikson
Social Movements V
Building and
incremental erosion in
the semantic network for
the acid rain movement:
1977 to 2009
Andrew Rojecki, James
A Danowski
Understanding Distributed
Collaboration within Virtual
Worlds
Jeffrey T Hansberger, Rob
Cross
A Network View on Air
Transport –
Methodological and
Conceptual Foundations
Simon Herkenhoener,
Andreas Wald
Page 68
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Social Capital IV
Networks
A social network approach to
recruiting HIV positive drug and
sex partners
Carl A Latkin, Cui Yang, Karin E
Tobin, Amy R Knowlton
Sexual networks and STI
transmission: Merging network
structure applied in a linear
framework and dynamic network
similation
Deven T Hamilton
Network Characteristics and
Major Depressive Disorder in
Rural Appalachian Drug Users
Jennifer R Havens, Adam Jonas,
Carrie B Oser
Social Influence II
8:30-8:50
A New Approach to the Social
Capital and the Social Networks
of Austalian Families
Sheila D Watkins
8:50-9:10
Territorial pacts between
cooperation and conflict
Anna Maria Zaccaria
Do Central Players Perform
Better?
Eva Maria Eckenhofer
9:10-9:30
Social Influence in Policy
Networks: A Simulation
Stephen Bird
9:30-9:50
Structuring Implementation
Networks for Project Success
John T. Scholz, Meredith
Whiteman
Does university generate social
capital? The role of universitybased social networks in the
university-to-job transition
Cristiana Martini, Monica
Palmas, Giovanna Galli
Management Systems and the
Social Capital of Knowledge
Workers in Geographically
Dispersed Firms
Marlene A Biseda
The Social Ecology of Influence:
Traversing Physical and Social
Attitudinal Space
Mirit Devorah Shoham
Social Networks and Online
Charitable Giving
Lauren A Rhue, Arun
Sundararajan
Identifying Peer Influence in
Massive Online Social Networks:
A Platform for Randomized
Experimentation on Facebook.
Sinan Aral, Dylan Walker
Page 69
Sunday, July 4, 8:30-10:10 (continued 4/4)
Belvedere
Presidenza
300/A
300/B
Social Capital IV
Networks
The Role of “Mommies” in Sexual
Risk and Protection among
Female Sex Workers in China:
Exploratory Network Analysis of
Sex Work Structure
Huso Yi
Social Influence II
9:50-10:10
10:10-10:30
Cross Cultural Social Capital
Zeynep Aksehirli
Social Network-based Marketing:
Discovering the Relationship
Between Homophily, Word-ofMouth Recommendations,
Awareness, and Advertising on
Application Adoption and
Diffusion Using Facebook
Shawndra Hill
Coffee break
Page 70
Sunday, July 4, 10:30-12:10 (1/4)
10:30-10:50
10:50-11:10
11:10-11:30
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Analyzing Network Data III
What Buy Friendship?
Socioeconomic Determinants
of Friendship Network
Centrality
Weihua An
Perceptions of popularity in
speed-dating networks
Skyler S Place, Peter M Todd
On the use of relational data in
regression models
Maria Prosperina Vitale
Economic
Development
Networks
The resource curse, rentseeking, and eigenvector
centrality
Robert Boutilier
Assessing and Correcting Time
Heterogeneous
Parameterizations in Stochastic
Actor Based Models
Josh Lospinoso, Tom Snijders
Social and Economic
Networks in Rural
Gambia
Dany Jaimovich, Jean
Louis Arcand, Slavica
Zec
Homophily Based
Relationship Prediction in
Two Social Networks
Akshay Patil, Jie Gao, Arnout
van de Rijt
Telescopic Analysis of Complex
Networks
Massimo Marchiori, Lino
Possamai
Bioscience relationships
in developing countries:
a study of Brazil's
bioscience firms and
their innovation network
structure
Frederico Carvalho
Muzzi, Tim Kastelle
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Dynamic Networks Methods and Statistics
IV
II
Network Formation with
Limited Foresight
Dominik Morbitzer,
Vincent Buskens
Where do peer effects
come from? Evidence
from a longitudinal
study of social networks
and academic
performance
Alessandro Lomi,
Christian Steglich,
Vanina Jasmine Torlo',
Tom Snijders
Marriage Networks and
Political Power in
Poland, 1500-1795
Paul D. McLean
Classification in Network
Ensembles using Latent
Roles
Uwe Nagel, Ulrik
Brandes, Jürgen Lerner
Modeling the Dynamics
of Wikipedia
Collaboration Networks
Juergen Lerner, Ulrik
Brandes, Patrick Kenis,
Denise van Raaij
Assessing Social Support
Networks in CrossNational Comparative
Surveys: Measurement
Issues
Tina Kogovsek,
Valentina Hlebec
Page 71
100/A
100/B
Meeting
Analyzing Network Data III
Economic
Development
Networks
Rural Broadband and
Economic Networks
Alan Sloane, Seamus
O'Reilly
11:30-11:50
Using Cognitive Networks in
snow-ball sampling exploratory
research designs
Charles Kirschbaum
11:50-12:10
The Robustness of Network
Measures Under Uncertainty
Melissa D Clarkson, Karl
Dablonowski, Neil F Abernethy
Who associates with
whom in African villages:
A quasi experimental,
longitudinal study of
associational
membership in 15
villages
Abigail Barr, Marleen
Dekker, Marcel
Fafchamps
Stampa/A
Stampa/B
Dynamic Networks Methods and Statistics
IV
II
Data-Driven Models for
Dynamic Networks in
Changing Populations
Pavel N. Krivitsky, Mark
S. Handcock, Martina
Morris
How does network
dynamics affect group
ideation performance?
Mario Losito
Perceived and Received
Social Support at
Stressful Events
Valentina Hlebec, Tina
Kogovsek
Page 72
Sunday, July 4, 10:30-12:10 (continued - 3/4)
10:30-10:50
10:50-11:10
11:10-11:30
11:30-11:50
Belvedere
Presidenza
Networks V
Resource Management III
300/A
Knowledge and Learning
Networks
300/B
Team assembly and scientific
collaboration on NanoHub
Katherine Ognyanova, Noshir
Contractor, Meikuan Huang, Yun
Huang , Drew Margolin, Cuihua
Shen
Understanding Interdisciplinarity
Using a Social Network Analysis
of Administration Data
Mark James Elliot, Mark
Tranmer
Social network analysis of gender
patterns in bibliometric data: an
effective tool for assessing
institutional climate change in
academia
Jide Osatuyi, Regina Collins,
Anatoliy Gruzd, Nancy SteffenFluhr
Network Dynamics of the Santa
Fe Institute
Magda Fontana, Maksim
Tsvetovat
Stakeholders’ netaworks and
sustainable development in the
Brazilian Amazon
Frederic Mertens, Renata
Tavora, Mauro Castro, Katia
Demeda, Raquel Grando
Dialogue, trust and natural
resource management
Renata Tavora, Frederic
Mertens, Raquel Grando, Mauro
Castro, Katia Demeda
The role of producer
communication and resource
networks in agroforestry
management
Marney E Isaac
The co-evolution of knowledge
sharing and clinical performance
in the Italian Rare Cancer
Network
Paola Zappa
Board Networks and CEO
Compensation in Dutch Hospitals
Rob Boterenbrood, Zuzana
Sasovova
Networks As Pipes And
Wellsprings: Exploring The Link
Between Firm And Networks In
The Inventive Process
Elisa Operti, Gianluca Carnabuci
The German Upper Echelon
Network: Principles Determining
Network Structure
Julia Brennecke, Olaf N. Rank,
Anja Tuschke
Telecom service diffusion and
influence in a network of
interlocking directorates.
Johannes Bjelland, Geoffrey
Canright, Kenth Engo-Monsen,
Rich Ling, Pal Roe Sundsoy
The role of social network
clusters in determining water
resource management outcomes
in residential landscapes in
Maricopa County, AZ, USA.
V. Kelly Turner
Traffic through the Wikipedia
knowledge network
Jacob Ratkiewicz, Alessandro
Flammini, Filippo Menczer
In Search for Social Capital.
Interlocking directorates at
Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Michal Zdziarski
Interlocking Directorates IV
Page 73
11:50-12:10
Belvedere
Presidenza
Networks V
Resource Management III
300/A
Knowledge and Learning
Networks
The effect of organizational
structure and publication
activities on email dynamics in
higher education organizations:
the case of Catholic University of
Chile
Cristobal Garcia-Herrera, Alvaro
Pina-Stranger
300/B
Interlocking Directorates IV
Politicized directorates: The types
of partisan connections of boards’
members of state-owned
companies in Poland
Dominik Batorski
Sunbelt XXXI
February 8-13, 2011
Tradwinds Hotel and Resort in St. Petersburg, Florida
Page 74
List of presenters
Aalbers, Rick
Abernethy, Neil
Ackland, Robert
Adams, Jimi
Agneessens, Filip
Ahuja, Manju
Akermann, Gregori
Akiyoshi, Mito
Aksehirli, Zeynep
Al-Azem, Assaad
Albert, Fruzsina
Almquist, Zack
Amaral, Ines
Amati, Viviana
Amighini, Alessia
An, Weihua
Aral, Sinan
Arroyo, Liliana
Atouba, Yannick
Aubke, Florian
Avenarius, Christine
Axhausen, Kay
Baldassarri, Delia
Balland, Pierre-Alexandre
Barberio, Vitaliano
Barnes, Roy
Barnett, George
Barr, Abigail
Bartal, Alon
Bastani, Susan
Bastian, Mathieu
Batagelj, Vladimir
Bates, Lorraine
Batorski, Dominik
Beacom, Amanda
Beatty, Kate
Becker, Melina
Belli, Roberta
Bellotti, Elisa
Benassi, Mario
Benz, Dominik
Bergenholtz, Carsten
Bernstein, Ethan
Bès, Marie-Pierre
Bess, Kimberly
Bian, Yanjie
Bichir, Renata
Bidart, Claire
Bien, Walter
Bienenstock, Elisa
Biggiero, Lucio
Bird, Stephen
40,51
71
64
52
27,30,33,43
25
16
46
69
21
48
32
54
36
49
56,70
46,51,57,64 68
55
38,41
18
21
41
61
56
45
52
48
55,71
32
50,51
34
11,51,58
24
16,19,73
66
16,17
61
64
30
39
30
47
62
43,60
18
30
41
27
19
36,39,44
48,57
68
Biseda, Marlene
Bjelland, Johannes
Blumberg, Boris
Boda, Zsofia
Bodin, Örjan
Bohman, Love
Bohn, Angela
Bojanowski, Michal
Bollen, Johan
Bommarito, Michael
Bonacich, Phillip
Borgatti, Steve
Borovskaya, Irina
Bosch, Josep Lluis C.
Botetzagias, Iosif
Boudourides, Moses
Boutilier, Robert
Boutyline, Andrei
Boyd, John
Brailly, Julien
Brancaccio, Luciano
Brandes, Ulrik
Brashears, Matthew
Breiger, Ronald
Brennecke, Julia
Breznik, Kristijan
Bringe, Arnaud
Broniatowski, David
Brown, Larkin
Browning, Christopher
Brownlee, Jason
Brunetta, Federica
Busche, Gloria
Buskens, Vincent
Butts, Carter
Cachia, Romina
Canright, Geoffrey
Cardenas, Julian
Casanueva, Cristobal
Casciaro, Tiziana
Casilli, Antonio
Castren, Anna-Maija
Cattuto, Ciro
Cenker, Isil Cerem
Chang, Ming-yi
Chaulet, Johann
Chauvac, Nathalie
Chen, I-Chien
Cheng, Shu-Li
Chiang, Yi Hsuan
Christopoulos, Dimitrios
68
27,28.72
38
58
45
19
67
35
58
36,49
21
11,32,36,42
53
52
27,47
17,25,27,47
70
44
35
55
28
11,36,55,61 70
21,54
25
72
51
19,20
52
42
30,35
17
31,64
61
66,70
10,32,33,35
37,55
21
27,28,35,72
52
17,34
39,40
29
23
18,31
28
19,29,48
52
22
59
58
59
20,57,60
Page 75
Chu, Kar-Hai
Chua, Vincent
Coleridge, Chris
Collins, Regina
Comet, Catherine
Conaldi, Guido
Conti, Cinzia
Contractor, Noshir
Conway, Drew
Corman, Steve
Coromina, Lluis
Corten, Rense
Cote, Rochelle
Coyle, James
Crona, Beatrice
Cronin, Bruce
Cross, Jennifer
Crossley, Nick
Cruickshank, Iain
Csaba, Zoltán
Czerniawska, Dominika
Da Silva, Carlos Alberto
Dandi, Roberto
Daniel, Joao
Danowski, James
Daraganova, Galina
Dauti, Marsela
David, Beata
de Albuquerque, Elizabeth
de Federico, Ainhoa
De Graaff, Naná
De Nooy, Wouter
De Vita, Riccardo
DeChurch, Leslie
Dekker, Marleen
Diani, Mario
Dickmann, Ellyn
Diesner, Jana
Diewald, Martin
Doerfel, Marya
Dombrowski, Kirk
Dominguez, Silvia
Doreian, Patrick
Douthwaite, Joss
D'Ovidio, Fabrizio
Doykos, Bernadette
DuBois, Christopher
Dugundji, Elenna
Dyk, Patricia
Ebermann, Jana
Eckenhofer, Eva Maria
Edling, Christofer
Eggert, Nina
Elliot, Mark
41
46
53
72
20
32,38,72
49,60
28,42,59,64 72
10,28
56
21
26,35
60
58
45
19,39
31
46
48
35,58
42
43
48
18,54
23,60,61,62 67
19
18,66
48
43
32
53
11,20
46
66
55,71
41,58,66
38
53,59,61
41
25
59
46
26,54
18
64
18
36
23
45
43,59
68
19,32
59
64,72
Ellwardt, Lea
Engel, Ofer
Engo-Monsen, Kenth
Ennis, James G
Erickson, Bonnie
Erikson, Emily
Ernstson, Henrik
Espelage, Dorothy
Evans, Daniel
Everett, Martin
Everton, Sean
Eyre, Sean
Falzon, Lucia
Farkas, Gergei
Faust, Katherine
Favre, Guillaume
Federico, Paolo
Feld, Scott
Ferligoj, Anuska
Ferron, Michela
Fialho, Joaquim
Fiebig, Lena
Fischer, Manuel
Fisher, Karen
Fitzhugh, Sean
Flap, Henk
Fleisher, Mark
Fong, Eric
Fonseca, Jaime
Fontana, Magda
Fontes, Breno
Ford, Jodi
Foucault Welles, Brooke
Fountain, Christine
Frank, Lauren
Frey, Seth
Frigotto, Laura
Frongia, Daniele
Fu, Yang-chih
Fuehres, Hauke
Fuentes, Dahlia
Fuerlinger, Georg
Fuhse, Jan
Fujimoto, Kayo
Fulton, Crystal
Furnari, Santi
Garcia-Herrera, Cristobal
Garrido, Maria
Gay, Brigitte
Gayen, Kaberi
Geenen, Guido
Gile, Krista
Gilpin, Dawn
Giudicati, Gianna
63
37
27,28,35,72
52
60
67
44
58
23,48
11,20
20,59,64
27
20
64
25
23,55
61
21
54
45
24,43,62
21
38
46
67
58,60
31
61
36,46
72
44,55
30,35
28
49
43,66
66
31
60
48
56,63
39,46
29
22
33,40
19
16
73
63
30
20,21
39
54,55
23
57
Page 76
Giudici, Francesco
Gloor, Peter
Godart, Frederic
Gödecke, Theda
Gomez-Soto, Monica
Gondal, Neha
Gorbatai, Andreea
Gorgoni, Sara
Gould, Jessica
Gouveia, Rita
Graham, John
Green, Harold
Green, Paul
Greenberg, Bryan
Greenwood-Lee, James
Greve, Arent
Grienitz, Volker
Grippa, Francesca
Grossetti, Michel
Gruzd, Anatoliy
Gryc, Wojciech
Guarneri, Antonella
Hachen, David
Hagberg, Aric
Halgin, Dan
Hamberger, Klaus
Hamilton, Deven
Handcock, Mark
Hannud Abdo, Alexandre
Hansberger, Jeff
Hansen, William
Harihara, Motoko
Haring, Martin
Harrigan, Nicholas
Harris, Jenine K.
Haselmair, Ruth
Haunss, Sebastian
Havens, Jennifer
Hayashi, Yusuke
Heemskerk, Eelke
Heidl, Ralph
Heidler, Richard
Heikkinen, Anna
Heinze, Nina
Heiss, Bettina
Hendler, Jim
Hennig, Marina
Herkenhoener, Simon
Hersberger, Julia
Hill, Shawndra
Hipp, John
Hirschi, Christian
Hogan, Bernard
Holloway, Ian
24
16,56,61,63 64
40
22
55
31,42
66
49
43
44
23,28
29,51
58
62
34
47
35
17,18
38
34,42,43,57 72
30,53
25,49
20
10
10,32,36
20
68
35,36,54,55 71
42
67
16
18
37
39
16,17,18,66
62
47
17,18,34,68
45
39
57
17
27
41
45
64
25
67
19
19,69
35
44,48
29
21
Hollstein, Betina
Holt, Alison
Hoofd, Ingrid
Horta, Mariana
Hsieh, Yeu-sheng
Hsung, Ray-May
Huang, James Liang Cheng
Huang, Meikuan
Huang, Yu-Ting
Hughes, Douglas
Ietri, Daniele
Inagaki, Yusuke
Indlekofer, Natalie
Ingold, Karin
Inoue, Hiroyasu
Inuzuka, Nobuhiro
Ip, Olivia
Isaac, Marney
Isella, Lorenzo
Iwashyna, Theodore
Jackson, Matthew
Jacobs, Lindsay
Jaimovich, Dany
Jasny, Lorien
Jimenez, Jaime
Johnson, Benjamin
Johnson, Catherine
Johnson, Jeffrey
Johnson, Zachary
Jonas, Adam
Jones, Michael
Jordan, Ferenc
Jungherr, Andreas
Kanamitsu, Jun
Kapucu, Naim
Karintaus, Katja
Kastelle, Tim
Katerinakis, Theodoros
Kayahara, Jennifer
Kebede, Wassie
Kegen, Nadine
Keim, Sylvia
Kelly, John
Kenk, Martina
Kim, Chong Min
King, Barbara
Kirke, Deirdre
Kirkegaard, Tanja
Kirschbaum, Charles
Kishida, Akishige
Klaerner, Andreas
Kleinnijenhuis, Jan
Klovdahl, Alden
Koehly, Laura
10,23,30
23
50
29
19,29,59
40,48
66
72
62
17,54,57
56
45
55,61
44,60
34
62
53
72
31
50
10,11
30
70
31,66
43
27,53
54
21,23,32,48
42
17,18,34,68
37
24
28
24
47,65
47
31,33,70
51
46
25
29
22,47
51
16
54
50
41
18
58,71
35
22
44
22
17
Page 77
Koendjbiharie, Sarita
Kogovsek, Tina
Kohl, Steffen
Koskinen, Johan
Kovacs, Balazs
Kowald, Matthias
Krauss, Jonas
Krawczyk, Malgorzata
Krempel, Lothar
Krenn, Karoline
Krivitsky, Pavel
Kronegger, Luka
Kronenwett, Michael
Kropczynski, Jessica
Kropp, Per
Kuo, Kun-Lin
Labun, Alona
Lakon, Cynthia
Langreiter, Christian
Larimer, Dustin
Latkin, Carl
Lazaropoulos, Spyridon
Lazega, Emmanuel
Lee, Lewis
Lehtimaki, Hanna
Leibezeder, Elisabeth
Leischow, Scott
Lena, Jennifer
Lerner, Jurgen
Leskovec, Jure
Lewis, Joshua
Leydesdorff, Loet
Li, Lung-An
Liao, Yi
Lieberman, Steve
Liepelt, Klaus
Light, John
Lin, Ching-Yung
Liu, Ka-Yuet
Liu, Li-wen
Liu, Wei-chung
Lobina, Emanuele
Losito, Mario
Lospinoso, Josh
Low, Sabina
Lubbers, Miranda
Luczkovich, Joseph
Lusher, Dean
Macy, Michael
Maillochon, Florence
Majerski, Maria
Makovi, Kinga Reka
Mann, Janet
Marchegiani, Lucia
38
70,71
25
19
25,32
41
56,63
37
24,40,48,60
40
71
54
11
45
30
57
33
50
42
61
68
17
32,55
16
47
18
50
58
11,36,55,70
22
41
49
27
62
20, 59
60
29
52
37,49
34
36,58
59
71
23,28,57,70
58
31,36
23
24
21,64
23
60
28,29
36,39,44
31
Margolin, Drew
Marin, Alexandra
Marqués, Pilar
Martini, Cristiana
Martinus, Jens
Marui, Junki
Mascia, Daniele
Massa, Paolo
Matous, Petr
Matsushima, Hrisoshi
Maya-Jariego, Isidro
McCarty, Christopher
McCreery, John
McCulloh, Ian
McDonald, Steve
McLean, Paul
Meindl, Claudia
Menczer, Filippo
Mercken, Liesbeth
Mertens, Frédéric
Mihai, Ioana-Alexandra
Milard, Béatrice
Miller, Katherine
Milojevic, Stasa
Mirc, Nicola
Molina, Jose Luis
Mollenhorst, Gerald
Mongeau, Pierre
Moon, Il-Chul
Morbitzer, Dominik
Morselli, Carlo
Moser, Christine
Mote, Jonathon
Muchnik, Lev
Murgia, Gianluca
Murphy, Phil
Mussi Campos Cervera,
Alejandro
Nagel, Uwe
Nakamoto, Ryuchi
Nann, Stefan
Nemoto, Keiichi
Neray, Balint
Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto
Ni, Huey-Fan
Nick, Bobo
Nickerson, Jeffrey
Niekamp, Anne-Marie
Noel, Hans
Noguchi, Hiroki
Norton, Myra
O’Brien, Nina
Obermeier, Uwe
Ofem, Brandon
49,72
10,30
42
68
36
50
48,56
31,45
39
62
21
25,31
31
27,28,36,49
50,53,57
49
31,70
60
18,52,72
25
72
55
44
51
45
50
31,36
32,58
60
52,57
70
64
38,48
56
46,51
24
48
54
70
66
56,63
56
28,29
34
65
55,61
17
32
64
37
56
28,43
52
30
Page 78
Ognyanova, Katherine
Olivier, Claudia
Operti, Elisa
Opsahl, Tore
Opuszko, Marek
Oser, Carrie
Oster, Daniel
Padgett, John
Pais, Ivana
Pál, Judit
Panzarasa, Pietro
Parra, Diana
Parsons, Nicholas
Pattison, Philippa
Paulos, Leticia Anabel
Pearson, Michael
Peña, Jorge
Perry, Brea
Petrovcic, Andraz
Pfeffer, Juergen
Pieters, Michiel
Pieterson, Willem
Pina Stranger, Alvaro Ignacio
Piselli, Fortunata
Piterou, Athena
Pixley, Joy
Place, Skyler
Ploszaj, Adam
Plotkowiak, Thomas
Pompeu Gomes, Carlos
Henryque
Poorthuis, Ate
Popielarz, Pamela
Poser, Anna
Possamai, Lino
Prein, Gerald
Prell, Christina
Putzke, Johannes
Quellenberg, Holger
Quintane, Eric
Raab, Joerg
Raeside, Robert
Ramon, Anna
Ranara, Jeff
Rank, Olaf
Rausch, Alexandre
Ravid, Gilad
Rebeka, Lex
Rentocchini, Francesco
Resick, Christian
Reyes Jr, Edgar
Rhue, Lauren
Riopelle, Kenneth
Rivero Ostoic, Antonio
72
46
72
10,19
29
17,18,34,68
16
31,41,64
46
28,29,35
30,36
18,66
33
19,20,24,37
38,54
55
37
25
40
47
30
29
59
24,73
39
26
54
70
41
43,59
63
23
50
39
70
19
45,61
16
19
20
28,29
20,21
55
44
29,30,72
41,57,60
32,58
32
50
58,66
23
28
60
37
Roberts, Nancy
Robins, Garry
Rocha, Maria Manuela
Rochat, Yannick
Roda, Renato
Rodrigues, Miguel
Rodriguez, Josep
Rogers, Bruce
Roth, Camille
Ruan, Danching
Rubineau, Brian
Russell, Jayne
Ruths, Derek
Sailer, Kerstin
Saint-Charles, Johanne
Sakaki, Takeshi
Salaff, Janet
Salem, Philip
Sales, Anne
Santos, António
Sapin, Marlène
Saragoça, José
Sartori, Laura
Sasovova, Zuzana
Schaefer, David
Scheidegger, Nicoline
Schifanella, Rossano
Schloderer, Florian
Schmid, Boris
Schneider, John
Schoenhuth, Michael
Scholtz, Nicole
Scholz, John
Schroeter, Wilko
Schuricht, Michael
Schweinberger, Michael
Schweitzer, Frank
Seidl da Fonseca, Gabriel
Shadbolt, Nigel
Shibata, Naoki
Shoham, Mirit
Shumate, Michelle
Sinclair, Philip
Skvoretz, John
Sloane, Alan
Smieszek, Timo
Smit, Alexander
Snijders, Tom
Sohn, Christophe
Song, Lijun
Song, Yang
Sonnenbichler, Andreas
Soriani, Nicola
48,64
20,37,38,54
24
25
36
63
20,55
28
19,41
29
35,56
21
24
36
60
46
52
40
39
18,54
24
24,43,62
28
30,72
58
50
18
62
22
29
11
42
68
64
37
20,38
31
53
64
39
68
38,41
66
38
71
21
28
11,12,19,25, 26,
29,32,
33,36,37,54, 70
20
48
47
41
36
Page 79
Sorolla Vidal, Natxo
Speer, Paul
Spiro, Emma S.
Srnicek, Nick
Stadtfeld, Christoph
Stanford, Mark
Stanoevska-Slabeva, Katarina
Stanton, Margaret
Stawinoga, Agnieszka
Steffen-Fluhr, Nancy
Stegbauer, Christian
Steglich, Christian
Still, Mary
Stokman, Frans
Strenge, Michael
Stuetzer, Cathleen
Suitor, Jill
Sundararajan, Arun
Sundsøy, Pål
Suthers, Dan
Swanson, Bradley
Takacs, Karoly
Talmud, Ilan
Tatarynowicz, Adam
Tavora, Renata
Teredesai, Ankur
Tesdahl, Eric
Thompson, Steve
Thornton, Wayne
Tindall, David
Tobin, Karin
Todeva, Emanuela
Tonellato, Marco
Tonkovic, Zeljka
Torgerson, Tish
Torlo, Vanina
Tranmer, Mark
Tscherteu, Gernot
Tsuji, Ryuhei
Tsvetovat, Maksim
Tubaro, Paola
Tunnard, Christopher
Tuominen, Juha
Turner, Justin
Turner, Kelly
Ulbrich, Sebastian
Valente, Thomas
van Atteveldt, Wouter
van de Rijt, Arnout
van der Gaag, Martin
Van Duijn, Marijtje
van Meeteren, Michiel
van Meter, Karl
Van Rossem, Ronan
54, 58
18
33,55
25
55
56
43,59
36,39,44
38
72
41,57
25,28,31,33
63,70
57
44
29
61
21
24,51,68
27,72
36
63
28,35,55
29
67
72
58
18
54
27
52,58
68
28
32
29
50
33,70
64,72
42
60
20,57,72
29,32
28
56
49
72
44
11,33,39,40
48
70
38
20
23
48
30
Vanhoutte, Bram
Varanda, Marta
Varda, Danielle
Varga, Attila
Velez, Gabriel
Velitchkova, Ana
Vergeer, Maurice
Vicentini, Francesca
Vignoli, Matteo
Villela, Lamounier
Vitale, Maria Prosperina
Vittucci Marzetti, Giuseppe
Vlegels, Jef
Volker, Beate
von der Lippe, Holger
Vörös, András
Waber, Benjamin
Waldstrøm, Christian
Walker, Dylan
Walker, Kasey
Walther, Olivier
Wang, Jyun-cheng
Wang, Peng
Wang, Ranran
Watkins, Sheila
Weber, Matthew
Wellman, Barry
Wennerhag, Magnus
Widmer, Eric
Williams, Chyvette
Windhager, Florian
Wittek, Rafael
Wojnar, Katarzyna
Wu, Chyi-In
Xerez, Romana
Yang, Hsieh-Hua
Yi, Huso
Young, Lindsay
Zaccaria, Anna Maria
Zaccarin, Susanna
Zajac, Jan
Zander-Music, Lysann
Zappa, Paola
Zdziarski, Micha
Zec, Slavica
Zeini, Sam
Zelner, Jonathan
Zemlinskaya, Yulia
Zenk, Lukas
Zhang, Baiqing
Zhang, Chenjian
Zhang, Yanlong
Zhu, Xiumei
Zorzi, Olaf
61
55
39
41
25,55
27
24
31
53,67
62
52,70
50
28,52
32,58,60
16
55,58
32
18,36,47
68
21,33
20
40
37,38,54
35
68
22,43
42,43
46
24,44
21
39,60,61
33,54,63
41
27,62
36,46
49
69
59
68
38,52
16
16
72
72
70
24
17,36
41
39,60,61
61
38
42
59
17
Page 80
Page 81
Abstract
(A semi comprehensive) Network analysis of an exchange program
Antonio R. Ostoic
Inter-Organizational Networks (Lecture)
Measures, Longitudinal, International Networks, Generalized Blockmodeling, Positional Analysis,
Interstructural Analysis
The goal of this study was to find out organizing principles of an interorganizational network and its
evolution over time applying methods of network analysis. Although the methodological aspect was
central in the analysis, social phenomena such as the roles and positions of the actors in the network,
and their choices in relation to their geographical and cultural characteristics were also investigated. For
this, a longitudinal network data set for 30 years of relations among 51 countries that a certain point of
time participated in a youth exchange program, called ICYE, was used as a case study.
Positions in the network, which are made of subsets of regular equivalent actors who are meant to play
a similar role, are revealed through patterns of relationships. Thus, a positional analysis based on the
generalized blockmodeling procedure detected a centre-periphery pattern among the positions in the
interorganizational network, which is geographically heterogeneous and varies over time.
Regarding the actors’ choices, a social selection process based on a negative homophily (or
heterophily) principle was hypothesized to be playing in the development of the exchange relations. This
hypothesis was tested through a stochastic model that permits to incorporate independent variables in
the modelling of the longitudinal network data. The results of such dynamical analysis confirmed that the
evolvement of the network structure was defined by complementary attributes of the actors, although
similar geographical characteristics to some extent prevented the dissolution of relations. Other network
effects at the dyadic level such as the network cohesion and the reciprocity over time were also
statistically modelled, and in this sense both exogenous and endogenous generative mechanisms of
change were considered.
In addition, structural features of the network were measured at both the individual and the group level
in indices that permitted the comparison of the network structure over time, and complemented the
interpretation of the modelling results with the use of visualization tools.
Three prospects (or problems) in the study to take into account are : a) the employ of the Rand index to
assess the level of change in the blockmodel images produced over time, b) the differentiation of
particular and general graph-level indices to compare structural information of a network with changing
order and size, and finally c) some aspects in the definition of the data and the model in the SIENA
program for the longitudinal network analysis.
Page 82
Abstract
2007-2008 – THE END OF BUSH: LINK ANALYSIS OF WORLD MEDIA HEADLINES
Karl M. Van-Meter
Words and Networks (Lecture)
Politics, Text Analysis, Media, Link Analysis, Text Mining, Co-occurrence Of Keywords
Following the publication of "World Politics & 'Parapolitics' 2006: Computer-Assisted Text Analysis of
International Media Headlines" (2009, Harmattan), based on the analysis of over 7,000 titles, we have
continued our research with the analysis of 2007-2008 titles. Since the same Calliope link analysis
method – co-occurrence of key words -- has been systematically used, we can present not only the
network of "discourse universes" for each years, but also compare they one to another and describe the
longitudinal evolution of the world politics during the end of the Bush Administration.
Page 83
Abstract
A Company Commander’s Networked Expertise in the Finnish Defence Forces – What Could It
Be?
Juha I. Tuominen
Leadership Networks (Lecture)
Qualitative Approaches, Egocentic Networks, Leadership
The aim of this paper is to analyze a company commander's activity within his workplace community
and external professional network in the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) context. New perspectives
offered by professional development in interaction, knowledge sharing, knowledge communities and
networking, mainly applied in business setting, have relevance in military company commanders’
professional development too. Company commanders’ work is more and more knowledge intensive and
such concepts as knowledge, expertise and competence characterize company commanders’ activity
throughout their work. It is also essential to know how such pedagogical communities which focus on
creation of new knowledge and novel social practices, function and how these kinds of communities can
deliberately be cultivated.
Also, a company commander’s personal life, formal and informal relations and accumulation of
experience all affect her or his working behaviours. This is one of the realizations that broaden the
perspective on professional development of company commanders from individual achievements to a
larger framework of relations, where professional development is contributed to by the interaction of
relationship of networks. The networks of company commander do not consist of the people only, but
also meditative tools and other intelligent artefacts and this establishes the need to reflect the social
networks in an innovative frame of reference of intelligent networks of relations. Social network analysis
is a useful tool for the investigation of knowledge flows within organizations.
Page 84
Abstract
A DECADE OF CHANGING NEIGHBOR RELATIONS
Gerald Mollenhorst
Beate Völker
Veronique Schutjens
Personal (Egocentric) Networks (Lecture)
Longitudinal, Ego-centered Networks, Network Stability, Personal Networks, Change, Neighbor
Relationships
In the current sociological and geographical literature, contrasting views exist on the role of the
neighborhood and neighborhood relationships in the life of people in current societies. Some scholars
believe that in our globalizing world, local communities and the neighborhood in general have lost their
significance, while others argue that the role of community and neighborhood contacts is still important.
These divergent opinions are mainly due to the absence of comparative empirical studies, which require
longitudinal data on neighborhood contacts. Based on unique and rich panel data (SSND 1 & 2) on the
role of neighbors in the personal networks of inhabitants of 161 Dutch neighborhoods, we analyzed
whether neighborhood contacts and their implications have changed over a decade.
In this presentation, we show that, although neighbors are just a small part of personal networks, their
importance significantly increased over the past ten years. On average, respondents mentioned more
neighbors as members of the personal network and also the proportion of neighbors in the network
increased. In particular, neighbors are increasingly mentioned as a source of help with odd jobs in or
around the house or as persons to pay a visit from time to time. At the same time, however, the average
frequency of contact with neighbors and the average level of trust in neighbors somewhat declined over
the years. More detailed results, e.g., on changes at the level of individual relationships, as well as on
various explanations for changes in neighbor relationships will be presented.
Page 85
Abstract
A Dynamic View of the International Treaty Network (1900-2000)
Michael J. Bommarito
Paul D. Poast
Daniel M. Katz
Donn D. Gladish
International Networks (Lecture)
International Networks, Political Networks, War
There exist a significant number of theories that purport to describe various structural features of the
international system. For example, realist scholars may use treaty-making patterns to highlight
balancing attempts or the development of polarities. Alternatively, social constructivists may rely on
treaty patterns to identify waves of norm diffusion. As a result, scholars have begun collecting and
coding the makeup of various treaties. These existing projects have focused on a specific treaty topic
(alliances for Leeds et al 2003), a random sub-sample of specific treaty categories (Koremenos, Lipson
and Snidal 2001) or have limited their search to just multilateral agreements (Hoffman, Denemark, and
Isherwood 2008).
Using a newly constructed dataset containing every known international agreement in the 20th century,
we believe our analysis represents the most comprehensive view of the international system to date.
Specifically, we leverage techniques in computational social science to combine several datastreams
including League of Nations Treaty Series, United Nations Treaty Series as well as a tremendous
number of otherwise unregistered agreements. Taken together, our analysis of nearly 80,000
documents can help enrich substantive theory by exposing time evolving patterns of treaty-making and
helping reveal the time evolving composition and dimensions of interactions between states.
Our analysis leverages a wide segment of interdisciplinary methods and theories including those
developed in international relations, network science, informatics, we provide an longitudinal picture of
the time evolving dynamics underpinning periods of agglomeration and fractures in the international
system. Specifically, we empirically evaluate the presence or absence of global and regional hegemons
at various time periods. Though additional analysis is likely required, we are exciting to contribute our
analysis and hope it will encourage work from other interested scholars.
Page 86
Abstract
A Estrutura Formal e Informal das Organizações: A Comparação entre a Percepção de
Conhecimento Técnico e Organizacional.
Edgar Reyes-Jr
Maria de L. Borges
Claudio R. Gonçalo
Sesión Iberoamericana (Lecture)
Trust, Intra-organizational Networks, Social Network Analysis, Informal Institution
La comprensión de la organización informal se queda relevante dado su relativa independencia de la
estructura formal de la organización y por no aparecer ni en el organograma, ni en otros documentos
jurídicos. Por medio del análisis de las redes sociales, si objetivó verificar esta estructura de relaciones
existentes en uma organización. Los dados fueron obtenidos por Survey de base censitária com los 52
colaboradores con cuestiones que acercaran las personas con mayor conocimiento técnico y aquellas
con mayor conocimiento de la organización. Se usó el software UCINET 6.0 para la análisis. Si verificó
que la densidad y las distancias presentaron características similares, pero cuando se analizó grado de
centralidade, centralidade del flujo, Intermediação y poder de los agentes, fue identificado que los
agentes considerados más bien informados coinciden mucho con el organograma funcional de la
organización, mientras que los agentes considerados con conocimiento técnico más grande ocuparon
posiciones más bajas en la estructura formal de la organización. Observose tambien que una área de la
empresa tiene el control de la compañía, en ambos los aspectos, del flujo de información del la
organización.
Page 87
Abstract
A Few Special Cases:Scientific Creativity and Network Dynamics in the Field of Rare Diseases
Laura Frigotto
Massimo Riccaboni
Network Dynamics (Lecture)
Network Dynamics, Rare Diseases, Creativity
We develop of model of the co-evolution of science and network dynamics and test it in the field of rare
diseases. We maintain that a dynamic isomorphic relationship is in place between the evolution network
of the scientific community and the structure of scientific problem decomposition. Namely, we show that
the centrality of scientists in the scientific community is strongly related to their creativity as measured
by the number and the importance of new concepts and new relationships among concepts they have
discovered. Early in their career, scientists have a higher chance to discover and /or to work on new
concepts. Thus new peripheral nodes in the social network tend to be related with new peripheral nodes
in the network of scientific concepts/problems. Next, the centrality of nodes in the two networks
co-evolve: by establishing new connections among concepts creative scientists gain in centrality. At the
same time, by increasing their centrality in the scientific community they can bridge between new
emerging concepts and well-established ones, thus re-ordering the space of scientific knowledge. We
test our model in the case of rare diseases in biomedical sciences. We decided to focus on rare
diseases because they are new unstructured specialties characterized by a high degree of novelty and
uncertainty. Thus we can trace back the evolution of rare biomedical specialties from the very beginning.
On the one side, we apply bibliometric techniques as well as semantic and social network analysis to
Medline data to test our propositions. On the other side, we corroborate our results with an ethnographic
field study of the Rett Syndrome scientific community. The predications of our model are in good
agreement with the empirical evidence.
Page 88
Abstract
A Golden Wedding and a Funeral: Interconnection of Events in Two-mode Networks
Christian Stegbauer
Alexandre Rausch
Network Theory (Lecture)
Network Theory, Qualitative Approaches, Event Data, Two-mode Networks
Classical research on two-mode networks mainly focusses on the social contacts between the
participants of events (many examples use Southern Women data, e.g. Davis et al. 1941).
Georg Simmel aimed at a non-individualistic sociology of forms. Such sociology tends to inquire into the
emergence of different forms within local cultures.
Non-individualistic network research provides the answer to the persistence of forms. Forms outlive
individual participants. Events are interconnected by their participants. This network of events is well
worth researching.
In the presentation we will present how events are connected taking the example of family celebrations
in Hesse (Germany). Our aim was to determine the importance of different positions, such as
participants, organizers, event experts.
The events are interconnected by different modes: 1. transfer: similar behaviour in similar situations. 2.
Stories about events. 3. Media stories about events, how to celebrate and how to behave.
Davis, A., Gardner, B. B. and M. R. Gardner (1941) Deep South, Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press.
Simmel, Georg, 1908, Soziologie. Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung.
Leipzig-München: Duncker & Humblot.
Page 89
Abstract
A Longitudinal Analysis of Coauthorship Antecedents, Trends and Outcomes in Information
Systems Research
Michael Gallivan
Manju Ahuja
Academic and Scientific Networks I (Lecture)
Scientific Networks, Citation Networks, Academic Networks, Collaboration, Affiliation Networks,
Communities Of Practice
This study examines coauthorship patterns in IS research. Formally labeled as the study of
sociology of science and “scientific collaboration,” specifically in the physical sciences, we
examine both the longitudinal evidence for changes in the frequency of coauthored research
in the IS field, as well as factors that influence researchers’ specific choices of coauthors (i.e.,
personal attributes such as same gender and common PhD program affiliation). We also
examine specific outcomes that have been claimed to result from coauthored research – such
as a longer page length of published studies and larger numbers of citations. In replicating
many of the analyses that were previously investigated in accounting, economics, political
science, and other physical and social sciences, we found support for most of our hypotheses
– including the fact that IS researchers choose coauthors of the same gender and those who
attended the same PhD program. We did not find any impact of coauthorship on page length;
however, we found unusual results with regard to the effect of coauthoring on numbers of
citations: of the four leading IS journals that we analyzed, we found the number of coauthors
to be positively related to number of citations for MIS Quarterly only, but inversely-related
for Information Systems Research (and a weak, negative result for Journal of MIS) Through
additional post hoc analyses, including the number of individuals “acknowledged” in a paper,
we attempt to tease out the reasons why coauthored studies are more frequently-cited in MIS
Quarterly – but less frequently-cited in ISR. We conclude by identifying the contributions of
our study for IS research, in particular, and sociology of science, in general, as well as
suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Academic networks, Citation networks, collaboration, scientific networks, performance,
Page 90
Abstract
A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Depression Influence Processes in Adolescent Friendships
David R. Schaefer
Olga Kornienko
Adolescent Friendship Networks (Lecture)
Adolescents, Siena, Depression, Peer Influence
Given that depression is the most prevalent mental health problem experienced by adolescents and the
critical role of peers as socializing agents, it is important to understand how friends exert influence on
each others' mental health. This study aims to advance the extant research on socialization processes
in friendship networks by investigating social influence processes through which depression spreads
through a friendship network, while controlling for the previously overlooked contributions of (a)
fundamental processes of friendship formation (e.g., reciprocity, transitivity, and popularity) and (b) the
role of depression for selection into friendship. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent
Health and a multilevel SIENA model to examine depression contagion in friendship networks in several
schools. Our results demonstrate that adolescents’ depressive symptoms are positively influenced by
those of their friends, with the magnitude of the influence proportional to the number of friends. Thus, we
obtain evidence for socialization of depression in friendship networks, while controlling for the selection
into friendship and other network processes salient to friendship formation.
Page 91
Abstract
A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of German Politicians' Twitter Accounts
Thomas Plotkowiak
Ebermann Jana
Katrina Stanoevska-Slabeva
Twitter Networks (Lecture)
Social Network Analysis, Politics, Twitter, Longitudinal, Closure, Reputation
Politicians running for an office in the German Bundestag election in
2009 for the first time massively have taken the liberty of getting
involved with social networking and becoming their own "reputational
entrepreneurs" in social media (Fine, 1996). While reputation in
social networks does not emerge from good work directly so much as
stories about the work, the key to building reputation is to get
people in closed networks talking about oneself (Burt, 1999, Gladwell
2000). The created reputation and its stability in such a network is
clearly not independent of network closure (Burt, 2000) mechanisms,
which reduce the risk of trust among people and carry on reputation
from one year to the next. In order investigate those mechanisms in
context with the German Bundestag election, we took daily snapshots of
the social network formed from over 650 politicians on twitter in a
timeframe of 4 weeks. By tracking almost 10.000 connections of over
650 twitter accounts and monitoring over 240.000 tweets we were able
to investigate how and with whom politicians established connections
and which topics they discussed. Using statistical social network
analysis methods (Snijders et Al., 2007, Carley et Al. 2009) our
results show that there is indication for closure among members of
their own party. They majority of connections are established between
members of the same party while connections between different parties
are significantly less represented. The analysis of the exchanged
tweets shows that conversation is directed towards members of the same
party and mentions of opposite parties can often be found.
Page 92
Abstract
A Network Theory of Life, the Universe and Everything: A Progress Report
Stephen P. Borgatti
Theory
In 2006, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) requested proposals for a grant to develop "a
broad, generic, adaptable, flexible and modular theory of social networks that spans all relevant
disciplines". In short, a network theory of everything. I took the challenge, not because I thought the goal
was remotely possible (or even desirable) but because I thought it would be interesting and useful to
see how and why the attempt would fail. As it turns out, the journey has been very interesting, and I now
feel it is possible to describe network theory in a way that is far more generative and integrative than I,
at least, expected. In this talk I try to outline this perspective. In addition, I comment on reactions to this
project collected at last year’s Sunbelt conference.
Page 93
Abstract
A Network View on Air Transport – Methodological and Conceptual Foundations
Simon Herkenhoener
Andreas Wald
Nonhuman Network Members (Lecture)
Applications, Preferential Attachment, Aerospace Industry, Connectivity, Transportation
The network perspective has become a prevalent paradigm in management studies comprising many
subfields such as organization, strategy, marketing etc. Consequently, the techniques derived from
social network analysis are widely used to different network phenomena. As a matter of fact, the
application of network analytical techniques to air transport suggests itself, but only a few studies have
implemented this application so far. This paper develops the methodological and conceptual foundations
for the analysis of air transport networks by introducing network analysis as a methodology to
investigate network structures in the aviation industry and by discussing the theoretical foundations for
explaining the emergence and functioning of these networks. Amongst others, we show similarities of
network structure and network characteristics of flight networks compared to social networks such as
scale-freeness and clustering. The analysis will take place on the level of the entire network (e.g. the
network of one airline or alliance) as well as on the level of individual nodes (i.e. airports) using current
techniques such as measures of network density and centrality or clustering coefficient. On this basis
we demonstrate the empirical application of network analysis comparing the network of StarAlliance to
the network of Oneworld.
Page 94
Abstract
A New Approach to the Social Capital and the Social Networks of Austalian Families
Sheila D. Watkins
Social Capital (Lecture)
Exchange, Social Capital, Family Ties, Local Networks, Autonomy, Network Participation
The place of family is changing in contemporary society. Although often seen in terms of a ‘haven’, as a
private confine, the reality of ‘family’ in today’s Australian society is a social structure that is active and
engaged. It is through this connected nature that family is able to provide value to its members; to
provide social capital. Family may well be a caring, nurturing haven but instead of a confined, isolated
unit, the value of the family is in its engaged nature, its myriad of social connections built and maintained
by its many adherents and through these connections, value is gained. This paper presents the findings
of an empirical study on the value of social networks to seventeen families living in Sydney, Australia.
But even within this newer approach, not all families are equal. The benefits of social networks, as a
provisioning base, vary between families and I examine what might account for this variance. First, I
contend that network participation varies with limited interactions affecting how families are able to
leverage their networks. I assert that resource exchange is either facilitated or constrained by the
locations and communities in which families are embedded and lastly, that network exchange is
compromised due to attitudes towards family independence or autonomy. By exploring these tensions, I
am able to observe how they mediate between a family unit and the resources gained through social
networks, elaborating the picture of an engaged family in the contemporary world.
Page 95
Abstract
A Niche in the Family: Multiplexity in Parent-Adult Child
J. jill Suitor
Megan Gilligan
Karl Pillemer
Social Support (Lecture)
Social Support, Kinship, Affective Ties, Family Ties
Parents have been found to differentiate among their children throughout the life course across a wide
variety of dimensions, including affection, conflict, disapproval, interaction and, in the later years,
exchange of instrumental and expressive support. However, it is not known whether parents favor the
same offspring across relational contexts, indicating tie multiplexity, or whether they favor different
children for particular contexts. We shed light on this question using data on 556 mothers ages 65-75
regarding their 2,300 adult children. In contrast to the multiplexity typically found between associates in
small groups, less than 10% of adult children were favored across multiple expressive and instrumental
contexts. Among children favored in any context, only about one-quarter were named as the preferred
offspring for multiple expressive relational contexts or multiple instrumental contexts. Multivariate
analyses revealed that favoritism across multiple contexts was predicted by children’s gender, age,
educational attainment, and deviant behaviors as adults; mothers’ characteristics did not play any role.
In sum, high levels of multiplexity do not appear to be typical in parent-adult child relationships, and tie
multiplexity is predicted by children’s, not parents’ characteristics.
Page 96
Abstract
A Perfect Sampling Method for Random Graph Models
Carter T. Butts
Exponential Random Graphs (Lecture)
Graph Theory, Exponential-family Random Graph Models, Monte Carlo Simulation, Algorithms
Generation of deviates from random graph models with non-trivial edge dependence is an increasingly
important problem in the social and biological sciences. In recent years, work on this problem has been
greatly facilitated by the use of discrete exponential families to parameterize random graph models, and
by the availability of associated Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for approximate simulation of these
families. Here, I introduce a method which allows perfect sampling from random graph models in
exponential family form (aka ``exponential random graph'' models), using a variant of Coupling From
The Past. I illustrate the use of the method via an application to the Markov graphs, a family of
considerable importance within the social network literature. Applications of the method to other
common cases is also discussed.
Page 97
Abstract
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Photographic Cross-Identification Procedures for
Gathering Social Network Data
Douglas A. Hughes
Derek K. Stafford
Bret Abel
Collecting Network Data (Methods) (Poster)
Methods, Network Survey, Community Structure, Experiments, Large-scale Networks, P*
Network analysis statistics are more susceptible to the bias created by missing data and measurement
error; and yet, current survey procedures for gathering relational data are more likely to foment the very
types of error that bias network analysis. Moreover, these procedures also make sociometric data in real
world contexts comparatively expensive. In the rural areas of a Central American country, we conducted
network analyses of 32 geographically isolated towns comprised of nearly 5000 respondents. We
essentially collected censuses of these towns in which we have average population response rates of
87%, and built a new computer program (Netrik) for collecting this data that significantly reduces
measurement error from the relational questions by using the pictures of people for cross identification.
Netrik also substantially reduces the cost per response of network questions. In sum, our data collection
procedures, which include Netrik and picture cross-identification procedures, are more accurate and
less costly. This paper explores those procedures, introduces Netrik, and examines the effectiveness
and efficiency of both.
Page 98
Abstract
A Study of Using Online Users Interaction Structure to Predict Movie Box Office Performance
Jyun-Cheng Wang
Chen-Hsin Chiang
Marketing and Market Research (Lecture)
An increasing number of researchers use user-generated content (UGC) as a data source to examine
whether online user reviews and behaviors have an impact on consumer purchase decisions and sales.
The objective of this study is to understand the impact of online user interactions on box office results
from the perspective of social network analysis (SNA). We examine data of user reviews and a
post-reply interactions network from the online discussion forums of 126 movies and analyzed their
social network characteristics. The discussion data of 126 movies were collected in the period of
October 23, 2008 to April 6, 2009. We investigated movie ratings, controversial opinions, user
participation and user interaction network density and the relationships of these variables and box office
results. Movie ratings and controversial opinions referred to the reflections of movie watchers. User
participation included entropy and involvement of movie discussions; user interaction network density
indicated the density of movie discussion network. Structural equation model (SEM) was employed for
analysis. Our findings suggest that those user generated contents containing controversial opinions and
a higher density of user interactions have a positive impact on box office results. However, user
participation does not have a significant relationship with box office results. This study helps marketing
personnel to effectively utilize the contents of online discussion to foresee sales results.
Page 99
Abstract
A Union Divided: Polarization in the Screen Actors Guild
Nina F. O'brien
Organizations and Networks (Lecture)
Alliances, Social Network Analysis, Film, Collective Action
This research seeks to understand the conditions that lead to polarization in a social network. The paper
examines a network of 146 members of the Screen Actors Guild who took opposing positions in a
dispute over the Guild's leadership in 2008. Members were analyzed in terms of their co-working
relationships as well as their co-affiliation with talent management agencies. Results suggest that,
consistent with theories of homophily, co-working relationships were important predictors of members'
positions in the dispute. However, the data also suggest that talent agency representation played an
important role: actors who were represented by the same agencies were also more likely to side
together in the dispute. Implications of the role of third-party social influence are explored in this context.
Page 100
Abstract
A análise de redes sociais em língua portuguesa
Marta Varanda
Raquel Rego
Breno Fontes
Scientific Networks, Innovation Networks, Social Network Analysis, Portuguese Language, Scientific
Production
A ARS tem tido ampla divulgação desde há pelo menos 30 anos nos EUA e na Europa, mas essa
dinâmica só se fez sentir recentemente nos países de língua oficial portuguesa. Alguns indicadores
desta ainda fraca presença são o número de artigos publicados na Revista Redes. Em 16 volumes com
125 artigos, só 10 são em língua portuguesa. Outro indicador é o número de associados no INSNA: 22
brasileiros e 9 portugueses, e na Web REDES: 72 brasileiros e 13 portugueses.
Numa primeira análise dos trabalhos publicados, apercebemo-nos que o uso do conceito de redes
enquanto metáfora, sendo muito limitado para a construção de conhecimento, está amplamente
difundido. Apercebemo-nos também que a ARS aplicando as medidas e software próprios, raramente
vai para além da descrição e visualização da rede.
Há portanto, do nosso ponto de vista, muito trabalho a desenvolver no sentido da utilização da ARS
para a explicação das regularidades sociais, a sua génese e consequências, no fundo o contributo da
ARS para a teoria social através da superação da dicotomia micro-macro. Consideramos que o nosso
conhecimento das sociedades de língua portuguesa em muito beneficiaria com uma maior exploração
das potencialidades da ARS.
Para além de dar conta dos principais marcos da ARS em português, desde publicações a encontros,
passando por teses, nesta comunicação faremos uma reflexão sobre os factores inibidores, mas
também os factores promotores do desenvolvimento da ARS no mundo lusófono. Aproveitaremos ainda
para, em diálogo com colegas, apontar vias para o desenvolvimento desta área.
Page 101
Abstract
A history-dependent algorithm for social structure and patterns of social interactions
Kun-Lin Kuo
Simulation (Lecture)
We construct a history-dependent algorithm to reproduce the pattern of social interactions observed
from a social capital survey that was conducted in the USA in 2008. The algorithm is based on two
intuitive rules: (i) an actor interacts with another to gain resources and it chooses its interacting partner
according to its experiences on their past collaborations; and (ii) an actor is more likely to migrate to a
location containing many of its interacting partners than a location containing only a few. The simulation
result shows that (i) the distribution of actor’s capital follows a pyramid-like pattern; (ii) an actor having
higher capital tends to interact with others also having higher capital; (iii) an actor having higher capital
tends to have more social interaction across different levels of a social hierarchy; (iv) an actor with lower
capital is likely to be restricted to local social interactions. The above outcomes of the model are
consistent with observations from the survey study. The model thus provides a simple explanation for
complex sociological phenomenon.
Page 102
Abstract
A latent trajectory model for the co-evolution of behaviour and network ties
Johan H. Koskinen
Tom A. Snijders
Methods and Statistics (Lecture)
Statistical Methods, Bayesian Methods, Latent Class/block Models, Multilevel Networks, Siena,
Co-evolution
Ways of accounting for unobserved heterogeneity through various forms of latent class analysis has
attracted a lot of attention. The concept of latent trajectories has proved especially useful in describing
criminal careers in juvenile delinquency. While several exogenous predictors have been shown to be
associated with differing forms of criminal activity there is considerable variability in the ways in which
the careers pan out. To an extent this heterogeneity may be grouped with respect to distinct patterns of
development. When studying the co-evolution of networks and behaviour it is plausible to assume that
the influence and selection processes do not apply equally to all actors – for example some pupils
exhibit antisocial behaviour for a brief period, some rarely if ever, and again some persist in antisocial
behaviour. While such heterogeneity may correspond in part to unobserved attributes it may also be
indicative of emergent groups and norms. We propose a multilevel co-evolution model for taking this
heterogeneity into account and a Bayesian inference scheme for parameter estimation and the
prediction of class membership.
Page 103
Abstract
A multi-level study of interpersonal knowledge sharing: The implication of individual experience
and strength of dyadic ties
Xiumei Zhu
Individual Differences and Social Networks (Lecture)
Eyadic Ties, Tie-strength, Human Capital, Multi-level, Individual Experience, Interpersonal Knowledge
Sharing
Complementing existing literature that has been dominated by a concern for dyadic relationships (e.g.
strength of ties) in shaping interpersonal knowledge sharing, this paper argues that individual prior
experience is also consequential for interpersonal knowledge sharing. This paper investigates the
influence of variety of individual experience (extent to which individuals have experience in different area
of expertise) on ease of knowledge sharing at the dyadic level. Based on Cohen and Leviathan’s (1990)
theory on pre-existing knowledge and new knowledge acquisition, and research on learning from
experience, I hypothesize that (1) variety of individual experience will increase ease of knowledge
sharing, (2) this positive relationship is partially mediated by increased level of dyadic shared
knowledge, and (3) variety of individual experience may function as a substitute for strong ties. Results
from an empirical study in a supply chain solution unit of a technology services company reveals that (1)
variety of individual experience has a significant positive effect on ease of knowledge sharing,
controlling for strength of ties and knowledge similarity at the dyadic level, (2) this relationship is not
mediated by dyadic shared knowledge, and (3) the positive association between strength of ties and
ease of knowledge sharing becomes weaker with an increase in variety of individual experience.
Empirically, this research is among the first to test the influence of variety of experience on knowledge
sharing. Theoretically, this research suggests the importance of a multi-level approach that integrates
individual level factors, relational characteristics, and cross-level interactions in explaining interpersonal
processes.
Page 104
Abstract
A multiple imputation procedure for dealing with non-response based on reciprocity: principles
and simulations
Filip Agneessens
Mark Huisman
Collecting Network Data (Methods) (Lecture)
Reciprocity, Missing Data, Multiple Imputation
Missing data can be a serious problem, especially because the chance that a tie is missing in a network
might be dependent on the relations surrounding that specific tie. When only partial information of that
network is known, or when a poor imputation technique is used, this is likely to result in biased estimates
of the parameters one is interested in, and an underestimation of the uncertainty that exists about the
true effects (i.e. an overestimation of its significance). In this paper we propose the use of multiple
imputation (MI) techniques to counter the biases and correct for the uncertainty that exists as a result of
non-response. Since reciprocity is often an important force in directed networks, a simple way to deal
with non-response problems consists of considering the value of the reverse tie as a source for
imputation. After proposing a MI technique based in the reverse tie, we discuss the benefits and
limitations of using the reverse tie as a source for multiple imputation, and compare it to other
procedures, such as unconditional imputation based on the observed density. We consider the level to
which this approach helps counter biases under different levels of reciprocity and different levels of item
and unit non-response.
Page 105
Abstract
A multiplex approach to the analysis of knowledge networks
Susanna Zaccarin
Domenico De-Stefano
Scientific Networks, Complexity, Inter-organizational Networks, Multiplexity, Inventor Networks
Evidence shows that knowledge transfer from research institutions and/or from universities contributes
to local innovation processes in a variety of ways. Several studies have emphasized that the extent of
innovation diffusion is strongly affected by the structure of the network over which the innovation
processes take place. Most of these studies have taken a simplified view of relationships among actors
by focusing on a single type of ties. However, organizations interact via many links within more complex
relations.
This contribution is aimed to identify the complex structure of relationships that are at the base of
knowledge and innovation diffusion among organizations (innovative firms, academic and research
institutions) on a given context. A multiplex approach will be proposed to account for multiple ties among
members and multiple roles of members within the structure of the knowledge network. Two forms of
knowledge and innovation production will be considered: co-authorship and co-inventions.
A case study of the Trieste area (in the North-East part of Italy), characterized by a very high
concentration of research organizations and by the emerging of a lively sector of firms in R&D activities,
is presented. The embedding of actors in a hierarchical structure (individual researchers, research
teams/organizations and company) will be also considered.
The case study is designed to show how this approach could capture the complexity of interaction
among actors as well as the different roles that actors play within the multiple network structure.
Page 106
Abstract
A second look at the graph theoretic dimensions of informal organizations
Martin G. Everett
David Krackhardt
Mathematical Models (Lecture)
Organizations, Hierarchical Models, Graph Theory
In 1994 Krackhardt proposed four graph theoretic measures which captured the extent to which a
network formed a strict hierarchical structure or in graph terms a connected out-tree. These measures
were connectivity, hierarchy, efficiency and least upper boundedness. A network has all of these
properties if and only if it is an out-tree. However these properties can be relaxed and we show how we
can still have a similar result with less onerous conditions. In addition we look at alternative
characterisations which may capture some of the properties in a more intuitive way.
Page 107
Abstract
A simple approach for community detection in bipartite networks
Yi Liao
Text Analysis, Two-mode Networks, Text Mining, Community Detection
Several approaches have been proposed to detect communities in bipartite networks directly, instead of
mapping bipartite to unipartite networks. Although successful in some test cases, they are not capable
of handling large-scale networks. We propose a simple approach for community detection in bipartite
networks. The proposed approach is based on the idea that link weights play an important role in
community detection, and if link weights are scaled properly, unipartite modularity optimization
techniques can be applied directly on bipartite networks. The proposed approach can handle large scale
networks. And the idea can be extended to multi-partite networks. We apply the algorithm to several real
world networks including networks in text mining.
Page 108
Abstract
A social network approach to recruiting HIV positive drug and sex partners
Carl A. Latkin
Cui Yang
Karin E. Tobin
Amy R. Knowlton
Sex, Drugs, and Social Networks (Lecture)
HIV/STD, Sex Networks, Drug Use
Using a social network approach to recruitment, we analyzed the factors that predicted recruitment of an
HIV seropositive network member by active injection drug users (IDUs). IDUs were asked to bring in
drug and sex network members, whom they delineated on a social network inventory. The mean size of
their personal networks was 10. The 297 index participants recruited 425 networks, of whom 17.3%
were seropositive. The majority of seropositive members were recruited by IDUs who reported no
seropositive risk network members. The strongest predictor of recruiting seropositives was ethnicity,
with African American indexes more than 3 times more likely than others to recruit seropositives. Those
African American indexes who reported that they had no seropositive network members were over 10
times more likely to recruit a seropositive. These results suggest the feasibility to target active drug
users to recruit seropositives and emphasize the public health importance of focusing network
approaches on the networks of African American IDUs.
Page 109
Abstract
AS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS EM AGLOMERADOS DE EMPRESAS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Edgar Reyes-Jr
Maria de L. Borges
Claudio R. Gonçalo
Heitor J. Medina
Trust, Social Network Analysis, Industrial Clusters
Este artigo analisa as relações sociais internas e externas de empresas localizadas em distritos
industriais. Estas relações foram analisadas sob a perspectiva da confiança, a qual considera como
elementos constituintes: as características das pessoas, a continuidade dos processos e aspectos
institucionais. Foram estudadas todas as 53 empresas do setor de curtumes de uma cidade brasileira
que formaram uma rede social com 250 empresas de 6 diferentes países, abrangendo toda a cadeia
coureiro-calçadista. Neste estudo quantitativo foi utilizada a metodologia de análise de redes sociais
que baseada em álgebra matricial permitiu a mensuração de diferentes de relacionamentos. Os
resultados indicam que os principais determinantes da confiança no grupo de empresas investigado
foram as relações processuais e instituicionais; que as relações não comerciais têm maior impacto que
as relações comerciais; que a reputação é o principal componente da confiança baseada em
instituições e que esta é mais dependente das relações de amizade, que das relações comerciais.
Também pode ser identificado que o índice relacional construído para a análise aumenta em função do
aumento do porte da empresa; do tempo de existência da organização; do aumento da escolaridade do
empresário; e da atividade exportadora.
Page 110
Abstract
Accuracy of Cognitive Network Perceptions and their Influence Upon Search Efficacy
Nick Parsons
Tim Kastelle
Jon Heales
Cognitive Social Structures (Lecture)
Data Collection, Cognitive Social Structures, Information Search
An emerging area of research within the Social Network Analysis literature focuses upon the accuracy of
subjects' cognitive perceptions. A second strand focuses upon the importance of organisational search.
This paper brings together both threads of the literature to demonstrate the impact of varying degrees of
accuracy of managers’ cognitive network perceptions upon the efficacy of their search for information
within the organisation. Cognitive network perception data is to be collected from two government
organisations to determine the degree of accuracy of individual managers within the firm using a new
method to efficiently capture cognitive social structure data from large organizational networks. A
subsequent quasi-experiment using unfolding search chains will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of
each manager’s search processes using a search efficacy ratio developed for this study. We expect to
find that managers with more accurate cognitive perceptions will conduct more successful searches,
have shorter search chains, and are able to execute faster searches than managers with less accurate
cognitive perceptions. It is speculated that this is a consequence of managers with more accurate
perceptions being able to identify the people within the organisation who are most likely to provide the
information they need, or know someone who can provide the information. In contrast, managers with
less accurate perceptions will likely have more difficulty in directing their search towards useful people
within the network. The study has important implications for the selection of managers within the
organisation, particularly those within industries where dealing with uncertainty is an important
managerial responsibility.
Page 111
Abstract
Active Surveying for Leadership Identification
Myra Norton
Lise Getoor
Hossam Sharara
Applications, Influentials, Biopharmaceutical Industry
In the comercial space, the question of how to identify true opinion leaders within a given population of
purchasers or decision makers is of great importance. idenitfying these individuals properly leads to
more effective and efficient sales and marketing initiatives. This is true in multiple industries, but we
begin our exploration in the pharmaceutical space, studying the influence networks of physicians relative
to the treatment of specific disease states.
In this work, we show how to combine the use of primary and secondary data for leadership
identification in the pharmaceutical industry. We study primary data describing a physician nomination
network, in which physicians provide survey information describing whose opinion they trust and who
they turn to for advice relative to treating a particular disease state. We view this data together with
secondary data describing publication history (co-authorship and co-citation), gathered from PubMed
and Google Scholar. We show how we can use partial knowledge of nomination data, together with
secondary data, in order to target additional primary data collection via surveys more effectively.
The results of this work provide a model by which minimal primary data is needed to yield accurate
leadership identification. As this type of primary data collection typically requires significant investment,
this finding empowers organizations to tackle this task of proper leadership identification in a much more
effective and efficient manner.
Page 112
Abstract
Activity, closure and brokerage in social network models
Garry Robins
Philippa Pattison
Tom Snijders
Peng Wang
Exponential Random Graph Models, Statistical Models, Brokerage, Transitivity
We describe new specifications for social network statistical models to assist the joint modeling of
network activity, closure and brokerage. Actors in a social network have different levels of network
activity, as expressed through the degree distribution. But activity can take different structural forms. An
ongoing theme in social network theory is the contrast between network closure – the tendency for
closed cyclic and clique-like substructures to form within social networks – and network brokerage – the
propensity for some ties to bridge between these more closed network regions. Burt (2005) argues that
when social capital is optimized, brokerage and closure operate together. Activity and closure processes
in empirical social networks can be well represented using current specifications for exponential random
graph models. But explicit parameterization of brokerage has to date been undeveloped. We introduce
edge-triangle configurations, representing the expression of ties away from closed structures to other
parts of the network. By simulation, we provide examples of different types of network brokerage:
brokerage through hubs or a core of nodes; brokerage distributed across the network through
overlapping group membership; and brokerage through bridging ties. With an empirical example of work
collaboration among managers in a government instrumentality, we show how the combination of
parameters for activity, closure and brokerage can better fit important network characteristics.
Page 113
Abstract
Actors Network and Public Policy for Local e-Government: the case of the District of Évora
(Portugal)
José M. Saragoça
Carlos A. Silva
Joaquim M. Fialho
Information Technologies, Social Network Analysis, Local E-government, E-Democracy,
E-Administration
The paper present the results PhD research in Sociology around the issues of local e-government in
Évora, Portugal. Information technology applied in local government is understood as an instrument of
leverage greater efficiency and transparency in service to "clients" by local government
(e-Administration) and enlargement of the mechanisms of participation (e-participation) of citizens in
democracy through ICT (e-Democracy), including those relating to participation in decision-making.
Through a social network analysis (ARS) as “method” background, we seek to understand how the
formal and informal networks of key players may potentiate the emergence of public policies for the
development of local e-government in the region.
Data gathering was developed through a survey questionnaire administered to the Municipal Councils of
the District of Évora (Alentejo - Portugal), in 2009, and treated with the program UCINET 6.0. The
results enabled us to represent the formal and informal model of local actors network considered to
have a major role in local-government, to identify patterns of interaction in the network and understand
the dynamics of cooperation between them.
Page 114
Abstract
Adolescent Social Networks and Sexual Practices
Wassie K. Reda
Adolescents, Sex Networks, Social Network Analysis
Abstract
This study examines adolescent social networks and sexual practices among ninth-grade students in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Social exchange theory and group socialization theory guide the study. Up to
now, there has been no systematic research in Ethiopia on the relationship between adolescent social
networks and sexual practices. Mixed-methods research guides the study, which consists of two parts.
Study A generated data from survey of 167 respondents. Study B used 10 critical cases to generate
qualitative data. UCINET 6.0 was used to draw social network diagrams, and qualitative data were
transcribed and subjected to content analysis. Friendship, immediate family, extended family
neighborhood, and religious networks are key components of social network analysis. The family
network is the most stable type and the friendship network is the most popular. Adolescent friendship
networks are the primary means for finding sexual partners. Male adolescents equate sexual practices
with self-actualization and adventure, while female adolescents equate sexual practices with love and
emotional attachment. The hypothesized relationships between social network variables and sexual
practices were significant, as were correlations between ages at which respondents’ first watched live
sex and when they first masturbated. Understanding adolescents’ social networks is particularly
important in light of the looming problem of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia and Africa. These findings are also
important for social work and social development interventions.
Key Words: Adolescents, social networks, sexual practices, Ethiopia, Africa
Page 115
Abstract
Advice Networks and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Public Youth-Serving
Systems
Lawrence A. Palinkas
Dahlia Fuentes
Ian W. Holloway
Qiaobing Wu
Patricia Chamberlain
Implementation, Advice Network, Public Organizations, Evidence Based Practices, Children's Services
Background: Relationships among personnel within and between public youth-serving organizations
influence the adoption of new programs and services. Objective: The present study examines the
structure and function of advice networks and their role in helping public youth-serving agency directors
and other program professionals make decisions about whether or not to adopt Multidimensional
Treatment Foster Care (MTFC), an evidence-based practice (EBP) that has been shown to reduce a
variety of negative outcomes for children. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 38 directors and
managers of probation, mental health, and child welfare departments in California counties. A
web-based survey was used to collect data on the structure and attributes of advice networks among 30
study participants. Qualitative and social network data were compared and ultimately combined to best
describe participants’ networks. Results: Advice networks followed county lines; there was little
interagency collaboration despite assertions to the contrary in qualitative interviews. Analysis of social
network and qualitative data demonstrated that systems leaders develop and maintain information and
advice networks based on roles, responsibility, and geography. Advice networks expose agency
personnel to information about EBPs and opportunities to adopt EBPs; networks also influence
decisions to adopt EBPs. Conclusions: Successful implementation of evidence-based practices requires
consideration and utilization of system leaders’ advice networks. Specific attention to the interplay
between organizational structure and advice network structure can be useful in increasing the uptake of
EBPs.
Page 116
Abstract
Aesthetic networks: Meaning structures and peer evaluations in rap music
Jennifer C. Lena
Mark Pachucki
Networks and Culture (Lecture)
Citation Networks, Meaning Networks, Culture, Affiliation Networks, Communities Of Practice
Scholars have used network approaches to index social ties between artists, art forms, or artistic events
(e.g. Anheier, Gerhards, Romo 1995; Giuffre 1999), but have largely overlooked the study of art works.
Art works that share aesthetic conventions reveal social ties of mentorship, imitation, and sub-genre
development (Lena 2004). Recent scholarship has revealed that a structural analysis of these
conventions can illuminate reputation hierarchies built from peer esteem (Lena and Pachucki 2010).
This article builds from that foundation, offering an analysis of meaning structures in rap music over a
twenty-year period (1979-1999), specifically, the evolving affiliation network among Billboard Magazine
charting singles and the “samples” – small snippets of another artist’s song – used within them. While
traditional descriptive measures of network connectivity offer rough insight into the dominant aesthetic
conventions during these years, we innovate a metric of peer recognition based upon one’s position in a
lineage of aesthetic conventions. This has implications for two key sets of ideas. First, we reveal how
particular aesthetic conventions differentially diffuse (or fail to diffuse) through a field over time, shaping
the career structures of their authors. Second, we observe the evolution of cliques which organize
recognition orders. This suggests that a preferential attachment mechanism operates among artists on
the basis of their artistic choices. This is counterintuitive given the premium placed on originality and
innovation in this artistic sphere. While we might reasonably expect the production of "stars" via
collaboration or co-authorship, this indicates the presence of preferential attachment at a micro-cultural
level far below that traditionally recognized by scholars of art worlds.
Page 117
Abstract
Affect-seeking and competence-seeking in task-related ties: Gender differences and
performance effects
Tiziana Casciaro
Intra-Organizational Networks (Lecture)
Intra-organizational Networks, Gender, Affective Ties, Performance
This study concerns the variability in people’s use of affect and competence as criteria for the choice of
work partners. I define “affect-seeking” as a person’s tendency to weigh personal feelings for colleagues
in seeking them out for task-related input. Likewise, I label “competence-seeking” a person’s tendency
to weigh the task competence of colleagues as a criterion to seek them out as work partners. Using
network and performance data on 517 salespeople in a large technology company, I find gender
differences in competence- and affect-seeking behavior, and document their effects on individual
performance.
Page 118
Abstract
After the Crash: The Effects of the 2008-09 Financial Crisis on UK Director Interlocks
Bruce Cronin
Interlocking Directorates (Lecture)
Interlocking Directorates, Inter-organizational Networks, Interfirm Networks, Political Networks, Policy
Networks
The 2008-09 financial crisis comprised a traumatic disruption to financial markets, by many accounts
unprecedented in a century, but also the opening of a seismic faultline through the normal business of
business. Commercial credit seized up, orders collapsed and most firms went into 'survival' mode, while
a minority were exhausted by the frenzied race for opportunties arising from the rubble.
The events posed considerable challenges for corporate governance, with established norms under
severe criticism from regulators, established relationships with major firms and individuals severed
abruptly by financial collapse, complicated by the desires to survive, reduce uncertainties and seize
opportunities. In particular, the events are likely to have had a major impact on the governance norms
and practices across the business community and evident in the structure of directorate interlocks, well
documented by Useem (1994).
Established theory suggests this set of events could be expected to have three principal effects on the
interlock structure. First, fissures in the structure, created by the exit of highly connected or otherwise
central major players, and a general weakening of the effectiveness of the 'corporate scan'. Second, an
expansion in board size, particularly with links to financial institutions, as firms attempted to coopt
resources to compensate for the disruption to funding lines and other sources of uncertainty. Third, in a
contradictory manner decreased and increased executive director activism associated with both the
withdrawal from specifc exposed positions and specific attempts to capitalise on new opportunities
created by the disruption. And fourth, increased executive director activism in political forums, aimed at
securing a regulatory framework less vulnerable to such disruption in the future.
This paper considers evidence with respect to these expectations, examining changes to the structure of
director interlocking in the UK from 2006 to 2009. Utilising a large dataset of 2300 firms with annual
sales exceeding £500m, and their 14,000 directors, social network analytic techniques are used to
examine changes to the the composition of the interlocking core and the network positions of specific
actors, in both inter-firm and inter-personal dimensions. This is supplemented by archival investigation
of corporate political activity in response to the crisis.
The findings are generally consistent with the theoretical expectations, revealing a dramatic disruption to
the network and contraction of the main component, associated with the withdrawal of major players.
Board size expands in a manner consistent with uncertainty reduction and contradictory trends in
executive director activism are apparent at corporate and political levels.
As well as providing and important confirmation of existing theory, the findings have implications for the
understanding of the insitutional dimensions of the cohesiveness of director interlocks and the dynamics
of corporate political activity.
Page 119
Abstract
Alcohol Use among Adolescents as a Coordination Game in a Dynamic Friendship Network
Rense Corten
Andrea Knecht
Simulation, Adolescents, Game Theory, Dynamic Networks
Alcohol abuse among adolescents is associated with delinquency, mental health problems, and
educational problems. Social influence by peer groups has often been found to be one of the important
factors explaining alcohol abuse. Whereas most research on this topic studied only effects of personal
networks of adolescents, we propose a theoretical approach that allows for predictions on effects of the
macrolevel social network structure of a group on average alcohol use in this group. We argue that
using alcohol can be understood as risk-dominant but inefficient behavior in a coordination problem,
given that adolescents face incentives to align their behavior with that of their friends. At the same time,
adolescents are also likely to selectively choose their friends among those who behave similarly.
Accordingly, we propose a game-theoretical model in which actors choose behavior in a repeated
coordination game in a network, and are also allowed to change the network. Specific predictions on
levels of alcohol use as depending on initial network structure are based on computer simulations of this
model. We test the predictions using longitudinal data on alcohol use and friendship choices in school
classes in Dutch high schools. We are able to replicate the predicted “catalyzing” effect of initial network
density on the development of alcohol use: the denser the initial network, the more likely the process will
move further in the direction of the initial tendency. However, the predicted opposing effect of
centralization could not be confirmed.
Page 120
Abstract
Algebraic models of diffusion through a social network
Lucia Falzon
Nectarios Kontoleon
Pip Pattison
Garry Robins
Mathematical Models (Lecture)
Diffusion, Social Network, Algebraic Representation
Social network analysis offers a powerful modelling framework to describe the structure of relations and
interactions among a set of actors or groups. Using the network paradigm, diffusion may be modelled by
letting inter-node links represent channels through which resources, beliefs, diseases etc flow or diffuse
among the network population. Accurate models of diffusion processes must consider the differences
between the various types of diffusion: the process of contagion differs depending on the inherent
nature of the substance being spread as well as the relational and social structures through which the
diffusion is occurring. In order to model and analyse diffusion we need to take time into account in the
construction of viable network paths, i.e. the sequences of nodes and links that do not violate our time
constraint (Moody, 2002). In this paper we present a framework for path algebras to describe network
flows. We develop a representation of operations on relational intervals from previously constructed
composition rules (Pattison et al, 2009). We describe operations based on a particular class of
semirings that enable development of algorithms for viable path construction and discuss initial
representations of different types of flows in this algebraic framework.
Page 121
Abstract
An Empirical Analysis on Social Capital and Enterprise2.0 Participation in a Research Institute
Michela Ferron
Marco Frassoni
Paolo Massa
Maurizio Napolitano
Davide Setti
Academic and Scientific Networks (Lecture)
Organizations, Social Capital, Open Source Floss Software, Factor Market, Web 2.0, Social Networks
Sites
Social capital has been suggested as an important dimension within organizations. Recently many
organizations started deploying internal Social Network Sites (SNS), called Enterprise2.0, to improve
how employees collaborates and work.
We have analyzed the relationship between self-perceived social capital and the use of an SNS in a
research institute. Only 35% of the employees (champions) have access to the close beta. We
conducted a web survey (56% replies out of 652 employees) to collect various dimensions of bonding
and bridging social capital and, for champions, of SNS usage. Using factor analysis and regression
analysis, we found champions have significantly higher social capital than non-champions. Focusing on
champions, social capital correlates with self-reported intensity of SNS usage, while we did not find
statistically significant correlation with real usage, extracted from system logs. We also find relationships
between social capital and different demographic features such as years in FBK, job role, age, gender.
There are few studies analyzing the real impact of SNSs on employees ability to collaborate. We believe
more work is needed in this area so we released the SNS we developed as Open Source, aiming to
promote its adoption by other organizations. We also released the dataset we collected in this analysis
for comparative purposes.
Page 122
Abstract
An Examination of the Global Hyperlink Network: Adjustment through Cracking .COM
George A. Barnett
Chung J. Chung
Han W. Park
International Networks, Communication Networks, Communication Technology, Internet/www,
Hyperlinks
An important issue that remains unresolved in research on the international telecommunication network
is how imperfect spatial information may inadvertently alter the perceived structure of the network. One
example in telecommunication research is the international hyperlink network that excludes the
ubiquitous .com. Traditionally, research examining the international Internet has not included gTLD
(generic Top Level Domains). The excluded .com, sites represent more than ten times the hyperlinks
than the greatest number of links between any two countries. The reason for not including .com is
probably due to the ease of data mining the relations among ccTLDs (country Top Level Domains), and
the difficulty in cracking (decomposing) gTLD hyperlinks, that is determining in which countries these
websites reside and who uses these sites. Based on the assumption that decomposing .com leads to a
more accurate description of the international hyperlink structure, this research investigates an adjusted
hyperlink network using data from Alexa.com on the percentage of Internet users from 87 countries for
the 110 most frequently visited .com websites. When compared to the hyperlink network excluding the
.com data, the adjusted hyperlink network shows significant changes in the overall structure. For
example, the United States’s centrality increased dramatically, its indegree centrality more than tripled
and its outdegree centrality increased 30 times. Overall, the global hyperlink network is more precisely
defined through “cracking” or “decomposing” .com and including these links in the description of the
network.
Page 123
Abstract
An Invisible Hand: Social Capital and Health Information Search
Lijun Song
Tian-Yun Chang
Social Networks and Health (Lecture)
Social Capital, Information Search
Social capital is resources embedded in social networks. Its direct positive effect on physical and mental
health has been documented, but there is little attention to the mechanisms through which social capital
protects health. This study argues that social capital indirectly influences health through its contribution
to the health information search process. Using the 2004 General Social Survey data, this study
examines the effect of social capital on multiple forms of health information search. Using the name
generator, we measure social capital as the average educational level of network members. We find that
social capital is positively associated with the frequency of health information search, the frequency of
health information search from daily newspapers, the frequency of health information from
general-interest magazines, the frequency of health information search from medical professionals, and
the frequency of health information search from the internet. These results demonstrate the importance
of social capital as an invisible hand in the social production of health.
Page 124
Abstract
An agent-based model of competitive diffusion: network structure and coexistence
Giovanni Pegoretti
Francesco Rentocchini
Giuseppe V. Marzetti
Innovation and Diffusion (Lecture)
Network Theory, Simulation, Innovation
The increasing interest spanned by important developments in graph theory (or network analysis) in
recent years (Watts and Strogatz, 1998; Barabasi and Bonabeau, 2003; Kleinberg, 2000) is at the core
of the plethora of contributions in social sciences as well. Although the latter has been implemented in
several streams of the social science literature, its application has been particularly successful in a set
of well defined areas, among which game theory (Jackson and Wolinsky, 1996) and economics of
innovation are worth noticing for the promising works that have been put forward. Among the others, in
line with the pioneering work proposed by Watts and Strogatz (1998), particular interest has been
devoted to the study of how network structure influences a set of chosen variables assuming constant
overall network density. As for economics of innovation, much of the attention has been devoted to
knowledge creation and diffusion. In particular, main contributions concentrated on how different
patterns of knowledge diffusion tend to arise according the network structure of agents. Along this line of
enquire, theoretical contributions have modelled the issue in two different ways: on the one side,
knowledge transfer has been seen as a barter between two different agents which trade \knowledge for
knowledge" (Cowan and Jonard, 2004). The main model result is that small world structure is found to
be the most efficient one, in the sense that the level of average knowledge is maximal. On the other
side, knowledge can be thought to be broadcasted by innovators to the respective neighbours (Cowan
and Jonard, 2003). In this case, small world is found to be the most efficient structure particularly when
absorptive capacity is low, while with high absorptive capacity short path length are more valuable thus
implying randomness as the most efficient structure of the network.
In parallel to the above mentioned line of research, an increasing effort has been lately put by the
literature in developing models, mainly relying on physics of fluids, able to give an account of diffusion
as a stochastic process of percolation in a \grid" (Frenken et al., 2008; Hohnisch et al., 2008; Delre et
al., 2009).
A particularly innovative contribution is the one from Delre et al. (2007), who fruitfully integrates the
literature on innovation diffusion (taking into consideration both epidemic and threshold models) with
marketing literature dealing with the diffusion of products in fashionable markets where social influence
is extremely important. In particular, Delre et al. (2007) models both individual agents' preferences
(Chatterjee and Eliashberg, 1990) and network externalities arising from word-of-mouth processes
providing, in this way, a description of the diffusion process of a single product.
