Ann_St_Rsrch_Paper

,Aπ ηοι
αι
′
as`%ル ηιfン sω πん〕
喚 ″ /29
げ
血
↓
Carrle Allls
Mn」 ohnson
Enghsh lo4
15 Ap■ 2009
Dollble― sPaCC
The Problems l■ th and Possibihues of
Online ColxIIxlllmtieS
申
Indent nve
The emergence of onhne social networks has raised controversial
SPaCeS Or
one― half illch.
questions abOut the lneaning of identiサ and COltrllnmty in cyber―
space.For example,to what extent do the identlties users craft for
onhne coIIImuniCation nlatch their real identity?And to what extent
does a virtual conlmunity approxillnate the traditions and values
associated with real face― to― face conttmmties?These questions have
prompted lrla■ ly researchers to pOint to the abuses of onhne commm―
cation.However9 other researchers,while acknoMtteQttng the pOtential
dangers of onhne co― ― cation,remain enthusiastic about the edu―
cational value of social networks and their importance to democracy
and citizensmp.
Dollble― sPaCe
be● leen ever、 ′
A mttor abuse often encountered in the、 ハrtual world is“ cyberbul―
bパngP'Accortt
to mll肛cKenna,cyberbtting iS``sendlng threatettg
messages,cuspla"ぼ 瑶 pnvate messages,and posthg embarrassh、 ョv■ deo
or photos onb“ ′
'McKerlna
expm thatby ass― mg
a false identibら
person can enter the supposett safe WVOrld of a chat room and spread
an sOrts Of destrucuve in面 。rコ ■2uon abOut other members Of the online
conHnunity Beca・ use the targets Of such cyberbuttg haVe nO Tlray
to correct the destructlve量 』oEXlation,they can become exbremely
depressed After being 00ntmually taunted m her ylySpace prome,
a15下arr
on grl frOm suburbm飢
.ms∞姉協sud“
“
餌ab⑮
a
lille
ブ Aη ηο
ι
αttα S協 ルη ンs%π ん〕
喚 ″ /29
`ム
P
Jbl
↓
Carrle Ahls
Mn」 ohnson
Engush lo4
15 Ap皿 2oo9
Dolible‐ sPaCe
The Problems l■ th and Possibihues of
Onhne Conlnlumties
申
The emergence of ome social networks has raised controversial
questions about the trxlealrlmg Of identity and conlllllllnlty in cyber―
11ldent ive
SPaCeS Or
one― half il,ch.
space.For exanlple,to what extent do the identities users craft for
online coxnlxlunication lnatch their real identity?And to M″
hat extent
does a virtual conmmmty apprOxilIIlate the tradtions and values
associated Mnth real face― to‐ face
cominities?These questions have
prompted maw researchers to point to the abuses of onhne comlnuni―
cation.HoMreve■ other researchers,w帷 ile acknowleむ ng the potential
dangers of onhne co― unication,remain enthusiastic about the edu―
cational value of social networks and their importance to democracy
and cltizenshp
Double― sPace
be● 17eCn eVerv
A trllttor abuSe often encountered m tlle、 4rtual wvorld is“ cyberbul―
耽
′
'Accord力 agtO
PЫ ■[cKenna,cyberbungis``sendmg threate― g
messages,displarng pnvate messages,and posthg embarrasshg、 嗜deo
or photos onhne"IИ cKenna expk五 ns that by ass― g a false identit a
person can enter tlle suppOsettr safe Tlrorld of a chat room and spread
a」
l sorts Of destロ ロcuve士 面Orn■ 2極 on about other members of the online
comu『 it「 BeCause the targets Of such cyberb¨
g haVe no wvay
to correct the destructlve t』 onllation,they can become extremely
depressed.After being continua■ y taunted m her■ こySpaCe prome,
a15下arr on an"om suburbm飢 .ms∞m協
sud“
“
餌ab0
lille
π
ππ′
ルι
οハ化 4 Dο ι
30/A6れ づ
ttι
づ
Oη
血
s2
A related abuse is`tvわ erstang.''Accorф ng tO a report from
the Uhited States Departinent of」 ustice,1999R"Ort Oれ C1/berstα ι
lc―
aル r La71D EψrCeれθれιαtt
″Цフ
trLg,A Neω CIЮ ι
t可 ,Omme
L戯
stakmg
“
is simllar to o量 hne stalklng BOth stalkers engage ln repeated and
llnwelcome threatenmg sexual behavion However・ onhne stalkers can
explore online colrnmurities,such as datlng sites,to galn extensive
personal informatlon about their victiIIIIS The report acknowledges
that M潰 五le onhne stalk力 ng lnay not involve physical contact,it lnay
QuOtadOn:
QuOte frOm
governlnent
docutnent on Web
SeFVe aS a lprelude to more serious behaviorlincluttg physical
violence."Tom Zene■ 」n reports a particularly slnster case of
cyberstandngi the stalker not only bombalrded lis vicum,an innOcent
44-year‐ old publiShng executive in l肛 anhattan,Ⅵ 減th lnenaclng sextlal
threats,but he also encouraged Others to stalk her by posting her