Although the literature on the topic seems to be extremely rich, an interesting aspect to be still properly
addressed deals with the analysis of the role played by network structure in the process of competition
between product innovations. Our work aims exactly at filling this gap. To start with, we will concentrate
our attention on how network structure can influence the dynamics of competition of two product
innovations. In particular, our main aim will be to show how network externalities (David, 1985; Katz and
Shapiro, 1994) are likely to produce different results according to the structure of the network under
exam. We will characterize the structure of the network on the grounds of two standard measures clustering coefficient and characteristic path length - and, implementing Watts and Strogatz's (1998)
routine in Laboratory for Simulation Development (LSD), we develop an agent-based model able to
address the issue at stake. In particular, four main specifications of the model are put forward: (i) a
baseline model where only network effects are taken into consideration; (ii) a second specification adds
both static and dynamic economies of scale; (iii) the third one takes into account the role of economies
of learning by incorporating switching costs and (iv) the last model comprehends the issue of lead-lag
Page 125
Abstract
time in product introduction into the market.
By running numerical simulation, we are able to provide some insightful qualitative results. First of all,
we find that while clustering matters to reach the coexistence in the market of both technologies, the
small-world network structure is irrelevant for such a result to be obtained.
Second, the more important economies of scale, the less probable coexistence turns out to be.
Moreover, in this case the highest levels of coexistence are found close to the small-world and the result
is interpreted in terms of p-cohesiveness, i.e. the extent of protection that each possible subset of nodes
is experiencing in the network.
Third, by introducing the switching costs the probability of coexistence of both products in the market
decreases considerably. Furthermore, the effect of switching costs is higher in networks with high
clustering where local network effects provide a barrier to the displacement of one product at early
steps.
Finally, when the relationship between the probability of coexistence and network structure under
different time lags of product introduction is investigated, the small world architecture experiences a
lower probability of coexistence than the neighbouring parameter space. This result is likely to be driven
from the fact that the speed of diffusion is maximal in a small world (Del Re et. al., 2007).
Page 126
Abstract
An examination of tacit knowledge networks in a Colombian construction project: communities
of practice and project culture
Monica F. Gomez-Soto
Stephen Pryke
Knowledge and Learning Networks (Lecture)
Reciprocity, Centrality, Ego-centered Networks, Social Network Analysis, Communities Of Practice,
Tacit Knowledge
Project-based organisations are effective forms of knowledge production for all their members. In the
case of construction companies, operative levels nourish their knowledge through experience across
different organisations that are dedicated to the same activity, as well as attending different technical
training institutions where they train to become further skilled.
The study sought to examine the network of principal cause-effect interactions between the members of
a Colombian construction project focussing on the nature and characteristics of knowledge exchange
between site operatives. The research project dealt with interactions and socialisation activities and the
way in which these activities supported the development of operative skills.
Social network analysis (SNA) was used to observe the communities of practice (COP) and their
influence on operatives. Some networks function through the transmission of explicit knowledge to
operatives that is later transformed into tacit knowledge (TK). Other networks provide working
environments where TK is developed and practiced with other members. The SNA provides
demonstrations of centrality, ego analysis as well as reciprocal ties, confirming the different relationships
found in different relational flows. This method demonstrates that COPs not only influence operatives,
they also influence co-workers within the project and facilitate other, less central operative actors, to
acquire TK.
Page 127
Abstract
An exponential random graph (p*) modelling framework for affiliation networks
Peng Wang
Garry Robins
Philippa Pattison
Exponential random graph (p*) models (ergm) provide a flexible framework for modelling network
structures using various local configurations or graph statistics. For affiliation networks where more than
one set of nodes are involved, some ergm specifications have been proposed for single networks (e.g.
Skvoretz & Faust, 1999; Wang et al, 2009). However, most of the ergms proposed to date provide good
fits to small bipartite networks only, exhibiting model degeneracy in many larger networks. In this paper,
we review some recent developments in ergms for affiliation networks, and outline a number of
generalisations designed to address existing limitations. These include the development of models for
more complex data structures, and a hierarchy of tie-variable dependence assumptions that provides
theoretical support for the inclusion of graph statistics of increasing complexity. We illustrate these
developments with several examples.
Page 128
Abstract
Analyses of Industrial Affinity in Networks of Patents and Transaction
Hiroyasu Inoue
Innovation and Diffusion (Poster)
Firms always repeat the process inventing new goods and services and then distributing them. In the
process, we simply realize inventing precedes distributing. However, any goods and services are
basically invented for customers. Hence, the invention is affected by the distribution, despite preceding
it. We can see a typical case in the automobile industry. In the industry, a subcontracting firm often
creates and sells parts specific to its customers. This means an invention does not occur if there is no
business between the two firms. These industries are called integral type industries. On the other hand,
modular type industries do not show the relationship between invention and distribution.
In this study, I investigated a network based on 807,727 firms in Japan. The network had
industries as nodes and relations of invention and distribution as links. Therefore, the network was a
multi-layered network.
As a result, it was revealed which industries take a strong position in invention or distribution and which
industries are modular or integral types. These results show which part of the process, innovation or
distribution should be invested by policies.
Page 129
Abstract
Analysing extended household and family networks
Walter Bien
Pötter Ulrich
Prein Gerald
Kinship network analysis (Lecture)
Kinship Networks, Ego-centered Networks
Based on a recent large-scale survey in Germany ("Aufwachsen in Deutschland: Alltagswelten2 2009),
household and family networks will be analysed. A special feature of this data set is hat it identifies both
egocentred family networks as well as information on household composition and possibly partners and
children outside the household. From this information, we reconstruct the topology of networks. A
typology of networks is based on this basic topology as well as on information about distances between
dwellings of non-household members and contact density.
While distributions of household-based networks can easily be achieved, the distribution of family or
extended household networks is much more difficult to estimate. We present preliminary results for
Germany using methods from set-valued analysis.
Page 130
Abstract
Analysis of Communications and Decision-making Networks in North American Quitlines
Scott J. Leischow
Keith Provan
Jonathan E. Beagles
Jessie Saul
Gregg Moor
Communication Networks, Centrality, Public Health, Affiliation Networks, Behavioral Networks, Evidence
Based Practices
The KIQNIC study is designed to better understand the network and communications mechanisms by
which stakeholders in the North American Quitline Consortium (NAQC), especially state/provincial-lev el
funders and service providers/vendors, interact, share new knowledge, make decisions about how and
when to implement new knowledge, and actually adopt practices that they believe will improve quitline
outcomes. The KIQNIC research team developed a survey in consultation with NAQC members to
collect data about network relationships between quitline organizations, decision-making processes, the
implementation of quitline practices, and learning organization characteristics from each of the
organizations responsible for funding and implementation of the 63 quitlines in North America. The
survey was launched in Summer 2009, and at this point we have completed preliminary work on the
network analysis utilizing UCINET VI. Results will be presented to demonstrate the patterns of
relationships among the 62 quitlines and among the 86 quitline component organizations; namely,
funders, providers, and the NAQC As a participatory research project, NAQC members collaborated,
and are continuing to collaborate, with the KIQNIC research team to ensure that study results reflect
actual quitline practices and behaviors.
Page 131
Abstract
Analysis of Fide network of chess players
Kristijan Breznik
Vladimir Batagelj
Networks and Sports (Lecture)
Chess, Data Collection, Event Data, Community Structure, Spatial Analysis, Pajek
At the Fide (world chess federation) web site data on the results
of games and tournaments are available; from January 2008 on the
single game level. From these data some (temporal) networks can be
obtained. Additional data about chess players (rating, age, gender,
country, title, ...) are also available.
Collecting the data we run in to some problems: there exist different
players with the same name; the same player is entered into the
Fide base under different names (different writting, typos);
some players passed away during the time of analysis and they are no
longer in Fide base of players; for some unknown reason Fide also
does not publish Elo ratings for players from several countries; etc.
We discuss some approaches how to deal with these problems and
produce consistent data sets.
Some chess players presume that the best players of the world
are almost exclusively playing between themselves, avoiding
to play against low rated opponents in order to keep their high
Elo chess rating - they mainly play in closed, also called berger,
tournaments. Another interesting question is how much the result of
the game depends on the color of pieces. It is obviously harder
to win a chess game with black pieces, but in the Elo system
this is not considered in evaluation of the result.
In the paper we deal with these and some other similar questions
on the basis of data from Fide base using network analysis.
The programs for collecting the data from the Fide web site
and producing networks were written in R. For analysis of
networks we used Pajek.
Page 132
Abstract
Analysis of Friendship Network Using Attendance Records to Lecture Classes
Hiroshi Matsushima
Shogo Kadosaka
Shuhei Yamamoto
Nobuhiro Inuzuka
Friendship networks (Lecture)
Statistical Methods, Evolution, Friendship Formation, Friendship Network
We have investigated a method to predict friendship relation among students by using data of
attendance records to lecture classes, where we assume an automatic collection mechanism of
attendance records using ID-cards with wireless tag function held by every student and card readers
equipped in every entrance of lecture rooms. The method is based on an observation that friend
students have similar patterns of attendance and provides a score of the degree that two students can
be guess as friends. The score is defined based on a statistical model constructed from the data and
results of questionnaires to a small part of students, the questionnaires in which we asked to answer
their friends. Then the friendship relation forms a friendship network. We have collected attendance data
of 6000 students for three years and it let us possible to observe friendship network among students and
changes of the network through the period. We have observed characteristic of the network, roles of
each students in the network, and evolution of the network and these properties through the period. We
expect to discuss with people from wide areas sharing our interest.
Page 133
Abstract
Analysis of exchange networks of the Copenhagen Climate Conference
Frans N. Stokman
Jacob Dijkstra
Reinier Van-Oosten
Academic and Scientific Networks II (Lecture)
Exchange, International Networks, Political Networks, Decision-making Structures
In the paper we report the exchange networks of the Copenhagen Climate Conference, based on the
positions and salience of the main stakeholders at the Conference on seven major issues.
We analyse the exchanges that are to be expected and the externalities of these exchanges for the
other stakeholders. We conclude that the interests of the main stakeholders (countries and country
groups) do not align sufficiently to generate a unanimous outcome. Moreover, we compare an analysis
of all exchanges with analyses of exchanges that do not generate negative externalities for other
stakeholders.
Page 134
Abstract
Analyzing Patterns of Entrepreneurs’ Online Social Network: a Longitudinal Study with Linkedin
Yang Song
Tsvi Vinig
Online Networks (Lecture)
Online Networks, Enterpreneurs
Online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Myspace are becoming increasingly
important for people to interact with each other, in particular it also becomes one of the most important
ways for entrepreneurs to design their business plans, find business partners, and propagate new
ventures, products, services and technologies. This study focuses on the pattern and structure of
entrepreneurs’ online social network. In order to track entrepreneurs’ social network, we got the
authentication from Linkedin and included Linkedin API on our own survey website to obtain
entrepreneurs’ profiles and connection information. The network data can be only achieved when we get
the approval from entrepreneurs. The network we will analyze originates from 4 entrepreneurs in the
Netherlands. Each entrepreneur has more than 100 connections. Of all these connections, we aim to
get 2-steps depth into each entrepreneur’s network. We try to uncover the role of different entrepreneurs
within the structure role of the whole network as well as the influences on entrepreneurial performance
caused by online network and the access it provides to resources.
By analyzing the structure of entrepreneurs’ online social network structure, our research implicates that
we can infer human behavior from social network through automatically collected online networking data
in the future. We will be able to study entrepreneurship through a large amount of longitudinal online
social network data. However, one of the limitations of this research is that we couldn’t predict whether
the connections will maintain after two entrepreneurs are connected with each other. We can only check
how the network ties and nodes growing but not the break of the connections.
Page 135
Abstract
Analyzing Political Networks using Newswire Services as Data
Christian Hirschi
Dynamic Network Analysis, Text Analysis, Event Data, Political Networks
Despite the quite frequent use of a network approach to study political processes, formal network
analyses of policy processes remain often static due to data restrictions. A very labor intense gathering
of primary network data (e.g., by conducting interviews) and the lack of readily available secondary data
limit the number of time points that can be included in the analysis dramatically.
In this paper, I will demonstrate how electronic newswire services (such as Thomson Reuters or Agence
France Presse) can be used to generate network data almost in real time – resulting in systematically
coded interactions between political actors over time. The idea of combining dyadic political event data
and network analysis is not new (e.g., Brandes et al. 2006&2009). However, previous work has mainly
focused on analyzing event data using existing data sets created for non-network studies, mostly from
the field of conflict analysis.
This paper, on the other hand, will show how event data coding can be adapted to the coding of primary
network data. The international politics of global climate change serves as a demonstration case. The
interaction patterns between the involved international actors will be coded using the Kansas Event Data
System (KEDS) and news stories obtained from Agence France Presse (AFP). The event-type
interaction patterns between the various actors can then be analyzed over time, e.g., using SIENA.
Page 136
Abstract
Anatomy of a Dark Network: Network Analysis of an Organized Crime Network
Naim Kapucu
Fatih Demiroz
Criminals, Gangs, Terrorists, and Networks (Lecture)
Network Analysis, Terrorism, Ucinet, Content Analysis, Dark Networks, Crime Networks
Administrative entities in governance system are subject to several criticisms which usually refer to lack
of values like transparency, accountability, rule of law, and participation. Waste, abuse, and corruption
are the primary consequences of the lack of these norms in governmental systems. Turkey had had
several successful and unsuccessful coup d'état in its short history. Lack of transparency and
accountability in the governmental system create safe havens for corrupt officials which also inhibits
judicial system’s ability and willingness to judge/try criminals. However, this trend has been changed last
decade. Increasing demand for more democracy, transparency, and accountability brought new
developments to the country. Turkey is currently experiencing a lawsuit called Ergenekon Armed
Terrorist Organization (ETO) case. ETO is a Gladio type structure that played undeniable role in last
several decades of Turkey. The lawsuit charges government officials from both military and nonmilitary
bureaucracy, media, academia, and political organizations with attempting to overthrow the government,
committing assassinations, drug trafficking, and corruption. This study examines how people from
different backgrounds form these organized crime networks? How effective communication and
coordination established among members? How these networks sustained? Public court documents are
used as source of data for the study. UCINET software program is used in analyzing the data collected
using content analysis of court documents.
Page 137
Abstract
Análise de Redes Sociais na Internet
Ines A. Amaral
Helena Sousa
Social Networks On The Web, Tagging, Social Network Analysis, Twitter, Portuguese Language, Social
Media
No presente artigo apresentamos uma proposta de modelo de análise de redes sociais na Internet
recorrendo à lógica dos sistemas de tagging. O objecto de estudo são micro-redes sociais (sinónimo de
redes temáticas que fazem parte de uma escala macro, que definimos com base no sistema de
suporte) que se estabelecem numa plataforma de micro-blogging em torno de acontecimentos que
ocorreram durante o ano de 2009 e tiveram impacto à escala global.
Este trabalho enquadra-se no âmbito de um projecto de doutoramento em curso cuja proposta é a de
equacionar o panorama sócio-comunicacional à luz do actual paradigma, conceptualizando o papel das
redes sociais neste contexto, construindo uma problemática e contribuindo para um quadro teórico com
reflexões sobre e se as ferramentas de interacção mediada por computador influenciam a sociabilidade
desterritorializada que opera no ciberespaço, e encerra em si a capacidade de influenciar directamente
o mundo offline (a nível colectivo e individual; nos contextos social, cultural e político). Por se tratar de
um trabalho em desenvolvimento, neste artigo pretendemos discutir uma proposta de metodologia,
relacionando a perspectiva das Ciências da Comunicação com a Análise de Redes Sociais.
Page 138
Abstract
Applying P* to 32 Real World Social Networks to Better Understand the Determinants of a
Connection Social Choice: Applying P* to 32 Real World Social Networks to Better Understand
the Determinants of a Connection
Derek K. Stafford
Douglas A. Hughes
Community (Lecture)
Diffusion, Reciprocity, Large-scale Networks, P*, P*
P* Markov Chain logistic regression models have been used to quantitatively assess the effectiveness
of structural tendencies on the likelihood of connections being present or absent. In the rural areas of a
Central American country, we conducted network analyses of 32 geographically isolated towns
comprised of nearly 5000 respondents. We collected censuses information of these towns, collecting an
average population response rate of 87%, and built a new computer program (Netrik) for collecting this
data that significantly reduces measurement error from the relational questions by using the pictures of
people for cross identification. Using the P*, this paper examines the overall structures of 32 separate
networks using each town as a separate unit of analysis for the likely structural tendencies of similar
rural communities , including how standard demographic attributes and attitudes shape the determinants
of a connection.
Page 139
Abstract
Are Facebook friends real friends? The role Facebook friends play in people’s social support
networks
Andraz Petrovcic
Vasja Vehovar
Gregor Petric
Online Social Networks (Lecture)
Social Support, Egocentic Networks, Internet/www, Social Networks Sites, Friendship
It is often argued that the rise of social network sites has changed the way people perceive and
understand the social affordances of the web in terms of social connectivity. In contrast with the early
days of the Internet when the bulletin boards systems, the Usenet and web forum platforms were seen
as virtual domains that allowed people, who shared similar interests, but didn't know each other before,
to meet and exchange their experience online, social network sites have given to their users the
opportunity to publicly articulate their existing personal networks and keep up with their offline social
ties, including family members, acquaintances, friends, workmates etc. Recently, the research that has
investigated the characteristics of these publicly articulated networks confirmed such trends by drawing
on the notions of social capital or by analyzing the strength of online ties that appear on the people's
friend lists. By focusing on Facebook various studies showed that Facebook friends help people to
leverage bonding social capital (Steinfield et al., 2008), connect persons with similar tastes and social
backgrounds (Lewis et al., 2008), or to put it short, augment strong social ties (Gilbert and Karahalios,
2009). Although these studies provide an informative insight into the structural characteristics of people
online social connectivity, they tell us little about the role Facebook friends play in people’s personal
networks which provide enduring and reliable social support. There are two main reasons for that. On
one hand, as boyd and Hogan (2009) underline Facebook friend lists cannot be understood as personal
networks but as publicly articulated networks that are derived from a deliberative process of public
articulation. On the other hand, these studies have a low generalizability since they are mainly focused
on youth population not covering other cohorts that nowadays use Facebook on a daily basis.
The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the current debate about structural relations between
publicly articulated online networks and personal networks, and in particular to understand the role
Facebook friends have in people’s personal networks as well as whether the presence of such
friendships in people’s personal networks has an impact on the availability of different kinds of social
support. Drawing on a nation-wide survey, carried out on an representative sample of Slovenians in
December 2009 and designed to measure three types of egocentered networks the paper seeks to
provide an answer to the following research questions: (1) How many members of egos’ personal
networks are also their Facebook friends? (2) Is there any difference in the proportion of Facebook
friends between different types of social support networks? (3) Do egos with larger proportions of
Facebook friends among their alters have larger personal networks? (4) What are the personal
characteristics of Facebook friends in terms of tie strength, social support provision, age, gender, social
roles, tie duration, and geographical distance? (5) How often egos meet their Facebook friends
in-person and how often they keep up with them through information-communic ation technology (i.e.,
mobile and stationary phones, short text messages, email, skype and instant messenger)? (6) Is the
presence and proportion of Facebook friends in different kinds of personal networks related to the ego’s
socio-demographic characteristics?
References
boyd, d. m., hogan, b., 2009. Would the real social network please stand up? Available at:
http://www.zephoria. org/thoughts/archive s/2009/07/28/would_t he_real.html, accessed 19.1.2009.
Page 140
Abstract
Gilbert, E., Karahalios, K., 2009. Predicting tie strength with social media. In: Proceedings of the 27th
international conference on Human factors in computing systems. ACM, New York, NY, pp. 211-220.
Lewis, K., Kaufman, J., Gonzalez, M., Wimmer, A., Christakis, N., 2008. Tastes, ties, and time: a new
social network dataset using Facebook.com. Social Networks 30, 330-342.
Steinfield, C., Ellison, N., & Lampe, C., 2008. Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social
network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 29,
434−445.
Page 141
Abstract
As long as they are happy you don’t need to improve. / If it ain’t broke, don’t collaborate
Jens M. Pedersen
Jacob W. Sørensen
Networks in Education (Lecture)
Network Analysis, Communication Networks, Education, Schools, Management
In times were the fundamental set of values within the Danish school sector is increasingly challenged
and questioned by experts this paper aims to provide a new view on school management. This paper
examines and collaboration among 227 employees within the Danish school sector. Time is often said to
be the scarcest resource, but our research suggests that more than 30% of all work related relations are
perceived as being unimportant. This is astounding taking into consideration that the management
mantra – in public schools as indeed organizations in general - over the recent years has been ‘more
and more collaboration’. The main findings indicate that the culture in the school sector hasn’t changed
according to the implementation of new management tools and objectives. Teaching can basically be
carried out without any interference from and sparring with colleagues. Why then share knowledge and
experience at all? Is it in the end the pupils’ bad behavior that knits the school organization together?
Page 142
Abstract
Assembling the puzzle for promoting physical activity in Brazil: a social network analysis
Diana C. Parra
Marsela Dauti
Ross C. Brownson
Jenine Harris
International Networks (Poster)
Collaboration, Social Network Analysis, Partnerships, Physical Activity, Exercise
Background. Physical inactivity is a significant public health problem in Brazil that may be addressed by
partnerships and networks. In conjunction with Project GUIA (Guide for Useful Interventions for Physical
Activity in Brazil and Latin America), the aim of this study was to conduct a social network analysis of
physical activity in Brazil.
Methods. An on-line survey was completed by 28 of 35 organizations contacted from December 2008
through March 2009. Network analytic methods examined measures of collaboration, importance,
leadership, and attributes of the respondent and organization.
Results. Leadership nominations for organizations studied ranged from 0 to 23. Positive predictors of
collaboration included: being from the south region of Brazil, being a GUIA member organization,
number of years working in physical activity, and being from the research, education, and
promotion/practice areas of physical activity. The most frequently reported barrier to collaboration was
bureaucracy.
Conclusion. Social network analysis identified factors that are likely to improve collaboration among
organizations in Brazil. The present study contributes to our understanding of the predictors of
collaboration between organizations and will inform strategic planning efforts to address gaps and
identify opportunities to expand evidence-based interventions to promote physical activity.
Page 143
Abstract
Assessing Respondent-Driven Sampling in the estimation of STDs prevalence in populations
structured in complex networks
Elizabeth M. De-Albuquerque
Cláudia T. Codeço
Francisco I. Bastos
Sampling, Simulation, Prevalence Estimation, Network Models, Respondent-driven Sampling
Several factors may hamper the characterization of a population. When the sampling frame of a
population cannot be defined - either because it requires expensive/time-consu ming procedures or
targets a stigmatized or illegal behavior that may compromise the identification of potential interviewees
-, traditional sampling methods could not be applied. The latter populations are called “hidden
populations”, and include men who have sex with men (MSM), sexual workers and drug users. Here, we
focused on Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), a snowball sampling method, with subsequent
weighting, originally proposed by Heckathorn.
The aim of this work was to assess the behavior of prevalence estimators using RDS data in scenarios
of populations organized in complex structures, i.e. different combinations of social networks structures
and disease spreading patterns. We used simulation models parameterized after empirical data from a
RDS study conducted in Brazil on MSM. Three aspects were considered: the time elapsed before
obtaining the desired sample size; the accuracy of the estimates without taking in consideration the
weighting strategies; and the weighting strategy itself. Overall, RDS performed well, showing it is a valid
strategy to assess hidden populations, but the need to analyze the underlying network structures and
patterns of disease spread should not be minimized. Additional simulations will be carried out profiting
from a large empirical study on 3,500 drug users.
Page 144
Abstract
Assessing Social Support Networks in Cross-National Comparative Surveys: Measurement
Issues
Tina Kogovsek
Valentina Hlebec
Social Support, Data Collection, Network Composition, Role Relation Approach, Name Generator
Approach
Social support networks can be measured in many different ways. Each approach has specific
advantages and disadvantages and each of them may be useful and appropriate for specific research
purposes. It could be argued that the name generator approach probably produces the most complete,
broadly ranging and substantively rich data about one's social network. It asks of a respondent directly
to name actual persons in his/her network, which is often done without limitations (e.g., as to the number
of people that may be named, time frame and so on). Usually also a broad range of other information is
collected about the obtained network members (e.g., type of relationship, strength of tie, network
members' personal characteristics and so on). Therefore, also relatively accurate estimates and
interpretively rich information about network characteristics, such as network composition, structure etc.,
are possible. On the other hand, such network data collection may be quite burdensome for the
respondents, especially in the case of rather large networks. In contrast, role relation approach, where
network members are represented only as role relationships and typically, only the first two important
persons are obtained and that with the help of a showcard with possible role relations listed, is cheaper,
simpler to administer and less burdensome for respondents. On the other hand, owing to the specific
response format, less precise information on network members is obtained and therefore, estimation of
different network characteristics is limited.
Both approaches, the name generator and the role relation approach, are used individually or in
combination in large substantive studies (e.g., International Social Survey Programme, General Social
Survey, Generations and Gender Programme, European Quality of Life Survey). This raises a number
of questions about comparability of results, biases, limitations and so on among those studies.
Additionally, there are differences between the two approaches in costs and benefits, respondent
burden, measurement instrument characteristics and complexity of implementation, which are, again,
important issues in large studies.
In this paper, results of two experiments, designed to compare the quality of measured social support
network using the name generator approach and two versions of the role relation approach are
presented. Implications for comparability of results are presented and discussed.
Page 145
Abstract
Assessing and Correcting Time Heterogeneous Parameterizations in Stochastic Actor Based
Models
Josh Lospinoso
Tom Snijders
Analyzing Network Data (Methods) (Lecture)
Statistical Methods, Longitudinal, Statistical Models
This paper illustrates the potentially serious effects of ignoring time heterogeneity in stochastic
actor-based models (SABM) proposed by Snijders (2001). SABMs provide a flexible framework for
network dynamics which allow a researcher to test selection, influence, behavioral, and structural
properties in network data over time. We show through simulation study that failing to parameterize
temporal shifts in these effects can cause bias in both the estimates and their standard errors. Because
higher order models incorporating time heterogeneity can require substantial computation time, it would
incur quite a burden on researchers to require fitting a fully saturated model. Accordingly, the
forward-selecting score type test proposed by Schweinberger (2006) is employed to quickly assess
heterogeneity. One step estimates are employed to assess the magnitude of the heterogeneity.
Simulation studies are conducted to establish the validity of this approach. Cardiff University's ASSIST
dataset (2005) with known time heterogeneity properties is analyzed using this approach. These tools
are implemented in the RSiena package, and a brief tutorial using the ASSIST dataset is provided for
illustrative purposes.
Page 146
Abstract
Assessing the Investment Strategies of Venture Capitals in Silicon Valley by analyzing
co-investing network
Naoki Shibata
Kiminori Gemba
Ichiro Sakata
Entrepreneurial Networks (Lecture)
Centrality, Innovation Networks, Social Network Analysis
The ecosystem of Silicon Valley is so unique and dynamic for innovations that it's difficult to be
understood by outsiders. Especially it is well-known that the direct-investing ecosystem around venture
capitals (VCs) is the one of the most unique characteristics in Silicon Valley.
In this paper, we extract the investment strategies of VCs in Silicon Valley by analyzing co-investing
network. We collect the investment data from CrunchBase, one of the most comprehensive publicly
available database on Web-related start-ups funding. With these data, we construct the co-investing
network regarding a VC as a node and co-investment as a link. (If VC A and B invest the same startup,
there is a link between them.) After constructing co-investing network, two topological measurements,
clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality, are calculated for each node in order to analyze the
investment strategies.
The analysis of two centralities indicates that the most of top thirty VCs according to the accumulated
amount of invested money walk the royal load. These have large clustering coefficient and large
betweenness centrality. They tend to pioneer and create trends by leading investments and involving
other VCs. However, there are three VCs with unique strategies. They have also large betweenness
centrality but small clustering coefficient. They seem to dominate the investments toward a certain
startup since they do not invest by large groups but with fewer VCs. Our co-investing analysis of VCs
can contribute to assess the ecosystem in Silicon Valley by revealing the strategies of VCs.
Page 147
Abstract
Attention Networks among Members of Congress
Ines Mergel
Jana Diesner
Kathleen M. Carley
The 2008 election campaign in the U.S. demonstrated to the public that political leaders have started to
adopt a broad range of social networking services for communication, civic engagement, and mostly for
self-marketing purposes. One type of these services is micro-blogging, which facilitates the real-time
dissemination of short pieces of information to create public conversations. In this study we focus on the
usage of micro-blogging by a particular group of people, namely the members of the U.S. Congress. By
using a multi-method approach that combines social network analysis of the 144 Members of Congress
(MoC) who engage in micro-blogging through the Twitter.com service, qualitative text analysis in a
grounded theory fashion, and automated semantic analyses of the disseminated messages, we address
the following questions: For what purposes are MoC primarily using micro-blogging? What key topics
emerge as central themes among what groups of MoC?
Our preliminary findings indicate that from a usage pattern point of view, MoC utilize Twitter as a
one-directional channel for announcing meetings, promoting their webpages, and referring to press
releases in order to push current issues – all of which function as ways to control individual impression
management. Beyond that, our preliminary text analysis results suggest that MoC not only frame
sensitive yet controversial topics such as the health insurance reform and the “You Lie” outburst by
Representative Joe Wilson, but also started to use micro-blogging as a mechanism to socialize their
messages by creating attention networks around issues they are passionate about. Attention networks
aim to capture who people are referring to, but also who mentions them in their messages.
Page 148
Abstract
Augmenting Microblog Search with Social Authority Ranking
Rinkesh Nagmoti
Ankur Teredesai
Martine Decock
Social Influence, Twitter
Extracting and using link information to power microblog social search in applications such as Twitter is
a challenge for both the Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the Information Retrieval (IR) communities.
Key issues being the volume of microblog data generated every hour/day, the dynamism in the
underlying social network, and the variety of topics discussed. Limited applicability of traditional IR
methods has currently restricted Twitter search to rely primarily on content based (limited # of tweets)
and chronological (past hour/day) search interfaces. In this talk we propose approaches to improve the
quality of microblog search by augmenting it with the notion of social authority derived from the
underlying social network. We develop several ranking operators to rank authors on Twitter (Twitter
users who author messages on Twitter).
The authority ranking algorithms we develop are based on the status of an author within Twitter’s social
network. Since, it is equally challenging to evaluate authority ranking algorithms in absence of any
baseline ranking strategy for microblogs we developed two new methods for relative comparison of the
ranking algorithms. . We will demonstrate these and also showcase a Twitter search web tool built over
the Twitter API, which allows us to evaluate the various authority ranking algorithms. The performance
evaluation based on the data collected with this evaluation tool will be presented to conclude the talk.
Page 149
Abstract
Automatic Identification of Persons for a Network Include List Based on Word-Network Similarity
James A. Danowski
Text Analysis, Communication Networks, Text Mining, Automated Network Discovery, Semantic
Networks, Co-occurrence Of Keywords
In monitoring jihad-oriented individuals, having a list of known individuals makes it easy to mine text to
identify the network of these individuals based on their co-appearance in message content. Tools such
as the Include function in WORDij’s WordLink enable this. Sometimes, however, one may wish to
automatically identify unknown new names to add to the list. This paper presents a solution to this
problem by conducting a semantic network similarity assessment of unknown individuals to known
individuals to determine whether an unknown individual should be added to a list. To demonstrate this
approach, a Pakistani discussion list is analyzed. Originally we attempted to download the contents of a
Pakistani accounting web site containing many jihad-oriented messages. We planned to randomly select
a subset of the list as a simulated watch list, and then match individuals on the similarity of their
semantic networks from the remaining subset. The next time we went to the URL, however, there was a
message that the site had been closed. Further Google searches for “jihad” returned only sites without a
large enough sample of posted messages. Instead we used the Pakistani military’s recruitment site,
extracting all messages the qualification test. We used WORDij’s specialized QAP program that
accounts for some words being missing from each word network. We wrote a new interface to allow
comparisons of upwards of 9 million pairs of nodes on a pc, finding the Pearson correlations of their
semantic networks. This paper reports the methods and findings.
Page 150
Abstract
Bayesian Inference of Exponential-family random graph model and its conjugacy analysis
Ranran Wang
Mark S. Handcock
Algorithms and Analytic Methods (Lecture)
ERGM/P*, Bayesian Methods, Conjugate Analysis
Exponential-family random graph model (ERGM) has been widely applied in
the fields of social network analysis, genetics (like protein
interaction networks), information theory and more broadly. Because of
the intractability of the likelihood function, Markov Chain Monte-Carlo
(MCMC) algorithms are typically applied to approximate the likelihood
(Geyer and Thompson 1992). However, ERGMs still suffer from inferential
degeneracy and computational deficiency. In this paper, we apply
Bayesian inference to ERGM to resolve model degeneracy and
bias-reduction problems. We implement efficient MCMC algorithms for
parameter estimation. We particularly are interested in conjugate priors
of exponential families and the conjugacy properties of ERGM. We carry
out simulation studies to show the superiority of the estimators under
Bayesian framework over those based on Monte-Carlo likelihood
approximation and pseudo-likelihood.
Page 151
Abstract
Being loved or being acclaimed? – How does (not) status rivalry bias performance in
friendship-networks?
Kinga reka Makovi
Balint Neray
Judit Pál
The relationship between status and achievement in course material is ambiguous. It has recently been
discovered that determinants of status in school classes may be disjoint from performance, moreover,
excellence in performance could even cause status deficit. As humans strive for social recognition,
students may lower their efforts in a hostile environment, and this undermines the goals of education at
an overall level. The present work aims to determine the underlying factors and mechanisms leading to
evaluate performance by high status in the community. On the other hand, we aim to determine those
factors, which contribute to underrate performance by ostracism. Both personal attributes (such as
outlook, personality traits and eminence in other activities than studying) and social milieu (requirements
set by teachers or expectations of parents) have crucial role in forming the stance of students to
performance, as well as being appreciated or not in the class. Since these mechanisms are effective
through interpersonal relationships, such as friendships and negative ties, we carry out social network
analysis using data from of first grade high-school students from 10 classes in Hungary (268).
Page 152
Abstract
Belief Propagation through Social Web Media
Il-Chul Moon
Kathleen M. Carley
Aice H. Oh
Social Influence (Lecture)
Emotion, Consensus Analysis, Blog Networks, Community Norm
Social media on the Web, such as blogs, Twitter, and Facebook, exhibit different belief propagation
phenomena from that of the traditional mass media. In social media, ties among “friends” act as
important vehicles to propagate beliefs, and the language used in blogs and microblogs differ in lexicon
and grammatical constructs. As more and more Internet users have flocked to social media for
communicating with friends and consuming and contributing to the news, belief diffusion through social
media has become quite effective. For example, social media played a criticial role in the Korean
Anti-FTA demonstration and the Iranian Elections. We propose a new approach for capturing and
tracking belief propagation through the social web media. Our approach combines text analysis with
network analyses, and we present the results of our approach on data collected for three months on
Korean Twitter, blogs and Facebook. We analyze blogs and Twitter messages to extract authors and
their purported beliefs. We use a variant of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and a list of
authors to generate an author by belief matrix from the unstructured content of blogs and Twitter
messages. We generate social network using blog trackbacks and Twitter follower and following
relationships. Then, we predict the diffusion of beliefs utilizing a formal belief propagation model based
on a combined version of Friedkin’s social influence model and Carley’s Construct model. We then
compare the observed and the simulated belief propagation trends over time.
Page 153
Abstract
Bioscience relationships in developing countries: a study of Brazil's bioscience firms and their
innovation network structure
Frederico C. Muzzi
Tim Kastelle
Economic Development Networks (Lecture)
Innovation Networks, Biotechnology, Network Structure
Much work has been done recently to analyse and improve interactive innovation in high-technology
industries. These efforts have, however, been concentrated in the context of developed countries. This
study applies these methodological approaches to study innovation networks in a developing country,
undertaking a complete social network analysis of bioscience firms’ collaboration during innovation
projects in Brazil. Structural problems within the Brazilian innovation network are identified, analysed
and compared to the structures observed for other more mature systems of innovation. It integrates,
therefore, the immature innovation systems’ perspective into comparative research on innovation
systems.
In particular, we find that the biotechnology innovation network within Brazil is more sparsely connected
than those in developed countries, has fewer international ties, and is much more reliant on universities
to maintain cohesion. The study is based on survey data gathered from all of the firms in the bioscience
sector in Brazil, which we use to analyse the statistical mechanics of the sector.
Page 154
Abstract
Board Networks and CEO Compensation in Dutch Hospitals
Rob Boterenbrood
Zuzana Sasovova
Two-mode Data, Interlocking Directorates, Centrality, Corporate Governance
We use two-mode network data to examine the influence of social capital of supervisory board members
on CEO compensation in the Dutch nonprofit hospitals. Relationships among supervisory and executive
board members are defined on the basis of co-memberships on boards of hospitals and affiliations with
other organizations. Previous research on determinants of executive pay in the nonprofit sector focused
on organizational characteristics (such as size and performance) and individual characteristics (such as
gender and education of the CEO). Given the two-tier governance structure, we investigate
characteristics of supervisory boards, more specifically human and social capital of their members, in
order to analyze their influence on corporate governance. Using a sample of 90 hospitals we show that
well connected supervisory board members (calculated by averaging members’ eigenvector centrality
scores per supervisory board of a hospital) have a strong dampening effect on the level of CEO
compensation over and above the effects of traditional controls and human capital of the supervisory
board members. We further explore this finding and discuss implications for research and practice.
Page 155
Abstract
Bridging Between Interaction Data and Association Networks
Daniel D. Suthers
Automatization Of Sna, Two-mode Networks, Affiliation Networks, Action And Structure, Associograms,
Interaction Analysis
As socio-technical networks scale up and become integral to daily life, it becomes increasingly important
to answer fundamental questions concerning how technological designs encourage synergistic
encounters between and transformations of people and ideas within these networks. Techniques are
needed to bridge between levels of description from event log data, through individual trajectories of
activity and how they intersect and affect each other, to the dynamic networks of associations that both
are created by and further shape these interactions.
Towards this end, we are developing a hierarchy of representations and tools to trace out the
movement, confluences, and transformations of actors, artifacts and ideas. Our prior work has
developed the first level of abstraction from log files. Contingency graphs are directed graphs that record
observed relationships (contingencies) between events that may be taken as evidence for interaction
and other associations or influences between actors.
This paper reports on a second-order representation that has been found useful for summarizing
interaction and bridging to network levels of description. Associograms are two-mode directed graphs
that record how associations between actors are mediated by their creation, modification, and access of
digital artifacts. Associograms can be automatically generated from contingency graphs. Patterns in
associograms (e.g., cycles) indicate sequential patterns of interaction (e.g., round-trip interactions).
Thus they summarize more complex interaction data. Associograms can be transformed to conventional
sociograms by transitive closure of mediated associations. Thus they bridge between interaction data
and networks to which existing network analytic techniques may be applied.
Page 156
Abstract
Bridging the gender divide: an experimental analysis of group formation in African villages
Abigail Barr
Marleen Dekker
Marcel Fafchamps
Gender and Social Networks (Lecture)
Risk, Gender, Group Composition, Experiments, Africa
Anyone who has convened meetings in sub-Saharan villages will have witnessed men and women
dividing into their respective gender groups before taking their seats. And this apparent tendency is now
often reflected in the way group-oriented interventions are presented: women and men are often
approached as separate groups.
Here, using data from a behavioural experiment to explore group formation across the gender divide.
Within the experiment, group formation is beneficial as it allows group members to share and, thus, take
on more risk leading to higher expected rewards. The institutional context is varied exogenously as part
of the experimental design: in one treatment the grouping and risk sharing agreements are perfectly
enforced by us, the experimenters; in a second treatment the grouping and risk sharing agreements are
supported only by trust and trustworthiness; and in the third treatment the grouping and risk sharing
agreements can be socially enforced, i.e., if someone wishes to renege on their agreement to their
group, they have to do so in public and thereby accept the wrath of their fellow groupers.
Conducting a dyadic analysis on the resulting data, we find that male-female dyads are, as expected,
less likely to group than male-male and female-female dyads. However, when the grouping and risk
sharing agreements are supported only by trust and trustworthiness this effect is significantly weaker. In
part, this is due to trust based on
co-memberships in gender-mixed religions.
Page 157
Abstract
Building Agency Capacity in Human Services through
Li-Wen Liu
Wei Hsi-Sheng
Hu Chung-Yi
Inter-Organizational Networks (Poster)
Inter-organizational Networks, Community, Collaboration Network, Service Delivery System, Human
Services, Capacity Building
Networking has increasingly become a promising way for capacity building of community-based
organizations in human services delivery. Furthermore, literatures show that the activities and structures
of networks among organizations have great impact on service outcomes and client well-being. This
paper examines the factors related to the development and maintain of interorganizational networks
among community-based organizations engaged in services for low income families. It compares
patterns of coordination and structures of service networks among four community service systems.
This paper also explores the effects of interorganizational links on knowledge management of
organizations, which, in turn, enhances organizational capacities in service delivery. Practical
implications regarding capacity building of organizations and sustainable partnerships in human services
are discussed. Specifically, the authors aim to develop network models that considered as effective for
community organizations in human service delivery.
Page 158
Abstract
Building a complete poultry farm network for epidemic preparedness
Lena Fiebig
Timo Smieszek
Jan Hattendorf
Jakob Zinsstag
Infectious Diseases and Social Networks (Lecture)
Infectious Disease, Ego-centered Networks, Survey
Network based transmission models are more adequate in many settings to predict the course and the
final outbreak size of an epidemic compared to compartmental models. They are also the method of
choice to identify targets for preventive and control measures. In Switzerland, the highly pathogenic
avian influenza (HPAI) threat created the need to preemptively understand potential transmission
pathways between the total of 49,437 poultry farms.
Here, we present a step-by-step approach to building a countrywide contact network of poultry farms.
Data were retrieved and collected from different sources: a poultry farm census was established from all
poultry registration data. Data on poultry movements and contact partners (farms, hatcheries,
abattoirs/butchers, poultry shows) were collected by a survey among poultry keepers and by
interviewing experts from poultry industry. All 1,061 valid contact survey datasets were extrapolated on
the farm census.
For this synthetic poultry farm population highly right skewed distributions of contact frequency and
degree distributions were found; a majority of farms had reported to have no or only one partner, and
only about 4% of the poultry farms had 4 or more different contacts. Unexpectedly, only 20% of these
highly connected farms were commercial poultry farms. For incoming contacts only 14% and for
outgoing contacts 40% were commercial farms.
In order to analyze also global network indices, we further build a complete interrelated network using a
contact generation and optimization algorithm in analogy to Read et al. (2008).
Our work reveals that a contact network model for the Swiss poultry farm population is feasible.
Page 159
Abstract
Building and incremental erosion in the semantic network for the acid rain movement: 1977 to
2009
Andrew Rojecki
James A. Danowski
Collective Action and Social Movements (Lecture)
Collective Action, Communication Networks, Mass Communication, Media, Semantic Networks, Social
Movement Theory
The literature argues that the amount of media coverage of issues sets the public agenda. What sets the
media agenda appears to largely be governmental communication. It was hypothesized that when
governmental actors were more central in the network among other actors, this would attract media to
the issue of acid rain. Once coverage started, after conflict among interest groups accelerated and the
band wagon reached optimal speed, governmental actors would brake the issue cycle by government
action to ostensibly resolve the issue, and as a result media coverage would dissipate. It was further
hypothesized that a period of “long-tail journalism” would ensue in which there was little media coverage
over the years without this governmentally-gener ated buzz of coverage. The plot of the number of
stories per year for the next 25 years showed that there was some coverage but very predictable in its
residual factual nature with no hooks to policy considerations. Not until again in 2009 was acid rain
connected with a governmental initiative, the “Cap and Trade” deliberations set in motion by the Obama
administration. Coverage of acid rain moved again above the long-tail, although only slightly with weakly
organized semantic networks. Perhaps similar processes of network decline into the long tail distribution
occur for who-to-whom networks, which once large and robust erode into a smaller predictable structure
into the long tail period.
Page 160
Abstract
Building interdisciplinary collaboration networks from a social citation analysis tool
Diep T. Hoang
Filippo Menczer
Academic and Scientific Networks III (Lecture)
Bibliometrics, Tagging, Scientometrics, Crowdsourcing, Citation Analysis, Scientific Publications
Scholarometer is a social tool to facilitate citation analysis and help evaluate the impact of an author's
publications. As a browser extension, it provides a local front-end to Google Scholar and allows users to
compute various impact measures on top of Google Scholar data. It also empowers authors to extract
their own bibliographic data from Google Scholar, curate it, annotate it, and export it to other tools or
share it. One of the goals of Scholarometer is to study citation-based impact measures that allow to
compare authors in different disciplines, with widely diverse community sizes. Scholarometer is a
crowdsourcing tool. In exchange for bibliographic and impact information, users provide two precious
bits of work. First, their queries "free" publication data so that it can be openly shared. Second, they tag
authors with discipline annotations. This data permits us to build collaboration networks among
established and emerging disciplines, study the dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration, and detect
emergent research directions by the breaking of established disciplinary boundaries.
Page 161
Abstract
Buried Ties - Network Analysis in Archaeology
Gabriel Seidl-Da-Fonseca
Affiliation Networks, Archaeology
Working in the field of archaeology we are confronted with a large amount of historical data. These
databases provide a simple and effective way to organize the detailed descriptions of numerous
collected artifacts, but until now the common way of analyzing this data are descriptive statistics (like
percentages and means). While these results overview archaeological sites and regions, they seldom
show more than a small piece of the puzzle.
A new approach to better understand the intertwined connections between artifacts is the use of already
inherent relational data. Using social network analyses, regions, sites, features or artifacts can be
connected to get a glimpse of the bigger picture. In my master thesis I try to lay the groundwork in
developing a model that allows archaelogical researchers to display and analyze this kind of
multi-dimensional picture of their databases.
Network analysis allows archaelogists to find possible relations between numerous types of information
regarding our specific field of research. Each artifact placed in two or more graves indicates a relation
between them. In approaching the given data it leads the researcher in his/her search for interpretation,
e.g. the correlation between the funeral rituals used or the artifacts found in a neolithic graveyard and
the familiar or social status of the deceased. These networks help us in our daily work to interpret
situations more clearly as well as offer a new approach for continuative research questions.
In this presentation I will show the first results of my studies regarding the network of graves via artifacts
– the „buried ties“.
Page 162
Abstract
CHANGE DETECTION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Ian Mcculloh
Joshua Lospinoso
Statistical Methods, Longitudinal, Simulation, Change
The performance of statistical process control (SPC) is investigated for its ability to detect various
changes in Markovian models of social networks over time. Networks are simulated using continuous
Markov chains. At established points in time nodes are isolated and/or structural factors affecting
network evolution are changed. The average number of time periods required to detect a change are
recorded for each situation. Findings suggest that SPC can be used to detect significant changes in
organizational behavior over time.
Page 163
Abstract
CHESS
Benjamin Johnson
Sean K. Eyre
Ian Mcculloh
Anthony Johnson
Network Mechanisms and Network Evolution (Lecture)
Longitudinal social network studies require the investigator to make a decision in how to discretize
continuous data into networks and time periods. Common approaches such as RSiena then assume
myopic actor optimization of their links over time. These assumptions that are commonly used in the
analysis of social groups are investigated using the game of chess. In this model, chess pieces take on
the role of actors and they have a link between two pieces if they can both attack the same space on the
board. There are clearly defined time periods and networks, avoiding investigator decisions on
discretization. Players attempt to reach a global optimum instead of a myopic actor optimum.
Exponential random graph models (ergm) are used to determine significant structural variables at the
opening, mid-game, and end-game phases of various chess games. RSiena models are used to
determine significant factors affecting the network evolution of a chess game. This framework provides
an excellent source of data for investigating approaches to longitudinal social network analysis.
Page 164
Abstract
CTSA Consortium Structure and Organization: Results from a Social Network Analysis of
Archival Data
John Skvoretz
Inter-organizational Networks, Affiliation Networks
One major funding initiative of USA’s National Institutes of Health, the Clinical and Translational Science
Awards (CTSAs) program, awards large multi-year grants to create definable academic homes for
clinical and translational research. The program intends to transform the local, regional, and national
environment to increase the efficiency and speed of clinical and translational research across the
country. The consortium is a confederation of the 46 medical research institutions who currently have
received awards under this program (out of a total of 60 when fully implemented in 2012). I use social
network analysis to examine the consortium’s organization and structure in terms of the linkages formed
between CTSA institutions and government agencies through their representatives’ participation in
various committees and workgroups defining the operational framework of the consortium. The
advantage accruing to early awardees is highlighted as well as the importance to the overall connectivity
of the consortium of certain workgroups and committees.
Page 165
Abstract
Celebrities as Category and Group: An Empirical Network Analysis of an Elite Population
Elizabeth Currid
Gilad Ravid
Culture, Mass Communication, Web Mining, Social Structural Location
“Celebrities” are anecdotally one of the most observed groups in contemporary society, but largely
unexplained in empirical analysis or studied in the social sciences. We use a unique data set, Getty
Images photographs, to study this social category and its various network structures. We collected the
caption information for all the photos taken by Getty photographers of arts and entertainment events and
people from March 2006-2007. Implementing natural language processing (NLP) methods we were able
to identify the photographed subjects. In total, we studied some 600,000 photos of almost 12,000 events
with 66,100 people in these photos at 128 places around the world. Because not all 66,100 people in the
photographs are celebrities, and sometimes non-celebrities end up at celebrity events, we isolated those
individuals photographed at least 4 times. By doing this, we captured 5% of all individuals in the Getty
Images database, the “celebrity core”, so to speak. We then studied all the events they attended,
people they spent time with and cities around the world they travelled to in attending those events.
Overall, our analysis demonstrates that celebrities exhibit qualities of dense and directed connections,
such as those observed in small community structures. Higher industry status and media profile form
particular groups within the larger network. Our empirical results stack up with the theory of “superstars”
and the “rich get richer” model of preferential attachment. We speculate that there may be substantial
social and economic outcomes to being more connected to other celebrities.
Page 166
Abstract
Centralisation and Density in Covert Social Movement Networks: the UK Suffragettes and the
Provisional IRA
Nick Crossley
Applications, Centrality, Affiliation Networks, Covert, Centralisation
This paper explores conflicting claims in the literature regarding the structure of covert networks by
reference to empirical work on both the UK suffragettes and the Provisional Irish Republican Army. In
particular I review claims regarding the alleged de/centralisation of such networks and their density.
Having noted that the authors of these claims fail to specify criteria which would allow them to be tested
I argue that, by what might be deemed reasonable criteria, they do not stand up. Actually existing data
on covert (social movement) networks differ significantly from theoretical models. In this vein, claims
about decentralised cell structures are also (with reference to PIRA) challenged.
Page 167
Abstract
Change and External Events in Online Networks
Ryan M. Acton
Emma S. Spiro
Carter T. Butts
Network Dynamics, Egocentic Networks, Disruptive Events, Seasonality, Online Networks
Exogenous and endogenous events have the potential to significantly alter the structure of social
networks. Network researchers have long studied the effects of endogenous processes in governing the
evolution of networks; however, there has been more limited research on the effects of exogenous
events. In this presentation we explore this second question. In particular, we use data from a popular
microblogging service to examine changes in local network structure following the incidence of
hazard-related events (e.g., floods, severe weather, etc.). In addition to event-related changes, we also
test for the presence of seasonality in local network dynamics, as well as endogenous and exogenous
variation in the pace of change. The emergence of structures such as hub and brokerage roles is also
discussed.
Page 168
Abstract
Changes of Friendship among Taiwanese Adolescents: Gender, Class, and Rural-Urban
Differences
Yeu-Sheng Hsieh
Ming-Yi Chang
Meng-Sian Jhou
Adolescents, Homophily, Friendship Formation, Network Opportunity, Friendship Discontinuity
This article uses individual and social network data from Taiwan Youth Project (TYP) to examine the
effects of gender, class, and rural-urban differences on changes of friendship among Taiwanese
adolescents. The use of three-level hierarchical model allows the author to simultaneously estimate the
effects of different level of contexts, including network opportunity, dyadic homophily, individual
attributes, class structure, and school district, on adolescent friendship development. The results
suggest that network opportunity, dyadic homophily, class size, and class sex segregation significantly
influence adolescent new friends making, while network opportunity, dyadic homophily, and individual
attributes have impacts on adolescent friendship discontinuity. These findings imply that interaction
opportunity and homophily determine the starting of friendship, while individual’s actions govern
friendship discontinuity.
Page 169
Abstract
Changing Networks over time
Janet Salaff
Qualitative Network Studies (Lecture)
Qualitative Approaches, Migration, Life Events, Change
We are all invoved with identifying the special contributions of qualitative methods in network analysis.
Having completed a study that took 20 years that turned on the social networks of Hong Kong migration
using mixed methods, I ask: What can we get from the qualitative study of social networks over a period
of time that features rapid change? I will review other qualitative studies on migration over time. Then I
present the findings of my own study on Hong Kong migrants and their networks. These studies all
share features of qualitative methods which are: 1) They link individual responses to their contexts. And
so we ask how do changes in context affect the performance of social networks in migration? 2) They
link individual responses to their perceptions. Using people’s own words and examples helps us to
understand changes to their meanings of social networks in migration. 3) How do networks persistand
change over time? Which conditions allow networks to fulfill the migrant’s expectations in migration over
time? How do the networks of successful and failed migrant differ over time?
Page 170
Abstract
China and India in the international fragmentation of the global auto industry
Alessia A. Amighini
Sara Gorgoni
Economic Networks, International Networks, International Trade, Production Networks, Automotive
Industry
In this paper we use network analysis to explore the world trade network in automotive components and
its changes over time, and to identify the role that particular countries play in the global division of labour
in this industry. Indeed, the increasing fragmentation of production in an ever growing number of sectors
implies that a dominant and growing share of world trade is accounted for by components trade - rather
than final goods trade - across a number of countries. In addition, the automotive sector has undergone
radical changes in the last decade, with new producers emerging as active participants in auto
production in several stages of the value chain.
In particular, in this paper (1) we aim at assessing whether the entrance of a number of new important
players into the world trading system has changed the main characteristics of the international
organisation of the global auto industry. In addition, (2) we aim at exploring the relative international
positions and roles in the international fragmentation of production of China and India. Finally, (3) we
investigate whether, as a consequence of the rise of these two powers, there has been a switch in the
global organisation of production, with the consequent formation of new regional trade networks. We
use highly disaggregated trade data for each of the components used in automobile production. We
then aggregate all these components into 4 groups. For each of these 4 groups we take all bilateral
trade flows in 1998, 2003 and 2008. We combine standard statistical descriptive tools with social
network analysis with UCINET in order to depict the changes occurred in the trade network across time
as well as to identify the structure and characteristics of the network and analyse the position and role of
specific players. We find evidence of increasing importance of components trade in the automotive
sector, and of the rise of China as an important actor in global components trade. Moreover, China is
developing a regional production system of its own in South and Southeast Asia.
Page 171
Abstract
Choosing multiple sources for a network diffusion
Bruce W. Rogers
Shankar Bhamidi
Peter Mucha
There are a variety of centrality scores to determine the most central or influential node in a network.
However, the problem of finding the set of k nodes that is most influential is not as simple as collecting
the k highest centrality scores. For example, in the context of viral marketing, we would like to choose
the k nodes to seed the market so that a diffusion from those seeds has maximal expected size. We use
a community detection algorithm to efficiently approximate the optimal set of k nodes.
Page 172
Abstract
City mouse/country mouse – how public libraries contribute to social capital in urban and rural
communities in North America
Catherine A. Johnson
Community (Lecture)
Social Support, Social Capital, Social Cohesion, Rural Communities, Urban Neighbourhoods
This presentation reports on a study that investigated the contribution of public libraries to social capital
in urban and rural communities in the United States and Canada. Social capital theories as developed
by Robert Putnam and Nan Lin were used in the creation of the data collection instrument. Over 600
library users and non-users completed questionnaires that collected data on community- and
individual-level social capital. Library users and staff members were also interviewed about their social
interactions within the library to gain insights into how these interactions contributed to social capital.
Findings suggest that public libraries have the largest impact in poor urban neighbourhoods where
residents have few social resources to draw upon. The extra help given by library staff contribute
significantly to levels of social capital by helping patrons search for jobs using the Internet and helping
them to fill out online application forms, by keeping an eye out for children left in the library alone by
caregivers and interacting with socially isolated individuals. Public libraries appear to have the least
social impact on library patrons in rural communities where libraries are only one of a number of places
where residents have opportunities to gain needed resources and interact on a social level with each
other.
Page 173
Abstract
Classification in Network Ensembles using Latent Roles
Uwe Nagel
Ulrik Brandes
Jürgen Lerner
Methods, Generalized Blockmodeling
We present a method for graph classification based on the assumption
that members of the same class have a similar role structure and that
these roles can be derived from a joint classification of all vertices.
Given a network ensemble (a collection of attributed graphs with some
substantive commonality), vertices are first classified based on attribute
similarity. Projection of each graph onto the resulting vertex partition
yields feature vectors of equal dimension, irrespective of the original
graph sizes. These can be clustered using any suitable method.
Our approach is motivated by social network concepts, and we demonstrate
its utility on an ensemble of personal networks of migrants.
Page 174
Abstract
Co-Evolution of Intra-Organizational Trust, Advice, and Communication Networks: A Multiple
Dynamic Analysis
Mohamed Boukhris
Rafael Wittek
Dynamic Networks (Lecture)
Dynamic Network Analysis, Trust, Communication Networks, Advice Network
Questions about the co-evolution of social relations are key to many discussions about the dynamics of
intra-organizational network. The interrelationship between instrumental and affective relations plays a
particularly important role in this context: does frequent communication breed interpersonal trust? Is
interpersonal trust facilitating advice, or will trust gradually follow from an advice relation? Current
models remain incomplete because they neglect that changes in one type of relationship usually bring
about changes in other types of relationships. We reconstruct several mechanisms about the dynamic
interrelationship between three types of intra-organizational ties. For example, by-product theories
suggest that instrumental ties have the unintended consequence of breeding affective ties, e.g. that
frequent interpersonal communication or exchange breeds interpersonal trust. In contrast,
embeddedness approaches suggest that since instrumental relations are brittle in nature, they require a
social foundation, e.g. individuals will share advice only if they have built up an interpersonal trust
relation. Finally, structural approaches argue that the emergence of an instrumental or an affective tie
between two persons depends on their relation to a third party. Four waves of longitudinal
intra-organizational network data from the management team of a German paper factory (n=22) are
used for an empirical test. At the dyadic level, we found evidence for the by-product perspective
(communication breeds trust). At the triadic level, we found both structural embeddedness and
brokerage effects: ego and alter’s trust in tertius breeds communication between ego and alter; ego and
alter’s communication with tertius breeds distrust between ego and alter.
Page 175
Abstract
Co-Evolutionary Models of Friendship Networks and Substance Use Behaviors Among
Middle-School Students: Findings from the Project CHOICE-IDEA
Mariana Horta
Harold D. Green-Jr.
Joan Tucker
Elizabeth J. D'amico
ERGM/P*, Adolescents, Schools, Drug Use, Siena, Friendship Network
Project CHOICE is a voluntary after-school substance-use program for middle-school students that
targets tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use. Findings from a previous pilot study in two schools
suggested that the program’s effects extended beyond those students who participated in CHOICE to
the entire student body. CHOICE is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial in 16
schools across three California school districts. To determine whether social networks might be
responsible for these broader effects, friendship network data were collected at three of the 16 schools
(two intervention schools and one control school) to investigate the influence and selection mechanisms
associated with the spread of pro-and anti-substance use behaviors and attitudes. SIENA models based
on three waves of in-school surveys allowed us to investigate the co-evolution of friendship networks
and substance use behaviors and attitudes. In particular, we investigated the selection and influence
mechanisms potentially associated with initiation and escalation of drinking and smoking behaviors,
students’ evolving attitudes about these behaviors, and how individual and school-level covariates, most
importantly CHOICE participation, might affect these mechanisms.
Page 176
Abstract
Cognitive and social structure of the elite collaboration network of astrophysics: a
mixed-methods approach
Richard Heidler
Academic and Scientific Networks (Poster)
Scientific Networks, Qualitative Approaches, Mixed Methods, Academic Networks, Collaboration,
Scientometrics
Scientific collaboration can only be understood along the epistemic and cognitive grounding of a
scientific discipline. New scientific discoveries in astrophysics led to a major restructuring of the elite
network of astrophysics. To study the interplay of the cognitive grounding and the social network
structure of a discipline, a mixed-methods approach is necessary. It combines scientometrics,
quantitative network analysis and visualization tools with a qualitative network analysis approach. The
centre of the international collaboration network of astrophysics is demarcated by identifying the 225
most productive astrophysicists for the years 2000-2006. For this period three co-authorship networks
are constructed comprehending each a two year period. A visualisation of the longitudinal network data
gives first hints on the structural development of the network structure. The network of 2005-2006 is
analysed in further depth. Based on cohesion analysis tools for network analysis two main cliques and
two smaller ones are identified. Scientists in each clique and additionally in structurally interesting
positions are identified and qualitative expert interviews are conducted with them. The visualisation of
the network of 2005-2006 is used in the 15 interviews as a stimulus for the interviewees. An analysis of
the three most often used keywords of the 225 astrophysicists is included and combined with the other
data. The triangulation of these approaches shows that major epistemic changes in astrophysics, e.g.
the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe, together with technical and organisational
innovations, leads to a restructuring of the network structure of the discipline. The importance of a
combination of qualitative and quantitative network analysis tools for the understanding of the interplay
of cognitive and social structure in the sociology of science is substantiated.
Page 177
Abstract
Cognitive similarity, tie creation, and tie strength: Network and content analysis of an online
forum
Pietro Panzarasa
Bernard Kujawski
Homophily, Communication Networks, Cognitive Similarity, Content Analysis
Research has long emphasized the role that social interaction has in the modification of individuals’
mental attitudes, meanings, and interpretations. For example, a number of empirical studies have shown
that, by interacting, individuals can create equifinal meanings and shared understanding of a joint
experience, revise and reconcile conflicting beliefs, and develop social norms for organized action.
However, research has often overlooked the impact that cognitive similarity among people has on the
evolution of social interaction. Convergence of beliefs, interests, and interpretations can be seen not
only as an outcome of interaction, but also as the cognitive antecedent of social ties. In this paper, we
take a step toward this direction, and investigate whether and to what extent cognitive similarity affects
the likelihood and strength of social interaction. To this end, we draw on a longitudinal network dataset
from an online forum in which users post messages to a number of groups or threads, each devoted to a
discussion topic. We combine network and content analysis, and infer cognitive similarities among users
from text-based communication by measuring the semantic distance among the words posted. We use
these similarities to construct a cognitive network, and then examine its effects on whether and how
social interaction unfolds over time. Results indicate that, above and beyond the effects of status
homophily, the probability and strength of a social tie increases with cognitive similarity, but only up to a
critical threshold. Above this level, the effects of cognitive similarity reverse. Individuals with highly
similar beliefs, meanings, and interpretations are not likely to provide each other with the information
they seek, and will direct their attention to other less cognitively similar partners. We further examine the
interplay between cognitive similarity and triadic closure. Findings show that the effects of cognitive
similarity on the creation and strength of a tie between two individuals are mitigated by the number of
partners they share and by the strength of their ties to these common partners.
Page 178
Abstract
Collaboration Networks in Open Source Software Development
Angela Bohn
Patrick Mair
Kurt Hornik
Collaboration and Coordination (Lecture)
Communication Networks, Academic Networks, Collaboration, Text Mining, Software Development
Open source software is created by sometimes hundreds or thousands of developers working together
in more or less formally organized teams.
To cope with the coordination effort, they use web based technologies like mailing lists, forums, and
SVN systems. Once their work is finished, they often present it on conferences and in journal articles.
These communication and collaboration networks can tell a lot about the social processes leading to
great pieces of software. However, even more could be found out if the context of peoples' encounters
(e.g. e-mail content, paper abstract etc.) could be analyzed along with their social networks.
With data created by the community of R, the most widely used statistical open source software, we
show how text mining techniques can add a new dimension to the analysis of collaboration networks in
the sense of community detection and local centrality.
Page 179
Abstract
Collaboration, culture and search
Emily Erikson
Organizational Networks: Collaboration and Alliances (Lecture)
Collaboration, Economic Networks, Culture, Network Mechanisms, Analytic Sociology
Nanotechnology is a diverse field composed of many distinct subfields:
pharmaceutical, computer manufacture, aeronautics, semiconductors, medical equipment, and others.
Firms benefit from collaboration, but report difficulty finding partners. I explore contexts that increase the
likelihood of collaboration, focusing on mechanisms, culture, and structures that assist search through
networks. Specifically, nanotechnology firms are embedded within commercial networks and research
networks (composed of university ties). Using data from a survey of Massachusetts firms and the
database Nanobank, I explore whether different aspects (prestige, cohesion, transitivity, searchability,
culture) of the different networks (commercial and research) are associated with increased rates of
collaboration. I use a fixed-effects model, across different networks, to explore the relationship between
context and culture on collaboration, extrapolating to long-term patterns of network evolution and
structure.
Page 180
Abstract
Collecting social network data for HIV prevention activities: a review of strategies
Chyvette T. Williams
Sampling, HIV/STD, HIV Risk, Injection Drug Use, Data Collection, Sex Work
Social networks have become a central focus of HIV prevention efforts in the United States. The three
primary areas in which social network methods have been used are 1) in recruitment of high-risk groups,
2) in characterizing social and risk networks, and 3) in conducting network-oriented interventions. Both
between and within the categories of activities, variation exists in approaches used for collecting social
network data. Some of the variation may lie in differences in study goals, some may not. This study will
review strategies used to collect network data for HIV prevention activities among high-risk groups.
Articles published from 1990 to 2010 will be identified through multiple databases (e.g. PubMed, SSCI)
and social network journals that fit select criteria. A summary will be presented of the different
approaches used according to study aims and population targets, and promises and pitfalls of the
approach noted. Because of its increasing use in the field of HIV, attention will be given to
respondent-driven sampling as a quasi-network design. Finally, potential ways in which methods can be
standardized for similar activities will be discussed.
Page 181
Abstract
Collective Action in Virtual Organizations: Networks of Collaboration in an Online Scientific
Community
Nina F. O'brien
Lauren B. Frank
Jessica J. Gould
Courtney M. Schultz
Matthew S. Weber
Peter R. Monge
On-line Communities, Scientific Networks, Collaboration, Collective Action, Resource Networks, Expert
Community
This research merges collective action theory with social network analysis to explain collaboration and
knowledge development in an online scientific community. Online collaboration provides researchers
with an opportunity to tap into a knowledge base that exists outside of their immediate community.
Researchers who participate in online communities utilize "tagging" as a mechanism to label the
functions and attributes of resources and information. Other users are able to view these tags, and
ultimately tagging may influence actions of others in the community. This study therefore examines user
networks in the Nanohub online scientific community, which is focused on the development of
nanotechnology research. Through the examination of affiliation networks - created by the relationships
between tags and resources created by users - this analysis found during early stages of community
growth a disproportionate amount of tagging was contributed by initial users of the community. Once the
density of the tagging network crossed a minimum threshold, new entrants to the community began to
adopt the practice of tagging and resource contribution. Ultimately, this work proposes that online
communities may be characterized by an accelerating production function whereby early investment and
contributions to the community generate increasing returns in terms of future contributions. This
contradicts earlier findings in collective action research and furthers our understanding of network
development over time. Additionally, this work provides insight for practitioners and community
administrators with regards to the types of actions and contributions that are most likely to spur
contribution by new members over time.
Page 182
Abstract
Combining Network Science and Textual Content Analysis to Understand Information and
Knowledge Networks
Sinan Aral
Structural theories of social capital and brokerage rely on arguments about the relationship between
social structure and information flow. Intuitive and appealing arguments have been made about how
information is likely to be distributed in networks and how different types of information are likely to
accrue to individuals in different structural positions. However, the actual information flowing between
individuals is rarely observed and we lack detailed dynamic theories of how social groups access, share
and distribute information under different network and environmental conditions. We argue that
combining analysis of message content and communication topology can open new avenues for
answering questions at the heart of the sociology of information. We discuss the methods, benefits and
challenges of combining text mining techniques with network analysis to understand how information
flow in networks affects social and economic outcomes. In particular, we discuss: the capture and
analysis of textual content from electronic communication data such as email or IM; methods used to
analyze textual content data to evaluate the diversity, novelty, scarcity, uniqueness, temporal variation
and implied sentiment of information in electronic communication; content obfuscation and privacy
preservation techniques used to mask the identity of participants and the content of messages while
maintaining precise data on for example the distributions of topics in different local network
neighborhoods over time; and combining text mining with traditional productivity, demand estimation or
market valuation techniques to evaluate how information flow in networks affects the productivity of
information workers, product demand patterns and stock market prices.
Page 183
Abstract
Communities in five networks: a meta-analysis
Malgorzata J. Krawczyk
To indicate communities in social networks may be a controversial
task, when the results depend on the used method. The desired outcome
is that some nodes or groups of nodes, which play a crucial role in
the system, should be selected by any applied clusterisation method.
In the analysis of real networks the most important part is an
interpretation of obtained results. If no extra information is known
for a given problem, the validation method is to compare the results
obtained by different clusterization methods to the same data set.
Hence, an application of different methods is reasonable. We present
the results obtained by three clusterisation methods (the
agglomerative Newman method based on the modularity optimization [1],
the differential equation method [2] and the Potts model [3]) for five
social networks (Zachary’s karate club, Bernard&Killworth ham radio,
Bernard&Killworth fraternity, books about US politics and dolphin
social networks). Obtained results are coherent and allow to indicate
most important elements within the communities.
[1] M.E.J. Newman, “Analysis of weighted networks”, Phys. Rev. E 70,
2004, pp. 056131:1-9.
[2] M.J. Krawczyk, “Differential equations as a tool for community
identification”, Phys. Rev. E 77, 2008, pp. 065701(R):1-4
[3] J. Reichardt and S. Bornholdt, “Detecting Fuzzy Community
Structures in Complex Networks with a Potts Model”, Phys. Rev. Lett.
93, 2004, 218701
Page 184
Abstract
Community Core Detection in Twitter - a “Bottom Up” Heuristic
Gernot Tscherteu
Christian Langreiter
Community Structure, Twitter, Tool, Community Core, Expert Community, Detection
In this paper we present a lightweight heuristic for detecting cores of expert communities within
"Twitter". The heuristic combines simple text search methods with social network analysis. One big
advantage of this heuristic is that it needs not to be run over the whole network. As a “bottom up”
approach it explores the network around seed accounts and detects communities with simple measures.
In contrast to well acknowledged algorithms for detecting communities like those by Girvan and
Newman we’re not interested in finding all community clusters in twitter, but only very specific ones that
exist around specific topics. We are not starting with the network as a whole and trying to detect the
densest cores in it, but start with specific seed users that we assume to be representative of a certain
topic and reconstruct the network of their @relations around them.
The heuristic forms the basis for an on-line service to be developed in the next months. It will allow
ordinary Twitter users to explore their own neighbourhood as well as other networks like e.g. "Twitter
lists". Above all we see a challenge in bringing SNA to the "masses" of social media users.
When building tools for detecting and analysing communities with twitter, one should not only present
“results” to the user but allow for simple forms of interaction with the network data.
Full paper already available see notes below
Page 185
Abstract
Computational integration of network theory and topic modeling for investigating the
relationship between socio-technical networks, funding, and innovation in the European Union
Jana Diesner
Kathleen M. Carley
Methods, Text Mining, Semantic Networks, Innovation, Algorithms, Meaning In Structure
When text data pertaining to socio-technical networks are available, these texts are often either
analyzed separately from the network data, or are reduced to the fact and frequency of the flow of data
or objects between nodes. Examples for the joint availability of text data and network data include
answers to open questions in classical network surveys, social media such as emails, blogs, and wikis,
and the semantic web. Previous research on the relationship between language and networks suggests
an impact of the position of individuals in the network on their motivation and ability to induce innovation
and change in socio-technical networks. We present our findings from a study in which we empirically
tested this relationship for the case of research proposal that were granted funding by the European
Union under the Framework Programmes and a methodology that we developed in order to facilitate this
type of studies. This methodology computationally integrates network theory and topic modeling, an
unsupervised machine learning technique that reduces the dimensionality of text data to sets of
semantically related words, such that network data are enriched through information from text data and
vice versa. Our approach is based on prior work that assumes not only texts, but also authors and other
types of entities and metadata to have probability distributions over topics (Mimno & McCallum 2008).
We extend this notion by abstracting away from the level of individual authors and collaborators to the
structural role level, where the actual role is defined by network theory.
Page 186
Abstract
Concurrence on the Nature of Dyadic Ties: Comparing Spouses' Reports on Career Hierarchy
Joy E. Pixley
Measures, Data Collection, Eyadic Ties, Gender, Careers
Social network researchers must often rely on informants to provide data about interactions with their
alters without corroborating input from those alters. Informants report not only on the existence of ties to
alters, but on the nature of those ties. In some cases, the shared experience claimed by the informant
determines whether that alter constitutes a certain type of tie. Such reports are subject to a range of
possible errors due to recall and reporting biases. The current study uses independent reports from both
members of couples, including survey data from 1276 couples and in-depth interviews with 49 couples,
to test concurrence in spouses' reports of career hierarchy in their relationship. Some measures are
evaluative, such as who is the primary provider and whose job is more important, while others address
joint experiences, such as major decisions about moving for one spouse's job advancement. In other
words, these are important issues for close ties who frequently interact: concurrence levels here could
be considered an upper bound on concurrence for less salient issues between weaker ties. Results
indicate only moderate concurrence rates for overall evaluative measures (60-69%). Concurrence rates
on the occurrence and characteristics of joint experiences range from 31% to 90%. The pattern of
results suggests more sex differences in joint experience reporting than in overall evaluations, and
systematic differences in joint experience reporting consistent with salience and self-serving bias.
Implications for relying on single-informant data to characterize dyadic relationships are discussed.
Page 187
Abstract
Conditional estimation of exponential random graph models from snowball samples
Philippa E. Pattison
Garry L. Robins
Tom A. Snijders
Peng Wang
Link-tracing Network Sampling (Lecture)
Sampling, Statistical Methods, Snowball Technique
Obtaining survey network data in a large population in order to understand the structure of the network
may be prohibitively difficult and costly and it is therefore often of interest to estimate models for
networks using data from various network sampling designs, such as link-tracing designs. We focus
here on the case of snowball sampling designs, designs in which an initial sample of network members
are asked to nominate their network partners, their network partners are then traced and asked to
nominate their network partners, and so on. We assume an exponential random graph model (ERGM)
of a particular parametric form and outline a conditional maximum likelihood estimation procedure for
obtaining estimates of ERGM parameters. This procedure is intended to complement the likelihood
approach developed by Handcock and Gile (in press) by providing a practical means of estimation when
the size of the complete network is unknown and/or the complete network is very large. A main
difference in our conditional procedure compared to the full maximum likelihood procedure is that it
requires only simulation of alternative outcomes of observed tie variables, not of unobserved ones. We
report the outcome of a simulation study with a known model designed to assess the impact of initial
sample size and population size on properties of the estimates. We also present an illustrative
application for a large network and conclude with a discussion of further developments of the approach.
Page 188
Abstract
Conflict in Team, Some Facts and Consequences
James. liang cheng Huang
Ti Hsu
Networks and Teams (Lecture)
Conflict, Team, Simulation Game
Recently, team conflict has been emphasized as an important topic by academics; Using cognitive
methods, scholars studied how the intensity of team conflict can affect members’ actions, organization
structure and organizational performance (Rahim, 1982; Jehn, 1995). However, with Georg Simmel’s
view: “conflict should be considered as sociation”, we argue that team conflict is multifaceted and
embedded in dyad relationship, and therefore it should be investigated from the social network
perspective. Here, we devise an experiment in a controlled scenario, and spilt the respondents into 12
different teams of 4 or 5 members, and members of the same team are allowed to participate in a
business strategic simulation game. Through both survey and interview, we measure the extent of team
conflict and examine the impact of members’ characteristics on their team performance. Issues related
to the measurement, computation and quantification of team conflict and future research directions will
also be discussed.
Page 189
Abstract
Consumer Processing of Marketers’ Responses on Micro-blogging Platforms
James R. Coyle
Ted Smith
David S. Silver
Glenn Platt
Marketing, Perception, Trust, Social Network, Twitter, Viral Marketing
Micro-blogging networks like Twitter give commercial enterprises the opportunity to respond to
consumer questions and comments within minutes on a public platform. With this opportunity come
elevated expectations of the quality of response that consumers look for. The viral nature of
micro-blogging networks potentially magnifies the costs of not meeting or even exceeding these
expectations. In this field experiment, we manipulate the level of helpfulness depicted in a fictitious set
of tweets in a search results page. Research participants will be exposed to tweets that do one of the
following: 1) solve a consumer’s problem; 2) merely express empathy; 3) are neutral (i.e., a baseline
condition). We are also interested in how perceptions of helpfulness may be influenced by the search
interface in which they appear. Specifically, tweets will appear in one of the following interfaces: 1) a
branded Twitter interface (i.e., the company’s Twitter channel); 2) Twitter.com; and 3) Google.
Perceptions of trust, company benevolence, attitude toward the company and purchase intention will be
assessed. Implications for practitioners and researchers interested in online branding and social CRM
issues will be discussed.
Page 190
Abstract
Coordination and Cooperation Problems in Network Good Production
Antonie Knigge
Vincent Buskens
Game Theory, Network Stability, Experiments, Coordination, Cooperation
If actors want to reach a particular goal, they are often better off by forming collaborative relations and
invest together rather than investing separately. In this paper we study the coordination and cooperation
problems that hinder successful collaboration in such situations (which we label the production of a
‘network good with complementarities’). We extend the model by Ballester et al. (2006) on investments
in static networks with a network formation stage. The predictions of the model are tested experimentally
in four-person networks. The theoretical predictions correspond remarkably well with subjects’ behavior.
First, groups of subjects nearly always create a pairwise stable network configuration, i.e., they end up
either in the empty or the full network. As the costs of forming links increase, groups succeed less often
in coordinating on the full network, which can yield higher payoffs than the empty network. Second,
given the created network structure, subjects invest mostly according to their Nash strategy. This implies
a suboptimal amount of network good production, because if linked subjects cooperate by investing
more than in their Nash strategy, everybody can be better off. If cooperation is successful, this is mostly
in the experimental condition in which subjects can monitor how much their partners invest. Finally, we
were able to gain some insight in the individual level mechanisms underlying these outcomes. We find
that groups consisting of more foresighted subjects are better able to solve the coordination and
cooperation problems. Moreover, subjects learn to deal with the problems better as they gain
experience. These results provide stimulating leads for further research into the mechanisms at the
individual level.
Page 191
Abstract
Corporate interlock formation as network process. An event history analysis of directors’
changeovers in industry, finance, and cultural institutions.
W De-Nooy
Interlocking Directorates, Event Data, Multilevel Analysis
The study of interlocking directorates has yielded a series of theories about the effects of interlocks:
collusion, cooptation and monitoring, legitimacy, career advancement, and social cohesion [Mizruchi, M.
S. (1996). What do interlocks do? Annu. Rev. Sociol. 22, 271-298.] From the intended effects of
interlocks, hypotheses can be deduced on the recruitment of directors by organizations or, vice versa,
the acceptation of board positions by directors. The present study assumes a dynamic perspective
focusing on the changeovers of directors to test the recruitment hypotheses.
The timing and acceptance of a new position by a director in an organization is analyzed using a
longitudinal 2-mode network of people and organizations with lines representing affiliations that have a
starting date and an end date (if applicable). Predictors are characteristics of the director, his position in
the network of current and previous affiliations (including his network of contacts), and characteristics of
the organization offering the position. A discrete-time event history model is applied to data on directors
of the important firms, banks, and cultural institutions in The Netherlands, 2005-2009.
Page 192
Abstract
Corporations and Foundations’ Networks: Creating a New Power System
Josep A. Rodriguez
Intra-organizational Networks, Power, Non For Profit Organizations
In this paper we aim at advancing our knwoledge on the process of extension of economic power into
the social civil sphere, in the consolidation of the economic elite into the social elite through their key
role in the foundations’ social space.
By using interlocking directorates of the board of directors of the 100 largest Spanish corporations and
interlocking directorates of the board of trustees of the Spanish foundations we look into the mutually
influencing relationship between the economic power netwotks and the social power networks. We study
the role of the economic elite in the foundations’ social space using it to expand their influence into the
entire society. We also see how the foundations space and the relations among trustees also have
influence over the economic space by forging an “invisible” system of relations between corporations.
The ending result is a new power system bringing together the economic and social spheres.
Page 193
Abstract
Creating and Maintaining a Scale-Free Core-Periphery Fractal Network
Scott L. Feld
Bernard Grofman
Network Theory, Prestige, Academic Networks, Network Mechanisms, Core/periphery, Power
Barabasi’s central contribution to network science has been his analysis of scale-free distributions of
node degrees in a continuously growing symmetric network. We refine this notion to consider directed
networks, where the distribution of indegree is scale-free while outdegree is essentially a constant. We
describe a process that could produce such a pattern within a growing network, and a complementary
process that could maintain this pattern as ties are made and broken among a stable set of nodes. The
process involves actors sending ties to other actors “above” them in proportion to the prestige of those
actors. Other properties of the directed network that arise from this process include a close association
between prestige and overall indegree, a positive correlation of prestige/indegree between senders and
receivers of ties, a core-periphery pattern that supports indirect dominance of the entire network by a
few actors at the top, and a similar pattern when any actors are omitted from the network. We suggest
that this type of pattern naturally arises in various contexts in society; e.g. placements of faculty among
training programs as in sociology or medical schools, or initiating interactions among individual persons
in systems with differentiated recognizable prestige.
Page 194
Abstract
Cross Cultural Social Capital
Zeynep Aksehirli
Social Capital, Culture, Ego-centered Networks
Defining Social Capital as the value derived from networks (Field, 2006), literature identifies three
dimensions: Structural, Cognitive, and Relational (Huysman & Wulf, 2004). Given significant differences
in norms relevant to these dimensions, it is natural to expect differences in form and value of social
capital in various cultures (Chen et al. 1998). This study aims to find out how cultural values shape
dimensions of social capital in differing national contexts. In assessing cultural values Hofstede’s
Cultural Dimensions and Hall’s Context frameworks are used. Hofstede (1984) lays out four dimensions
of cultural values: Power Distance, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity. Hall’s (1976)
framework distinguishes high-context societies where people have close connections over a long period
of time and low context societies where people have many connections of shorter duration, for a specific
reason. Though recent studies analyzed how social capital differ by country (Kääriäinen & Lehtonen,
2006), they focus on economic indicators as a measure. Xiao and Tsui (2007) used measures of cultural
differences, however, they consider two values (individualism, high-low commitment) within one country
(China). The present study builds on and contributes to the literature by using a more comprehensive
approach to culture measurement and gaining access to several national cultures: USA, China (Hong
Kong based), Turkey, Netherlands and Belgium. The study uses a cross-sectional, survey research
where participants fill out an ego-centric network questionnaire, the Resource Generator Questionnaire
and cultural values survey.
Page 195
Abstract
Culture, Structure and Networks in the Israeli Peace Camp
Yulia Zemlinskaya
Collective Action, Qualitative Approaches, Political Networks, Interorganizational Networks, Peace
Movement, Israel
The paper presents the findings from the study which examined the inter-organisational ties among
NGOs and grass-root movements belonging to the Peace camp in Israel. The analysis is based on
combination of questionnaire data with 25 interviews with the leading activists of the organisations which
are part of the inter-organisational network. Formal network analysis is used to examine the exchanges
of information, human and financial recourses as well as mutual support and cooperation between the
organisations, while interviews are utilized to explain the reasoning behind alliance building strategies.
On the level of the whole network, the analysis of the data demonstrates that the networks of mutual
cooperation, support and information exchange between the organisations are relatively dense and
highly correlate with each other. In-depth analysis of the whole network shows that human rights
organisations which tend to cooperate with each other and shy away from the public cooperation with
more radical organisations constitute a cohesive sub-network. It is argued that patterns of cooperation
and alliance building strategies between the organisations to a large extant are influenced by the cultural
and political context within which they are embedded. Contextual factors determine who organisations
are willing to form a public alliance with and who they are willing to cooperate informally.
Page 196
Abstract
Culture, network, distinction: An ethno-computational approach to friendship in SNS
Antonio A. Casilli
Paola Tubaro
Simulation, Qualitative Approaches, Social Networks On The Web, Agent Based Models, Friendship
Network
This paper focuses on how different configurations of privacy settings, content-sharing and culture traits
display affect the formation of online friendship networks. By adopting an innovative
ethno-computational methodology (as developed in Tubaro & Casilli, 2010), we draw on a participant
observation carried out on the popular SNS Facebook to subsequently inform an agent-based model.
The ethnographic phase suggests the hypothesis that culture traits display plays a crucial role in the
creation of ties and is motivated by social capital maximisation. This hypothesis is problematized
through the analysis of simulated network data. New dynamics emerge from the computational
interaction of agents, such as 1) a tension between bridging and bonding dynamics; 2) relevance of
privacy settings; 3) anomie.
As homophily alone fails to account for tie formation and maintenance, Lahire’s (2004) notion of “cultural
dissonance” – through which individuals adhere to their group culture while preserving their “self
distinction” – can be productively conjured up to explain friendship formation in online social networks.
References:
Lahire, B. (2004) La culture des individus : Dissonances culturelles et distinction de soi, Paris, La
Découverte.
Tubaro, P. & A. A. Casilli (2010) “‘An ethnographic seduction’: how qualitative research and
Agent-based Models can Benefit Each Other”. Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, n. 106, (in press)
Page 197
Abstract
Data-Driven Models for Dynamic Networks in Changing Populations
Pavel N. Krivitsky
Mark S. Handcock
Martina Morris
Simulation, Egocentic Networks, Sex Networks, Dynamic Networks, Exponential-family Random Graph
Models
Models of dynamic networks --- networks that evolve over time --- have manifold applications.
Applications in epidemiology present their own challenge, in that the data available are often limited to
egocentric views of the network processes of interest, and in that evolution of these networks comprises
not only changes in relationship states but also changes in attributes and numbers of actors. We
develop and apply a discrete-time generative model for social network evolution that seeks to inherit the
richness and flexibility of exponential-family random graph models (ERGMs) and facilitate modeling of
tie duration distributions, while avoiding pitfalls of some of the past efforts in this area, and adjusting for
changing network size and composition. We develop methods to fit the model to available
cross-sectional, egocentric network and/or tie duration data. We present an application to sexual
partnership data in the context of modeling the structure of HIV spread.
Page 198
Abstract
Data-analytical Methods in Social Network Research
Jaime R. Fonseca
Romana Xerez
Methods, Statistical Models, Social Capital, Latent Class/block Models, Social Network Analysis,
Multidimensional Scaling
In the past two decades, a growing number of social scientists have invoked the concept of social
capital, but there seem to be at least two different usages of this term. In this paper we are more
interested in network measures that might be used to formalize the notion of social capital. Technical
and mathematical applications of social network analysis have increased in the last twenty years, and
we would like to consider the contribution of several techniques such as multidimensional scaling,
correspondence analysis and latent class models. The dataset is a recent survey (n = 402) developed in
the Social Network Analysis perspective, in a Lisbon neighbourhood. Most real networks contain parts in
which nodes are more highly connected to each other than to the rest of the network, and the sets of
such nodes are called clusters or communities. Data analysis suggested a three-cluster latent model,
estimated from both network structure and network resources dimensions, and a two-cluster latent
model, estimated from both trust and reciprocity in the neighbourhood and community engagement
dimensions.
Page 199
Abstract
Defeating Milosevic: The Role of Networked Organizations and the Internet in Serbia in the
1990s.
Christopher Tunnard
Collective Action, Communication, International Networks, Non-governmental Organizations,
Internet/www, Resistance Movements
People in conflict areas are increasingly using new technologies to organize resistance networks and
mount opposition to established organizations and régimes. While resistance movements are using
these technologies in innovative ways (e.g. Twitter in Iran), no one really knows how effective or efficient
they are. There is little research at the intersection of the relevant disciplines: social networks, social
movements, and technology diffusion.
Much of the writing on resistance movements in the Internet era focuses on the paradigm-shifting role of
the Internet (e.g. the Zapatistas in Mexico or the WTO Seattle demonstrations,) but further analysis
shows that the formation of social and organizational networks is what really changes the calculus. So
the focus of studies of the impact of technologies should be on their intermediate role as facilitators of
network development, rather than their direct influence on the outcomes.
But how does one measure the impact of new technologies on the development of social networks and
resistance movements? I use a combination of social network analysis (SNA) and process-tracing
methodologies to examine the “base case” of the Internet era: the development and eventual success of
the Serbian resistance to Slobodan Milosevic during the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Drawing
on data obtained from interviews with more than 50 principals in the Serbian resistance and an
accompanying survey, this analysis results in an improved method for using SNA to measure the
effectiveness and efficiency of small organizations linked by weak-tie, short-path computer and email
connections and their ability to defeat much-larger adversaries
Page 200
Abstract
Diagnostic tools for the analysis of degeneracy in ERGMs
Agnieszka Stawinoga
Exponential Random Graph Models, Social Network, Monte Carlo Simulation
During last years different statistical methods for analyzing social networks have been developed. There
are numerous descriptive techniques that measure properties of a network. From an inferential point of
view statistical models allow to understand whether certain network structures are more commonly
observed in the network than might be expected by chance. The Exponential Random Graphs Models is
the family of models that attempts to represent the stochastic mechanisms that produce ties and the
related complex dependencies.
Aim of this work is to examine the degeneracy and stability of ERGMs for large networks within a
simulation study. Degeneracy and stability are two properties of random graph models that have an
important consequence on the use of these models. Using the different methods and functions proposed
in the literature, we are interested to examine model diagnostics and check for degeneracy. The goal is
also to discriminate non-degenerate and degenerate models and to represent them in suitable
parametric space. Moreover the evaluation of model fit will be established by using of the traditional and
graphical methods for assessing the goodness of fit.
Page 201
Abstract
Dialogue, trust and natural resource management
Renata Tavora
Frederic Mertens
Raquel Grando
Mauro Castro
Katia Demeda
Networks and Natural Resource Management (Lecture)
Trust, Natural Resource Management, Development
Dialogue and trust among stakeholders is important to promote cooperation and collective action aiming
at the building of equitable and sustainable solutions for development problems. In the present study,
we analyze the newtorks of dialogue and trust relationships among stakeholders involved in
development activities in the Amazonian Gateway, a territory from the Brazilian Amazon, with natural
resources threatened by logging, intensive agribusiness and planned infrastructure projects. Face to
face interviews, with 505 members of the civil society, the public and the private sectors, were used to
map the two networks. Although most participants are connected through dialogue relationships
regarding development issues, the trust network is highly fragmented. Lack of trust is especially striking
between the private sector and the two other groups, civil society and public sector. Results contribute
to better understand the roots of the lack of efficiency of natural resource regulations in the Brazilian
Amazon and of the conflicts between NGOs, loggers and farmers who regard each other as enemies
rather than potential partners. Participatory workshops will be carried out to discuss results with the
participants of the study in order to foster dialogue among their conflicting views.
Page 202
Abstract
Differences in National Entitativity and Cohesion (Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences)
Stephen Lieberman
Sean Everton
Jonathan Alt
Culture, Demography, Centralisation, Clustering Coefficient, Network Structure, Large-scale Networks
We follow Blau, Jackson, Lewis, McPherson, et al., Smith-Lovin, Watts, et al., and others in positing that
human behavior is most functionally conceived in terms of the complex social systems within which
actions are taken, and that the representation of these social systems must make evident the
endogenous structural constraints on opportunities for interpersonal contact and group affiliation
(McPherson and Ranger-Moore 1991; McPherson, Popielarz et al. 1992; Blau 1994; Blau and Schwartz
1997; Watts and Strogatz 1998; McPherson, Smith-Lovin et al. 2001; Smith-Lovin 2003; McPherson,
Smith-Lovin et al. 2006; Watts and Dodds 2007; Jackson 2008; Jackson 2008; Lewis 2009). Following a
brief discussion of Homophily Network models (the network theoretic realization of dynamic social
structures as the culmination of distributions of salient individual attributes), we explore the social
structure of several large countries at the national level. We develop homophily networks using open
source data, visualize and analyze these large-N networks using a variety of SNA tools and metrics
related to entitativity, cohesion, and clustering.
Page 203
Abstract
Diffusion in large virtual networks: distinguishing social connections and cultural discourse
influence on the adoption of Twitter clients
Elenna Dugundji
Ate Poorthuis
Michiel Van-Meeteren
With the onset of Internet and phone-based technology, people leave numerous traces of their social
behavior in - often publicly available – data sets. One of the challenges of analysis of these data sets is
delineating meaningful ‘real life’ communities within large and noisy virtual networks. In this paper we
look at a virtual community of independent - or ‘Indie’ - software developers for the Macintosh and
iPhone that primarily interact online. We use a large data set from the social networking site Twitter.
Through pruning methods and a community detection algorithm, we are able to detect the ‘Indie’
community of only 20,000 users within a network of several million edges. Triangulation with qualitative
data proves that the proposed method is able to distill meaningful communities from large, noisy and
ill-delineated networks.
We use this virtual community of ‘Indie’ developers to analyze the adoption of Twitter client software.
Within this community, three software developers have developed Twitter clients that compete for
adoption by users in the same community. Generally, social networks and social capital are considered
to be important variables in explaining the adoption and diffusion of behavior. However, it is contested
whether the actual social connections or the cultural discourse causally determine this adoption and
diffusion. In this paper we are able to analyze how the two different mechanisms influence the adoption
and diffusion of Twitter clients by combining traditional network analysis techniques with discrete choice
analysis.
Page 204
Abstract
Diffusion of Political Rumors from Niche to Mainstream Audiences
Andrei Boutyline
Diffusion, Politics, Culture, News, Twitter, Tie-strength
How do political rumors from niche news sources diffuse to reach mainstream audiences? This study
examines contagion in culturally stratified social networks by employing a novel methodology:
computational analysis of communication on Twitter. I hypothesize that political tastes, like other cultural
tastes, lead to the formation of weak ties if they are mainstream, and strong ties if they are niche. I
explore implications for political news diffusion. Next I examine the structures and actors that cause
niche news to start diffusing along mainstream channels. By using prior data to determine the tendency
of an actor to be involved in niche news diffusion, and by observing where the news is introduced to the
network, I contrast predicted and actual diffusion, and thus locate the instances where it leaves the
niche channels. I test three structural hypotheses about these transitions: they could be accomplished
by high-prestige actors with large trusting audiences (opinion leaders); or by low-prestige actors who
succeed only due to the quantity of repeated attempts; or occur when a mainstream recipient receives
simultaneous exposure from multiple niche sources, as described by complex contagion theory (Centola
and Macy 2007). I develop and apply techniques for testing these hypotheses.
Page 205
Abstract
Disaster networks
Miruna Petrescu-Prahova
Communication Networks (Lecture)
Communication, Communication Networks, Disaster Response
Multiorganizational networks typically emerge during large-scale
disasters due to the need to coordinate response activities among the
many organizations involved. In this paper, we study the emergent
multiorganizational networks (EMONs) formed during the first 12 days
following the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York. We analyze both
the aggregate network, which comprises 717 organizations involved in
the response, and several functional subnetworks defined according to
specific disaster response tasks such as transportation, mass care, or
volunteer coordination. The structure of these networks is
characterized by a small number of high-degree nodes and a large
number of low-degree nodes, thus violating the assumption of nodal
homogeneity in the tendency to form ties to other nodes, a basic
feature of classical exponential-family random graph models (ERGMs).
To address this issue we employ here a newly developed class of ERGMs
that relaxes this assumption and allows for the differential modeling
of nodal degree. In addition, we incorporate organizational attributes
such as organization type (i.e., government, non-profit, profit,
collective) and scale of operations (from local to federal), and seek
to identify the processes that have given rise to the observed
structure of the networks. Possible implications for disaster planning
and emergency management are discussed.
Page 206
Abstract
Discerning Meaning in the Complex Structure of Multiple Networks: An Exponential Random
Graph Approach
Neha Gondal
Paul Mclean
Networks, Economics, and Markets (Lecture)
Exponential Random Graph Models, Economic Networks, Historical Networks, Multiplexity, Meaning In
Structure
In this paper, we attempt to derive the different meanings given to a particular type of tie by different
actors from the structure of the network itself. We argue that differences in the meaning given to a type
of tie—in this case, personal lending—arise from the way ostensibly similar actors are differentially
exposed to disparate contexts, including different exogenous network domains, within a social ecology
of multiple networks. Our argument is based on a descriptive and Exponential Random Graph Model
analysis of a network of over 3500 personal loans involving over 2200 persons in Renaissance
Florence. Within this large directed network, we find the existence of a strong component consisting of
301 nodes and 703 ties. We demonstrate that lending outside the strong component was sparser,
unreciprocated, and typically conducted within family, in accordance with traditional Florentine mores
about lending. Ties within the strong component, in contrast, were embedded in more complex
structures of reciprocation, cyclicity, and transitivity, and participants were significantly more frequently
exposed to participation in the world of Florentine business and public administration. Thus one part of
Florentine lending was traditional, and another part commercialized. ERGM reveals that a two-way
mixed model approach, one that combines features of Markov and Realization Dependent models, as
well as one with structural and attributional effects provides the best possible fit to this ‘real-world’
network of directed ties. In addition, the models demonstrate that higher order triangulation effects are
crucial to obtaining converging models and good fits.
Page 207
Abstract
Discourse Networks and Environmental News: The Promise of Network Analysis within
Qualitative Research.
Mark C. Stoddart
Howard Ramos
David B. Tindall
Qualitative Approaches, Discourse Analysis, Two-mode Networks, Media
Social network analysis has traditionally been identified with quantitative approaches to research design
and analysis. However, its techniques are also usefully applied to qualitative data. Network analysis
offers a means of mapping relationships among not only social actors, but also discursive themes.
Drawing upon media coverage of environmental conflict in British Columbia and Nova Scotia, Canada,
we illustrate how network analysis can amplify qualitative research. We use network analysis and
qualitative data software to show how claims, or discursive themes, are in fact nodal points of more
complex networks. This technique preserves the integrity of qualitative data but also allows researchers
to map the large-scale connections among discursive themes, claims-makers, and media outlets. It
offers a promising approach to mixed method research.
Page 208
Abstract
Discovering new roles of journalists using social network analysis and twitter
Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva
Miriam Meckel
Jana Eberman
Thomas Plotkowiak
Matthes Fleck
Information Exchange, Social Network Analysis, New Media Ecosystem, Information Brokerage, Social
Media, Iran Elections
The Twitter coverage of the Iranian election is not the first precedent where user generated content and
social media have caught global attention (Morozov, 2009) (Zuckerman, 2009).
Based on the theory of the "Two-Step Flow of Communication" (Lazarsfeld et Al., 1948) and methods of
Social Network Analysis, this paper analyzes the twitter networks of professional journalists and
bloggers in the Iranian context in order to describe their new role in the social media ecosystem. On the
example of the journalist Robert Mackey, we investigated how he is using social media as a potential
information source. We then analyzed the information flow from his sources to his readers based on his
twitter accounts and his blog. Analyzing betweenness measures and determining his position in the
network consisting of 35 sources and 210 readers we were able to observe that Mackeys position in the
information process about Iran shows characteristics of an information brokerage role (Burt, 1999). To
verify this finding we analyzed over 100.000 tweets of his twitter readers and found that while some of
his very Iran interested readers prefer to obtain information directly from the original sources most of his
readers choose to use him as a source of information instead. Based on the results we were able to
show the emergence of new media ecosystems (Bowman and Willis, 2005) where professional
journalists are trying to find a more authentic and conversational role with their audience. The identified
network structure shows, that social media like twitter might have the potential to change the media
production and reception processes dramatically.
Page 209
Abstract
Discovering scientific communities using conference network
Alejandro Mussi
Aliaksandr Birukou
Fabio Casati
Luca Cernuzzi
Community (Lecture)
Centrality, Community Structure, Community Networks, Conference Networks
This paper presents an algorithm and a tool for discovering scientific communities. Several approaches
have been proposed to discover community structure applying clustering methods over different
networks, such as co-authorship and citation networks. However, most existing approaches do not allow
for overlapping of communities, which are instead natural when we consider communities of scientists.
The approach presented in this paper combines different clustering algorithms for detecting overlapping
scientific communities, based on conference publication data. The Community Engine Tool (CET)
implements the algorithm and was evaluated using the DBLP dataset, which contains information on
more than 12 thousand conferences. The results show that using our approach it is possible to
automatically produce community structure close to human-defined classification of conferences. The
approach is part of a larger research effort aimed at studying how scientific communities are born,
evolve, remain healthy or become unhealthy (e.g., self-referential), and eventually vanish.
Page 210
Abstract
Discovering the Network Structures that Support Massive Distributed Collaboration in Wikipedia
Lev Muchnik
Sinan Aral
Wikipedia, Collaboration Network
Wikipedia is perceived by many as a set of flourishing online collaboration projects. However, only 23
out of 268 Wikipedias in different languages exceed the size of a typical encyclopedia, while in majority
of projects the rate of new contributions actually decreases.
In this paper we make use of the transparency of the communication between Wikipedia contributors
and the entire history of the evolution of Wikipedias in different languages. We conceptualize Wikipedia
projects as different instances of distributed, collaborative knowledge creation projects in which distinct
sets of individuals operate in identical setups striving to achieve similar goals. By analyzing the
dynamics of each Wikipedia, the details of their changes and edits and the network structure and details
of the interactions of its contributors, we identify the collaboration patterns associated with the
successful growth or subsequent failure of different projects.
More specifically, the work consists of two parts. First, we define and study a number of measures which
utilize the Wikipedia network structure, detailed records of changes to encyclopedia content and usage
rates of each page (Page Views) to assess the success of each Wikipedia project. Second, we quantify
communication patterns between contributors and identify those which are most correlated with the
success or failure of the project.
Page 211
Abstract
Distance Measures for Dynamic Citation Networks
Michael J. Bommarito
Daniel M. Katz
Jonathan Zelner
James H. Fowler
Measures, Citation Networks, Dynamic Networks
Acyclic digraphs arise in many natural and artificial processes. Among the broader set, dynamic citation
networks represent a substantively important form of acyclic digraphs. For example, the study of such
networks includes the spread of ideas through academic citations, the spread of innovation through
patent citations, and the development of precedent in common law systems. The specific dynamics that
produce such acyclic digraphs not only differentiate them from other classes of graphs, but also provide
guidance for the development of meaningful distance measures. In this article, we develop and apply
our sink distance measure together with the single-linkage hierarchical clustering algorithm to both a
two-dimensional directed preferential attachment model as well as empirical data drawn from the first
quarter century of decisions of the United States Supreme Court. Despite applying the simplest
combination of distance measures and clustering algorithms, analysis reveals that more accurate and
more interpretable clusterings are produced by this scheme.
Page 212
Abstract
Diversity of Aggregate Neighborhood Network Exposures and Adolescent Problem Behavior:
The Case of Immigrant Concentrated Neighborhoods
Christopher R. Browning
Lauren J. Krivo
Mei-Po Kwan
Heather Washington
Aubrey Jackson
Jodi Ford
Geographic and Social Space (Lecture)
Adolescents, Multilevel Analysis, Deviance, Community Networks
Research examining neighborhood effects on adolescents has emphasized the role of residential
neighborhood characteristics. Yet, individuals maintain “activity spaces” that often include
non-residential neighborhoods. In the aggregate, neighborhoods are embedded in larger networks of
neighborhoods based on patterns of external neighborhood exposure among residents. Focusing on
Latino immigrant enclaves, we argue that the aggregate level of diversity with respect to Latino
immigrant concentration characterizing non-residential neighborhood exposures increases problem
behavior among local Latino youth. Latino enclaves with residents who are exposed to more diversity
(and lower levels of immigrant concentration) in the neighborhood network will face challenges in
reinforcing shared normative orientations rooted in immigrant status, with implications for the informal
social control of youth. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study, we
operationalize diversity using kernel density measures of individual non-residential activity space
(capturing routine activities, e.g., going shopping, to church, or to work) for samples of adults from 34
immigrant-concentrat ed census tracts in LA County. Neighborhoods with more variability in the means
of immigrant concentration characterizing activity spaces are considered more diverse. Results of
multilevel non-linear models of sexual activity and substance use indicate that diversity is associated
with sexual activity and drug use among 1st generation Latino youth. These findings demonstrate that
the protective effect of “immigrant enclaves” may be tempered by the characteristics of the larger
neighborhood network to which residents are exposed.
Page 213
Abstract
Do Central Players Perform Better?
Eva M. Eckenhofer
Social Capital, Trust, Academic Networks, Social Network Analysis, Performance, Network Structure
Social Capital, the outcome for individuals from networks with shared norms and values, has already
been discussed as a driver for innovation and performance improvement. Social Capital is a resource
embedded in social structures, which can be accessed as well as mobilized in purposive actions. The
functions of Social Capital are transparency, which reduces transaction costs by improving information
flow and rationalization, which reduces uncertainty and increases flexibility, leading to enhanced
performance and innovation. There exist various theories about social resources and structures leading
to Social Capital, discussing whether network closure or the absence of ties is the key to success.
Nevertheless little is known about the relation between network centrality and Social Capital. Therefore
this paper aims to contribute to the discussion by analyzing in a case study the structural position of
actors who are rich in Social Capital. Additionally it will be assessed if those actors who are central in
the social network are the ones with the highest performance. This study was based on an online survey
of 50 students from a Czech University, who form a network of doctoral students. For the detection of
Social Capital a procedure developed and tested in the European Values Study Surveys was applied
and the relational data has been analysed by social network analysis using UCINET.
Page 214
Abstract
Do changes in the personal networks of immigrants over time reflect a process of integration in
the host society?
Miranda J. Lubbers
José L. Molina
Chris Mccarty
Migration, Personal Networks
In this paper, we analyzed how the personal networks of immigrants change over time with increasing
length of residence in the host society. International migration disrupts personal networks, and
considerable time evolves before the networks are reconstructed. We argue that the process of network
reconstruction reflects the process of integration in the host society. Of a larger sample of four groups of
immigrants in Barcelona (Argentineans, Dominicans, Moroccans, and Senegalese) interviewed in
2004-2006, 77 respondents were re-interviewed two years later. At both observations, respondents
were asked to nominate 45 alters, and to provide information about alter and relationship attributes and
about the relationships among alters. We tested whether overall, we could observe a tendency toward
integration, with a larger number of Spanish alters, stronger relations with Spanish alters, a higher
centrality of Spanish alters, and stronger interrelations among alters of different groups. Based on
previous results showing that indicators of tie strength were poorly correlated among immigrants, we
furthermore tested whether these indicators became more correlated over time. Last, we tested whether
immigrants with longer residence in Spain had more stable networks than more recent immigrants.
Overall, a tendency toward integration was not found. Change patterns were diverse, with some
migrants showing a tendency toward – in Berry’s terms – integration, a few toward assimilation and
others toward separation. Results indicated that a high turnover of network members was associated
with a considerable structural stability. We discuss how we distinguished real change from temporal
instability.
Page 215
Abstract
Does Context Matter in The Social Networks of Low-Income Women
Silvia Dominguez
Tenille Allen
Mixed Methods Network Studies (Lecture)
Structure Variation, Homophily, Culture, Immigration, Network Composition, Poverty
Wilson (1987) spearheaded the argument that concentrated levels of poverty
in a neighborhood have deleterious consequences for its residents. Central
to this notion is that socioeconomic homogeneity leaves residents socially
isolated, without relationships or exposure to working and middle class
people. These arguments have pushed policymakers to consider ways in which
public housing residents can have access to diverse social networks.
Consequently, many formerly low-income housing developments are changing
through the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere VI (HOPE VI) program
and other initiatives into mixed-income developments. Using longitudinal
ethnographic data collected in Chicago and Boston, we ask if context matters
when it comes to developing heterogeneity in the social networks of
low-income African-American women living in a mixed income development and
Latin-American women living in a traditionally homogeneous public housing
development. Our findings indicate that context does not matter; instead
the development, composition, and activation of social networks were more
reflective of the cultural background and the historical nature of race
relations in the locality.
Page 216
Abstract
Does university generate social capital? The role of university-based social networks in the
university-to-job transition
Cristiana Martini
Monica Palmas
Giovanna Galli
Social Capital, Labor Markets, Education, Careers, Job Search, Human Capital
Tertiary education is not only a powerful means to develop human capital, but also an important source
of social opportunities in the Granovetter’s perspective of the labour market. During their formative
career, students meet many people who could enhance quality and quantity of the “weak ties” in their
social network; above all, other students (in the same or in different disciplines), characterised by
common interests, and common, or complementary, professionalism, some of which will become the
future ruling class. Italian universities do not have the same illustrious tradition of fraternities and
sororities as the American universities, nevertheless some personal ties hold out for several years after
graduation, and can provide excellent sources of professional information exchange, counselling,
recommendation. Other forms of social capital provided at university are the connections with teachers,
but also with people working in companies, especially in recent years, when many universities have
implemented formal collaborations with the labour market. In this note we present results from a survey
conducted on MSc graduates of the Faculty of Communication and Economic Studies at the University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Students who graduated in the last year and those graduated two years
before are interviewed by telephone about their professional outcomes, the size, strength and
composition of the social network generated at the university, and the professional usefulness of this
network. The analysis of two cohorts of graduates allows to assess the persistence over time of
university-based social capital.
Page 217
Abstract
Dynamic Bag-of-Word Construction through Amazon Customer Reviews
Hauke Fuehres
Jonas Krauss
Stefan Nann
Peter Gloor
Detlef Schoder
Sentiment, Product Reviews, Dynamic Bag-of-word
Classic sentiment retrieval focuses on a particular domain like product or movie reviews and applies
dictionary/bag-of-wo rd methods. These approaches are static in regard to the structure of their
bag-of-word and the domain being analyzed. This project’s goal is to construct a dynamic bag-of-word
(DBoW) for any given context through utilizing Amazon’s product categories as a taxonomy and
Amazon’s customer reviews as a training dataset. By applying social network analysis metrics,
relevance levels of individual customer reviews will be considered in order to achieve higher DBoW
quality (e.g. helpful reviews will be considered as more relevant). This will lead to a holistic sentiment
model suitable for classification of documents from any given domain.
The approach consists of two steps: first, a given word or phrase, representing the context/subject
domain, is classified based on Amazon’s product taxonomy. Fuzziness is applied to find all potential
matches. In case of multiple matches the match with the highest degree of similarity will be chosen, or
manual selection will be applied. Second step is the construction of a dictionary consisting of positive
and negative words/phrases specifically adapted to the identified domain. Construction uses positive
and negative customer reviews for products from the domain as training dataset. The social network of
customers will provide clues about a review’s individual impact for the DBoW construction.
Page 218
Abstract
Dynamics of Teachers’ Mathematics Networks and Mathematics Instruction
Chong min Kim
Kenneth A. Frank
Knowledge Networks, Dynamic Network Analysis, Social Network, Education, Meta Analysis, Siena
Recent evidence suggests that a teachers’ social network has a significant effect on the teacher’s
norms, learning in communities of practice, distributed leadership, and the diffusion of innovations.
Nevertheless, little effort has been made to estimate co-evolving networks and behaviors in education.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the social selection and dynamics in teachers’ mathematics
network and instruction. Research questions were that 1) Do teachers’ social networks relate to their
instruction? If yes, what actors might account for the patterns observed in these social networks? 2)
How do teachers’ mathematics network and instruction change over two years? What can explain this
dynamics? Sample was 209 teachers across 10 schools in 2007 and 2008. The P2 4.0 and SIENA 3.2
were used for selection and actor-oriented models respectively. The finding show that prior mathematics
network, same grade taught and same subgroup accounted for the pattern of interaction in selection
modeling and that reciprocated dyad network, transitive triplets’ network, same grade taught and same
subgroup explained the dynamics of mathematics network in micro and macro actor-oriented modeling.
The results suggest that teachers’ mathematics network can improve mathematics instruction by setting
formal (grade) and informal (subgroup) structure.
Page 219
Abstract
Dynamics of multilevel networks in market organization: the case of a trade show
Emmanuel Lazega
Julien Brailly
Josiane Chatellet
Guillaume Favre
Marie Jourda
Multilevel Network Analysis (Lecture)
Network Dynamics, Multilevel Networks, Entrepreneurship, Labor Markets, Markets, Interorganizational
Networks
We present the first steps of a network study of market organization based on the observation and
analysis of scheduled meetings between sellers, buyers, distributors, advertisers and producers at an
international trade show for television programs. We use a “linked-design” approach in which each level
(inter-individual and inter-organizational ) constitutes a specific exchange system of different resources
among actors present at this commercial event. We examine levels separately, but also jointly. We raise
the issue of the dynamics of such multilevel structures and provide a first approach to such dynamics by
looking at individual actors’ trajectories over time in the labor market created by the inter-organizational
network of companies represented at this fair.
Page 220
Abstract
ERGMs vs Latent Space Models: Comparing their goodness-of- fit for Kapferer's tailor shop
network
Nicola Soriani
Mark S. Handcock
Latent Cluster Random Effects Models, Exponential-family Random Graph Models, Goodness-of-fit
One of the goal in social network analysis is to obtain models that are able to reflect the observed
network. In this context, it is central to develop general tools that allow to evaluate goodness and
flexibility of the different modeling approaches proposed in the literature.
In this contribution we compare goodness of fit [Hunter et al., 2008] of the exponential-family random
graph models (ERGMs) in their new geometrically alternative specification [Hunter, 2007], and the
Latent Cluster random effects models [Krivitsky et al., 2009]. Data on the Kapferer's tailor shop are used
[Kapferer, 1972] and results from the two modeling approaches are evaluated in terms of characteristics
not explicitly in either model (degree, minimum geodesic distance, edge-wise and dyad-wise shared
partners distributions).
Latent clusters random effects models are considered more flexible for their ability to model
simultaneously many important network features (transitivity, homophily, community structure,...) while,
on the contrary, ERGMs are extremely sensitive to model specification. Despite of these models
characteristics, preliminary results show that networks generated by ERGMs are closer to the observed
ones.
Page 221
Abstract
ETHICS
Keely Eyre
Ben Johnson
Ian Mcculloh
Ideology, Ethics, Co-authorship Network
This paper investigates how ethical beliefs might influence co-authorship in an academic environment.
Social network data is collected where the nodes consist of individuals who posted comments in
reference to a statement on insna.org's SOCNET ListServe that the military only uses social networks to
kill people. Nodes also include people who, in the last five years, co-authored with the individuals
posting comments to the ListServe. Multi-plex relations represent co-location, affiliation, co-authorship,
and beliefs concerning the military's use of social network analysis. Findings suggest that ethical beliefs
concerning the military are correlated with clustering in the co-authorship networks.
Page 222
Abstract
Ecological Dynamics of Discourse in Scientific Communities
Drew B. Margolin
Citation Networks, Discourse Analysis
This research theorizes and tests the proposition that discourse within social communities exhibits
patterns found in biological and organizational ecology. The dynamics explored include density
dependence, cooperation and competition, and path dependence. The scarcity of attention is treated as
the fundamental resource constraint. To gain attention, it is argued that texts must be recognized as
both comprehensible -- likely to demand a limited amount of attention -- and meaningful -- likely to yield
useful insights when attention is granted. It is argued that to facilitate the production of meaningful texts,
communities develop constitutive rules that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable terms,
statements, and configurations there-of. These constitutive rules serve as selective pressures,
legitimating the use of some terms and statements over others, leading to ecological patterns.
Data are drawn from abstracts, keywords and citations from scientific papers in nanotechnology and its
sub-fields. Discursive communities are identified using techniques for identifying scientific sub-field
communities from citation and co-citation networks. Texts are analyzed longitudinal patterns in the
frequency of usage of individual terms (density dependence), the co-occurrence of terms (cooperation
and competition), and correspondence with features of prior discourse (path dependence).
Page 223
Abstract
Economic Credit in Renaissance Florence
John F. Padgett
Paul D. Mclean
This paper analyzes 5000 economic credits among 400 companies in Renaissance Florence, to
determine both their network topology and their social embeddedness. The findings illustrate that
commercial credit at that time was a mixture between anthropological gift-giving and extremely
sophisticated mathematical accounting. A new theory of markets, based on clearing through reputation
rather than clearing through prices, is proposed.
Page 224
Abstract
Economic Networks and Regional Instability
Iain J. Cruickshank
Dan Evans
Terrorism, Economic Networks, Longitudinal Analysis
Economic conditions underlie many of the conflicts in the world, to include fomentation of radical
ideologies. In contemporary society, many of these radical ideologies form the bases for terrorism and
other salient points of conflict. This research seeks to statistically correlate international trade conditions,
both local with the trading entity and the global network as a whole, to regions where radical ideologies
are present. Prior to this investigation, there has been significant work investigating the impacts that
terrorism and other security threats have on economic conditions. However, very little research has
examined the relationship between economic conditions and formation of terrorist groups. This project
examines annual global trade data from 1948 to 2000 to develop a global trade network. From there,
nodes are given attributes according to whether radical terrorist groups exist within their borders during
the given annual time frame. Then a series of analyses are conducted to determine which
economic-based network factors are significant in the terrorist regions in the network. These analyses
were conducted using statistical inference to determine whether the measures were significant on a
local, subgroup level as well as for the network as a whole. Most notable among these measures were
centrality, flux of volume of trade, and connection density. Thus, form the analyses applied in this
project, a significant correlation exists between economic conditions and the presence of radical terrorist
ideologies in a region.
Page 225
Abstract
Effect of Background, Attitudinal and Social Network Variables on PhD Students’ Academic
Performance. A Multimethod Approach
Lluis Coromina
Aina Capo
Jaume Guia
Germa Coenders
Mixed Methods, Academic Networks, Education, Ego-centered Networks, Performance, PhD Students
The aim of the study is to predict the academic performance for PhD students with a multimethod
approach. First, we use a quantitative approach to find out which variables predict performance. Then,
we use a qualitative method to attempt to understand some unexpected results from the previous
quantitative analysis.
In the quantitative analysis, we first collect the data through a web survey of PhD students and their
supervisors. The explanatory variables represent different characteristics of the PhD students’ research
groups, understood as social networks; and also background and attitudinal characteristics of the PhD
students and their supervisors. The academic performance of PhD students is measured by the
weighted number of publications and conference presentations. Then, we specify a separate regression
model for each of the three types of variable. Later we combine them, we find that only background and
attitudinal variables are valid predictors of PhD student academic performance. However, the literature
on PhD student success stresses the importance of the research group and social networks. Therefore,
we decided to conduct a qualitative analysis to try to uncover the reasons why the quantitatively
measured network variables fail to translate into increased student’s performance.
The goal of the qualitative study is, thus, to understand the PhD students’ point of view and to better
know what or who fostered or hindered their research performance. We collected data using in-depth
interviews with extreme/deviant case sampling and typical case sampling techniques. The qualitative
research shows networking as important for students. Out of the 115 aspects that students mention in
the interviews as relevant to publishing, 92 have to do with their supervisors, their research group or
their network as a whole. Similarly, out of the 50 hindrances mentioned, 20 have to do with the networks
or relations. The most commonly mentioned network related helpful topics are research group members
pushing PhD students to publish, meeting researchers outside the research group, existence of other
PhD students in the group, help with the PhD from group members, supervisor’s interest in the thesis,
the possibility of discussing with experts on the PhD topic and frequent contact with the supervisor and
research group members.
Page 226
Abstract
Effects of Change Adoption on Social Networks in Organizations
Florian Schloderer
Network Dynamics, Diffusion, Organizational Change, Intra-organizational Networks
Previous studies on the diffusion of change in organizations usually draw on three basic assumptions.
First, they assume that social networks affect the adoption of change. Second, these studies usually
explain the transformation of networks by fundamental social processes that occur independently from
organizational change (such as homophily), and third, they suppose that social networks remain static
during the change adoption process. However, these assumptions ignore the fact that social networks
do not only affect, but can also be affected by the adoption of organizational change. In this paper,
theoretical mechanisms are discussed that explain why and how actors transform their social networks
in the context of organizational change. To explore the effect of change adoption on the transformation
of social networks, a dataset is gathered with full network data of an organization in which major
organizational change is implemented. To analyze this dataset, dynamic actor-oriented models
developed by Snijders (2001, 2005) are used. Finally, the implications of this new perspective for a
successful implementation of organizational change are discussed.
Page 227
Abstract
Effects of Individual and Group-Level Properties on the Robustness of Emergency-Phase
Communication Networks
Sean M. Fitzhugh
Network properties (Network Robustness) (Lecture)
Communication Networks, Disaster Response, Network Structure, Social Networks, Robustness
Maintaining network connectivity is essential to carry out complex, coordination-heavy tasks. Disaster
response networks tend to be hub-dominated and therefore rely heavily on the most connected
members of the network to disseminate information. In the case of the response to the World Trade
Center attacks of September 11th, 2001, the most connected members of disaster response teams
were often actors in coordinative roles. This paper examines the importance of these actors by
simulating several systematic node failures. The effect of node failures on network connectivity depends
on the type of network—specialist or non-specialist—and who is being targeted — random actors,
actors in coordinative roles, or high-degree actors. Using robustness scores which I derive by simulating
failure of these three types of actors, I compare robustness across networks to see which of these
networks are most vulnerable to which types of node failures. Furthermore, comparing the results of
these failures across different measurements of connectivity—direct and mutual connectivity and isolate
formation—yields information on how these failures dismantle these networks. I find that specialist
networks are most vulnerable to loss of high degree actors, who often tend to be those in coordinative
roles. Once those nodes fail, the remaining nodes tend to be isolated, without a contact in the network.
On the contrary, non-specialist networks tend to remain relatively connected (and produce fewer
isolates) when their coordinators are removed. Both remain quite susceptible to degree-targeted
failures.
Page 228
Abstract
Ego-network cards as tool for studying transmission of local culinary and medicinal knowledge
of Tyrolean’s who emigrated to Peru, Australia and Brazil
Ruth Haselmair
Heidemarie Pirker
Elisabeth Kuhn
Christian R. Vogl
Qualitative Approaches, Knowledge Transfer, Personal Networks
Local Knowledge is context specific knowledge that is dynamic due to it’s changing ecological, social
and economic environment. Research on dynamics of local knowledge is important to better
understand influencing variables on this specific body of knowledge, and the process of its
transformation and it’s transmission. In a research project, in 2008 and 2009, personal networks of
sources of local knowledge of emigrated Tyrolean’s were visualized using network cards in Peru,
Brazil and Australia. The purpose of the study is to gain more insight on the process of transmission of
local knowledge looking at Tyrolean emigrants in three different migration contexts. Simple white
paper sheets were used to create network cards in combination with qualitative interviews, giving
informants room for narratives related to actors of their ego-network. Qualitative hermeneutic analysis
of the narratives and quantitative analysis of the ego-network cards were combined to gain more
insight on the process of transmission of local knowledge and about sources of knowledge. The
migration context and its infrastructure have influence on quantity and kind of sources of local
knowledge, whereas similarities can be found looking at role, gender and personal distance of persons
as knowledge sources. Human sources and especially kinship plays an important role transmitting
culinary knowledge, whereas in the case of medicine plants non human sources are used more often.
Page 229
Abstract
Eliciting Personal Social Networks through Diagrams
Lixiu Yu
Jeffrey V. Nickerson
Collecting Network Data (Methods) (Poster)
Visualization, Personal Networks, Cognitive Science, Diagrams
We can gain insight into the perceptions of ties between people
through the diagrams used to represent these ties. The results of four
participant studies of personal social network diagramming are
presented, focused on creation, evaluation, manipulation, and
mediation. In the diagram creation study, diagrams were collected from
both face-to-face and online participants, through a vector-based
drawing tool we developed. In the diagram evaluation study, a set of
pre-drawn diagrams were presented to participants who were asked for
their preferences. In the interactive study, we provided pre-drawn
diagrams whose topology could be manipulated on line until the
visualizations felt appropriate to the participants. Finally, in the
study of mediation, participants were asked to draw their social
network together with the devices and software used to communicate
with alters.
The visual methods we have developed and tested provide additional
information by eliciting spatial information that correlate with
emotional bonds such as the intimacy of a relationship. Specifically,
those people and technologies playing particular roles in a person’s
life are represented regularly in certain positions, measured both by
distance and angle in relation to the ego.
The techniques we have developed have been used online through
crowdsourcing marketplaces to elicit networks and the nature of links
in the network. Together, our studies show that both the topology and
the Euclidean characteristics of the elicited, evaluated, and
manipulated diagrams provide important information. This work can be
applied to the automated visualization of electronically mediated
social networks, as well as to the elicitation of personal social
networks.
Page 230
Abstract
Eliciting communities from personal network visualizations: ties, groups and communities
Romina Cachia
Isidro Maya-Jariego
Personal Networks, Community, New Media
This study contributes to the debate on personal networks and communities, and attempts to explore a
possible link in the context of new media and mobility. The research has been undertaken using
personal network analysis, interviews and questionnaires, on a sample of 15 foreign individuals residing
in Seville, aged between 24 and 37 years. The paper investigates a new approach for eliciting
communities through personal networks and also identifies various characteristics of the communities
elicited. It also explores the sense of community experienced with a selection of the groups and the
communities and the major characteristics of the personal networks derived. Results indicate that the
personal networks method generated three times more communities than the spontaneous method.
Through the examination of this method, it became clear that the role of groups cannot be ignored
because for many respondents groups and communities are interrelated. This study shows that while
communities provide a latent over arching sense of community, groups provide a higher, more specific
and functional sense of belonginess. Of the communities identified, communities outside Seville
predominated showing the significant role of new media technologies in how respondents connected
with their groups and communities. Six different typologies of respondents´ own visualisations of their
personal networks have been identified reflecting egos’ perception of their own networks.
Page 231
Abstract
Elitist and Pluralist Interlocking Networks across the World
Julian Cardenas
Interlocking Directorates
The empirical literature of power structures and interlocking directorates requires an up-to-date
comparative study among national power structures to figure out the emergence of new maps of power.
First, we compare corporate networks and director networks of twelve developed countries using data of
50 largest corporations and their board of directors in 2005. After applying multivariate analysis of MDS
and hierarchical clustering we differentiate an Elitist type of power networks based on structural
cohesion, centralization and multiple directorship interlocks –Italy, Spain, France, Canada, Germany,
Netherlands and Sweden; and a Pluralist type based on autonomy, cut-points and single directorship
interlocks typical of United Kingdom, Japan, Switzerland, US and Australia. Similarities and differences
are explained by institutional structures: financial market, state intervention and ownership–control.
Second, we embed national structures in the international corporate and director networks to discuss
the transnationalization of national elites and the struggles between elites through mergers and
acquisitions.
Page 232
Abstract
Email networks and social networks in organizations. A study of a medium-sized bank
Rebeka Lex
Balazs Kovacs
Andras Vicsek
Recently there has been a surge in the availability of online data on
the connections among people, and these new online data have been
increasingly used to map the social structures of communities. There
have been less research, however, on how these new types of relational
data correspond to classical measures of social networks. To fill this
gap, we aim to contrast the structure of an email network with the
underlying friendship and advice-seeking networks. Our dataset
contains detailed email communications among employees of a
medium-sized bank, and of a survey of the ego networks of the
employees. We find that although the email structure is related to the
underlying social structure, emails are not perfect proxies for social
networks. Thus, we argue, researchers should be cautious in merely
relying on email data to map social networks.
Page 233
Abstract
Emergence of core groups in dynamic sexual contact networks
Boris V. Schmid
Mirjam Kretzschmar
HIV/STD, Sex Networks, Dynamic Networks, Agent Based Models, Emergent Behaviour
Heterosexual contact networks typically are sparsly connected dynamic contact networks, with a small
group of highly connected `core group members'. In epidemiological studies, these core group members
are defined by their observed behaviour, such as a high numbers of partners in a given time period, or
the presence of casual partnerships concurrent to a steady relationship. However, in many of the
models used to describe the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) through sexual contact
networks, being member of a core group is defined as a state that one acquires at birth or by chance,
and loses somewhere during its lifetime. Typically in such models core member have a different rule set
for pair formation than the one used by non-core members.
Here we show how abandoning the assumption of a pre-defined core-membership state for a model in
which core-membership behaviour is the result of local network interactions, affects both the network
structure and the properties of disease spread in a small actor-based model of 40,000 hosts. In the
latter, core membership behaviour is an emergent property based on a set of pair formation rules which
are the same for all individuals in the population. Pair formation is influenced by the local network
structure of individuals and therefore network structure evolves by self-organization. The fixed core-state
and evolving core models in this comparison are otherwise identical, and fitted to the same data sets
from sexual behaviour surveys.
Page 234
Abstract
Emerging Perceptions: Using Longitudinal Analysis to Examine the Dynamic Power Structures
in Networks
Kasey L. Walker
Communication Networks, Collaboration, Siena, Cognitive Social Structures, Longitudinal Analysis
This manuscript argues for a dynamic understanding of the “recursive relationships between observable
communication and cognitive social structures” (Monge & Contractor, 2003, p. 197). Drawing on
previous work in this area, this manuscript asks us to reconsider cognitive social structures as an
emergent phenomenon. Through longitudinal modeling and a multilevel approach, we can better
understand the (re)enactment of cognitive social structures over time. Research has focused on (1)
explaining how a person constructs a particular cognitive social structure (e.g., attributional effects such
as hierarchical position) and (2) explaining consensus among actors or accuracy relative to the
observed network or the consensual cognitive structure (e.g., relational effects such as other social
network ties). Furthermore, research has linked a person or group’s ability to match the consensual
cognitive structure with increased influence, reputation, and the ability to organize. All of these
explanations, however, can benefit from understanding how these structures emerge over time and how
they are influenced by actor attributes as well as overall network structure and relationships external to
the network being studied. The manuscript then provides a case study of an engineering collaboration
using longitudinal analysis (SIENA) that examines how this approach to can add to our current
conceptions of perception—to extend our theorizing about mechanisms that explain the emergence and
impact of cognitive social structures.
Page 235
Abstract
Emotional Support and Information Networks in a Mental Health Client-based Advocacy
Organization
Dahlia Fuentes
Bettie Reinhardt
Mental Health, Advocacy Organization, Client Empowerment And Recovery
Consistent with the recovery movement, mental health advocacy organizations emphasize client
empowerment through peer-led outreach, advocacy, support, and educational programs. Active
participation in the organization’s operations and governance by mental health service clients and
families is encouraged and fostered. Yet, the extent in which an organization's structure reflects client
empowerment remains unclear. The focus of this study is to gain clarity about the information and
support structure and the operation of social networks among employees and board members of a
mental health advocacy organization in Southern California, USA. Network questions included who
individuals go to for information about mental health and/or recovery, as well as for emotional support.
Data was analyzed using UCINET. The correlations between each individual’s identification with mental
illness (i.e., self, family member, friend, or none) and whom they go to for emotional support or
information about recovery were calculated using Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP). Although the
associations are weak, statistically significant results demonstrate that individuals seek out their peer
group for information (r=0.109, p<0.05) and emotional support (r=0.130, p<0.05). Network diagrams
illustrate that clients and family members are sought for support and information, thus suggesting that
client and family empowerment is taking place through the networks of this organization. Network
analysis is a viable tool to help organizations identify and formalize peer support networks that promote
client empowerment and recovery.
Page 236
Abstract
Emotional Support and Tie Strength: Mechanisms through which Adolescent Friendship
Networks Influence Smoking
Cynthia M. Lakon
Social Support, Adolescents, Network Mechanisms, Smoking
While studies have examined the relationship between social bonds and risk behavior among youth
populations, the mechanisms through which social networks promote risk behaviors among adolescents
warrant further explication. Past work has suggested the importance of examining emotional support as
a mechanism through which networks relate to health, however other work suggests the merit of
investigating other social processes. This study tests the simultaneous contribution of two social
processes -- emotional support transacted in friendships and the strength of friendship ties -- as
mechanisms through which characteristics of adolescent networks influence smoking behavior, to gain
insight into which social process more strongly accounts for the relationship between network
characteristics and adolescent smoking. These competing hypotheses are examined simultaneously
using a Structural Equation Modeling approach. This study utilizes data from the National Longitudinal
Study of Adolescent Health in grades 7 through 12.
Page 237
Abstract
Engineering Contagion: Identifying Optimal Seeding Strategies in Social Networks
Sinan Aral
Lev Muchnik
Arun Sundararajan
Diffusion, HIV Risk, Product Adoption, Peer Influence, Seeding In Network Environment
Which key nodes should be targeted or seeded to achieve either the broadest adoption or the most
effective containment in a network? Here we develop and validate a framework for evaluating seeding
strategies in which correlated node outcomes may be caused by a combination of peer influence and
node homophily. While both may play significant roles in the diffusion of behaviors, beliefs and product
adoption through social networks [Aral et. al. PNAS 2009, 106:21544-21549], the presence of one rather
than the other implies very different optimal promotion or containment strategy.
Our approach uses robust identification of homophily-driven diffusion and peer influence from individual
and network characteristics, requires knowing only a small set of actual outcomes, and accommodates
incomplete information about network structure, making it especially useful for real-world problems
where complete data is rarely available. It integrates a pilot phase explicitly into the seeding strategy
where measured outcomes from limited exploratory seeding are used to simulate the effectiveness of
alternative policies and then optimally exploited in subsequent large-scale seeding. We test the
framework using a massive empirical data set containing 27 million subjects and hundreds of thousands
of adopters of a new mobile service product over 5 months.
Page 238
Abstract
Epistemic authorities and local mechanisms of coordination in the French biotech industry
Alvaro Pina-Stranger
ERGM/P*, Entrepreneurship, Interfirm Networks, Careers, Advice Network, Coordination
Collective learning is associated with entrepreneurs exchange forms. Between organizations,
coordination capabilities are limited by the absence of a formal hierarchy defining who has the "right to
know". In this context, the relational proximity induced by industrial co-localization facilitates the
emergence of coordination mechanisms. The analysis of the French Biotech entrepreneurs’
relationships allows us to highlight some of these mechanisms, in particular the existence of
differentiated roles in the local exchange system.
Page 239
Abstract
Estimating Hidden Population Size using Respondent-Driven Sampling Data
Mark S. Handcock
Krista J. Gile
Corinne M. Mar
Link-tracing Network Sampling (Lecture)
Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS, introduced by Heckathorn 1997) is an approach to sampling design
and inference in hard-to-reach populations. These populations are characterized by the difficulty in
sampling from them using standard probability methods. Typically, a sampling frame for the target
population is not available, and its members are rare or stigmatized in the larger population so that it is
prohibitively expensive to contact them through the available frames. Examples of such populations in a
behavioral and social setting include injection drug users, men who have sex with men, and female sex
workers.
Most analysis of RDS data has focused on estimating aggregate characteristics of the target population,
such as disease prevalence. However, RDS is often conducted in settings where the population size is
unknown and of great independent interest. In this paper, we present an approach to estimating the size
of a target population based on the data collected through RDS. This strategy uses the successive
sampling approximation to RDS introduced in Gile (2009) to leverage the information in the ordered
sequence of observed personal network sizes. We develop inference within the Bayesian framework
that allows prior knowledge of the population size to be incorporated. We show via a simulation study
and application to real data that these approaches also improve estimation of aggregate characteristics
based on RDS data.
This is joint work with Krista J. Gile (Nuffield College, Oxford) and Corinne M. Mar (University of
Washington).
Page 240
Abstract
Ethical ties and network-based ethics in banking: the case of Cooperatives in the Greek
periphery
Theodoros Katerinakis
Networks and Culture (Values) (Lecture)
Economic Networks, Centrality, Behavior Change, Ethics, Change, Autonomy
Homo Communicans seems to prefer to be connected and stay in contact with their surrounding world.
Mutuality and social cohesion through sustainable finance, especially at a decentralized local level,
function as security mechanisms in the current era of turbulence. Non-commercial ties of buyers- sellers
matter in major purchases. Most such transactions take place among kin, friends, or acquaintances that
substitute impersonal markets, especially when decisions involve high uncertainty. Connectedness
rather than expertise prevails or risk favors reliance on friends and relatives in order to make decisions,
sustain and support them. This paper argues that connectedness resides in the network structure of a
cooperative. The paper proposes two further steps: (1) introduces social network analysis to visualize a
cooperative banking network, as the epicenter of an inclusive social network. The case study is
Cooperative Bank of Chania. (2) Connects trust and integrity with the central value of Greek culture
philotimo, a unique conscious arete of honor and pride, as expressed through acts of generosity and
sacrifice. It is a script of a collective programming of mind, matches with credibility, and the ritual of
keeping your word without reserving it in a contract. Philotimo has its anthropological roots in the poetics
of manhood disclosed in micro-communities of the Greek periphery. It is also consistent with virtue
ethics of Aristotle and kalokagathia as contributions of Greek economic thought. In Greek cooperative
banks, doing business is another facet of the social networking coin, where Homo Diktyous override
utilities of Homo Economicus.
Page 241
Abstract
Ethics and Social networks: Practical insights from mixed methods case study research
Barbara J. King
Mark S. Paine
Ruth I. Beilin
Philosophy of Networks (Lecture)
Mixed Methods, Social Network Analysis, Ethics, Real World Networks
Social network analysis is a powerful tool for mapping and analyzing social processes including the flow
of knowledge and communication. In real world networks the process by which SNA 'makes the invisible
visible and the intangible tangible’ raises a range of ethical questions about how network participants
need to be prepared and protected as part of the research process. Ethical consideration also needs to
be given to the processes of collecting and interpreting data to make certain it is valid and that SNA
research maintains its integrity as a method for addressing questions about relationships and social
processes.
The theory and practice of social network analysis has been extensively developed in recent decades. It
has become an increasingly popular method used in both academic and organizational network
research in real world settings. There is however limited development of ethical frameworks to support
real world application of SNA. In such settings ethical questions arise not only during the initial stages of
framing and planning research (pre-data collection consent, confidentiality) but also during subsequent
stages of data collection, member checking, analysis, recommendations and application of findings.
This paper will discuss ethical challenges that have emerged during empirical social research in two
separate Australian rural case study contexts. The first case study set out to address questions of
knowledge sharing (Project 3030) in relation to a complex agricultural innovation. The second was a
pilot study to consider community connectivity of Landcare groups involved with issues of local natural
resource management. Both projects used a mixed methodology approach with qualitative research
undertaken alongside SNA research. In both projects unanticipated ethical questions arose despite both
having formal university ethics clearance. Many emerging ethical questions are likely to be context
specific, but there is also a need for discussion among SNA real world researchers to consider generic
issues and how an appropriate ethics framework for SNA may be developed.
Page 242
Abstract
Evaluating Cross Functional Teams in the Public Sector
Joss Douthwaite
Poster Session (Poster)
Organizations, Intra-organizational Networks, Collaboration, Teams, Management
Governments set up cross-functional teams so that the knowledge and resources of
several departments can be applied to problems requiring individual or innovative
solutions. The hope is that the staff seconded to these teams will find it easier to work
with their colleagues from other departments than if they remained under their
present administrative structures. This paper reports on the use of SNA to find out
the extent to which this happened when a team dealing with young people was set up.
The analysis showed that the basis on which staff were seconded to the new team
and the style of management they then received were crucial determinants of their
interactions and, consequently, to the flow of information and resources. This was
because seconded staff needed to maintain strong relationships with
colleagues in their home departments in order to make the resources of those
departments available to fellow team members. Equally, they needed to
establish strong relationships with other members of the team so that those
members knew what resources were available and felt able to ask for them.
Managing a cross-functional team therefore involves balancing the development
of internal cohesion on the one hand with the maintenance of strong external ties
on the other. The study concludes that managing a cross-functional team is very
different from managing a conventional one and that SNA is a valuable tool for
identifying weak links in a team's networks and improving its performance.
Page 243
Abstract
Evolución del concepto de redes sociales a partir de la utilización de las redes de sentido
Gabriel Vélez-Cuartas
Scientific Networks, Meaning Networks, Social Network, Social Network Analysis, Scientometrics, Social
Systems
Un estado general del arte sobre el concepto de redes sociales en la producción científica es
presentado. El estudio da cuenta de las principales concepciones metodológicas y teóricas asociadas al
concepto en la literatura en Inglés, Español y Portugués. Se toma el período de 1995 al 2008 y las
publicaciones Social Networks, Redes: Revista Hispana para el Análisis de Redes Sociales y artículos
tomados de las bases de datos JSTOR y SCIELO.
Hay pocos estudios sobre la evolución conceptual del término redes sociales. Uno de los estudios más
recientes fue el Loet Leydesdorff y otros autores publicado en la última edicion del 2008 de “El
Profesional de la Información”. En este estudio se presentan resultados relevantes a la producción de la
revista Social Networks desde el año 1985. Aquí se ha pretendido ampliar no sólo el objeto de estudio a
la producción en otros idiomas como el portugués y el español, sino también utilizar un modelo
metodológico diferente que ha permitido ampliar la base analítica.
El modelo utilizado ha sido el de redes de sentido el cual presenta un marco teórico metodológico
basado en los planteamientos de la teoría de sistemas sociales de Luhmann y el desarrollo de
herramientas metodológicas provenientes del análisis de redes sociales exploratorio. La redes de
sentido permiten distinguir grupos de textos por palabras, especialidades y referencias compartidas,
proyectando genealogías temáticas y evolución histórica conceptual. La herramienta analítica
fundamental del modelo es el concepto de componentes de distinciones el cual hace una fusión entre el
concepto de componentes débiles del análisis de redes sociales y el término distinción proveniente del
cálculo de la distinción de George Spencer-Brown y la sociología de Niklas Luhmann.
Page 244
Abstract
Evolution of creation field
Josep C. Bosch
Culture, Historical Networks, Event Data, Work, Fashion, Typology
Our study shows the transformation of the production field (from 1980 to 2005) of the professional
writers members of a professional organization (AELC). We study how change the complexity of the
tasks, the relationships with the media industry and with the literary genders, using data from a survey.,
We build with mutiresponse questions Russell-Rao matrixes to study the evolution of the networks.
Among the principal findings we find that networks of tasks follow generational profiles and reflect the
adaptation to the cultural market.
Page 245
Abstract
Evolutionary games on 2-mode networks
Jorge Peña
Yannick Rochat
Henri Volken
2-Mode Networks (Lecture)
Evolution, Cooperation, Agent Based Models
Evolutionary models attempt to predict whether a given trait can evolve by natural selection in a
population of reproducing or imitating individuals. Traditionally, such models assume infinite well-mixed
populations, so that evolution can be analytically described using differential equations. However, real
populations are finite and not well mixed. For instance, humans interact more often with friends than
with strangers. This realization has lead to the adoption of complex networks for modeling more
plausible population structures in evolutionary models. In such models individuals sit on the nodes of a
1-mode network and interactions are modeled by means of 2-player games played between nodes
sharing a common edge. Adopting this new formalism, several studies have shown how different
structural properties of the network (e.g. degree distributions and clustering) play an important role on
the outcome of evolutionary processes. For instance, clustered networks with highly heterogeneous
degree distributions seem to foster the evolution of cooperation in the 2-player Prisoner's Dilemma, Stag
Hunt and Snowdrift games.
In this work, we propose using 2-mode (a.k.a bipartite) networks instead of traditional 1-mode networks
as population structures for evolutionary game models. In our framework, games are conceptualized as
top nodes to which bottom nodes (players) are attached. This allows us to consider any n-player game
with n equal or greater than 2. Thus, general public goods games can be easily studied from a network
approach. We will show examples of the models that can be constructed using this framework and the
influence that different structural properties, such as top and bottom degree distributions and bipartite
clustering, have in the evolution of cooperation. Both real and model networks will be discussed.
Page 246
Abstract
Evolving hypergraphs to appraise academic team formation processes
Carla Taramasco
Jean-Philippe Cointet
Camille Roth
Knowledge Networks, Methods, Academic Networks, Dynamic Networks, Team Formation,
Hypergraphs
This paper quantitatively explores the social and socio-semantic patterns of constitution of academic
collaboration teams. To this end, we broadly underline two critical features of social networks of
knowledge-based collaboration: first, they essentially consist of group-level interactions which call for
team-centered approaches. Formally, this induces the use of hypergraphs and n-adic interactions,
rather than traditional dyadic frameworks of interaction such as graphs, binding only pairs of agents.
Second, we advocate the joint consideration of structural and semantic features, as collaborations are
allegedly constrained by both of them.
Considering these provisions, we propose a framework which principally enables us to empirically test a
series of hypotheses related to academic team formation patterns. In particular, we exhibit and
characterize the influence of an implicit group structure driving recurrent team formation processes. On
the whole, innovative production does not appear to be correlated with more original teams, while a
polarization appears between groups composed of experts only or non-experts only, altogether
corresponding to collectives with a high rate of repeated interactions.
Page 247
Abstract
Evolving issue positions, emerging conflicts: a longitudinal model of political campaign
dynamics
Jan Kleinnijenhuis
Semantic Network Analysis (Lecture)
Communication Networks, Political Networks, Balanced Triad, Conflict, Content Analysis, Longitudinal
Analysis
Political campaigns in a multi-party democracy amount to unstable political communication networks.
Parties have to choose whether they will distinguish themselves with unique issue positions, or whether
they will copy the issue positions of the most successful parties (in a 2-mode parties x issues network).
Furthermore they have to choose whether they should attack their ideological enemies, or their
ideological neighbors so as to knock out parties who attract ideologically nearby voters (in a 1-mode
parties x parties network). Moreover they have to reckon with the newsworthiness criteria of journalists.
Consistent issue positions, as well as attacks on traditional ideological enemies, may be considered as
old news by journalists.
The current paper presents a simultaneous longitudinal model of evolving issue positions (in the parties
x issues-network) and of emerging conflict or cooperation between parties (in the parties x parties
network). Theoretical notions like autoregression, reciprocity, transitivity, closure, and agreement will be
employed to specify the drivers of change. The data to estimate the parameters of the model come from
a daily content analysis (semantic network analysis) of the campaign coverage in print media and in
television news during the four months that preceded the five most recent national elections in the
Netherlands (1994-2006).
Preliminary versions of the model explain about one third of the variance in biweekly changes in the
campaign news networks. The data clearly show that the (1-mode party x party) network of conflict and
cooperation differ enormously from the (party x party) network that can be inferred from the (2-mode
party x issue-network of the) issue positions of parties. The model gives a cue why in some elections the
centrist Christian-Democrats and extreme parties could win, while in other elections moderate parties to
the left and the right of the political centre could win.
Page 248
Abstract
Examining Multiplexity in a Research Organization
Jonathon E. Mote
Jerald Hage
Multiplexity, Organizational Behavior, Research Networks, R&D
Organizations are arenas of cooperation, coordination and conflict. In addition to the formal relationships
defined by the organizational chart. Organization are comprised of a range of informal relationships
among individuals. These informal relationships structure into regularities and patterns that can be
understood in terms of social networks. In conjunction with, or in opposition to, the imposed patterns of
interaction found in formal organizational structures, these informal networks can have a dramatic
impact on how an organization works, influencing knowledge flow and transfer, work cooperation and
problem-solving, support, and even friendship. In short, it is crucial to understand these social networks
in order to understand how an organization functions.
In this article, we analyze multiple social networks at the Center for Satellite Applications and Research
(STAR), a research division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In
previous studies on STAR, we have examined networks based on project affiliations (Mote et al, 2008;
Mote et al, 2007). Although these analyses yielded interesting insights, looking at project affiliations is a
very limited way of understanding an organization’s social networks. In this current study, we sought to
examine the multiple ways that people interact at STAR. Looking at multiple networks offers the ability to
examine several different types of relationships and interactions within an organization. The condition of
simultaneous multiple networks is typically referred to as multiplexity. In this article, we explore multiple
social networks at STAR. In particular, we focused on three types of social networks that have been
identified as important in the organizational literature: communication, problem-solving and trust. Our
interest in these distinctions stems not only from the differences in content, but also because the
literature suggests that each may play a role in explaining organizational performance.
As in our previous articles, the social network analyses in this study were coupled with the research
environment survey. This allows us to uncover not only network structures, but the perceptions of the
actors as well. In this manner, we are able to identify whether there are any patterns among specific
networks, such as actors with high closeness in communication networks. An underlying assumption
here is that depending upon the position within the network, certain individuals may have more
knowledge about the characteristics of the processes of innovation at STAR.
Page 249
Abstract
Examining Online Organizational Development through the Extraction and Analysis of
Longitudinal Network Data from the World Wide Web
Matthew S. Weber
Peter Monge
Organizations, Methods, Web Mining, Data Collection, Organizational Development, Online Networks
Since the mid 1990s, organizations have used the World Wide Web as a tool for sharing information and
establishing connections with other organizations. Few studies, however, have taken a comprehensive
look at how organizations have developed online networks over time. This work validates the use of the
Internet Archive (archive.org) as a tool for reconstructing historical online organizational networks, and
illustrates how these networks can be used to analyze organizational development over time. As of
2009, the Internet Archive has recorded, parsed and archived more than 40 billion Web pages; this
constitutes roughly 12 complete crawls of the known Internet and provides a substantive sample of the
networks that exist between Web sites. This study utilized a custom Web crawler – WEBextract - to
extract network data from the archive. Subsequently, a series of filters were then developed to parse out
unwanted sites and extraneous links. In addition, organizational studies require validation against
secondary sources in order to develop reliable representations of historical networks. To demonstrate
how the Internet Archive can be used in practice, a study is presented using a sample set of 3000 online
news organizations. The results show the step-by-step process of reducing hyperlink networks to valid
organizational networks, and highlight the role that organizational strategy plays in the development of
online networks over time. Although this work focuses on organizational networks, the techniques
presented here can be applied to a wide range of research topics.
Page 250
Abstract
Examining the Role of Network Centrality in Hepatitis C Infection among Rural Appalachian Drug
Users
Adam B. Jonas
Carrie B. Oser
Jennifer R. Havens
Infectious Diseases and Social Networks (Poster)
HIV/STD, Centrality, HIV Risk, Rural Communities
Objective: Network centrality measures are hypothesized to be important predictors of disease
transmission. However, few extant studies have demonstrated the association between network
centrality and the connection to blood borne infections such as the Hepatitis C Virus(HCV).
Consequently, the goal of the current study is to explore the relationship between centrality and HCV
infection among Rural Appalachian Drug Users. Methods: Study participants included 308 rural
prescription opioid users. Using a network inventory names were generated for sex and drug network
membership in the 6 months prior to the respondents’ baseline interview. Network linkages were verified
before inclusion into the network. A blood test was undertaken to determine the presence of antibodies
to the hepatitis C virus. Network measures were then calculated using UCInet 6 and modeled using
multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 308 drug users sampled the majority were male (60%)
and white (93.1%) with a median age of 31 years. 147 tested positive for HCV (40.7%). In addition to
lifetime injection drug use (IDU) (adjusted odds ratio: 17.12, 95% CI: 14.56, 20.13), greater eigenvector
centrality was independently associated with HCV adjusting for age, race, gender, and clustering of
individuals within risk network components (adjusted odds ratio: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.09). Conclusions:
These findings further support the role of network membership and its association with infectious
disease risk, even after the adjustment for individual-level factors such as IDU. Ideally, future
observational studies will validate the utility of eigenvector centrality in predicting HCV seroconversion.
Page 251
Abstract
Explaining Patterns of Interorganizational Network Dynamics
Alexander C. Smit
Marius T. Meeus
Joerg Raab
Two-mode Data, Network Dynamics, Inter-organizational Networks, Hierarchical Models, Innovation
Networks, Cooperation
Studies on patterns of interorganizational network dynamics to date are either mainly descriptive (see
for example Gay & Dousset 2005, Powell Koput et al. 2005 or Cantner and Graf 2006) or conceptual
(see for example Madhavan, Koka et al. 1998 or Koka, Madhavan et al. 2006) The application of
exponential random graph modeling in the area of inter-organizational networks is almost not existent
yet.
In the descriptive studies, usually different network measures at two or three time points are calculated
and then an explanation is given for the observed pattern. The conceptual studies specify different
conditions in the network environments and then formulate hypotheses about how the reaction to these
different environmental conditions by individual nodes leads to different patterns of network dynamics.
However, because it is usually very difficult to collect sufficient longitudinal data to test hypotheses and
systematically advance theory, there remains a gap between what we conceptualize and what we can
empirically describe or even explain in terms of patterns of network dynamics.
Our study pursues a contribution to this theory-data gap by both testing/expanding the hypotheses
formulated in earlier work on network dynamics (Rosenkopf and Padula, 2008) and expanding the
comparison of patterns in network dynamics across different technological fields to control for the
robustness of network endogenous effects. We draw on a new 2-mode dataset that contains information
on ~1.800 projects conducted in the period 1981-2003 in which individual scientists (~900) work with
different organizations (~2.400) to utilize basic scientific knowledge. We expect significant differences in
patterns of network dynamics due to network endogenous (e.g. structural) and network exogenous
effects (e.g. resource availability, development stage of technological field).
Page 252
Abstract
Explaining decision-making structures in Swiss politics: A combination of SNA and QCA
Manuel Fischer
Methods, Power, Political Networks, Conflict, Decision-making Structures
The aim of my paper is to explain decision-making structures (DMS). In order to do this, I compare 11 of
the most important decision-making processes in Switzerland between 2001 and 2006.
Decision-making structures (DMS) describe the relations between collective actors collaborating and
fighting for influence in a policy network. DMS have important consequences on the policy output and
consist of mainly two dimensions, which are power and conflict. Each of these dimensions consists of
two aspects. Concerning conflict, one must determine the dominating conflict line and the level of
conflict. Concerning power, one should assess the dominating actor group and the distribution of power.
These four aspects of DMS constitute the dependent variables of my study.
My analysis concentrates on different policy domains, whose comparison allows identifying the factors
that explain a given DMS. I will take into account a set of factors such as the degree of Europeanization,
of mediatization, or the amount to which institutional factors such as federalism, the pre-parliamentary
phase or direct democracy play a role. These theoretical factors postulate mechanisms from which the
literature, for each of the factors alone, developed a number of hypotheses. However, I assume that
these different factors interact with each other when they influence the DMS.
The analysis will rely on an innovative integration of two methods. In a first step, I rely on Social Network
Analysis to describe the dimensions of DMS. The dimension of conflict will be operationalized using data
on convergence and divergence of collective actors’ positions as well as techniques of block-modeling.
The dimension of power will be operationalized using data on collective actors’ reputation and centrality
in the collaboration network. This network data has been gathered from interviews with representatives
of roughly 25 actors per network. In a second step, in order to detect the different combinations of
causes which lead to different DMS, the 11 cases are compared by a Qualitative-Comparat ive Analysis
(QCA). Social Network Analysis – as a tool to precisely describe cases – and QCA – as a tool to
compare them – combine very well for the analysis of complex phenomena such as DMS. However, the
two methods have, with very few exceptions, never been combined before.
Page 253
Abstract
Exploiting the knowledge shared among the members of a virtual community: collaborative
innovation processes in a global automotive company
Giuseppina Passiante
Pasquale Del-Vecchio
Dario Rollo
Laura Schina
Francesca Grippa
Community (Poster)
Marketing, Virtual Environments, Text Mining, Innovation, Community, Collaboration Network
The rising of Web 2.0 technologies is changing the traditional way companies search and interact on the
web, enabling open knowledge sharing processes and collaborative innovation.
This paper describes a methodology to consolidate a collaborative Innovation approach based on
exploitation of knowledge shared on the web and active participation of customers within new product
development process.
We tested the methodology in a case of a global automotive company that has enhanced its new
product development process by launching a forum and creating a virtual customers community.
The research has been articulated into three main steps: 1) identification of the main areas of analysis:
New Product Development Strategies and Collaborative Innovation Tools; 2) data collection through the
observation of the Company’s forum and forum/blogs launched by other firms; questionnaires and
face-to-face meetings with a manager in charge of new product development; 3) application of a web
text mining model (Yin, et al., 2007) to extract relevant data from the information exchanged on the
company’s forum.
The preliminary results indicate that the ideas exchanged by customers on the company’s forum could
be used in the phase of “New Ideas Generation” and “Product Concept Design”. The next step of this
research is to implement the web text mining tool within the Company’s platform for relational marketing,
in order to explore the links among the emerging ideas and recognize lead users.
Page 254
Abstract
Exploring Adolescent Rejection and Victimization Dynamics with SIENA
John M. Light
Julie C. Rusby
Tom A. Snijders
Adolescents, Embeddedness, Siena, Actor-based Models, Bullying, Victimization
Prior research has established that socially marginal youth are more likely to be bullied and victimized
by their peers than their more socially-integrated youth. In this study, we examine the interplay between
social integration and victimization in four middle schools in the US (age range approximately 12-14)
across 1.5 school years, during which time 6 waves of complete, school-wide network and behavioral
data are available. Analyses focus on victimization in relation to different types of rejection, e.g., global
isolation, affiliation with marginalized others, affiliation with better-integrated others, and other
embeddings. Trajectories of rejection are also examined in relation to the extent to which they expose
youth to victimization.
Page 255
Abstract
Exploring the Changing Social Structure of the United States of America (1972-2008) with
Homophily Networks
Stephen Lieberman
Sean Everton
Homophily, Social Cohesion, Social Influence, Dynamic Networks, Large-scale Networks, Longitudinal
Analysis
Smith-Lovin et al. 2006; Watts and Dodds 2007; Jackson 2008; Jackson 2008; Lewis 2009). Following a
brief discussion of Homophily Network models (the network theoretic realization of dynamic social
structures as the culmination of distributions of salient individual attributes), we explore changes in the
social structure of the United States at the national level across four decades. We develop homophily
networks of the USA using open source data, visualize and analyze these large-N networks using
popular SNA tools (e.g., Pajek, Network Workbench), as well as prototype SNA software. We discuss
changes in national core-periphery patterns, as well as entitativity, dispersion, and clustering metrics.
We investigate the relationships between socio-demographic features and brokerage roles for segments
of the US population, and relate our findings to historical accounts of segmentation in the United States.
Page 256
Abstract
Exploring the role of early decision makers and externalities in on-line bulletin boards
Shu-Li Cheng
Wei-Chung Liu
Individuals frequently make their decision based on learning from the information of others. Theories of
herd behaviour or information cascade suggest that individuals display a tendency towards mass or
copied behaviour (Bikhchandani, Hirshleifer and Welch, 1992). It is reasonable to assume that a large
group is less likely to make wrong choices than a smaller one as the latter needs to trigger an
informational cascade (Banerjee, 1992; Leoni, 2008). This may be rational as other decision makers
may possess some information which is important for the individual taking the decision (Banerjee,
1992). This research uses data from the on-line bulletin boards in Taiwan to investigate the effect of
early decision makers on subsequent behaviour of others. The bulletin board system allows the
registered users to express whether or not they agree with the authors of posted messages. We
examine whether there is a difference between early decision makers showing approval and those of
showing disapproval on subsequent behaviour of others. We suggest that if one agrees with the author,
it is more likely for him to react and show his approval. In contrast, if one disagrees, he may hesitate in
responding and wait for others to signal their disapproval first. Moreover, the effect of (positive)
externalities may be more appealing in the group of disapproval compared with that of approval.
Page 257
Abstract
Exploring the structure of FOSS communities: Do local communities differ from global one?
Susan Bastani
Mahin Raissi
Open Source, Structure, Social Network Analysis, Local And Global Communities
Social network analysis (SNA) provides a suitable framework for studying scientific and working online
communities. Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) development/use communities are good samples of
such communities in which a high level of collaboration takes place and considerable amount of code,
information and products are exchanged every hour. Different aspects of the FOSS phenomenon have
been studied by many scholars over the years, however, few studies on structure of these communities
exists in the literature.
In this paper we show how SNA can be used for studying online communities’ structures by presenting
our findings on two FOSS communities: a local Persian (Mambolearn) and a global (Mozilla Firefox)
FOSS community. Our analysis is based on both qualitative and quantitative indicators. Findings show
that FOSS communities have a layered structure and members are arranged based on their activities.
Layers become stable after a while (as project and community becomes stable) but members change in
layers continually. This makes them dynamic, decentralized and meritocratic. We also found that FOSS
communities provide a new method of learning and knowledge production. Comparing these two cases
shows that local and global communities have different structures despite their nearly equal lifetimes.
Different structures depict different maturity phases and consequently different working and
collaboration policies.
Page 258
Abstract
Expression of sentiment by different node positions in email networks
Ken Riopelle
James A. Danowski
Amanda Bishop
Text Analysis, Sentiment, Email Networks, Semantic Networks, Co-occurrence Of Keywords,
Time-series Networkks
Earlier research (Schaefer, 1985) found that individuals with radial networks expressed more evaluative
sentiment in an online synchronous discussion forum.
They also expressed more emotion in greeting new users who entered the forum.
Danowski (1986) attributed this higher sentiment of those with more radial, centralized ego-centric
networks to the fact that these bridging network individuals were motivated to share sentiment obtained
from diverse social networks with those whose networks were yet to form or were in interlocking,
bonded networks. Their positioning as centralized processors of more diverse information uniquely
qualified them for making sentiment expressions about information and in response to questions from
others in that their cognitive load was highest (Carley, 2001). Higher cognitive load was found a strong
predictor of emergent leadership. We argue that emergent leadership includes not only the exchange of
diverse information but the expression of more sentiment in the evaluation of it for others benefit.
Email data gathering from individuals across a global automotive component enterprise was
automatically captured by the researchers’ server over time. Central network positions in the email
network were strongly associated with the expression of highly positive sentiment, and of negative
sentiment to a lesser extent. A toridial screw model is suggested. Central nodes produce evaluative
cognitions in a toroid structure that over time elevates into a third dimension of network space because
positively charged sentiments spin upward and negative sentiments spin downward. This rotation and
elevation enables the screwing toroid to move through the more dense regions of the network spreading
sentiment messages.
Page 259
Abstract
Extended Structures of Mediation: Re-examining Brokerage in Dynamic Networks
Emma S. Spiro
Ryan M. Acton
Carter T. Butts
Dynamic Networks, Disaster Response, Interorganizational Networks, Dynamic Brokerage
Recent improvements in the availability of large-scale dynamic data, particularly from automated data
collection, have resulted in increased scholarly interest in dynamic network analysis. With these new
sources of data, researchers can re-examine many traditional network concepts which were originally
motivated by dynamic processes. In this paper we re-explore the concept of brokerage in social
networks. Brokerage occurs when one acts as an intermediary between two others who themselves lack
a direct connection. We elaborate on the concept of brokerage as a process, and extend traditional
measures of brokerage to the dynamic case by developing a measure of dynamic brokerage.
Additionally, we provide an application of this new measure to a case study involving collaboration
among organizations in an evolving network. Our research suggests substantial differences in
brokerage opportunities when comparing the traditional case to the dynamic one. This research adds to
the growing set of social network methods that can be applied to dynamic structures. Implications of this
research for investigations of brokerage activity are also discussed.
Page 260
Abstract
FOSS Communities as Socio-Technical Networks: A hybrid approach
Susan Bastani
Mahin Raissi
Mahmoud Sadeghi
Open Source, Socio-technical Network, Actor Network Theory, Social Network Theory
Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) communities are mostly online and are combined of three
interconnected networks: social, technical, and socio-technical. Although many scholars have studied
these communities and social and technical networks, however, the study of socio-technical networks
has not so far received much attention.
Two of the most important theories and frameworks that exist in the literature for studying networks are
the Social Network theory and the Actor-Network theory. In this paper we explore and compare these
theories and propose a combination which is more suitable for exploring the structure of FOSS
communities. To describe and clarify our point of view, we use our findings achieved from applying this
technique to Mozilla Firefox’s online community in Bugzilla. We show that this hybrid approach can
describe the structure of the FOSS communities and other similar socio-technical networks more
precisely than each theory can do separately.
We extracted networks for the year 2008 from the Firefox’s online community through Bugzilla. We
divided these networks into 12 smaller ones, each for one month, and then analyzed them using the
Social Network Analysis (SNA) framework. Our findings show that socio-technical networks are different
from both social and technical networks. As such, to have a complete and comprehensive
understanding of such communities, we need to use complete socio-technical networks instead of social
or technical ones.
Page 261
Abstract
Factors of Online Social Network Usage
Marek Opuszko
Johannes Ruhland
On-line Communities, Social Networks On The Web, Social Network, Youth Networks, Online Survey
Researchers have long recognized the potential of Online Social Networks (OSN) like Facebook.
Nevertheless only few studies have investigated people’s motivation for using OSN and the importance
that OSN have in the user’s everyday life. Especially in Europe, studies considering that issue are
sparse.
For this purpose over 3,000 OSN users were questioned in a survey focusing on the most popular
German speaking OSN - Studivz.
Based on descriptive findings, a picture of the typical OSN user, regarding demographics, and
socioeconomic status for OSN usage, is drawn. Using factor analysis five, basic motivations for OSN
usage could be indentified: Self-Expression, Communication, Relationship, OSN as an
Organizational-Tool and the Exchange of Views. Moreover we show that OSN usage significantly differs
according to several preditcors and sigificantly changes over time in some groups. So do women and
men as well as high vs low educated differ in their patterns of usage.
We further examine what common communication tools OSN substitute. We point out the relation
between real-life and OSN friendship, show the users’ sensitivity regarding their information privacy and
investigate why some people explicitly decide not to use OSN.
The theoretical and practical relevance of the results is discussed in relation to previous research and
proposals for future research are given.
Page 262
Abstract
Family Social Capital in the Life of a Firm: A Comparison between the Old and New Economy
Fortunata Piselli
How economic behaviour and the institutions are influenced by social relations is one of the classic
questions of social theory. The paper uses the concept of social capital to investigate the various ways
in which family relational resources influence the economic performance of small and medium-sized
enterprises, in both traditional sectors ('old economy') and innovative ones ('new economy'), in the three
Italian macro-regions: North-West, Third Italy, and the South. It considers the following phases and
dimensions of a firm's life: start-up and growth, operation, employment dynamics, critical events or
accelerated development. The paper uses network analysis to investigate the concrete strategies of
individuals and families, and to identify the nature and content of relations and their evolution in time.
The results show that family relational resources have more weight in the old economy than in the new
one, in small firms more than in large ones. In the South, where small firms are most concentrated,
family relational resources also exert a 'virtuous' influence on the new economy, demonstrating that also
in the South (as in the Third Italy) family and kin are able to construct stable solidarities and to sustain
economic innovation. Still to be clarified is whether the family basis of small firms - not only in the South
but also in the Centre and North-East - results from a deliberate organizational choice by entrepreneurs
or from their inability to operate in new markets and to exploit new technological opportunities. In other
words, not yet determined is whether the familistic nature of firms, while apparently consolidating them,
may not also weaken their action.
Page 263
Abstract
Family Trajectories and Social Networks: the life course in an intergenerational perspective
Rita Gouveia
Karin Wall
Sofia Aboim
Vanessa Cunha
Cátia Nunes
Vasco Ramos
Social Networks and Life Course Transitions (Lecture)
Social Network, Family, Trajectories, Life Course
One of the strongest features of the modernization of family life in Western societies is the diversification
of the family trajectories of individuals, who are today able to construct their lives with greater freedom
than in the past. The decline of marriage and of the birth-rate, the increase in the number of divorces
and remarriages, and the emergence of alternative life-styles for couples, are all changes which have
influenced the format of family trajectories and transformed the way individual and family lives mesh
together. A second fundamental change has taken place in the social networks of which individuals are
a part throughout their lives. These have become more diverse, in terms of both function and internal
organization, which is today focused more on elective affinities than on the strict limits of kinship ties. By
carrying out a national survey using a representative sample (N = 1500) of men and women born
between 1935 and 1940, between 1950 and 1955 and between 1970 and 1975, this study seeks to
compare the family trajectories and the social networks of three different generations (each representing
a different period of entry into adult life.). In this paper we will present some preliminary findings
highlighting the egocentric networks of contact, emotional support and conflict. These exploratory
analyses will provide insight on the linkages between social networks and life trajectories in their various
dimensions (educational, professional, partnership/marital living, geographical mobility, reproductive).
Page 264
Abstract
Faster Pathfinder algorithm for sparse networks
Vladimir Batagelj
Anže Vavpetič
Visualization (Lecture)
Layout Algorithms, Data Reduction, Scientometrics, Weighted Links, Algorithms, Pathfinder
In larger weighted networks the visual inspection can't be used anymore
for identifying essential parts of the network. An approach to this problem
are the pruning algorithms. They are used to remove less significant links,
allowing the more salient links to be found. An example of a network pruning
algorithm is the Pathfinder algorithm, developed in cognitive science to
determine the most important links in a network. Later
works have extended its use to many other fields of application.
The original Pathfinder algorithm (Schvaneveldt et al., 1988)
has time complexity O(n^4) - can be used on some tens of vertices only.
Recently a group of Spanish authors (Guerrero-Bote et al., 2006)
presented an improved version of the Pathfinder algorithm with
time complexity O(n^3 log n) - can be used on some thousands of
vertices.
In the paper we present a version of Pathfinder algorithm that takes
into account that the large networks are usually sparse. This
algorithm can be used also on some tens of thousands of vertices.
We present comparison of algorithms and some applications of the new
algorithm on typical networks.
Page 265
Abstract
Fertility relevant social networks. A mixed-methods study on personal relations and the
transition to parenthood.
Sylvia Keim
Mixed Methods, Social Influence, Family
The network perspective studying individual behavior in its relational context promises new insights in
family research that is largely dominated by – in Granovetter’s terms – “undersocialized” or
“oversocialized” views of the individual. Little is known about the relevance and influence of social
relations on fertility behavior in Western countries, including the channels and mechanisms of social
influence, and how exactly personal relations and social networks affect individual decision-making on
family formation. This paper presents a mixed-methods study on social networks and fertility intentions
in western Germany, focusing on the interrelation of network structures and fertility intentions and
identifying six types of fertility relevant networks.
Page 266
Abstract
Finding Valuable Information Flows in Networks
Ching-Yung Lin
Zhen Wen
Lynn Wu
Values And Social Networks, Productivity, Diffusion, Network Analysis, Behavioral Networks,
Large amount of information flows in social networks. People are usually overwhelemed by them. Is it
possible to estimate or predict the value of information flows by analyzing the charactersitics of social
network and semantic analysis of information?
We have been collecting more than 20 millions of email and instant messaging communications,
including the time stamps, to whom they communicate with, the subjects, the content statistics, from
10,000+ volunteers in 76 countries for more than 3 years. Besides, more than 2 million of social
software data (including bookmarking, file sharing, wiki, blog, etc.) and knowledge and learning activities
for more than 30,000 employees were collected. These data have been used for inferring the dynamic
social networks and expertise of 400,000 employees. Moreover, we are also collecting the financial
performance of 100,000 consultants, including the details of the projects and the billable hours of each
individual. After anonymizing the data, these abundant datasets empower our study to examine social
capital, human capital, and financial capital simultaneously ( http://smallblue.res earch.ibm.com).
In this presentation, we will describe our findings on how to choose appropriate content and network
characteristics and build up automatic value estimation models. Financial data have been used to verify
such findings. Specifically, we focus on three questions: (1) how to evaluate the value of topics
automatically classified in the communication content? (2) what are the factors that can be used to rank
topics by value? and (3) how to estimate the impact of information flows?
Page 267
Abstract
Finding the optimal delimitation of regional labour markets using Newman’s modularity
approach
Per Kropp
Applications, Economic Networks, Labor Markets, Community Structure, Spatial Analysis, Geographic
Mobility
Newman's modularity approach allows comparing the clustering of a network with a random clustering of
a network that has similar properties as the network investigated. Using this approach, I evaluate
different clustering methods with regard to their efficiency. Furthermore, if clustering procedures several
solutions - as it occurs typically for hierarchical clustering methods - the modularity approach can be
used to identify the optimal solution. Evaluation of different clustering methods and identification of the
optimal solution for the best methods will be applied on the example of the commuting network in
Germany. This network consists of commuting ties between regions which vary in their strength
according to the number of commuters between them. Finding clusters in this valued network is
important to identify regional labour markets. Finally, the temporal stability of the identified structures is
investigated.
Page 268
Abstract
Fitting Signed Two-mode Blockmodels
Patrick Doreian
Andrej Mrvar
Paulette Lloyd
Alliances, Structural Balance, Generalized Blockmodeling, Signed Networks
Structural balance provides a theoretical foundation for partitioning signed one-mode network data with
an implied blockmodel structure with positive blocks on the main diagonal of the image and negative
blocks off the main diagonal. This theory has been generalized to relaxed structural balance where
positive and negative blocks appear anywhere in the image. The heuristic used to fit these blockmodels
uses a relocation algorithm that is vulnerable to the charge that there it is not guaranteed to lead to
partitions with a global minimal the criterion function. Recent work has shown, for one-mode signed
networks, that fitting a signed blockmodel with branch-and-bound algorithm, that is guaranteed to locate
a global optimum, and the relocation heuristic yield identical partitions for small signed networks (with 30
vertices or less). Relaxed structural balance has been extended to deal with two-mode networks in a
straightforward fashion and applied to small two-mode networks such as the patterns of voting by
justices on cases in a single term of the US Supreme Court. In principle, larger signed two-mode
networks can be partitioned. The data motivating this paper comes from the voting record of nations in
the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). However, as the size of the networks increase, the
problem of there being no guarantee of reaching an optimum partition returns. We explore alternative
approaches to partitioning such large signed two-mode data structures. These include: two-step
blockmodeling; using pre-specified signed blockmodels; varying the weights placed on positive and
negative inconsistencies; and an indirect approach based on Euclidean distances. Formal results are
presented along with practical suggestions for fitting blockmodels to signed two-mode data and
interpreting them. These are illustrated with the UNGA voting data.
Page 269
Abstract
Folks in Folksonomies: Social Link Prediction from Shared Metadata
Rossano Schifanella
Alain Barrat
Ciro Cattuto
Benjamin Markines
Filippo Menczer
Online Social Networks (Poster)
Friendship Network, Social Media, Web 2.0, Social Networks, Folksonomies
Web 2.0 applications have attracted a considerable amount of attention because their open-ended
nature allows users to create lightweight semantic scaffolding to organize and share content. To date,
the interplay of the social and semantic components of social media has been only partially explored.
Here we focus on Flickr, Last.fm and Anobii, three social media systems in which we can relate the
tagging activity of the users with an explicit representation of their social network. We show that a
substantial level of local lexical and topical alignment is observable among users who lie close to each
other in the social network. This analysis suggests that users who are friends are more likely to have
similar topical interest, and therefore semantic similarity measures among users based solely on their
annotation metadata should be predictive of social links. Moreover, to leverage the interplay between
the social and the semantic components, we present TagMatch, a word association game on the iPhone
platform that allows users to build word networks and explore similarity relations between people and
media contents.
Page 270
Abstract
Four Dimensions of Social Capital in the Interplay of Ethnicity and Inequality: A Network
Perspective
Baiqing Zhang
Ethnicity and Networks (Lecture)
Social Capital, Race, Careers, Co-authorship Network
: This paper takes academic institutions as the object of the research to try to answer the question:
which features or aspects of the four dimensions of social capital in organizations contribute to
co-authorship minorities have? By the four dimensions of social capital, this paper refers to: structural,
relational, collective cognitive, and cultural capital that compose social capital. Such co-authorship
patterns are used to show whether inequality of intellectuals by ethnicity exists. This paper is based on
the assumption that the social capital minorities possess would lead to different outcomes in terms of
co-authorship opportunities. Based on Cicourel’s “cognitive social capital” and Nahapiet and Ghoshal’s
“intellectual capital,” this paper proposes the concept of “collective cognitive social capital” – an
organizational cultural capital as the third dimension of social capital. This paper adds a fourth
dimension to the concept of social capital: cultural capital. I use “cultural capital” to refer to the
knowledge and ability of individual actors to know and to select context relevant cultural schema to act
on. This is a comparative study of two networks: sociology department and management department.
As implied in the title, this is also a social network analysis using many of the important measures at the
individual and whole network levels.
Page 271
Abstract
From Communication to Actors in Networks – What Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Communication
Can Teach Us about the Constitution of Social Networks
Jan Fuhse
Communication, Theory
The presentation combines the recent theory of social networks by Harrison White and others with
Niklas Luhmann’s theory of communication. Networks emerge out of the process of communication as
structures of meaning constraining and facilitating future communication. Social relationships and
networks constitute one solution for the inherent uncertainty and instability of communication by
providing relatively stable expectations. These expectations arise as communication is routinely
attributed to the action of personal identities. Actors are thus constructed as relatively stable entities
(‘identities’) with specific dispositions for action – e.g. like or dislike of particular alters. These are
accounted for in relational narratives (‘stories’). Slightly modifying Luhmann’s theory, social relationships
can be conceived of as autopoietic communication systems. Social networks are the arrangements of
these dyadic systems, connected to each other through relational stories.
This theoretical account leads to three propositions: (1) Networks are seen as dynamic structures of
meaning emerging, reproducing and modifying in the process of communication. (2) It is possible to
identify and to model ‘transactional’ or ‘relational mechanisms’ (Charles Tilly) which stem from the logics
of communication in networks rather than from individual dispositions and actions. (3) In order to study
these logics, one has to analyze communication processes rather than individual actions.
Page 272
Abstract
From Social Structure to Social Rhythms: Time as a Key Dimension in Understanding the Effect
of Team Communication Structure and Team Leader Position on Team Performance
Eric Quintane
Philippa E. Pattison
Garry L. Robins
Joeri M. Mol
Communication Networks, Leadership, Dynamic Networks, Email Networks, Relational Events, Teams
There is a seeming contradiction in the extant literature about the relationship between a team’s
structure and its performance: team performance has been associated with leader centrality as well as
with decentralized team structures. Based on a case study of two teams - one high- and one
low-performing - engaged in comparable projects, this paper reports that above and beyond the position
of the team leader, the structure of the group, or the existence of specific communication patterns, it is
the time frame in which certain forms of communication occur that may explain performance
differentials. In order to study the patterns of leader and team e-mail exchanges, we use the recently
developed relational events model (Butts, 2008), which facilitates examining the sequences of
within-team interactions across time. We find evidence that team leaders’ communication behavior has
a strong influence in shaping the social structure of their teams. But on a more fundamental level, the
time frame in which this behavior occurs reflects different social processes. Our results suggest that
high centralization established across longer time frames may be associated with lower performance
and that high centralization over shorter time frames may lead to enhanced performance, therefore
providing an answer to the centrality-centraliz ation paradox. Furthermore, we propose that
incorporating time as an element in the study of communication structure offers key insights to unpack
social dynamics and understand team and organizational performance.
Page 273
Abstract
From Structural to Brokerage Based Hegemony: U.S. Corporations in a Changing Global
Context, 1996 and 2006
Roy C. Barnes
William K. Carroll
Interlocking Directorates, Transnational Networks, Globalisation, Interfirm Networks
Though moderate in comparison to the financial crisis of 2008-09, the global economy between 1996
and 2006 experienced many shocks – the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the dot-com bust of the early
2000s, and numerous mergers and acquisitions of increasing magnitude. These crises and waves of
corporate restructuring occurred during a period of increasing globalization of the world economy, in
general, and the network of corporate ties in particular. While recent scholarship has indicated that the
increase in transnational interlocking is primarily a European phenomenon (Carroll 2008), it would be
premature to conclude that that the corporations based in the United States are becoming irrelevant to
the global network of corporate ties. Through the use of network analysis and visualizations, we explore
the changing face of U.S. hegemony within the global network of corporations. Our initial analyses
indicate that U.S. corporations have indeed experienced a relative decline in their structural importance
– that is a decrease in network centrality and increasing average geodesic distance. However, a deeper
analysis of the roles U.S. corporations fill in the transnational network reveals a more complex picture.
While U.S. corporations have experienced a relative decline in coordinator roles which link other U.S.
corporations, our brokerage analyses indicate that U.S. corporations have increased their roles as
gatekeepers/represen tatives and liaisons. By assuming roles which form transnational ties, these triads
are more cosmopolitan in their scope. In addition to exploring the changing brokerage roles among the
U.S. corporations, the analyses also explore whether this changing face of hegemony is driven by
financial or nonfinancial corporations in the United States.
Page 274
Abstract
From formal to informal market’s organization: Social construction and stabilization of an
emerging audiovisual market
Favre Guillaume
Advice Network, Cooperation, Social Construction Of Markets
This presentation is a contribution to the problem of social construction of markets. We study the
organization of an international trade show for television programs as an attempt to construct an African
audiovisual market. In this market actors are looking for new contractors; they need to rely initially on
intermediary actors, and they are faced with various risks (piracy of programs, defection, corruption ...)
that requires the development of collaboration strategies and resources exchange with their own
competitors. Based on an analysis of formal (meetings) and informal (advice) networks among
stakeholders, we bring out the system of interdependence and the social processes reflecting the social
discipline of the participants and the stabilization of this market.
Page 275
Abstract
From the village to the high school. Languages, resocialization and social nets in secondary
education in the eastern part of Aragon
Natxo S. Vidal
Education, Ethnic Relations, Social Networks, Longitudinal Analysis, Teeneagers, Sociolinguistics
Catalan is a minority language all over its linguistic territory. That is, why it has to coexist in a permanent
way with Castilian in a language contact situation. This conjuncture has been usually interpreted by
means of the rule of linguistic subordination of the minority language. This rule has created —and
fixed— a series of habits through which Catalan speakers use Catalan when they interact with
Catalan-speakers and Castilian when they speak with people of other languages different than Catalan.
Nevertheless, some studies show how this rule has been broken in some Catalan-speaking linguistic
areas, and how it has been even lost, as the two linguistic groups end up coming together. That is to
say, Castilian-speakers adapt to Catalan and Catalan-speakers use Castilian in their interpersonal
relations, to the extent that the concepts of Catalan-speaker and Castilian-speaking finish to be diluted.
This paper tends to approach the analysis of social nets, in order to relate both concepts of
Catalan-speaker and Castilian-speaker. Specifically, it tries to describe the speaker not only according
to his/her linguistic uses, but controlling these uses on the sociolinguistic conditions of the people to
whom he/she speaks. In this case, it is important to explore the possibilities of the analysis of social nets
in sociolinguistics. Taking these definitions as the basis, this paper tends to follow up different aspects
such as the consolidation of the rule of the linguistic convergence to Castilian or its vitality in
preadolescent groups. Finally, it attempts to detect the main factors that unstable this rule, like the
vehicular language of the educational system, the linguistic competences, the social nets or the
linguistic attitudes.
It also includes the results of a longitudinal analysis from a study carried out during the course 2006-07
to scholars of last course of primary education from different rural schools. To finish with, it analyses the
evolution of social nets when pupils are grouped in high schools during the course 2007-08. This
research subsequently shows a special interest in the changes of sociolinguistic behaviour to split this
process of resocialization.
Natxo Sorolla Vidal
[email protected] om
Page 276
Abstract
Functional specificity in discussion networks: The influence of problem-specific networks on
health outcomes
Brea L. Perry
Bernice A. Pescosolido
Ego-centered Networks, Mental Health, Important Matters, Functional Specificity, Discussion Networks
Though commonly used in social science research to measure the influence of social networks, the link
between discussing “important matters” within networks and the achievement of instrumental ends is
frequently unspecified or untested. To address this gap, we explore the consequences of using the
general “important matters” approach versus one in which the substance of discussions is directly linked
to the outcomes of interest. The egocentric social networks of people experiencing an acute health crisis
are examined. We identify the characteristics of and the degree of membership overlap between
“important matters” and “health matters” discussants, and explore their relative power in explaining a
wide range of health and health services-related outcomes. We find no evidence for the influence of
“important matters” networks, while characteristics of “health matters” networks demonstrate a
significant effect across all models.
Page 277
Abstract
Gender in Discussion Relations
Matthew E. Brashears
Social Capital, Homophily, Egocentic Networks, Gender, Heterophily
This paper analyzes homophily and social distance in the 1985 and 2004 General Social Survey
networks data to determine if males and females exhibit different patterns of association with non-kin
alters and if these differences have changed over the past twenty years. It also examines the
implications of these changes for male and female access to social capital. The age and education of
respondents and their associates are compared to map the nature of social space and life experiences
for both sexes. Log-multiplicative modeling reveals that the sexes are generally similar in terms of
homophily and social distance but, nevertheless, noticeable differences remain. Less social distance
separates associates for women than for men, and males differentiate more among levels of education.
The results suggest that men may specialize to a degree in “bonding” social capital while women
specialize in “bridging” social capital. As a consequence, females may have access to a wider selection
of information than males, while enjoying less influence.
Page 278
Abstract
Generating Social Networks from Meeting Transcripts using Bayesian Topic Models
David A. Broniatowski
Communication, Text Analysis, Bayesian Methods, Status, Decision-making Structures, Expert
Community
Language encodes social structure. In particular, similar word choice typically indicates interpersonal
affinity. Innovations in unsupervised machine-learning techniques allow the operationalization of this
insight for the purpose of inferring network structure. I present an empirical methodology for generating
social network representations of expert committee deliberations, using meeting transcripts as input. In
particular, a variant of Blei’s Latent Dirichlet Allocation (a form of unsupervised Bayesian clustering) is
used to identify topics of discourse based upon word co-occurrence patterns. Network links are formed
when speaker-pairs jointly discuss topics. These links are weighted according to their empirical
log-likelihood. Furthermore, ordering of speech often reflects differential status. Link directionality is
therefore determined using topic-specific temporal ordering information contained within the meeting
transcript. This methodology is tested using a corpus of transcripts of U. S. Food and Drug
Administration medical device approval committee panel meetings. High-status members of the panel
(e.g., lead reviewers) are frequently represented by nodes with a high outdegree and a low indegree.
Low-status members (e.g., those in the voting minority) are conversely represented by nodes with a low
outdegree and a high indegree. The resulting social networks may therefore be interpreted as status
hierarchies. The role of key committee members, such as the chairperson, in flattening or reinforcing the
status hierarchy is examined.
Page 279
Abstract
Generative Mechanisms of the International Trade Network
Tim Kastelle
International Networks, Siena, International Trade
There have been a number of studies recently which have analysed international trade as a complex
network. Most of these have concluded that trade connections within the network show a power-law
distribution. This is generally assumed to mean that the world trade web has grown through the
generative mechanism of preferential attachment. If this is true, it suggests that one natural outcome of
increasing trade is that the rich will continue to get richer. Using trade data compiled by the International
Monetary Fund from 1938 to 2003, this paper uses longitudinal network analysis (SIENA) to determine
whether or not preferential attachment is in fact the primary generative mechanism of growth within the
world trade web. The actual case appears to be substantially more complex, with multiple generative
mechanisms contributing to the growth of the network. While preferential attachment has some impact
on growth, other factors such as relative network position and geographic proximity have a greater
impact on the formation of new trading links within the network. This suggests that the relative position
of a country within the trade network is not determined by its starting position, as is the case if
preferential attachment is the dominant generative mechanism. Consequently, countries and innovative
agents within the network have the ability to drive change within the world trade web.
Page 280
Abstract
Geography of Twitter Networks
Yuri Takhteyev
Anatoliy Gruzd
Barry Wellman
Communication Networks, Geography, Geo-location Networks, Twitter Networks
The paper studies Twitter, a popular social networking and micro-blogging service that allows users to
post and read short messages. In June 2009 alone, Twitter has attracted an international following of
more than 44.5 million unique visitors. Its international reach and popularity make Twitter an important
global medium and a valuable case for analysis.
Our paper examines the spatial dimensions of the Twitter network focusing on how the geographic
location of the users affects the formation of their ties. Specifically, to what extent is Twitter, as a social
networking tool, capable of creating and sustaining cross-national ties among its users? Does the fact
that Twitter users can create and maintain asymmetric ties with others -- unlike Facebook and MySpace
-- help or hinder the creation and maintenance of cross-national ties?
Our initial analysis shows that the majority of ties (about three-quarters) connect users in the same
countries, with a substantial fraction of them linking users within the same metropolitan region. We find
that spoken language and geographic distance may reduce the chance of forming cross-national ties.
However, we see clear evidence that cross-national ties on Twitter can increase due to historical,
cultural and economic connections as well as respond to significant news stories. For example, the
death of Michael Jackson resonated substantively rather than spatially. This finding is consistent with
earlier work that explored many social and individual barriers that can aid or prevent people from
forming active social relationships.
Page 281
Abstract
Getting Things Done: Mobilising Influence in a Small Rural Shire
Damon Alexander
Networks in Political Science (NIPS I) (Lecture)
Local Elites, Rural Communities, Political Networks
This paper uses social network analysis to explore the structure and composition of an ‘action network’
in a small rural Shire in north central Victoria, Australia, and to map where ‘influential actors’ sit within
this network structure. Two name generators – the first asking respondents to nominate people they
know personally who could help them with a local issue they wanted ‘to get action on’; the second
asking them to identify influential people in their local communities – are used to identify important
actors and to map action pathways. The results suggest that although traditional political channels
remain crucial in mobilizing influence at the local level, citizens make use of a range of alternative actors
and institutions in order to influence local events. Influence is found to be highly centralised across a
relatively small number of individuals, and to be highly gendered. The results also indicate a close
relationship between perceptions of influence and network centrality.
Page 282
Abstract
Getting a Job with or without social Networks : the Interest of mixed Method
Nathalie Chauvac
Mixed Methods, Social Network, Job Search
Since 2006, a research on workers and employers allows to build job's stories and a best understanding
of recruitment practices, specially the use of social networks. We use a method developed by Michel
Grossetti, Marie-Pierre Bès (Grossetti et Bes 2001)⁠, Jean-François Barthe (Grossetti et Barthe
2008) for different studies such as the creation of innovating companies. This method consists to piece
together the recruitment sequences.
Sequences are analyzed with both qualitative and quantitative tools. They are first coded for a statistic
analysis with the employment as unit. This step allows to built correlations between the way people find
a job or the way employers find workers and the sort of job or the education level of applicants, etc. In a
second time, a qualitative process is done to analyze the account of the interviewees.
Some hypothesis may be confirm or invalidate with this double analysis such as the repetition of the way
of finding a job for the workers or the recruitment for the employers, in order to complete the results of
well-known survey on this topic, such as “Getting a job”(Granovetter 1995). In this presentation, we will
give some results of the survey, notably on social networks used to get a job or to find a worker and we
will explain the interest of the method and the encountered difficulties.
Page 283
Abstract
Global Innovativeness and Correlates to Communication Technology Networks
Philip J. Salem
Alejandra Achurra
Kevin Kline
Stephanie Pridgen
Diffusion, Communication Networks, Egocentic Networks, Innovation Networks, Communication
Technology, Scale Development
Innovativeness is the extent to which an individual or other unit of adoption is relatively early in adopting
an innovation. Rogers classified subjects according to how early they adopted as innovators, early
adopters, early majority members, late majority members, or laggards. He explored communication
channels and social networks and developed propositions describing socioeconomic, personality, and
communication correlates to innovativeness.
The Innovativeness Scale (IS) is an indicator of global or trait innovativeness (GI). IS includes items
about risk taking, tolerance for ambiguity, seeking new ideas, and opinion leadership. It integrates
various predictors of when and how someone might engage in the adoption process, and it reflects the
factors in Rogers’s propositions. IS measures a predisposition to try something new, and research
demonstrates associations between this GI indicator and domain specific innovativeness. A GI threshold
may characterize more rapid diffusion.
Communication technology refers to how individuals exchange messages, and the emerging exchange
pattern constitutes a communication network. Individuals employ a variety of technology, and they
develop single and multiple technology networks. We are exploring the use of face-to-face, telephone,
e-mail, private electronic (e.g., texting), and public electronic (e.g., Facebook) communication. Network
dimensions include heterogeneity, range, density, efficiency, and constraint of the five separate and
combined ego networks. This paper reports on how the dimensions of these communication technology
networks correlate to GI.
Page 284
Abstract
Grado de prestigio, redes sociales y percepción del rendimiento: un estudio en las
organizaciones sanitarias españolas
Pilar Marques
María f. Muñoz
Prestige, Performance, Social Networks
Este estudio ha sido realizado en dos organizaciones sanitarias españolas. Incluye a 196 trabajadores,
médicos y personal de enfermería, pertenecientes a un hospital y a la Atención Primaria. Los
encuestados trabajan en distintos departamentos representativos de las especialidades médicas.
Nuestro modelo propone que el grado de prestigio de un individuo en su red social, se relaciona
positivamente con la percepción que el trabajador tiene del rendimiento de su equipo. El prestigio ha
sido calculado con medidas de centralidad utilizando el programa informático UCINET. Las redes objeto
de estudio fueron: la Red Social del Consejo y la Red Social de la Motivación, esta última como
aportación novel. La variable rendimiento ha sido definida como la Identificación Individual del
Rendimiento Colectivo, conceptualizada a partir de los procesos de identificación.
El análisis estadístico se ha realizado con técnicas de correlación y de regresión lineal (método por
pasos). Los resultados indican que los aspectos de semejanza son muy relevantes en las
organizaciones sanitarias. En consecuencia, las hipótesis planteadas se cumplen de forma opuesta y
complementaria en el estamento médico y de enfermería. Es decir, médicos y enfermeras interpretan
de forma distinta el prestigio y el rendimiento organizativo.
De esta investigación se derivan una serie de implicaciones prácticas para las organizaciones
sanitarias, que incluye la aplicación del Análisis de Redes Sociales para optimizar su rendimiento.
Page 285
Abstract
Group Structure Formation in a Dynamic Coordination Game
Seth Frey
Rob Goldstone
Laboratory Experiment, Cognitive Science, Coordination Games, Coordination Failure, Group Structure,
Behavioral Networks
We test spontaneous group formation in a laboratory coordination game, in which small groups played a
continuous-time, asynchronous stag-hunt style game on networked computers. We varied both reward
size and the amount of uncertainty that subjects faced about the state of other participants in the
experiment. Using both information theoretic and simpler measures of predictability, we computed
behavioral networks, based on the "functional networks" of computational neuroscience, that reflect the
extent of behavioral coupling between all pairs of subjects in each experiment. Mutual information is
outperformed by a simpler measure for subject behavioral coupling. Within these behavioral networks,
we find evidence of increased stratification of subjects with time, in parallel with a net decrease in
coordination, over all group sizes. The networks also enable us to show that this stratification, an
increase in the variance of the inter-subject distances (appropriate for the small group sizes), is not due
to increased avoidance behavior (increase in maximum distance), but to a decrease in the minimum
distance between subjects, as in commitment formation. Coordination improves with decreased
uncertainty, although there is no evidence of commitment formation with changes in uncertainty. We
also compare the similarity of subject's social value orientation to the proximity measures based on
real-time subject behavior in the experiment.
Page 286
Abstract
Grupos de discusión sobre la maternidad y difusión de nuevas prácticas de crianza
Jaime Jimenez-Pernett
Marie-Pierre Bes
Jose-Francisco Garcia-Gutierrez
Sesión Iberoamericana (Poster)
Networks And Health, Information Exchange, Hyperlinks, Family, Peer Groups
Los hipervínculos o enlaces web son los canales a través de los cuales las personas acceden a la
información entre las páginas web. Estas relaciones representan una oportunidad para ganar visibilidad
en Internet. En este trabajo se examina la red de hipervínculos entre 62 grupos virtuales de discusión
sobre maternidad, aplicando diversas técnicas del análisis de redes sociales. Se pretende abordar dos
objetivos básicos: (1) Describir el conjunto de enlaces web entre las organizaciones que ofrecen y
mantienen grupos de discusión sobre la maternidad en Internet y (2) Estudiar la importancia de la
práctica llamada “crianza con apego” (parenting attachement) entre estos grupos de discusión. Durante
la etapa de la maternidad (embarazo, parto y lactancia) las madres y los padres tienen necesidades de
información específicas que suelen responderse a través de redes familiares, de amigos/as y consulta a
profesionales sanitarios. Internet ha posibilitado la organización de grupos de discusión entre pares que
abren un nuevo canal para atender estas necesidades de información. Nuestros resultados muestran
que la crianza con apego ha aumentado significativamente su visibilidad en la red. Este tipo de crianza
de los hijos se basa en la acción guiada por las necesidades y demandas infantiles más que incorporar
las prácticas tradicionales de crianza. Frente a esta tendencia creciente es necesaria mayor
investigación sobre el impacto que pueden tener tales prácticas en la educación y salud de la siguiente
generación.
Page 287
Abstract
HOW DOES NETWORK DYNAMICS AFFECT GROUP IDEATION PERFORMANCE?
Mario Losito
Dynamic Network Analysis, Dynamic Networks, Dynamic Brokerage
This article examines the effect of network dynamics on group ideation ability. More precisely, we
examine how different ways of changing network connections affect group ideation ability. The argument
put forward is that the dynamics of each actor’s network connections will provide opportunities for
learning. We distinguish between two types of changing network connections that have a potential to
influence group ideation ability: (1) the individual ability to change network connections; and (2) the
individual ability to close structural holes. Consequently, we investigate to what extent these two types
of individual network dynamics matter for group ideation, providing implications for theory of the
evolution of intra-organizational relationships, group metabolism and its impact on ideation performance.
Most firms need to continuously innovate in order to ensure long-term competitiveness. A fundamental
component of these innovation activities is ideation, the act of generating and handling new ideas by a
single person or by group. Contrary to some widespread popular beliefs about ideation as the result of a
discrete, individual act of creative insight, research shows that ideation is generally a
multiperson-multitas k affair that proceeds over time (Taggar, 2002). It is thus not surprising that the
early stages of the innovation process, when innovation ideas are generated and identified, has been
recognized as an important phase that has high impact on the success and costs of innovation (Koen et
al., 2001; Reid and Brentani, 2004; Zhang and Doll, 2001). The use of informal network constellation is
often pointed out as a key factor for successful innovation. The information flux within organizational
networks enhances the likelihood of obtaining new knowledge and disclose new perspectives, which
may spark the development of new ideas or the adaptation of new ways of doing things (Ancona and
Caldwell, 1992; Andrews and Smith, 1996; Denison, Hart, and Kahn, 1996; Keller, 2001; Payne, 1990;
Sparrowe et al., 2001; Perry-Smith and Shalley. 2003). Although network structure tends to be resistant
to change (Uzzi, 1996, 1997; Kim, Oh, & Swaminathan, 2006; Sgourev & Zuckerman, 2007) any change
in actors’ connections might have an effect on performance at different levels, including egocentric,
dyadic, group, overall network (Podolny, 2005; Perry-Smith, 2006; Lazer & Friedman, 2007). While this
topic has been discussed in earlier works, there is still a lack of empirical studies investigating this
phenomenon. Therefore, the overall aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the dynamics of
individual network connections within an overall ideation network on groups’ idea creation.
Page 288
Abstract
Homophily Based Relationship Prediction in Two Social Networks
Akshay Patil
Jie Gao
Arnout Van-De-Rijt
Statistical Methods, Homophily, Social Network, Whole Networks, Data, Friendship Network
We consider the problem of predicting relationships between actors in a social network from their
sociodemographic attributes alone. In tackling this problem, we constrain ourselves by allowing only one
theoretical principle to explain variance. This is the sociological principle of homophily, that friends are
alike. We put our scheme to test on two different kinds of social networks; Orkut, an online friendship
network and a Speed Dating social network. To avoid overfitting, we assess predictive power using
crossvalidation. Our friendship prediction classifier achieves a recall of 99.95% and a precision of
85.71% on the Orkut network & a recall of 96.54% and a precision of 74.54% on the Speed Dating
network. Apparently, despite the absence online of many of the segregating social institutions that
induce homophily in the offline world, individuals continue to assort along socio-demographic lines, often
duplicating their offline friendships. They thereby make successful friendship prediction possible.
Page 289
Abstract
Homophily Networks for Large Populations: Development Methodology and Use
Stephen Lieberman
Network properties (Empirical Large-N Networks) (Lecture)
Homophily, Heterophily, Dynamic Networks, Tie-strength, Action And Structure
Smith-Lovin et al. 2006; Watts and Dodds 2007; Jackson 2008; Jackson 2008; Lewis 2009). We
demonstrate a theory and modeling framework for Homophily Networks: the network theoretic
realization of dynamic social structures as the culmination of distributions of salient individual attributes
across multidimensional space. We further demonstrate methodologies to develop representative
homophily networks for very large populations (e.g., nation-states) using existing open source and freely
available data.
Page 290
Abstract
Homophily Networks in Artificial Societies
Stephen Lieberman
Jonathan Alt
Homophily, Agent Based Models, Large-scale Networks, Action And Structure, Dynamic Brokerage,
Actor-based Models
We discuss a novel methodology for managing entity interactions in artificial societies of representative
heterogeneous agents. We follow Blau, Jackson, Lewis, McPherson, et al., Smith-Lovin, Watts, et al.,
and others in positing that human behavior is best understood in terms of the complex social systems
within which actions are taken, and that the representation of these social systems must make evident
the endogenous structural constraints on opportunities for interpersonal contact and group affiliation
Smith-Lovin et al. 2006; Watts and Dodds 2007; Jackson 2008; Jackson 2008; Lewis 2009). We
introduce the Cultural Geography (CG) artificial society- a multi-agent simulation that tracks the
emergence of beliefs across a large population of representative agents-, and demonstrate the
realization of dynamic social structure in an artificial society as a Homophily Network that manages the
likelihood that agent-pairs will engage in influential (belief changing) interactions. We review the CG
modeling framework, procedures for simulation instantiation, and three types of simulation outputs, 1)
aggregate measures of emergent belief change, 2) individual reports of belief change, and 3) networks
of influential communications between agents.
Page 291
Abstract
How Does Network Structure Affect Partnerships For Promoting Physical Activity? Evidence
from Brazil and Colombia
Marsela Dauti
Diana C. Parra
Jenine K. Harris
Lissette Reyes
Ross C. Brownson
Visualization, ERGM/P*, Network Analysis, Collaboration, Interorganizational Networks, Physical Activity
When do organizations succeed in building partnerships to address health risks
collaboratively? We study two networks that promote physical activity in different
contexts, i.e. Brazil and Colombia. Using network stochastic modeling, we investigate the effect of
network and organizational-level characteristics on the likelihood of
organizations to collaborate with each other. While the structural features of networks
were significant predictors of collaboration among the two networks, they differed both
in nature and magnitude. Compared to the decentralized network (Brazil), where collaboration was
driven by shared partnerships and the number of ties in which each organization was involved, in the
centralized network (Colombia) collaboration was influenced by perceived importance of peer
organizations. More barriers to collaboration
were reported in the centralized network. Research findings indicate different partnership formation
processes in the physical activity networks of Brazil and Colombia. Future studies should focus on how
these different network structures affect tangible outcomes, such as the implementation of
evidence-based interventions, and shed light on the complexity of partnership formation and barriers to
collaboration.
Page 292
Abstract
How Many Neighbours do I Know? Bridging Social Capital and Neighbourhood Community
Romana Xerez
Jaime Fonseca
Public Policy, Social Capital, Mixed Methods, Social Network Analysis, Urban Neighbourhoods,
Resource Networks
Does social neighbouring matter to community engagement? Despite the considerable increase in the
development of research on social capital empirical and theoretical in last years, the conclusions on its
effects on community are all but consensual. There are those that proclaim that it is decreasing and
those that demonstrate the opposite. We propose that the neighbourliness affects community
engagement. This paper argues the theoretical and empirical significance of social ties from an
empirical neighbourhood community research. We explore the SNA linkages to social capital in the
context of neighbourhood community concerning: (1) theoretical breakthrough; (2) methods; (3) and
neighbourhood community findings. The data set is a recent survey (N= 402) developed in the SNA
perspective in a Lisbon neighbourhood. We have estimated a SNA model based on the evaluation of
four social capital components: network structure; trust and reciprocity in the neighbourhood; resources;
and community engagement. Results suggested three significant clusters with important linkages to
neighbourliness. This paper reports the first Portuguese social capital neighbourhood score and
discusses the findings concerning literature, social network, as well as urban policy implications.
Page 293
Abstract
How Personal Networks affect the Entry into the Labour Market. A Fuzzy-Set Analysis
Betina Hollstein
Claudius Wagemann
Longitudinal, QCA, Personal Networks, Life Course
Personal relationships, i.e. family, friends and acquaintances, are of eminent importance for the
successful transition from school-to-work. Social relationships provide several forms of interaction, of
assistance, and of social support relevant for the entry into the labour market, such as orientation and
motivation, information and advice, and material support. On the other hand, personal relationships can
also be quite hindering, if we think of families at risk or deviant peers groups.
In this paper, we examine such influences on the transition from school-to-work for a group of lowly
educated young adults having difficulties at their first step into the labour market.
We analyze the relational influences from a social network perspective (a) and the network effects over
time (b).
Longitudinal data were collected on 40 lowly educated young adults facing difficulties at the transition
from-school-to-vocat ional training. Respondents were followed over a five years period, with three
survey waves with intervals of two years (Keupp et al 1999). Standardized instruments were combined
with qualitative biographical interviews. The data was analyzed by using Fuzzy-set-analysis (Ragin
2000, 2008), revealing different types of network influence, cumulative and compensatory effects, and
the conditions thereof.
Page 294
Abstract
How Social Capital Is Created during Current Job: Work Conditions and Interpersonal Contacts
Yang-Chih Fu
Ray-May Hsung
Si-Yin Lee
Social Capital, Work, Position Generator
Social capital often varies by one’s work conditions and surrounding social circles. The present paper
examines how work conditions and interpersonal contacts help explain the extent to which social capital
changes during current job, and how such an association varies among societies. We argue that due to
greater overlap between work and non-work ties in Asian or Chinese culture than those in Western
culture, one would expect that both work-related and non-work-related social interactions affect social
capital in East Asia but not so much in the West. Data contain national representative samples of those
who ever work, ages 21-64, in the United States (n=3,000), China (n=3,535) and Taiwan (n=3,281), all
interviewed in 2005. We construct two dependent variables that measure social capital from the position
generator (extensity -- the number of occupational positions among the respondent’s acquaintance
networks, and reachability -- the highest prestige among these occupations). Overall, social capital
varies by work conditions quite substantially in both China and Taiwan, but not in the U.S. Both firm size
and innovation at work help a worker in China and Taiwan reach a wider spectrum and a higher position
along the occupational hierarchy, while they are irrelevant to how an American worker accumulates
his/her social capital. Similarly, interpersonal contacts explain considerably why a Taiwanese worker
gains more social capital than others, even though they are less consistent in both China and the U.S.
Page 295
Abstract
How a Non-Contagious Disease Becomes an “Epidemic”: An Agent-Based Model of the
Evolution of Autism Clusters in Metropolitan Los Angeles
Christine Fountain
Ka-Yuet Liu
Peter S. Bearman
Diffusion, Community Structure, Social Contagion, Agent Based Models, Autism
In the past two decades the measured prevalence of autism in the US has increased dramatically.
California saw its autism caseload increase 634% between 1987 and 2003 alone (California DDS 2003).
This “epidemic” increase in a non-infectious disorder is puzzling, particularly as it did not occur uniformly
across the state. Clusters of births with high autism risk have been identified throughout California
(Meter et al. 2010) including a large and robust cluster in northwest Los Angeles (Mazumdar et al.
2010). Geographic clustering suggests the operation of local processes, such as residential sorting on
risk factors like parental age and education (King et al. 2009); toxicological environment; uneven
ascertainment and access to services; information diffusion; and social influence (Liu, King & Bearman).
It is likely that some or all of these processes interact to produce feedback loops, creating the conditions
for micro-epidemics. We model the spread of autism through the social and geographic networks of
young children and their parents in the LA metro area using an agent-based model. Multiple datasets -including geocoded population-level data on all births linked to autism diagnoses, census and survey
data, and the locations of key meeting places – inform the model. We use the ABM to explore the
conditions under which autism clusters form, as well as to assess the relative contributions of various
local mechanisms to the production of geographic variation in autism risk.
Page 296
Abstract
How publications maintain social and scientific relations. An analysis of scientific citations in
chemistry
Béatrice Milard
Academic and Scientific Networks II (Lecture)
Scientific Networks, Mixed Methods, Citation Analysis, Scientific Publications
The objective of this paper is to highlight the social and relational substance of scientific citations by
showing how social network of scholars are involved in citations’ practices. It is a continuation, but also
an alternative, to recent works on social networks of scientific citations which analyse formal
combinations of intellectual sphere (citations) and social sphere (collaborations). In this work, I consider
citations, not as an indicator, but as an opportunity for scholars to build ties with others scholars or
groups of scholars, to reinforce them and also, sometimes, to lighten them. Citations – with all their
social substance – are seen as an expression of scientific sociability and potential vector of
transformation of scientific groups.
The methodology – a “mixed method”, quantitative and qualitative – is based on the studies of a corpus
of 32 prestigious publications of chemists and interviews with their authors. My approach is 1) to use
scientific references as name generators to understand the socio-cognitive network of the publication
(intellectual, professional and social); 2) to complete this analyse with relational studies of publication
process (writing, evaluation, cooperation, funding, links with previous and later publications); 3) to
survey the diffusion of citations with particular attention to actors, supports and temporality of the chains
of mediations that they draw.
Page 297
Abstract
How the efficiency of degree based seed groups in social diffusion varies with commitment
constraints
Alexandre H. Abdo
Network properties (Centrality Measures in Social Networks) (Lecture)
Diffusion, Simulation, Viral Marketing, Agent Based Models, Scheduling, Commitment
On several theoretical information flow processes, degree centrality is
known to be positively correlated to a node's influence towards others.
In other processes, however, one observes the opposite, as the influence
of high degree individuals may be dispersed due to commitment
constraints. In this paper we investigate with computer simulations how
the influence of degree changes in-between these situations for groups
of nodes. Our concern is the practical objective of minimizing
the number of seed nodes necessary to reach a target diffusion
performance, when making the choice of seeds in some proportion of the
degree. We introduce a parameter to a well known model of social
contagion that bridges the case where individuals are free to influence
any number of alters to another case where individuals can only
influence a single alter at a time, or are even more restricted.
Simulating this range of models, for a particular static influence
network obtained from computer mediated human interactions we find that
this aspect of the micro mechanism of contagion - the balance between
the time committed to infect to that to be infected - determines whether
degree favors, is neutral to, or diminishes a seed group's influence. We
further investigate the role of that specific network's topology in such
relationship, revealing its relative unimportance. These conclusions
suggest that any instrumental use of degree centrality as network
influence should start by considering where the interactions taking
place would lie within this range of models.
Page 298
Abstract
How to Immunize a Network: The Case of Spread of Highly Resistant Hospital Acquired
Infections Via Critical Care Transfers
Theodore J. Iwashyna
Umanka H. Karkada
Lada A. Adamic
Jeremy M. Kahn
Networks And Health, Diffusion, Centrality, Influentials
Objectives: Reducing the spread of potentially harmful agents over a network requires optimally
targeting scarce resources. We compare approaches to placing “immunization” resources on a real
network when each resource provides incomplete, but potentially cumulative, protection.
Application Context: Hospital-acquired infections with highly resistant organisms are an important
problem among critically ill patients. Control of these organisms has focused within individual hospitals,
but we examine the way critical care transfers could spread organisms between hospitals
Design and Setting: We analyzed the network of interhospital transfers of ICU patients in 2005 U.S.
Medicare data. We simulated spread of highly resistant hospital-acquired infections, following spread of
throughout the network under varying strategies of infection control resource allocation. Each infection
control resource was assumed to reduce the risk of infection by 25% per transfer.
Measurements and Main Results: Critical care transfers could spread a highly resistant organism
between any two U.S. hospitals in a median of three years. Targeting resources to a small subset of
hospitals based on their position in the network was 16 times more efficient than distributing infection
control resources uniformly. However, targeting resources with a greedy algorithm significantly
outperformed targeting resources based on between-ness or degree centrality.
Comment: Partial, rather than complete, immunization may provide a more realistic framework in which
to model alternations of network diffusion.
Page 299
Abstract
Hybrid Metrics of Performance Measurement in Communities of Practice
Francesca Grippa
Mixed Methods Network Studies (Poster)
This paper proposes a methodology to integrate methods of Social Network Analysis, Business
Scorecards and Intellectual Capital. To test the methodology and verify the managerial implications, we
applied hybrid indicators to monitor three communities of practice within an aerospace and defense
industrial group. We integrated their performance monitor system – based on a Balanced Scorecard with the network metrics based on the communication frequency among members.
First, we systematically reviewed strategic tools such as Skandia Navigator, Intangible Assets Monitor,
IC-Index™, Balanced Scorecard; Intangible Value Framework. Second, we identified the dimensions of
analysis that are common to each of these tools and we built a matrix composed of four dimensions:
people, processes, innovation and financial. Third, we combined network indicators with metrics
describing the four dimensions, creating a list of 46 hybrid indicators, 22 at actor’s level and 24 at
community level.
A preliminary result is this validation of the hybrid indicators. For example, the index ABC/Pe might help
identify employees with key connections to clients, as it combines values of Actor Betweenness
Centrality and the number of new clients contacted by the employee.
This integration provides opportunities to complement Business Scorecard approaches to take into
account the evolution of social capital and the community’s dynamics; it also helps SNA to better qualify
members through the application of metrics describing organizational performance.
Page 300
Abstract
ICT: connecting and managing contacts
Johann Chaulet
Trust, ICTS, Availability, Disconnection, Autonomy
This presentation deals with the substance of the network more than its structure, relation itself more
than connections.
While studying meeting websites lead us to understand construction of trust among strangers on the
Internet, exploring email uses by academics helps us understand how availability is managed and
negotiated between partners already in contact.
Those very different points of view help us to understand how ICTs may be used to connect and
disconnect, using for those two opposites aims, different social and technical strategies, local and more
general arrangements.
Presenting those two logics will show how those tools may obviously be connecting facilitators but might
also be part of the availability management one has to oppose to perpetual contact ideal to maintain
autonomy and freedom in a more and more connected environment.
Social relations and contacts will be studied in detail, using different kinds of materials such as
interviews, email boxes content or mediated and written contacts between users.
Page 301
Abstract
IM Social Networks: Individual, Relational and Cultural Characteristics
Ilan Talmud
Online Networks, Youth Networks, Multiplexity, Internet/www, Homophily, Communication
Prevalent research on information and communication technologies (ICTs) tends to focus on either
individual or group level characteristics, while neglecting to investigate the effect of relational variables
on communication. We collected survey data in Israel (N = 492) and Canada (N = 293) to investigate the
effect of individual, relational and cultural variables on frequency and topic multiplexity of Instant
Messaging communication among dyads of university students. In both countries, we found that
university students living in geographical proximity communicated more frequently and on more topics
than students living at geographical distance did. Relationship type had an effect on patterns of IM
communication: communication with close friends and romantic partners was more frequent than with
distant friends and family ties. Additionally, perceived closeness was positively associated with
frequency and topic multiplexity. More important, we show that IM communication patterns reflect the
type and nature of existing relationships between contacts rather than individual attributes and cultural
characteristics of the communicators.
Page 302
Abstract
IUNGERE OR GAUDERE?AN INVESTIGATION OF TERTIUM IUNGENS AND TERTIUM GAUDENS
STRATEGIES IN ONLINE BUSINESS SOCIAL NETWORKS
Lucia Marchegiani
Federica Brunetta
Francesca Vicentini
Network Data, Knowledge Flows, Knowledge Transfer, Brokerage, Structural Equivalence, Viral
Marketing
The role of Information as a strategic asset has been thoroughly analyzed in the economic disciplines;
the possibility to access broad information repositories provided by the digital technologies has shed
new questions about the impact of information on the economy and on the economic actors. Indeed, as
Teece (2000) among others pointed out, in the new economy firm’s core capabilities rely on the ability to
create, transfer, integrate and exploit knowledge.
Business networking appears of great value especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME),
offering the possibility to lower transaction costs (Sherer, 2003) and to exploit collective knowledge (Yli
Renko et al., 2001). We focus on a virtual social network of SMEs and we investigate its structural
characteristics. The presence of structural holes appears important for the circulation of knowledge and
ideas; nevertheless, being the brokering activity multidimensional in nature, brokers appear to follow
either a tertium iungens (Obstfeld, 2005) strategy creating and facilitating ties among alters or a tertium
gaudens (Burt, 1992) strategy. This is also paired with the “network memory” (Soda et al., 2004) that
affects the dynamic and evolution of the network structure. With the aim of investigating the different
strategies from a network evolution viewpoint, we analysed an online business social network that
comprises more than 4,000 users over a time range September 2009-March 2010, based on data
collected through the log files. We aim at observing longitudinally the data in order to understand the
dynamics and evolution of the network and the nature of the relationships.
Page 303
Abstract
Identifying Educational Innovation Trough Semantic SNA
Dustin Larimer
Gloria Busche
Kanupriya Goel
Melina Becker
Peter Gloor
Trend Discovery, Web Mining, Schools, Social Network Analysis
In this paper we describe a project measuring educational innovativeness of students and teachers
through their online social networking structure. We analyze the online social network of the
collaborative learning platform educanet.ch, which has been developed by the Swiss educational
ministry as a collaboration tool for K1-12 teachers and students. We measure the linking structure of the
publicly accessible part of educanet, and compare it with the link structure of Swiss private schools. We
notice a huge discrepancy between highly linked private schools, and the sparsely linked public
educanet. In particular, links are only between schools, i.e. teachers, and not between students. There
are for example no links from Facebook to educanet. One conclusion therefore is that students are not
using educanet for collaboration.
In one subproject we focused on the density of the network as well as the density of the different
language sub networks in trilingual Switzerland (German, French, Italian). We correlated networking
structure of schools with their success rate in the ETH Swiss high school ranking, to evaluate if higher
interconnection implied greater success and excellence within the network.
To find global educational innovations, we identified trends and trendsetters on the global educational
forum TakingItGlobal through dynamic social network analysis, calculating the most central participants,
and analyzing their interests and discussion topics.
Page 304
Abstract
Identifying Influentials by Example - the MVP (Most Valuable Player) Algorithm
Stefan Nann
Jonas S. Krauss
Hauke Fuehres
Peter Gloor
Kai Fischbach
In this paper we introduce a method for finding the most relevant or “most valuable” person (where
“valuable” refers to relevance towards a search term or query) inside a social network through creating a
MVP-index (most valuable person index). The basic idea is that people “close” to a person with a
desired property (e.g. wealth, famous actor, respected scientist) share the same property. “Closeness”
is defined by social network position and by shared attributes. An example for a network with
appropriate properties would be the social network site xing.com. Xing is a social network for business
people, mainly used by German speaking users.
Our MVP-algorithm consists of two main components. First component is the attribute ranking,
depending on the relevance of the attribute towards the search term or query. Common text processing
algorithms are used to identify shared attributes and determine the relevance level. The second
component is the degree-of-separation to other MVP-ranked persons. The seed MVP-ranking is done
through external sources, e.g. the list of Nobel Prize winning scientists, or the Forbes list of millionaires.
Attribute- and MVP-rank can additionally be weighted with centrality of each person in the social network
being analyzed. Thus, the index ranks persons according to their relevance towards a search term but
also considers network centrality and pre-assigned persons of interest.
Page 305
Abstract
Ideology and collaboration in the Italian legislative process: myth or reality?
Laura Sartori
Paolo Parigi
Collaboration, Alliances, Political Networks
Why paying attention to Italian Parliament in the Seventies is relevant? There are two main reasons:
first, to pinpoint unexplored aspects of legislative process and second, to innovate with respect to
traditional methodological approach through the network analysis. On the one side, Italy in the 70s
represents an interesting case for political party system and political behavior specialists studying
political processes in the context of divided civil societies. On the other side, political scientists have only
recently become more interests in the tools of network analysis. This paper brings these two aspects
together by focusing on the patterns of collaboration between MPs of the 6th legislature (1972-1977).
Our analysis shows that a fragmented, ideologically divided and conflicting society produced a political
system that was at once divided and united. Party affiliations counted in explaining collaboration among
MPs, but other factors – such as territorial belonging – played a significant role as well. We indentified in
the scant coherence between the social and political levels the key characteristic of the Italian political
system at the time.
Page 306
Abstract
IkeNet4: Friendship Formation Among Military Officers
Ian Mcculloh
Joshua Lospinoso
John Graham
Dynamic Network Analysis, Siena, Friendship Formation, Friendship Network, Longitudinal Analysis
Structural factors and node attributes affecting friendship formation are investigated using a unique data
set collected at the U.S. Military Academy. Social network data was collected on self-reported
friendship, time spent together, and email communication for 21 mid-career Army officers enrolled in a
one-year graduate program run jointly by Columbia University and the U.S. Military Academy. Data was
collected on the first day the officers reported for duty and met each other for the first time. Longitudinal
data was collected for the subsequent 20 weeks. Significant social factors affecting friendship in this
group is estimated using RSiena. Social network change detection is used to determine when the group
reaches an equilibrium state.
Page 307
Abstract
Impact factor as a measure of quality?
Sasha Goodman
Balazs Kovacs
Citation Networks, Academic Networks
The number of citations journal articles get are known to follow a
power law. The underlying mechanism behind this power-law distribution
is the preferential attachment or Matthew-effect: those who have more
will get even more. In this paper, we disentangle the Matthew-effect
into two mechanisms: article quality and the Matthew effect itself.
Both mechanisms are consistent with the Matthew effect, but they have
very different interpretations. If the first effect dominates, we
argue, then high citation count is indeed a good proxy for quality. If
the peer pressure and other sociological factors dominate, however,
then citation count is less precise as a proxy for quality. We build
models to study these mechanisms, and test these models on citation
count distributions. We find that including article quality results in
better fit than the power-law.
Page 308
Abstract
Impact of Europeanization in Policy Network Governance Patterns
Miguel N. Rodrigues
Public Policy, Social Capital, Inter-organizational Networks, Institutional Theory, Adaption And
Networks, Policy Networks
This paper draws on the conclusions of an international research project on EU Enlargement and
Multi-level Governance in European Regional and Environment Policies. The project’s main goal was
twofold: first, to evaluate the impact of Europeanization of public policy on the governance structures of
three traditionally unitary countries (Ireland, Portugal and Greece), and their response, in terms of
learning and adaptation, to the European environment in the regional and environmental policies; and
second, to identify the appropriate reforms that new member states (Poland and Hungary) should
undertake, in order to facilitate the adaptation and adjustment of their public policy structures to the
European environment.
Focus is given to institutional formal and informal networks that sustain the policy-making process and
its relation to EU policy, which were analyzed with SNA methods, namely, density, centrality and
structural equivalence measures. This methodology allowed the research to identify points of resistance
to change and to assess the level of expertise involved in the policy-making process and subsequently
of the presence of relevant forms of governance. More centralized networks (Ireland and Poland;
Portugal in regional policy; Hungary in environmental policy) were associated with the concentration of
power in state actors; More dense networks (Ireland, Poland and Portugal), however, enabled better
levels of informational flows and knowledge exchange. Structural equivalence revealed pattern
similarities among central state actors on the one hand, and more peripheral ones on the other.
On the basis of these findings, a new research program is proposed to address unanswered questions,
with recourse to more sophisticated SNA methods.
Page 309
Abstract
In Search for Social Capital. Interlocking directorates at Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Michal Zdziarski
Interlocking Directorates, Social Capital, Centrality, Interfirm Networks, Performance, Teams
I would like to present a research on the network of interlocking directorates among top management
teams of Polish companies listed at Warsaw Stock Exchange. Using empirical data for years
2006-2008, I will discuss possibility of using interlocking directorates as an indicator of the social capital.
Thus major research question addressed in my presentation and reseach will consider the relationship
among efficiency and consequences and interlocking directorates. I will approach this research problem
from several perspectives. First I will try to check if, at individual level, bonding and/or bridging types of
social capital are related to individual executives performance, masured by tenure in executive position.
I will also examine if centrality measures are related to the likelihood of selection to new executive
boards. Second I will try to examine if centrality measures, or their combination for companies
connected by directors, are related to financial performance indicators, such as ROA or ROE. I am also
planning to present small world estimates for booth directors and company networks and to discuss its
evolution in resent years, I will present data on the inner cyrcle of the most influential executives, and
propose research questions for further investigations.
Page 310
Abstract
Incidence or Intention? The Stability of the German Corporate Network during the Crisis of the
1930th
Karoline Krenn
Christian Marx
Interlocking Directorates, Historical Networks, Corporate Governance, Broken Tie Analysis
In the literature we find at least two theoretical approaches to interlocking directorates. From an
institutional perspective personal networks between big enterprises are intentional and strategic choices
e.g. connected to resource-dependence. From a personal perspective networks result from personal
relations (“old-boys-networks”) and act as means of power maintenance of the manager elite. In the
second case, inter-organizational relations occur incidentally. By operationalizing the reconstitution of
broken ties between firms as an indicator for intentional networks broken-tie analyses is used as a
method to test these competing approaches against each other.
In this paper we want to discuss the stability structure of interlocks between big German business
corporations in the Weimar Republic by a variation of broken-tie analyses (the study comprises about
200 – 300 corporations). It shows that World War I and the inflation of the 1920s have only little
influence on the stability of the network. But it is rather the post 1929 scenario and the bank crisis of the
1930s which lead to a period of dissolution. Equally growth and decline periods have to be accounted
for as relevant factors. It shall be left open to discussion in how far the explaining value of this
socio-economic constellation therefore permits regenerating on the theoretical level. Apart from its
historical relevance, however, the data allows inference on the governance effects of dissolving
incentives.
Page 311
Abstract
Indirect inter-organizational networks and networks of inter-organizational collaboration in the
5th European Social Forum in Malmö 2008
Magnus Wennerhag
Rickard Andersson
Iosif Botetzagias
Inter-organizational Networks, Centrality, Block Model Analysis, Qap Multiple Regression Analysis,
Social Movement Theory
In continuation to the previous surveys in various European cities on the occasion of the organization of
the European Social Forum (ESF) there (cf., Donatella della Porta (ed.), Another Europe, Routledge,
2009), we have conducted a similar survey at the 2008 ESF having taken place in Malmö, Sweden,
17-21 September 2008. In this paper, we are presenting a number of social network analyses of our
data corresponding to two questions: (a) Which were the (types of) organizations in which the
respondents (ESF participants) were involved? (b) Have the respondents been involved in any
collaboration with activists from other organizations during the last 12 months, and if that was the case,
within which (types of) organizations were these collaborators (up to 5 contacts) involved?
Apparently, these are 2-mode network data and associated to them are two 1-mode inter-organizational
networks (cf. Mario Diani, Networks and Participation, in D.A. Snow et al., The Blackwell Companion to
Social Movements, Blackwell, 2004; B. Cornwell & J.A. Harrison, Union members and voluntary
associations: Membership overlap as a case of organizational embeddedness, ASR, 69, 2004). In
particular, Question (a) produces an inter-organizational network formed by the respondents’
common/overlapping organizational involvements; this is an undirected valued graph, in which the value
(or weight) on a link/edge between two organizations measures the number of respondents who declare
that they are involved in both these organizations (and where the value on self-loops represents the total
number of respondents involved in an organization). Similarly, Question (b) produces a network of
inter-organizational contacts formed by the respondents’ and their collaborators’ organizational
involvements; this is a directed valued graph, in which the value (or weight) on a link/arc from
organization i to organization j measures the number of respondents who declare that they are involved
in organization i and that they have contacts with persons involved in organization j (and where the
value on self-loops now represents the total number of respondents involved in an organization who
declare that they have contacts with persons involved in the same organization).
For these networks, we are conducting social network analyses at the overall European level and at the
level of certain European countries (representing a considerable number of respondents). After
visualizing such inter-organizational networks, we are computing the centrality measures of each
organization in each network and we are determining groups of organizations in each network according
to the blockmodeling partitioning/cluster ing technique. Finally, we are conducting the QAP multiple
regression analysis among the indirect inter-organizational networks and the corresponding networks of
inter-organizational contacts, so that we might determine existing patterns of correlations among these
two networks.
When the networks that constitute social movements are studied, this is quite often done through
studies of inter-organizational networks, which are analyzed using data for activists’ multiple group
memberships. Such an analysis tends to be focused on activist communities’ shared identities and
organizational belongings, which certainly are important prerequisites for collective action to take place
within a larger social movement network. However, what is not analyzed, are the actual social bonds
Page 312
Abstract
that have been created and sustained between activists belonging to different sectors of a movement,
during a certain time period. Using our analytical approach, we wish to analyze this aspect of social
movement action, and also to compare and interpret the results produced by such an analysis of the
networks produced by Question (b) with an ordinary study of multiple group memberships produced by
Question (a).
Page 313
Abstract
Individual Profiles in Local Network Structures
Michael A. Pearson
Adolescents, Ego-centered Networks, Balanced Triad, Second Level Networks, Sphere Of Engagement
We investigate growth in social network development whereby individuals make choices about the type
of network structure they occupy. The six phases we study include: only choosing friends who
reciprocate; choosing friends who are popular; choosing friends who are expansive; preferring closure in
my network triads; choosing friend’s who are friends of my friends; and not choosing non-friends of my
friends. Our hypothesis is based on the work of Heider and others involved in classic balance theory.
According to this theory a homogeneous balance across the network is implied. We propose
heterogeneity in balance processes either because of individual preference or because of social position
or social role.
We test the above hypotheses by identifying individual measures of reciprocity, popularity,
expansiveness, closure and balance associated with the phases of development. The measures are
made through orientation to a local network structure or sphere of engagement. Initially we use an
individual’s level 1 ego-network as the sphere of engagement, but later extend this to the level 2
ego-network. We also investigate measures associated with links outside of the local network structures.
We interpret such effects with reference to studies carried out of adolescent behaviour in the West of
Scotland. We look at specific network structures and hypothesise concerning network development in
the context of both gender and age. Our results show that the measures are in general highly gendered
as well as changing with age.
Page 314
Abstract
Individual preferences and relational constraints in selecting wedding guests: a qualitative
analysis of young couples’ social networks
Anna-Maija Castren
Florence Maillochon
Qualitative Approaches, Life Cycle, Relational Embeddedness, Family Ties
Marriage has become an individual choice in most European countries. In this paper we study the entry
into marriage, i.e. weddings, which in the contemporary research literature are often presented with an
emphasis on consumerism, celebration of romance, and the experience of a unique and individual
occasion. In this study weddings are analyzed from the relational perspective with a special emphasis
on guests and the social networks of young couples. The data is collected in France and Finland and
consists of interviews and networks of 24 couples. The study investigates the social prerequisites
conditioning the choices and negotiations related to marriage and weddings, and offer a perspective to
the interplay between the individual preferences and the relational constraints in the life course. The
analysis displays the configurational boundaries of a wedding as a get-together of family and friends.
The results show that despite the predominantly individualistic discourse expressed by the couples, a
wedding is still a familial affair: the configurations of family ties are influential in constraining as well as
enabling the choices available to the couple.
Page 315
Abstract
Influence of social networks on uptake of a feedback quality improvement intervention in long
term care settings: Preliminary findings
Anne E. Sales
Carole A. Estabrooks
Thomas W. Valente
Implementation, Knowledge Transfer, Behavior Change, Long Term Care, Quality Improvement
Social network data were collected among staff in two long term care facilities to characterize social
networks in these units and examine how social networks influence uptake and use of feedback reports
based on Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set version 2.0 (RAI-MDS 2.0) data. Staff in
six separate nursing units in two long term care facilities in Alberta, Canada were asked five different
sociometric network questions. The two most relevant types of social networks were advice-seeking and
discussion of feedback reports. We obtained data from between 9 and 27 respondents on each unit,
from all types of providers delivering direct care to residents. The data for each unit will be used to
assess the association of uptake of feedback intervention with specific network indicators such as
in-degree, out-degree, network exposure, and structural characteristics. Feedback report uptake was
measured using a separate survey administered concurrently to assess whether or not the respondent
read the report and reported intention to change behaviour based on the report. This study was
conducted within the context of a larger study of an audit with feedback intervention in long term care
settings over a 13 month period with monthly feedback report distribution.
Page 316
Abstract
Informal Structures of Communication in Free Software Communities
Dominika Czerniawska
Communication Networks, Coordination, Cooperation, Collaboration Network, Open Source
The main goal of this research is to discover informal structures of communication in free software
communities. Although open source communities received a great attention from social researchers,
limited number of papers have taken time perspective into consideration. Primary question concerns a
role of developers as crucial nodes in evolving social structure. Data covers 7 years period of
communication among Wine Project mailing lists users. The structure of communication shapes
productivity activities which are basic in this kind of communities. Defining factors, which have an
influence on consistency or alteration of structures in communities without predefined management
units, gives us an opportunity to observe emerging patterns of dependency. Two factors were analyzed
deeper: engagement in community (especially communication with users) and affiliation with functional
groups. Results show that extremely strong leader position has decreased during development of the
project. The structure of communication is partly determined by functional divisions. Moreover,
functional subgroups have different patterns of communications (e.g. group as information broker, group
with actors as information brokers, isolated groups). Permanent integral activities engaging relatively
limited but solid number of developers were detected. The communication activity correlates positively
with productivity.
Page 317
Abstract
Information seeking and instrumental support via informal mediaries using public access
computing: Results from a U.S. nationwide, mixed method study
Karen E. Fisher
Michael D. Crandall
Samantha Becker
Qualitative Approaches, Mixed Methods, Information Sharing, Information Exchange, Public Access
Computing, ICTS
Using Abrahamson and Fisher’s theory of lay information mediary behavior (LIMB) (2007) we
investigated the roles played by family, friends and strangers in seeking information and performing
instrumental tasks across 7 domains using public access computing at public libraries. These domains
included civic engagement, education, health and wellness, employment and entrepreneurship.
eCommerce, and social inclusion. LIMBS—people who seek information or perform instrumental task on
behalf of others without necessarily being asked prior or engaging in follow-up—were a primary feature
of this mixed-method study, designed purposefully to improve results generalizability and
contextualization. The study comprised a nationwide telephone survey (n=3,176); a nationwide Internet
survey administered via 400 randomly selected public libraries (n=45,209); and case studies of four
public libraries, selected to represent geographic and socio-demographic diversity. Users, including
homeless and digitally-disconnect ed individuals, aged 14-plus were recruited in all phases; case study
interviews (n=317) also included library staff, trustees, and volunteers, and community stakeholders,
complementing field observation and community profiling. Tandem statistical analysis of survey data
and focused coding and content analysis of qualitative data were used to triangulate results. At Sunbelt,
we will discuss our use of theory and mixed-methods (especially qualitative techniques) for studying
egocentric social and informational support networks and their implications for directing policy-making
and system design.
Abrahamson, J., & Fisher, K. E. (2007). “What’s past is prologue:” Towards a general model of lay
information mediary behaviour. Information Research, 12.4. http://informationr. net/ir/12-4/colis/co
lis15.html
Page 318
Abstract
Informed Decisions and War: How the Networked Structure of Governments Shapes Their
Behavior Regarding Threats and War
Wayne A. Thornton
Methods, Statistical Methods, Inter-organizational Networks, Multilevel Networks, Governance, Policy
Networks
By modeling governments as a network, my paper offers a new perspective on governmental
decision-making. I characterize several essential qualities characterizing the working of a government,
but without explicitly modeling the entire network that comprises a government’s decision-making
process.
I treat all types of governments as an institutionalized networked decision-making process and model
institutional actors as nodes in the network. The model characterizes each actor (node) by the degree to
which it is informed and by the degree to which it informs the decision process. The model combines
these measures using Boolean algebra, resulting in a highly non-linear statistical model. The model
generates composite measures of the propensity of the networked system to make informed decisions.
I apply the model to analyze empirical data and show how the structure of governments shapes states’
behavior regarding threats and war.
Page 319
Abstract
Innovation Workgroup Network Dynamics: Rewiring, Gatekeepers and Complementarity
Chris Coleridge
Qualitative Approaches, Small World, Innovation
In recent years, small world network theory has gained attention, not least for its apparent explanatory
power for innovation (eg Uzzi and Spiro 2005); yet the mechanisms through which short geodesics
combined with high clustering coefficients are supposed to yield high generativity of innovation are
rendered doubtful by the power of gatekeepers and the decisions of embedded, homophilous,
mixed-status actors. Through analysis of an eight-month qualitative case study of a cross-functional
innovation workgroup which evaluated 66, developed 13 and launched eight value proposition
innovations in a large telecoms firm, this paper uncovers network mechanisms which, it is proposed,
influenced the success or failure of the innovations. These shed light, in an innovation context, on the
microdynamics of network rewiring, as well as on the operation of social network diversity's social
exchange-based effect on brokerage and network complementarity.
Page 320
Abstract
Innovation and Networks in Cancer Drug Development
Lewis K. Lee
Innovation and Diffusion (Poster)
Genetics, Multilevel Analysis, Competitive Ties, Innovation, R&D, Venture Capital
The expansive field of cancer drug development, with its growing array of novel biological approaches
and drug targets, is beset with strategic and operational challenges. In an environment where standards
of care and knowledge of disease etiology are in continual flux, the choices of therapeutic approaches,
tumor types, development paths and competitive position involve complex decision trade-offs. Success
in exploiting new molecular science requires rapid assimilation of knowledge and tumor-specific
expertise to investigate clinical claims. This study characterized patterns of top cancer drug
development firms in their strategic networks across 3 levels of innovation and capabilities: biological
platforms, drug targets, and tumor types. Also investigated were (1) the correlations between the sets of
relations, (2) firm characteristics which explained common strategic profiles, and (3) relational
differences between early and late stage development. Data on drug development pipelines for a total of
32 firms worldwide were accessed and supplemented by clinical trial registries, along with company and
alliance information from respective annual reports, and mechanism definitions from the U.S. National
Cancer Institute. Core-periphery analysis showed clustering of company types along tumor types, with
evidence of association between platforms and tumor-type relations (Jaccard correlation >0.81).
Regression analyses showed dyadic ties in these relations to be positively associated with existence of
marketed products, and somewhat with non-biotech structure and non-US base. Relational ties were not
constant across the development value chain. Implications of these findings and further research are
discussed.
Page 321
Abstract
Innovation and entrepreneurship culture
Carlos henryque P. Gomes
Joaquim josé B. Gouveia
Marcos aurélio D. Silva
Innovation, Sna, Enterpreneurs, Industrial Districts, Gatekeepers
The purpose of this paper is to present observations over primary results of ongoing empirical research
of the influence of social network relations as a tool for promote new ideas, products and innovation and
technology among entrepreneurs at Telecommunications and ITC companies at Porto Digital in Recife
Brazil and Inova-Ria in Aveiro Portugal. The primary objective was investigate and identify how social
actors and leadership, at local level, exchange technical information through social ties and informal
channels among local companies and observe how far innovation is assumed as routine among
entrepreneurs. The methodology applied for this paper is based on structural perspective of Social
Network Analysis and notions of flow of information among entrepreneurs at Telecommunications and
ICT industrial districts in Brazil and Portugal, also the results of an documentary analysis, an empirical
research and literature review of Social Network Analysis and Innovation. The first data collected show
us how the network behave in order to innovate and how communication about innovation flows among
network peers. The paper offers implications regarding how these findings and data could increase and
promote ideas if companies and local leadership stimulate regular dialog and exchange information in
local innovation basis.
Page 322
Abstract
Instability and near-degeneracy of ERGMs
ERGM/P*, Statistical Models, Degeneracy
It is well-known that Exponential-family Random Graph Models (ERGMs) with interaction terms (such as
stars, triangles) and strong homogeneity assumptions tend to be near-degenerate, hampering
simulation and estimation. We shed light on the near-degeneracy of ERGMs by introducing the notion of
instability of ERGMs and showing that unstable ERGMs tend to be asymptotically degenerate in the
sense of Strauss. As applications, we consider ERGMs with Markov dependence and curved ERGMs.
The main conclusion is that ERGMs may include interaction terms, but to be non-degenerate, interaction
must be sufficiently weak.
Page 323
Abstract
Instrumental and Expressive Networks in Different Types of Communities
Ioana A. Mihai
Community (Lecture)
Social Capital, Rural Communities, Cooperation, Urban Neighbourhoods
The paper presents the results of fieldwork carried out in the summer of 2009 in rural and urban
communities in Romania. The main instrument used was a questionnaire including questions on social
capital and cooperation and a resource generator (Van Der Gaag&Snijders, 2005). Data on the
neighborhood/vicinit y, in terms of type of housing and collective action, was also collected through
interviews.
The focus of the research was to compare instrumental and expressive networks of people living in
rural, more traditional communities to those of people living in urban, modern environments. Do people
living in traditional rural communities rely more on local and kinship networks as opposed to people
living in apartment buildings in cities? Do sources of social capital differ depending on the type of
community? What is the effect of different shaping of individual social capital on cooperation and its
outcomes? These are the main questions explored in the paper.
Page 324
Abstract
Integrated Network Analysis in Social-Ecological Studies – Methodological Approaches
Henrik Ernstson
Jeff Ranara
Social Network Analysis, Ecological Network Analysis, Integrated Social-ecological Network Analysis
Methodological challenges involved in using network analysis for social-ecological studies are
addressed. A typology of four approaches to integrated analysis of systems consisting of interacting
social and ecological entities (social-ecological systems) is proposed: (1) Analytical integration of
separately examined social and ecological networks; (2) Analysis of the social network with ecological
elements as node attributes, or vice versa ; (3) Integrated social-ecological network analysis; and (4)
Translating interactions between social and ecological entities into two-mode networks, possibly
complemented by one-mode social and/or ecological networks. The possibilities and constraints of
these approaches are described and references given, when possible, to studies using these
approaches in empirical research. Attention is paid to which research questions particular approaches
are suitable for and how well the complexity of social-ecological systems is addressed. Approach
number 4 is developed more in detail as it currently represents the best combination between feasability
and complexity for practical case studies, and thus holds greatest promise for scientific break-through.
Page 325
Abstract
Integrating Social Network Analysis in Participant Observation Work with Student Engineering
Teams
Michael L. Jones
Qualitative Approaches, Mixed Methods, Team Performance, Tacit Knowledge
Social network analysis gives social scientists a compelling empirical and quantitative foundation to
represent relations among actors in a given organizational context. While it is interesting and important
to discover social structure empirically, it cannot be forgotten that these are relations among humans,
who are often a lot more complex than can easily be described in traditional social network measures.
This paper discusses constructivist and pragmatic considerations in the interpretation of social network
data previously presented at Sunbelt (Jones & George, 2003) regarding the Cornell Formula SAE racing
team, a group of engineers charged with designing, manufacturing and racing a small formula-style
racecar in international competition.
While network data proved insightful and had high face validity, the underlying stories of connections
were not adequately represented either mathematically or visually in social network analysis - an
interesting and essential backstory among central nodes remained untold, and the negotiation of that
story was essential in the team's eventual success. Qualitative interpretations also arose in determining
the right level of analysis - either social trust networks or electronic mail communication networks - with
compelling empirical evidence in favour of the former not effectively swaying evaluation of the project's
impact in an appropriately factual manner. Both these observations suggest that while SNA is, at the
core a quantitative method, its interpretation and contextualization remains a very personal, political and
potentially contentious issue.
Page 326
Abstract
Integration for the better? Local networks and natural resources management in Swiss mountain
regions
Christian Hirschi
Karin Ingold
Public Policy, Cohesion, Natural Resource Management, Integration, Local Networks
Current strategies of natural resource management attempt to address the often proclaimed lack
between the design of political institutions and the scales of environmental problems. At the local level,
these governance approaches try to better include a broader range of state and non-state actors
representing different societal sectors. This paper explores to what extent horizontal and vertical actor
integration improves the political acceptance of new policies as an important precondition for an
effective implementation of the policies.
In formal social network analysis, actor integration and inclusion are typically formalized through the
concept of interconnectivity. More specifically, structural cohesion and the degree of closure give an
insight into how actors are connected and integrated in environmental policy networks. Our paper
examines the challenges of social network analysis in the evaluation of governance structures by
comparing selected resource management projects in Swiss mountain regions. These cases are all
characterized by a participatory principle introduced by higher authority levels with the objective to adapt
regional resource management systems better to new challenges such environmental degradation,
climate change and loss of biodiversity. We will investigate if the more integrated and cohesive projects
have also resulted in constructive cooperation and more efficient policy solutions. Since the projects
have been introduced just recently or implementation is still pending, we will focus on the projects’
acceptance rather than their effectiveness as a crucial intermediary step. Our preliminary results
indicate that better integrated actors do not necessarily show a higher acceptance of the project as
theoretical assumptions would suggest.
Page 327
Abstract
Inter-organizational Cooperation on the institutions of professional training in the Central
Alentejo (Portugal)
Joaquim Fialho
José Saragoça
Carlos Silva
Social Network Analysis, Cooperation, Institutions Of Professional Training, Professional Training
Starting with the social network analysis (SNA) application methodology, it was tried to identify the
cooperation relationship level, developed between the several institutions which promote and develop
professional training actions in the region of Central Alentejo. It is about a investigation based on SNA in
which its main goal deals with the relationships dynamic characterization, between the several
institutions of professional training, in order to achieve a better understanding of the formative activities
questioning the type of resources which are shared and used on it.
Page 328
Abstract
Inter-organizational network studies: A systematic literature review of methodology
Carsten Bergenholtz
Methods, Social Network Analysis, Interorganizational Networks, Literature Review
Inter-organizational networks are studied based on a wide variety of methodological frameworks,
including social network analysis. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a systematic insight in
to the use of different methodological frameworks within the research on inter-organizational networks
and to draw methodological and theoretical implications from this use.
Previous systematic literature reviews have either focused on a narrow search in a few journals and
theoretical linkages, or a specific sub-field of inter-organizational networks. The present review is based
on a broad search and involves a clear methodological focus, based on a coding of 306 papers,
published in Web of Science from 1997 to 2008. Some of the main variables are the nature of the
relational measurements, how the network is bounded, what level of analysis is chosen and whether
social network analysis has been applied.
The findings of this paper is that the most cited papers and those appearing in top-ranked journals are
more prone to using SNA than papers published in Web of Science in general. A trade-off between
knowledge on the relational content vs. the overall network structure can furthermore be identified. We
argue that the field of inter-organizational research can benefit significantly from an increased focus on
social network analysis.
Page 329
Abstract
Interdisciplinarity revisited: A comparison of co-authorship networks within two european
universities
Uwe Obermeier
Jef Vlegels
Academic Networks, Intra-organizational Networks, Interdisciplinarity, Co-publication
A co-authorship network of scientists at a university is an archetypical example of a complex evolving
network. Collaborative R&D networks are self-organized products of partner choice between scientists.
Modern science is, due to the immanent imperative of newness, strongly interdisciplinary. Crossovers
between the different scientific disciplines and organizational units are commonly observable. Since
collaborative research has become the dominant and most promising way to produce high-quality
output, collaboration structures are also a target for research and management design.
In this contribution we compare the intra-organizational collaboration of two European universities,
University College Dublin (UCD) and University Ghent, using publications covered by the Citation Index
(WoS) during the period 1998-2007. We focus on co-authorship within and between schools or colleges,
respectively departments and faculties. We account for the extent of overall collaboration and
interdisciplinary collaboration, distinguishing collaboration between schools within one college ("small
interdisciplinarity" ) from collaboration between schools in different colleges ("big interdisciplinarity" ).
We use characteristics of the organizational units and network characteristics of the authors to
demonstrate the process of interdisciplinary collaboration. Further we use techniques of Network
Analysis to investigate and compare the longitudinal networks of co-authorship between organizational
units in the two universities.
Page 330
Abstract
Interdisciplinary application of (Social) Network Analysis to the field of scenario technique
Volker Grienitz
Andre-Marcel Schmidt
Network Analysis, Complexity, Software, Centrality, Scenario Technique, System Analysis
Scenario technique is one tool for managing futures complexity based on a network of influence factors
which can describe a given system. Based on this complex network alternative futures can be thought
ahead.
In order to reduce the systems inherent complexity, the most relevant factors, so called key factors,
have to be identified. In this context, actually two characteristics can be determined with help of scenario
technique. First, by crosslinking the factors, their activity and passivity can be described. I.e. factors can
be either levers or indicators in the complex network of influence factors. Second, the weight of
influence factors can be identified, which helps to prioritize among the factors. Thus, the higher the
weight of an influence factor is, the more important it is for the considered system.
At this point, (Social) Network Analysis adds another quality to the identification of key influence factors
and therefore helps in resolving the given problem in a more efficient and substantiated way. Especially
by means of betweeness-centralit y, the role of an influence factor in the system can be determined.
Thus resulting in a holistically depiction of the complex system by the possibility of identifying
subsystems in the complex network of influence factors - which was not feasible up to now with the
given set of methods in scenario technique.
This Paper will show the new options with SNA at the complexity reduction process within scenario
technique.
Page 331
Abstract
Intergenerational social support and gender inequalities
Andreas Klaerner
Sylvia Keim
Social Support, Qualitative Approaches, Gender, Fertility
Intergenerational social support is an important resource facilitating young couples’ decisions for
childbearing. In our talk we compare differences in ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ of parental support focusing
on young adults in eastern and western Germany. We also analyse implications of availability and lack
of social support for fertility decisions and reproduction of gender inequalities.
In western Germany public child-care for young children is often inadequate or not endorsed. Instead,
many young parents rely on parental support in childcare. Two questions arise: can this form of support
compensate a lack in public childcare and encourage childbearing? Does the dependency from parental
support in connection with the widespread views that childcare is main responsibility of the
(non-working) mother contribute to the reproduction of existing gender inequalities?
In eastern Germany public child-care facilities are more widespread and widely accepted. Nevertheless,
the institutional break after 1989/90 lead to a reduction in public childcare. In contrast to the western
German situation the generation of today’s (potential) grandparents in eastern Germany is often not in
the position to offer support to their (grand-)children. Here the question is if the lack of parental support
hampers family formation or leads to more flexible arrangements of work and family which are often
maintained by mobilization of alternative supporters such as friends.
We draw our conclusions from a set of qualitative interviews which we conducted in two comparable
cities in eastern and western Germany. The interviews contain information on respondents’ life-course,
personal (ego-centred) networks and availability of social support.
Page 332
Abstract
Interlocks of Elite and Managerial Networks in the Global Energy Market
Naná D. Graaff
Financial Networks, Globalisation, Geography, Corporate Elites, Social Network Analysis, Political
Networks
The recent decade has witnessed the global expansion of state-owned energy companies from outside
the traditional triad (US, EU, Japan). This development is widely perceived to increase the potential for
geopolitical rivalry over resources and to pose a threat to neoliberal market mechanisms. In this paper
that process is analysed from the perspective of the actors in charge of these energy majors and the
interests and motives that drive them: who are they, what kind of social structures do they create
through their group affiliations and what strategies do they employ? In order to answer these questions
this study employs a (two-mode) social network analysis of the interlocking directorates of managers
and owners of the world’s largest energy corporations (both private and state-owned) and how they, in
turn, are related to the state level, to global regulatory bodies, and to civil society organizations such as
universities, think tanks and non-profit organizations. These analyses are based on an original database
composed by the author. Providing more empirical substance to the differences and similarities between
the ‘triad-elite’ and the ‘non-triad elite’ is argued to increase our understanding of the growing influence
of non-triad states and their oil majors, and how this impacts upon the new geopolitics of energy.
Page 333
Abstract
Internal mobility in Italy: a network analysis
Cinzia Conti
Antonella Guarneri
Enrico Tucci
Migration, Geographic Mobility, Demography
The changes of residence administrative source, which Istat carries out every year, highlights
synthetically the main aspects, quantity and characteristics of the migration flows that have taken place
in the past years. Until 1995 internal migration in Italy has followed a decreasing trend over the years.
Since the second half of the last decade, the mobility within Italy has been on the increase again:
between 1995 and 2005 the changes of residence have indeed increased more than 18 percent (from
1.1 to 1.3 millions).
The present study exploiting network analysis techniques aims to quantify and describe the ties between
origin and destination geographical areas (regions and local labour market areas).
After a general description of the phenomenon, the attention will be focused on foreign citizens’ internal
mobility.
For this study, the techniques of network analysis and graphical network representation allow to provide
a summary indication of migration networks in Italy and overcome the “two-by-two” perspective of the
origin-destination matrix. Such techniques, therefore, are a particularly useful tool where the objective of
the analysis is to identify, by graphic representation, the existence of specific types of networks
correlated in part with socio-economic conditions in different geographical areas.
Page 334
Abstract
International comparisons of personal networks
Ainhoa De-Federico
Social Support, Personal Networks, International Comparisons
International comparisons of personal networks
International comparisons of personal networks have been relatively rare. This is partly due to the fact
that the study of personal networks is very methodologically sensitive : only networks’ descriptions
produced with the same methodology can be compared.
A certain number of authors have compared pairs or small numbers of countries (Fischer 1982, Fischer
and Shavit 1995, Grossetti 2007, Bastani 2007, Henning 2007) mainly including western industrialized
countries (eg. USA, Great-Britain, France, Germany, Canada) leading to the conclusion that “relational
structures are quite stable,
at least between western industrialized countries” (Grossetti 2007).
An exception to these comparisons, both concerning the amount of countries considered (n=9) and the
conclusions, is the work by Freeman and Ruan (1997) using the data from the ISSP on 1986 survey
“personal networks and social support”. Results showed that norms on content of different kinds of role
relationships are quite similar for western countries but very different from continental China.
This study invites to compare personal networks in samples including western and non western
countries. Two surveys since have gathered information on personal networks in a large sample of
countries: ISSP 2001 “Social networks II” (n=28) and BBVA 2005 “Social Capital” (n=13). The
presentation will show typologies of personal networks in the world and will attempt preliminary
explanations for such differences both at individual and macro levels.
Page 335
Abstract
Interorganizational Network Dynamics After Disaster: Evacuation, Reconnection, Rebuilding,
And Re-Engaging
Marya L. Doerfel
Lisa V. Chewning
Chih-Hui Lai
Communication Networks, Community Structure, Disaster Response, Disruptive Events,
Interorganizational Networks
In disaster situations, uncertainty can resemble an environment in which organizations tend to
collaborate with each other in order to get resources. Theoretically and empirically, resources and
adaptation are critical theoretical mechanisms of community ecology (Monge et al., 2008); so to tap into
their role in disaster recovery, the focus in this study is on the ways in which interorganizational (IO)
networks change as organizations within these networks manage their post-disaster environments. In
Doerfel et al. (forthcoming), grounded theory analysis of in depth interviews with organizational leaders
suggested a sequential use of different types of social ties as they managed in the immediate aftermath
of a disaster and in the months of recovery and rebuilding that followed. This study uses the sequential
stages described in Doerfel et al., to extract longitudinal IO two-mode networks then tests hypotheses
derived from community ecology theory. Doerfel et al. argued that, reflective of evolutionary theory
stages, organizations moved through sequential phases including (a) organizational emergency
(variation); (b) organizational rebuilding (retention); and (c) organizational functioning (selection).
Two-mode data were gleaned from in depth interviews conducted with business and organizational
leaders whose businesses were directly affected by Hurricane Katrina. Analyses are used to extend IO
theory about network dynamics and community evolution.
Page 336
Abstract
Interventions in networks: lateral coordination and performance of knowledge sharing networks
Rick Aalbers
Wilfred Dolfsma
Otto Koppius
Roger Leenders
Network Performance, New Business Development, Network Coordination
We study the development and coordination of both the formal workflow network as well as the informal
communication network over time to determine how these contribute to innovative knowledge sharing at
a large European financial service provider.
Using performance data obtained on both individual and project level, we can identify high and low
performers in this organization. We identify a number of structural network characteristics which may
help explain the performance of the individuals and the networks.
In addition to this, we are able to monitor the effect of specific intervention that management has made
on the different networks over time and through that on performance. Network characteristics such as
centrality, brokerage and multiplexity we have observed in two rounds of data gathering may be coupled
to performance data.
Data was gathered during two observation moments with a time interval of 6 months through in-depth
interviews, observations and an online questionnaire. The networks includes some 200 employees
formally and/or informally involved in the process of new business development. Different intervention
options were developed and discussed with management for their expected effect on networks before
these were selectively implemented to determine the distinctive effects of each.
We will be able to draw conclusions on appropriate structural network
characteristics that contribute to innovative knowledge transfer, as well as the effect of several possible
interventions by management. The outcomes of this study thus help us to better understand how
coordination affect structural network characteristics over time. This has clear management implications
but is of academic value too as a lack of knowledge about the dynamics of networks limits our
understanding of the innovation process in organizations.
Page 337
Abstract
Introducing Gephi, The Open Network Visualization Platform
Mathieu Bastian
Sebastien Heymann
Gephi is a new open-source network visualization platform. Created with the idea to be the
\\"Photoshop\\" of network visualization, it combines a rich set of built-in functionalities and a friendly
user interface aggregated around the visualization window. Our approach is to provide a visual tool with
a smooth learning curve and an active open-source community supporting the project.
The rendering engine can handle networks larger than 100K elements and guarantees responsiveness.
In addition of interactive exploration, Gephi embed most critical metrics used in Social Network Analysis,
including Betweenness, Clustering Coefficient, PageRank or Modularity. More metrics can be added
thanks to the extensible software architecture and the open-source code. A lot of efforts are made to
facilitate the community growth, by providing plug-ins development
documentation, support and student projects. Focus is also made on interoperability, as Gephi can open
major file formats, including GraphML, UCINet DL or Pajek. Network results can be exported as PNG,
SVG and PDF.
The software demonstration will illustrate major use cases covered by Gephi. The complete chain of
representation, manipulation, layout, analysis and aesthetics refinements will be presented step-by-step
on social networks examples. Particular focus will be made on filtering, metrics and dynamic networks.
Most of current development efforts are made on Dynamic Network Analysis (DNA). Gephi already
provides a Timeline component to study network evolutions and visualize changes over time.
Page 338
Abstract
Introduction to Network Data Collection, Analysis, and Visualization via C-IKNOW
Noshir Contractor
Larkin Brown
Meikuan Hang
Zack Johnson
Nicole Scholz
C-IKNOW (Lecture)
C-IKNOW ( http://iknow.northwe stern.edu/) is a powerful web-based software tool for social network
investigation. The workshop provides an overview on how to use C-IKNOW’s visualization and analytics
suite to collect network data and conduct visual-analytics and utilize network recommendation features.
The presentation begins with a general introduction to the distinct features and perspectives of network
data collection and visualization in C-IKNOW, followed by a few brief examples of C-IKNOW application
in various contexts. We demonstrate a set of three hands-on step-by-step tutorials with illustrative cases
on 1) setting up web-based survey for network data collection, 2) importing and exporting data with
C-IKNOW, and 3) network visualization and recommendation techniques. Finally, we highlight advanced
administrator functions useful for survey setup and data manipulation. Participants who bring their own
internet-ready laptops with Java applets installed can run the web-based software on their machines at
the same time as they are being presented. The goal is to enable participants to design their own
C-IKNOW surveys, import and export network data with C-IKNOW, and familiarize themselves with the
multiple network visualization and analytics functions in C-IKNOW.
Page 339
Abstract
Investigating Brokerage in the IP Market
Mario F. Benassi
Guido Geenen
Economic Networks, Brokerage, Real World Networks, Network Structure, Innovation, Patents
In the Intellectual Property (IP) Market, licensing and reassignment of patents occur either directly or
with the assistance of a third party.
Patent brokers are a recent phenomenon in the IP Market. Patent brokers neither carry out R&D
activities, nor do they patent any invention. However, there is evidence that patent brokers play a key
role in making the market for technology possible (Benassi & Di Minin, 2008). ) Patent brokers connect
supply and demand in licensing and reassignment and enable the transaction by offering several
services.
The paper comprises two main sections. In the first, we investigate what makes patent brokers so
crucial in structuring the market for patents. We argue that in several cases patent brokers can be a first
best and we investigate what makes brokers a preferable option in extracting value from patents. We
argue that patent brokers do have specific competences that necessitates their presence. By discussing
most relevant managerial theories – like transaction cost economics, resource capabilities and above all
brokerage theory - we formulate specific hypotheses to be tested empirically. In the second section, we
discuss possible research design to test the hypotheses. Several technical databases on patents do
exist, but none of them covers licensing and reassignment and no public information on patent brokers
exists. This causes several methodological and operational dilemmas, like sample construction,
segmentation of proper units of analysis, and operationalization of variables. Building on existing
research on brokerage, we offer and discuss possible methodological alternatives.
Page 340
Abstract
Investigating Social Interactions via Active RFID
Lorenzo Isella
Ciro Cattuto
Alain Barrat
Vittoria Colizza
Wouter Van-Der-Broeck
Marco Quaggiotto
Dynamic Network Analysis, Data Collection, Network Mechanisms, Network Structure, Network Models
We present a scalable experimental framework for gathering real-time data on face-to-face social
interactions with tunable spatial and temporal resolution.
We use active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices that assess mutual proximity in a
distributed fashion by exchanging low-power radio packets.
We show results on the analysis of the dynamical networks of person-to-person interaction obtained in
different high- resolution experiments carried out at different orders of magnitude in community size.
The developed framework allows for the natural inclusion of the longitudinal dimension in the network
description thus going beyond the static network framework.
Furthermore, the experimental framework paves the way for modeling processes both of the network
and on the network.
Page 341
Abstract
Is a “Friend” a Friend?: Comparing the Structure of Online and Offline Friendship Networks
Brooke Foucault-Welles
Anne M. Van-Devender
Noshir Contractor
Adolescents, Virtual World, Friendship Network, Adults
An increasing number of Internet users are meeting new friends online. Although several studies have
explored the nature of these relationships through individual self-reports, little work has investigated
online friendships at a network level. Without network-level information, it is difficult to assess the
quality, longevity, or potential influence of these online relationships. This paper reports on a
meta-analytic study of online friendship networks. Using data gathered from logs of player activity in the
virtual world Second Life, we examine the network size, balance, gender- and age-homophily in 100
ego-centric friendship networks, 50 each for adolescents (13-14 years old) and adults (29-30 years old).
Based on prior studies of offline friendship networks, we hypothesized that adolescents would have
online friendship networks that were smaller, more balanced, and more age- and gender-homophilous
than adults. However, our results reveal that adolescents and adults do not have significantly different
online friendship network structures. Moreover, on average, the online friendship networks of both
adolescents and adults were larger, less balanced, and less homophilous than we predicted. Therefore,
we conclude that similarities between online and offline friendships found in previous studies comparing
the two at an individual level may not extend to the network level. Implications for future research on the
structure and effects of online friendship are discussed.
Page 342
Abstract
Is dolphin sponging a culture? A Social Network Approach
Janet Mann
Eric M. Patterson
Elisa J. Bienenstock
Brooke L. Sargeant
Maggie A. Stanton
Ewa B. Krzyszczyk
Diffusion, Culture, Spatial Analysis, Animal Networks, Evolution, Affiliation Networks
Controversy over whether wild animals exhibit culture critically depends on: the definition of culture and
field evidence for social learning. All definitions of culture require that the behavior is transmitted by
social learning to at least one other individual. In most non-human studies, all members of the group or
population exhibit the putative cultural behavior. An exception occurs in Shark Bay, Australia, where
<8% of bottlenose dolphins specialize in using marine sponges as foraging tools. Non-spongers and
spongers associate, creating a natural experiment for examining social transmission and culture in a
non-human species. Here we use SNA to examine the structure of sponger and non-sponger networks
and whether these can be interpreted as ‘cultural.’ Stringent definitions of culture require some social
function of the behavior. Such definitions are particularly interesting here because adult female
spongers are strikingly solitary, spending more time alone (80.3±5.8%) than females that do not sponge
(49.3±4.7%; P<0.0001). Spongers also have lower degree (19.2±6.37) than non-spongers (43.7±6.1;
P<0.001). In this analysis, we compare social metrics of spongers to non-spongers while examining the
role of spatial overlap to determine whether spongers preferentially associate, despite their solitary
tendencies. Similarly, we examine whether there are avoidance relationships between sponger and
non-sponger ‘communities.’
Page 343
Abstract
Is dropping old friends necessary for making new friends?
Lung-An Li
Chyi-In Wu
Friendship Ties, Friendship Network
It is said that everybody needs some friends sometime and somehow. However, making friends is not a
free lunch. It takes time and cost to keep friendship alive. In two of our panel studies, strong evidences
have shown that adolescents tend to drop some “old” friends they made in previous period before they
are afford to make some “new’ ones. Such a circumstance is not a unique situation but pervasive
around boy-only and girl-only high schools. This phenomenon is not ever discussed in literatures. In this
study, we intend to construct a model to illustrate its mechanism.
Let ties(t) represent the number of ties for an actor at time t. Then we found the differences
ties (t+1) – ties(t) = newf(t+1) - df(t),
where df(t) is the number of friends at time t, being dropped at time t+1
newf(t) if the number of new friends made at time t,
are negative for some t less then 5 for both surveys. This means ties (t) is not always keeping
increasingly for all t. Actors consider dropping some old friends for getting more friends.
We also found that the number of triads at time t, triad(t), increases with the increase of ties(t), but will
saturate for larger time t. We conducted a simulation to assume all actors drops old friends and makes
new friends with equal probability for all available actors given that all the numbers of dropping old
friends, and the numbers of making new friends are exactly as those of the data. We found the observed
outcome is consistent with the simulation results.
Page 344
Abstract
Ja-networks, diffusion of innovation and behaviour change
Kaberi Gayen
Robert Raeside
Diffusion, Kinship Networks, Behavior Change, Contraception Practice, Community Norm
A huge literature suggests that kinship networks hinder adoption of innovation, while a growing set of
literature found that kinship networks actually enhance adoption of innovation and/or behaviour change.
In this paper an attempt has been taken to understand when kinship networks hinder and when they
advance adoption of innovation. The same sample of population was used in two different perspectives,
one in the use of contraception and the other in the seeking qualified health professional advice in
pregnancy. Data were collected from women in six rural villages of Bangladesh (n=724). As most of the
village women are not allowed to travel unaccompanied outside home in rural Bangladesh, their social
networks are mainly comprised of relatives, in particular their brothers-in-law’s wives, Ja-s. Data were
collected in a manner so that both structural and attitudinal properties of individuals and their network
members could be measured. One of the basic propositions of diffusion of innovation theory that central
actors in a social network are more likely to adopt innovation was found relevant in the case of
contraception practice but a reverse result was found in the case of professional help in giving birth.
Through further explorations we found that the ideation of contraception is now virtually 100% whereas
use of health professionals at pregnancy is not at their normative levels yet and the central actors are
conforming more to social norms. We conclude, while measuring influence of kinship networks on
adoption of an innovation, community norm should be considered and interventions should be
suggested accordingly.
Page 345
Abstract
Jumping on the bandwagon: A longitudinal study on collaboration networks and decision to
participate
Marco Tonellato
Guido Conaldi
Network Dynamics, Collaboration, Open Source Floss Software, Affiliation Networks, Teams
In the context of self-managing teams, whether a member decides to voluntarily take action in a required
task may depend on how many fellow members have already done so. In this kind of binary decisions
with externalities ‘bandwagon’ or 'herding' effects play a crucial role in individual decisions to undertake
a specific course of action. Such effects have been linked to a broad set of phenomena including
diffusion of innovation, segregation, and success of fads. Building on these general results, in this paper
we conjecture that individual decisions to take on a task (i.e., the matching between individuals and
jobs) are influenced by network relations generated by collaboration among team members. In order to
explore our conjecture we collected data on a Free/Open Source Software (F/OSS) project team
consisting of 227 volunteer developers committed since 2002 to the development of a web browser. We
reconstructed 2-mode co-collaboration networks (software developer by bug) in which a tie represents a
voluntary action taken by a developer in order to solve a specific bug. Co-collaboration networks were
collected for several six-month development cycles of the software. We report and discuss results of
longitudinal actor-based modelling that we specify to test for the influence of local network structures on
developer’s decision to take action on a specific bug. The study controls for bug-specific and
developer-specific characteristics that may also affect developers’ decisions exogenously. We also
control for priority and severity levels assigned by the team to bugs in an attempt to manage voluntary
contribution.
Page 346
Abstract
Just a conversation like any other? A network analysis of digital activism in the German
Twittersphere
Andreas Jungherr
Pascal Jürgens
Collective Action, Network Analysis, Twitter
Recently the social media platform Twitter has become host to a growing number of political activism
campaigns. These campaigns form around keywords that are preceded by the hashtag sign (i.e.
#iranelections). As this phenomenon grows in importance, it is crucial to gain deeper insights into its
motivations and momentum. Do these #networks constitute political statements comparable to political
protests on the streets (H0) or are they only social media conversations comparable to non-political
conversations (H1)? Are they tools for social change or are they just interaction starters between users?
Social network analysis provides an interesting approach to these questions.
In this paper we compare the network graphs that formed around different #networks on Twitter. Two of
these #networks formed during 2009 around political topics. #zensursula was the hashtag used by
activists who protested against legislation that proposed internet filtering in Germany. #unibrennt was
the hashtag used by Austrian and German students protesting recent education reforms. Between these
network graphs we expect similarities in structure and user base. As a control group we will compare
them to another German #network of similar size but unpolitical nature.
Should we find large similarities in user base, communicative behavior and network structure between
both political and unpolitical networks, this could be seen as evidence towards the hypothesis that
political topics are predominantly used as mere conversation enablers (H1).
Since this is ongoing research, results are not ready yet,. They will be available for the full paper.
Page 347
Abstract
Kin and Neighbors: Hunting the Hills of Missouri
Kasey L. Walker
Mixed Methods, Kinship Networks, Rural Communities, Family Ties, Neighbor Relationships
This mixed-method study investigates the relationships among fur hunters and buyers in the Ozark
Region of the United States. I employ archival research, ethnographic interviewing, and participant
observation over a five month period to answer three primary research questions: (1) How do fur
hunters and buyers learn their trade? (2) What “value” do they place on their activities, especially given
that some may regard this pastime/work as anachronistic? (3) How do their kin and neighbor social
relationships influence their hunting/buying and vice versa? To answer these questions, I use both
network analysis of the networks generated from the participant interviews and thematic and critical
analyses of the archival data, interviews, and observations. Furthermore, the constructed networks are
shared with the participants in follow-up interviews for additional feedback (e.g., How do they make
sense of these networks? Are these networks representative of their experiences?). While this is a very
specific population, the findings here contribute (a) to the broader issues of mixed-methods research
and the recursive relationship between ethnography and network analysis, (b) how individuals use their
kinship and neighbor networks to learn, and (c) the relationship leisure and work (e.g., how leisure
becomes work).
Page 348
Abstract
KinMASON: Modeling Kinship Networks in Pakistan's Rural North-West Province
Armando Geller
Maksim Tsvetovat
Claudio Cioff-Revilla
Kinship, Agent Based Models, Afghanistan, Insurgencies
This research is part of a larger effort to build a realistic social landscape to understand attitudes and
allegiances in irregular warfare. We explore basal
mechanisms in the production of identity and the evolution of attitudes and friend-or-foe classification in
a computational social science framework.
• How does identity emerge from socio-demographic and marriage interactions?
• How can friend-or-foe categories be inferred from kinship structure?
The kinship group defines solidarity (Evans-Pritchard 1942; Malinowski 1930) and is a fundamental
social structure, deriving its significance from a common progenitor (“first instance”). Functional and
emotional relationships make kinship an inherently extendable concept. The effects of culturally
mediated decision
making on emerging social structure have been studied (e.g., Read 1999). We build upon this research
by applying the notions of political culture (Pashtunwali) and Simon’s “ near-decomposability ”. We also
devote considerable effort to mapping the boundary specification problem onto existing social theory.
Resulting kinship networks show an emergent hierarchical structure of identity and affiliation, from
self-identification as a Pashtun at the top level, to intra-clan relationships on the bottom. The emergent
structure displays high structural similarity to these observed in field studies, and exhibits a power-law
distribution of cluster sizes.
Page 349
Abstract
Knowledge sharing in non-knowledge intensive organizations: when social networks do not
matter
Otto Koppius
Rick Aalbers
Knowledge Networks, Intra-organizational Networks, Non-knowledge Intensive Organizations
Considerable attention has been paid to the network determinants of knowledge sharing. However,
most, if not all, of the studies investigating the determinants of knowledge sharing are either focused on
knowledge-intensive organizations such as consultancy firms or R&D organizations, or knowledge
workers in regular organizations, while lesser knowledge intensive organizations or non-knowledge
workers are rarely explored. This is a gap in the literature on social networks and knowledge sharing. In
this paper, the relations between network determinants and actor determinants of knowledge sharing
are empirically tested by means of a network survey in a less knowledge intensive organization,
specifically two separate stores of a Dutch department store chain. The results show that individual-level
variables such as organizational commitment, departmental commitment and enjoyment in helping
others are the major determinants of individuals’ knowledge sharing behavior, but none of the social
network variables play a role. The results thus present an important boundary condition to social
networks effects on knowledge sharing: social networks only seem to play a role in knowledge sharing
for knowledge workers, not for blue-collar workers.
Page 350
Abstract
LOSERS: HOW NOT TO WIN IN A GLOBAL INTERCONNECTED WORLD
Fabio Nonino
Matteo Vignoli
International Networks, Performance, Research Networks, Eu Framework Programmes
The paper illustrates the results of a research carried out on the topic of collaboration among
international research groups/institutes/or ganizations. The aim of this research is to understand if the
structural characteristics of network of collaboration are more important than experience and quality of a
research group and then to investigate the impact of network structure of collaboration at
inter-organizational level on a not positive outcome. Scholars has widely recognized the importance of
network structure of collaboration in research performances (Mart et al., 2002; Subramanyam, 1983).
However, when studying its negative impacts, literature is still scant and shows unexplored and
emergent research areas. Consequently the question which has driven our research is:
Is it the quality of partners and/or consortium or the network structure characteristics that determine
negative performances?
Our sample contains network data for 3363 research organizations which applied for a EU framework
program, but in three different calls (time points): respectively 1000, 788 and 1575. Among these only
378, 335 and 590 were funded for at least one project.
Preliminary results, which have to be further analyzed, seems to show that network characteristics are
better predictor of not positive outcomes than the research consortium quality.
Page 351
Abstract
LOST LETTERS IN THE NETHERLANDS. COLLECTIVE EFFICACY AND ITS RELATION TO
PROSOCIAL ACTION
Beate Volker
Henk Flap
Gerald Mollenhorst
Wouter Steenbeek
Veronique Schutjens
Collective Action, Personal Networks, Community Networks, Local Networks, Prosocial Action
Since a lack of collective efficacy has been shown being a powerful explanation for neighborhood social
and physical disorder, it is plausible to expect that its presence promotes the opposite, i.e., socially
desired outcomes. However, it is not yet studied whether there is indeed an association between
collective efficacy in neighborhoods and prosocial actions of residents or visitors. Our contribution
inquires into this alleged association by employing the lost letter technique (Milgram et al. 1965) in a
field experiment. We apply arguments on the influence of structural neighborhood conditions such as
ethnic heterogeneous composition, residential fluctuation, and economic poverty, and inquire whether
collective efficacy in neighborhoods mediates the effects of these conditions on prosocial action, or
whether it has a direct influence. Our data stem from 1240 letters dropped in a representative sample of
in 161 Dutch neighborhoods combined with a survey among residents (n=1007) and information of
Statistics Netherlands. We distinguish between two treatment groups, 1) place of the lost letter, i.e.
behind a car’s windshield wiper or on the ground; and 2) type of address; i.e. a Dutch name or a
Moroccan name. The sender’s address contained only information on the street and house number.
Information on structural neighborhood conditions was provided by Statistics Netherlands. First analyses
show that economic welfare has a stronger influence on letters returned from a given neighborhood than
its social composition with regard to ethnic homogeneity. Neighborhood networks also have an impact
on the likelihood of resending letters.
Page 352
Abstract
Labrador Inuit Social Networks and Social Problems
Kirk Dombrowski
Bilal Khan
Joshua Moses
Relational Embeddedness, Community Structure, Social Structural Location, Indigenous Communities,
Ethnography, Multiple-network Studies
Labrador Inuit have recently concluded a large land settlement, gaining administrative control over a
28,000 sq mile region (roughly the size of Belgium) know as Nunatsiavut. With it they have inherited a
large number of social problems, including among the highest suicide rates in the world, high levels of
household violence, high rates of population growth and economic change. This paper details recently
collected social network data from Nain, the seat of government in the new region. This data consists of
social connections associated with housing, jobs, domestic problems for women and youth, alcohol use,
traditional food use and the circulation of hunted/collected items, and the sharing of Inuit traditional
knowledge. The data was collected in the Fall ’09-Spring ’10, drawn from interviews with almost all
adults in the community of Nain. In addition, household specific data will be used to aggregate individual
ties and compare network specific measures with household specific data, like income, composition,
physical space, and other factors. Contemporary questions about the role of kinship, traditional
ecological knowledge, economic stability, ties to the external economy, and other questions are
approached from a network framework. As such, the paper will demonstrate the value of collecting
multiple topologies among a single population, each around specific set of social problems or issues.
Such an approach allows for topological comparison across networks and thus an approach to domain
specific inquiries from the standpoint of multiple kinds of interaction.
Page 353
Abstract
Leadership in networks: In search of exceptional agency
Dimitrios C. Christopoulos
Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Political Networks, Experiments, Psychological Network Theory,
Longitudinal Analysis
The two dominant streams in the leadership literature premise leadership either as a role within
socio-political structure (George 1969; Meindl 1995) or as a behavioural predisposition of agents
(Nowak et al 2005). Leadership roles are determined by decisional power, most typically related to
hierarchical positions of agents and by the position of agents within socio-political networks. Leadership
behaviour can be seen as the outcome of psychological predispositions (Kalish and Robins 2006: Kilduff
et al 2008) and to some degree of processes influenced through complexity (Goldstein 2008).
Limitations in attaining meaningful predictions of leader potential can be assumed related to a
separation of leadership as agency from leaders as agents.
In this paper we attempt a theoretical integration of the two literature streams and provide an example
from an empirical case study where the evolution of the interaction and influence networks across
multiple decision events is compared with attribute and psychometric data about the actors. In this
semi-experimental setting leadership emergence is studied among four small groups of undergraduate
students in a UK University faced with a decision choice in an iterative political simulation game.
Page 354
Abstract
Learning Influence Propagation on Personal Blogs
Il-Chul Moon
Dongwoo Kim
Yohan Jo
Alice H. Oh
Social Influence, Blog Networks, Social Media
Weblogs (blogs) have become a major communication medium for the general public. Since blogs serve
as a gateway to a large blog reader population, blog authors can potentially influence a large reader
population by expressing their thoughts and expertise in their blog posts. An important and complex
problem, then, is figuring out why and how influence propagates through the blogosphere. While a
number of previous research has looked at the network characteristics of blogs to analyze influence
propagation through the blogspace, we hypothesize that a blog’s influence depends on its contents as
well as its network positions. Thus, in this paper, we present the results of our experiments to predict the
level of influence of a blog by applying machine learning algorithms to its contents and network
positions. We observed over 70,000 blog posts, reduced from over 20,000,000 posts, and we found that
the prediction accuracy shows significant improvements from looking at the content topics and the
network positions simultaneously. We expect that this research result will contribute to understanding
the problem of influence propagation through the blogosphere, and to developing applications for
recommending influential blogs to social web users.
Page 355
Abstract
Learning within Multi-partner Alliances: The Influence of Coalitions, Competition, and Power
Ralph A. Heidl
Kevin H. Steensma
Corey Phelps
Inter-organizational Networks, Knowledge Transfer, Power, Cooperation, Patents, Collaboration
Network
Multi-partner alliances have distinctive characteristics that can affect partners’ willingness to share their
knowledge. In this study, we considered how coalitions, competition, and power within multi-partner
alliances influence the extent to which partner firms are able to learn and use partner knowledge in their
independent innovative efforts. We found that the potential for coalition influence and internal
competition within a multi-partner alliance decreased knowledge sharing. However, those firms which
had substantial power relative to their partners, due to their technological expertise, benefited
disproportionately in learning from their partners, and their learning was less impeded by internal
competition and coalitions.
Page 356
Abstract
Link Classification on a Large Social Networking Data in Japan
Junki Marui
Mikio Kato
Yutaka Matsuo
Yuki Yasuda
Social Networks On The Web, Social Network Analysis
We investigate the structure of the social network and the access log in mixi, which is the largest social
networking service (SNS) in Japan with more than 16 million users and 410 million connections. First,
we show the basic properties of the data, such as the access interval and degree distributions. We
found that there is a large gap between different genders and different generations on friendship
connections. Second, we classify the friendship connections into several types by a clustering
technique. By defining the attributes of individual ties, five clusters are emerged: 1) links between users
with the same gender and the same age group, 2) links between users with a large age differences, 3)
links between users with numerous common friends, 4) links between users of different genders, and 5)
links between users with a large degree difference. Finally, we count the number of triad patterns, i.e.,
network motifs, in order to find frequent co-occurring link types. Our study is novel in that we apply
clustering to a vast volume of social links by making feature vectors, which enables network motif
analysis using categorized links. The analyses reveal the interaction patterns on mixi, which provides
insight into how to make information flow on the SNS for product recommendations and advertisements.
Page 357
Abstract
Linked chains among alumni in an Engineering School : the use of address book
Marie-Pierre Bès
Social Capital, Email Networks, Name Generator Approach
It is well known that social relations, in particular among students, are important for job searching
(Granovetter, 1974 ; Lin, 2001), professional networking (Grossetti & Bès, 2001) and political elite
acquaintance (Kadushin, 1995). In 1989, Pierre Bourdieu characterized the community spirit of French
“Grandes Ecoles” by the way their alumni share a social capital. In contrast, some recent studies
underlined that the competition in private sector reduces the room for favoritism based on alumni
networks (D. Kawaguchi, W. Ma, 2007).
The study of relations among alumni deserves further investigations to understand the impact of
students networks in the company’s lifes. Examples of questions include “Who keeps in touch with his or
her former schoolmates?,” “Do former schoolmates working in the same company know one another?,”
“When and how do engineers use their school’s alumni address book?”.
The paper relies on the qualitative data provided by (Bès, 2009) in the framework of an French
Engineering “Grande Ecole” and discusses the results of an observation experiences on Web-mediated
relations. The approach reuses the small world experiment conducted by Milgram (1965) and the names
generators methods: a student sent an e-mail to an alumni sample and followed the path monitoring by
this message. Finally, the final database, generated by different linked chains includes 1240 alumni who
received an email through the network progressively built by the 70 first senders.
At first, our results underline the small size of the social group, defined by one chain : the average chain
length is only 14 for a recurrent rhythm of 1 for 10 receivers. At second, the data emphasize the
embeddedness of these relations in the professional context : Emails propagate according to a vertical
logic, among people working in the same company, regardless of graduation year.
Page 358
Abstract
Linking on-line social networks and real-world human proximity
Juliette Stehle
Lorenzo Isella
Harith Alani
Ciro Cattuto
Gianluca Correndo
Marco Quaggiotto
Dynamic Network Analysis, Social Network, Network Models, Community
The convergence of web-based social networking systems with mobile
applications prompts new research directions on relating on-line social
networks with their real-world counterparts. Here we report on experiments at
conference gatherings where the real-world face-to-face proximity of
individuals was recorded together with their identities and connections in
several on-line social networking systems. We find that the existence of an
on-line link between individuals is strongly correlated with the strength of
their face-to-face presence, as well as with the similarity of their social
contacts in physical space. Based on these findings, we characterize how
accurately the existence of an on-line social link can be predicted by using
the measured properties of face-to-face presence.
Page 359
Abstract
Linking social and ecological networks in coastal fisheries
Joseph J. Luczkovich
Becky A. Deehr
Jeffrey C. Johnson
Lisa Clough
David Griffith
Brian Chevaurant
Natural Resource Management, Animal Networks, Affiliation Networks, Equivalence, Management,
Ecological Network Analysis
Humans have caused significant impacts to ecological networks because of their fishing in coastal food
webs – they are “keystone” species. Intensive fishing by humans often causes a trophic cascade
(indirect effect), disproportionately affecting other species not the target of the fishery. To examine the
potential for such indirect effects in both ecosystems and social systems, we prepared social and
ecological networks of fishing activities in Core Sound, NC (USA). We analyzed the food web networks
in adjacent bays where the use of trawling and other commercial fishing gears has been intensive or
restricted for 30 years, creating a natural comparative study of ecosystems with differing levels of
fisheries extractions. We integrated the species-node ecological networks in the intensively fished areas
with a fisherman (actor) by gear-species (event) affiliation network, which allowed us to examine the
ways fishermen might switch among fisheries. Fishermen were most strongly affiliated in the gill net
fisheries for southern flounder and red drum (> 70 participants), hard clam raking (> 30 participants),
pound netting and shrimp trawling (> 15 participants). We estimated the ecological impacts of each of
these fisherman affiliation groups using an ecological network model based on the fishermen’s reported
catches. Restriction of fishing with gill nets may increase trawling and clamming activities, increasing the
ecosystem impacts associated with those gears. Conversely, reducing shrimp trawling may cause
fisherman to shift to gill netting for declining species (like flounder and red drum). Because
single-species management plans have indirect impacts both on ecosystems and the social systems,
both social and ecological network models are useful tools for fishery management.
Page 360
Abstract
Local Structure in Dynamic Belief Networks
Lorien Jasny
Network Dynamics, Triad Census, Cognitive Social Structures
Entailment networks are produced from survey responses by studying the relationships between each
question in the survey at the population level. In the dichotomous case, there exist 5 possible
relationships between questions A and B. This formulation extends the traditional dyad census of
M(mutual), A(assymetric), N(null), with two new logical relationships E(exclusive), C(coexhaustive).
Using data from political participation and ideology surveys, I investigate the structure of the
relationships between responses and change in that structure over time. I test whether these macro
cognitive norms affect individual responses over time.
Page 361
Abstract
Local governance networks in Europe: Preliminary findings
Olivier Walther
Dimitrios C. Christopoulos
Christophe Sohn
Homophily, Geography, Governance, Social Network Analysis, Cooperation
The structure of local governance networks has particular interest for SNA. Actors are strongly
embedded in their locations and geographic proximity can be contrasted with network propinquity or
other relational attributes of actors. In this paper we present the background to a study of local
governance networks in four cross-border city-regions across Europe. In our work we hypothesise that
there is a relation between network topology and geographical topology. We test for distortions in
network structure related to homophily effects related to culture, language and identity.
In order to analyse the configuration of networks in local governance we require both the identification of
the role played by actors and the evaluation of the nature of their relationships. The objective is to know
which actors play a central role in strategic planning and territorial promotion and what are the
determinants of their power relations. We focus on formal and informal relations between institutional
actors, especially cities on the one hand and central states on the other. Building on the literature on
new metropolitan governance, we are interested in whether networks are affected by the role of the city
administrations in national policy space. We assume that municipalities at the core of the metropolitan
areas play a central role in the construction of a cross-border metropolitan cooperation unless they are
state capitals.
Central to our inquiry is the role of political actors in relation to other actors embedded in local networks.
Are political elites in a central position in these networks and if so, what are their motivations? This type
of questioning requires taking into account the individual actors in addition to organizations and in
particular the role of political entrepreneurs in political leadership and network brokerage roles. We also
investigate the role played by non-political actors, in particular economic decision-makers, but also civic
associations, planners, experts and consultants of cross-border cooperation. Following the literature on
metropolitan cooperation in Europe, our hypothesis is that the opening up of networks to actors in the
private sphere is a motivating factor, as private initiatives are likely to stimulate actions taken by public
stakeholders.
Page 362
Abstract
Location of social networks and political participation: Comparative study in Japan and Korea.
Motoko Harihara
Social Capital (Poster)
Social Capital, Japan, Personal Networks, Korea, Political Participation, Social Survey
Social capital — defined as trust, norms of reciprocity, and social networks — promotes people to
participate in political behaviors (e.g., Putnam, 2000). Although a growing body of research seeks to
shows how social networks influence political participation, it is not still clear what kind of social
networks promotes participation. Research on cross-cutting networks has shown that political
disagreement with alters discourage participation (Mutz, 2002). In this line of arguments, social capital
which promotes political participation is homogeneous “bonding” one. On the other hand, “bridging”
social capital is argued to be important to expose people to new information, and has some evidences to
promote participation (e.g., Ikeda & Richey, 2005). This study aims to examine this question using
different measures than before. Most of the previous studies which investigated the effect of social
networks used name generators. This method is beneficial to examine the specific relationships
between ego and some important alters, but cannot capture the impact of ego’s entire personal
networks. In this study, two comparative social surveys were conducted in Japan and Korea, and
respondents were asked to count their 1) families and relatives, 2) colleagues, 3) friends, 4) other
acquaintances, further divided into alters’ living place; a) living in the same city with respondent or b) in
other cities, respectively. Network size had positive effect on political participation in both countries, but
geographical closeness of social networks — ratio of alters living in the same city with ego to all alters
— had positive effect only in Japan. Some possible interpretations will be discussed.
Page 363
Abstract
Longitudinal Family Networks
Walter Bien
Holger Quellenberg
Ego-centered Networks, Development, Family
Beginning 1988 the German Youth Institute started a survey asking for family related egocentered
networks to describe a wider support network . Within this support network of ego all different relevant
family definitions should be allowed to operationalize. Therefore up to 10 different generator question
and several indicators to describe the alter of ego were asked . Up to now three replicative waves were
realized. A subsample was interviewed four times 1988, 1994, 2000 and 2008. So there are
informations about the development of family related networks over 20 years.First results of continuity
and change related to several states of the life cycle of interviewed persons will be presented.
Page 364
Abstract
Lunch and Brands: The connection between group and brand choices
Alexandre Rausch
Christian Stegbauer
Network Theory, Simulation, Peer Effects
Harrison White (1992) has argued that positional patterns emerge through negotiations in specific
situations. For negotiations in such situations the cultural tool kit (Swidler 1986) is referred to. The tool
kit comprises symbols, stories, rituals, world views, ideologies, societal positions and their role patterns.
The identities of the people involved (and their preferences) develop in such situations (certainly people
have to adjust their identities to different situations.
In our experiment we assumed that a lunch group at a table can be conceived as a positional system on
a micro scale. In this system processes of adjustment take place. Such processes are known as “status
homophily and value homophily” (Lazarsfeld/ Merton 1957) or homophily in social networks (McPherson
et al. 2001).
University canteen visitors are relatively homogeneous (mostly students, sometimes staff and faculty
members). In this setting we carried out an experiment to determine whether the individual choice of
brands is dependent on the choice of the table group. We compiled a questionnaire to obtain information
about In a questionnaire information was requested about six different types of products (jeans,
watches, mobile phones, sneakers, mp3 players, cars).
We constructed two-mode networks (tables and members of the table group). We made 1000
simulations of the composition of the table networks to establish whether the observed similarity of
brand choices is significantly higher than the simulated configuration. We obtained significantly higher
similarities for all six types of products.
Page 365
Abstract
Macro-structural conditions on micro-friendship formation processes: Towards convergence or
divergence?
Filip Agneessens
Gerhard Van-De-Bunt
Maurits De-Klepper
Network Theory, Siena, Friendship Network, Actor-based Models, Longitudinal Analysis, Micro-macro
Considerable advances have been made in the understanding of friendship networks, as well as in the
friendship-formation processes. However, few longitudinal studies have considered how
macro-structural conditions at the start might have an impact on the subsequent mechanisms to form
friendship ties. In this paper we study how the (macro-)position (ego-network) that an actor starts from
might have an impact on the subsequent micro-level preferences to make changes to this network. More
concretely we ask the questions: 1) Do people who start with few friends, tend to have a higher
preference to build new friendship relations than people who have more friends at the beginning? 2) Do
people who at the beginning have many heterophilous friends (i.e. where ego and alter are different on
some characteristics) have a higher preference to build homophilous new friendships, while others who
already have a high level of homophilous alters prefer heterophilous new friends? 3) Do people with a
highly closed friendship network tend to prefer new friends who are not yet connected to this
friendship-cluster, while people with an open network prefer to develop new friendships with the friends
of their friends? We use a SIENA model to study how the tendency to form new friendships differs
depending on these 3 conditions and subsequently consider the macro-structural implications on 1) the
variance in the number of friends, 2) the level of heterophilous friends, and 3) the level of closure.
Page 366
Abstract
Making the Most of Conferences via Social Networking
Julia Hersberger
Crystal Fulton
Kate Johnson
Ophelia T. Morey
Ruth Vondracek
Social Capital, Communication Networks, Group Communication, Information Exchange, Network
Socialization
Social computing has ushered in a new way for people to interact on the Web. Acceptance of this
means of interacting suggests a significant impact on our social lives. Nevertheless, little empirical
research has been conducted to understand the effect of these interactions on social behavior
(Bumgarner, 2007).
This paper reports findings of a preliminary study investigating social interactions among American
Society of Information Science & Technology Annual Meeting attendees. Prior to conference
attendance, ASIS&T members were invited to share their conference experiences via a specially
created Facebook group. During the 2008 and 2009 conferences focus groups and individual interviews
were conducted, along with unobtrusive observation of attendees.
Findings indicate people easily joined the Facebook group but were not particularly engaged in online
discussions. The findings also suggest that it is easier to build one’s social capital face to face rather
than interacting online. There were more opportunities for accidental meetings, such as sitting next to
someone at dinner and strategic interactions such as approaching a senior scholar in person after a
session. Both instrumental and expressive actions were rated important. Socially rich environments
include various hotel locations and conference events; conference sessions offered least potential for
making connections. Besides setting, an important component of personal networking at conferences is
the effect of “outreach” to junior attendees by senior attendees. “Outreach” may influence social
integration at conferences and within ASIS&T.
Page 367
Abstract
Management Systems and the Social Capital of Knowledge Workers in Geographically Dispersed
Firms
Marlene A. Biseda
Organizations, Social Capital, Qualitative Approaches, Virtual Environments, Management Systems,
Knowledge Workers
Working in geographically dispersed organizations is increasingly becoming the reality for knowledge
workers. Working virtually can provide a sense of autonomy, but also a sense of isolation. Similarly,
managers have additional challenges when they and their employees are not co-located, especially
when they must integrate new employees into the firm. Managers spend time and resources to develop
systems that replace the informal meetings and discussions that happen naturally in traditional offices.
The resultant infrastructure is expected to enable virtual employees to develop relationships with other
members of the organization.
This paper examines how knowledge workers develop a network of relationships during their initial
years in geographically dispersed firms. It assesses effectiveness of the organizational infrastructure
(the roles, processes, and information technology) in place to enable the building of social capital in the
virtual environment. Three cases were studied: auditors in a regional practice of a Big Four accounting
firm, project managers in the professional services practice of a global technology company, and
executive managers in a business unit of a global manufacturing company. 42 participants were
interviewed about the use and perceived value of the organizational infrastructure to develop
relationships. The quantitative assessment and key drivers of value are presented. Similarities across
cases and differences based on firm context are discussed.
Page 368
Abstract
Marketization and Job Search Networks in Urban China: A Decade of Change
Yanjie Bian
Xianbi Huang
Social Capital, Personal Networks, China, Job Search
To what extent has the role of social networks in employment processes been altered by the increasing
marketization of China’s transitional economy? Capitalizing on a 1999 and a 2009 large scale surveys in
Chinese cities, we test three research hypotheses about the persistence, decreasing and increasing
significances of interpersonal networks in job search processes. An initial data analysis shows that 1)
the proportion of network users in the acquisition of jobs increased over years; 2) network users are
more crowded in the acquisition of competitive jobs than in less competitive jobs; and 3) social networks
are more active in sectors of greater institutional uncertainty. Our ongoing efforts focus on micro- and
macro-level factors to explain these observed patterns, and we will aim to present a full set of results
and a completed paper at the Sunbelt conference in July 2010.
Page 369
Abstract
Marriage Networks and Political Power in Poland, 1500-1795
Paul D. Mclean
Network Dynamics, Historical Networks, Kinship, Political Networks
In patrimonial political regimes, marriage is a crucial instrument of political alliance formation. This was
especially pervasively true in early modern Poland, where the monarchy was exceedingly weak and
political power devolved to several dozen regionally influential magnate families. This paper traces the
dynamic development of marriage alliance structure in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth based on a
dataset of over 3100 marriages contracted by Polish elite families between 1500 and 1795. Previous
work on this data has generated only static pictures and very coarse-grained periodization. This paper
employs SONiA to generate a more evolving, decade-by-decade representation of the network. Data on
individuals’ and families’ region of origin and their political capital (in the form of senatorial offices held)
is used to label nodes, in order to trace inter-regional consolidation and to identify core action locales
within the network.
Page 370
Abstract
Matrix Operations for Counting Triads
Akishige Kishida
Matrix Mathematics, Triads, Graph Theory, Transitivity, Balanced Triad
In the present presentation, I’d like to show a few new matrix operations for counting the number of
triads in a graph, transitive triads in a digraph, and balanced triads in both a signed graph and a signed
digraph respectively. Transitivity is an important concept not only in mathematics but also in sociology,
social psychology, and economics. As a matter of fact, it is one of the fundamental key concepts in
social networks research. The concept of balance triad is also significant for analyzing social network
data.
The number of transitive triads in a digraph and of balanced triads in a signed graph can be counted
visually with ease if their orders are small. As the order becomes larger, however, it gets more difficult to
do so by means of visual inspection. An alternative method is desirable. Suppose that denotes an
adjacency matrix representing a diagraph. Then each entry of gives the number of length 2 sequences.
We can obtain a matrix by using the Hadamard multiplication, whose each entry gives the number of
transitive triads. We can also calculate the number of balanced triads in a signed digraph by
generalizing the above method. A new operation will be defined for that purpose.
Page 371
Abstract
Meaning Networks for Social Networks concept: A Scientometric Study Case
Gabriel Velez
Bibliometrics, Meaning Networks, Social Network, Scientometrics
Meaning networks is a methodological tool that allows to measure emergence of meaning in Scientific
texts. Luhmann said that is possible to understand society as emergence of meaning through
communications (not only throught phenomenological or hermeneutic processes). Communications
have both systemic and structural properties. Systemic property allows to find systems codes, functions
and operations composed by communications and meaning (scientific articles in our case). Structural
property allows to draw maps of relations between communications and aggregation or disaggregation
of meaning. Meaning networks mix both kind of analysis through distictions’ theory from second order
cybernetics (Niklas Luhmann; George Spencer-Brown; Louis Kauffman) and structural analysis from
exploratory SNA and Scientometrics (Loet Leydesdorff). From this mixture, it’s proposed a concept
called Components of Distinctions that mix the definition of weak component with overlapping emergent
structures of co-word analysis, aggregated journal-journal references (Leydesdorff), Main-Path Analysis
(Hummon and Doreian) and bi-component analysis. The evolution of social network concept is
presented through 20 theoretical objects and 13 methodological procedures identified. Analysis is based
on 487 texts from Social Networks, Redes Review, and random texts from JSTOR an Scielo databases.
Page 372
Abstract
Measuring Negative Ties: a combined approach.
Renato Roda
Longitudinal, Adolescents, Network Socialization, Youth Networks, Network Structure, Negative
Relationships
The research on the actual role of Negative Ties in personal network dynamics constitute a real open
frontier for both conceptual and methodological development. The work on this topic – while not
completely non existent – is quite scanty compared with the one focused on positive ties, and social
resources. Still, in recent years a few influential papers have raised the interest among the social
sciences academic community in negative relationships, pointing to the fact that these are more
important than positive relations in social networks for understanding attitudes and behaviors, because
negative relations are more salient. At the moment one of the main methodological issue tied to this
path of research is the improvement of a set of specialized instrument, suited to measure the
idiosyncratic attributes of negative ties. In this paper, we will analyze the methodological approach
adopted by an in progress longitudinal research, centered on negative social networks. The study,
conducted on a sample of 12 high school classes, representative of the different streams of the Italian
educational system, aims to analyse the evolution of positive and negative relationships in a relatively
closed and enduring social setting, and their possible effects on students’ performances, the formation
of their social attitudes, the vision of the future career. These analyses will rely on several measures of
the relationships among the students within each class, some based on the name elicitor methodology
and one on an (innovative) ethnographic approach, meant to overcame the several biases that limit the
soundness of information about direct negative ties. The paper, precisely, intends to compare the
different measures of negative and positive ties, and to asses the envisaged advantages of the
ethnographic instrument, on the basis of the results of the first wave of the study.
Page 373
Abstract
Measuring Programmer Creativity Through Sociometric Badges
Casper Lassenius
Tuomas Niinimaeki
Arttu Piri
Daniel Olguin-Olguin
Peter A. Gloor
Group Communication, Collaboration, Emotional Intelligence, Team Formation, Decision-making
Structures, Sensors
IIn this project we analyze knowledge flows and knowledge worker productivity in two high-tech
companies in a Nordic European country. In particular, we measure face-to-face interaction among
three teams of software developers through sociometric badges. Two of the teams were co-located in
one location, one was split with another location in an Eastern European country. All teams used the
highly interactive agile Scrum development methodology, in which team members work together in small
collaborating groups in two to four week iterations, having daily project meetings. This process is very
well suited for measurement with sociometric badges. In particular, we are able to compare interaction
patterns with team outcomes on a detailed level.
We correlate social network metrics such as betweenness centrality, degree centrality, and contribution
index with individual daily ratings collected though an online survey from the developers. In particular,
we asked how creative, productive, communicative, and stressed the developers felt on each particular
day. Early results indicate strong correlation between creativity and productivity, which means that
developers feel creative and productive at the same time. Feel of stress and need for communication
seems to be negatively correlated with contribution index. This means the more programmers face other
people directly, the lower the need for communication and the feeling of stress seems to be. To put it in
other words: the more developers are being looked at by others without reciprocating, the more stressed
they feel.
Page 374
Abstract
Measuring Segregation in Social Networks
Michal Bojanowski
Rense Corten
Methods, Measures, Homophily, Segregation
Network homophily is a pattern, in which ties are more likely to exist between nodes similar to each
other. It is frequently observed for various types of social relations. At the same time, segregation is a
recognized feature often encountered in urban areas, which is characterized by a tendency of families to
occupy neighborhoods inhabited by other families similar to them. In this paper we consider both
phenomena as manifesting themselves with the same types of outcomes: a social network of interlinked
positions occupied by a population of actors. In this setting we review existing measures and
approaches to measuring the extent of homophily/segregatio n in social networks. In this task we pursue
a systematic approach by first specifying a set of basic properties that a generic segregation measure
should/could have. The existing measures are then confronted with these properties. This allows us to
dissect various aspects differentiating the existing measures. We argue that, given the particular
application and the need for some descriptive measure of segregation, the results presented in this
paper can help in selecting an optimal measure for the task at hand.
Page 375
Abstract
Measuring change in event dynamics
Christoph Stadtfeld
ERGM/P*, Communication Networks, Event Data, Evolution, Change
When communication networks or other social networks are analysed, the underlying data often consist
of dyadic, directed, weighted and time-stamped events between actors. Examples of events are e-mails
on a social networks platform, phone calls, or chat messages. Such a stream of events can be
transformed into a sequence of communication networks that are defined for each point in time.
It can be tested in how far these communication networks or other known networks and attributes
influence actor decisions, and thereby drive the dynamics of the event stream. A Markov process model
with an adapted ERGM probability function can be used for describing actor decisions on event
recipients.
When estimating structural parameters of an event stream, however, the researcher may be interested
in whether the influence of network structures on actor decisions is really stable over time. Sometimes
the relevance of certain structures change. There can be slow evolutionary effects or sudden structural
changes, caused by influences from outside the analysed community. When analysing the whole data
stream at once, information on such cases would get blurred. Therefore, a new approach will be
presented that allows to visualize the change of parameter estimates over time.
To illustrate the mentioned methods, different examples of communication data sets will be used.
Page 376
Abstract
Measuring the Reciprocity Effect in a Series of FollowFriday Twitter Networks
Spyridon K. Lazaropoulos
Andrew Conway
Dimitrios G. Daousis
Twitter Networks (Poster)
Visualization, ERGM/P*, Twitter Networks, Large-scale Networks
Starting from Friday, November 20th, 2009, and continuing every Friday throughout (at least) the first
quarter of 2010 (or possibly longer), we have been collecting massive amounts of FollowFriday Twitter
data. In our Twitter searches, we are employing The Archivist application < http://flotzam.com/a
rchivist/> (searching the FF hash-tag) and, subsequently, we are filtering the data through certain scripts
that we have devised in order to be able to extract the FollowFriday Twitter networks for each Friday in
the time period we are collecting these data.
Essentially, the main types of rules for the formation of ties (which are directed links/arcs) in the FF
networks are the following two (where A, B, C, …, L, M, N, … are tweeples, i.e., Twitter users):
(1) FF tweets of the reference (@) form “@A: @B, @C, @D, … #FF @L, @M, @N, …” generate
directed links/arcs from A to B, C, D, … and from A to L, M, N, …
(2) FF tweets of the retweet (RT) form “@A: RT @B, RT @C, RT @D, …, @ RT K #FF @L, @M, @N,
…” generate directed links/arcs from A to B, from B to C, from C to D, …, to K and from K to L, M, N, …
Of course, when we encounter mixed tweets combining the above two basic rules, we extract the
corresponding FF network ties in the obvious ways. Thus, the obtained FF networks are very large
directed graphs including a number of vertices of the order of 200,000 to 400,000 tweeples. For these
networks, we are computing the distribution of in- and out-degrees of the tweeples. Moreover, we are
trying to visualize some much smaller components (or communities) of these networks and to monitor
their time evolution (in a sequence of Fridays).
Finally, we are conducting a statistical analysis through the ERGM specification in order to compute an
estimate of the reciprocity (mutuality) effect. As usually, the fit of such a p1 model uses a standard
maximum likelihood estimation and the resulting approximate maximum likelihood estimates are
obtained using a stochastic algorithm based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Our hypothesis is
that the time evolution of the reciprocity (mutuality) estimate might indicate some sort of a
self-organizing process among the members of the community of tweeples as, for instance, the
development of some sort of a mutually gratifying or mature sociality among them. Our aim is to test this
hypothesis through a long series of Fridays by taking appropriate samples of the FF networks in order to
facilitate an efficient operation of the ERGM package.
Page 377
Abstract
Measuring the Transformation of World Trade Patterns
Lucio Biggiero
Mario Basevi
Methods, Economic Networks, Globalisation, Geography, Qap Multiple Regression Analysis
The world trade web represents the network of the international trade, which is at the core of economic,
social and political interest to understand the true nature of globalization, beyond ideological views and
superficial analysis. In fact, only by studying the transformation of the world trade web is possible to
grasp a real picture of the extent of globalization and other interesting aspects. The focus of our analysis
is the multi-methodological assessment of the degree of similarity of world trade web through the
comparison of the matrixes corresponding to each year. Four methods have been used: QAP correlation
of the valued networks; QAP correlation of its dichotomized links; QAP correlation of the actual
dichotomized links (that is, excluding the absent links); Euclidean distance. The discussion of the results
will concern each single method and its differences, because it will be showed that they produce quite
different outcomes. Thus, the paper gives two main scientific contributions. The first one concerns
international economics, because it supplies crucial and objective data to the debate on the extent and
characteristics of globalization. The second one consists in a discussion of the methodological problems
related to the application and outcomes of the four different methods and to its corresponding
information content. Of the researchers are not aware of them, their analysis could lead to very
divergent findings regarding the structure of international trade at world or country or sectoral levels.
Further, since the main divergences occur either in moving from value to dichotomic links or from
including/excluding the zeros or in shifting from the direction (QAP approaches) to the amount
(Euclidean distance) of similarity, we suggest that our warnings extend to all analysis of value networks.
The problems grow if the links values have a great range and in the network there are also many absent
links. Interestingly, these remarks hold even for high dense networks, as the world trade web is.
Page 378
Abstract
Memory Constraints and Network Structure
Matthew E. Brashears
Network Theory, Theory, Experiments, Discussion Networks
Why are humans able to build larger and more complex groups than other primates and what does the
answer mean for social science? The fact of human society has in many ways been taken as a givenhuman society is to be explained because humans are, first and foremost, a social species.
Nevertheless, our great capacity as a species for the creation of extensive social structures is unusual
and must, on some level, be rooted in our biology. More importantly, however, just as our biology
enables us to build large social structures, it also imposes constraints on the types of structures that we
are able to build. To understand how humans create and maintain their societies, we must determine
how our biological endowments both enable, and constrain, our unique level of sociability. This paper,
building on the Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesis and the work of R.I.M. Dunbar, develops theory
and describes an ongoing experiment aimed at both exploring our cognitive capacity for sociability and
linking this to the structure of our social networks. Preliminary results suggest that the ability to
remember social information is partly determined by the availability of organizing schema and that some
aspects of social networks, such as balance and transitivity, may be adaptive responses that allow an
organism to construct larger networks with a sub-linear increase in cognitive demands. Directions are
suggested for future work and the development of general network theory.
Page 379
Abstract
Merging social networks : Evolution of cooperation between organizational members in a
corporate merger
Nicola Mirc
Mergers And Acquisitions, Multiplexity, Cooperation, Management, Collaboration Network
Cooperation between organizational members plays a crucial role in synergy creation after a merger or
acquisitions. It has been identified as one of the key-factors linking human capital to post-acquisition
performance. The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the emergence of cooperative
processes between two merged consultant firms. Data on the collaboration networks, advice networks
and friendship networks of both firms was collected shortly before the merger and six months after
(through socio-metric questionnaires and in-depth individual interviews with the same consultants,
assistants and managers at the two points in time). The aim is to get insights on the way these networks
evolve over time and structure the emergence of cooperative behavior between organizational members
once firms are integrated. The results permit to apprehend the integration of interpersonal networks in
the scope of an organizational merger and contribute to the understanding of the role of multiplexity in
cooperative processes.
Page 380
Abstract
Mixing in large populations: Some new measures
Alden S. Klovdahl
Measures, Infectious Disease, Race, Homophily, Friendship Ties, Informant Accuracy
More often than not when we obtain 'real' network data (allowing us to map overall patterns of
connection) it is with a view to measuring structural properties to ascertain effects on individual actors or
on characteristics of the network as a whole. Where possible, we also try to understand effect-producing
processes. Rarely, however, do we recognize that these same network data can be employed to
develop measures of population characteristics for use when network studies are not appropriate,
feasible or cost-effective.
One critical characteristic of populations is the degree of 'mixing' within/between groups that are
similar/different on some feature(s). Examples: mixing between infected/susceptible individuals in
epidemiological studies, between various ethnic groups in studies of potential conflict, … and so on.
Here, network data – combined with theoretical, conceptual and empirical material from anthropology,
sociology, social psychology, philosophy, probability and statistical theory – were used to develop some
new population-level mixing measures. Their performance was tested against simulations carried out on
a supercomputer [n = 753,571 and n = 20,791,225].
These measures allow meaningful comparisons of mixing within and across epidemiological, policy,
social and other research studies. They provide a uniform basis for parameterizing relevant
mathematical models.
Page 381
Abstract
Mode Definition and Sampling in Affiliation Networks
Katherine Faust
Methods, Two-mode Networks, Affiliation Networks
With few exceptions, applications of two mode affiliation networks pay relatively little attention to
definition the mode defining memberships among the actor set or to sampling this mode. Lack of
attention to sampling can lead to inappropriate measures of association in one-mode projections from
the two mode network. This paper discusses sampling and measurement of association, with
illustrations from several empirical examples: Davis, Gardener and Gardner’s Southern Women;
Sugiyama’s co-feeding chimpanzees; Bernard, Killworth and Sailer’s fraternity members; Bejder’s
dolphin observations; and Galaskiewicz’s CEOs and board memberships.
Page 382
Abstract
Model-based Classification for Longitudinal Network Data
Huey-Fan Ni
Jing-Shiang Hwang
With the fact that human society is a dynamic object and actors in which might follow various types of
social contexts when taking actions, for longitudinal network data, we propose a method to classify
actors according to the predicted probabilities that they follow the particular social contexts. In the light
of the profit-maximization for each action, we employ an actor-oriented model with a mixture of
probabilities of attracting an actor to move from the current network to the other when he (or she) gets
the opportunity to make a change, where the unknown parameters can be estimated by a Monte Carlo
EM algorithm. Through introducing an indicator variable to each actor, the probabilities that an actor
follows the particular social contexts can be predicted, hence the individual inclination to take actions
can be suspected.
Page 383
Abstract
Modeling Influence and Power in Political Blog Networks
Wojciech Gryc
On-line Communities, Longitudinal, Political Networks
Analyzing blogs for marketing intelligence or performing e-social science holds numerous opportunities
for researchers. Using a year-long data set of political bloggers, we explore pre-existing definitions of
"influence" and "power" (i.e. centrality) in social networks, and illustrate these concepts as they work in
political discourse on the Internet. The debate surrounding influence in the blogosphere is complex, and
our approach to this topic is based on estimating probabilities that individual nodes (i.e. bloggers) will
cause those who read their work to adopt new linking patterns, new diction or slogans, or new sentiment
toward specific topics. Such measures take advantage of the longitudinal structure of our data to
illustrate the key differences between influence, homophily, power, and popularity.
Furthermore, we incorporate these definitions and measures into dynamical models of the blog networks
with the ultimate goal of predicting blogger- and community-based responses to internal and external
political events, such as the 2008 US Presidential election. Our specific data set consists of over 16
thousand political bloggers crawled daily between April 2008 and May 2009. The data set represents
over 2.8 million posts, and includes time stamps and post content. As such, even a descriptive overview
of the data provides useful insights into political bloggers, and mathematical models help us delve
deeper into the underlying social system.
Page 384
Abstract
Modeling Message Traction in Social Networks
Steven R. Corman
Scott Ruston
Kirk Errickson
Chase Clow
Diffusion, Simulation, Communication Networks
Many theories attempt to explain why some messages “get traction” in social networks and others do
not, including diffusion of innovations, memetics, ideodynamics, and others. Because these
theories—and the empirical studies that test them—are focused on particular domains and scholarly
traditions, none takes complete account of all the possible factors involved in message spread. This
study begins with a comprehensive review of available literature on the spread of messages to identify
known factors. Factors relating to the message, sender, receiver, group, medium, and environment are
tested in an agent based simulation designed to find the most parsimonious set that can reproduce
known distributions of message spread identified in descriptive research. This presentation discusses
challenges related to generating a realistic agent network and empirically grounding the factors and
some preliminary results.
Page 385
Abstract
Modeling Relational Events via Latent Classes
Christopher L. Dubois
Padhraic Smyth
Statistical Models, Block Model Analysis
Social networks often produce event data when actors interact. Techniques for analysing sequences of
dyadic events between actors are of increasing interest. We describe a generative model for dyadic
events, where each event arises from one of K latent classes, and the properties of the event (e.g.
sender, recipient, and action type) are chosen from distributions over these entities conditioned on the
chosen class. We then present two algorithms for inference in this model: an expectation-maximiza tion
algorithm as well as a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure based on collapsed Gibbs sampling. We
use these algorithms to analyze the model's predictive accuracy on multiple real-world datasets
involving email communication and international political events.
Page 386
Abstract
Modeling the Dynamics of Wikipedia Collaboration Networks
Juergen Lerner
Ulrik Brandes
Patrick Kenis
Denise Van-Raaij
Statistical Methods, Dynamic Network Analysis, Event Data, Wikipedia
The collaborative work in Wikipedia gives rise to a large two-mode network in which users are
connected to the articles they contribute to. Moreover, the edges in this network are associated each
with a dynamic point process encoding the timestamps of edit events. In this talk we apply descriptive
and inferential statistical methods to uncover empirical distributions and dependencies in the Wikipedia
collaboration network. Special emphasis is given to the joint dynamics of articles together with their
associated talk pages. Here we are interested in whether the editing process is influenced by ongoing
and past discussions or, vice versa, whether discussion is rather a reaction to previous edits.
Page 387
Abstract
Modeling the emergence of matrimonial circuits in random kinship networks: alternative
approaches and comparative results
Arnaud Bringé
Klaus Hamberger
Camille Roth
Statistical Methods, Data Collection, Kinship, Loops, Validation Methods
Empirical kinship networks are complex networks emerging from the interaction of demographic
constraints, marriage practices, and genealogical memory. A key to the understanding of their
morphogenesis is the study of their matrimonial circuit profile, that is, of the relative frequencies of
circuits resulting from marriages between relatives of different types. Recent research has made
considerable progress in this field. We are today able to count all matrimonial circuits in a given kinship
network and to enumerate all their theoretically possible types. However, we still lack efficient methods
for determining whether the observed frequencies indicate particular matrimonial preferences, are mere
by-products of other matrimonial practices, or are simply random artifacts due to the construction
process of the network under the condition of e.g. a given degree of endogamy. Observable marriages
between relatives are both logically and sociologically constrained by preceding marriages and by the
possibility to recall the concerned kinship and marriage ties. We are therefore in need of simulation
methods operating under the triple constraints of demographic parameters, matrimonial rules and
unknown data. The paper discusses alternative approaches towards this problem and presents the
comparative results of different models on a simple example (modeling the relative frequencies of
relinking marriages between sibling pairs).
Page 388
Abstract
Models and Methods to Identify Peer Eects: A Critical Review
Weihua An
Causal Inference, Peer Effects
Peer effects are very important for us to understand many social phenomena, including diffusion of new
knowledge and products, spreading of diseases and smoking, enlarging of socioeconomic inequality,
mobilizing of social movements, to name only a few. There have been numerous studies trying to
identify and quantify peer effects. This paper will review some of these attempts and recent advances in
statistical modeling and inference on peer effects, and point out some directions for future research in
this area. There are two features of this review worth of particular attention. One is that it is
interdisciplinary, drawing literature not only from sociology, but also from economics, political science,
statistics, etc. The other is that it uses potential outcomes framework to unite and elaborate its critiques
and emphasizes the conditions under which peer effects can be attributed as causal.
Page 389
Abstract
Models of Quasi-Symmetry Relate Sex to Dominance in Wild Dolphin Males
Margaret Stanton
Janet Mann
Alliances, Animal Networks, Dominance, Quasi-symmetry, Sex, Fitness
Models of quasi-symmetry are ideal for determining status, volume and proximity when valued
non-symmetric one mode data are available. In a previous paper, Mann (2006) collected and analyzed
data on the sociosexual play between ten young male dolphins observed in detail during focal follows.
Sexual encounters among young males are thought to play a role in status development and influence
the composition of alliances in adulthood. Since alliance membership is closely tied to fitness, these
alliances are very important; nearly all males form very close ties with two or three other males, with
whom they collaborate to secure fertile females. Often these dyads or triads also cooperate with other
alliances against a third alliance, a pattern previously thought unique to humans. In this study, data were
collected on the homosexual mounting incidents involving ten focal males. Behavioral observations
provide evidence that being the receiver is a less desirable position for males. The data reflect this
asymmetry: the rows represent the actor, the columns, the receiver. Mann analyzed the data to
determine the degree to which relationships between dolphins were symmetric. We extend this analysis
by using a model of quasi-symmetry to discover the status hierarchy and the alliance structure among
young dolphins and compare our results to this earlier work. We also compare results of the model to
analyses done using other metrics. Finally, we apply the method to a more extensive dataset that
includes more dolphins and several types of sociosexual encounters. Parameters generated from the
model can be used to investigate the relationship between early sociosexual play and outcomes such as
adult dominance, adult alliance composition and fitness.
Page 390
Abstract
Money Flows and Communication Patterns in an Illegal Drug Distribution Network
Carlo Morselli
Chloé Provost
Criminal Behavior, Centrality, Entrepreneurship, Brokerage, Covert
Past research on the financial organization of criminal groups and organizations has followed the
assumption that the flow of money and transactions in such settings takes place within a formal
organization setting. This assumption runs counter to much research on organized crime, street gangs,
and general criminal enterprise that have found the presence of more informal and flexible working
structures to be more conducive to crime. In short, when it comes to crime, the network has proven to
be a more relevant concept than the hierarchy. In this study, we follow through on the growing emphasis
on networks in crime by transposing this framework on the financial transactions between participants in
Montreal's illegal drug distribution market, circa 1994-2001. During this period, members from reputed
organizations, such as the Hells Angels, were strongly integrated in the market. Such organizations also
became the focus of intense law-enforcement targeting. Based on a mix of surveillance data, accounting
files kept by Hells Angels members, and interviews with various participants in this market during this
period, we find that the network framework does provide a more complete understanding of how illegal
drug distribution was structured and how money flows were coordinated therein. Three analytical paths
will be discussed: 1) that the central participants in this market were not members of any established
criminal organization; 2) that the pivotal actors in the financial network were primarily positioned along
the peripheral segments of the network; and 3) that the network, as a whole, was not organized around
any single individual or organization—on the contrary, the network revolved around the personal
capacities of individual actors to increase the number of supply and demand routes within the ensemble
of transactions. We conclude with a discussion of this study’s implications for dispelling the ongoing
stereotypes that often guide interventions and, unfortunately, much research in this area.
Page 391
Abstract
Motivation and Embeddedness of Wikipedia Editors
Keiichi Nemoto
Peter Gloor
Robert Laubacher
Degree Centrality, Dynamic Network Analysis, Wikipedia, Social Network Analysis, Friendship Network,
Betweenness Centrality
This paper analyzes editing patterns of Wikipedia contributors using dynamic social network analysis.
Our research question is what motivates the most active Wikipedians to spend a huge amount of time
doing their authoring and editing work. In particular we analyze the editing network of the 2716 featured
articles in the English language Wikipedia. Featured articles (FA) are the articles Wikipedians consider
their best work. As a metric of success we measure the amount of time it takes an article from its
creation to be promoted to FA.
To construct the social network we convert the edit flow among contributors into a temporal social
network. In particular, we analyze the response patterns on the talk pages of the editors working on FA.
A link is constructed if one editor of a featured article puts a comment on the talk page of another editor
who has worked on the same FA. A link between two editors means they both have worked on the same
article, and one has written a comment on the talk page of the other. We therefore construct a type of
“friendship network” among the editors. We found that density, betweenness, and degree centrality of
the network significantly negatively correlate with the “time to FA” of an article. This means that the
denser the network, and the more centralized the network, the faster the article reaches the “featured”
status. It therefore seems that the more embedded Wikipedians are in a tight group of friends, the better
the work they do.
Page 392
Abstract
Motivation changes of social networks embeddedness in the context of planned and transition
Russian economy
Irina Borovskaya
Natalia Trifonova
Network Dynamics, Egocentic Networks, Values And Social Networks, Russia, Networking Motivation
This research aims to explore the particularities of social networking in different types of economy. We
hypothesize that in planned economy the maximization of access to public resources and goods forms
one of the ground-laying principles of social networks. Therefore the motivation to get involved into
social networks lies in consumption and accumulation of material assets. The transition to market
economy conditions changes in motivation and induces the transformation of social networks, which are
aimed at personal development.
These assumptions are tested on a random sample of Russian citizens (Saint-Petersburg and Moscow),
aged 50-65 and 30-40, whose network activities were examined through interviews, questionnaires and
observation. The social activity of the first group, and their maximum networks embeddedness was
observed in the period of the 1980s (planned economy), the 1990s (&# 8220;perestroika&#82 21;) and
part of the 2000s ( modern business environment, which aspires to be called “market
economy”). Social networks of the second group of respondents were formed after the planned
economy period.
The results of the survey show the connection between the dynamics of the social and economy
transformation, and are associated with the changes of
- The impact of factors on actors’ centrality;
- Volume of individual and network resources of actors with different job titles;
- Goals of creating and using social ties;
- Influence of the social capital on the possibility of participating in business activities, etc.
Page 393
Abstract
Multiplexity and Predictors of Collaboration in an Inter-organizational Network
Amanda M. Beacom
Lauren B. Frank
Jonathan Nomachi
Lark Galloway-Gilliam
Communication Networks, Inter-organizational Networks, Multiplexity, Collaboration
This study examines the interdependence of multiplex relational networks of collaboration, and their
influence on each other, in a formally-organized interorganizational network working to improve health
care access and quality in the United States. Collaboration was conceptualized as occurring in three
forms: communication, expertise-sharing, and higher-level collaborative efforts involving joint programs,
resource-sharing, and client-referral. Following Lee (2008), implementation ties involving transaction
and exchange types of relations are weaker and easier to form than knowledge-sharing ties involving
social bonding and requiring greater trust (Baldassarri & Diani, 2007; Powell, 1998). This study tested
the relationship between the communication and expertise-sharing networks and the higher-level
collaboration network. The results of the analyses indicated support for the propositions that in
interorganizational networks, collaborative relational networks are interdependent and that one
collaborative relational network may predict another collaborative relational network.
Page 394
Abstract
Music networks
Vladimir Batagelj
Katy Borner
Ulrik Brandes
Seok-Hee Hong
Jeffrey C. Johnson
Lothar Krempel
Viszards (Lecture)
Visualization, Social Networks On The Web, Data Collection, Community Structure, Tagging, Music
Viszards sessions started at Sunbelt XXII with
different analyses and visualizations of the media
coverage of the September 11 terrorist attacks.
At the following Sunbelts we continued with:
XXIII: 'The Summer Joker' network; XXIV: the
players market of the football World Championship
2002; XXV: KEDS (The Kansas Event Data System);
XXVI: IMDB (The Internet Movie Database)
networks; XXVII: Wikipedia; and XXVIII: networks
from Web of Science; and XXIX: Bibsonomy.
With this year's session we are continuing this
tradition. Rather than a series of contributions on
related subjects, this session features a single,
joint presentation by all contributors. Our aim is
to demonstrate the richness and power of network
analysis, in particular when supported by
visualization. We therefore present a
multi-perspective analysis of a single data set,
utilizing a broad range of visualization methods.
This year's viszards will take on music 'social networks'
such as http://www.last.fm/ and other music resources
such as http://musicbrainz.o rg/, http://dbtune.org/ and
http://tagatune.org/ Magnatagatune.html.
Page 395
Abstract
My choice or theirs? Social network effects on occupational changes during the transition to
parenthood.
Francesco Giudici
Eric D. Widmer
Dense Networks, Life Cycle, Occupations, Ego-centered Networks, Parenthood
Everyday social interactions are important resources for men and women facing the transition to
parenthood, as they influence the way in which new parents reorganize their career and intimate
relationships. While most of the time social capital is conceptualized as positive because it provides
support during this transition, some studies, following Bott's insights, focus on the density of networks of
interpersonal relationships as a specific feature of social capital exercising informal social control on
human intentions and action.
Using a longitudinal sample of 214 Swiss couples becoming first-time parents, we consider the impact of
several properties of ego-network on men’s and women’s intentions regarding future work participation
(such as expressed on wave 1, before birth took place) and on real changes (as realized on wave 3, a
year after birth). Size, density and overlaps between partner’s networks, as well as the types of
relationships and the spatial distance among network members are considered. Results show that
density has a strong influence on intentions and actual changes of employment, creating occupational
cumulative “disadvantages” for women with dense networks, and for men with sparse networks.
Page 396
Abstract
NETWORK STRUCTURE IN HIGHLY REGULATED SETTINGS: NETWORK EFFECTS IN CLINICAL
RESEARCH
Federica Brunetta
Dense Networks, Institutional Theory, Structural Holes, Pharmaceutical, Collaboration Network, Clinical
Research
Identifying a single innovator in a context of complexity and multi-disciplinarity is increasingly difficult:
resources and stock of knowledge reside in a complex system of interaction and cooperation among
different actors. Moreover, institutional forces shaping the environment in which the network is
embedded might be a cause of instability of the network itself, leveraging network relations and benefits
(Uzzi, 1997).
According to this logic, we explore different structural aspects of research networks in highly regulated
settings, with the aim of understanding the effect of institutional pressures on network performances.
Legal, regulatory, and environmental constraints tend to influence the behavior of agents (DiMaggio &
Powell, 1983) but contextually norms and rules might offer heterogeneous opportunities depending on
the regulatory framework surrounding the company.
We investigate the pharmaceutical industry – specifically, clinical trials - in which trends of increased
regulation and systemic complexity have emerged over time, analyzing a sample of 252 projects
conducted in over 1480 clinical investigative sites across the globe. We identify differences in
constraints and opportunities offered within institutional frameworks.
We highlight the critical role of network structural characteristics in highly regulated settings,
demonstrating their impact on the R&D performance. Further, we perform an analysis of the
opportunities provided by the institutional framework is performed to understand its effect on the
aforementioned impacts. We confirm that, with different extent, the regulation opportunities do
emphasize the effects of the structural characteristics on the performance of R&D networks.
Page 397
Abstract
Natural Born Networkers: Social Control and Children’s Mobile Phone Use
Mito Akiyoshi
Education, Japan, Communication Technology, Family Ties, Teeneagers
Texting and talking on the mobile phone are the predominant modes of mediated communication used
by children and young users in Japan. A recent survey shows that more than 60% of junior high school
students (12- to 15-year-old children) own a mobile phone. Whether and how children and adolescents
should use a mobile phone is a controversial issue. Young mobile users are often presented as troubles
waiting to happen in the mass media. Some studies suggest that mobile communication is popular
among young users because it allows them to escape social control by parents and teachers. How
accurate is the image of unruly young mobile phone users? Is it true that those who seek to avoid close
control and monitoring are more likely to use the mobile phone to expand their social horizon by meeting
new people more or less at random? Drawing on socio-emotional selectivity theory, the present study
asks how personal dispositions and social skills affect the frequency of mobile phone email. Based on
the existing literature, it hypothesizes that the levels of trust, tolerance, and conversation skill have
positive effects on the frequency of mobile email phone. Survey data collected from 1,317 youth aged 8
- 16 years living in the Kanto region is employed for analysis. It finds that those with higher levels of
general trust in adults and conversation skill are more likely to use mobile phone email frequently.
Page 398
Abstract
Neighborhood Networks and Neighborhood Crime: A Simulation Study
John R. Hipp
Carter T. Butts
Nicholas N. Nagle
Adam Boessen
Ryan Acton
Simulation, Geography, Urban Neighbourhoods, Ecological Network Analysis, Community
Recent research has focused on the possible important role that networks of relations in neighborhoods
can have for neighborhood crime. However, this research frequently only asks residents about their
perceptions of social ties in the neighborhood. Furthermore, it often only asks whether the perceived
density of ties in a neighborhood affect crime rates. We ask whether the structural form of the
neighborhood networks matter. Given that collecting full network data for neighborhoods is prohibitive,
we adopt an approach of simulating networks based on the actual geography of 25 cities, and using a
few simple social interaction functions. We simulate networks based on three tie choice processes: 1)
network ties based only on a distance decay function (based on the Festinger data estimated function);
2) network ties based on physical distance and racial/ethnic difference; 3) network ties based on
physical distance as well as race/ethnicity, income, marital status, and presence of children difference.
For each of these tie choice processes we simulate ten networks to assess the robustness of the
results. We then test whether certain key network structural characteristics are associated with lower
rates of crime in neighborhoods when using actual crime data for the neighborhoods in 25 cities.
Building on the neighborhood networks and crime literature, we measure networks along three
characteristics: 1) a measure of cohesion based on redundant ties; 2) a measure of information flow
based on average path length; and 3) a measure of bridging ties based on the proportion of ties outside
the neighborhood.
Page 399
Abstract
Network Autocorrelation Model using Two-mode Network Data: Affiliation Exposure Model and
Biasness in Autocorrelation Parameter
Kayo Fujimoto
Thomas W. Valente
Two-mode Data, Network Autocorrelation Models, Affiliation Networks
Network Autocorrelation Model (or Network Effects Model) has been a workhorse for modeling theories
of social influence by statistically testing network effects on individual behaviors. Similarly, in Diffusion of
Innovation studies, the Network Exposure Model has been widely employed to measure the extent to
which individuals are exposed to an innovation in the network. In both models, any forms of
theoretically-driven network influence process can be represented by weight matrix W (i.e., N x N weight
matrix with its element wij representing the extent to which actor j influence actor i), which measures the
strength of social relation among all pairs of actors in a network. Although the model enables us to
specify a different weight matrix W to reflect different forms of network influence, until now the standard
way of conceptualizing social influence has been limited to be relational, i.e, specifying W matrix based
on one-mode network data, ignoring affiliation in general. Additionally, a simulation study conducted by
Mizruchi and Neuman (2008) has shown that the ML estimate of the autocorrelation parameter ρ
tends to be negatively biased, especially with higher density levels.
The current study is composed of two parts. The first component is to introduce “Affiliation Exposure
Model” by extending one-mode network data to two-mode affiliation data in the analysis of network
autocorrelation. In the “Affiliation Exposure Model,” the weight matrix W is specified by a converted
affiliation matrix (off-diagonal values of co-membership matrix) and diagonal values of the converted
matrix (i.e., the number of events participated by each actor) are used as one of the covariates in the
Network Effects Model. The second component of this study is to conduct simulations to examine the
statistical properties and biases in the ML estimates. These calculations are conducted on both the
network parameter ρ as well as covariate parameter (betas) of the effects of the number of events
participated by each actor. Two-mode actor by events random bipartite graphs were generated based
on the assumption of Poisson outdegree distribution with different parameter values, λ, (i.e.,
conditioning on the expected number of events participated) for varying numbers of events. The results
showed that the ML autocorrelation parameter ρ tends to be negatively biased with a higher
expected mean number of events participated (i.e., higher values of λ), and this negative bias
becomes increasingly pronounced as population autocorrelation parameters ρ increases. This
implies that (two-mode) affiliation version of the network autocorrelation model has similar statistical
properties to the one-mode version, and that particular attention needs to be paid to the conditions of
higher expected number of events participated(λ) and higher values of population autocorrelation
parameter(ρ).
Page 400
Abstract
Network Centrality and PTSD
Justin Turner
Michael Matthews
Joe Geraci
Ian Mcculloh
Centrality, Resilience, Post Traumatic Stress Disorde
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can be a crippling condition affecting every aspect of a person’s life. The
scientific world looks to find a psychological means of determining who is more susceptible to PTSD.
This research looks to use social network analysis to correlate various centrality measures with
established scales for determining who is less resilient, at higher risk for depression and/or higher risk
for PTSD. Researchers gave a survey established to determine a person’s resilience depression and
PTSD, to a brigade of United States soldiers (about 1000). Subjects were also asked to identify three of
their closest friends, as well as three people they respected in the Brigade. Analysis of one company
worth of the data collected (about 120) was processed in a networking program. It was determined that
there is a significant positive correlation between Eigenvector Centrality and PTSD, as well as a
significant negative correlation between Eigenvector Centrality and resilience. The next step in the
research is to conduct more analysis on the rest of the brigade to quantify the initial findings. From there
researchers will attempt to determine whether a close network of friends makes one more or less
susceptible to PTSD.
Page 401
Abstract
Network Characteristics and Major Depressive Disorder in Rural Appalachian Drug Users
Jennifer R. Havens
Adam Jonas
Carrie B. Oser
Degree Centrality, Social Network, Sex Networks, Drug Use
Objective: Psychiatric disorders are common among illicit drug users. However, little is known about the
contribution of network membership and the risk of current major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore,
the purpose of this analysis was to compare network characteristics among those meeting the DSM-IV
criteria for current MDD to those who do not among a cohort of illicit prescription opioid users in rural
Appalachian Kentucky. Methods: Study participants included 308 rural prescription opioid users. Using a
network inventory, participants were asked to name those who encompassed their support, drug and
sex networks during the 6 months prior to the baseline interview. Network linkages were verified before
inclusion in their respective network matrices. Current MDD was assessed using the MINI, version 5 and
was modeled using logistic regression. Results: The cohort consisted of 308 individuals, the majority of
whom were male (60%), white (93.1%) and had at least 12 years of education (58.4%). The median age
was 31 years and the prevalence of current MDD 26%. Greater indegree centrality in the sex network
was independently associated with MDD, adjusting for age, race, gender and clustering of individuals
within sex network components (adjusted odds ratio: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.22). Conclusions: This study
is amongst the first to examine the contribution of network membership to current MDD. Interestingly,
sex network membership characteristics were more predictive of current MDD than was support or drug
network membership. Additional research into the potential causal mechanisms surrounding these
findings are warranted.
Page 402
Abstract
Network Dynamics of the Santa Fe Institute
Magda Fontana
Maksim Tsvetovat
Academic and Scientific Networks IV (Lecture)
Network Analysis, Academic Networks, Evolution, Paradigms, Co-authorship Network, Complexity
In 1983, George Cowan assembled a group of senior scientists who were interested in creating an
environment for “blue-sky” research on broad themes in science that crossed many disciplinary
boundaries. One year later, these scientists formed the Santa Fe Institute. They envisaged a
transdisciplinary science, with no insular conception and the possibility of joining the hard sciences with
the soft ones with an attempt to bringing the rigor of the former into the latter. Their endeavor resulted in
the Complexity Approach that has raised a increasing interest and a lot of debates in various disciplines.
This paper investigates whether the Institute’s aim has been accomplished by analyzing a database of
the SFI working papers from its foundation to the present. Using longitudinal network data on
coauthorship, publication venues, and keyword analysis of the papers, we attempt to develop and test
metrics for determining when and how new scientific fields emerge. These metrics include centrality
dynamics, cluster dynamics and evolution of network and cluster density. By correlating the temporal
data with history of the Santa Fe Institute, we trace emergence and spread of internal conflicts and
divisions inside the organization, and their reflection on the scientific results.
Page 403
Abstract
Network Evaluation of Attitudes towards Gays in the Military in Preparation for the Repeal of
Don’t Ask Don’t Tell
Katherine A. Miller
Kate Coronges
Diffusion, Social Influence, Military, Sexual Orientation
The “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy prohibits homosexuals from disclosing their sexual orientation
while serving in the United States military. Since the policy was first implemented in1993, 13,500
soldiers have been legally removed from the military based solely on their sexual orientation. The policy
was initially well received by the American public but since the U.S. initiated the war on terror in 2001
public support for the policy has declined. The Washington Post-ABC News Poll found that 75% of
Americans believe that gays and lesbians should be allowed to serve openly in the military. The
dramatic change in public opinion regarding homosexuals in the military and the continued discharge of
qualified service members has led to a serious reevaluation of the policy. With the introduction of the
Military Readiness Enhancement Act, DADT is likely to be replaced by a policy of non-discrimination on
the basis of sexual orientation within the decade.
Laying the groundwork for a DADT repeal will require a significant cultural and political shift, particularly
among the senior leadership who will be responsible for committing their subordinates to implement
these changes. The United States Military Academy at West Point will function as a model for the Army
in terms of how it transitions into supporting an openly gay population. Therefore, it is essential to
identify existing change agents and effective channels of communication at West Point in order to
understand how best to adopt social toleration as a community when DADT is repealed.
In this study, the spread of attitudes and knowledge around homosexuality and DADT is measured
within formal relationships (between commanders and their subordinates, and between similarly ranking
cadets) and in informal relationships (among friendship, leadership and trust networks). Knowledge
attitudes and network data are collected from one cadet company (approximately 120 individuals) at
three points throughout one academic semester. The pattern of either homophobia or homosexual
acceptance between certain individuals will offer valuable insight regarding the nature of the diffusion
and the methods in which the military should go about enforcing a non-discrimination policy. For
example, if rank and friendship networks are more effective in creating attitude shifts than
commander/subordinat e relations, small group settings and personal mentorships would be
emphasized over a large scale briefing. In addition, if strong anti-homosexual opinions are more
prominent among those in a specific branch, the infantry for example, more manpower should be
allotted to diffusing the social innovation within that realm of the military. Findings will be compiled into a
recommendation report for DADT repeal readiness.
Page 404
Abstract
Network Formation with Limited Foresight
Dominik Morbitzer
Vincent Buskens
Simulation, Game Theory, Dynamic Networks
In recent years, much literature has emerged on network dynamics, where actors can strategically
choose with whom they interact. To analyze which network structures form, specific game theoretical
tools have been developed (see Jackson, 2008). The models make different assumptions about network
formation decisions of actors. In most models, it is assumed that actors make these decisions
myopically implying that they neglect subsequent decisions of other actors. Experimental research
shows that myopic network formation models sometimes fail to predict empirically observed outcomes
and it is argued that this might be due to (limited) farsightedness of actors (Berninghaus et al., 2008;
Corten, 2009; Pantz, 2006). In addition, we know from other experiments specifically on iterated
reasoning that actors tend to look ahead a bit, but mostly not more than one or two steps (see Camerer,
2003). Much less is known about strategic thinking in more complex social interactions like networks.
The extent to which farsighted actors make their network decisions is crucial for the structure of the
network. In this paper we investigate the emergence of stable network structures under the assumption
of limited forward-looking actors in strategic network formation processes. We develop a theoretical
model where actors look one step ahead by anticipating myopic changes from other actors. Computer
simulations are used to predict the stable network structures that are likely to emerge under different
initial conditions, and under different types of incentives for network formation.
Page 405
Abstract
Network Generation Mechanisms and the Twitter Online Network
Derek Ruths
Ramnath Vaidyanathan
Centrality, Network Data, Twitter, Network Structure, Network Models
A critical step in understanding social networks is to comprehend the various underlying and hidden
mechanisms that generate the network. In this paper, we study network generating mechanisms using
the Twitter online network. This system is distinguished by (a) its richness as a source of comprehensive
and unbiased data and (b) its simplicity and transparency as a system. These features lend the Twitter
network to comprehensive analytical and empirical study.
The key mechanisms explored in current literature on network generation are three: (a) Preferential
Attachment, (b) Random Attachment and (c) Network-based Attachment. Most papers only consider a
combination of two of these mechanisms. In this work, we formalize a model that incorporates all three
mechanisms and study its properties analytically and through simulation. We show by application of this
model to the Twitter online network that all three mechanisms play an important part in creating the
observed network structure.
As a part of our analysis, we define a new network measure based on the clustering coefficient that
captures the effect of local attachment. In addition, we extend our model to include Twitter-specific
features like reciprocal following and the implications of information flow in a directed social network. We
observe that these extensions account for aspects of Twitter network structure which are not produced
by the standard three mechanisms of network generation.
Page 406
Abstract
Network Influence on Civic Attitudes: A Cross-Country Analysis
Cerem I. Cenker
Politics, Civic Attitudes, Political Efficacy, Generalized Trust, Network Structure
Largely due to research interest on social capital, political science recently accounts for social networks
more rigorously. Social networks are found particularly relevant for civic and political participation.
Accordingly networks are related to generalized trust and civic activism as well as tolerance. Also
network exposure to different political views is shown to delay vote decision time and increase individual
ambivalence. In general this strand of research relies on political discussion name generator which
elicits individuals’ core discussion networks. This method is in line with research objective which focuses
more on the network information content rather than on the network structure. Yet network structure is
also likely to be influential on both civic and political participation. By using International Social Survey
Program (ISSP) dataset of 2001 on social networks, present study inquires the relationship between
network structure and the civic attitudes of generalized trust and political efficacy. ISSP contains
detailed network information on individuals’ both strong, familial ties and weak, instrumental ties. This
information allows for control of the influence of different network structures on civic attitudes. Also
ISSP’s social network study is a cross-country research. Hence the analysis allows for further control of
country level political contextual factors
Page 407
Abstract
Network Model-Assisted Prevalence Estimation from Respondent-Driven Sampling Data
Krista J. Gile
Mark S. Handcock
Respondent-Driven Sampling is a widely used variant of link-tracing sampling on a network, designed to
allow for estimation in hard-to-reach human populations. It is commonly used to estimate the prevalence
of diseases such as HIV in high-risk populations such as injecting drug users. Beginning with a
researcher-selected convenience sample, each person sampled is given a small number of uniquely
identified coupons to distribute to other members of the target population, making them eligible for
enrolment in the study. This strategy is highly effective at collecting large diverse samples from many
hard-to-reach populations.
Current estimation relies on sampling weights estimated by treating the sampling process as a random
walk on the underlying network of social relations. These estimates are based on strong assumptions
allowing the data to be treated as a probability sample. In particular, existing estimators assume a
with-replacement sample or small sample fraction, and ignore some biases introduced by the sampling
procedure, including the initial convenience sample. We introduce a new estimator based on fitting a
parametric social network model to the observed data, and demonstrate its ability to correct for biases
introduced by the selection of seeds.
Page 408
Abstract
Network Models of Brand Relationships: brand power, a brand portfolio and an extension to
tripartite networks
Jun Kanamitsu
Market Research, Three-mode Model, Brand Power
A network model of brand power is proposed on the basis of consumer-brand bipartite networks, and
applied to a data set on fashion brands. The “Particle Model of Brands” proposed by Lederer and Hill
(HBR, 2001) is remodeled to a brand portfolio model from a network perspective. An extension model to
consumer-medium-bran d tripartite networks is also proposed and examined on a semi-three mode data
set.
Page 409
Abstract
Network Plasticity and the Philosophy of Hegel
Network Plasticity, Philosophy, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Plasticity is one of the most salient features that dynamic networks exhibit. Typically in social networks
theory and analysis, plasticity signifies the inter-dependence between network ties and actors’ attributes.
In particular, in processes of social selection and homophily models, attributes are considered as
predictors of ties (cf., McPherson, Smith-Lovin & Cook [2001], Robins et al. [2001a]), while in influence
models, ties are taken as predictors of attributes (cf., Robins et al. [2001b]; relevant statistical
approaches for both cases are discussed by Robins et al. [2007], Steglich, Snijders & Pearson [2009]).
Moreover, simulations of network plasticity are often studied in a variety of settings. For instance,
network plasticity has been manifested in Axelrod’s (1997) ‘adaptive culture model’ for the dissemination
of culture through social interaction, which proceeds by local convergence and results in the emergence
of global polarization (cf., Boudourides [2003]). A parallel computational elaboration, based on Axelrod’s
(1984) theory of the evolution of cooperation, develops a game theoretic exploration of the co-evolution
of dynamical states and interactions in dynamic networks (cf., Zimmermann et al. [2004]). All these
theories find numerous applications in organizational and innovation studies (cf., Lazer [2001], J.D.
Davis [2008]). Another noticeable area of such applications is in neurophysiology and cognitive science,
in which the brain is considered as a complex network exhibiting various effects of plasticity (cf., for
neuro-computational plasticity, Churchland [1979], [1989], for Churchland’s eliminative materialism,
Brassier [2001], and, for complexity studies of brain plasticity, de Archangelis et al. [2006], Reijneveld et
al. [2007]).
In this paper, we are going to discuss the philosophical premises of network plasticity by following along
Catherine Malabou’s emphasis on the re-centering of the neurosciences on neural plasticity (Malabou,
2008 [French original: 2004]) and her re-assessment of the grandiose philosophical system of the 18th
(to beginning of 19th) century great German idealist philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
(Malabou, 2005 [French original: 1996]). At first, we need to recall that the essence of Hegel’s
philosophical method relies upon his distinction between ‘predicative propositions,’ in which predicates
are externally attached to a fixed subject, and ‘speculative propositions,’ in which predicates are
gradually unfolded from the concept of the sentence’s subject. This speculative relation between subject
and predicates is what Hegel implicitly characterizes as ‘plastic,’ through which “[t]he process of
self-determination is the unfolding of the substance-subject” (2005, p. 11). In this context, Malabou
contends that the concept of plasticity is simultaneously twofold: “it means at once the capacity to
receive form (clay is called ‘plastic,’ for example) and the capacity to give form (as in the plastic arts or
in plastic surgery)” (2008, p. 5).
Furthermore, Hegel deals with plasticity in relational terms, as this can be seen clearly in the section
“The Absolute Relation” (Das absolute Verhältnis) in his Science of Logic (SL) (1989). Morfino (2006)
has argued that the category of substance should be conceived as a relation or a “relational unity in
process” (c.f., Biard et al., 1983, p. 346). Nevertheless, what the relational interpretation (Emirbayer &
Goodwin, 1994) of a social network as an action-based trans-individual structure suggests is that the
substance-subject plasticity is transverse to two other plasticities: a direct/actual trans-subjective
plasticity and an indirect/latent trans-substantive plasticity. In fact, this modernist sociological
perspective (in the way it has been framed by Ronald Breiger’s [1974] restoration of the Simmelian
theme of duality) is implicitly present in Hegel’s conceptualization of substance as something which
embraces accidentality (or “actuosity” [Aktuosität]) within itself (SL, p. 556). According to Hegel,
“[S]ubstance manifests itself through actuality with its content into which it translates the possible, as
Page 410
Abstract
creative power, and through the possibility to which it reduces the actual, as destructive power” (ibid.).
Apparently, this is the Hegelian speculative way to formulate what in the modernist terminology is
encapsulated by the notion of the dual processes of network selection and influence. Thus, although, for
Hegel, substance is absolute power (absolute Macht), accidents have no power over one another, only
through the intermediating action of substance. Therefore, substance as “power” is precisely what
mediates between substance as the pure identity of the being and substance as the totality of accidents:
“[T]his middle term is thus the unity of substantiality and accidentality themselves, and its extremes have
no subsistence of their own. Substantiality is, therefore, merely the relation as immediately vanishing”
(SL, p. 557).
Along with the above lines of speculative argumentation, we intend to discuss a number of different
issues from Hegel’s philosophy – such as habit and ‘organic life,’ human specificity as plastic
individuality, divine plasticity and ‘subjective freedom,’ time and temporality, etc. – all from the angle of a
philosophical endorsement of the relational network paradigm.
Page 411
Abstract
Network Science Approach to Network Structure & Transparency in Frontier Markets
Dan Evans
Joshua Lospinoso
John Graham
Statistical Methods, Economic Networks, Markets, Topology, Interorganizational Networks, Network
Structure
We seek to advance basic research in human network structure of social, communication, and cognitive
branches of Network Science in the context of Frontier Markets. Frontier Markets are the equity markets
of developing nations typically in Southern and Southwest Asia, Africa, South America and Eastern
Europe with the minimal requirements for global investment. The US military consistently finds itself
engaged in these regions due to high instability induced by a lack of transparent global investment
processes. Science is currently unavailable for estimating the viability of Frontier Markets and the
processes for advancing underdeveloped markets to Frontier Market status. Given the complexity of
market structure, Network Science offers the best research approach. The major Network Science
research questions we seek to address are: (1) What metrics of network structure best describe a
multidimensional, weighted relationship graph of Frontier Market actors? (2) What is the relationship
between Frontier Market Network Structure and Nation-State stability? (3) Can a
Social Network model provide a descriptive model of Frontier Market success/failure? Our research
team’s combined social, financial, economic, political, military and corporate experience will conduct the
first-ever effort for building comparative models of Frontier Markets. In addition, our access to the
political, social, and corporate context will support verification of models against measurable data sets.
The Frontier Market context provides a level of least complexity for the interacting social, cognitive,
communication, and information networks which make up Global Equity Markets and will serve as a
foundation for future Network Science studies of Emerging and Developed Markets. Frontier Markets
provide economic data sets, human motivations, informal and formal organizations, and relationship
data not openly available in other contexts.
Page 412
Abstract
Network Science meets Web Science
Noshir Contractor
Rob Ackland
Sinan Aral
Lazer David
Macy Michael
Shadbolt Nigel
Network Science meets Web Science (Lecture)
Web science is the interdisciplinary study of web phenomena at web scale that focuses on integrating
views from the analytic, engineering and social perspectives. In the past decade, the web has been the
object of investigation among many social networks researchers. This panel brings together
distinguished proponents and practitioners of Web Science and Network science to explore the areas of
common causes and complementarities in these endeavors. The panel will begin with a brief 10 minute
overview of web science followed by a round table discussion (with questions from panel members and
the audience) describing the challenges and opportunities of investigating the web from a social network
perspective.
Page 413
Abstract
Network Segregation, Homophily, or Social Closure? Explaining Race/Gender Inequality in Job
Leads and Job Finding Assistance
Steve Mcdonald
Race, Homophily, Labor Markets, Gender, Job Search, Segregation
To understand broader patterns of race and gender stratification, it is necessary to explore the network
mechanisms that facilitate differential access to opportunities. With this in mind, how does the racialized
and gendered character of social networks affect access to embedded social resources (social capital)?
Three potential mechanisms by which job information and job finding assistance flow through racialized
and gendered networks are examined: 1) Network segregation – information and influence are clustered
in the networks of white males, 2) Homophilous networks – information and influence flow through same
race/gender networks and relationships, and 3) Closed networks – the impact of network segregation
and homophily effects are greatest for white men. These processes are explored with nationally
representative data from the 2005 Social Capital-USA survey. The results from multiple regression
analyses suggest that all three processes are at work. First, people embedded in white male networks
receive significantly more job leads than people in minority and female dominated networks. Second,
homophilous job contacts provide more job finding assistance than heterophilous job contacts. Third,
white males tend to benefit more from white male networks/contacts than racial minorities and women,
just as white males also tend to benefit more from same race networks/contacts than do minorities and
women. In implicating all three processes, these findings highlight the myriad ways in which differences
in network structures reinforce race and gender inequality in the labor market.
Page 414
Abstract
Network Trajectories in Space and Time
Florian Windhager
Lukas Zenk
Visualization (Lecture)
Visualization, Dynamic Network Analysis, Network Structure, Visual Analytics
The visualization method of “Time Geography” was introduced to synchronously map dynamics of
various entities within given structures over time [Hägerstrand 1970]. This approach builds on a ground
layer, which allows for two-dimensional mapping, whereas the third dimension represents the timeline
and opens up space-time for further layers in terms of snapshots over time. In turn the resulting
interspaces allow for tracking the dynamics of mapped entities by trajectories.
This approach can be transferred from its original geographic domain into other information spaces or
research fields, where mapping techniques are on hand. Tools such as GeoTime [Kapler et al. 2008],
DySoN [Groh & Hanstein 2009] or GEOMI [Fu et al. 2007] already provide features to generate network
trajectories in social space-time, but a systematic exploration of the methods advantages for visual
analysis of dynamic networks is still missing.
The presentation visually and conceptually takes on the question which potentials are opened up by the
interspaces of social space-time cubes and which basic trajectory patterns can be identified. Options of
various graph layouts will be discussed as well as boundaries and combinations with alternative
dynamic visualization methods.
Page 415
Abstract
Network analysis of Twitter-based ecological debates and communities
Jason Brownlee
Simon Martin
Djamel Hassaine
Malcolm Young
Network Analysis, Twitter Networks, Ecological Network Analysis
We undertook a project to map the 'eco-sphere' within Twitter and identify its most influential members.
First, we audited all Twitter hash tags related to ecological concepts. We subjectively chose a seed list
of eco-related hash tags, from which we grew a network of 5,212 tags based on the co-occurrence of
tags used in individual tweets.
We then analysed this network to determine the topology of the conceptual eco-sphere on Twitter. This
analysis determined what themes were central or peripheral to the ongoing eco-debate, and how
individual themes linked together or related to each other.
We then captured the ids of all Tweeters that used any hash tag pertaining to an ecological theme. We
also identified any other Twitter ids that co-occurred with eco-related hash tags (e.g. RTs and
@mentions etc.). This yielded a network of approx 11,000 tweeters engaged with eco debates on
Twitter.
We then analysed specific Tweeters within this network to determine those that exhibited unusual levels
of network significance. This process yielded 3,115 individuals (28%) who occupied significant locations
in the network’s topology.
We integrated our network analysis with information about each Twitter id’s ‘followers’, ‘following’ and
tweet-frequency information, and derived measures for each id based upon network significance and
personal eco-engagement.
Our third objective derived proxies from our network analysis data for concepts such as weak ties, social
and cultural capital. We mathematically blended quantitative network analysis metrics to map onto the
target qualitative concepts. We then prioritised our list of Eco-Twitter ids according to their 'weak' or
'strong' social tie potential or their fund of social and cultural capital.
Page 416
Abstract
Network analysis of co-operation between research institutions. Example of ESPON Programme.
Adam Ploszaj
Katarzyna Wojnar
Scientific Networks, Academic Networks, Inter-organizational Networks, International Networks,
Cooperation, Research Networks
The aim of the paper is to characterise ESPON Programme (European Observation Network for
Territorial Observation and Cohesion) as a network-based international research programme and the
evaluation of capacity of network analysis in studying scientific cooperation. Results of the study show
that institutions involved in ESPON projects create a dense, closely interconnected network of
co-operation. The network is dominated by a limited number of institutions, which are involved in large
share of the projects and have the most expanded cooperation network. Spatial analysis proves, that
there is significant lack of institutions from Central-Eastern Europe in the Programme. Network analysis
allowed to identify the most efficient methods for improving the presence of institutions representing new
member states in the ESPON co-operation network.
Page 417
Abstract
Network as auto-biography: Community detection on personal networks from Facebook
Bernie Hogan
Online Data Collection (Lecture)
Ego-centered Networks, Social Media, Community Detection
Traditional interfaces to social network sites (such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace) offer users few
cues about the underlying network structure. Diverse weak ties such as neighbours, parents,
workmates, family, high school chums, church mates and sports teams are represented in
one-dimensional lists of ‘friends’. Nevertheless, the underlying structure illustrates how
history and homophily collude to cluster ties.
Drawing upon the work in biases of self-reported networks beginning with papers by Bernard, Kilworth
and Sailer, this work explores clusters found in ego-centered networks on Facebook.
Data for the paper is drawn from a study of Facebook users aged 18-65 in central England. Facebook
networks are downloaded, processed, analyzed and visualized during the interview using novel
software. During the interview, networks are classified using the leading eigenvector community
detection algorithm (Newman 2006) and discussed with the respondents. Respondents also complete a
short questionnaire about Internet usage and known social psychological correlates to network
structure.
We argue that self-reported assessments of social groups are highly comparable with Facebook
ego-networks even if local structural details are biased in the expected directions. We discuss individual
level differences that can account for the discrepancies. Post-interview analyses also suggest how
different algorithm for best fit and indicate new network-oriented directions for social media interfaces.
Page 418
Abstract
Network centrality and similarity of discourse: a sociosemantic approach to leadership
Saint-Charles Johanne
Mongeau Pierre
Perrault Marie-Claude
Group Communication, Leadership, Semantic Networks
Among the studies of leadership as a communication phenomenon, two main approaches have been
used: one considering mostly the structure of relationships between leader and group members (social
networks), the other considering primarily the content of exchanges between the leader and group
members (semantic networks). However, social networks and semantic networks do not exist in parallel
of one another, rather they are coconstructed. In the study presented here, we hypothesised that there
exists a relationship between social and semantic networks. Data consisted of recordings of 40 group
meetings (over a 10 week period) and of weekly sociometric questionnaires. Results show a significant
correlation between an actor’s centrality and the similarity of his or her discourse with that of other
members of the group. In light of our results, we explore new directions in research both theoretically
and from a methodological viewpoint.
Page 419
Abstract
Network characteristics of a social support organization for gay men in Southern California
Ian W. Holloway
Social Support, Network Analysis, Lgbt
Social support remains a key factor in the health and well-being of gay men, especially those with HIV
disease. The present study aims to understand the network structure of one section of a social support
organization for gay men in Southern California. Self-administered online surveys were used to gather
node and attribute data. Descriptive, centrality, subgroup, positional and QAP analyses were conducted.
Eighty-seven percent of eligible respondents participated in the survey (n = 39). Mean age of
respondents was 44.8 years and average organizational tenure was 9.23 years. Both social and
conversation networks were dense (26.6% and 12.7% respectively) and highly centralized (51.9% and
49.7%). Two nodes were consistently ranked in the most central positions for degree, closeness and
betweenness in both networks. Age, organizational tenure, and level of involvement were all statistically
significantly associated with both social and conversation networks (p < 0.05). Examination of network
structures by attribute demonstrated that those members who were older, had been in the organization
longer, and had high levels of involvement were more likely to hold central, well-connected positions in
both networks. The present study offers recommendations for increasing network connectivity between
members to offer greater support to disconnected members.
Page 420
Abstract
Network evolution: An actor based replicator dynamic model.
James Greenwood-Lee
Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
Mathematical Models (Poster)
Network Dynamics, Game Theory, Adaption And Networks, Actor-based Models, Replicator Dynamic
A general model of network evolution is presented. The model is developed through the derivation of
two coupled dynamics: a social capital dynamic and an actor based replicator dynamic. The social
capital dynamic describes the production, movement and use of social resources throughout the
network. The replicator dynamic describes how actors and their relationships change with time,
assuming that information about the network can be ascertained and shared among actors. Under the
replicator dynamic, evolutionary change is partitioned into three components: change resulting from flow
within the network, change resulting from adaptation, and change resulting from information
transmission errors. Equilibrium dynamics are studied, with a focus on adaptation, and its effects on
resource flow. The analysis of the adaptive process reveals that actors are often faced with two types of
trade-offs: investment trade-offs and trade-offs resulting due to social cohesion/conflict. Here, we
present a fundamental result describing how these trade-offs are balanced at equilibrium. Finally, a
simple example is presented to both illustrate the use of the modeling framework and the importance of
the equilibrium result.
Page 421
Abstract
Network structures and value shifts in China: How who you know influences how you define a
moral person
Christine B. Avenarius
Jeffrey C. Johnson
Mixed Methods, Value Creation Process, Cognitive Social Structures, Network Composition, China,
Change
One of the major theoretical contributions of social network analysis is its ability to demonstrate the
interrelatedness of a range of cultural practices. The theory of social embeddedness has assisted social
scientists to overcome the limitations of rational choice theory in explaining decision making processes
and adaptation to social change. The exploration of network characteristics allows an understanding of
how, for example, informal norms, including trust, are reinforced and how information travels and
influences decisions. However, the theory of social embeddedness does not explain which cultural
values motivate actors to interact, trust a certain person or make decisions to adopt new practices.
Hence, a combination of data on social network characteristics and social cognition is needed to
understand why some people embrace new cultural practices or change their attitudes. In this paper we
discuss the implications of changing ideas about morality and the characteristics of a moral and
trustworthy person for both rural and urban China. The research design called for the collection of
network data based on both name generators and position generators and the collection of beliefs about
morality with the tools of cultural consensus analysis. Our findings reveal how instiutional changes in
China and increasing participation in the global economy have influenced the composition of personal
networks (i.e. relationships to people outside their primary groups) and resulted in cultural models of
morality that differ among rural and urban citizens.
Page 422
Abstract
Network transparency and the performance of business networks: Experimental evidence
Sarita Koendjbiharie
Network Performance, Interfirm Networks, Interorganizational Networks, Network Transparency
Rising competition and the availability and lower costs of ICT are among the trends that have led firms
in various industries to increasingly focus on their core competences and outsource other functions to
their network partners. Different disciplines have observed that the network has become the locus of
competition for many firms. As businesses become increasingly interconnected the performance of the
network as a whole gains in importance, rather than only the performance of a single firm in the network.
This rise of business networks raises questions of how to capture network performance and what may
influence it.
While the first advances have been made in studying network performance and its antecedents, an
information-based view of network structure and potential partners has not yet been adopted. On
firm-level, Van Liere, Koppius and Vervest (2008) have shown how businesses maintain or strengthen a
particular network position and performance by introducing the concept of network horizon i.e. “the
number of firms and their relationships that the focal firm knows to exist in an interfirm network.”
Interfirm differences between network horizons aggregate into a network-level information property
which is here termed as network transparency. This work develops two specific business network
performance metrics, namely network effectiveness and efficiency and explores their relation with
network transparency. For this a network experiment environment was utilized that has been calibrated
with insurance industry data. While controlling for network structural variables among others, this study
finds and discusses how a higher network transparency increases the effectiveness but not the
efficiency of business networks.
Page 423
Abstract
Networking of words of the mission: explorring mission management in Japanese NPO
Noguchi Hiroki
NPO is a characteristic organization. Tao (1999) indicates 3 different points between Non profit
organization and For-profit organization; (1) the importance of mission, (2) organizational structures
(3)impact from the environment. The purpose of NPO is to solve a specific social problem. Therefore, it
is so important for NPO to declare its mission.
This research focuses on the mission of NPO. Mission is as a center of NPO management. Basically,
mission influences its organizational culture and strategy. So to investigate its contents of mission
provides rich insights.
This research uses text mining and network analysis. First, mission statements are corrected from 1036
Japanese NPOs, and the word used frequently has been extracted. Second, network of the word used
frequently at the same time is examined per Japanese NPOs.
The result showed that the word “project (909 times)”,“local region (883 times)”, and “handicap (453
times) ” were used the most frequently from the point of noun.
The words used only once expressed the purpose of NPOadequately. (ex, dystrophia etc).
In term of Network, disbanded Japanese NPOs had high density. In other words, disbanded NPO
tended to use the more frequent occurrence word. And also, correlation between NPO and its
performance was tested. But correlation was not significant.
Page 424
Abstract
Networks As Pipes And Wellsprings: Exploring The Link Between Firm And Networks In The
Inventive Process
Elisa Operti
Gianluca Carnabuci
Knowledge and Learning Networks (Lecture)
Knowledge Networks, Citation Networks, Inter-organizational Networks, Structural Holes, Innovation
This paper integrates two well-established, yet unrelated views on the inventive process. On the one
hand, research argued that firms’ ability to generate new technological inventions is related to firms’
network position. According to this view, inter-organizational networks act as “pipes” that funnel learning
opportunities to different network positions and, hence, to different firms (e.g., Burt, 1992; Powell et.al,
1996). On the other hand, firms’ inventive performance depends on two mechanisms that are strictly
inherent to the level of the firm: technological knowledge can diffuse from a firm to another only if the
former generates new technological knowledge and if the latter is able to absorb the knowledge that
circulates in its network (Cohen & Levinthal, 1990, Zahra & George, 2002). We integrate these views to
generate a set of novel hypotheses. We expect a firm’s inventive performance to be boosted when firms
in its inter-organizational network generate knowledge at a fast pace (H1). Additionally, the more a firm
brokers structural holes in the inter-organizational knowledge network, the higher the firm’s inventive
performance (H2). Finally, we argue that brokering firms will be able to rip the variety benefits inherent in
their network only if the firms therein generate knowledge at a relatively low pace. Conversely, firms
should be able to absorb even fast technological developments made by their contacts when the latter
are densely connected to one another (H3). Based on the analysis of the inter-organizational knowledge
networks and of the inventive performance of a sample of 132 firms in the global semiconductor industry
between 1976 and 2002, our hypotheses are corroborated.
Page 425
Abstract
Networks Building a Lay Buddhist Community
Liliana A. Moliner
José a. R. Díaz
Anna R. Aribau
Community (Lecture)
Religion, Collaboration, Collective Action, Community Networks
Our recent research on the Sakya Tashi Ling Buddhist Monastery has shown the emergence of a strong
and active lay community. In this paper we focus on existing relations among this lay Sangha, that are
the networks that build the community. In order to understand how this community is created, Social
Networks Analysis will be used. We will pay attention to relationships stablished among members of the
lay community: of communication, colaboration and collective action, as well as trust relations. We will
also examine the existing relations between lay community and monks and finally we will analyze to
what extent the lay community is also a mechanism of extension of the Monastery towards society,
through a complex relational system with the environment of the Monastery.
Page 426
Abstract
Networks and ethnicity: comparison of the network characteristics of Hungarians and the Roma
population
Fruzsina Albert
Beata David
Egocentic Networks, Kinship Networks, Friendship Ties, Rural Communities, Ethnic Relations
The Roma population is the largest ethnic minority living in Hungary, comprising approximately 7 % of
the Hungarian population. The majority of the Romas live in very deprived conditions regarding their
housing, living environment, education, labor market position etc. However, as compared to non-Roma
Hungarians with similar social status, their network characteristics differ and show more favorable
position regarding both strong and weak ties.
The data to be presented is based on a representative national survey of 1000 Hungarians and on a
Roma survey (N=800) where – for the first time - a snowball sample design was used. Complementing
the two surveys of 2004 we also present quantitative network data from a research carried out in 2009
among socially excluded families with small children. The analysis focuses on different kinds of kin and
non-kin relations, including both strong and weak ties of the personal networks.
Besides pointing out the differences quite striking in themselves, we will present a relationship-based
typology. Four distinct clusters were constructed combining various variables measuring egocentric
networks: the socially isolated, non-kin focused, strongly kin-focused and the sociable. There are
significant differences in the distribution of the clusters when for example ethnicity, gender and feeling of
loneliness are compared.
Page 427
Abstract
Networks of migrant organizations and protest activities in 5 European cities
Katia Pilati
Nina Eggert
Organizations, Collective Action, Immigration
The proposed paper focuses on migrant organizational engagement in protest activities in 5 European
cities . We look at the role of relationships of migrant organizations with migrant and autochthonous
organizations, at resources migrant organizations are endowed with and the role of the context of
mobilization and how such factors shape protest activities by migrant organizations. As such, we will
draw on the literature on collective action and test three theories: first, considering the resource
mobilization theory, we test that resources organizations are endowed with provide a basis for political
action to emerge. Second, by drawing on network theories of collective action we test the role of
network resources on collective actions pursued by organizations. We expect that both a high number of
links that migrant organizations have with other migrant organizations and a central structural position of
organizations within the organizational network, will increase the probability that organizations will be
engaged in protest activities. Third, by considering the POS approach, more specifically the specific
opportunities for immigrant mobilization, we consider how the political opportunity structures of the five
cities shape immigrant organizations’ political activities.
Our empirical case focuses on protest activities by migrant organizations operating in Budapest, Lyon,
Madrid, Milan, and Zurich. While our findings do not provide a basis to confirm RMT, they show that
immigrant organizations have higher probabilities to engage in protest activities in the most open
political context and derive their resources from the links with other migrant organizations although the
latter ones are especially significant in the most open political contexts.
Page 428
Abstract
Networks, Information Consumption and Problem Solving in a Web-Based Community
Alexandra Marin
Degree Centrality, Culture, Problem Solving, Internet/www
This paper uses data from the web-based community Metafilter.com to uncover links between social
networks, consumption of culture and information, and problem-solving ability. Metafilter.com is a 10
year old community with over 65,000 members. Members post and discuss interesting web content on a
variety of topics; post questions and problems for others to answer or solve; and list other members as
contacts. Using data on 2009 site activity I show that users who consume more diverse site content and
users who list at least one other members as a contact offer solutions to more problems and a more
diverse problems. Members who list contacts also provide better solutions to problems than those who
do not. Listing a greater number of contacts is not linked to the diversity of questions answered once the
number of answers offered is controlled for, but is linked to the diversity of useful answers offered.
Page 429
Abstract
News Memes in Network Space
John Kelly
Online Networks, On-line Communities, Data Mining, Political Networks, Weblogs, Internet/www
Recent research on the propagation of news stories in media and online has shown a characteristic
pattern in which stories build early momentum in blogs, but then enjoy rapid diffusion in the professional
media (MSM), where story-related 'buzz' overtakes and peaks several hours earlier than in the
blogosphere (Leskovec, et al, 2009). In the popular press, this finding was presented as "mainstream
media leads the blogosphere." In addition to this unfortunate oversimplification, the "Memetracker" study
suffered criticism for the way "stories" were operationalized by using nested fragments of quotations.
In the present study, we extend the previous study by Leskovec, et al, adding two additional
components. First, we use additional methods for defining "stories," i.e. which posts and articles are
grouped together for analysis, including semantic entity co-occurence, semantic entity networks, and
co-citations of web content. Second, we add a network component to the analysis of story citation
trends, distinguishing clusters of blogs which tend to lead story diffusion in the MSM as well as in the
rest of the blogosphere. We find that there are several dimensions of interest that must be taken into
account when comparing blogosphere and MSM cascades, which mitigate against attempts to make
apples-to-apples comparisons between these two key layers of the public communications system.
Page 430
Abstract
Normative Homophily, Relational Turnover and Organizational Structure: the Case of the
Commercial Court of Paris
Paola Tubaro
Emmanuel Lazega
Lise Mounier
Tom A. Snijders
Dynamic Network Analysis, Homophily, Status, Intra-organizational Networks, Siena, Advice Network
The paper is part of a larger research project using advice network data from a longitudinal study of the
Commercial Court of Paris, a judicial institution whose members are volunteering businesspeople,
elected by their peers for a fixed-term mandate. Relying on the stochastic actor-based model of Snijders
(2001), and the SIENA software (Snijders et al 2009), we focus on the respective effects of adherence
to norms and status factors on shaping the dynamics of this social network.
The paper builds on our previous results on these issues (Lazega et al. 2008, Lazega et al. 2010), and
proposes a more complex SIENA model specification, also taking into account the changing
composition of the Court with joiners and leavers every year, and an additional set of variables on
Chamber membership and judges’ normative orientations. This information is combined with data on
members’ heterogeneities deriving from their professional and educational diversity. We thereby aim to
shed light on the extent to which network dynamics and in particular, norm-driven selection of advisors
may result from the internal functioning rules of the Court rather than from outside influences.
Our results confirm that network dynamics tends to closely follow the formal structure of the Court, while
normative attitudes hardly drive the evolution of this network. However, norms and organizational rules
have a differential impact depending on members’ individual backgrounds and Chamber membership
experiences.
Page 431
Abstract
Not only Twitter: Networks, Activity and Involvement in Blip.pl
Jan M. Zajac
Mikolaj Hnatiuk
Michal Podlewski
Dominik Batorski
Dynamic Network Analysis, Communication Networks, Twitter, Internet/www, Twitter Networks
Microblogging, as e.g. Twitter, is currently one of the fastest growing forms of Internet communication,
as well as a recent object of interest of network scholars. Most of hitherto studies focused on Twitter.
Here we analyze another service, Blip.pl – the most popular microblogging service in Poland (about 100
000 registered users).
Our research addresses the following issues:
1) the structure of networks of people and tags (centrality, denser substructures, factors enhancing
relations)
2) differences between individual and organizational users (brands, institutions, companies, etc)
3) involment in microblogging as users’ activity
We use complete data collected from service's database. The data regards users, tags used by them,
and other node attributes gathered longitudinally, since the start of the service in March, 2007. Both
standard qualitative research and methods of social network analysis are used.
The main results include:
1) High skewness of nodes' degree distributions – yet lower than in most weblog systems (fairly
democratic, as for a complex network)
2) Temporal and longitudinal patterns of activity, with high entrance barrier for newcomers (first 2 hours
after registration are crucial)
3) Network position and activity of users depending on their experience in the service – in contrast to
Twitter (Study by RJ Metrics), users that joined the service in recent months, display similar behaviours
as experienced microbloggers.
4) Effects of promotion of particular users by the service.
Results are confronted with previous research regarding microblogging and blogging.
Page 432
Abstract
Novel Definition for Weighted Clustering Coefficient
Geoffrey S. Canright
Kenth Engø-Monsen
Network Analysis, Triads, Structure, Clustering Coefficient, Weighted Links
We address the interesting problem of generalizing a graph's clustering coefficient to the case where the
links
have weights. Several definitions have been proposed before; but, to our knowledge, all of them are
based on
the "average over local node value" approach, which gives often quite distinct results from the
"triangle-based"
approach. Here we present a new, "triangle-based" definition (CCW) for weighted clustering coefficient.
Our
definition is a straightforward generalization of the triangle-based one for the binary case; but it has the
interesting property that it varies between 0 and infinity (rather than between 0 and 1). We will offer
some
explanation and illustrative examples for the two extreme cases (CCW ==> 0 and CCW ==> infinity).
Also, we will
present some results for small test graphs (a few hundred nodes), including graphs formed by using the
similarity
between documents as the link strength.
Page 433
Abstract
On Experts, Teams and Team Performance
Florian Aubke
Networks and Teams (Poster)
Inter-organizational Networks, Team Performance, Expert, Teams, Transactive Memory
What is it that makes an individual an expert and what are the consequences of possessing and using
expertise for the professional context in which the expert is embedded? The popular voice states that an
expert is somebody who has acquired particular skills through training or experience, usually bound to a
specific domain. This study investigates in how far such individual knowledge domains contribute to a
combined transactive memory system. Conceptually, it aims at contributing to the master-apprenticeshi
p model of knowledge development by adding the element of structural empiricism. Being subscribed to
a postmodernist paradigm, this study is eclectic in methods. In the first step of an iterative research
design, hotel revenue management teams in Germany, Austria and Switzerland are selected, and the
researcher conducts a network analysis on the knowledge flows within the teams. In addition,
attribute-based data of the actors as well as perceived performance data are collected. In line with an
inductive approach to reasoning, the second iteration concentrates on extreme cases to comprehend
the phenomenon of expert-team performance from an individual perspective. It is expected to find that
experts are constituted by their social environment rather than by an aggregation of attributes and that
the performance of teams are, to a large degree, guided by an equilibrium of novice and master
knowledge.
Page 434
Abstract
On the big screen and on our nightstands: Hollywood, book publishing, and content decisions
Bryan Greenberg
David Ruggeri
Qualitative Approaches, Film, Filmmaking, Publishing, Entertainment, Centrality
What drives content choices in Hollywood? How are decisions made that influence the type of content
we find at the multiplex every weekend? Recently we’ve begun exploring these questions by analyzing
what we refer to as the Hollywood Network, the group of organizations and individuals who join together
in loose and temporary networks for the sake of developing, producing, and/or distributing content. Our
primary focus has been on defining these networks, and analyzing how and why decisions are made
within and across them.
We’ve found that the structure of Hollywood – how the individuals and organizations we’ve studied gain
access to the network, how others may be prevented from accessing or participating in the network, and
how those who do gain access connect and communicate with each other – drives the creation and
perpetuation of routinized behavior patterns. While there appears to be great latitude in how and why
decisions are made, such routinized behavior patterns serve to greatly limit the range of material that
passes through the development phase into the production phase (and in later stages such routinized
behavior serves to limit how films are produced and how they are distributed in the marketplace.)
While some of these routines are transparent, and thus in some ways more visible to those who
participate in Hollywood (for example, an awareness of how certain creative talent might signal to
studios and/or investors the value of a project), other routines are much less so. It was an interest in the
latter that led us to further analyze not just the specific choices that are made but how those who make
them interpret such choices (i.e., why do they think they made them and what do they see as driving
their decision-making process?) One of our discoveries was how similar the search for content ideas
had become, with great similarity in the types of source material consulted (the magazines, books, and
newspapers one might look to for developmental material) and how individuals, regardless of their
affiliation, background, or content-focus, gravitated to similar sources. We found that the rationale (at
least the stated rationale) for relying on such material was the belief that, at least on some level, these
publishing sources had unique insight into consumer taste and chose material based on such insight.
The consideration of how such developmental material was chosen (by studios, independent production
companies, financiers, etc.), and where it was chosen from (the publication sources), raised another
issue. Up to this point we had been focusing our research on the film industry by exploring the choices
of those who decide on the type of material to develop, produce, and distribute in Hollywood. But we
had not looked at where that material came from. While routines in Hollywood might serve to limit the
type/form of source material, who controls that source material? In other words, who decides what is
and isn’t published, what treatments make it through to development executives, and what items are
newsworthy and covered in the press? Thus our focus moves from the choices occurring in Hollywood
to the choices made in the publishing world. We found this fascinating for two reasons. One, it offered
another opportunity to explore how decisions are made in creative industries. And two, it offered an
additional layer into understanding how the material on the big screen made it there.
To narrow our focus, we set out to examine the book publishing industry, which remains a rich source of
film content (both direct and as inspiration). The current project consists of three case studies of
developmental teams in publishing companies (thus looking at how projects are developed in the
publishing industry). Utilizing primarily qualitative techniques, we’ve collected data to map the structure
Page 435
Abstract
of these entities (what these publishing network looks like) and how decisions are made in them (how
decisions flow across these networks).
One of the most interesting findings has been the revelation of a change in network centrality, from a
developmental perspective, in the publishing industry. Whereas publishing companies have historically
set aside resources in the search for new authors, this responsibility now increasingly falls to outside
agents. Thus agents, who were once more peripheral players in the publishing industry, have now
become a primary gatekeeper for new authors. There are three important implications to this. First, the
publishing industry, while always difficult to penetrate, has become increasingly so. Just as the closed
nature of the Hollywood Network serves to limit voices and narrow content decisions, so does the
increasingly closed publishing industry. The result is a increased narrowing of content options. This
system is further perpetuated b y the way information flows across these two networks (Hollywood and
publishing), supporting routinized behavior patterns. The second implication is what this means from an
economic perspective. How do changes in the publishing industry, over time, influence the film industry?
How does that tie into the way decisions are being made in the film industry as to what is and is not
developed, produced, and distributed? And what does that mean to the bottom line, both in the short
and in the long term? Finally, there is a larger implication, namely what is the impact of the narrowing of
content choices across the media? If these creative networks become increasingly closed, and if
routines serve to narrow behavior, what does that mean with respect to who and what is given voice in
society?
In our session we will discuss our initial findings, exploring the changes occurring in the publishing
industry and what the implications are for these. We will also discuss the links between the film and
publishing industries and what we’ve discovered in our case studies regarding how information flows
and decisions are made. Finally, we will touch upon the larger implications of this system.
Page 436
Abstract
On the use of relational data in regression models
Maria P. Vitale
Social Influence, Network Autocorrelation Models, Structural Equation Model, Linear Regression Model
In the last decades two types of statistical models for analyzing network data have emerged which differ
in the focus of the analysis: individual level outcome or relationships among individuals in a network.
The former, namely individual outcome regression model, describes how a dependent variable is related
to independent variables in presence of interpersonal influence (see Bramoullé, Fortin, 2008; O'Malley,
Marsden, 2008); while the latter involves a relational level analysis where the interest is on the analysis
of network structure using both network statistics and covariates to explain a multivariate dependent
variable with individual linkages (ties) as its elements (e.g. Robins et al., 2007).
Regression models seem particularly vulnerable when there are interdependent individual units
embedded within social structures (Doreian, 1996, Friedkin, 2003). Hence, the existence of network
effects violates the independence assumption among statistical units which is necessary for obtaining
unbiased coefficients estimates in causal models (Friedkin, 1990). The interpersonal influence on
individual’s outcome has been dealt with the specification of network autocorrelation models (see
Doreian et al., 1984; Leenders, 2002). In order to consider the presence of interdependent individual
units, in the traditional linear regression model, a weight matrix W might be introduced.
The aim of this paper is twofold: on one hand, a review of individual outcome regression model
proposed in the literature to deal with interpersonal influence in classical regression approach will be
presented. On the other hand, the presence of interdependent data will be discussed in the framework
of structural equation models.
Page 437
Abstract
Online Associations and Civic Engagement: Can the Internet Build Social Capital?
Jennifer Kayahara
On-line Communities, Social Capital
Membership in face-to-face voluntary associations is well-established as a source of social capital that
serves to encourage further civic and political engagement. Membership in online associations,
however, has not been as clearly linked to civic and political engagement, particularly offline
engagement. While arguments have been made about the strength, power, and diversity of ties forged
online, the relative ease with which people can join and leave online associations has raised questions
about their effectiveness in influencing behaviour and promoting citizen engagement. Findings from the
2008 United States World Internet Survey suggest that while membership in online political communities
is correlated with online political engagement, neither political nor other types of online community
memberships are correlated with traditional forms of offline civic engagement, suggesting that online
communities may not be strong sources of social capital as traditionally conceived.
Page 438
Abstract
Open Elite? Social Mobility, Marriage and Family in Florence, 1282-1494
John F. Padgett
Elite networks (Lecture)
This paper analyzes two centuries of marriage, kinship, economic and political data from Renaissance
Florence, in order to trace changes in social mobility and family structure therein. The findings are that
social mobility was high because of internal contradiction within a conservative elite. Three principles of
hierarchy -- age of family, wealth, and political office -- were orthogonal to each other, thereby producing
continued social and political turmoil. This social turmoil was central to the innovativeness of the period.
Consequences for evolving family structure are identified.
Page 439
Abstract
Optimistic and pessimistic network members in families affected by hereditary cancer:
implications for risk communication and screening encouragement
Laura M. Koehly
Hillary Devlin
Sato Ashida
Andrea Giroux
Kaley Skapinsky
Donald W. Hadley
2-Mode Networks (Poster)
Networks And Health, Communication, Kinship, Family
Lynch Syndrome (LS) is a dominantly inherited cancer syndrome predisposing mutation carriers to the
early onset of multiple cancers including colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian. Genetic testing is
available and carriers of a family mutation are encouraged to begin cancer screening at an early age
and undergo screening more frequently. Risk information dissemination within the family system and
screening encouragement between family members are social processes that motivate carriers to
engage in appropriate cancer screening behaviors. The current report examines whether optimism is
related to the communication and encouragement roles that members take on within the family network.
Optimism is associated with positive reframing of negative events, such as genetic risk of cancer.
Members from 35 families with LS enumerated family members and provided information regarding
communication about genetic risk information and encouragement to engage in colorectal cancer
screening regarding each member. Controlling for family and family size, hierarchical linear models were
used to examine whether optimists were more likely to be the disseminators of risk information and
encouragers of cancer screening within these at-risk families. Results suggest that optimistic persons
have significantly higher outdegree with regards to communicating information about genetic risk of LS.
However, pessimistic persons are likely to encourage more family members to engage in cancer
screening. Characteristics, such as optimism, may be important to consider when developing
family-based interventions aimed at the dissemination of risk information and encouragement to engage
in life-saving screening protocols within the family network.
Page 440
Abstract
Organizational Transformation for Energy Management and Green Buildings: A Case Study of
One Public School District
Jennifer E. Cross
Zinta Byrne
Michelle Lueck
Bill Franzen
Stuart Reeve
Mixed Methods, Inter-organizational Networks, Intra-organizational Networks, Natural Resource
Management, Social Movement Theory
How did one public school district become a leader in green building and energy management? We
propose that organizational transformation was accomplished through an integrated process of
structural changes (inter- and intra-organizational relationships), changes in organizational culture, and
complementary discursive strategies. Poudre School District (PSD) in Fort Collins, Colorado has
become a national leader in green building and energy management. Between 2000 and 2005, PSD’s
Operations Department underwent a fundamental change in their organizational structure and practices
related to construction of new buildings and facilities management, resulting in the construction of
award-winning buildings and substantial reductions in energy consumption in all buildings. This
mixed-methods study utilizes network analysis, document analysis, and interviews with 24 individuals to
examine multiple facets of the organizational change. This school district was able to overcome a variety
of individual and organizational barriers to green building and facility management through leveraging
inter-agency relationships, adopting new building practices (integrated design/build), and creating new
intra-organizational structures. These changes in organizational structure and practices strengthened
existing professional social networks as well as creating new formal and informal social networks that
facilitated the transfer of knowledge from a variety of specialists into the design and building
process—which in turn resulted in the creation of award-winning buildings. The changes in the social
structure were supported by changes in the organization’s culture and individual differences in
motivations and willingness to strive for energy efficiency were managed through careful framing of the
organization’s commitment and mission.
Page 441
Abstract
Organizational Transformation for Energy Management and Green Buildings: A Mixed-Methods
Study of One Public School District
Jennifer E. Cross
Zinta Byrne
Michelle Lueck
Bill Franzen
Stuart Reeve
Mixed Methods Network Studies (Poster)
Mixed Methods, Inter-organizational Networks, Intra-organizational Networks, Natural Resource
Management, Social Movement Theory
How did one public school district become a leader in green building and energy management? We
propose that organizational transformation was accomplished through an integrated process of
structural changes (inter- and intra-organizational relationships), changes in organizational culture, and
complementary discursive strategies. A medium-large public school district in the western United States
has become a national leader in green building and energy management. This mixed-methods study
utilizes network analysis, document analysis, and interviews with 26 individuals to examine multiple
facets of the organizational change. This school district was able to overcome a variety of individual and
organizational barriers to green building and facility management through leveraging inter-agency
relationships, adopting new building practices (integrated design/build), and creating new
intra-organizational structures. These changes in organizational structure and practices strengthened
existing professional social networks as well as creating new formal and informal social networks that
facilitated the transfer of knowledge from a variety of specialists into the design and building
process—which in turn resulted in the creation of award-winning buildings. The changes in the social
structure were supported by changes in the organization’s culture. Individual differences in motivations
and willingness to strive for energy efficiency were managed through careful framing of the
organization’s commitment and mission.
Page 442
Abstract
PREDICTING LINKS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: THE ISRAELI LAW SYSTEM and NETFLIX
Alon Bartal
Gilad Ravid
Link Prediction, Two-mode Networks, Social Network Analysis
Analyzing user-item interactions as a two mode social network, enable us to predict new links between
lawyers and judges in the legal network. One substantial foundation of the legal system is assigning
judges randomly to a case, which makes it nearly impossible, to predict this pairing.
A two mode social network, with 418 vertices comprised of judges, lawyers and 1051 edges, was
constructed at the year 2005. We focused on the group of lawyers which appeared in front of a Supreme
Court judge. This group contains 163 lawyers which appeared in front of 255 judges at 2005. One judge
was randomly chosen, trying to predict which of the lawyers will appear in front of him between
2006-2008.
SNA results shows that some measures achieved significant performance in predicting new judgelawyer interactions of 89.51%.
A second experiment tried to predict viewers that will choose to see a certain movie in the future. The
experiment was based upon Netflix data base, containing a two mode network with 263 vertices and
518 edges at 2004. A movie- viewer link exist if that viewer saw that specific movie. We focused on the
group of viewers who saw a certain movie at 2004 which contains 199 viewers and 64 movies. One
randomly movie was chosen, tring to predict which of the viewers will see it between 2005-2008.
The model achieved 95.27% of accuracy between viewers and a selected movie.
Page 443
Abstract
PROBLEM SOLVING, ADVICE NETWORKS AND HUMAN CAPITAL: A study of dairy farmers in
Norway
Arent Greve
Bjørn G. Hansen
Social Capital, Problem Detection, Problem Solving, Advice Network, Human Capital, Farmers
This research investigates how human and social capital contribute to problem solving and productivity.
We collected data from 91 dairy farmers from five districts in Norway. During a year farmers have to
solve problems related to climate, livestock health, and economic performance. The ability to discover
and solve problems distinguish efficient from less efficient farmers. We apply measures of human and
social capital, problem types and attribution processes in diagnosis and applying solutions. Next we
investigate how their human capital and social capital contribute to problem solving by analyzing how
these relate to a set of measures of effciency. The research design applies measures of all independent
variables preceding the measures of the dependent variables so that we can assess causation. Human
capital plays a significant role in predicting efficiency. Social capital has an effect on the overall health of
their cows. The farmers have access to an advice network of experts. They use this expertise when they
cannot solve long term problems; however, they tend to draw on these resources at late stages of
problem solving.
Page 444
Abstract
Panel- vs. Event-Based Network Analysis
Bobo Nick
Ulrik Brandes
Natalie Indlekofer
Juergen Lerner
Martin Mader
Longitudinal, Statistical Models, Dynamic Network Analysis, Event Data
Event-based network data are obtained from interval-censored orderings of
dyadic incidents over time. Since predominant methods for longitudinal
social network analysis are, however, designed for less finely grained
panel data, they cannot capitalize on such detailed information. In this
way, statistical inferences regarding the underlying network dynamics
lack in efficiency, and transparency of parameter estimates is lost.
Based on an approach recently introduced by Brandes, Lerner, Snijders
(2009), we describe a general framework for event-based network modeling
that avoids time-consuming simulations and allows for more straightforward
parameter interpretation.
For illustration, we compare this approach with the actor-based modeling
on a longitudinal social network of university freshmen which was
collected at medium to high rate, so that both panel- and event-based
approaches seem applicable.
Page 445
Abstract
Part 1: Social Network Monsters in Telecom Call Graphs
Kenth Engo-Monsen
Johannes Bjelland
Geoffrey Canright
Rich S. Ling
Pål R. Sundsøy
Social Network Analysis, Network Structure
To understand the spreading of a product in a telecom call graph, whether it is a service, handset or a
subscription, it is crucial to understand the social patterns in the underlying social network. By combining
telecom call graphs and product adoption history of products it is possible to study the structure of the
social network of adopters, which we define as the adoption network. In these adoption networks we
tend to find very large connected “cores” with many connected users who have adopted the product. We
call this large core a “social network monster”. We believe this is where the strong spreading takes
place. Several products have been considered, and find that it is very common to observe large social
network monsters in the adoption network. Also, we present a statistical test which gives an indication of
the strength of the spreading over the social network. We find evidence that the social spreading is large
when the monster is large.
Page 446
Abstract
Part 2: Dynamics of social network monsters
Paal R. Sundsoey
Kenth Engoe-Monsen
Geoffrey Canright
Johannes Bjelland
Rich Ling
Social Network Analysis, Network Structure
This presentation builds upon the earlier presentation entitled “Social Network Monsters in Telecom Call
Graphs”. A social network monster is a giant connected component of adopting users for a particular
product, where the connections are measured by communication. In this presentation we also take the
time dimension into account.
We study the time evolution of social network monsters for a variety of telecom products including
handsets, services and subscription types. We find that the social network monsters either grow or
break down over time. For some products we see rapid growth mainly in the core, while other products
show more scattered growth. We have also discoverd adoption networks which never manage to create
such social network monsters.
Tentative explanations are offered for these phenomena.
Page 447
Abstract
Participation in organizations practicing collective action: A longitudinal analysis of network
patterns
Eric Tesdahl
Paul W. Speer
Kimberly Bess
Longitudinal, Social Capital, Social Movement Theory, Action And Structure
This poster explores network data in social movements, as called for by Diani (2002) and Klandermans
(1992). Specifically, we examine the influence of spatial proximity on the existence of social ties formed
among local groups working collaboratively in community organizing federations. We test whether
spatial proximity significantly predicts collaboration among federation members. Social capital theory
suggests that trust developed through relationship can enhance collaboration (Lin, 2001). We test
whether development of relationships can counteract the negative effects of space. We hypothesized
that the negative effects of spatial distance between organizations would weaken over time as a result
of previous collaboration. Data for this study are drawn from 29 groups in two communities over a
four-year period. We employ SIENA to test for factors driving network evolution, namely homophily of
organizational type and racial composition of groups, among others. Our dependent variable is
strength/presence of collaborations between federation members. We found that for groups with five or
more collaborations per year, social factors such as race and organizational type predict the existence
of a relationship while distance does not. In contrast, for groups with ten or more collaborations per year,
distance became a significant and negative predictor of tie formation.
Page 448
Abstract
Participação dos atores públicos e privados na gestão da rede do Polo Comercial SAARA
situado no centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro- Brasil
Lamounier E. Villea
Eduardo G. Da-Costa
Fatima M. Carvalho
Network Dynamics, Social Network, Alliances, Governance, Brazil, Small Communities
Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa sobre participação dos atores constituintes da rede comercial
SAARA localizada no centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro- Brasil indicam que a institucionalização do
pólo desmotivou a participação dos atores nos processos decisórios. A rede foi constituída devido à
iminência de demolição do casario, para construção de uma suposta avenida. Em 1962 os
comerciantes ali estabelecidos tiveram forte mobilização pressionando os poderes públicos locais para
a não demolição de seus estabelecimentos. Tal movimento deu origem a SAARA- Sociedade de
Amigos das Adjacências da Rua da Alfândega, concentrando aproximadamente 1250 lojas comerciais.
Tal rede se tornou popular e conhecida tendo grande movimentação de comércio popular em todos os
períodos festivos nacionais. Com o passar dos anos, a rede obteve maior apoio dos poderes públicos
favorecendo políticas de segurança e de limpeza urbana. No entanto, a pesquisa de campo elaborada
em 2009 indicou que a participação dos atores locais nas decisões do polo vem decaindo em função da
forte institucionalização da rede e conseqüentemente uma forte concentração decisória em torno do
presidente da SAARA. A baixa participação dos empresários e empregados vem descaracterizando o
local, coma inserção de grandes empresas e grandes marcas e conseqüentemente diminuindo o
potencial de ações inovativas típicas da coletividade multiracial originaria dos antigos imigrantes. A
baixa participação dos empresários locais vem descaracterizando o pólo, enfraquecendo a rede que
não apresenta ações de sustentabilidade e gestão social de longo prazo.
Page 449
Abstract
Pathways to Adulthood: Opportunities and Challenges for Harlan County Youth Employment
Success
Jessica N. Kropczynski
Patricia H. Dyk
Ego-centered Networks, Social Network Analysis, Rural Communities, Life Events, Job Search,
Respondent-driven Sampling
In the early 1990s the Harlan Youth Employability Program surveyed over 250 grade school students in
the rural community of Harlan County, Kentucky about career aspirations and expectations. This study
followed up with the former students in their adulthood, nearly 20 years after initial contact, to observe
the aspects of their network and other circumstances that aided or inhibited success on the pathway
from school to a career. Two network types are analyzed in this study; the first is the participant-to-parti
cipant network that was generated in the survey distribution process through respondent-driven
sampling. The second network type is the relation-based ego network of each participant to identify key
players that helped the participant acquire past and present employment. Other information gathered
through these surveys that were compared to the initial contact include questions on social capital,
career success, human capital, and initial positions. Results of this study were associated with
employment outcomes and may be used to make recommendations of how to strengthen resource
networks within the central Appalachian region of the United States or other rural communities.
Page 450
Abstract
Pathways to Informal Power: the Interplay between Network Structure and Individual Strategic
Behavior Effects on Informal Power
Alona Labun
Rafael Wittek
Christian Steglich
Rudi Wielers
ERGM/P*, Structural Holes, Power, Network Structure, Power Strategies, Reputation
Drawing on insights from Burt’s structural hole theory and research on power strategies, we examine
whether the variation in one’s informal power reputation can be explained by the structure of informal
relations in an individual’s personal network, and the degree to which one engages in behavior that
exhibits power strategies. We apply an exponential random graph modeling approach (ERGM) to
complete social network data collected in one of the sites of a non-profit organization (n=33). Informal
power was examined from dyad, individual and network levels of analysis. Results indicate that in the
setting under study a structurally advantageous position, measured as a low degree of dyadic constraint
from others, was negatively related to others’ perceptions of individuals’ power, whereas on the
individual level the tendency to use power strategies resulted in more power attributions. In addition, the
insignificant interaction between structural and behavioral determinants of power suggests that the use
of power strategies affects one’s reputation independently from one’s position in the informal network.
On the level of the whole network it was found that power attribution process is structured hierarchically
with people relying on other’s perceptions of the focal actor’s informal power. Overall, the results stress
the importance of taking into consideration both structural and behavioral perspectives on informal
power. The paper concludes with a discussion of the crucial role that the organizational context plays in
the power attribution process, and the implications of the findings for theory and future research on
informal power in organizational settings.
Page 451
Abstract
Patterns in Twitter: between Noise and Social Action
Sam Zeini
Lothar Krempel
Twitter, Blog Networks, Twitter Networks, Web 2.0
We feel that a deeper discussion of the different types of networks
that can be identified from twitter data is necessary to better
understand the potential impact of this new social software format.
In our presentation we compare retweet networks of prominent twitterers
to those of the german pirate party - a new political movement
demanding digital rights and freedom - that emerged out of the virtual
social media domain. The aim of this exploratory analysis is to better understand which structural
features capture differences between these
networks. Finally we use two-mode networks (twitterers x hashtags) to
explore the communication in greater depth.
Page 452
Abstract
Peer Socialization & Relational Aggression Among Middle School Students
Dorothy L. Espelage
Sabina Low
Josh Polanin
Aggression, Peer Influence
There is strong support for the homophily hypothesis in the genesis of aggression during adolescence,
insofar as affiliation with deviant peers is considered one of the most robust and proximal determinants
of aggressive and risk-taking behaviors (Elliott, 1994; Elliott, Huizinga & Ageton, 1985). Despite this, the
majority of research has not employed rigorous methods for both identifying the peer group, or for
determining the mechanism of peer group similarity (i.e., selection vs. socialization). Furthermore, the
majority of literature on peer group influence and aggression has neglected the multidimensional nature
of aggression. The current study attempts to address these methodological limitations, and is the first
study to formally test for the role of homophily on a subtype of aggression using a longitudinal sample of
7th and 8th graders.
The authors identified peer groups via social network analysis using Negopy (Richards, 1995) and peer
group influence was evaluated with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), controlling for within group
variability at Wave 1. For males, a significant interclass correlation (ICC) indicated dependence of
relational aggression scores on peer group membership. HLM analyses indicated that peer-level
relational aggression was predictive of individual relational aggression levels after controlling for initial
levels of relational aggression. For females, however, individual levels of relational aggression were not
dependent on friendship group. Findings from demonstrating the practical benefits of analyzing genders
separately, findings advance our knowledge of peer group influence on aggression by utilizing rigorous
methodologies, and point to the importance of considering the peer-level context as a key target in
bullying prevention efforts.
Page 453
Abstract
Peer-level Influences on Bullying and Sexual Harassment During Adolescence
Dorothy Espelage
Sabina Low
Josh Polanin
Adolescent Friendship Networks (Poster)
Aggression, Prevention, Peer Effects
Bullying and sexual harassment are forms of violence among young adolescents that are of serious
concern (Espelage & Swearer, 2003; Pepler et al., 2001). Studies have implicated strong peer
influences on bullying perpetration. However, very little is known about peer influences on sexual
harassment perpetration during early adolescence, despite an increasing prevalence of these behaviors
during this developmental period. With respect to peer context, the AAUW studies (1993, 2001)
revealed that perpetrators of sexual harassment felt their behaviors were justified because “all kids do it”
and because of pressure from peers to engage in such behaviors. Recent studies have also found peer
influences for homophobic teasing and heterosexism (Poteat, Green, & Espelage, 2007). The current
study examines peer influences on bullying, sexual harassment, and homophobic perpetration among
approximately 800 6th – 8th graders who completed surveys across three Waves of data collection. The
authors have identified peer groups via UCINET (Richards, 1995) across four middle schools. Results
indicated that peer-level bullying and peer-level sexual harassment predicted individual levels of these
behaviors at Wave 3, controlling for Wave 1. HLM analyses are planned to extend these analyses to
include individual level predictors (anger, family violence etc). In addition, HLM analyses will be
conducted to determine the extent to which peer-leveling bullying at Wave 1 is predictive of mean levels
of sexual harassment perpetration at Wave 3. These findings suggest that the practice of developing
bullying and sexual harassment prevention programs with no consideration of changing peer norms is
likely contributing to the low efficacy results in recent meta-analyses.
Page 454
Abstract
Perceived and Received Social Support at Stressful Events
Valentina Hlebec
Tina Kogovsek
Social Support, Data Collection, Network Composition, Received Support, Perceived Support, Life
Events
Difference between received and perceived support is stressed by several authors (e.g., Sarason et al.,
1990, 1990a,1994a; Sarason, Pierce, and Sarason, 1990). Received (enacted) social support is defined
as support which people actually get from others. It is supposedly dependent on the availability of
support, the individual coping skills and the degree of severity of stress others perceive to be
experienced by a person. On the other hand, perceived support refers to a person’s belief that social
support is available if needed (Sarason et al., 1990a: 15-16).
When selecting the best measurement instrument for assessing social support networks and social
support functions one has to consider whether to ask many questions about social support network,
received social support and perception of social support using complex items (e.g., name generators) or
whether there are simpler, less burdensome and less costly ways to correctly assess social support
provision (e.g., role relation items). Also, one has to decide whether to measure only perception of social
support or also actually received support at particular occasions.
In this paper, role relation approach was used to measure sources f social support on convenience
quota (gender, 3 age groups) samples. Data were collected by the students of the Faculty of Social
Sciences and Faculty of Arts at the University of Ljubljana in 2008 and 2009. Composition of the social
support network assessed as received support at 15 major life events in the last three years is analyzed
and compared to the composition of social support network at the same major life events assessed as
perceived support. Differences between the two are presented and implications for measurement of
social support are discussed.
Page 455
Abstract
Perceptions of popularity in speed-dating networks
Skyler S. Place
Peter M. Todd
First Impressions, Friendship Formation, Mate Choice, Speed-dating
In mate choice, individuals must search for mates and gather information to determine each suitor’s
potential value as a worthy partner. Simultaneously, individuals get feedback from suitors regarding
whether they are liked in return. This feedback can be ambiguous, though, so the beliefs of daters about
their popularity may differ from the reality. We have studied these belief versus reality differences using
network science tools applied to the behavior of hundreds of participants from speed-dating events. We
analyzed how speed-daters’ actual mate choice decisions (if they wanted to see their date again)
compared to their beliefs (that their date wanted to see them again) and to their date’s actual interest.
Centrality measures such as directed eigenvectors allow us to show the relationships between
individuals’ perception of received romantic interest versus actual received interest and network
prestige, and the influences of each on the others.
Page 456
Abstract
Perceptual Congruence of a Top Management Team
Daniel S. Halgin
Stephen P. Borgatti
Virginie L. Kidwell
Travis Grosser
Intra-organizational Networks, Team Performance, Cognitive Social Structures, Consensus Analysis
This study investigates the relationships among the top management team (n = 14) and five project
teams (n of each team = 4) of a large organization at two points in time. The goals of the project were
(1) to understand and improve lines of communication between senior management and departments;
(2) clarify the perceived roles and responsibilities of individuals throughout the organization; and (3)
implement new procedures to improve the efficacy of the organization. We analyze relationship data
(buy-in required, access to, clarity of role, and energy) and cognitive social structure data within the top
management and the five project teams as well as across the top management and the five project
teams. Thus, we have not only ties among the top management team, but also have the perceptions of
those by both the members of the team and non-members who work with the team. We use consensus
analysis along with novel ways of analyzing and presenting these data. Additionally, we investigate how
the accuracy of the perceived ties among top executives and team members influences leadership,
performance, and cohesion. Initial findings indicate that teams comprised of individuals with both access
to the top management team and an accurate understanding of the relationships among top
management team members perform better than others.
Page 457
Abstract
Person-Organization Fit and Social Network Centrality
Christian J. Resick
Jonathan Ziegert
Dali Ma
Paul Green
Social Capital, Intra-organizational Networks, Centrality, Personality, Person-organization Fit,
Organizational Behavior
This paper examines the relationships between person-organization (P-O) fit and social network
centrality ties. P-O fit refers to the compatibility between people and the organizations they work for.
Several studies have used a congruence approach to operationalize P-O fit; polynomial regression is
used to examine the degree to which: (a) a person’s personality traits or values, (b) the same traits or
values shared by other members of the organization, and (c) the alignment of these traits or values
predict an outcome such as satisfaction. As people tend to naturally form relationships with people who
are psychologically similar to themselves, this paper proposes that personality congruence is a key
driver of the formation of network centrality ties within an organization. Data were collected from 111
employees of 16 business units of a manufacturing company. Freeman Betweeness and OutDegree
centrality ties were computed in UCINET using personal performance plans. Polynomial regression
results indicate that person-organization congruence along dominance and influence traits was related
to Betweenness ties, while person-organization congruence along influence and conscientiousness
traits was related to OutDegree centrality ties. In turn, network centrality was positively related to annual
salary increase award amounts. Implications for theory and research will be discussed.
Page 458
Abstract
Personal network dynamics : changes, sequences and events.
Claire Bidart
Patrice Cacciuttolo
Methods, Longitudinal, Network Dynamics, Data, Personal Networks, Life Events
For sociologists, studying network dynamics implies more than simply introducing the additional
dimension of time as a linear factor. The whole survey process is affected by this research goal. Data
collection, database design and data analysis are all involved, and together contribute to introducing
new research questions.
On the basis of a longitudinal qualitative survey of 60 young people who were interviewed every three
years in 4 survey waves, we discuss methodological and theoretical topics related to the study of
personal network dynamics. The characteristics of Ego, those of Alter, their degree of similarity and the
qualities of their relationship change over time. The structure of each system constituted by Ego, his
Alter and the interconnections between them also evolves. These changes over time require us to
design different articulated databases that include temporal specifications.
Focusing here on structural changes, we can distinguish some sequences of evolution, point out
regularities and tendencies, and identify processes in the dynamics of personal networks.
Moreover, through including personal and contextual data such as life conditions, life course, expected
and unexpected events, bifurcations and so on, we are able to show the strong links between the
structural evolution of personal networks and extrinsic dimensions.
Page 459
Abstract
Personal networks and practices of Ethiopian farmers
Petr Matous
Yasuyuki Todo
Dagne M. Yadate
Data Collection, Geo-location Networks, Rural Communities, Network Composition, Communities Of
Practice, Ethnicity And Religion
Ethiopian farmers need to increase their productivity to avoid food shortages but so far diffusion of
innovative practices has been low. We hypothesize that in this context characterized by lacking formal
information channels, access to financial credit, or formal education, informal social networks play a
strong role in farmers’ decision to upgrade to newer technologies and varieties. Moreover, we expect
that in this highly ethnically heterogeneous country, social ties across numerous ethnic and religious
groups play a major role in diffusion. To test these and other hypotheses, we are currently finishing a
survey of 300 randomly selected households in remote areas of Tiyo district in Ethiopia. In addition to
comprehensive questions about all household members, their agricultural practices and perceptions as
well as sources of social support and information, we use a list of 80 Ethiopian female and male first
names to elicit a representative sample of the household-heads’ total personal networks. Subsequently,
we ask about the alters’ ethnicity, religion, location and their inter-relationships. GIS data of the
households and facilities’ locations are also being collected. Our paper will report on this methodology
and preliminary findings about the relations between farmers’ personal network composition and their
practices.
Page 460
Abstract
Personal networks of young people in Sweden
Christofer Edling
Jens Rydgren
Social Capital, Structure, Personal Networks, Survey
Recent research on social networks and social capital clearly suggests that the resources that an
individual can access through her personal network has a significant influence on her future life
chances. We are particularly interested in the role of social capital in the transition from school to
working life or higher education. We analyse a representative sample of Swedish 19 year olds with
diverse ethnic background. Data on personal networks and other relevant information was collected by
means of telephone interviews in late 2009 and early 2010. In this paper we present the very first results
from the survey, focusing on the structure of personal networks among young swedes.
Page 461
Abstract
Personalised and Dynamic Trust in Social Networks
Frank E. Walter
Stefano Battiston
Frank Schweitzer
Trust, Social Networks On The Web, Recommender, Agent Based Models, Algorithms
We propose a novel trust metric for social networks which is suitable for application in recommender
systems. It is personalised and dynamic and allows to compute the indirect trust between two agents
which are not neighbours based on the direct trust between agents that are neighbours. In analogy to
some personalised versions of PageRank, this metric makes use of the concept of feedback centrality
and overcomes some of the limitations of other trust metrics.In particular, it does not neglect cycles and
other patterns characterising social networks, as some other algorithms do. In order to apply the metric
to recommender systems, we propose a way to make trust dynamic over time. We show by means of
analytical approximations and computer simulations that the metric has the desired properties. Finally,
we carry out an empirical validation on a dataset crawled from an Internet community and compare the
performance of a recommender system using our metric to one using collaborative filtering.
Page 462
Abstract
Personality traits in the formation of positive and negative networks
Zsófia Boda
András Vörös
Zoltán L. Csaba
László Lőrincz
Adolescents, Egocentic Networks, Education, Personality, Friendship Network, Negativity
In the last few years, an increasing number of network studies have focused on the relationship between
individuals' psychological attributes and their egocentric network structures. There is some evidence that
certain Big5 personality factors, such as extraversion and neuroticism are related to network size.
Contradictory results outline that the effect of extraversion might diminish when there are large sample
variances in socio-economic variables (e.g. age) (Roberts et al. 2008). However, it is likely that
personality factors play an important role in building and maintaining relationships, especially in newly
formed groups.
Using data on first grade high-school students in Hungary (N=268) the effects of the Big5 personality
traits on egocentric network formation are investigated. With parallel application of friendship and
adversarial network data we distinguish between two dimensions of network centrality: who is 'most
liked' and who is most 'well-known'. Combining extraversion and agreeableness, we present a
two-dimensional typology of popular and well-liked students. While the other three traits may have direct
effects on network size, the role of openness and conscientiousness is more likely to depend on the
specific group context, e.g. class norms on performance, attitudes and activities. The analysis aims to
clarify the connections between the Big5 personality traits and the evolution of networks.
Page 463
Abstract
Picking the winner using semantic network analysis: Evidence form an academic electoral
contest
Vitaliano A. Barberio
Alessandro Lomi
Semantic Network Analysis (Lecture)
Methods, Communication, Text Analysis, Meaning Networks, Organization Theory, Semantic Networks
Recent advancements in the network analysis of natural text afford new possibilities to integrate
quantitative and qualitative approaches to measuring and interpreting meaning structures across a
variety of substantive contexts. In this paper we illustrate some of these possibilities in the context of a
case study of electoral competition between six candidates for the top administrative position of
University Rector in a large Italian academic institution. Using textual data that we coded from the
electoral manifestos and other official communication documents produced by the six candidates
running for office in 2009 we generate a shared issue-space within which we identify the relative
positions occupied by the contenders. In major detail we concentrate on the structural properties of
semantic networks generated by competing programs and offer a measure of their distance from a
shared semantic space. Then we restrict the focus on the semantic networks generated by the
communication that the two candidates competing in the final election ballot have produced. We show
the similarities and differences between the candidates in terms of their position in a semantic space
where each point within the programs is intended as a dimension. We offer a consensus-centrality
based qualification of particular concept-nodes as symbols and show as the winner will result to have a
particular attachment to the most important symbol. Finally, we examine in greater detail the
micro-structure of meaning around most important symbols.
Page 464
Abstract
Playing Brokerage: Action and Dynamics of Brokerage Roles in Two Mediated Transactions
Santi Furnari
Embeddedness, Simmel, Brokerage, Role Theory, Action And Structure
Resource-based theories of brokerage do not take into account the possibility that brokers may lose
their advantageous structural position because considered unreliable as mediators by the disconnected
parties. This paper hypothesizes that brokers’ ability to maintain or enhance their structural positions
depends on the fit between brokering behavior and the expectations attached to different brokerage
roles. Building on the models of brokerage developed by Gould and Fernandez (1989), a typology of
brokers’ actions (or ‘brokerage plays’) is advanced. The impact of these different plays on the dynamics
of brokerage roles is explored through detailed longitudinal observation of two transactions brokered by
the same broker and unfolding in the same organizational context. Findings show that the overt
simultaneous performance of a coordinator and representative brokerage role may lead the
disconnected parties to communicate directly, thereby making the broker lose his advantageous
structural position. Implications for a dynamic theory of brokerage behavior are discussed.
Page 465
Abstract
Political Brokers and Entrepreneurs: Distinguishing Between Exceptional Agents
Karin Ingold
Dimitris Christopoulos
Networks in Political Science (NIPS II): Policy Networks (Lecture)
Centrality, Entrepreneurship, Brokerage, Social Network Analysis, Policy Networks
This article contributes to the theoretical discussion about the crucial position of entrepreneurs and
brokers in policy networks and provides a test through the analysis of empirical data. Previous studies
have demonstrated that exceptional agents play a crucial role in affecting policy outputs and influencing
policy change (Schneider and Teske, 1995; Mintrom and Vergari, 1996; Christopoulos, 2006; Ingold,
2008). Earlier empirical analysis however rarely distinguishes entrepreneurs and brokers who are
assumed to have similar relational profiles. Policy process theories however, regardless of whether
theorized as advocacy coalitions, policy streams or punctuated equilibria invariably accord
entrepreneurs and brokers different roles: brokers are assumed to facilitate negotiations and to affect
stability within and across networks; while entrepreneurs are assumed to strategically attempt to
influence outputs and to gain access in decision making.
Based on network theory and original empirical data, we are able to refine existing conceptual
definitions and provide an operationalisation that distinguishes between entrepreneurs and brokers. In
our conclusions we offer support to a comprehensive approach in capturing exceptional political action,
one that combines data from actors relational profile and attributes with an analysis of a contextual
setting on event parameters.
Page 466
Abstract
Political Facets of Business Networks: Politics And Interlocking Directorates In Russia
Bruce Cronin
Vladimir Popov
Interlocking Directorates, Politics, Interfirm Networks, Political Networks, Interorganizational Networks
The relationship between business and politics is multi-dimensional. This paper focuses only an
under-examined aspect of this multi-dimensional relationship – the embeddedness of interlocking
directorates within political networks.
There is established theory that firms in transitional economies have more extensive networks with
politicians than in developed economies to compensate for the market and institutional uncertainties
(Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978). Our study develops this argument by showing that political bodies can be
also interested in being involved in certain business networks to reduce what might be called political
uncertainties. The validity of this argument is checked with regard to the relationship between
interlocking directorates and political networks, an interaction that has not been particularly examined
within the framework of resource dependency theory.
Our inquiry aims to bring an insight into this under-researched topic by examining political aspects of
interlocking directorate in contemporary Russia, the country in which business and politics is especially
highly interconnected. This research is based on data collected from a variety of sources, including
Orbis, a comprehensive database of business information. The findings show that there are a
considerable number of ties between the Russian government and director boards of largest Russian
corporations, and this allows the government to exercise control over activities of these companies with
certain benefits for both sides.
Page 467
Abstract
Political extremists and financial criminal networks: exploring relational patterns of ideologically
motivated and profit-driven offenders in the U.S.
Roberta Belli
Joshua D. Freilich
William Parkin
Terrorism, Criminal Behavior, Financial Networks
Recent studies reveal that financial crimes, traditionally considered the realm of white-collar offenders
and organized crime groups, today attract an increasing number of international terrorists and domestic
political extremists. Terrorists increasingly resort to crime, including typical white-collar offenses like
credit card and financial fraud, to raise funds for their missions. In the U.S., extreme right-wing groups
profess their ideological opposition to the government by promoting illegal schemes to avoid paying
taxes. This paper explores the structural characteristics of a criminal network composed of political
extremists (i.e., Islamic jihadists and far-rightists) and “conventional” offenders who were prosecuted by
U.S. authorities for their participation in a financial scheme. The purpose of this research is to explore
the relational patterns between ideologically motivated and non-ideological, profit-driven offenders who
engage in financial crimes, and determine how contacts and interactions between criminal and
legitimate actors may provide valuable resources for crime.
Page 468
Abstract
Politicized directorates: The types of partisan connections of boards’ members of state-owned
companies in Poland
Dominik Batorski
Interlocking Directorates, Two-mode Networks, Political Networks
The state control over a large number of companies in certain countries (e.g. post-communist) creates
an opportunity for parties and politicians in power to secure various assets useful in political campaigns.
This paper examines the relationship between political parties and state-owned companies in Poland
between 2004 and 2010 when three different political coalitions were in power. Interlocks between
political parties and state-owned companies are created through the selection of the supervisory boards’
members appointed by the minister of treasury. This study provides evidence of non-meritocratic
political control over appointments of supervisory and executive boards’ members of state-owned
companies. Instead of appointing members based on merit, these executive boards are governed by
political connections. This paper investigates how often people with political connections become
members of boards of directors of certain firms. We also verify whether they supported parties which
were in power when they received their seats. Furthermore we analyze different types of this support
such as financial contributions to the electoral campaigns or media control.
Page 469
Abstract
Polygons of Love in Closed Communities
Karoly Takacs
Laszlo Lorincz
Andras Voros
Emotion, Sex Networks, Youth Networks, Rivalry
The development of romantic relationships among adolescents is usually explained by social scientists
in terms of personality traits, homophily and social exchange. Popular explanations, however, are
insufficient to explain the emerging network patterns of romantic relations, especially if romantic and
sexual networks are characterized as spanning trees with a striking lack of short and medium-size
cycles (Bearman, Moody, Stovel, 2004). Norms that regulate romantic and sexual tie formation are
prominent in many different cultures and historical times, but stay implicit and hidden in the Western
culture of our times. In this study, we make an attempt to identify the mechanisms that explain observed
network patterns. Special attention is paid to the timing of relations and prohibition norms that concern
relations between romance, friendship, status competition and negativity. For empirical illustration, we
use several datasets obtained in college dormitories, in secondary schools, and among top table-tennis
players.
Page 470
Abstract
Poverty and Sociability in Brazilian Metropolises: Comparing Personal Networks of Poor People
in São Paulo and Salvador
Renata M. Bichir
Eduardo C. Marques
Typology, Social Disadvantages, Personal Networks, Brazil, Poverty
Poverty encompasses multiple dimensions, including distinctive patterns of sociability, as we have
recently learned from extensive researches carried out in the cities of São Paulo and Salvador, Brazil,
exploring the types of personal networks and sociability profiles of the poorest populations living under
different urban segregation conditions (Marques, 2009). Based on 209 in-depth interviews in São Paulo
and 152 interviews in Salvador, we found a great variability of sociability even among the poorest
people. Those networks vary according to various attributes, including gender, life cycle, migration and
occupational status, among others. Poor people’s networks also vary in size and in general structure, as
well as diversity in terms of spheres of sociability.
Departing from those data, this article aims at comparing poor people’s personals networks in two
important Brazilian metropolises, São Paulo and Salvador, focusing on the different types of personal
networks. In order to classify the networks, we conducted two types of cluster analyses. First, we
classified the networks according to several measures of social network analysis: number of nodes,
number of links, diameter, average degree, centralization, clustering coefficient, E-I index, n-clans,
betweenness, information, structural holes, number of contexts. Second, we classified the personal
networks according to the preponderant sphere of sociability: family, neighbors, friendship, work,
religiosity, leisure, civil association.
Preliminary findings show a great variety of types of networks both in São Paulo and Salvador, as well
as several associations between those types and social indicators.
Page 471
Abstract
Power asymmetries in small-scale fisheries– a barrier to governance transformability?
Beatrice I. Crona
Örjan Bodin
Knowledge Networks, Centrality, Generalized Blockmodeling, Natural Resource Management, Power
Adaptation and mitigation to global as well as local environmental problems calls for the transformation
of many contemporary and unsustainable governance approaches. Recent interest has therefore sprung
up around factors that facilitate, and hinder, societies from transforming governance of natural
resources. This paper explores how distribution of power among actors can affect the generation of
knowledge and mental models relating to a small-scale fishery, and how this in turn can affect
governance transformation in a resource dependent community. Power is defined from a relational
perspective as the level of cost incurred if one party unilaterally withdraws from a relationship. We use
data on social networks for communication of local ecological knowledge and gear exchange to explore
a number of issues. First, we map the network of gear exchange within the community and find that the
majority of individuals lending gears to others are in fact fishers. Next we examine to what degree power
and knowledge accrue to the same individuals and find a strong correlation between centrality in
knowledge exchange and gear exchange networks. Individuals occupying central positions in a
knowledge network can be instrumental in determining which knowledge and interpretation of ecological
signals is most dominant. If such central positions coincide with high levels of power this can have
effects on governance of natural resources in several ways. We therefore combine quantitative network
data with qualitative interviews to explore characteristics of simultaneously powerful and knowledgeable
individuals, focusing on a number of factors potentially affecting governance transformability, such as
the type of extraction methods used, perceived problems surrounding the fishery, connections with
external agencies involved in resource management, and potential sunken cost effects as a result of
investment in gear. Our results show that a majority of the most influential individuals show little
recognition of declining fisheries, yet as measured by their relations, they have the most advantageous
position for furthering their views on trends in the resource through their links within as well as beyond
the village. We relate our findings to existing theories of influence and governance transformability at the
community level and explore ideas on how social networks can help identify potential change agents in
communities experiencing inertia with respect to collective action for improved resource management.
Page 472
Abstract
Predicting Asset Value Performance through Web Trend Analysis
Apurv Jain
Peter A. Gloor
Hauke Fuehres
Stefan Nann
Jonas Krauss
Xue Zhang
On-line Communities, Web Mining, Sentiment, Blog Networks, Text Mining
Including sentiment for stock valuation has a long history even among economists such as John
Maynard Keynes who famously compared the stock market to a beauty contest where the goal was not
to guess who you thought was the most beautiful but to guess who everyone else would think was the
most beautiful. In this paper we describe how we measure Web Buzz around a concept (country name,
company name) over time to predict that country’s or company’s economic performance. As an
approximation for the relative importance of a concept on the Web, in Blogs, and online forums, we
calculate the betweenness centrality of this concept using degree-of-separation search, constructing a
back-link network of bloggers and Web sites. The betweenness metrics represent the general buzz on
the concept from the Web and from bloggers. We hypothesize that these will be useful independent
variables because they are unconscious signals about a concept’s popularity and could be linked to the
risk premium required by economic agents. Our results indicate that part of the fluctuation of tradable
assets such as the S&P500 index, individual stock prices, and currency movements can indeed be
explained by this Web buzz after controlling for usual risk factors.
Page 473
Abstract
Predicting Cognitive Network Similarities among rappers in Sao Paulo
Charles Kirschbaum
Status, Music, Cognitive Social Structures, Affiliation Networks, Attention Networks, Brazil
An “organizational field” might be depicted as a social network of actors who are engaged in reciprocal
monitoring. Cognitive attention is granted towards those high status peers, as well as those actors with
whom past interactions took place, or social category is shared. We interviewed 40 rappers in the city of
São Paulo, Brazil. Our interviewees were recruited through a snow ball procedure, and our sample
controlled to equally represent different rap categories, time in the field and formal education.
We used a list of 220 prominent rap groups in Brazil. For each group, we asked our interviewee who
could play with that group at the same concert. As a result, we obtained a list of possible (cognitive) ties
among rappers. A multilevel analysis permitted the aggregation of results in a consensus network, along
with the analysis of similarities among interviewees vis-à-vis their answers. We posit that interviewees
with similar answers share similar cognitive structures. We collected the rap category that best
represents each interviewee. In addition to the rap category, we collected control variables, like age,
time in the field, formal education and income. Affiliation to a rap category, time in the field and income
level were the best predictors of network cognitive similarity.
Page 474
Abstract
Predicting Oscars Through Semantic Web Mining
Jonas Krauss
Stefan Nann
Hauke Fuehres
Peter Gloor
On-line Communities, Sentiment, Prediction, Internet Movie Database, Oscars, Academy Awards
This paper extends earlier work to predict Academy Award nominations based on online forum analysis.
Through applying a bag-of-words approach in combination with network metrics to the Oscar Buzz
subforum at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) we make predictions for Academy Awards winners for
the main Oscar categories: best picture, best director, best actor, best actress. A bag-of-words
specifically adapted to communication patterns occurring in the Oscar Buzz subforum leads to
significantly higher precision and recall ratios. Consideration of network position of the posters reduces
the impact of spammers and increases overall prediction quality.
Communication at IMDb takes place in an unstructured manner. Thus, textual processing and analysis
are necessary to identify the discussion’s subject (which movie/director/actor /actress) and determine
the semantic orientation expressed towards the subject. Through calculating a degree of association
with Oscar keywords and weighting it by the poster’s network importance we derive the likelihood for a
movie/director/actor /actress of winning an Academy Award. The results obtained through IMBb analysis
are additionally weighted by Web and Blog buzz analysis through degree-of-separation search on the
Web and in Blogs for the same keywords.
Page 475
Abstract
Predicting author h-index using characteristics of the co-author network
Christopher Mccarty
James Jawitz
Alex Goldman
Allison Hopkins
Scientific Networks, Citation Networks, Collaboration, Ego-centered Networks
Objective: To test the relationship between characteristics of an author’s network of co-authors to
identify which enhance the h-index.
Method: We randomly selected a sample of 238 authors from the Web of Science, calculated their
h-index as well as the h-index of all co-authors from their h-index articles, and calculated an adjacency
matrix where the relation between co-authors is the number of articles they published together.
Results: Our model was highly predictive of the variability in the h-index (R square=.79). The proportion
of co-authors working in non-academic settings was weakly associated with the h-index, while number
of co-authors, the maximum co-author h-index and the number of network components was highly
predictive.
Conclusion: This analysis suggests that the highest h-index will be achieved by working with many
co-authors, at least some with high h-indexes themselves.
Page 476
Abstract
Predicting regional self-identification from spatial network models
Zack W. Almquist
Carter T. Butts
Statistical Models, Geography, Geo-location Networks, Spatial Analysis, Cognitive Social Structures
Typically, human populations are not regarded by those within them as socially homogeneous; instead,
population members employ a mental model which allocates persons to perceived social categories or
groups. A "group" in this particular sense can be thought of as a "label" or cognitive marker along with a
set of identification rules which govern the assignment of labels to persons. Following this, we define
self-identification in a particular domain to be the assignment of group labels by egos to themselves.
Self-identification occurs in many different domains, one of which is regional, i.e., the identification of
oneself with a locationally-associa ted group (e.g., a "New Yorker" or "Parisian"). Surprisingly, regional
self-identification is not well-predicted by ego's immediate region of residence, raising the question of
what social and/or cognitive processes account for the discrepancy. Here, we posit that regional
self-identification results from an influence process based on the location of ego's alters, such that ego
tends to identify him or herself with regions in which many of his or her alters reside. Using a family of
extrapolative models for large-scale network structure, we test the performance of this theory versus a
number of other alternatives on data from a large sample of respondents from the continental United
States. Implications for the role of social networks in shaping the perception of urban regional structure
are also discussed.
Page 477
Abstract
Presentation of the software Puck (Program for the use and computation of kinship data)
Klaus Hamberger
Arnaud Bringé
Camille Roth
Kinship network analysis (Poster)
Sampling, Statistical Methods, Software, Kinship Networks, Graph Theory
The poster presents the software Puck (Program for the use and computation of kinship data). Puck (a
free software written in Java 1.6) has been developed in 2007 by the Parisian research group TIP
(Traitement Informatique de la Parenté / Kinship and Computing – see www.kintip.net) that unites
anthropologists, historians, demographers and mathematicians. While its core feature consists in the
census and analysis of matrimonial circuit structures (resulting from marriages between kin and affine),
it constitutes a general tool for the management, treatment and exploratory analysis of genealogical
datasets. Puck has been designed in close cooperation with empirical researchers and is continuously
updated so as to meet their practical demands ([email protected]). It is fully compatible with the
social network analysis software Pajek and the most current genealogical programs based on gedcom
format. The poster will demonstrate its main functionalities and sketch the perspectives for future
developments (such as the incorporation of non genealogical relations and random simulations). The
site www.kintip.net contains a detailed manual.
Page 478
Abstract
Presidential Centrality, Alternative Models of News Sentiment Word Networks, and Job Approval
Noah Cepela
James A. Danowski
Mass Communication, Sentiment, Public Opinion, Political Networks, Automated Network Discovery,
Semantic Networks
This research illustrates automatic social network extraction from large volumes of text by mapping the
co-appearances of cabinet members. All news stories mentioning a cabinet member in the New York
Times and Washington Post were compiled for Presidents Reagan through G.W. Bush and sliced into
time intervals (averaging 100 per administration) corresponding to Gallup presidential approval polls. It
was hypothesized that when the centrality of the president is relatively low compared to other cabinet
members, as the president is “flying beneath the radar,” job approval ratings are higher, On the other
hand, when the president stands higher in network centrality, he or she is more likely to be a “lightning
rod” for negative press coverage and job approval will decrease. The hypothesis was supported for each
of administration although with different lags. To more fully test the model actual news story sentiment
was computed for each time slice using LIWC2007. Overall, each administration had a different pattern
for associations for sentiment mediated by centralization on job approval. The non-network based
dictionary word lookup of LIWC2007, modeled after the General Inquirer of 1962, is suspect in providing
valid results for our purposes. More precise network-based measures of sentiment based on the path
distances between the president’s unigram in a network of several hundred semantic sentiment words
are used in a follow-up analysis. Automatic social network identification can be done with any existing
list of names using WORDij.net software. Further research is developing methods for automatically
finding individuals of interest not currently on a watch list.
Page 479
Abstract
Pride, Prejudice and Dynamic Triangles. Marriage Strategies within the Estate System in England
at the End of the 18th Century.
Juergen Pfeffer
Betina Hollstein
Qualitative Approaches, Text Analysis, Mixed Methods, Time Networks, Balance Theory
Historical documents work also as data sources for analyzing social networks. In this paper we analyze
historical networks on basis of a literary text, Jane Austen’s novel “Pride and Prejudice” published in
1813. Concerning the contents we are interested in different family strategies of marriage within the
estate system in England at the end of the 18th century. Our data show that the opportunity structure for
partnership selection is a result of kinship, friendship and neighborhood. All these relationships as well
as the marriage strategies themselves are structured by social status, prestige, and authority
relationships. Using the balance theory of Fritz Heider we analyze the relationships of the network and
the dynamics over time. The story starts in a very stable state of disconnected components consisting of
positive triangles. Then love comes to play resulting in a period of structural instability. In the last
episodes of the story the leading actor stabilizes the unstable triangles one by one to add his connection
to the leading actress at the end into a completely stabilized environment. The basic outcome of our
structural analysis is: Lower class families follow dyadic strategies to get their children married and
upper class families act within more complex structures.
Page 480
Abstract
Primary Care Integration: the Case of Advice Networks among Pediatricians
Franco Fontana
Americo Cicchetti
Maria pia Fantini
Roberto Dandi
Daniele Mascia
Tiziano Dall'osso
Organizational Forms, Advice Network, Communities Of Practice, Healthcare
As the national healthcare systems face demographic, epidemiological, economic, and societal
challenges the issue of primary care integration has gained momentum over hospital-centric healthcare
services. More and more, primary care clinicians need to be integrated among them and with hospital
specialists, in order to increase the quality and continuity of services and to reduce the costs of
hospitalizations. Our study focuses on one form of integration of primary care: advice networks among
pediatricians, and between pediatricians and other clinicians. In Italy pediatricians are usually scattered
across territories thus being organizationally and physically isolated from each others. However, one of
the main forms of collaborations among them is advice seeking. In fact, clinical guidelines and
handbooks cannot be the only sources of information and expertise: the variety and variability of
situations, patients, drugs, and competencies, are too high to permit a strict standardization of
assistance. In this study we explore the role of colleagues in retrieving and adapting clinical knowledge
to specific patients, and we identify the antecedents of the selection of the colleagues for this advice.
Data come from the pediatricians of two Local Health Units (ASL). We obtained in total 97 respondents
(response rate is 85% in the first case, 65% in the second). The survey dealt with advice seeking
behavior between pediatricians and from pediatricians towards other specialists. Using Exponential
Random Graphs Models (ERGM) we test hypotheses about the effects of individual-specific attributes
on the propensity to integrate primary health care activities through collaboration.
Page 481
Abstract
Problemas de agência e desempenho económico: redes mercantis no comércio luso brasileiro
(1720-1760)
Maria M. Rocha
Leonor F. Costa
Network Analysis, Social Capital, Historical Networks
Esta comunicação analisa as relações dos actores envolvidos no comércio entre Portugal e o Brasil
considerando os problemas de agência decorrentes de uma actividade desenvolvida num contexto de
baixo capital social. Aplica algumas das medidas básicas da análise de redes para caracterizar a
estrutura das relações entre principais e agentes, tomando os dados fornecidos pelas remessas de
ouro enviadas do Brasil para Portugal entre 1720 e 1760. A configuração das redes, permitindo avaliar
o grau de coesão social e as formas de circulação da informação, possibilitará reconhecer a
probabilidade de incumprimento de contratos por comportamento oportunista. Serão então identificadas
as organizações mercantis que melhor responderam aos problemas de agência, através de um modelo
estatístico que toma as quantidades de ouro recebidas como variável que reflecte o desempenho
económico. Argumentar-se-á que a mobilidade geográfica de agentes com elevada posição de
centralidade na rede foi decisiva para ultrapassar os problemas resultantes do ambiente de baixo
capital social que predominou na actividade mercantil deste período.
Page 482
Abstract
Problems and challenges faced by researchers in a qualitative study of a community of practice
in Hong Kong
Olivia Ip
Shek kam Tse
Qualitative Network Studies (Poster)
Methods, Qualitative Approaches, Communities Of Practice, Identity
This paper is part of a report on work progress of a longitudinal study which seeks to understand how
learning and cooperative patterns of teachers occur in a primary school in Hong Kong. The study aims
to reconstruct the subjective realities of work and social relations using an interpretivist approach. The
paper relates the methodological issues which emerged during different stages of the longitudinal
research and the ways the researchers have tried to resolve them. Amongst them, the researchers have
identified issues in the following three areas:
First, the researchers have found that the participants’ accounts of their views and social relations are
filtered through their perceived relations with the researchers. In other words, the narrated data is
hinged on the respondents’ perception of the researchers’ position in their social networks at the time of
collection. This problem is particularly salient in this cultural context as people living in Asian cultures
are reluctant to reveal their social relations. Secondly, although it is commonly acknowledged in
interpretive traditions that positivist objectivity is unattainable, the researchers have problems in
delineating to what extent the epistemological stance and assumptions of the researchers have
impacted the study. Problems also arise from the inherently reactive nature of qualitative study whereby
identity changes of both the participants and the researcher lead to evolving analytical, authorial
stances. Finally, ethical and moral dilemmas have emerged including the legitimacy of using gossip and
data that has been passed to them in confidence.
This paper contributes to understanding of theoretical and methodological issues involved in the various
stages of a qualitative network study conducted in Eastern societal context.
Page 483
Abstract
Problems for Network Theory in the Thought of Durkheim, Simmel, Bourdieu, and Spinoza
Ronald L. Breiger
Theory, Culture, Structural Holes, Two-mode Networks, Philosophy
Sociological theorists have formulated a number of general problems that have direct relevance to
procedures of social network analysis. From Simmel we inherit a concern for the form versus the
content of social relations, for theorizing money as a network relation, and for the problem of objective
networks versus cultural relativism. In Durkheim’s work we can find insight into the dualism of human
nature, the strength of weak ties, and the social construction of forms of solidarity. Bourdieu’s sociology
presents problems of self-interest versus determination in constructing networks of social and cultural
capital. My thesis is that all of these theorists were grappling in important and surprisingly explicit ways
with the thought of the seventeenth-century philosopher, Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza. Moreover, by
identifying how Simmel, Durkheim, and Bourdieu worked with Spinoza’s thought, we may see some new
opportunities for shaping the analysis of social networks.
Page 484
Abstract
Processo da formação da REDE ONCORIO especializada no atendimento integral ao paciente
oncológico
Lamounier E. Villela
Fatima M. Carvalho
Luciene N. De-Almeida
Luciano P. Junqueira
Network Analysis, Alliances, Governance, Brazil, Local Networks, Collaboration Network
A Rede ONCORIO coordenada pelo Instituto Nacional do Câncer – INCA conta com a participação do
Governo Federal, das Secretarias Estaduais e Municipais de Saúde, de universidades, de serviços de
saúde e centros de pesquisa, assim como de organizações não-governamentais e da sociedade civil.
Tal rede foi consolidada em 2005 pela integração de diferentes parceiros promovendo o
compartilhamento de conhecimentos e recursos. Tal rede foi capaz de melhorar a qualidade do
atendimento ao paciente de câncer, de promover inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais reduzindo a
incidência e a mortalidade por câncer na população. Na primeira etapa de construção da rede o
processo de contratualização de parceiros se deu através de seleção por critérios técnicos em hospitais
gerais que garantissem a integralidade do atendimento ao paciente de câncer. Na segunda etapa de
legitimação da rede observou-se tanto um aumento da força adquirida pelas unidades hospitalares
anteriormente isoladas e fracas, bem como, uma ampliação das relações dialógicas entre todos os
membros da rede, que manifestou em melhorias quantitativas e qualitativas no atendimento aos
pacientes. Tal modelagem de rede, instituída no Brasil, no entanto ainda depende de uma melhor
organização das redes básicas de atenção a saúde, ainda muito precárias em termos de recursos
humanos e tecnológicos. Esta base tem responsabilidade em localidades municipais, onde é importante
participação cidadã na definição do uso dos recursos públicos.
Page 485
Abstract
Productivity Through Coffee Breaks: Changing Social Networks by Changing Break Structure
Benjamin N. Waber
Daniel Olguin-Olguin
Taemie Kim
Alex Pentland
Communication, Sensors, Productivity
In this paper we present a two-phase study undertaken to experimentally study in a real world setting
the effects of social group strength and how to increase the strength of groups in the workplace. In the
first phase of our study we measured interactions between workers at the call center of a large bank
based in the United States using Sociometric Badges. We confirmed our hypothesis that the strength of
an individual’s social group was positively related to productivity (average call handle time) for the
employees that we studied. In the second phase of our study we show that by giving employees breaks
at the same time we increased the strength of an individual’s social groups, demonstrating that low-cost
management decisions can be used to act on these results.
Page 486
Abstract
Profiling Canadian Immigrant Networks: Comparing the Network Structures of Immigrant Groups
and Occupational Prestige
Maria M. Majerski
Social Capital, Occupations, Immigration, Heterophily, Ethnic Relations, Voluntary Associations
Most international migration research equates recent immigrants' disadvantaged job prestige with
discrimination based on human capital, such as English proficiency. By contrast, this research exposes
a hidden variable within this relationship – the role of structural factors in recent immigrants' social
networks. Using Connected Lives Data, this paper compares four different immigrant groups in Toronto
– Latin American, Asian, European, and African – in terms of their participation within voluntary
associations, and the resulting effects of attaining social capital and consequently, job prestige. Network
heterophily is related to affiliation with a variety of voluntary associations, a precursor for social capital
attainment. Participation within voluntary associations increases one's networking potential, namely the
development of weak ties and network bridges, a requirement for occupational prestige. Immigrant
groups with networks containing complex clusters in addition to large numbers of weak ties, as predicted
to be related to their affiliation with voluntary associations, will exhibit similar job prestige to the
non-immigrant population.
Page 487
Abstract
Proximity and the evolution of collaboration networks : Evidences from R&D projects within the
GNSS industry
Pierre-Alexandre Balland
Dynamic Network Analysis, Inter-organizational Networks, Spatial Analysis, Siena, Proximity
Increasing attention had been given recently to understand how networks affect organizational
performance in innovation studies. Surprisingly, underlying mechanisms of evolution of innovation
networks have been more neglected and still remain unclear. This lack of interest is denounced today by
recent papers which claim that it is a crucial issue for economic geography, especially the influence of
the various forms of proximity. Influence of proximity is close to the homophily effect, where actors are
supposed to interact more with other ones when they share similar attributes. Following Boschma
(2005), proximity between organizations can thus relate to their spatial area (geographical), their
knowledge bases (cognitive), their corporate group (organizational), their institutional form (institutional)
and finally to their social network (social).This paper contributes to this ongoing debate by determining
empirically how organizations choose their partners given to their geographical, organizational,
institutional, cognitive and social proximity. The relational database is constructed from publicly available
information on the R&D collaborative projects of the 6th European Union Framework Program within the
navigation by satellite industry (GNSS). Patterns of evolution of the GNSS collaboration network are
determined according to a longitudinal study of the relational changes occurred between four
consecutive years, from 2004 to 2007 and using the statistical model SIENA. Empirical results show that
geographical, organizational and institutional proximity favour collaborations. Inversely, organizations
prefer to avoid partnerships when they share the same knowledge bases (cognitive proximity). The last
result demonstrates that the degree of social proximity is too weak to stimulate future collaborations.
Page 488
Abstract
Qualitative Networks. Theoretical and epistemological foundations.
Elisa Bellotti
Network Theory, Mixed Methods
There has been a rise of interest in mixing methods in social network research in recent years. The main
trend is to consider social network analysis as the quantitative tool, as it represents data via numbers,
and to reflect on how to combine it with classic qualitative methods of inquire, where data are normally
textual.
The aim of this presentation is to shift the argument from the methodological frame to the theoretical and
epistemological one. My claim is that, from a theoretical point of view, network analysis is the
methodological tool of social network theory, whose foundation lies in the continuum between qualitative
and quantitative approaches. From an epistemological point of view, instead of focusing on how we
collect data and which tool to use, I want to explore the issue of what we look at when we analyze social
networks. In fact, the object of knowledge in a social network perspective is closer to the qualitative
counterpart, as it focuses on concrete sets of relationships which cannot be generalized outside of the
observed network. I will reflect both on complete networks and egonetworks, exploring when and under
which condition the object of analysis of social network is to be considered qualitative.
Page 489
Abstract
Quantifying the topological importance of nodes in signed digraphs
Wei-Chung Liu
Complexity, Centrality, Community Structure, Topology, Network Stability, Signed Networks
A network is a collection of nodes interconnected by links. The position of a node in a network is defined
by how it is embedded in a network, both from its perspective as well as from those of the remaining
nodes in the same network. Given the structural complexity of a network, it is not always a simple
problem to define the importance of nodes. Traditionally, topological importance of a node can be
defined by its local connectivity structure and other non-local centrality measures. Here, by following and
extending a previously developed method, we present a semi-quantitative-qu alitative approach that can
quantify the topological importance of a node in directed and signed networks. The basic principle
behind our approach is that we track how effects from a node can propagate throughout a network; and
depending on network structure and pattern of spreads, some of the effects from one node on another
become negative while others remain positive. Such an approach allows us to elucidate how a node
influences every node in the same network, and whether its interaction structure is predominately
positive or negative. Once interaction structure is quantified for all nodes, we then investigate how such
information can be used on a collective level to represent the structural property of a network.
Page 490
Abstract
Quiet Revolution: Networks, Authority’s Malleability and Lieutenant Brokerage in the Making of
Chicago’s Millennium Park
Santi Furnari
Community Structure, Multilevel Analysis, Brokerage, Collective Action, Conflict, Change
Quiet revolutions are radical changes that –despite their radicalism- are smoothly accepted. This paper
addresses a paradoxical case in which quiet revolution occurs in a segregated, conflict-ridden, social
structure and it is nevertheless achieved through overt mobilization of resources towards the ideas of
one party with no active opposition from the other party. Exploring both the network resources (networks
as pipes) and the network attributions (networks as prisms) behind this quiet revolution case, the paper
introduces two network-induced attribution mechanisms to explain this puzzle: 1) authority’s malleability,
the fact that disconnected parties are tied to a third-party authority and they have contradictory
perceptions of the authority’s malleability to change attempts (malleable vs inflexible); 2) lieutenant
brokerage, the fact that the actions of “lieutenant brokers” -actors mediating between disconnected
parties on behalf of a third-party authority- are interpreted through the parties’ perceptions of the
third-party authority’s malleability. A perception of authority’s inflexibility by potential change opponents
is found to prevent them to react against overt mobilization attempts by lieutenant brokers: confident in
the inflexible authority, they will dismiss lieutenants’ efforts as non-credible threats. A proactive
bipartisan attitude of lieutenants is found to further reinforce the confidence in the status-quo of potential
change opponents by signaling weakness of change proponents. Paradoxically, this gives lieutenants
more time to mobilize and more opportunities to wrong-foot the opposition.
Page 491
Abstract
Quorum Analytics: Machine-Assisted Collaborative Capture of Qualitative Social Network Data
Maksim Tsvetovat
Daniel Maxwell
Knowledge Networks, Text Analysis, Collaboration, Emergent Semantics
Current efforts for capturing qualitative social network data can be roughly split into two categories. The
first, manual extraction of entities and relationships, is characterized by qualitative research tools such
as Atlas TI and problem-specific ad-hoc solutions. Needless to say, it is a labor-intensive process, and
one that is largely a solitary activity -- thus prone to inter- and intra-coder bias.
Fully automated tools for network text analysis, such as AutoMap, have made huge strides into
automating this process. However, they still rely on manually created thesauri, and require meticulous
tuning to produce acceptably low level of false positives.
In our work, we introduce a hybrid approach to network text analysis. Our tool, Quorum Analytics, is a
collaborative system in which the entire community of users, cooperatively with machine extraction
tools, can work through large sets of textual data. Quorum Analytics uses a peer-review process to
generate a community ontology, which then is used to generate thesauri for automated extraction.
Conversely, results of machine extraction pass review through human eyes, thus greatly improving
accuracy. A resulting cyclical process is symbiotic in nature, and allows for a significantly greater
accuracy and efficiency compared to both manual and fully automated approaches.
Beta version of Quorum Analytics will be available at the conference.
Page 492
Abstract
Random effect models for triadic social network data
Marijtje A. Van-Duijn
Statistical Models, Triads
In triadic network data, each actor occurs in three different roles: ego, alter, and tertius. Examples of
three-way social network data are cognitive social structures (network ties between ego and alter as
perceived by tertius), lateral control strategies (ego chooses tertius to exert influence on alter), or gossip
(ego gossips with alter about tertius). A model for binary three-way social network data is developed
relating the probability of a tie to individual properties of the actors, network relations that may exist
between any pair of them, possibly available three-way characteristics of them as a triplet, and a
number of random components, taking care of the dependence between the triplets.
The model is estimable using WinBUGS and is applied to two data sets, one on lateral control
strategies, the other on gossip behavior.
Page 493
Abstract
Rational Choice in classroom networks? An empirical study of desires, motives, and actual
friendships
Chris Baerveldt
Jef Vlegels
Christian Steglich
Longitudinal, Siena, Friendship, Selection Processes, Pathway, Classroom
Economic models of social relations, such as the forging of alliances or collaborative relationships, the
labour market, or the marriage market, typically assume that when agents establish relational ties, they
display some sort of rational, optimizing behavior. More generally, the structure of complete networks
can potentially be viewed as the collective outcome of individuals’ attempts to optimize the quality of
their personal networks. However, there is little, if any, empirical basis for such a ‘rational choice’ model
of networks. Selection processes are seldom studied, and if they are, the explanation arrived at is not
double-checked for external validity. This study aims to shed some light into the ‘black box’ of how an
individual’s relational desires and preferences translate into actual relations. Based on two waves of
Dutch school classroom data (n=741 students aged 12-15 years in 27 school classes), we investigate
the students’ desires for specific friendships, their attempts to become friends with specific fellow
students, and their effect on the onset of actual friendships. The different configurations of first and
second measurements of these networks (called ‘pathways’) are used to categorize students. These
pathway-defined categories are compared on such variables as the need for new friendships, motives
for friendships, personality characteristics and the level of information about the network.
Page 494
Abstract
Reality Mining Africa
Shawndra Hill
Getachew Berhan
Anita Banser
Nathan Eagle
Cellular phones can be used as mobile sensors, continuously logging users’ behavior including
movement, communication and proximity to others. While it is well understood that data generated from
mobile phones includes a record of phone calls, there are also more sophisticated data types, such as
Bluetooth or cell tower proximity logging, which reveal movement patterns and day-to-day human
interactions. We explore the possibility of using mobile phone data to compare movement and
communication patterns across cultures. The goal of this proof-of-concept study is to quantify behavior
in order to compare different populations. We compare our ability to predict future calling behavior and
movement patterns from the cellular phone data of subjects in two distinct groups: a set of university
students at MIT in the United States and the University of Nairobi in Kenya. In addition, we show how
Bluetooth data may be used to estimate the diffusion of an airborne pathogen outbreak in the different
populations. Finally, we provide a set of possible extensions to our work.
Page 495
Abstract
Reciprocity, Power and Exploitation in Exchange Networks: A Social-Psychological Model
Phillip Bonacich
Theory, Exchange, Economic Networks, Actor Network Theory, Power, Corruption
The norm of reciprocity in exchange can itself be used to exploit others. Network position can affect the
power of an actor in a network in which resources are exchanged. Positions without alternative sources
of reward can be exploited if they are constrained to reciprocate favors important to them. A
mathematical model based on social psychological theories of power and dependence is proposed.
Page 496
Abstract
Reconstitution and analysis of multi-level networks in an emergent market
Julien Brailly
Multilevel Network Analysis (Lecture)
Inter-organizational Networks, Data Collection, Multilevel Analysis, Emerging Market
We study the construction of an audiovisual market in Africa in terms of a neo-structural multi-level
analysis. The individual level is determined by formal ties (meetings) and informal ties (discussions
about contracts). The construction of the inter-organizational level corresponds to the process of
“coopetition” on this market (coacquisition, coproduction ...). The last level corresponds to all
macro-entities relevant for actors. The Linked design analysis allows us to articulate the multiplicity of
objectives and resources (personal, organizational or sectoral) that individuals face. In this perspective,
we examine first the different levels separately, to capture the structural interrelationships within each of
them. The second part of the process involves an articulation of these different levels to understand how
the coordination of objectives and resources of different levels determines both the strategies of actors
and their performance. The challenge is to understand how these different levels of analysis are
articulated to build and operate an emergent market.
Page 497
Abstract
Reexamination of Social Networks on Job Changes: the Case of Japanese Labor Market
Yusuke Inagaki
Yusuke Hayashi
Status, Work, Careers, Japan, Job Search, Social Networks
Since the latter half of 1990s, Japan has experienced economic recession and the Japanese
government tried to revive the economy by conducting structural reforms and deregulations. As the
result of such policies, the fluidity of the Japanese labor market has been higher and job turnovers have
increased.
We can distinguish job changers into two types by the reason of job change. One is voluntary job
changers who have originally relatively-high status and wide range social networks. The other is
involuntary job changers who forced to change job by external reason such as lay-off. They have
originally relatively-low status and narrow range social networks.
Many studies on the relationship between social networks and consequences of job changes have
conducted by Japanese researchers based on Granovetter’s theory “strength of weak ties,” which
emphasized the correlation between status attainment and weak ties of job changers. However, there is
a severe problem of sample selection. Most of these researches ignore the correlation between job
changer’s job and their networks. In this study, we investigate that what networks of job changers affect
positively their status after job changes with controlling that sample selection. We use work history data
during 1980-2005 from Japanese SSM (Social Stratification and Social Mobility Survey) dataset and
focus on the interaction effects between job changer’s status and the reason of job change on status
attainment.
Our analysis reveals that the strength of each network of job changers on their status after job change
depends on the circumstances. It is important to consider the combination between the reason of job
change and networks.
Page 498
Abstract
Relational Atmosphere and Performance in Team Sports
Fabrizio D'ovidio
Ego-centered Networks, Performance, Negative Ties, Team
How much does the performance of a sport team depend on the quality of the relationships among its
members, and between them and their coaches? In particular, how far is this performance influenced by
the existence of negative ties among these subjects, and by the overall structure of the network ensuing
from these relationships? The research, of which I would like to present some first results, precisely
intends to answer these questions, moving from the assumption that the quality of personal relationships
among members of a sport team should influence their individual performances, as well as the
performance of the whole team, and therefore the outcomes of its matches. This basic assumption has
been translated into a research project by means of several operational measures, that basically aim at
assessing i) the tone/sign of the professional and personal relationships among the members of the
team, as reported by each of them, and their coach; ii) the inter-dependency pattern among the roles
players should hold in the playing ground, as reported by experts and coaches; iii) the repeated
evaluation of the performance of individual players and the whole team, during an entire championship,
as reported by newspapers, experts and coaches. The research concerns a sample of athletic teams,
both male and female, belonging to sport specialities which require a limited number of players
(approximately 10/15 athletes for each team), such as basketball, volleyball, handball and water polo, in
order to allow for a complete survey of the existing relationships between all players and between them
and their coach.
Page 499
Abstract
Relational Components in the Formation of Electoral Publics
Klaus Liepelt
Lothar Krempel
Political Networks, Voting, Emerging Market
Electoral research has a long tradition in analyzing the Voter’s Choice, probing into personal behavior
which is based on information provided by representative samples of individuals. In respect to the
constitutional guarantees of individual citizenship in Western Democracies, this reseach tradition has
been particularly persistent. We propose to reconsider the widespread assumption that, for
understanding the formation of electoral publics, the individual elector should be the crucial unit of
analysis and that he or she should also be the only source of information on a collective electorate.
We will instead monitor the components that interact, and contribute with increasing contention to
coupling and decoupling a multitude of voter’s choices into a limited array of alternate collectivities
(“Electorates”), until the game will be called on Election Day. The emergent outcomes of these widely
self-organized processes that have produced the special mix of tomorrow’s body politique can be traced
from collective behavior marks which the big election event has left all over the political landscape.
Our units of analysis are small scale intra-party movements. By comparing local authority and precinct
voting data of the 2009 Federal Elections in Germany with preceding election results, we create a data
base of grass roots voting flows in a multi parti matrix (of 8x8). A block model analysis of this data will
help to detect equivalent local area networks that, on an aggregate level, have emerged as relevant
identities that measurably contribute to the final outcome. The empirical work is guided by Harrison
White’s Theory.
Page 500
Abstract
Relational and structural antecedents of multipoint competition
Francesca Pallotti
Daniele Mascia
Alessandro Lomi
Americo Cicchetti
Longitudinal, Inter-organizational Networks, Siena, Healthcare, Mutual Forbearence, Multimarket
Contact
Multipoint contact between organizations moderates the effects of economic competition by encouraging
mutual forbearance. Competitors may meet each other across multiple markets, product lines, customer
segments, or spatial locations. Almost regardless of the specific setting for the encounters, extant
research reveals that multipoint competitors enjoy a number of benefits such as, for example, increased
growth rates, experience improved survival chances, are able to charge higher prices, and control more
stable market share. These empirical regularities shift the focus of attention from the consequences of
multipoint competition to its antecedents. If competition across multiple markets is universally beneficial
why don’t all organizations increase their degree of multipoint contact with their rivals to share the
benefits of mutual forbearance? To address this question empirically, we use data that we have
collected on multipoint contact between hospitals across diagnostic categories during the period
2003-2007. We estimate dynamic actor-oriented models that specify the conditional probability of
change in multipoint contact as a function of the presence of collaborative network ties between
hospitals. Our empirical analysis reveals that organizations linked by network ties are significantly more
likely to seek multipoint contact. We find that this result holds after controlling for resource
complementarities and salient organizational differences. Finally, we show that the network structure
induced by multimarket contact is characterized by complex local dependencies determined by the
tendency of competitive relations to be reciprocated, and to be embedded within a variety of
extra-dyadic configurations. We conclude that access to the benefits of mutual forbearance that may
accrue to multipoint competitors is regulated by network-based processes of relational coordination.
Page 501
Abstract
Relational chains and multilevel networks from narrative data
Michel Grossetti
Dynamic Network Analysis, Mixed Methods, Entrepreneurship, Embeddedness, Multilevel Analysis,
Innovation
Relational chains analysis is a dynamic way of studying networks, different both from analysis of
personal networks and "complete" networks, which are mainly static. It consists in reconstructing the
chains of interpersonal relations that were activated in the process of connexion of persons who are not
already directly linked. Relational chains analysis is especially useful for studying access to resources,
like in the classic study of the job market by Mark Granovetter, and for estimating the level of
embeddedness in social networks. The communication will present a method which mixes oral history
techniques (crossed interviews) with quantitative analysis. Analyst writes cases histories on the basis of
interviews, send these histories to interviewees, which allows them to modify it. It is then possible to
code from this material different levels of histories (actors, personal networks, organizations, networks of
organizations, relational chains in processes of obtaining resources). The communication will present
two examples of studies of innovative activities when it allows to estimate a ratio of embeddedness in
social networks. In the first study, cases are collaborations between academic laboratories and firms
(110 cases), and in the second one, cases are creations of new innovative companies (53 firms, 110
founders, 870 sequences of access to resources).
Page 502
Abstract
Repairing Negative Relationships
Zuzana Sasovova
Filip Agneessens
Giuseppe Labianca
Network Dynamics, Affective Ties, Advice Network
Negative ties can have important consequences for the individuals involved and the work team in
general. In this paper we investigate under what conditions negative relations are more likely to be
repaired. Drawing on work in social networks and social psychology (e.g., cognitive balance theory) we
formulate a series of hypotheses, related to: 1) the centrality of the actors involved, 2) the (need for)
exchange of advice within the dyad, and 3) the way these actors are embedded in a triadic structure
(e.g., have common friends). Using longitudinal network data on negative ties, advice ties and friendship
relations among approximately 150 respondents from a health care organization we empirically test the
relative importance of each of these effects on the tendency of the actors to change their relation from
negative to non-negative. Given that the number of negative ties in this setting tended to increase over
time, we are viewing that tendency as evidence of a relationship that is in the process of being repaired.
Implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.
Page 503
Abstract
Representation of sociotechnical networks
Athena Piterou
Fred Steward
Innovation Networks, Actor Network Theory
The role of networks in innovation has been approached from both economic and sociological
approaches. Economic approaches view networks as an intermediate form of co-ordination between
markets and hierarchies. The sociological approach to innovation distinguishes between relational and
structural approaches. The paper suggests that actor-network theory provides support to the relational
approach by emphasising the radical indeterminacy of the actor: networks do not result from
collaboration between independent actors but configure their ontologies. Symbolic interactionism and
post-structuralism also lend support to the idea of agents as relational effects. Therefore the application
of social networks should take into account the fragile achievement of agency.
Innovation networks can be conceived as sociotechnical networks linking organisations and
technologies following the principle of symmetry between human and non-human actants. The
symmetrical treatment has implications for the coding and visualisation of network data. Actor-network
theory is not the only approach to consider the agency of non-humans but has proved more influential.
An additional point relates to networks as a form of representation. Actor-network theory advises caution
against conflating the form of a network with what is actually being represented. When social networks
and the related visualisation and analysis techniques are seen as a form of representation, it becomes
clearer how they make some realities prominent while they lead to the othering and absence of others.
Page 504
Abstract
Reputational evaluations within inter-organizational networks
Lucio Biggiero
Mario Basevi
Knowledge Networks, Communication Networks, Inter-organizational Networks, Aerospace Industry,
Structural Equivalence, Reputation
Reputation is one of the most important types of knowledge firms exchange in order to properly and
quickly access and select partners, clients and suppliers. When firms co-evolve in a small area as in
industrial clusters, they produce inter-organizational reputational networks. Through a field research the
reputational network of the aerospace industrial cluster of the Lazio Region (Italy) has been uncovered.
More specifically, it deals with the reciprocal reputation in terms of reliability, product quality, innovation
capacity, economic performance and social (relational) capital, which are key factors of competitiveness
in this industry. The reputational network is valued and directed.
Our paper aims at discover which firms have the same structure of reputation either as targets of the
evaluation or as evaluators. Both structural and regular equivalence measures have been applied, and
its findings compared. For in real data perfect structural equivalence is hardly to be found, it is more
useful to build classes of structural similarity. Like all the cluster analysis it is up to the researcher to
choose how many groups taking into account. We calculate the goodness of fit by computing the
distances of the correlation values among all firms in the same groups and then by comparing them with
the total distances of the correlation values among all firms.
Regular equivalence is less restrictive than the structural equivalence, and for it is not based on the
recursive application of correlation, a non-correlation type of goodness of fit has been used for finding
the best level of aggregation.
Page 505
Abstract
Response to Emailed Invitations: Sunbelt XXIX Online Survey
William B. Hansen
Eric L. Reese
Online Data Collection (Poster)
Network Survey, Email Invitation, Network Genie, Online Survey
At the conclusion of Sunbelt XXIX, 567 conference participants were emailed invitations to participate in
a social network survey. Participation was voluntary; invitations included a disclaimer that the survey
was not sponsored or endorsed by INSNA. Items asked participants (egos) to identify people with whom
they conversed at the conference (alters). Because not all attendees' names were included in the
conference spreadsheet, egos were allowed to add additional names that then became alters for
themselves and for all egos who subsequently logged on to complete the survey. After 9 days, 15% of
attendees had responded to the survey at which time a second email invitation was sent. This invitation
increased the response rate to 26% of attendees by the 17th day of survey administration. A final
invitation was sent to participants who had not yet started the survey on the 18th day. By the 25th day,
187 egos (33%) had participated. Of those invited, 15 (2.5%) made a formal request to be excluded
from participating in the survey as egos. Reasons for requesting exclusion were frequently given and
included the fact that they had not attended as well as time commitments to other activities. By the close
of the survey, 46 alters not originally listed had been added by egos, bringing the total of potential alters
to 613. Overall, the 187 egos had selected 509 alters as part of their conference network. The key
finding from the survey experience is the value of multiple invitations when completing online surveys
that include emailed invitations. Multiple invitations allowed us to double the number of participants in
this voluntary survey event.
Page 506
Abstract
Running well and looking good: The differential effect of different ties on internal and external
ratings of organizational performance
Brandon Ofem
Performance, Cognitive Social Structures, Interorganizational Networks
This paper presents a model linking two different types of ties to two measures of organizational
performance, internal and external ratings. The model proposes that ties of perceived similarity, in which
managers of one organization consider their organization to be similar to those of another, are directly
related to internal ratings of performance. Ties of visibility, a broad construct including all types of
operational relationships, relate directly to external ratings of performance. The model also holds that
external and internal ratings are related through a temporal dimension and that industry or
organizational field moderates each causal relationship. Its greatest contribution to organizational
science lies in its generalizability. The model applies to any organization operating in any domain. It is
also generative in that future research could explicate the boundary conditions under which the
proposed relationships are the strongest and weakest.
Page 507
Abstract
SEIZE THE MATE – How migration background impacts the perception and availability of
classmates as source for academic help
Lysann Zander-Music
Bettina Hannover
Gregory D. Webster
Adolescents, Academic Networks, Migration, Friendship Network, Alzheimer's Disease, Stereotypes
This study focuses three basic conditions of help exchange within the subject domain of mathematics
and seeks to clarify the role of students’ migration background (MB) in affecting these conditions.
Building on the presumption of an existing negative performance related stereotype pertaining to
students with MB, we predicted that within academic help networks, immigrant students would (1)
nominate less-competent classmates as preferred helpers and (2) hold fewer reciprocated ties than
students without MB. (3) We did not expect to find a difference between immigrant and non-immigrant
students in the quantity of alters asked for help. To test our predictions we analyzed the data of 1,008
9th graders (380 with MB) in 49 class networks. Multilevel analyses confirmed our predictions – even
when controlling for individual performance in a standardized mathematics test, affective evaluation of
the subject domain, self-efficacy in mathematics, socioeconomic status, and the percentage of students
with MB per classroom. Complementary analyses revealed that these findings were specific to helpnetworks: no such differences were found in students’ friendship-networks. Our findings can be
explained by an overestimation of the performance potential of non-MB students, thus supporting our
assumption that students with MB are subject to negative performance related stereotypes. Further
analyses will explore the intersection of ethnic boundaries and more advanced measures of information
centrality.
Page 508
Abstract
SNA meets ANT: A Dialogue between Two Modern Networks
Nick Srnicek
Actor Network Theory, Social Network Analysis, Political Networks
The purpose of this paper will be to bring into dialogue two separate modern analyses of networks: that
of social network analysis (SNA) and actor-network theory (ANT). This paper will fit in the larger context
of the proposed panel on the philosophy of networks, aiming to provide a series of conceptual links
between some of the main approaches to networks. The aim of such a session is to systematically
analyze the conceptual presuppositions of modern network analyses, uncovering possible paths for
future research and unacknowledged assumptions. In this context, while both SNA and ANT have highly
developed notions of the dynamics, nature and meaning of ‘networks’, there has been little
cross-disciplinary work between them. On the one hand, SNA has managed to formalize a number of
significant concepts about network structure, and has been able to illuminate a variety of unexpected
aspects of networks. On the other hand, ANT has detailed the philosophical implications of networks
and used them to critique the very idea of concepts like ‘nodes’. This paper will aim to bring these two
strengths together, showing how SNA can be used to formalize various concepts of ANT, while ANT can
be used to progressively extend SNA beyond its current limitations.
Page 509
Abstract
SNA methods in conservation biology: an overview
Ferenc Jordan
Network analysis is a classical tool in ecological research. As conservation practice and fisheries
ecology increasingly call for multispecies approaches, ecologists tend to develop new and import
classical techniques from social network analysis. In particular, centrality measures may well contribute
to quantifying the relative importance of species in ecological communities. In the talk, I overview how
are old and new centrality indices used in the quest for keystone species. In a case study, I present (1)
the importance of nodes and (2) groups of nodes, (3) the relationships between centrality measues
(based on ranks and distributions), (4) the effects of weighting an directing ecological networks, (5) the
overlap between nodal interaction structures and (6) importance measures derived by stochastic
dynamical simulations of food webs and hierarchical biological networks. I briefly discuss the main
similarities and differences between social and ecological network analysis.
Page 510
Abstract
SOCIAL CAPITAL IN HOTELLING FIRMS. THE DESIGN OF A MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT
Cristobal Casanueva
Angeles Gallego
M angeles Revilla
Social Capital, Resource Networks, Position Generator
Recent studies relativize the importance of network structure and the position of the actors with regard
to the benefits that they can take from their relations. It appears that the structure of the network plays
an instrumental role so that actors may access and mobilize resources that they do not possess and
that are valuable to them (Lin, 1999). A large part of the success of hotel firms is conditioned by their
ties with other organizations and individuals. Each hotelling firm will possess individual social capital
arising from its presence in different networks, which will allow it to access and to mobilize the external
resources needed to achieve competitive advantages. This work began with the aim of designing an
instrument based on the resource generator (Van der Gaar y Snijders, 2005) to measure the social
capital of hotelling firms. A review of the previous literature was performed to understand what types of
resources are essential for the success of the sector and, on the basis of an initial proposal, a
measurement instrument was designed through a procedure to reach consensus between a group of
experts in the sector. This tool establishes resources and categories of resources that firms usually
require from other organizations and individuals with which they maintain relations.
Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections. 22(1)
Van der Gaag, M.P.J. and Snijders, T.A.B. (2005). The Resource Generator: measurement of individual
social capital with concrete items. Social Networks. 27:1-29.
Page 511
Abstract
STRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF THE AUTO AND BANKING INDUSTRY COLLAPSES IN THE
UNITED STATES
Mary C. Still
Organization Theory, Interfirm Networks, Financial Sector, Elites
Could the recent downfall of the U.S. auto and financial industries be predicted by structural
characteristics of firms in the industries? Using originally collected data on 8000+ senior managers and
interfirm migration between Fortune 100 firms from1985-2001, this paper finds that firms in the auto
industry were highly central in the business community in the mid-80s, but became significantly less so
by 2001, whereas firms in the banking industry were less central in the 80s but became more central
over time. In particular, financial firms were high in brokerage centrality, suggesting they played a crucial
role in knitting the American business community together by the early 2000s. A speculated result of
such increasing cohesion amongst the larger business community is the diffusion of novel practices
such as investment in risky financial “innovations.” This paper concludes that the dramatic structural
changes that occurred in the two industries seems likely related to the calamities they experienced.
Page 512
Abstract
Searching Versus Solving, Network Structure, and Collective Problem Solving in Small Groups
Ethan Bernstein
Allan Friedman
David Lazer
Small World, Problem Solving, Organization Theory, Experiments, Network Structure, Exploration
Versus Exploitation
We report the results of an experiment investigating the role of network topology on the balance
between exploration and exploitation in group problem solving. Individuals in a group are all presented
with the same problem (predicting the details of an anticipated terrorist plot) and are given the capacity
to search for and share clues. (Searching is the analog to exploration; sharing to exploitation.) The
tradeoff we explore is between the need for the system to share information rapidly so that individuals
can have all of the clues they need to solve the problem, and the need to preserve a diversity of theories
among participants so as to increase the effectiveness of searching for new information. We examine
the balance between searching and sharing and the impact on performance for three types of network
structures with 16 actors each—caveman, centralized, and small world.
Page 513
Abstract
Selection and influence processes in gender segregated friendship networks
Liesbeth Mercken
Tom Snijders
Christian Steglich
Erkki Vartiainen
Hein D. Vries
Selection And Influence, Gender, Smoking, Youth Networks, Dynamic Networks, Friendship Formation
The main goal of this study was to examine differences between adolescent male and female friendship
networks regarding smoking-based selection and influence processes using newly developed social
network analysis methods that allow the current state of continuously changing friendship networks to
act as a dynamic constraint for changes in smoking behavior, while simultaneously allowing current
smoking behavior to be a dynamic constraint for changes in friendship networks. The sample consisted
out of 1163 adolescents in nine junior high schools in Finland that participated in the control group of the
ESFA (European Smoking prevention Framework Approach) study, including 605 males and 558
females. Smoking-based selection of friends was found in male as well as female networks. Support for
influence among friends was only found in female networks. Furthermore, females and males were both
influenced by parental smoking behavior. Prevention programs need to focus on the role of selection
processes besides paying attention to influence processes. Our results suggest that while females need
to learn to cope with peer influences, both males and females may benefit from reinforcing non-smoking
attitudes in order to increase the likelihood that they select non-smoking peers. Prevention programmes
should furthermore be combined with smoking cessation interventions for parents.
Page 514
Abstract
Semiosis and the Communication of Meaning in Social Networks
Loet Leydesdorff
Bibliometrics, Scientific Networks, Communication Networks, Meaning Networks, Scientometrics
Whereas human agents are able to communicate using language, words are communicated with
reference to meaning emerging from and reproduced by communications. Interactions among
communications generate a second-order network with a structure different from the first-order network
of relations among communicators. In scientific communication, for example, meaning is further codified
into discursive knowledge. Intellectual organization at this next-order level induces the shaping of
co-authorship relations at the social level.
Using (co-)citations, (co-)words and (co-)authorship relations, it can be shown that in scientific literature
co-authorship relations are volatile and incidental. However, the names of authors embedded in the
semiosis of other textual elements can be analyzed in terms of the dimensions of the networks of
relations among communications. The eigenvectors in these latent dimensions can be considered as
codes operating upon the communications as their intellectual structures.
Intellectual structures provide meaning to underlying relations. A meaning-processing system spans a
model in which the information-processi ng can be evaluated and thus generates redundancy (that is,
other possibilities). Interaction information among words, references, and author-names enables us to
measure both the information and redundancy communicated and therefore to assess the extent to
which meaning is communicated (as a difference between the information and redundancy
communicated). Using the communication among articles within a number of scientific journals in terms
of co-authorship relations, title words, and references, our results suggest that meaning is
communicated in terms of cited references, less so in terms of words, but strongly in terms of
combinations of words and author-names.
Page 515
Abstract
Sex Network Characteristics and High Risk Sexual Encounters among Rural Drug Users
Carrie B. Oser
Adam Jonas
Jennifer R. Havens
Egocentic Networks, HIV Risk, Sex Networks, Rural Communities
BACKGROUND: High-risk sexual behavior is a risk factor for HIV transmission. The purpose of this
study was to determine the contribution of sex network characteristics to engagement in high risk sexual
behaviors among rural drug users. METHODS: Data came from 308 participants residing in a rural
Appalachian county as part of the Social Networks of Appalachian People (SNAP) study. Participants
were asked to name those with whom they had sex with in the six months prior to the baseline interview.
Named individuals were verified before being entered into the sex matrix. Sociometric and egocentric
variables were then calculated based on the completed sex network. The dependent variable of interest
was the number of unprotected sexual encounters in the prior 30 days which was modeled using
zero-inflated negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Of 308 participants, 40% were women. The
majority of the sample were white (93.2%), had at least 12 years of education (58.4%), and had an
average age of 32.6 years. Participants reported an average of four sex partners in their ego network.
Most (79.9%) reported at least one unprotected sexual encounter in the prior 30 days. Adjusting for age,
race and gender, greater outdegree centrality was associated with an increased number of unprotected
sexual encounters (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.24). CONCLUSIONS: This study
is the first to examine sex risk, including sex and social network factors among rural Appalachian drug
users. Future studies are needed to examine how social network factors may affect HIV transmission.
Page 516
Abstract
Sexual affiliation networks of swingers and the spread of sexually transmitted infections, the
two-mode approach.
Anne-Marie Niekamp
Christian J. Hoebe
Nicole H. Dukers-Muijrers
Two-mode Data, ERGM/P*, Infectious Disease, Block Model Analysis, Sex Networks, Affiliation
Networks
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) spread through sexual networks. The sexual networks of swingers,
i.e. heterosexual couples whom as a couple have sex with others, are formed at specific venues. These
venues include physical places, e.g. swingers clubs or erotic parties and virtual venues such as dating
websites. The ties between swingers and such venues form (two-mode) sexual affiliation networks.
The aim of our SWAP (Swingers World Attitude and Practice) study, a prospective cohort study, is to
map the social and sexual networks of swingers in relation to the spread of STI. In this paper two-mode
data of the first cohort measurement (100 swingers, 11 websites and 25 clubs) will be presented. It is
hypothesized that sexual affiliation networks are associated with and influence knowledge and
perceptions about STI and safe sex, risk behavior and the spread of STI in swingers. These
associations will be described (using descriptive social network methods and blockmodeling) and tested
(using ERGM).
We will demonstrate that besides studying 1-mode sexual networks, the study of affiliation sexual
networks is useful to map sexual risk behavior and the spread of STI. The results of this kind of studies
can be helpful in defining subgroups at high risk and developing effective prevention strategies
regarding STI.
Page 517
Abstract
Sexual networks and STI transmission: Merging network structure applied in a linear framework
and dynamic network similation
Deven T. Hamilton
HIV/STD, Simulation, Sex Networks, Dynamic Networks
The importance of sexual network structure in the transmission dynamics of STI has become
increasingly clear over the last two decades. However, the inherent difficulties in the collection of sexual
network data and the somewhat abstract nature of network simulations have lead to a disconnect
between more traditional linear modeling approaches and network simulation studies. In this paper I
focus on two key components for understanding the impact of network structure on STI prevalence,
concurrency and assortative mixing. I attempt to bridge the gap between linear models and simulation
by incorporating these elements of network structure in to a linear framework using egocentrically
sampled data to inform an imputation process that generates the unobserved network location data. The
same data are then used to inform a dynamic simulation. The simulated network is then sampled and
evaluated in the same fashion as the original egocentric data, including the imputation process, in order
to cross validate the empirical finding from both modeling approaches. The cross validation of
observable and equivalent elements of the two approaches is then used to support finding only
observable through simulation.
Page 518
Abstract
Signed Networks in Social Media
Jure Leskovec
Daniel Huttenlocher
Jon Kleinberg
Theory, Status, Structural Balance, Theology, Internet/www, Signed Networks
Relations between users on social media sites often reflect a mixture of
positive (friendly) and negative (antagonistic) interactions. In contrast to
the bulk of research on social networks that has focused almost exclusively on
positive interpretations of links between people, we study how the interplay
between positive and negative relationships affects the structure of on-line
social networks. We connect our analyses to theories of signed networks from
social psychology. We find that the classical theory of structural balance
tends to capture certain common patterns of interaction, but that it is also at
odds with some of the fundamental phenomena we observe --- particularly related
to the evolving, directed nature of these on-line networks.
We then develop an alternate theory of status that better
explains the observed edge signs and provides insights into the
underlying social mechanisms. Our work provides one of the first
large-scale evaluations of theories of signed networks using on-line
datasets, as well as providing a perspective for reasoning about
social media sites.
Page 519
Abstract
Simulations of hierarchies and regional effects In worldwide air traffic networks
Daniele Ietri
Céline Rozenblat
Simulation, Network Analysis, Transnational Networks, Hierarchical Models, Geography, Transportation
For the last 20 years, worldwide airflows have been developing under the triple effects of technical
improvements of aircrafts and airports, re-organization of companies under the constraint of
deregulation, and increasing demand from society to travel more for business and for leisure.
Conversely, this growth of airflows has got an effect on the development of cities.
The uneven degrees of direct or indirect integration of airports into the air traffics evolve under at least
three processes, which has been effectively pointed out implementing network analyses:
1- a diffusion of the networks among a growing number of airports;
2- an increasing hierarchies of airports, creating hubs which attract new links through the “preferential
attachment” process. It results a well-known structure of “scale free network” (Albers, Barabasi, 1998).
3- a cohesive integration by continent, growing faster than the integration at the global scale.
Starting from empirical evidences of the worldwide air traffics evolution from 1975 to 2008, the paper
proposes to evaluate the three processes and to test their joint effect. An Agent Based simulation model
will be developed, including both cities (airports) and routes. A set of different hypotheses for the future
development of the air traffic network will be tested in the model, in order to underline the effects on the
system structure dynamic.
Page 520
Abstract
Snapshot or movie: How sampling methods bias dolphin social network metrics
Margaret Stanton
Janet Mann
Quincy A. Gibson
Brooke L. Sargeant
Lars Bejder
Sampling, Egocentic Networks, Data Collection, Animal Networks, Bias Correction, Observation
Threshold
Social network analysis is an increasingly popular technique for quantifying animal societies that
provides important insight into studies of cooperation, disease transmission, and anthropogenic
disturbance. However, the influence of behavioral sampling method on network metrics remains
relatively unexplored. Most animal networks are constructed from independent sightings (surveys) of
shared group membership. However, dyadic analyses indicate that animal focal follows (systematic
sampling of a focal individual’s associations over longer periods of time) provide greater detail in terms
of individual social variation. In this study we compare the size, density, and heterogeneity of 31 adult
female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops sp.) ego networks built using survey and focal sampling methods.
This subset of well-studied females is part of a long-term bottlenose dolphin study in Shark Bay,
Australia that has monitored >1200 individuals for the last 25 years. Additionally, our previous findings
show that dolphin social network metrics vary significantly depending on the minimum observation
threshold required for individual inclusion in the network. Restriction to individuals with more
observations may increase accuracy and identify biologically relevant relationships, but potentially
biases against less sociable individuals. We investigate the implications of observation threshold when
constructing the above ego networks by creating multiple ego networks for each dolphin using an
increasing number of observations randomly sampled from the dataset. Addressing the biases of
sampling method and observation threshold is a critical first step in understanding the resulting
limitations of inference and prediction.
Page 521
Abstract
Sobre Trajetórias de sociabilidades de portadores de transtorno mental: estudo empirico com
usuários CAPS do Ceará, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Sul
Breno Fontes
Social Support, Mental Health
Diversos estudos têm ressaltado a importância da (re)construção das redes de sociabilidade dos
portadores de transtorno mental enquanto instrumento terapêutico. Fato decorrente da natureza da
doença mental, a perda de importantes laços de sociabilidade provoca estigma e exclusão social.
Círculos sociais normalmente presentes em sociabilidades cotidianas como vizinhança, colegas de
trabalho, inserções em clubes e associações voluntárias são visivelmente enfraquecidos quando do
adoecimento. O retraimento da vida social talvez seja a consequencia mais visível – e provavelmente
uma das sequelas mais importantes dos que enfrentam o sofrimento psíquico. O modelo de atenção e
cuidado do portador de transtorno mental no Brasil tem por objetivo principal – e também característica
fundamental que o distingue do que o precede, o hospitalocêntro – a reinserção social do portador de
transtorno mental a partir de práticas terapêuticas articuladas com a comunidade (a partir das famílias,
das redes associativas do território e das Instituições da sociedade civil que estejam ligadas ao
problema da loucura). Pretende-se, em associação com campos de sociabilidade presentes no
cotidiano e território dos assistidos, o enfrentamento do sofrimento psiquíco a partir da (re)construção
dos laços de sociabilidade. Estas questões serão discutidas neste texto a partir de pesquisa empirica
realizada usuário CAPS (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial) de três estados brasileiros, Pernambuco,
Ceará e Rio Grande do Sul. Experiências diversas, incluindo trajetórias profissionais, configurações
sócio-culturais distintas, ao lado de um padrão organizativo único – o formato CAPS de assistência ao
transtorno mental – nos permite, de um lado, verificar a eficácia deste modelo e, por outro, colocar
algumas questões sobre as sociabilidades dos usuários CAPS a partir de suas redes sociais. Os dados
empíricos provêm de questionários, aplicados com usuários CAPS e entrevistas com familiares destas
pessoas, e técnicos dos CAPS pesquisados.
Page 522
Abstract
Social Bookmarking Systems: Verbosity Improves Semantics
Christian Körner
Dominik Benz
Andreas Hotho
Markus Strohmaier
Gerd Stumme
Collaboration, Tagging, Tacit Knowledge, Semantic Networks, Emergent Semantics, Folksonomies
Recent research provides evidence for the presence of emergent
semantics in collaborative tagging systems. While several methods
have been proposed, little is known about the factors that influence
the evolution of semantic structures in these systems. A natural
hypothesis is that the quality of the emergent semantics depends on
the pragmatics of tagging: Users with certain usage patterns might
contribute more to the resulting semantics than others.
We propose several measures which enable a pragmatic differentiation
of taggers by their degree of contribution to emerging semantic
structures. We distinguish between "categorizers", who typically use
a small set of tags as a replacement for hierarchical classification
schemes, and "describers", who are annotating resources with a
wealth of freely associated, descriptive keywords. To study our
hypothesis, we apply semantic similarity measures to 64 different
partitions of a real-world and large-scale folksonomy containing
different ratios of categorizers and describers. Our results not
only show that 'verbose' taggers are most useful for the emergence
of tag semantics, but also that a subset containing only 40 % of
the most 'verbose' taggers can produce results that match and even
outperform the semantic precision obtained from the whole dataset.
Moreover, the results suggest that there exists a causal link
between the pragmatics of tagging and resulting emergent semantics.
This work is relevant for designers and analysts of tagging systems
interested (i) in fostering the semantic development of their
platforms, (ii) in identifying users introducing "semantic noise",
and (iii) in learning ontologies.
Page 523
Abstract
Social Capital and Economic Integration of Migrants in Urban China
Yao Lu
Danching Ruan
Gina Lai
This research examines the role of social capital in income and income inequality in Chinese urban
labor market in the context of massive internal migration and intensifying market reforms. Despite some
speculation that the acceleration of a rational market economy in China may diminish the importance of
social networks in Chinese society, we find a strong enduring income returns to social capital, as
measured by position generators that reflect both the diversity as well as status of individual’s social
ties. Coupled with stark social exclusion facing migrants, social capital reinforces the income
stratification hierarchies in urban China between rural migrants and urbanites. This research also
reveals some complex variations in the role of social capital. Strong ties continue to assume greater
importance than weak ties in similar ways as in the early stages of market transition. In addition to their
capital deficits, migrants seem to experience return deficits as they garner significantly fewer returns
from social connections with urbanites and high status ties than do urban residents. The network effects
are particularly powerful for the self-employed, whose network connections can offer structural as well
as instrumental opportunities. Overall, these results document social capital as an important mechanism
for the labor market process and for reproducing systems of socioeconomic stratification in China, a
transitional economy undergoing high levels of inefficiency and uncertainty as a result of the
co-existence of the redistributive and market institutions.
Page 524
Abstract
Social Capital and Indigenous Entrepreneurs in Toronto: Keeping the Old, Working in the New
Rochelle R. Côté
Social Capital, Position Generator, Indigenous
Social capital research on ethnic minorities in North America has centered exclusively on immigrant and
African-American communities, while overlooking the case of Indigenous Peoples. This community,
while the product of racialized discrimination and active programs of forced assimilation leading to a
host of social problems, has a burgeoning middle class with increasing participation in mainstream
markets as entrepreneurs. Through an in-depth study of eighty entrepreneurs in Toronto, Canada’s
Indigenous community, results show that despite these barriers, entrepreneurs do develop diverse ties
within the mainstream while maintaining equally diverse ties within their community. A modified position
generator measuring the diversity of ties to high and low prestige occupations, men, women, Indigenous
Peoples, Europeans and non-Europeans, provides a unique measure of social capital for this ethnic
minority. While factors such as education, age and membership in voluntary associations have been
traditionally associated with diverse social capital, analyses show that different kinds of cultural capital,
known as informal knowledge and participation in cultural activities, play a significant role in creating
diverse ties to ethnic groups, men and women, suggesting a link between what you know and who you
get to know.
Page 525
Abstract
Social Capital and Violence in the Philippines
Philip Murphy
Nancy Roberts
Social Capital, Spatial Analysis, Multilevel Analysis, Ethnic Relations, Conflict
Social capital continues to be a topic of great interest to researchers in the social sciences. A variety of
measures and approaches have been applied to understanding and measuring the concept. However,
little research has been devoted to investigating the effect of social capital on other important aspects of
societal functioning, in particular, the relationship between social capital and violent conflict. This
research explores the extent to which the development of social capital may reduce conflict, both within
and between groups, in an area or region. Our metrics on social capital are drawn from the 2001
International Social Survey Programme (ISPP) “Social Networks II - Philippines” survey, and our
measures of violent conflict are drawn from data collected in 2001 as part of the Empirical Study of
Conflict (ESOC) project on the Philippines. Geospatial analysis is conducted at the at the city and
precinct levels using a variety of weighted network measures to ascertain the relationship between
social capital and violent conflict in a country that is recognized for its recent ethnic and religiously
charged violence.
Page 526
Abstract
Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital--the Case of Rural Students in Contemporary
China
Kayi Fung
Danching Ruan
Social Capital, Education
The current study examines the educational attainment in the conceptual framework of social capital,
started by James Coleman. The current study contributes to this line of research by examining the
educational achievement process of rural students in China. In the summer of 2008, we conducted
in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students, from two most prestigious universities in
China—Peking University and Tsinghua University. They all come from a rural family. Given the extreme
social and economic disadvantages suffered by residents in rural China, these students represent very
rare successful cases. But, it is these “extreme” cases that could give us a chance to clearly
demonstrate the power of social capital. Our findings show that these students have never walked alone
in this long journey from a small village to the top university in China. Along the way, they have received
tangible as well as intangible support from their parents, teachers, and classmates, who, in turn,
mobilize resources from their social network, when they themselves do not possess such resources. In
other words, the “final achievement” here is not an individual achievement, but a collective one.
Page 527
Abstract
Social Capital of Volunteers of A Classical Music Festival: How Is It Related with Participation in
Other Events and Activities?
Ryuhei Tsuji
Koji Hasegawa
Social Capital, Position Generator, Community
Saito Kinen Festival (SKF) is one of the most-known classical music festivals in Japan, directed by a
conductor Seiji Ozawa. The SKF is supported by more than 300 volunteers every year.
Our question is whether one’s participation in SKF as a volunteer will encourage him/her to participate in
other events or activities in their local community or city.
We conducted a survey in the volunteers group. The questionnaire included 17 position generators, the
questions of participation in the events or activities in their community and city, and other questions.
The results of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis show the following.
1) According to the analysis of the position generators, three indices, such as (1) the total number of
accessible persons, (2) the maximal prestige score among the accessible positions, and (3) the
accessible range of positions (max - min), construct one factor. Thus, we call the factor "social capital"
factor.
2) As social capital increases, their participation in the events held in art or natural museums does not
increase.
3) As social capital increases, their participation in the community activities and the other volunteer
activities increases.
Those findings indicate that one’s volunteer activity in a field equally encourages his/her participation in
the similar events or activities, but s/he may need existence of different kinds of people in his/her
network to participate in other types of events or activities.
Page 528
Abstract
Social Distance, Social Networks and Adolescent Academic Performance
Ming-Yi Chang
Yeu-Sheng Hsieh
Adolescents, Friendship Network, Peer Influence, Classroom, Social Distance
Blau(1977,1989) highlighted the importance of the properties of social space on shaping social
interactions which then might modify individuals’ personal behaviors and collective behaviors. Adapting
data from Taiwan Youth Project (TYP), with individual and complete network data from a variety of
school classes, we intend to examine micro and macro issue of Blau’s theory in school context. The
purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of different dimensions of social distances and social
networks on students’ performance at different level, how micro and macro social distance influence
students’ friends making in school classes and then further alters students’ behaviors. Network
autocorrelation model will be incorporated with multilevel analysis to investigate how students’ individual
and collective behaviors are shaped in the social space of classroom. Further discussions will be
provided to discuss about the theoretical implications.
Page 529
Abstract
Social Dynamics of Interdisciplinary Research: Implications for Organizations
Sebastian Ulbrich
Andrea Knecht
Christoph Clases
Homophily, Intra-organizational Networks, Collaboration, Siena, Interdisciplinarity
In this paper, we focus on the dynamics of communication and support networks of scholars at an
Institute for Advanced Study. We apply actor-oriented modeling for longitudinal network analysis and
qualitative research methods to explore effects of institutional and individual characteristics on network
formation and scientific collaboration. At the organizational level, homophily with regard to hierarchical
status affected the formation of interdisciplinary communication ties whereas institutional background
was found to have an effect on the formation of support ties. Both networks were influenced by method
and gender homophily. At the individual level, we describe two paths to creating interdisciplinary
research collaborations. Quantitative data were backed by field observations and in-depth interviews.
We discuss the implications of these findings for the organization of interdisciplinary research.
Page 530
Abstract
Social Identification and Group Solidarity: Does “Subgroup Membership” Matter in Adolescents’
Educational Expectation?
I-Chien Chen
Yeu-Sheng Hsieh
Adolescents, Social Cohesion, Social Influence, Social Identification, Group Solidarity
“Group Solidarity” is one of the fundamental of social phenomena, but it is few systematic understanding
of how solidarity influences human behaviors, particular on adolescents. “Subgroups” is a salient context
in school and play crucial roles in shaping goals, beliefs, values and attitudes for adolescents. The
membership of subgroup is an appropriate approach to capture the phenomena of the individual is both
a link within group and a rational actor between groups norm. Accordingly, how does membership
influence members’ behavior and attitude? And how do members response to the group norm? In this
study, I try to examine that how previous subgroup membership influences educational expectation
through intra-group processes among Taiwanese adolescents.
This study uses the longitudinal social network data of adolescents for two years (grade 8 to 9) and
KliqueFinder algorithm (Frank 1995) to identify cohesive subgroups based on the pattern of friendship
tie and elucidate the influence of subgroups membership on adolescents’ behaviors and attitudes. The
data for this study are obtained from Taiwan Youth Project (TYP) with 2675 adolescents in 76 school
classes.
Page 531
Abstract
Social Influence and Environmentally Sustainable Land Management in Australia
Dean Lusher
David Tucker
Melissa Green
Lorraine Bates
Garry Robins
Philippa Pattison
Exponential Random Graph Models, Social Influence, Climate Adaptation
n Australia, recognition of the effects of climate change has lead to increased attention and prominence
on possible climate adaptive responses. In particular, there is an increasing awareness on informal
information flow and people’s utilization of their own social resources. This study focuses on
understanding the links between natural resource management and social processes influencing land
management behaviours. Using snowball sampling to collect farming information networks, we fitted
autoregressive actor attribute models, based on exponential random graph models, to predict farming
practices. We examine the flow of farming information and the uptake of sustainable and unsustainable
land management practices (LMP) amongst 134 individuals in rural south-eastern Australia. For
sustainable LMP it was hypothesised that increased levels of connectedness between people would be
lead to the implementation of more sustainable practices amongst network partners. However, results
demonstrated that social connectedness in networks did not show increased likelihood of sustainable
LMP. Instead, the only significant predictor of sustainable LMP was being connected to someone who
owned a number of properties, although owning multiple properties oneself did not itself lead to more
sustainable LMP. This finding suggests that diversity of information sources might play a role in
increasing the incidence of sustainable land management behaviours. A secondary analysis was based
upon an examination of unsustainable land management practices for the same information network.
Results indicate that being isolated from others did lead to less desirable land management practices.
Taken together, the results from this exploratory study of both sustainable and less sustainable land
management practices indicate that fostering increased connectedness within agricultural communities
may not significantly increase the adoption of sustainable land management practices, but that diversity
of information may be very important. However, with reduced connectedness the likelihood of
unsustainable practice is significantly increased, and as such increasing connectedness may be an
effective mechanism to break cycles of unsustainable behaviour.
Page 532
Abstract
Social Influence and the Autism Epidemic
Ka-Yuet Liu
Marissa King
Peter Bearman
Geographic and Social Space (Poster)
Diffusion, Space, Knowledge Flows, Personal Networks, Community Networks, Autism
Despite a plethora of studies, we do not know why autism incidence has increased so rapidly over the
past two decades. Using a longitudinal, population-based dataset from California (953,622
person-years), this study shows that children living in very close proximity to a child previously
diagnosed with autism are more likely than children living farther away to subsequently be diagnosed
with the disorder. We show that an underlying social influence mechanism involving the diffusion of
information drives this result. The diffusion process is mediated by homophily and community-level
factors. We rule out competing explanations, i.e., residential sorting, environmental toxins and viral
transmission, through a series of seven tests. Our analyses show that information diffusion
simultaneously contributed to the increased prevalence of autism, spatial clustering of autism cases,
and decreasing age of diagnosis for autism. The social influence mechanism we identify contributes to
16% of the increase in measured prevalence over the period between 2000 and 2005.
Page 533
Abstract
Social Influence in Policy Networks: A Simulation
Stephen Bird
Social Influence, Policy Networks, Decision-making Structures
Social influence in policy networks is not well understood. Primarily studied via social network analysis,
previous work has focused primarily on reputational influence, organizational influence, or emphasized
institutional power. In this research, 145 students took part in a six week long intensive policy network
simulation designed to reveal interpersonal influence processes in policy networks, with an emphasis on
structural and psychological variables, and controlling for hierarchical power. The use of two stage
longitudinal data helps address concerns for self-selection and causality. Results demonstrate unique
aspects of the task-oriented context of policy networks. The importance of expertise and temporal
proximity instead of charisma, homophily, or social relationships are analyzed.
Page 534
Abstract
Social Interaction as Incentive to Parenthood
Laura Bernardi
Francesco Giudici
Social Influence, Life Cycle, Ego-centered Networks, Family, Fertility
Changes in fertility behaviour, fertility decline and parenthood postponement, are usually explained with
changes in individual characteristics (like the level of education, the employment situation, the stability of
partnership) or institutional characteristics (like extended education, labour market insecurity, gender
system, family policies). Despite social theory claim the important mediating role played by social
interaction and social influence in personal networks on the way public and private institution affect
individuals’ behaviour, empirical research on fertility rarely takes this level of analysis into account. One
major reason for that is the lack of appropriate data to test and measure the effect of social influence
mechanisms.
This paper takes advantage of an innovative representative survey dataset to explore the extent to
which everyday social interactions influence individual intentions to have a child and the timing of
parenthood. The “Rostock Social Networks and Fertility” survey “includes a sample of 500 childless men
and women, aged between 20 and 30 and living in an eastern German city. The survey includes
standard information on the employment, union, migration, and family history of each respondent and
innovative module on their personal networks and its composition. Our preliminary analyses show that
both social networks structure and composition exercise an influence on women’s and men’s intentions
to have a child.
Results show that, controlling for a number of individual characteristics (education, employment, age),
and union characteristics (union duration, co-residence), a higher social network density as well as a
larger share of small children (below three) in the network increase the likelihood that respondents
express the intention to have a child within two years. We discuss these results in the light of social
influence and social control theories.
Page 535
Abstract
Social Network Analysis (SNA) advantages in tuberculosis (TB) control in high TB incidence
community in Saskatchewan.
A Al-Azem
V Hoeppner
N Osgood
Infectious Disease, Public Health, Social Network Analysis, Tuberculosis
Introduction
Between 1986 and 2008 there were 2998 TB cases in Saskatchewan. Most of the cases were (84%)
First nation people (63% Indian, and 22% Métis). The remaining were Caucasians 9% and Foreign born
7% cases.
Method
Social Network Analysis (SNA) was used in high TB incidence community in Saskatchewan (community
1) to identify people at high risk of TB development.
Results
Community 1 reported 67 TB cases (2001-07). The number of people in the network was 633: 74 had
TB; 357 were skin test (TST) positive without TB; 202 were TST negative. There were 983 connections
within the network. The network density was 0.005. Table 1 lists the categories within the SN.
Table 1. Percent of people with TB, TST+ without TB, TSTNo. Contacts No. People % TB % TST+ %TST- Ave. Degree N0.Connection
All 633 12 56 32 3.1 983
1* 238 21 60 19 4.9 591
2* 103 33 54 13 6.2 323
3* 51 51 45 4 6.5 167
4* 8 75 25 0 6.0 24
*Each person in the network should have this number of contacts or higher.
Conclusion:
Since the risk of TB increases with the number of contacts with TB, the highest priority for treatment of
LTBI should begin with people having contact with ≥4 contacts. This category had 2 of 8 contacts
at the age of 34 or older that developed TB. Since the risk benefit of the older contact to multiple cases
of TB favours treatment of LTBI, the age cutoff for treatment of LTBI needs to be reconsidered.
Page 536
Abstract
Social Network Analysis and Ethnography: Complementary Tools to Analyze Real-life Behavior
Mark S. Fleisher
Andrew V. Papachristos
Exponential Random Graph Models, Adolescents, Mixed Methods, Gangs
This paper discusses the union of field ethnography and the collection of social network data. Fleisher’s
1995 ethnography (Dead End Kids, U of Wisconsin Press) studied a co-ed street gang, the Fremont
Hustlers, in Kansas City, Missouri, and chronicled the life course and personal networks of two
adolescent females over an 18-month period. Relational data on more than 30 close and best friends,
casual acquaintances, ‘enemies,’ lovers, and crime partners are extracted from the ethnographic
account to analyze how various types of social networks and nodal attributes contribute to tie formation
and clustering within the gang. Particular attention is paid to gender-mixing and inter- and intra-gang
relationships as well as the normative dimensions responsible for the observed network structure. Our
results suggest that social network models—but especially exponential random graph models—provide
new insights into the lives of the youth in the original study. Conversely, the ethnographic data permit
more nuanced interpretations of network structures and parameters. Authors discuss the mutual value
of analyzing ethnographic data using network techniques and conducting ethnography with an eye
towards relational data.
Page 537
Abstract
Social Network Analysis in the German Cooperative Banking Group
Anna Poser
Social Capital, Inter-organizational Networks, Intra-organizational Networks, Ego-centered Networks,
Financial Sector, Vennmaker
Coordination and work increasingly occurs through informal relationship networks rather than through
formal structures such as organizational charts or prescribed work processes in value chains. These
hidden work performances are invisible at first glance, however, they have an underestimated
economical effect on the internal organization of companies, cooperation between companies, as well
as business processes and business models. Often currently neglected in economic approaches,
efficient social infrastructures are important for success of work-sharing systems and decentralized
structures, particularly with regard to the organization of relationship-intensi ve banking services.
Through social network analysis this study maps relationship patterns and personal skills from subset
members of the German cooperative banking group. The identification of influential roles, critical
players, weak and strong points based on calculable network measures, turns soft facts into hard facts
and accordingly contributes to quantify social capital for economical models as well as managerial
implications. Moreover, using the new software tool VennMaker (refer to workshop #8 at SunBelt XXX)
makes it possible to graphically delineate relationships between employees, leaders and units, at the
same time validating and evaluating the network together with the interview partner. The study
combines aspects of quantitative, qualitative and participative network analysis. In addition,
simultaneous data collection, visualization, feedback and discussion of solutions make this new
participatory method applicable in consulting contexts.
Page 538
Abstract
Social Network Analysis of Political Campain Coverage
Wouter Van-Atteveldt
Christine Moser
Public Opinion, Political Networks, Testing Networks, Semantic Networks, Newspaper Articles
In Semantic Network Analysis, networks of conflict and cooperation
between actors are extracted from texts. In political analysis, such
networks can be used to understand political discourse, and to explain
or predict changes in external variables such as voting
intention. Such networks can also be used as input for Social Network
Analysis (SNA), allowing us to calculate for example the centrality of
actors in the political network. A problem with combining social and
semantic network analysis is that SNA is mainly concerned with the
existence of relations, while Semantic Analysis is focused on the
contents or characteristics of relations. In campaign coverage, most
of the actor relations are negative, and especially in multi-party
systems such as the Netherlands the patterns of criticism are an
important part of the political discourse.
This study will conduct a SNA based on the
negative actor relations from Semantic Network data extracted manually
from four different Dutch elections from 1998 until 2006. Besides
showing whether various SNA measures make sense from a
substantive perspective, we investigate whether they can be
related to changes in public opinion. The large dataset employed
by this study, which contains over 10,000 extracted relations
between actors and is linked to pulic opinion data, can show
whether different SNA measures can be used to explain voting
intention even while controlling for established concepts such
as visibility and bandwagon effects.
Page 539
Abstract
Social Network Analysis of various kinds of Networks on Twitter
Takeshi Sakaki
Yutaka Matsuo
Social Networks On The Web, Social Network Analysis, Twitter Networks
Microblogging services are a social media platform in which users post their current states as a short
text, similar to instant messaging (IM). Recently, microblogging services, including Twitter, have become
extremely popular.
On Twitter system, “Follow” action is very important. “Following someone” on Twitter means getting their
updates on your homepage of Twitter. In other words, “following” means that a user is interested in
another user. Several researchers have done analysis of following networks on Twitter.
However, Twitter has many kind of functions and many kinds of relationships among users. In this
paper, we focus on networks among Twitter users other than a“following network” and do analysis of
those networks using methods of social network analysis. And we reveal characteristics of networks
onTwitter.
Page 540
Abstract
Social Network Reorganization Post-Disturbance: A New Orleans Case Study
Joshua A. Lewis
Brittany M. Bernik
Social Network Analysis, Adaptive Capacity, Disruptive Events, Urban Neighbourhoods,
Social-ecological Networks
In the chaos and uncertainty following hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, a core group of activists and
social movement organizations in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans recruited and mobilized an
extensive network of environmental organizations, universities, charitable organizations, and other
resources to aid in the neighborhood’s recovery. An environmental emphasis in this recovery effort
arose, and sets the neighborhood apart from many others that have little focus on sustainability. We
used data collected by interviewing members of these bodies to reconstruct relationships before and
after the storm event. The community formerly exhibited dense social relations, relative isolation, and
few ties to major environmental organizations. The disturbance dismantled this network, generated
resources for a minority of individuals and groups with a modern conception of environmental
sustainability, and mobilized outside agents supporting green initiatives in the community. The
neighborhood’s recovery efforts reveal how key network positions were able to capitalize on
international visibility during the social network’s reorganization following Katrina. These actors
increased ties to outside resources and now work to radically change the built environment of the Lower
Ninth Ward, as well as its relationship to surrounding ecosystems. The structure of the emerging
network shows relationships being formed between people and their environment, and cooperation
between groups setting social-ecological interactions as a priority. This demonstrates how network
disturbance allows structural reorganization around key positions, in this case creating what might be a
more resilient social-ecological system.
Page 541
Abstract
Social Network-based Marketing: Discovering the Relationship Between Homophily,
Word-of-Mouth Recommendations, Awareness, and Advertising on Application Adoption and
Diffusion Using Facebook
Shawndra Hill
Friendship Ties, Social Network-based Marketing
Consumer network data can be incorporated into predictive models to improve business outcomes. We
previously showed that explicit consumer network data is valuable for predictions in areas such as
targeted marketing. Here, we developed a novel Facebook-based platform to address why (homophily,
word of mouth, awareness and advertising) social networking–based marketing is so effective. We
found that the link type matters: for example, users invited by a significant other adopted the product
87.5% of the time. In addition, we find that word of mouth recommendations are orders of magnitudes
more effective than non-targeted advertising. Our main contribution is a platform to track where
application adopters arrive from. Second, we provide new evidence that explicit social network–based
advertising works in the application adoption context. To our knowledge, our platform for tracking
word-of-mouth and advertising linked to explicit social networks is the first of its kind, and should
revolutionize our understanding of what makes social network–based marketing effective.
Page 542
Abstract
Social Networks and Happiness
Anna Ramon
Josep A. Rodriguez
Liliana Arroyo
Community (Lecture)
Social Network Analysis, Small Communities, Social Networks And Happiness, Community Networks
There seems to be strong relation between networks and happiness and some research indicates that
networks are a spreading system for happiness. In this paper we try to see the impact of the network
position and network behavior of individuals in their happiness.
In this paper we are analyzing the relation between networks and happiness using different individual
and group based network indicators and the level of happiness of a closed community. We want to see
the impact of networks on happiness as well as the impact of happiness on networks.
In order to asses this we applied two surveys (one of them is a valued and behavioral database with
individual data and the other one which is relational) to the lay Buddhist community of the Sakya Tashi
Ling Buddhist Monastery in Barcelona, Spain.
Page 543
Abstract
Social Networks and Online Charitable Giving
Lauren A. Rhue
Arun Sundararajan
This study investigates how different forms of social influence affect online charitable giving at a
web-based non-profit organization that facilitates donations to public schools across the United States.
Our theoretical basis integrates ideas from prior research about social effects on charitable giving, peer
influence in social networks, and automated targeted recommendations based on local network
structure. Our framework specifies three dimensions of an online network that affect its influence: (1) the
extent of the network’s visibility to consumers, (2) the ”closeness” embodied in a link, or whether it
represent “social” ties as opposed to representing shared interests/ preferences, and (3) the strength of
these ties. We test our framework using data comprising 201,189 contributions to 55,172 projects by
99,720 donors over 1 year. We isolate closeness and strength by constructing a co-donor network with
varying link strength and contrasting its influence with that of a friendship network for a subset of donors.
Our ongoing work uses a natural experiment and a series of controlled marketing campaigns to identify
how the visibility of co-donors influences choice, and how making donations visible to one’s peers alters
project choice and the magnitude of future giving.
Page 544
Abstract
Social Networks and Performance in School Classes, Efficient and Inefficient Teacher Control
Karoly Takacs
Kinga reka Makovi
Judit Pál
Balint Neray
Adolescents, Game Theory, Cooperation, Agent Based Models
School classes vary greatly depending on how well students perform. The informal social network of
students can explain a significant portion of this variation. The intervention of educators in the informal
social network is difficult if not impossible. Therefore, the adjustment of requirements and strategies
applied in evaluation by teachers who imperfectly monitor effort and engagement of students remains
the most important way of intervention that could potentially increase class performance. The
adjustment of requirements, however, could backfire in certain network structures: it could strengthen
deviant norms and enforce low-effort coalitions. Another prominent example of how academic
requirements can result in the restructuring of informal ties is the social exclusion of a geek with an
outstanding performance. This paper presents a game theoretical model of performance, and teacher
control, taking social control in informal ties and rational update of social relations into account. Simple
model predictions – such as „relative” evaluation criteria may reduce performance, or peer-effect may
both enhance or decrease performance – are derived for further empirical research or experiments.
More complex predictions that can highlight the dilemmas and unexpected consequences of the
teacher’s strategies are derived using agent based simulations.
Page 545
Abstract
Social Networks and Spatial Analysis – How Office Layouts Drive Interaction and Collaboration
Kerstin Sailer
Ian Mcculloh
ERGM/P*, Space, Intra-organizational Networks, Collaboration, Spatial Analysis, Organizational
Behavior
Investigating spatial aspects of social networks forms an emerging theme in SNA. Over the last years a
relationship between the physical distance of actors and the likelihood of tie formation has been
identified, in model simulations as well as in empirical studies across a variety of settings. However, the
analysis of spatial dimensions is often reduced to simple Euclidian distances between agents and
measured as the crow flies, thus ignoring detailed spatial configurations.
In order to consider configuration of the built environment, this paper investigates patterns of interaction
and collaboration within four different knowledge-intensive organisations (two universities, a research
institute, and a publisher). It models distances between actors based on Space Syntax. This method
constructs a spatial graph of an office based on nodes (rooms and corridors in an office) and ties
(interconnections between rooms, e.g. doors and passages). The distance between two actors can then
be described as route through this spatial network and measured by different depth-related variables.
The resulting depth networks were used in an exponential random graph model to test the impact of
physical space on interaction frequency and collaboration.
The results suggest a strong significance of spatial distance networks for social interaction within an
office, yet to varying degrees depending on the case. Interpretations will be made and implications for
further research will be discussed.
Page 546
Abstract
Social Support Mechanisms of the Elderly – Insights from the British Household Panel Survey
Robert Raeside
Kaberi Gayen
Happiness, Social Welfare, Panel Survey, Elderly
In Europe many countries are facing a future of ageing populations. This has arisen from a prolonged
period of low fertility. The question arises as to how societies will support the increasing numbers of
elderly people. Often reliance is placed on support from younger relatives and from friends. To
understand more about how these support mechanisms work in the 21st Century there is need for
research. To conduct this investigation use will be made of data from the British Household Panel
Survey which is an annual survey of around 5,500 people. This survey started in 1991 and has the
capacity to follow a cohort over the years. In the survey some data has been collected on social network
and social support variables. This data is examined for those aged over 65 years to ascertain the
degree of support available to the elderly. This support which be correlated to the physical and mental
wellbeing of the respondent to ascertain its importance. How these relationships have changed with time
is explored by comparing data from 2001/2 to 2006/7. It is argued that family based support will decline
and more recognition of support from friends and the community is required. From this research
recommendations are made to inform policy on how best support should be given for the elderly.
Page 547
Abstract
Social and Economic Networks in Rural Gambia
Dany Jaimovich
Jean L. Arcand
Slavica Zec
Economic Development Networks (Lecture)
Economic Networks, Rural Communities, Development, West Africa
Using data recently collected in 60 Gambian villages, we study the structure and interaction of six
different social networks: (i) land exchange, (ii) labor exchange, (iii) tool and fertilizer exchange, (iv)
matrimonial relationships, (v) kinship relationships and (vi) credit exchange. Using a variety of measures
gleaned from the Social Network Analysis (SNA) literature, we find that village-level income inequality
seems to play a role in determining network macrostructure. On the other hand, analysis at the micro
(household) level reveals that traditional roles in the village are the main determinants household
centrality, while various measures of household wealth play a very limited role. Moreover, we find little
evidence for interactions at the household level amongst various networks, and no correlation in the
vector of links that households create in each network. We take advantage of these overlapped
non-collinear networks in order to explore functional relationships along different dimensions and
explore how the results can help to identify the impact of external shocks in the village network
architecture.
Page 548
Abstract
Social and structural roles at web based learning: Network-based identifying and integrating
social roles and structural for the case of collaborative e-learning environments and the effects
of embeddedness for knowledge transfer process.
Cathleen M. Stuetzer
Kathleen M. Carley
Jana Diesner
Thomas Köhler
Gerhard Thiem
Methods, Embeddedness, Knowledge Transfer, Semantic Networks, Content Analysis, Learning
Commmunities
As people adopt life-long learning as a strategy to succeed in modern societies and as traditional forms
of face-to-face modes of instruction are supplemented by e-learning opportunities, traditional roles of
learners and educators may change. The identification of actor roles and their embeddedness in social
systems have a long tradition in social sciences. In education science, learning has traditionally been
conceptualized as an adaptive knowledge construction process. This view has started to be extended by
also taking the network structure and dynamics of interacting groups of learners and educators into
account.
We present a case study in which we leverage social network analysis in combination with relational text
analysis to investigate emerging roles of actors within the social network of a remote learning
community. We analyze the communication infrastructure of tutors and learners in web based learning
to find generalizable learning roles.
The data comes from e-learning forums that are actively used by eleven universities located in the state
of Saxony, Germany. We use the relational text analysis tool AutoMap to examine the flow of
information through the network of learners and educators and to represent these data as semantic
networks. The semantic networks are then combined with social network data that denote the
collaboration between individuals. By performing structural analysis on these rich relational data we
identify roles of actors in the given e-learning environment as well as the relationship between network
structure and learning processes. With this research we ultimately aim to contribute to a better
understanding of the relationship between theories about socio-technical networks, communications,
and learning in humans.
Page 549
Abstract
Social influence and career paths: Findings from 14 nascent networks
Brian Rubineau
Shinwon Noh
David Lazer
Michael Neblo
Adolescents, Social Influence, Occupations, Friendship Ties, Careers, Social Contagion
This study brings together two distinct and productive streams of scholarship: STEM career persistence
and network social influence. The growing literature on STEM career paths is increasingly recognizing
the importance of peer influence on individuals’ persistence choices. Social network methods provide a
systematic way to define and measure potentially influential peers and measure associations between
peer characteristics and individual choices. Moving from measures of association to inferences of causal
social influence is a notoriously difficult problem. Some methodologically rigorous approaches for
causality require dissatisfyingly narrow definitions of social ties. Using the analytical strategy of studying
nascent networks, we address most of the common critiques of social influence studies using
self-selected networks. We investigate four distinct pathways of social influence on STEM persistence
behaviors using data from first year students across 14 different undergraduate institutions. We find two
significant and consistent patterns of social influence on persistence behaviors. First, we fine social
influence on changes into and out of the engineering major across all four tie types studied. Second, we
find social influence for both major and career plan changes across the STEM fields from close friend
ties. We discuss the few remaining limitations for making causal inferences from our findings.
Page 550
Abstract
Social network analysis of gender patterns in bibliometric data: an effective tool for assessing
institutional climate change in academia
Jide Osatuyi
Regina Collins
Anatoliy Gruzd
Nancy Steffen-Fluhr
Academic Networks, Gender, Careers, Scientific Publications, Co-publication, Climate Change
This paper presents a longitudinal study of shifting gender differences in the structure of faculty research
networks and the impact of those differences on the careers of women science and engineering faculty.
The study, conducted at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) with support from the US
National Science Foundation (NSF), used SNA tools (UCINET, ORA, PNet) to analyze nine years of
faculty co-authorship data, focusing on patterns of gender homophily and the relationship of network
centrality to retention. The paper describes the methodology used to construct the co-authorship
database and discusses the importance of bibliometric data—more and more easily accessible through
data mining—as a valid proxy for faculty social and status networks.
The study found that, from 2000-2009, increased research collaboration (co-authorship) at NJIT was
positively associated with career success, as measured by acquisition of tenure and promotion up the
ranks. However, homophily made such collaboration problematic for women faculty. Over the period
studied, 1) male faculty tended to be more central in the co-authorship network than female faculty and
2) were much less likely to co-author with female colleagues than with male colleagues. This is
especially significant because the study also found that for the women, Eigenvector centrality was the
leading indicator of retention.
Gender asymmetry is not fixed, however. Programmatic inventions designed to foster interdisciplinary
research collaboration can affect network structure and centrality, the study indicates. The paper
concludes by discussing the broader implications of this finding, suggesting how dynamic social network
analysis can be used by advocacy organizations to support the advancement of women and
underrepresented minority faculty and to measure long-term institutional climate change.
Page 551
Abstract
Social network analysis of preschool children association patterns
João R. Daniel
António J. Santos
Inês Peceguina
Friendship Ties, Weighted Links, Classroom
Spreading rapidly to a wide range of scientific disciplines, in the past few years social network analysis
has been applied more consistently in ethological studies of animal social structure. The application of
such approach has advanced the field by providing explicit measures of social relationships that are not
captured by common measures of sociality. In this study, following the ethological tradition, spatial data
was used to derive dyadic association indices for 331 children, aged between 3 and 5, belonging to 13
different Portuguese preschool classrooms. Data collection involved 200 rounds per class of nearest
neighbor focal samples. Association matrices were used to calculate weighted network measures:
gregariousness (how connected to other individuals), eigenvector centrality (how well connected in
terms of number and strength of connections, and to whom), reach (overall strength of neighbors),
affinity (weighted mean strength of neighbors), clustering coefficient (how well connected neighbors are
to each other) and disparity (variance in the weights of the edges connecting individuals). Analyses of
variance showed that older children were less gregarious, had lower reach and less affinity. Concerning
gender, boys were slightly more gregarious and had higher centrally and clustering coefficient scores
than girls. Results are consistent with previous ethological studies of affiliative structures in preschool
classrooms and also demonstrate the heuristic value of social network analysis for the study of early
peer group relations.
Page 552
Abstract
Social network and promotion of quality of care for children with diabetes type I
Carlos A. Da-Silva
Mafalda Fortuna
Raquel Costa
Joaquim M. Fialho
José M. Saragoça
Inter-organizational Networks, Social Network Analysis, Healthcare
This paper based on an applied approach of social network “methodology” we would like to discuss and
analysis the dynamics of formal network of health and social organizations to support and promote the
quality of care for children with diabetes type I in Barreiro, Portugal. Semi-structured interviews and
questionnaires were performed and their contents were afterwards analyzed through content analysis
and UNICET. The results of centrality and density of the network identified the most important clusters
of health and social organizations cooperation, as well as a network relation developed between health
professionals and children with diabetes type I. Its network structure doesn’t exhibit degrees of
complexity, but the presence of stable nucleus centred around members (health professionals) of some
hospital services. The qualitative data and key findings suggest a lack of cooperation (e.g., alliances,
supply chain, leadership) between the different health care organizations, primary health care services
and community organizations. Conclusions: In this paper we have illustrated how social network
analysis can be used as a method for understanding the social intervention in health care for children
with diabetes type I. The health and social organizations should have the ability to analyze its internal
and external environment, looking for institutions that can cooperate with sustainability in network to
improve the quality of care. However it it’s necessary to develop more and deep case studies for better
understanding about key findings, learnings, recommendations or path-forward to innovate the network
of quality of care for children with diabetes type I in Barreiro-Portugal.
Page 553
Abstract
Social network in social sciences companies' creation
Grégori Akermann
Mixed Methods, Entrepreneurship, Scientific Production
The research deals with social network mobilization in different stages of social sciences companies'
creation. We have reconstructed twenty stories of compagnies' creation with entrepreneur's interviews.
Historical and statistical perspectives lead to identify a strong disparity depending on academic
disciplines ( sociology, ethnology, geography, history) and territories. First results show that creative
process is strongly embedded in social network and that business start-up assistance is barely
mobilized. Moreover, link between companies and academic research define various practices of
methods and knowledge. We identify small word phenomenum around academic masters. To finish, this
research intends to identify academics knowledge spreading in social sciences.
Page 554
Abstract
Social network research results and their sociological implications
Deirdre M. Kirke
Theory, Social Network Analysis
Sociologists and social network analysts have addressed many questions of mutual interest over the
past 30 years or so. For example, questions relating to the individual and social network in social
network research are addressed under agency and structure in sociology and the relative impact of such
processes as selection and influence in social network research arise under the broad umbrella of
structuration theory in sociology. Indeed over this time sociology has been the discipline most widely
represented in the international social network community. A vast body of social network research has
been produced by social network analysts from a range of disciplines, including sociology, which could
contribute to supporting, clarifying or extending sociological theory. Despite the close collaboration
between sociologists and social network analysts and the relevance of a range of findings to sociological
theory, such contributions are not reflected in developments in sociological theory over this time. This
paper will review a range of social network studies that have sociological relevance and will explore the
theoretical contributions they have made, or can make, to sociological theory. Discussion will cover how
to gain a better feedback to sociology from sociologically relevant developments in social network
research.
Page 555
Abstract
Social networks and health literacy
Hsieh-Hua Yang
Ming-Yi Chang
Hung-Jen Yang
Networks And Health, Social Network
Introduction:
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand
basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Health literacy
comes from the interaction between individuals’ literacy abilities and contexts. It is argued that health
literacy is related to social networks.
Method:
The subjects came from the adult tourists in a city park during vacations. They were asked to complete
a questionnaire of social networks and health literacy. Social networks were measured as the extent of
concerning about health and health literacy was measured by 15 health related vocabularies.
Result:
The results showed that health literacy was related with the extent of concerning about health of
families, friends, colleagues, and neighborhoods, but not relatives.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that the health literacy is related with social networks.
Page 556
Abstract
Social networks in the production of culture: the role of social capital
Zeljka Tonkovic
Social Capital, Culture, Whole Networks, Ego-centered Networks, Social Network Analysis, Position
Generator
The topic of networking in cultural and creative sector has become prominent in recent years. Previous
studies, mainly qualitative and ethnographic, provided important evidences on the characteristics of
social networks in this highly connected sector. However, application of the social network analysis is
needed in order to understand under which conditions network patterns stimulate creativity in this field.
Based on the network theory of social capital (Lin, Burt), this paper examines the network patterns of
cultural and creative sector in Zadar, Croatia. What is the role of relational and structural dimensions of
social capital in the production of cultural goods and services? What types of actors exist in the sector?
Which network properties can be related with professional success of individual actors in the sector
(independent artists, entrepreneurs in cultural and creative industries)? The answers provided are based
on the network data collected on both actor and network level (name generator, position generator,
complete network analysis). Attention will be paid to implications of the results for the cultural and urban
policy making.
Page 557
Abstract
Social networks of young researchers in German educational research
Martina Kenk
Academic Networks, Education, Ego-centered Networks
The Ph.D. project analyses the significance of social networks for the qualification of doctorate students
in the area of educational research in Germany: How do social resources of Ph.D. students influence
their success during their doctorate phase and their start of a professional career? The analysis focuses
on knowledge distribution, learning processes and on using social resources for starting a professional
career. A German educational research program will be investigated using social network analysis
methods. The network of 140 members consisted of 38 professors, 26 post-doctorates and 76 doctorate
students from the fields of psychology, educational science as well as didactics who cooperated in 30
projects relating to educational quality of schools. The ego-centered networks of approximately 40
former Ph.D. students will be analyzed with regard to the support they received during the doctorate
phase and assistance to start a professional career. Data collection includes information on
collaboration for publications, conference papers and research projects. Generally available information
such as publication databases, personal homepages and conference programs will subsequently be
completed with personal information from interviews. In addition to the relational data, biographic and
attributive data of ego and alteri as well as on the relations between alteri will be collected. Selected
ego-centered networks will be analyzed by applying success indicators.
Page 558
Abstract
Social structures and land management views
Christina Prell
Klaus Hubacek
Mark Reed
Homophily, Social Influence, Institutional Theory, Natural Resource Management, Inter-group
What is social structure and what role does it play in resource management? This question looms large
in discussions pertaining to the role of institutions for natural resource management, and more recently,
social networks has figured in this discussion as i) a type of informal, organizational institution and ii) a
unique social structure in its own right. In this paper, we compare two kinds of social structures, i.e
‘formal structures’ and ‘informal structures’, to see how these relate to the ways individuals think about
and value the land and land management practice.
Our data consists of a number of different social relations (e.g. communication, friendship, colleague,
etc.) and responses to Liker-scale items pertaining to land management views and practice. Our
analysis includes autocorrelations looking at the presence/absence of social ties; multiplex ties; and
Simmelian ties in relation to land management views. These are then compared to analyses looking at
the relationship between land management view and organizational affiliation. Our results provide
insights into the role of social structure in general, and highlight in particular the role of social networks
in structuring stakeholders’ views regarding land management. We conclude by discussing the
implications of our findings in relation to stakeholder selection.
Page 559
Abstract
Social support and the experience of living with HIV for women in Australia
Jayne M. Russell
Social Support, Reciprocity, Ego-centered Networks, Social Identity, Personal Networks, HIV Disclosure
Social support as a positive exchange occurring within social relationships, has been shown to act as a
latent resource that may be called upon when people are faced with stressful life events such as HIV
infection. Women living with HIV or AIDS related symptoms in Australia are a relatively small,
heterogeneous and changing group with little known of the effect of HIV on their social networks and on
their transactions of social support. Network research often overlooks the meaning of relational
transactions, instead depicting the structure of relationships as the decisive variable. This presentation
is based on PhD research that examines the flows of social supports in HIV-positive women’s personal
networks in light of social identity theory. Data was collected through structured interviews eliciting
HIV-positive women’s personal networks, flows of social supports, reciprocity, the relational and HIV
status composition of the networks, instances of HIV disclosure, conflict and individual and HIV-positive
women’s demographics, measures of health and their social perceptions of self and others following HIV
infection. Findings provide insights into the patterns of flows of social supports and how they are related
to network structure, HIV disclosure, conflict and reciprocity of social supports. Future research and
implications will be discussed.
Page 560
Abstract
Social tie consistency and starting a business
Boris F. Blumberg
Social Capital, Entrepreneurship, Ego-centered Networks, Tie-strength
Social relations are expected to influence the chance of starting a business. An important question is,
however, which types of relations are beneficial for starting a business. On the one hand, strong
intensive relations offer access to scarce resources and smooth the resource exchange (Coleman
1990). On the other hand, weak incidental relations provide access to a larger variety of information and
brokerage opportunities (Burt 1992). Previous research has usually assessed individual’s networks
coarsely with rather general measures (e.g, Brüderl & Preisendörfer 1998) or by focusing only on the
contact frequency (e.g. Abell et al. 2002). This study returns to the original notion of Granovetter (1973)
and assess several relation characteristic simultaneously. I argue that relations are only beneficial, if
their characteristics are well aligned. Weak ties are only beneficial if they are characterized by low
contact frequency and low intensity and strong ties are only beneficial if they are characterized by high
contact frequency and high intensity. Relations with badly aligned characteristics, e.g. a high intensity
relation with low frequency, will, however, not create social capital and reduce the chance to start a
business. The potency of the argument is tested with a sample of 1196 (potential) business founders in
the Dutch region South-Limburg. 977 of the respondents started a business and 219 did not. The results
support our argument that weak and strong ties are only beneficial if the underlying dimensions are well
aligned. In addition we find that homogenous networks increase the chance to start a business as well.
Page 561
Abstract
Social-Ecological Networks in Post-Disaster Recovery and Resilience: Post-Katrina Community
Forestry in New Orleans
Keith G. Tidball
Networks and Natural Resource Management (Poster)
Natural Disaster, Natural Resource Management, Disaster Response, Communities Of Practice,
Social-ecological Networks, Community Forestry
Applications of SNA to social-ecological systems and their management are just beginning to emerge.
Thus far, with the notable exception of Prell et al. 2009, they have focused predominantly on
understanding characteristics of social networks that increase the likelihood of collective action and
successful natural resource management (Schneider et al., 2003; Tomkins and Adger,2004; Newman
and Dale, 2004; Bodin et al., 2006; Crona and Bodin, 2006; Ernston et al., 2008). In this paper, I build
upon the above knowledge to propose methods for analysis for participatory natural resource
management that emerges in post-conflict and post-disaster contexts. By participatory natural resource
management I refer to processes that engage stakeholders on multiple levels of decision making and
facilitate the formation and strengthening of relationships among stakeholders for mutual learning (Prell
et al. 2009; Grimble and Wellard,1997; Dougill et al., 2006; Stringer et al., 2006), which may give rise to
unique natural resources based communities of practice (Tidball et al., 2010, Wenger 1998; Wenger et
al. 2002). In this exploratory paper, I propose the use of multimodal SNA to explore the social-ecological
networks represented by tree planting communities of practice that emerge in post-crisis contexts, to
better understand not only social structures, but also what might be social-ecological networks, and their
role in post-crisis recovery and resilience. I do this using case study material from Post-Katrina New
Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Page 562
Abstract
Socializing at the Gym: Contagious Commitment and Network Dynamics
Massimo Riccaboni
Anna Romiti
Gianna Giudicati
Network Dynamics, Social Influence, Contagious Commitment
Social influence is a key factor in human decision making to explain how beliefs spread over time and
how this sustain the evolution of organizational forms. The issue is to examine how the structure of
social ties influences individual choices and it will be investigated by exploring the link between
individual decisions and network features. More specifically, we study an intra-organizational network of
co-presences and other social ties based on previous acquaintances and shared activities in order to
control for the effect of social influence on the decision to participate or to leave the network. We
analyze a network of health club members over a period from December 2004 to July 2008 by means of
an innovative methodology previously used in the field of social biology and explore associations among
members on the basis of previous, contingent and spontaneous relationships. We find that influentials
are highly stable in the network of customers and the level of commitment of neighbors in the network
significantly impact on a club member decision to participate and to renew the contract. Our results
contributes to the nascent field of behavioral industrial organization by showing that customer
overconfidence is socially mediated. Moreover we shed new light on commitment decisions in networks
that can be exploited by companies in the service sector through innovative social customer relationship
management tools. Finally, we devise a new methodological approach to study real-time network
evolution that can be further applied to investigate reality mined network data.
Page 563
Abstract
Some Thoughts on Analyzing Trajectories
Stephen P. Borgatti
Daniel S. Halgin
Methods, Two-mode Networks
A number of phenomena can be modeled as directed traversals of networks. For example, the careers
of college coaches can be seen as trajectories through a graph in which the nodes are colleges and the
edges are latent conduits for personnel transfers. Similarly, bookings of bands at convert venues can be
seen as a walk through the venue space. In this paper we present some methods for visualizing and
analyzing such trajectories. In some cases, the methods provide alternatives to conventional ways of
analyzing 2-mode data.
Page 564
Abstract
Spectral analysis of directed Laplacians of social networks
John P. Boyd
Centrality, Core/periphery, Algebra, International Trade, Graph Theory, Spectral Analysis
The eigenvectors and values of the adjacent matrix of graphs appear in centrality and graph theoretic
studies. However, growing attention in the applied mathematical literature is being directed toward
spectral analysis of Laplacian matrices, which are real-valued matrices with non-positive off-diagonal
entries and row sums equal to zero. The directed Laplacian matrix (a.k.a., the Kirchhoff matrix) of a
weighted digraph with adjacency matrix A is defined to be D–A, where D is the diagonal matrix of
indegrees. For symmetric graphs, the Laplacian is positive semi-definite, but for digraphs some
eigenvalues may be imaginary but with positive real parts. Laplacian matrices appear in the theory of
continuous time Markov chains (mixing rate), graph theory (the matrix tree theorem), physics (energy,
conductance), and computer science (expanders). The second smallest eigenvalue (the Fiedler value,
a.k.a., the algebraic connectivity) and its associated eigenvector (the Fiedler vector) are of particular
interest for the structure of digraphs. The Fiedler value is a bound for the isoperimetric number, which
characterizes the best possible bipartition. The Laplace spectral embedding gives an excellent
visualization of digraphs. Fiedler and other eigenvectors from international trade data are compared with
independently obtained attributes, such as GNP and health measures.
Page 565
Abstract
Spillover, competition, or compensation? Interdependencies between workplace relationships
and kin and friendship networks outside the workplace
Martin Diewald
Sebastian Boehm
Organizations, Embeddedness, Ego-centered Networks, Affiliation Networks, Friendship Network
The presentation addresses, how social network management contributes to goal fulfillment in separate
spheres of life such as successful job careers establishing and maintaining meaningful and helpful
relationships. It is expected that kinship, friendship, and occupational networks are co-dependent and
co-regulative in their impact on the individual life course. Three types of network interdependencies are
assessed, that is, (a) competition, (b) compensation and substitution, and (c) spillover. Competition and
generalization pertain to opposing or mutually enhancing demands and conflicts of work relationships
versus relationships outside the workplace. Compensation and substitution involve mechanisms of
balancing, countervailing or mutual offsetting within and across kin/nonkin versus work relationships.
The three mechanism of interdependency are seen as dependent on the prevalence of goals, social
structure (especially work conditions and kin opportunity structure), and normative frames.
From these interdependencies a series of specific hypotheses is derived and tested with data from two
research projects: a larger employer-employee-pa rtner-survey with additional information about
workplace and other relationships (about 2,000 respondents), and a small two-wave-panel study on
ego-centered networks (about 400 respondents).
The results show rather specific patterns of interdependencies dependent of both kin opportunity
structures as well as workplace conditions. Especially remarkable is that these patterns are gendered
and more dependent of living arrangements than of workplace characteristics.
Page 566
Abstract
Spreading the Oprah Effect: The Diffusion of Exogenous Demand Shocks in Recommendation
Networks
Eyal Carmi
Gal Oestreicher-Singer
Arun Sundararajan
Diffusion, Marketing, Economic Networks, New Media
Networks frequently spread the impact of exogenous events far beyond their point of origin, thus
expanding the span of these events’ consequences. However, both network structure and the relative
magnitude of the initial “shocks” may affect the extent and persistence of their spreading. In this talk, I
will describe the diffusion of exogenous demand shocks in a recommendation network comprising over
400,000 books sold on Amazon.com, over a period of two years. The demand shocks are initiated by
reviews on Oprah Winfrey’s TV show and in the New York Times Book Review. We show that first and
second neighbors of reviewed books experience substantial demand inflation following the event, with
first neighbors experiencing a six-fold average amplification of their sales-rank. We detect economically
and statistically significant “aftershocks” for close to 40% of third and fourth neighbors, suggesting
diffusion of remarkable depth. Our survival analysis shows that more highly clustered local networks trap
the spread of the demand shocks closer to the reviewed books, and this “fishing net” effect of clustered
networks yields aftershock patterns that are more time-persistent for proximal neighbors but decay more
rapidly with distance. Our work presents new evidence of how exogenous shocks spread on account of
the visibility of networks, thus contributing to our more general understanding of how information flows
mediate the contagion of economic events in visible networks of different kinds, and the structural
characteristics that influence the ensuing diffusion patterns.
Page 567
Abstract
Stability and change of personal networks during the transition to parenthood
Marlene Sapin
Personal Networks, Life Course, Significant Others, Identity, Psychological Adjustment, Transition To
Parenthood
The study of the transition to parenthood is of interest because it represents a time of shifts in identity
and in intimate relationships. Becoming a parent is described as one of the most significant
developmental tasks in adulthood, marked by large changes in roles and responsibilities. Several
longitudinal studies have begun to uncover the factors that shape individual adjustment during this
transition. However, few studies have convincingly addressed the issue of stability and change of
personal networks and their interplay with their structural embeddedness throughout this transition.
Neither is the impact of personal networks and of their structural dynamics on personal adjustment well
understood. How does the arrival of a first child transform the composition and the dynamics of personal
networks? How do those changes contribute to individual adjustment? Based on a three-wave
longitudinal survey of 230 couples living in the French part of Switzerland, in which both partners were
interviewed in each case, we empirically assess the connections between the composition and the
relational structures of personal networks and various measures of personal identity for both men and
women. Results show that, depending of the initial composition of personal network, various family
processes are at stake, with consequences on available relational resources and on individuals'
adjustment to their new role of parents.
Page 568
Abstract
Stability and instability of complex systems and major players position: the case of the
biopharmaceutical industry
Brigitte Gay
Network Dynamics, Action And Structure, Sna, Biopharmaceutical Industry, Alliance, Multi-level
Management involves the ability to build temporary network configurations created by the necessity of
sustained, often radical, innovation, and addressing the different industry segments the firm wants or
needs to compete in. How a firm draws boundaries within these complex networks to implement a
growth strategy will affect its business performance and at the same time highlight the company
rationale to invest in capabilities. Understanding network structures at firm- and market- level, their
continuous restructuration and reciprocally structuring effects should help managers devise strategies
for the sustained dynamic building of effective firm alliance nets across international and organizational
boundaries.
Networks themselves indeed do not bring competitive advantage: it is how they are dynamically built
and the adequacy of their conception that does. In order to understand the strategy of high performers
and possibly build on the results, we will borrow from social network theories to conceptualize network
structure and then turn to analysis of changes in these complex structures as manifested by business
agreements, their turn-over, and through these, innovation flows. We’ve chosen the biopharmaceutical
industry and one of its fastest growing segments as an appropriate setting for this study as this industry
is one of the most alliance-intensive. We’ll look at “hubs” (top alliance making firms in the industry) at
industry- and sector- level and their dynamics as centrality has been shown as being essential to a firm
performance.
Page 569
Abstract
Stakeholder Dynamics in a Conflict Situation: Social Network Analysis of Newspaper Articles
Anna Heikkinen
Qualitative Approaches, Social Network Analysis, Interorganizational Networks, Stakeholder Interaction,
Newspaper Articles, Stakeholder Theory
Network analysis has been extensively used to study organisations and inter-organisational relations
over the past decades. However, so far it has not been widely applied to stakeholder research and
empirical descriptions of stakeholder networks are still scarce. The aim of this paper is twofold: Firstly to
explore the possibilities and challenges of applying social network analysis to stakeholder research in
order to interpret stakeholder dynamics. Stakeholder theory is mainly concerned with the identification of
salient stakeholders and their interests and therefore network perspective provides tools for
understanding stakeholder interaction and behaviour. The empirical focus of our study is on a single
case, where a Finnish forest industry company got caught in the middle of a heated dispute in South
America that attracted various sets of stakeholders. The research data was collected from the biggest
quality daily in Finland, Helsingin Sanomat, and altogether 139 newspaper articles from the research
period of 2005 to 2007 were analysed using both qualitative content analysis and network analysis. The
second aim of this paper is to discuss how this kind of qualitative data is suited for network research and
what the challenges of it are. To conclude, we argue that network methods and perspective can offer
significant value and insights for stakeholder research.
Page 570
Abstract
Stakeholders’ networks and sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon
Frederic Mertens
Renata Tavora
Mauro Castro
Katia Demeda
Raquel Grando
Social Capital, Natural Resource Management, Collective Action, Development
In the colonization frontiers of the Brazilian Amazon, dialogue between the civil society, the public and
the private sectors, is key to reduce conflicts regarding access to natural resources and to build efficient
conservation and development approaches. We analyze how networks among these multiple
stakeholders can contribute to establish common dialogue and negotiation spaces through which they
can pursue collective goals. Using snowballing sampling, we mapped dialogue and collaboration
networks between 2036 stakeholders, from the civil society, the public and the private sectors, which are
involved in the use of natural recourses of the Amazonian Gateway, a territory of 16 municipalities in the
Brazilian Amazon. Stakeholders’ networks are compared among municipalities regarding the distribution
of bonding (within the municipality), bridging (with other municipalities of the Amazonian Gateway) and
linking ties (with stakeholders from the provincial and federal capitals). Networks patterns, which differ
widely among municipalities, are analyzed in regards with opportunities and barriers associated to
resource mobilization for development, participatory initiatives for sustainability, forest conservation
approaches and conflict management. Conclusions propose strategies for tapping in the potential
spaces for dialogue, negotiation, coordination and innovation for territorial sustainable development.
Page 571
Abstract
Stress and intra-organizational networks
Tanja Kirkegaard
Intra-Organizational Networks (Poster)
Networks And Health, Happiness, Intra-organizational Networks, Job Satisfaction, Stress
While there has been a vast body of research on the antecedents and consequences of networks in an
intra-organizational setting, there is an interesting lack of research in the interplay between stress and
network position. Since the research in work-place stress and burn-out is increasingly moving from an
individual to a collective focus, there is a clear opportunity to advance this field by using social network
analysis.
This paper is based on a pilot study using social network analysis among 78 employees in a
Scandinavian company to identify the network factors influencing individual stress levels determined by
a large-scale questionnaire.
Page 572
Abstract
Structural Changes in Multiteam Systems
Leslie A. Dechurch
Christian J. Resick
Daniel Doty
Multilevel Networks, Team Performance, Distributed Teams
This paper examines the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of network-based metrics of
team and multiteam system dynamics in relation to self-report scales and observer ratings. We propose
that network techniques enable a richer understanding of the dynamics of such systems. Ideas were
tested using a sample of 82 6-person multiteam systems (N = 492) who completed a humanitarian
supply task using a PC-based laboratory simulation. Team processes, affective states, and emergent
cognitive states were all assessed using (1) self-report scales, (2) observer ratings, and (3) network
metrics. Network measures included advice and hindrance networks as well as absolute communication
time, number of pieces of information shared between any two participants during the mission, and
geographic proximity of individuals. The relative predictive validity of each metric for explaining team
and multiteam system performance were then examined. Through comparison of these network-focused
measured with the more traditional measures, we will be able to assess the validity of network analysis
as a tool for understanding team and multiteam performance over time. In our presentation, we will
further elaborate on the importance of multiple measurement tools and longitudinal data collection, as
well as the research implications and suggestions for future directions.
Page 573
Abstract
Structural equivalence as a basis for detecting network subgroups in preschool peer groups
António J. Santos
João R. Daniel
Inês Peceguina
Brian E. Vaughn
Individual Differences and Social Networks (Poster)
Structural Equivalence, Social Networks, Peer Groups, Preschool Children
Studies of peer interactions have shown that young children’s groups can be partitioned into subgroups
that share common attributes. Following the positional approach, the patterns of proximity relations and
social competence measures of 13 Portuguese preschool classrooms were studied. Pearson
correlations provided frequency independent measures of similarity of association. Children with similar
relational patterns were aggregated using the complete linkage hierarchical clustering algorithm. An
arbitrary level of within-cluster similarity (i.e., average within-cluster correlation coefficient at the
conventional level of significance, p < .05) was used to identify subgroups vs. ungrouped cases. Next
we split the subgroups according to the level of mutual proximity among group co-members. If the
probability of proximity frequencies among members was < .001 in a chi-square test, a subgroup was
considered to show high mutual proximity. Three subgroup types (high mutual proximity (HMP), lower
mutual proximity (LMP), and ungrouped children were identified. Aggregating across the 13 classrooms,
a total of 99 multichild subgroups were identified and 25 children were ungrouped using our criterion. 69
subgroups were classified as HMP and 30 were classified as LMP. Approximately 75.8% of identified
multi-child subgroups were of the same sex. Subgroup size ranged from 2 to 6 across classrooms and
almost half of the multichild subgroups were dyads. Children belonging to HMP subgroups had higher
social competence scores. Overall, the results indicate the existence of social niches and potential roles
associated with membership of specific subgroups that may constrain and afford behavioral
development at the individual level.
Page 574
Abstract
Structural patterns and effectiveness of interorganizational networks: An example of the
high-tech-industry
Michael Strenge
Olaf N. Rank
Nadine V. Kegen
Exponential Random Graph Models, Inter-organizational Networks, Network Performance
A growing body of research supports the notion that collaborative networks in high-tech industries play
an important role in shaping the competitive context and influencing a variety of outcomes for growing
and established companies, such as differential access to information, opportunity recognition, finance,
or technological capabilities. However, little is known about the structural patterns of these networks and
about the networks’ effects on firm-level network success. In the present paper, we address two guiding
research questions: (1) Are networks in high-tech industries characterized by specific structural
patterns? (2) Does the position of companies within the network explain why some of the network
participants are able to yield higher benefits from participation than other firms? We empirically study a
collaborative network among all participants of a regional high-tech cluster called “measurement valley”
that is located in the center of Germany. The participants consist of small and medium-sized companies
as well as major firms all having their core competencies in the measurement technology industry.
Applying a class of exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to the network of “measurement valley”,
we show that the member companies follow specific structural patterns when collaborating with each
other. Moreover, companies that are strongly embedded into collaborative relationships with network
partners seem to reach higher benefits from network participation as compared to those companies that
are only loosely connected to the network. Our research contributes to extant network and strategy
research by analyzing the underlying structural patterns of interfirm cooperation in high-technology
networks and by examining how structural effects might lead to greater firm-level network success.
Page 575
Abstract
Structurally Induced Random Graph Model of Social Networks
Drew Conway
Methods, Dynamic Network Analysis, Evolution, Graph Theory
The research and development of random graph models of social networks has provided great insight
into the dynamics of complex network systems. The primary shortcoming of these models; however, is
their treatment of the atomistic component of a network---the vertex. These models assume vertices
exist in a vacuum, bringing no exogenous structure to the network system and only forming endogenous
structure once inside a network. This assumption is entirely contrary to the fundamental dynamics of
social interaction observed in nearly all settings. The following research attempts to bridge the gap
between current random graph models of social networks and the process by which individuals form
new social structure in the real world. This paper presents a new random graph modeling framework
deemed the "structurally induced random graph model", or SIRG, which is derived from two key
assumptions. First, actors do not enter networks as isolates; and second, new structure in a network will
resemble previously observed structure in that network. This simple framework provides a powerful
platform upon which any number of models could be specified. The paper proceeds as follows: A brief
review of the literature on random graph models is provided. The basic framework of the SIRG model is
then presented, which is followed by a description of a single algorithmic implementation. Next, results
from this implementation are presented, including several example networks generated by the model.
Concluding remarks focus on the benefits of this model over the current family of models and future
research.
Page 576
Abstract
Structure and evolution of mood contagion in the Twitter social network
Huina Mao
Alberto Pepe
Johan Bollen
On-line Communities, Web Mining, Sentiment
Motivated by medical and psychological evidence that happiness can spread through social networks
within a neighborhood of 3 actors, we employ the extended bi-polar version of an established
psychometric instrument, the Profile of Mood States (POMS-bi) and the Affective Norms of English
Word (ANEW) to track six and three dimensions respectively of sentiment in the content of brief text
updates (tweets) published by users of Twitter. Using Twitter's "followers" data, we construct the Twitter
social network and track longitudinal changes in mood as they propagate across followers ties. We
correlate the community structure of mood clusters, as evidenced from our POMS-bi and ANEW mood
analysis, to that of the social network, made salient from the topology of the followers network alone.
Albeit preliminary, our results point to the occurrence of preferential attachment with regards to
differential mood states. We find that Twitter users with similar mood profiles form community structures
over longer time-scales, whereas the contagion of short-term mood states occurs across the social
relations in the Twitter social graph.
Page 577
Abstract
Structures of Close Scientific Collaboration in Publicly Funded R&D Networks
Georg Fuerlinger
Manfred Paier
Inter-organizational Networks, Eu Framework Programmes, Intra-project Cooperation, R&D, Large-scale
Networks
R&D collaboration networks – i.e. networks of organisations that join for the conduct of collaborative
R&D projects – have become a major issue in innovation studies. These networks emerge from
organisations participating in different R&D projects with changing partners and are often interpreted as
the infrastructure for knowledge production and dissemination. As we suggest, the state-of-the-art of
constructing these networks is often based on inadequate assumptions regarding intra-project linkage,
like the ‘fully connected graph’ assumption (all project partners are connected to each other), or the
‘star-graph’ assumption (the project partners are only linked to the project coordinator). Recent studies
in this field point out that those assumptions hardly represent close scientific collaboration.
The objective of this paper is to construct and analyse R&D collaboration networks that focus on the
strong links represented by close scientific collaboration. Drawing on a representative survey among
participants of the Fifth EU Framework Programme (1998-2002), we identify close scientific
relationships among the project partners by employing exploratory statistical methods. We generate
stylized facts of close scientific collaboration in R&D projects and use them to construct large-scale
inter-organisational networks. In this way, we are able to characterise ‘empirically ascertained’ networks
of close scientific collaboration, and to compare their structural characteristics with the corresponding
‘fully connected graph’ and ‘star-graph’ networks. The study is expected to provide a better
representation of the ‘knowledge infrastructure’ in R&D collaboration networks compared to the
conventional assumptions.
Page 578
Abstract
Structures of collaboration in Slovenian science systems
Luka Kronegger
Patric Doreian
Anuška Ferligoj
Scientific Networks, Dynamic Network Analysis, Collaboration, Block Model Analysis, Scientometrics
Co-authorship, a form of scientific collaboration presents one major interaction mechanism between
actors at the micro-level of individual scientists. A wide range of mechanisms fostering collaboration
produces different local patterns within general networks. These can be described in terms of research
groups, research topics and intensiveness of collaboration. This permits comparisons of entire research
disciplines. We observed and compared collaborative structures in complete longitudinal co-authorship
networks for four research disciplines (biotechnology, mathematics, physics and sociology). For each of
these disciplines, we examined four consecutive five-year intervals and clustered the co-authorship
networks using generalized blockmodeling. The main focus here is on the extent to which these
networks exhibited a multiple core-periphery structure. For each of the four disciplines such a structure
is present for three of the four time periods. The exceptions occur within each sequence but not always
at the same time for all four disciplines. We examine how the structures these sequences of
collaborative networks are determined by organizational structure of the institutions, the special topics in
the scientific fields and other factors that foster scientific collaboration in research projects.
References
Batagelj, V. and Mrvar, A. (2003): Pajek - Analysis and Visualization of Large Networks. In: Juenger,
Doreian P., Batagelj V. and Ferligoj A. (2005): “Positional Analyses of Sociometric Data” pp. 77-97 in
Carrington, P., Scott, J. and Wasserman, S. (Eds.) Models and Methods in Network Analysis,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Doreian, P., Batagelj, V., Ferligoj, A. (2005): Generalized Blockmodeling. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Ferligoj, A. and Kronegger, L.(2009): Clustering of Attribute and/or Relational Data. Metodološki zvezki Advances in Methodology and Statistics,Vol. 6, No. 2, 2009, p. 135-153, http://mrvar.fdv.uni lj.si/pub/mz/mz6.1/f erligoj.pdf
de Nooy, W., Mrvar, A., and Batagelj, V. (2005): Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Page 579
Abstract
Structuring Implementation Networks for Project Success
John T. Scholz
Meredith Whiteman
Implementation, Inter-organizational Networks, Affiliation Networks, Political Networks, Resource
Networks, Collaboration Network
We analyze the relative importance of the position of supporting organizations in implementation
networks for the success of water projects. The managers of 99 projects seeking funding from a regional
water management district in Florida, USA were asked which organizations they rely on for four critical
resources: funding, technical advice, public support, or regulatory approvals. This data defines four
implementation networks in which organizations participating in a common project are assumed to be
linked. We then calculate the centrality, brokerage efficiency, reach, and density for each organization in
each of these resource networks as well as in the aggregated network. We finally use the average
measure for each project’s organizations to predict several measures of project success, along with
controls for project characteristics. Initial findings indicate that project success depends on different
network positions for different resources. Our theory suggests that the relative advantage of
organizations in different network positions depends on the nature of the resource provided. The results
confirm some predictions, but also suggest that additional factors need to be considered as well.
Page 580
Abstract
Studying online conversations in the Korean blogosphere: A network approach
Anatoliy Gruzd
Chung joo Chung
Han woo Park
Text Analysis, Implementation, Blog Networks, Text Mining, Automated Network Discovery
Over the past decade, social sciences have greatly benefited from the development of e-research tools
that enable researchers to study and understand how people use and interact with each other on the
Internet via blogs and other such technologies. However, the majority of these tools tend to be optimized
for studying English-speaking websites, ignoring the fast growing non-English speaking parts of the
Internet. However, in non-English speaking countries such as South Korea, where 80 percent of the
population now has access to the Internet, there is a lack of e-research tools that can be used to study
this phenomenon. To remedy this deficiency, we are developing and evaluating a new social network
discovery algorithm and an e-research tool called the Korean Internet Network Miner (KINM). KINM can
automatically discover and analyze online communication networks within the Korean blogosphere. The
paper illustrates the process of developing and evaluating this new e-research tool.
To evaluate KINM, we used the system to analyze social interactions on a popular Korean political blog
called “Bangzza”. We found that the communication networks that were discovered automatically using
KINM are a good and accurate approximation of the actual social connections that exist between the
blogger and blog commentators. Furthermore, we confirmed that a network representation of blog
comments can make it much easier, faster and cheaper to analyze social interactions among online
participants.
Page 581
Abstract
Substantiating the network perspective based on by Bourdieu´s habitus and field theory
Marina Hennig
Steffen Kohl
Network Theory, Actor Network Theory
Although the concept of social networks has been highlighted in a number of empirical studies across a
wide range of different contexts, this concept constitutes more an “orientation statement” (Schenk 1984)
than a social theory. Network analysis has often been critiqued for neglecting individual activities as well
as socially prescribed norms and values (White et al. 1976, Wellman and Berkowitz 1988). Answers to
questions about the emergence, reproduction, and change of networks often lead to a lack of
explanation.
The social philosopher Pierre Bourdieu provides with his habitus and field theory starting points for the
formulation of a theoretical motivated concept of the genesis of social networks. Both, network theory
and habitus and field theory are based on a relational perspective, which makes it possible to combine
both approaches.
From the perspective of habitus theory, network structures can be considered as a model of social
practices that entail deeper underlying sub-structures and that can be generated and changed by the
actors´ habitus. Using this perspective, social networks can be considered in their dependence on the
actors´ positions in the social structure and the associated dispositions of action.
In the talk, we illustrate the basic assumptions of Bourdieu´s habitus and field theory and of the network
perspective, are identify existing commonalities and differences, and pointed out options for
combinations of both approaches.
Page 582
Abstract
Super-nodes are not necessarily super-spreaders!
Timo Smieszek
Lena Fiebig
Infectious Disease, Egocentic Networks, Multi-agent Simulation, Agent Based Models, Weighted Links
Highly connected individuals (super-nodes) are often assumed to act as super-spreaders of infectious
diseases. Pastor-Satorras and Vespignani (2001) proved that in an ideal scale-free network an epidemic
threshold is absent, i.e. infectious diseases can be sustained endlessly regardless how low the
per-contact infection probability is. For both – sexually transmitted diseases like HIV or respiratory
diseases like influenza or SARS – there is a discussion whether public health authorities should
concentrate on super-nodes for treatment and prevention measures. However, most of the studies on
the relevance of super-nodes in epidemiology solely count the number of contacts and ignore the
heterogeneity in intensity and duration of potentially contagious contacts. Under this assumption, the
expected number of secondary cases depends linearly on the number of contact partners.
We will present a exposure-based, mechanistic model of disease transmission that reflects
heterogeneities in contact duration and intensity (cf. Smieszek, 2009). When this model is applied to
empirical contact data, it can be shown that the number of contact partners increases sub-linearly with
the number of contact partners. This can be explained with the fact that the proportion of long and
intensive contacts decreases with the total number of contacts. Accordingly, super-nodes are not
automatically super-spreaders. This holds particularly for diseases with low basic reproduction numbers.
To become a super-spreader, a super-node must also exhibit high shedding rates.
Page 583
Abstract
Sustainability in Functionally Collaborative Virtual Networks and Organizations
Naim Kapucu
Vener Garayev
Network Analysis, Complexity, Virtual Environments, Disaster Response, Sustainability, Content
Analysis
Disasters are characterized by unexpected or unusual size, disruptions to the decision-making
capabilities, and an initial breakdown in coordination and communication. High performance in dealing
with disasters requires an ability to assess and adapt capacity rapidly, restore or enhance disrupted or
inadequate communications, utilize uncharacteristically flexible decision-making, and expand
coordination and trust of emergency response agencies. Moreover, the public increasingly expects
better public sector performance before, during, and after disasters. No single government agency or
governmental jurisdiction alone has the required resources and expertise for a coordinated emergency
management effort. That is why organizations are restructuring into collaborative systems in order to
address complex problems by combining expertise distributed across functions, knowledge specialties,
and geographic locations. Often times these systems face complex and multifaceted goals requiring
distinct teams of public managers to coordinate their efforts and compile crucial information distributed
across a network.
Using content analysis data from a research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), this
research will analyze how virtual organizations created through networks establish, maintain and sustain
their functional networks. It is vital to understand not only how different organizations and entities come
together form a network during complex situations, but also how they sustain that specific network
especially after the mission is accomplished. Since disaster networks serve as a forum to share
responsibilities, information, expertise, and communication, it is crucial to understand the motivational as
well as operational dynamics behind those networks. Findings from this study will contribute insights to
the literature on virtual organizations, and improve the functioning of virtual organizations operating in
emergency response and recovery. In particular, this knowledge will inform needed alterations to the
design, leadership, training, policy, and feedback systems in such organizations.
Page 584
Abstract
TERRITORIAL PACTS BETWEEN COOPERATION AND CONFLICT
Anna maria Zaccaria
Governance, Network Structure
Since the late nineties the so-called “negotiated programming” has been spreading in Italy as well as in
the EU. It includes several economic policy instruments (OECD 2001): area contracts, institutional
program agreements, local pacts etc. The leading idea is that the institutionalized participation of public
actors along with private ones can improve the efficacy of local development policies in their
programming and application.
This paper deals with negotiated programming in the case of italian territorial pacts. We will focus on
three pacts: the Avellino Pact (Hirpinia, Eastern Campania), the Miglio d’Oro Pact (Vesuvius coastal
area), the Locride Pact (Southern Calabria). These pacts had different results: a partial success in the
first case, a failure in the second, a full success in the third. We will discuss the actors of the concerted
actions, the relations established between public and private counterparts, between enterprise and
institutions, between civil society organizations. We’ll make use of Social Network Analysis and will
reconstruct the networks established in each pact, with particular focus on the dynamics of cooperation
and conflict. The main hypothesis is that the success of a local development policy does not depend
only on its basic structural elements. The social interaction between the subjects involved seems to play
a special role, in particular as regards the relational tradition already established between the actors and
the characteristics of the existing social capital within a particular area.
Page 585
Abstract
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRONG TIES AND STRUCTURAL HOLES
Ryuichi Nakamoto
Knowledge Transfer, Organization Theory, Management, R&D, Co-authorship Network, Patents
I propose to investigate the relationship between network structure and network ties using patent data.
Theoretically, the interaction of these different effects is expected to be tested (Gulati, Dialdin & Wang,
2003: Cross & Cummings, 2004). However, the interactive relationship of the network characteristics
has been a remained question in prior research. I argue that network ties complement network structure
because the function is not same.
The function of strong ties and structural holes is quite different, while that of weak ties (Granovetter,
1973) and structural holes are similar (Burt, 1992) . As Burt (2005) points out, the benefits of weak ties
can be explained by the theory of structural holes more clearly. However Burt and other researchers
have not touched one question. This question is what the relationship between “strong” ties and
structural holes is.
I use data of 404 researchers from 500 patents. The analysis was conducted of 404 researchers of top 5
pharmaceutical companies in Japan during 1993-1999. To determine the casual relationship and
investigate the difference of the effects of past and current network, I divided dataset into 1980s and
1990s.
Regarding interaction effects, the results showed that the interactions of network constraint and strong
ties in current network and past network were both significant. In other words, the number of strong ties
is more positively related to individuals’ performance when they have few structural holes. This means
the specific network ties enhance the effects of network structural position and that the effects of
structural hole may not be effective in the Asian context (Xiao and Tsui, 2007).
Page 586
Abstract
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION IN
INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESSES
Jose L. Galan
Cristobal Casanueva
Ignacio Castro
Social Capital, Internationalization , Resource Networks
Research into the social capital of firms in the managerial field has centred on aspects that are linked to
network structures and the nature of network relations. However, little attention has been paid to firms
with greater social capital that have a greater possibility of accessing and mobilizing valuable resources
that belong to other network members (Lin, 1999; Bartjargal, 2003). Moreover, the influence of
inter-organizational relations on the internationalization processes of firms has already been made clear
(Coviello y Cox, 2007). Our research centres on the resource dimension of social capital and uses two
instruments to measure the individual social capital of firms, based on the position generator and the
resource generator (Van der Gaar y Snijders, 2005). Our analysis of previous literature has allowed us
to identify valuable resources and positions for the internationalization processes of Spanish firms. This
has led to the preparation of a questionnaire to measure social capital that has been completed by a
group of firms from different sectors selected from two groups: traditional industries and innovative
industries. The analysis looks at the way in which differences in resource access and mobilization –in
other words, the different social capital of firms- affect their internationalization processes.
Batjargal, B. (2003). Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Performance in Russia: a longitudinal study.
Organization Studies, 24(4)
Coviello, N. and M Cox, M. (2006). The Resource Dynamics of International New Venture Networks.
Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 4, 2-3, 113-132.
Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections. 22(1)
Van der Gaag, M.P.J. and Snijders, T.A.B. (2005). The Resource Generator: measurement of individual
social capital with concrete items. Social Networks. 27:1-29.
Page 587
Abstract
THE SEGREGATION OF CIVIC NETWORKS: RACIAL AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE
VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION NETWORKS
Yanlong Zhang
Nan Lin
Race, Inter-organizational Networks, Gender, Affiliation Networks, Social Movement Theory
This study explores racial and gender differences in civic network participations. It argues that an
adequate understanding of the racial and gender differences in the voluntary participation cannot merely
rely on the analyses of the membership rates. One has to look at the racial and gender differences in
civic network structures, the relative powers of various types of associations in the civic networks, and
factors that contribute to the formation of the observed network features. In terms of gender differences,
this paper finds that men’s civic network has higher degree centrality, and therefore has more capacity
in mobilizing large scale social movements. Domestic-oriented associations are better embedded in
women’s network, while work related organizations are more central in men’s network. With regard to
racial differences, this study reveals that the network of the whites has higher centralization score than
that of the nonwhites’ network, so the whites are comparatively advantageous in mobilizing effective
collective action. Moreover, the nondomestic and work related associations are better embedded in the
networks of the whites, but less central to the civic life of the nonwhites. In addition, in each type class of
associations, those more powerful types of associations are more central to the whites, while those
peripheral organizations are more central for the nonwhites.
Page 588
Abstract
Team assembly and scientific collaboration on NanoHub
Katherine Ognyanova
Noshir Contractor
Meikuan Huang
Yun Huang
Drew Margolin
Cuihua Shen
Scientific Networks, Team Performance, Two-mode Networks, Team Formation, Scientific Publications
The role of teams in the production of knowledge has long interested the academic community. In many
fields, a continuing raise in the complexity and interdisciplinarity of scientific projects has made
collaboration a necessity. Recent findings have confirmed a steady increase in the percentage, quality
and impact of team-produced scholarly works. This process has been further facilitated by advances in
information and communication technologies.
The present study explores the patterns of team formation on NanoHub.org - a platform for virtual
collaboration and learning in the area of nanotechnology. The platform allows scholars to form online
groups working on the development of analytical and simulation software tools. To uncover the
mechanisms of team assembly on NanoHub, this research looks into the properties of a bipartite
network formed by tool-development working parties and their members. Along with network structures
indicating patterns of concurrent collaboration, the study explores factors linked to proximity and
homophily preference of team members. Predictors of collaboration related to member experience, rank,
and seniority - as well as team productivity and success - are also considered.
Page 589
Abstract
Team performance: the role of social networks and technology
Fabiola Bertolotti
Diego M. Macrì
Elisa Mattarelli
Matteo Vignoli
Team Performance, Social Network Analysis, Distributed Teams, Communication Technology,
Co-located Teams
Organizations increasingly use teams, both co-localized and distributed, to perform knowledge intensive
tasks and face fast-pace environmental changes. Although their importance is widely acknowledged, a
growing body of evidences suggests that teams frequently face difficulties in fully realizing their
potential, especially in situations where team members are distributed and interact mainly through
collaborative technologies. The structure of social networks in which teams are embedded is considered
an important predictor of team performance even though, at a group level of analysis, empirical
evidence is still scant. Previous research has investigated the relationships between dense
communication-networ k structure in predicting performance in localized teams and started to link social
network structures to some outcomes of distributed teams such as rapport, trust, ease of coordination.
However, in distributed teams, dense communication and advice networks may be difficult to maintain,
because team members need to avail themselves almost exclusively of communication technologies
(Hinds, McGrath, 2006). Therefore, in this paper, we aim to further investigate the interplay between
technologies and the structure of work-related social networks and its effect on team performance
comparing distributed and collocated teams.
Organizations increasingly use teams, both co-localized and distributed, to perform knowledge intensive
tasks and face fast-pace environmental changes. Although their importance is widely acknowledged, a
growing body of evidences suggests that teams frequently face difficulties in fully realizing their
potential, especially in situations where team members are distributed and interact mainly through
collaborative technologies. The structure of social networks in which teams are embedded is considered
an important predictor of team performance even though, at a group level of analysis, empirical
evidence is still scant. Previous research has investigated the relationships between dense
communication-networ k structure in predicting performance in localized teams and started to link social
network structures to some outcomes of distributed teams such as rapport, trust, ease of coordination.
However, in distributed teams, dense communication and advice networks may be difficult to maintain,
because team members need to avail themselves almost exclusively of communication technologies
(Hinds, McGrath, 2006). Therefore, in this paper, we aim to further investigate the interplay between
technologies and the structure of work-related social networks and its effect on team performance
comparing distributed and collocated teams.
We collected data on 73 R&D professionals, situated across 29 project teams (both co-located and
geographically distributed) and belonging to a multi-national world-leading corporation operating in the
alternative energy industry. We collected data on the advice, communication, potential interaction work
related complete networks Performance was measured by asking both team members and managers to
evaluate the team outcomes in terms of quality of output, respect of budget, deadlines and client
satisfaction. This work contributes to the social network as well as collaboration and distributed work
literature.
Page 590
Abstract
Telecom service diffusion and influence in a network of interlocking directorates.
Johannes Bjelland
Geoffrey Canright
Kenth Engo-Monsen
Rich Ling
Pal R. Sundsoy
Interlocking Directorates, Diffusion, Centrality, Interfirm Networks
We have studied the uptake of telecommunication services among companies that are part of the
Norwegian interlocking directorate network – a network of firms linked by shared steering board
members. This network is extracted from publicly available steering board information and contains
approximately 100k firms and around 1M links.
For a subset of the firms we also have information on adoption and usage of various telecom services.
By linking the Telecom subscription data with steering board network data we are able to study service
uptake on the network. Our goal is to measure whether and how relationships in this steering board
network can play a role in influencing a company’s buying decisions. We use two different methods to
quantify the network dependence of the product diffusion. For both methods we find that the adoption
depends on the network structure and that network neighbors tend to adopt together – for some
services the adoption probability more than doubles when network neighbors are using the same
product!
Page 591
Abstract
Telescopic Analysis of Complex Networks
Massimo Marchiori
Lino Possamai
Measures, Complexity, Missing Data, Geography, Real World Networks, Network Structure
In the last years, scientists are making more and more attention to the study
of complex systems. Interesting properties have been discovered after analysing
big network databases of different types, such as social interactions,
the www, proteins networks, scientific citations and many more.
A complex system is formed by a high number of non-linear interacting
elements, and a networks is a natural abstraction of this system.
An important but so far underestimated problem of many such networks is the
level of detail: network modeling abstracts from a real system, and
such abstraction can be modeled in several ways.
Upside down, some real systems are, for various reasons,
just too difficult to determine in a totally precise way, and so
an apparently correct network modeling could just be a bad approximation.
In order to overcome this problem, we have developed a new kind
of analysis, called telescopic analysis: this, under certain
assumptions, allows to arbitrarily model a network under different
levels of abstraction. Doing so, we are able to study the effects
of abstraction and specialization in the study of networks.
We have successfully applied the analysis to a number of networks,
both artificial and natural, and shown how telescopic analysis can
provide great insights on what changes a network modeling
bears with respect to the real system, and correspondingly also on
what part of network analysis is unsafe under certain modelings.
Page 592
Abstract
Tell your customers what they really want to hear! – Improving the effectiveness of advertising
campaigns in the financial sector using SNA on the Web2.0
Daniel Oster
Detlef Schoder
Johannes Putzke
Kai Fischbach
Peter A. Gloor
Sabrina Steinfels
Marketing and Market Research (Poster)
Marketing, Web Mining, Financial Sector, Blog Networks, Internet/www, Market Research
In an empirical study with a German bank we established an SNA-based methodology to enhance the
effectiveness of online marketing campaigns. To achieve this goal, we first searched for all German
webpages (including blogs and forums) containing the name of a given (financial) product category.
Afterwards, all terms on these pages served as rows and columns of an adjacency matrix (excluding
words from a stopword list like “a” or “the”). If both terms did not occur on the same web page, the
corresponding element in the adjacency matrix was set to 0. If both terms could be found on the same
webpage, the corresponding value in the adjacency matrix was increased by one. Afterwards, we used
centrality measures from (social) network analysis to identify the most relevant terms. Assuming these
terms should boost the effectiveness of a marketing campaign we conducted a field experiment in
collaboration with a German bank, and created banner and Google-AdWords-Campa igns using this
SNA-enhanced wording. In order to control for success, we used the same images and media vehicles
as the most effective traditional banner campaigns proposed by the marketing department of the bank,
but changed the advertised buzzwords only (e.g. from “Sofortkredit (engl. instant loan) to “Restschuld”
(engl. residual debt)). Hence, the most effective traditional campaigns of the bank served as control.
Results indicate that click-through rates were 81% higher in our optimized banner campaign than in the
traditional campaigns. Furthermore, we compared Google-AdWords campaigns using the same
approach. Results indicate that click through rates were 97% higher for the AdWords campaigns based
on the proposed approach. Both results were significant (p < 0,0001).
Page 593
Abstract
Text- and Network-Based Modeling of Political Bloggers
Wojciech Gryc
Karo Moilanen
Longitudinal, Politics, Text Mining
Political blogs are a great opportunity for researchers, as the information stored in text and hyperlinks
allows one to explore community formation, polarization, and discourse surrounding specific political
issues or figures. Unfortunately, analyzing this data by hand is difficult and laborious due to the sheer
number of new posts written every day. Similarly, automatic analysis of political discussions through
unsupervised or supervised machine learning is very challenging, especially when compared to domains
like movie or product reviews. As such, a key research challenge is figuring out how one can combine
the hyperlink network structure of the blogosphere with the textual information contained in blog posts.
Such an approach leverages to important data sets---bloggers' actual posts and their social
networks---to illustrate how political communities evolve due to external and internal events.
In our research, we will show how we combine the use of Natural Language Processing, statistical text
mining, and social network analysis to build a deep understanding of over 16 thousand political bloggers
tracked between April 2008 and May 2009. The data set contains over 2.8 million posts, many of which
discuss various aspects of US politics and the 2008 Presidential election. Our text- and network-based
approach to analyzing bloggers allows us to build a deeper understanding of how bloggers organize by
discussion topics, and how their communities evolve over time.
Page 594
Abstract
TextAnalytics.net: A system for automated discovery of social networks from electronic
communication
Anatoliy Gruzd
Software Demonstration (Poster)
Visualization, Communication Networks, Social Networks On The Web, Data Collection, Automatization
Of Sna, Automated Network Discovery
This presentation will introduce a web-based system called the Internet Community Text Analyzer
(ICTA) for automated discovery of social networks from electronic communication such as emails,
forums, blogs, twitter messages. The system is available at http://textanalytics .net. The main goal of
ICTA is to automate the process of analyzing text-based online interactions and to provide researchers
and other interested parties with effective automated methods to study virtual communities. The
presentation will describe some background information that led to the development of ICTA, its
infrastructure and user interface. In particular, the focus will be on a new method called ‘Name Network’
that allows users to automatically extract social networks from text-based computer-mediated
communication. Once discovered, social networks can provide researchers with an effective mechanism
for studying collaborative processes in virtual communities.
Page 595
Abstract
The Attitudinal Bases of Protest Networks: Attitudes towards the War and Multiple Memberships
in Associations and Protest Communities in the 15 February 2003 Anti-War Demonstrations
Iosif A. Botetzagias
Chrysovaladis Malesios
Collective Action, Embeddedness, Affiliation Networks
In the protest events of 15 February 2003, all around the globe, a heterogeneous multitude of
demonstrators have been challenging the imminent attack on Iraq. From the findings of the International
Peace Protest Survey (IPPS) conducted in eight Western democracies, one can get a clear description
of the organizational affiliation of the participant protesters, their attitudes and positions with respect to
the war, its causes and possible effects. In fact, according to Mario Diani (Acta Sociologica, 2009, vol.
52, 63-83), these protesters are not only involved in a variety of associations, but they also participate in
a number of protest communities. An analysis of the corresponding 2-mode social networks of multiple
memberships reveals the formed structural patterns among these associations and protest communities
in each country. However, these patterns exhibit a considerable structural variation across countries
and, thus, the question is to understand what produces such a national variety.
Here we are testing the hypothesis that the emerging inter-organizational structures across countries
might be explained by common beliefs, attitudes, positions and stances about the war that
demonstrators from these countries might hold. For this purpose, we are assessing not only the
structural embeddedness of associations in the various national networks, but also the 2-mode
structural embeddedness of the attitudinal variables (and the induced network of attitudes) on the
organizational network of associations. By employing a Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) where
the structural embeddedness of associations on their network is the dependent variable while they type
of association; the national Political Opportunity Structure; the governmental stance vis-à-vis the Iraqi
war; and, the structural embeddedness of associations on the (induced) network of attitudes are the
predictors, we find that the latter is the most important predictor, thus confirming our initial hypothesis.
Page 596
Abstract
The Calculated Community: A Critique on the Neoliberal Ethics of ‘Social Media’
Ingrid M. Hoofd
Critical Theory, Social Media, Change
In mathematics, the field of calculus calculates change over a finite amount of time. Such calculations
are in turn mobilized in a variety of disciplines, of which social network analysis is one. Social network
analysis typically seeks to understand the relationships between distinct elements by way of calculating
and representing their closeness. However, what such an analysis fails to capture is the element of
process or change that increasingly informs contemporary networks and their elements: statistical and
graphic representations of a network are always simplified excisions in time. The aspect of change is
nonetheless one of the watchwords of the current neoliberal paradigm: popular rhetoric around new
media for instance – whether these concern the old mailing-lists or the new ‘social media’ – has always
emphasized the alleged connection- and community-building aspect of these technologies, thus
claiming that new media ‘change society for the better.’ Simultaneously though, critics of technology like
Paul Virilio and Jean Baudrillard argue convincingly that new media engender a disconnection and
fragmentation – or a ‘change for the worst’ – of old communities due to new media’s aesthetic of
acceleration and simulation, urging us to revive a more just communal living in the face of
individualization. Indeed, one could argue that, if communities and their analyses are becoming
increasingly ‘computerized’ and calculated, the new digital prostheses provide us instead with an illusion
of community, in which a reaching out to the other is really a hell (or heaven) of the Same. This paper
will address how the networked community today hinges on the conceptual and technological tension
between calculation and change (as well as ‘calculating change’). It will explore how the representations
of and the arguments for networked community in social network analyses are symptoms of the
harnessing of change and risk through ‘social media’ for neoliberal capital by way of an emphasis on
connectivity – eventually arguing that such a risk management can nonetheless never harness change
over an infinite amount of time. Therefore, this critique on ‘social media’ importantly also allows a
re-opening of the philosophical debate between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ infinity in the works of Descartes and
Hegel.
Page 597
Abstract
The Co-evolution of Gossip and Friendship at Work. Studying Multiplex Social Networks
Lea Ellwardt
Christian Steglich
Rafael Wittek
Intra-organizational Networks, Multiplexity, Gossip, Siena, Friendship Formation
Friendships at work have consistently been found to increase job satisfaction. One way of establishing
friendships is the activity of gossip, defined as informal and evaluative talking about absent others.
Some scholars argue that gossiping serves the social function of bonding, and predict friendship
building between gossiping people over time. Other scholars, however, argue that the existence of
friendships is not a result but a precondition of gossip, because the social structure of a network
constrains a person’s opportunity to gossip. According to this view, gossip relations are formed
depending on the friendship network. Despite their congruence in the stated positive relationship
between friendship and gossiping, both views contradict one another in the predicted causality. We
study friendship and gossip as co-evolving phenomena to disentangle this causality issue. Longitudinal
social network analyses are carried out on real-life sociometric data from a Dutch childcare organization
(N=45). Both gossip and friendship ties are incorporated as dependent networks in one model. Using
the Multiple Siena program we test the multiplex co-evolution of gossip and friendship ties. E.g. one
hypothesis is that gossip activities tend to be reciprocated with friendship nominations. Preliminary
results indicate support for both theoretical views. The causal effect of gossiping on friendship formation,
however, seems to be stronger. We therefore conclude that friendship is no necessary precondition of
gossiping.
Page 598
Abstract
The Concept of Social Movement Revisited: An Empirical Investigation.
David B. Tindall
Joanna L. Robinson
Mario Diani
Collective Action, Two-mode Networks, Social Movement Theory
Membership and participation in a social movement is sometimes arbitrarily defined by membership in a
particular type of organization, attendance at a protest event, or participation in a movement related
activity. Such nominal definitions have been criticized on various theoretical grounds. By contrast, Diani
(1992:1) has defined social movements as “... networks of informal interactions between a plurality of
individuals, groups and/or organizations, engaged in political or cultural conflicts, on the basis of shared
collective identities.” (See also Diani and Bison 2004). In the present study we use nation wide survey
data on members of environmental organizations in Canada to empirically assess the implications of
Diani’s definition. We compare and contrast members and non-members of the movement by using
Diani’s scheme to operationalize our survey data (e.g. individuals characterized by the three criteria of
Diani’s definition as being social movement participants verus nominal environmental group members
who do not fit this definition). We compare these two categories of environmental organization members
to see if there are significant differences between the two groups in terms of socio-demographic-ec
onomic attributes, attitudes, and participation in environmental activities. We also utilize this definition,
and our empirical indicators, to consider which major environmental organizations cans reasonably be
included as part of the environmental movement, and which ones fall outside of it. Finally, we discuss
these results as another potential contribution to the accumulating literature on social movement
outcomes.
Page 599
Abstract
The Contribution of School Context to Stability on Adolescent Friendship Networks
Jodi L. Ford
Christopher R. Browning
Adolescents, Schools, Multilevel Analysis, Network Stability, Friendship Network
Adolescent friendships are vital to our social development, but little is known about the role of contextual
disadvantage in shaping friendship networks over time. This study addresses these gaps and examines
the extent to which school social disorganization, school network structure and school social processes
contribute to changes in structure and closeness of adolescent friendship networks. We use secondary
data from Add Health, Wave I-Wave II linked with the 1994-1995 Adolescent Health and Academic
Achievement Study (AHAA). The sample includes public high school students in 9th-11th grade at Wave
I. Data sources include school district administrative data and school administrator and student surveys.
School social disorganization measures parallel those in the literature on neighborhood social
disorganization and include concentrated poverty, racial/ethnic heterogeneity and teacher/student
mobility. Measures of school network structure include relative density, mutuality and proportion of
out-of-school friendship nominations. School social processes include aggregate mean measures of
school attachment/closeness and school safety. Lastly, measures of our dependent variables, (1)
change in adolescent friendship structure include level of change in ego send and receive network size,
density and best friends and (2) change in adolescent friendship closeness include level of change in
network time spent together between Waves I and II. Analyses include development of network
measures and multilevel modeling to examine the effects of school context on friendship network
change. Our presentation includes discussion of findings and the importance of considering context in
studies of network stability.
Page 600
Abstract
The Development of Public Health Systems and Services Research: A Citation Network Analysis
Kate E. Beatty
Jenine K. Harris
Academic and Scientific Networks (Poster)
Networks And Health, Citation Networks, Public Health, Healthcare, Citation Analysis
As the public health system (PHS) has adapted and grown over time, the field of public health systems
and services research (PHSSR) has also grown. Over many decades PHSSR has evaluated system
structures, functions, and outcomes with the goal of increasing efficiency and effectiveness. Through
crafting a more efficient and effective system, the ultimate goal of PHSSR is to improve population
health. Today the PHS is facing unprecedented challenges including an aging population, an increase in
chronic disease, threats of bioterrorism, natural disasters, and pandemic influenza. PHSSR is critical to
understanding and meeting these challenges. Through an analysis of over 150 years of PHSSR
research, this study identifies where PHSSR has been, how PHSSR has been defined, and where
PHSSR is, and maybe should be going. Experts in PHSSR identified 15 key articles in the field. Using
Web of Science, we collected 6,755 publications linked in one or two steps from the 15 key articles. We
used citation network analysis to examine the resulting network, which includes articles, reports, books,
and other works dating back to 1850. Each publication was cited an average of 1.25 times (range 0-94)
and cited 1.25 publications (range 0-433). We coded articles for topic and approach and identified
trends, strengths, and gaps in PHSSR. We identified a number of prominent publications and turning
points in PHSSR, including: the 1921 APHA report, outlining the need for data collection related PHS
services; the 1988 IOM Report, which shifted the focus from services to core functions; and an article by
Baker et al. (1994), which redefined public health practice to include community partners. The strengths,
gaps, and turning points paint a picture of a field with the potential to affect change in our struggling
system. By drawing on our history, PHSSR can meet the challenge of our future.
Page 601
Abstract
The Development of Trust in Intact and Stepfamilies: A social Network Perspective
Eric D. Widmer
Ivan De-Carlo
Trust, Life Cycle, Kinship, Family
Families are often considered an example of thick and cohesive social capital based on a high level of
trust. Scholars intuitively compare strong ties inside the family to weak ties outside the family. The
complexity of contemporary families and the various non normative transitions that they currently
experience questions this set of assumptions and suggests that social capital is an individualized
resource in families of late modernity. Based on a sample of 100 women with a child between three and
sixteen, we test three complementary hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that trust of family
members depend on household membership and family status (father, mother, etc.). The second
hypothesis emphasizes the importance of dyadic properties of ties, such as frequency of contact,
reciprocity of support and interpersonal conflict. The third hypothesis focuses on network properties
such as density and centralization of family networks. Using social network methods, we we show that
mechanisms associated with hypothesis two and hypothesis three account for a large share of the
distribution of trust in families, as well as for the impact of family statuses. The importance of the results
for the understanding of contemporary families is discussed.
Page 602
Abstract
The Dynamic Duality of Adolescents’ Friendship Network
Chyi-In Wu
Yu-Ting Huang
Social Network, Friendship Network
While most studies focused on the positive side of adolescent’s friendship network, several recent
research findings have initiated into a rivalry-like relationship, indicating that daily friendship network
somehow follows a forward-backward trajectory, implying changing dynamic in the long run. Since the
“shadow” side of adolescent’s enemy network for long is left unsettled, the study intends not only to
recognize the “sunny” side of adolescents’ friendship networks, but the “dark” side of adolescents’
friendship characteristics. Whether there exits the coexistence of both side, say “frenemy”, is also
conducted in order to describe on the reality of adolescent’s friendship.
The main goal of this study is attempting to sketch out adolescents’ friendship changes from unknown,
friends, and troubled to later diverse relationships with 7 waves of panel nominating data. The research
has tentatively found that adolescents’ friendship not only contains two discrete facets, that one is friend
and the other is enemy, but displays an overlap over time, implying that a dual “frenemy” phenomenon
does exist. Moreover in this study, how boys and girls in different class context treat friendship
differently and relationships between friendship network and developmental outcomes are addressed for
further discussions.
Page 603
Abstract
The Effectiveness of Seeding Viral Marketing Campaigns to Central and Peripheral Actors in
Social Networks
Johannes Putzke
Lukas Dopstadt
Detlef Schoder
Kai Fischbach
Viral Marketing, Influentials, Experiments
The diffusion of social media has lead to an increasing amount viral marketing campaigns and electronic
word-of-mouth (eWOM) in the Internet. However, there is still a remarkable gap in research which
customers should serve as initial seeds of a viral campaign. On the one hand, one might argue that
seeding the viral message to central actors in a social network might trigger the diffusion of the
campaign. On the other hand, simulation studies provide evidence that the total number of people
involved in a viral marketing cascade does not differ substantially between campaigns that were seeded
to people who are central in a social network, and campaigns that were seeded to random people.
Empirical evidence for both propositions is still sparse. Hence, the authors conducted a series of
(controlled) field experiments in collaboration with a German marketing agency and several of its clients,
in which they compared the effectiveness of both approaches. Furthermore, they surveyed participants
of the campaigns about their motivations to participate, strengths of their ties, perceived social pressure
and image of the advertising companies. At Sunbelt, the authors will present the results of their
analyses. The analyses base on campaigns that had up to 200,000 visitors while sending the initial viral
message to less than 200 people.
Page 604
Abstract
The Election Game: The Intersection between Social Networks and Electoral Choice in a Rural
Laboratory
Derek K. Stafford
Douglas A. Hughes
Behavior Change, Local Networks, Voting, Informal Institution
Although many scholars have studied the role of peer influence and social networks on electoral choice,
data limitations have bounded the types of testable hypotheses. We turned several towns into social
laboratories to study these phenomena in a controlled setting. In the rural areas of a Central American
country, we conducted network analyses of 32 geographically isolated towns comprised of nearly 5000
respondents. We essentially collected censuses of these towns in which we have average population
response rates of 87%, and built a new computer program (Netrik) for collecting this data that
significantly reduces measurement error from the relational questions by using the pictures of people for
cross identification. Finally, we played several behavioral economic games in each town including an
original game that held elections at a town meeting for a representative with real economic incentives at
stake. In this paper, we examine the role between the social network, which acts as an informal
institution to constrain and enable choice, and the electoral results, concluding that networks have a
predictable, measurable effect.
Page 605
Abstract
The Game of Contacts: Estimating The Visibility of Social Groups
Matthew J. Salganik
Maeve B. Mello
Alexandre H. Abdo
Neilane Bertoni
Francisco I. Bastos
HIV/STD, Data Collection, Drug Use, Sex Work, Personal Networks, Scale-up
Estimating the sizes of hard-to-count populations is a challenging and
important problem that occurs frequently in social science, public
health, and public policy. This problem is particularly pressing in
HIV/AIDS research because the sizes of the most at-risk
populations---drug injectors, men who have sex with men, and sex
workers---are both difficult to estimate and of critical importance for
designing, evaluating, and funding programs to stop the spread of the
disease. A promising new approach in this area is the network scale-up
method which uses information about the social networks of respondents
to make population size estimates. However, the scale-up method can
produce estimates that are potentially much too small if members of the
target population have low social visibility. In this paper, we develop
and test a method to estimate several aspects of the social visibility
groups. Our method turns the sometime laborious task of collecting
network data into a game-like activity that we call {\it the game of
contacts}. The application of the method to a study of heavy drug users
in Curitiba, Brazil $(n=294)$ is described. The estimates produced by
the game were consistent with expectations, but of surprising
magnitude. Further, the data appear to be high-quality. While
motivated by the specific problem of population size estimation, our
method adds to long-standing efforts to combine the richness of social
network analysis with the power and scale of sample surveys and could be
used by social researchers more broadly.
Page 606
Abstract
The Generalized Method of Moments for the estimation of the parameters in the stochastic
actor-oriented model.
Viviana Amati
Tom A. Snijders
Network Dynamics, Generalized Method Of Moments
In the stochastic actor-oriented model for network dynamics, the most often used procedure for
paramater estimation is the Method of Moments (MoM), which estimates the parameters using one
observed statistic for each estimated parameter. Here a different estimation method is proposed, which
can use more statistics per parameter. The idea is to define new statistics which take into account the
different ways of creating and deleting ties to which a certain effect can contribute. Having more than
one statistic for a single parameter leads to an over-identified system of equations, so that the ordinary
MoM cannot be applied. A suitable method then is the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), an
estimation technique mainly used in econometrics, and potentially more efficient than the MoM. Like the
regular MoM, the GMM is based on the differences between the expected values of the statistics and
their sample counterparts, but the GMM involves the minimization of a quadratic function of these
differences rather than setting all differences to 0. This means that an extra problem arises of
determining a matrix of weights reflecting the different importance and correlations of the statistics used.
An optimization-simulat ion algorithm is used, following the approach suggested by Gelman (1995) and
based on the Newton-Raphson algorithm.
Page 607
Abstract
The Geographical Distribution of Personal Networks of Migrants in Barcelona
Jose luis Molina
Miranda j. Lubbers
Juergen Lerner
Ulrik Brandes
Fabien Pelissier
Migration, Geographic Mobility, Personal Networks
In order to explore the value added by the geographical information attached to social networks we
collected during January-June 2009 personal networks of 75 people from three collectives: Sikhs (25),
Chinese (25) and Filippineans (25) living in Barcelona. Each of the 75 Egos nominated 30 Alters using a
free listing name generator looking for active contacts and, along with the description of each alter, her
geographical location was recorded. In the case that both ego and alter lived in Barcelona, the location
of the main place of interaction was also recorded. The personal networks were collected with the aid of
EgoNet wich presents a visualization of the personal network in order to conduct an interview with the
informant.
The two questions addressed in the research were:
• Looking to a sample of some ethnics groups … how we can map simultaneously their local, regional
and transnational relationships?
• Is there any relationship between the “Diaspora” (average geographical distance among alters for each
person and/or each ethnic group) and the social support locally available?
The social networks and the geographical distribution of social ties among countries were represented
aggregating the 25 personal networks available for each ethnic group in a 4-node graph layout (Brandes
et al. 2008). Also, with the aid of the SIG software Arcview maps showing the distribution of active
contacts at the local (Barcelona), regional (Catalunya and Spain) and international level were designed
for each ethnic group.
These representations showed a great deal of variation in the pattern of distribution of active contacts
among these three ethnics groups, being the Sikhs who showed a more widespread distribution of
active contacts, the Chinese in Barcelona a more embeddedness in the Spanish society (specially men
through work relationships) and the Filippeneans a dyadic relationship between Spain and the Filipinas
with a pattern of ethnic enclave in Barcelona segregated for the rest of population (specially in the case
of women working in the domestic service).
Relating to the second question we found that distance matters in finding local support available
measured as the degree of intimacy with local contacts maintained by ego as far as the geographical
dispersion of active contacts is inversely related to this measure.
Page 608
Abstract
The German Upper Echelon Network: Principles Determining Network Structure
Julia Brennecke
Olaf N. Rank
Anja Tuschke
Exponential Random Graph Models, Interlocking Directorates, Homophily, Corporate Elites, Upper
Echelons
Interlocking directorate networks have been widely researched with respect to the underlying motives of
their formation (e.g. cooptation and monitoring) as well as their influence on organizational actions (e.g.
transfer of organizational practices). Yet, little is known about the principles that determine the network
structure and about the individuals creating the ties. The present study examines the joint
board-membership of executive and supervisory directors of the largest German firms along with the
directors’ individual characteristics like age, education or tenure. It addresses the following questions:
How do directors’ attributes influence their position within the network? What is the underlying principle
shaping the creation of ties? According to the concept of homophily, individuals tend to create ties with
similar others. By contrast, studies on team effectiveness show greater overall success for teams whose
members complement each other’s characteristics. Applying a family of exponential random graph
models (ERGM), we investigate which of the two principles, homophily versus complementarity,
determines the selection of directors to fill board positions and hence influences tie-creation within and
between boards. While prior research has focused on the influence of directors’ attributes within top
management teams, the present study contributes to research on upper echelons by investigating the
impact of these characteristics on board appointments. Furthermore, it broadens the field of interlocking
directorates by identifying key attributes of the individuals creating network ties.
Page 609
Abstract
The Global Diffusion of Tobacco Control
Heather Wipfli
Kayo Fujimoto
Thomas W. Valente
Two-mode Data, On-line Communities, Diffusion, Politics, Communication Networks
In 2003, the 56th World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the WHO Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control (FCTC) which is a set of tobacco control regulations including a ban on tobacco
advertising, specification regarding warning labels, and prohibitions on smoking in the workplace. As of
January 2009, approximately 85% of the member countries (N=163) have ratified FCTC. This paper
analyzes factors associated with country adoption of the FCTC comparing country attributes,
participation in FCTC negotiations, and participation in electronic online tobacco control network. These
data were used to determine whether network exposure to prior FCTC adoptions was associated with a
country’s likelihood of adoption. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher income and being
involved in FCTC negotiations were associated with being among the earliest adopters (AOR=2.41, 95%
CI=1.55, 3.74 for income; AOR=1.66, 95% CI=1.26, 2.17 for NGOs) or among early adopters
(AOR=1.42, 95% CI=1.09, 1.84 for income; AOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.03, 1.45 for NGOs in FCA). Network
exposure and event history analysis show that in addition to income, likelihood of adoption increased
with increasing affiliation exposure to FCTC adopters through GLOBALink, an online network.
Page 610
Abstract
The Governance and Effectiveness of Whole Networks. Testing Propositions from Provan and
Kenis (2008) in the Dutch Water Sector
Joerg Raab
Stefan Keijl
Roy Neijland
Keith Provan
Interorganizational Coordination, Inter-organizational Networks, Whole Networks, Governance, Network
Performance
In attempting to contribute to the management of whole networks, i.e. consciously created goal directed
inter-organizational networks, Provan and Kenis (2008) recently suggested three ideal types of network
governance, the shared-governance, the lead organization and the network-administrati ve organization
mode. In addition, they formulate propositions under which conditions they will be effective. The key
independent variables in their theoretical framework are “trust density”, “need for network level
competencies”, “size” and “goal consensus”.
We analyze the (governance) structure and effectiveness of networks with a network administrative
organization and with a shared governance mode and subsequently test several of the propositions with
regard to structural characteristics, governance and effectiveness of inter-organizational networks in the
framework of the Dutch Water Sector. The overarching goal of these about 15 networks is to promote
and jointly market the expertise of public, private and non-profit organizations in the Netherlands in the
area of water management abroad.
Page 611
Abstract
The Impact of Network Embeddedness on Firm Survival: The Case of Biotechnology
Olaf N. Rank
ERGM/P*, Interorganizational Networks, Firm Survival, Biotechnology
Collaborative networks have been suggested to represent a competitive advantage for companies
especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in knowledge-intense industries.
Consequently, it has been argued that the collectivity of relational ties companies establish with others
in the industry will help them to perform and ultimately to survive. In this paper, the relationship between
network structure and firm survival is studied for the members of a biotech cluster located in the
Southwest of Germany. The member firms consist of small and medium-sized biotech companies as
well as established pharmaceutical and chemical companies as well as research institutions. Data on
collaborative ties have been collected by face-to-face interviews with the CEOs and other senior
managers of all member firms. In addition, we have recorded the long-term success of the
biotech-SMEs by checking whether they were still in business several years later. Six years after the
initial data collection, 25 % of all SMEs had gone out of business. The analysis of the relational structure
of the biotech network is performed in two steps. First, the relational patters of the network are
investigated applying a class of exponential random graph models. The results reveal two interesting
aspects: (1) The relational tie

SunBelt XXX Abstract Proceedings

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