QuOtatiOn:
QuOte frOm
onlne newsPaper
Tfun name,address and phOne n1lTnbet along■ ■th a soncitauOn tO
can and drOp by her home"
The cause of these omne abuses and many other problerns
associated Ⅵith on山 ヒЮ Social networks is“ Internet Attcuon.''Like
other forms of adactiOn― drug abuse,alcohousm and gambhng
lnternet AddlctiOn is a COmpulSiVe behav■ or caused by the need to
escape everyday problems.3hmberly s Yolmg pOints out some of the
signs Of lnternet AddlCtiOn:
Qu。 ●■On from
book
卜・
―
―
If ure feel isolated,Mre can pour out our repressed feemgs
and act out h■ dden aspects of Ollrselves in nleeting rOOms
Long QuCtaion:
QuOtatiOn of
and interactive galxles r we 10ng for love and affection,
b■ es is set off
but fear raection 9r ADS,we can crtllse for cybersex
more■ an
four
from text andお
ποιPlaced Ⅵi■h
And if We are bored Mttth our faniv Or cymcal about
quotation marks.
socie、、we can retreat into a subCulture of lnternet
5 Aη ηο
ι
α″a
2ψ ″ /31
Sr27グ 御ι
」
シs′απん
addcts who offer support,encouragement,excttement
and intngue,and IIIrlaybe even an董 1、 itation to come Fun
Doculnentadon:
ne parendletical
reference to Ыock
awlray from it an (29_5o)
quotationJら JJ● ωS
tlle inal mark of
wOrkmg Mnth the strate」 eS used to(hagnose Other cOmpulsive
puncm● Oll.
ぬ sorders,Wollng devised a quest1011ndre that asked lnternet users
questions such as,“ Do you feel restless,moo、,depressed or irritable
when attempting tO cut dowrn or stop lnteFnet uSe?"(3).RespOn―
dents to the questiolllnaire who Young classned as addlcts attFnited
that they``were lnvesthg more and more time onhne at greater a.nd
greater cost to their real hves''(5).
Although the accessibinけ Of Otte con】 宝mcauOn prOv■ des op―
po■ 1瀾 饉ties for abuse and attction,IrllttQy researchers remtt con、
嗜nced
that on■ me sodal netw7orks enend and enriCh the way users experience
the world.In parucular9量 x五宙 dllnlS who are trapped Or excluded by dls―
abilities express feemgs Of liberauon as a result of their abihty to com―
xllumcate online.In Aι ttr Egο ′
助
ι
αrs α磁 ワ tr Cκ αι
οrs,」 ason
“
Rowe,a
severeけ handCapped boy frolln Crosby TexaS,explaans how the― bud
Doculnentadon:
Cites b00k dde
to idend,source
world has changed hs sense ofidentittr and 00Π Hnmb「
Onhne it doesn't matter what you look hke.
. In the real
world,people can be llnco面 ortable arollnd me before they
get tO know me and reahze that,apart frOnl my outer ap―
pearance,I'm just like them
..The internet ehnlinates
how you look in real ttfe,so you get tO knour a persOn by
their lnind and personttt Coopen
._ _____‐
Long QuOtadOn:
QuOte frOm
book Ⅵ咀th no
一
In adduon to nberatiOn,researchers report that users of social
networks fepl emched by their abiuty tO cOmmcate Mttth and lm―
derstand people all over the urOrld Ntharrl C.Diehl and Esther Prins
page numbers
α′
32/A Gπ づ
zπ ′ α″Oη
A狂 ノ
4 Dο ι
22ι
`ο
,
Ahls 4
report that``participation in`SL'ISecOnd Lifel enllanced participants'
intercultural hteracy"Their research revealed that``SL''participants
gained a``greater awareness of insider cultural perspectives and
Short QuotatiOn:
QuOteヽ Юrked
into"riter's K2-
sentence
Documentation:
Author and Page
number enclosed
in Parentheses
opelrlness toward new viewpoints"
Many researchers argue that the most promising prospect for On‐
V
hne social netTIJorks is their abihty to``revltahze cltizen based democ―
racy''(Rheingold xxlx)A compelllng example of hoMr such networks
can recoIInect ahenated cttizens to the pohtical proCess is the election
of Barack Obama.ThroughOut lis campaign,obama's staff used the
lnternet to form a comm― ty of suppOrters whO COmlnllmcated v直 th
each other about the IIla」 or issues being debated in the campaign.Once
he became President,Obalxla held the nrst lnternet town hall forlun
llrhere citizens from across the country oontributed over 1 00,000
questions and then watched their president answer a Mnde range of
He also answered a questlon
Short QuotatiOn:
thOughtful questlons about the econoN、
QuOte frOm
about``Mぬ ether legahzコ ng mar」 uana might stimulate the econoコ Qy by
onune ne、 vsPaper.
nalne
A■ lthor's
enclosedぃ idin
Parentheses
a1loMang the gOvernllnent to re自 ュlate and tax the drug''(St01berg)
The``rnarl」 uana question"suggests the possibihties and prob―
lems in the virtual Mrorld may be no dlfferent than the possibihtieS
and problems in the real Tlrorld.Both v″ orldS enable you to nnd ideas,
share information,COnnect vnth other people and contribute to your
comIIntlnit"Both M″ Orlds also enable you to(通 Sguse your ident雌
Documentaion:
Au■ or's nalne
used to introduce
quote
,
abuse Other people,escape into fantasies and ask Silly questions HoMr
you participate in bOth worlds is up to you Est卜 er Dyson argues that
what you do onhne could or shOuld change your offline life“ by lnak―
ing yOu less Mttlhng tO accept thngs the way they are and lnore sure
Page numbers
enclosed恥 i血
Parentheses
of your abihty to bu■ ld a ltt tO sut yOurser and yOur family"(210)
J Aη ηο
ι
α″グS`zdι ηιLsωπ力)喚″ /33
Ｆ Ｉ ▼
Ahtls 5
]7orks Cied
Coopet Robbie Aι ter Egο ′Jの αtars
a7れ α Thetr Crea7tο rs
London:Chais
Dolible― sPat‐ e
Boot,2007:lIPage.P五 nt
Diehl,￢ ぬlhara C.,and Esther P■ ns ``l■ intended Consequences in`SL':
甲
Intercultural Llteracy and Cultural ldenuty in a、
La“
tOれ
ι ra/ι Coれ れ れtCα ι
αθθαれdIれ tercし ι
“
“
“
Artual World"
82(May 2008):
101-18 ERIC.Web.16 Feb.2009.
Indel〕 t■ ve
SPaCeS・
Sample entry:
υtng tれ ι
れeDり ttα ιAge
DysOn,Esthen Reteα se 2 0:A Destれ メ
A book by one
author
'r Lι
New York:BroadMr銘 1997 Prmt
Medium of
Malone,Roy``Onhne Harassment一 =A Hoax,a Suicid― a」 ournalistic
Dilenllna'St Lο しts
c」oし れ
θの
αι
お7れ Reυ ι
pubLcation
Dec 2007 BNET￢面eb 15
Feb.2009
McKenna,Phil.“ The]Ise of Cyberbullying。 ''New scteれ ιおt19」 uly
2007:26-7.Aca7de″ しtc
RheLngOld,Howard.Thβ ルうrtし αιCoη ■η■開
Eι ectrο れtc lηoれ
tar Web.16 Feb 2009
Sea7rch PreFし
tty:Hoη 2estea7atれ gο れthe
SalnPle enけ
:
Medillln of
PubICation
tter.Cmbndge,wヮ ゝ:]Ⅶ 11 2000 Prlnt
l Gay“ Obama llfakes Histo=y in lttVe lnternetヽ ndeO
Stolberg,she巧 ″
Chat"]輌 eの Yor7c
5勁
″し
cs 261Ⅶ an
2009 Web 26 Man 2009
mted states Dept.Of」 ustice Attorney General.1999R(pο
rt Oれ
Sample en●・y:
Date of access
dれ d“ str1/
Cυ berstα Lん trι κ
ι
engeメ ,rLα の Eれ ゎrce″ し
eれ ιαれ
7:A rreの cれ αι
Aug 1999.web.20 Feb 2009
Yollng,mmberly S.Cα
れιι
れι
れettt,IOW
“
tttθ ιAddicttO― att α耽 れれ切
げ ■し
Sample en岬
tO Recogれ
tだ eι
んeSり れs
PreSented in
it』 Lcs
Stra7teg1/ル r Recο υ悧
New York:￢ 直ley.1998 Pr廿 lt
Zelle■ Toln,」 R`ソ L SiI五 ster Tlreb Entrapsヽ たctitrns of Cyberstalklng''
ル一ＴＩＰ
の Yor7c Ttrれ es
Tide of book
17 Apn 2006.Web 18 Feb 2009.
: