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Urban Tree Selection Guide
URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE A Designer’s List of Appropriate Trees for the Urban Mid-Atlantic TABLE OF CONTENTS Urban Tree Selection Guide © 2015 Lead Authors Project Team (members listed here) Reviewers About the Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Growing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Organization Experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 (reviewers listed here) Large Trees Special Thanks Medium Trees Douglas Tallamy, Ph.D. - University of Delaware, Professor & Department Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Denny Townsend, Ph.D. - USDA Agricultural Research Service (retired), Plant Geneticist Small Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Suitable Landscape Locations Habitat Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 References + Index 2URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1 About This Guide This Urban Tree Selection Guide provides key information for selecting trees suitable for landscapes in the urban Mid-Atlantic. This region includes Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia and the parts of New Jersey, New York and North Carolina that drain into related waterways of the central region. In this guide, trees are first grouped by size at maturity (Large, Medium and Small) and then alphabetically by scientific name. Each row provides information about the tree, including its growing conditions, physical characteristics, habitat indicators and recommended landscape locations. The guide also notes if the tree is native or evergreen. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service, only plants found in the United States before European settlement are considered to be native. Trees are considered evergreen if they keep their needles or leaves for more than one growing season. Zone 5a 5b 7a Zone 5b New York City Ouercus robur Columnar `Fastigiata' Cylindrical, English verticalOak axis greatly COLUMNAR exceeding horizontal Suggested for narrow sites. Shade produced can be limited due to lack of wide crown. Top 3 for the DC Region Ouercus robur `Fastigiata' English Oak Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar X Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress 7b Trenton Zone 6a Harrisburg Philadelphia Zone 6b Pittsburgh 6b Dover Baltimore Washington, DC Round Oak Rounded circular form, vertical and horizontal ROUND axis about XXequal Top 3 for the DC Region XX Ohio 7a 7b 5a 6b 5b Richmond Zone 7a Zone 7b Growing Conditions Hardiness Zones. The USDA’s Hardiness Zone Map divides the U.S. into 11 zones based on average minimal winter temperature. A plant’s Hardiness Zone refers to a plant’s ability to thrive in the corresponding map location. Heat Zones. The American Horticultural Society defines 12 regions in the continental U.S. by the average number of “heat days” (temperatures over 86°F) each zone will experience per year. The Mid-Atlantic region includes areas in Heat Zones 4, 5, 6 and 7. Zone 4, the Northernmost areas of the region, experiences 14-30 days over 86°F. The Southernmost areas of the region (Zone 7) experience 60-90 days over 86°F. Platanus occidentalis Oval Sycamore Elliptic to egg-shaped, broadest at base, vertical OVAL axis exceeding Preferred for street horizontal tree. minimal pruning. by 2 Requires to 1 ratio Produces generous shade. Top 3 for the DC Region Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar (mature) Franxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash (mature) Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn Ulmus Americana Vase American Elm Elliptic to egg-shaped, broadest at crown apex, VASE Preferred for street tree. vertical axis exceeding Requires minimal pruning. horizontal by 2 shade. to 1 ratio Produces generous Top 2 for the DC Region Ulmus Americana American Elm Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova Soil Conditions. A tree’s preferred soil moisture level, drainage and pH level. Hackberry, Celtis occidentalis The Hackberry is a rapidly growing tree native to North America. It can be found throughout the upper half of the Eastern United States, the Great Plains and Southern Canada. The Hackberry’s bark is smooth during youth. As it matures, the bark develops wart-like marks which later turn into rough, corky, irregular ridges. The female tree produces an abundance of drupes, or berry-like fruits. These fruits ripen to deep purple and attract a variety of wildlife. The Hackberry can endure tough urban conditions, withstand heavy winds and adapt to various soil types. It makes a good street tree and can be used in bioretention or park landscapes. Light Conditions. The amount of sun and/or shade required for a tree to grow and thrive (Full Sun: direct sunlight for at least 6 hours a day during the growing season, Partial Shade: approximately 3-6 hours of direct sunlight, Shade: less than 3 hours of sunlight). Drought Tolerant. Trees that can generally survive several weeks between deep waterings (after a three-year establishment period). Tilia cordata Pyramidal Littleleaf Linden Approaching triangular in outline, broadest at base PYRAMIDAL Generally requires pruning on lower branches. Top 3 for the DC Region Tilia cordata Littleleaf Linden Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglasfir Taxodium distichum Baldcypress Air Pollution Tolerant. Trees generally not harmed by airborne pollutants. Salt Tolerant. Trees generally not harmed by road and sidewalk deicers. Nyssa sylvatica Spreading Black Gum with Mature tree crown a branch spread width of ROUND - SPREADING Produces ample shade. 35’ or Generally greater requires pruning Zone 8a USDA Hardiness Zones of the Mid-Atlantic Region This region includes Zones 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b and 8a. The coldest area in the region, Zone 5a, has average annual extreme minimum temperatures from -20°F to -15°F. The warmest area, Zone 8a, has an average minimum temperature range of 10°F to 15°F. Physical Characteristics Height. The approximate mature tree height from the ground to the top of the crown under normal landscape situations (Large: 50 feet and greater, Medium: 35 to 50 feet, Small: 35 feet and under). Spread. A tree’s crown diameter. In plan view, it is the horizontal distance from one edge of the crown (dripline) to the other. Crown Form. The shape of a tree at maturity based on the outline of the crown as perceived in silhouette. Six basic crown forms plus an irregular form are used in this document with two additional qualifiers: variable and multi-stemmed. on lower branches. 2Urban Tree selection Guide 2 Top 3 for the DC Region Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum Acer rubrum Red Maple Quercus phellos Willow Oak 2 LARGE TREES (50’ AND OVER) Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa 40 - 60’ 20 - 40’ 4 to 8 8 to 1 Deep, moist, welldrained Fagus grandifolia American Beech 50 - 70’ 50 - 70’ 4 to 9 9 to 1 Well-drained, acidic Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo 50 - 80’ 30 - 40’ 4 to 8 9 to 3 Adaptable 5 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust 30 - 70’ 30 - 70’ 4 to 9 9 to 1 Adaptable 46 Bioretention Adaptable Buffers / Screening 8 to 1 Parks / Lawns 4 to 8 Parking Islands 35 - 50’ Paved Plazas 60 - 80’ Suitable Landscape Locations Streets Number of Caterpillar Species Salt Tolerant Air Pollution Tolerant Shagbark Hickory Drought Tolerant Heat Zones Soil Conditions Hardiness Zones Light Conditions Spread Carya ovata Evergreen Common Name Native Scientific Name Height Fruit / Nut Producing Habitat Indicators Growing Conditions Crown Form Physical Characteristics Legend APPLICABLE 235 8 127 N/A INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE Light Conditions FULL SUN PART SHADE SHADE Gymnocladus dioicus ‘Stately Manor’ Fruitless Kentucky Coffee Tree 50 - 70’ 30 - 50’ 3b to 8 9 to 2 Liquidambar styraciflua American Sweetgum 60 - 75’ 60 - 75’ 5 to 9 10 to 1 Deep, moist, slightly acidic N/A 35 35 OVAL 21 VASE Adaptable 5 Mature Crown Form N/A 35 COLUMNAR Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Cherokee’ Cherokee Sweetgum 40 - 50’ 25 - 30’ 5 to 9 N/A Deep, moist, slightly acidic Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Rotundiloba’ Low Fruiting Sweetgum 60 - 75’ 40 - 50’ 6 to 9 N/A Deep, moist, slightly acidic N/A Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree, Tulip Poplar 60 - 90’ 35 - 50’ 4 to 9 9 to 2 Deep, moist, welldrained N/A Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia 60 - 80’ 30 - 50’ 7 to 9 11 to 1 Well-drained, rich, porous, acidic N/A 21 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood 70 - 100’ 15 - 25’ 5 to 8 10 to 5 Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic N/A 0 Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine 50 - 80’ Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 75 - 100’ 75 - 100’ 4 to 9 5 to 9 Platanus x acerifolia London Planetree 70 - 100’ 65 - 80’ 5 to 8 N/A Quercus alba White Oak 50 - 80’ 50 - 80’ 3b to 9 8 to 1 Moist, well-drained, acidic Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak 50 - 60’ 50 - 60’ 4 to 8 8 to 1 Acidic Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak 60 - 80’ 40 - 50’ 5 to 8 9 to 4 Adaptable 20 - 40’ 3 to 7 7 to 1 N/A URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE PYRAMIDAL SPREADING IRREGULAR Moist, well-drained 201 Deep, moist, welldrained soils 45 Adaptable 0 Swamp White Oak, Quercus bicolor The Swamp White Oak grows naturally in swamps, lowland forests and along streams. It has a shallow root system that does well in both moist and compacted soils. Planting this tree along rivers can help stabilize soils and establish wildlife habitats. The Swamp White Oak is well-suited for bioretention, is a beautiful specimen tree for parks and lawns, and it can also be used as a large street tree. The Swamp White Oak has a round crown and interesting bark: when young, its bark is flaky and peels back to reveal orange colors of the inner bark. The tree has dark green leaves that are silvery white on the bottom. ROUND N/A N/A M multi-stemmed * variable Fruit / Nut Producing 532 FRUIT 532 BERRY 532 NUT 3 LARGE TREES (50’ AND OVER) Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak 50 - 60’ 50 - 60’ 4 to 8 8 to 4 Adaptable N/A 532 Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak 45 - 50’ 40 - 50’ 5 to 9 8 to 4 Moist to wet loams N/A 532 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak 70 - 80’ 70 - 80’ 3 to 8 9 to 1 Adaptable N/A 532 Quercus palustris Pin Oak 65 - 70’ 25 - 40’ 4 to 8 7 to 3 Moist, rich, well drained, acidic 532 Quercus phellos Willow Oak 40 - 60’ 30 - 40’ 5 to 9 9 to 3 Adaptable 532 Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak 60 - 75’ 60 -75’ 3b to 7 9 to 5 Well-drained, sandy loam, slightly acidic 532 Bioretention Adaptable Buffers / Screening 9 to 5 Parks / Lawns 7 to 9 Parking Islands 70 - 100’ Paved Plazas 70 - 80’ Suitable Landscape Locations Streets Number of Caterpillar Species Salt Tolerant Air Pollution Tolerant Southern Red Oak Drought Tolerant Heat Zones Soil Conditions Hardiness Zones Light Conditions Spread Quercus falcata Evergreen Common Name Native Scientific Name Height Fruit / Nut Producing Habitat Indicators Growing Conditions Crown Form Physical Characteristics Legend APPLICABLE 532 N/A INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE Light Conditions FULL SUN PART SHADE SHADE Mature Crown Form COLUMNAR Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 30 - 50’ 10 -15’ 4 to 8 9 to 3 Adaptable Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree 50 - 75’ 50 - 75’ 4 to 7 9 to 5 Loamy, well-drained 0 OVAL Taxodium distichum Common Bald Cypress 50 - 70’ 20 - 30’ 4 to 11 12 to 5 Moist, well-drained acidic 16 VASE Tilia americana American Linden, Basswood 60 - 80’ 30 - 55’ 3b to 8 8 to 1 Moist, well drained 149 Tilia cordata Littleleaf Linden 60 - 80’ 30 - 50’ 3b to 8 8 to 1 Deep, moist, fertile 149 72 ROUND PYRAMIDAL SPREADING IRREGULAR Tilia tomentosa Silver Linden 50 - 70’ Ulmus americana ‘Jefferson’ Jefferson American Elm 60 - 80’ 30 - 50’ 4 to 7 8 to 2 Rich, moist preferred but adaptable 215 Ulmus americana ‘New Harmony’ New Harmony American Elm 60 - 70’ 60 - 70’ 5 to10 8 to 2 Rich, moist preferred but adaptable 215 Ulmus americana ‘Valley Forge’ Valley Forge American Elm 60 - 70’ 60 - 70’ 4 to 9 8 to 2 Rich, moist preferred but adaptable 215 FRUIT Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova 50 - 80’ 50 - 80’ 5 to 8 9 to 5 Moist, deep, pH adaptable 0 BERRY Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’ Green Vase Zelkova 60 - 70’ 40 - 50’ 5 to 8 9 to 5 Moist, deep, pH adaptable 35 - 45’ 4 to 7 9 to 1 Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba This attractive tree has a pyramidal shape when young that spreads as it matures. Because of its form and tolerance to road salt, vehicular exhaust, nutrient-deficient soils and urban pollution, it performs well as a street tree. It is also good for urban parks and bioretention areas. The unique dichotomous fan-shaped leaves have extraordinary yellow color in the fall. Some people prefer the male Ginkgo tree because the female bears a malodorous fruit. However, the female tree’s fruit yields a nut meat that is edible and often used in herbal remedies. URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE Deep, moist, fertile 149 N/A 0 M multi-stemmed * variable Fruit / Nut Producing NUT 4 MEDIUM TREES (35’-50’) The Yellowwood is native to the United States from the Carolinas to Oklahoma. The tree is adapted to air pollution and other urban conditions, making it a desirable, multi-functional tree that thrives in many landscapes. This tree has a broad rounded crown with spectacular cascading flowers. Its smooth gray bark and yellow autumn leaves also provide visual interest. URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE 3b to 9 9 to 1 Moist, well-drained, acidic Deodar Cedar 40 - 70’ 150’ 7 to 8 9 to 7 Well-drained to dry Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 40 - 60’ 40 - 60’ 3 to 9 9 to 1 Rich, moist, withstands alkaline conditions Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura 40 - 60’ 20 - 30’ 4 to 8 8 to 1 Rich, moist, welldrained N/A N/A APPLICABLE N/A INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE N/A Light Conditions 0 FULL SUN 43 PART SHADE 0 SHADE Cladrastis kentukea American Yellowwood 30 - 50’ 40 - 55’ 4 to 8 9 to 1 Adaptable, welldrained Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cedar 40 - 60’ 30 - 40’ 5 to 8 9 to 4 Moist, rich, welldrained N/A N/A 0 Mature Crown Form N/A 0 COLUMNAR Diospyros virginiana Common Persimmon 35 - 60’ 25 - 35’ 7 to 10 9 to 1 Adaptable, welldrained Ilex opaca American Holly 40 - 50’ 20 - 40’ 5 to 9 9 to 1 Average, medium, well-drained Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar 40 - 50’ 10 - 20’ 3b to 9 9 to 1 Adaptable Maclura pomifera ‘White Shield’ White Shield Osage Orange 20 - 40’ 20 - 40’ 4 to 9 10 to 1 Adaptable Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum, Black Tupelo 30 - 50’ 20 - 30’ 4 to 9 9 to 7 Moist, well-drained, acidic 26 9 to 6 Moist, well-drained, drought resistant 0 N/A 46 N/A 39 OVAL 42 VASE N/A No No Yes Yes Yes ROUND PYRAMIDAL 8 SPREADING IRREGULAR Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache 30 - 35’ Prunus x yeodensis Yoshino Cherry 35 - 45’ 30 - 40’ 5b to 8a 8 to 3 Well-drained, acidic Quercus muehlenbergii Chinkapin Oak 40 - 50’ 50 - 60’ 5 to 7 8 to 2 Well-drained upland, weakly acidic to alkaline N/A Quercus nuttalli Nuttall Oak 40 - 60’ 40 - 50’ 6b to 8b N/A Well-drained, acidic, extended flooding N/A 6 to 9 Legend 297 12 Cedrus deodara 25 - 35’ Bioretention 40 - 60’ Buffers / Screening 40 - 70’ Parks / Lawns River Birch Parking Islands Betula nigra N/A Paved Plazas Moist, well-drained Suitable Landscape Locations Streets 9 to 1 Number of Caterpillar Species 3b to 9 Fruit / Nut Producing 40 - 60’ Salt Tolerant 40 - 60’ Air Pollution Tolerant Heat Zones Red Maple Drought Tolerant Hardiness Zones Soil Conditions Spread Light Conditions Height Acer rubrum Evergreen Common Name Native Scientific Name M American Yellowwood, Cladrastis lutea/kentukea Habitat Indicators Growing Conditions Crown Form Physical Characteristics N/A 0 532 N/A 532 M multi-stemmed * variable Fruit / Nut Producing FRUIT BERRY NUT 5 SMALL TREES (35’ AND UNDER) Shadblow Serviceberry 5 - 20’ 15 - 20’ 4 to 9 7 to 1 Moist, well-drained, acidic 124 4 to 9 9 to 1 Moist, well-drained, acidic 124 5 to 8 8 to 6 Moist, well-drained, acidic Bioretention 124 Buffers / Screening Bogs, swamps Parks / Lawns 7 to 1 Parking Islands 3 to 7 N/A Paved Plazas Moist, well-drained, acidic Drought Tolerant 9 to1 Suitable Landscape Locations Streets Number of Caterpillar Species Fruit / Nut Producing Salt Tolerant Air Pollution Tolerant Soil Conditions 4 to 9 M Amelanchier canadensis Light Conditions Heat Zones 15 - 25’ Hardiness Zones 15 - 25’ Habitat Indicators Growing Conditions Crown Form Downy Serviceberry Spread Amelanchier arborea Height Common Name Evergreen Scientific Name Native Physical Characteristics Legend APPLICABLE 124 N/A INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE M Amelanchier x grandiflora Apple Serviceberry 15 - 25’ 15 - 20’ M Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry 15 - 25’ 15 - 25’ M Asimina triloba Pawpaw 15 - 20’ 30 - 40’ M Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam 20 - 30’ 20 - 30’ 3b to 9 9 to 1 Moist, well-drained, acidic Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud 25 - 30’ 25 - 35’ 4 to 9 9 to 6 Moist, well-drained 6 to 8 9 to 3 Adaptable, good drainage 4 to 9 9 to 1 Deep, moist, acidic Light Conditions FULL SUN PART SHADE SHADE N/A N/A 68 Mature Crown Form 19 COLUMNAR Chionanthus retusus Chinese Fringetree 15 - 25’ 20 - 25’ Chionanthus virginicus White Fringetree 25 - 30’ 25 - 30’ Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood 20 - 30’ 20 - 30’ 5 to 9 9 to 3 Wet, acidic, welldrained Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood 20 - 30’ 20 - 30’ 5 to 8 8 to 5 Well-drained, acidic Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn 25 - 30’ 20 - 25’ 4 to 8 10 to 1 N/A N/A 0 ROUND 8 OVAL 118 VASE M N/A 0 Yes No Yes No No 168 No No Yes No No PYRAMIDAL SPREADING Moist, fertile IRREGULAR Crataegus spp. Hawthorn 20 - 30’ Ficus carica Fig 10 - 15’ 10 - 20’ 7b to 11 N/A Well-drained, light to medium soils Halesia monticola Mountain Silverbell 20 - 40’ 15 - 35’ 5 to 8 8 to 4 Medium moist, welldrained, acidic Hamamelis virginiana Common Witch Hazel 20 - 30’ 20 - 25’ 3b to 8 8 to 1 Most, well-drained 6 to 9 9 to 4 Medium moist, welldrained, slightly acidic 20 - 35’ 3 to 8 10 to 1 Green Vase Zelkova, Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’ This winner of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society’s Styer Award, the Green Vase Zelkova is a fast growing cultivar of the Japanese Zelkova. Resistant to Dutch Elm Disease, it has been promoted as a substitute for the American Elm. It is also resistant to drought and harsh winters. The Green Vase Zelkova has a unique grayish white to grayish brown bark. The tree’s young bark is smooth with lenticels. As the tree matures, its bark exfoliates to reveal an orange-brown inner bark. The ascending branch structure makes it an excellent street tree and a nice addition to parks and lawns. URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE Adaptable M Ilex x attenuata ‘Fosteri #2’ Fosters Holly 20 - 30’ 10 - 20’ 168 N/A N/A 8 7 N/A 63 No No Yes Yes No M multi-stemmed * variable Fruit / Nut Producing FRUIT BERRY NUT 6 SMALL TREES (35’ AND UNDER) 20 - 30’ Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia 10 - 20’ 10 - 20’ * Well-drained 3 6 to 9 11 to 6 Well-drained 3 4 to 9 9 to 5 Well-drained, rich, porous, acidic 5 to 9 9 to 6 Wet, swampy acidic 4 to 8 9 to 1 Well-drained, adaptable 4a to 8a N/A Moist, well-drained, acidic 308 3b to 9 9 to 5 Moist, well-drained, acidic 94 N/A Bioretention 20 - 30’ 11 to 6 Buffers / Screening Saucer Magnolia 6 to 9 Parks / Lawns Magnolia soulangiana * 3 Parking Islands 15’ Well-drained Paved Plazas 15’ 11 to 7 Suitable Landscape Locations Streets Tuscarora Crapemyrtle Number of Caterpillar Species Lagerstroemia indica ‘Tuscarora’ * Fruit / Nut Producing 20’ Salt Tolerant 20’ Air Pollution Tolerant Natchez Crapemyrtle 6 to 9 Drought Tolerant Lagerstroemia indica ‘Natchez’ Soil Conditions 15’ Light Conditions 20’ Heat Zones Muskogee Crapemyrtle Hardiness Zones Spread Lagerstroemia indica ‘Muskogee’ Habitat Indicators Growing Conditions Crown Form Common Name Native Scientific Name Height Evergreen Physical Characteristics Legend APPLICABLE N/A INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE Light Conditions FULL SUN 21 PART SHADE N/A 21 M Malus domestica Apple - edible 10 - 35’ Variable Malus spp. Flowering Crabapple 15 - 25’ 10 - 20’ Many different * SHADE N/A 308 Mature Crown Form COLUMNAR Ostrya virginiana American Hophornbeam 25 - 40’ 15 - 25’ Prunus x ‘Okame’ Okame Cherry 15 - 25’ 20’ 6b to 9b 9 to 5 Adaptable N/A 0 OVAL Prunus avium Sweet Cherry 15 - 30’ 15 - 30’ 3 to 8 8 to 1 Moist well-drained, moderately acidic pH N/A 456 VASE Prunus cerasus Sour Cherry 10 - 30’ 10 - 20’ 4 to 8 8 to 1 Moist well-drained, moderately acidic pH N/A 456 Prunus domestica Plum 15 - 25’ 15 - 25’ 5 to 8 8 to 3 Moist, well-drained N/A 0 0 0 ROUND PYRAMIDAL SPREADING IRREGULAR Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida The Flowering Dogwood is native to the mid-Atlantic region but can be found from Southern Maine to Northern Florida and from Eastern Kansas and Eastern Texas. The tree is well-loved for its beautiful white, pink or red bracts, which are smaller specialized leaves that are arranged in groups of four around the tree’s true flowers. The bracts are often mistaken for flowers, but the tree’s flowers are small and greenish yellow. In the spring, the flowers and bracts open before the leaves, creating a stunning show. The Flowering Dogwood thrives on a site with some afternoon shade, and it does not do well in extreme heat. URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE Prunus persica Peach 10 - 25’ 10 - 25’ 4 to 9 9 to 5 Moist, well-drained, sandy, neutral pH Prunus serrulata ‘Kanzan’ Kwanzan Cherry 15 - 25’ 20 - 25’ 5 to 8 9 to 4 Damp, well-drained fertile Pyrus pyrifolia Asian Pear 30’ 20’ 4 to 9 9 to 1 Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic Syringa reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac 20 - 30’ 15 - 25’ 3 to 7 8 to 3 Loose, well-drained, slightly acidic Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum 10 - 15’ 10 - 15’ 3 to 9 N/A M Adaptable N/A N/A N/A 138 0 104 M multi-stemmed * variable Fruit / Nut Producing FRUIT BERRY NUT 7 Suitable Landscape Locations Habitat Indicators Streets. The planting space between the street and the sidewalk. Trees with columnar, oval or vase-shaped crowns that are resistant to compacted soils, road deicers and the heat reflected off dark roadways make good street trees. Fruit or Nut Producing. Trees that produce fruits or nuts. Berries (which are a type of fruit) and nuts provide a food source for songbirds and other animals. In this guide, the term “fruit” refers to trees that produce fruits that are edible for humans. The Bald Cypress grows naturally from Southern Maryland to Florida, to Eastern Texas and up the Mississippi River Valley. While the tree is at home in swamps, it also does well on dry sites, streets and in bioretention. The Bald Cypress is a deciduous conifer and loses its leaves in the fall. The mature Bald Cypress has a wide trunk flare, which helps to stabilize it in waterlogged or flooded soils. The bark is gray brown to reddish brown with a stringy vertical texture. The Bald Cypress is known for its woody protrusions, or “knees,” that grow up from its roots. In wet sites, the knees are believed to help oxygenate the trees roots. Urban Tree selection Guide Bioretention. Depressions or shallow basins in the landscape that slow and treat stormwater runoff onsite. Trees that perform best in bioretention require little maintenance, are salt and drought tolerant and can survive up to three days of standing water. Suggested Trees for Biodiversity (Genus) - Quercus; Oak - Prunus; Cherry, Plum, Peach - Salix; Willow - Betula; Birch - Populus; Poplar 557 455 411 400 358 100 0 300 Tot 200 Populus; Poplar Common Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum Buffers / Screening. A landscaping strategy that often uses evergreen trees to naturally reduce noise or visual pollution and create privacy between dwellings or differing land uses. Evergreen trees used as buffers should be pruned according to spacing and desired level of privacy. This guide recommends both evergreen and deciduous trees for this category. 200 Parks / Lawns. Parks (land for public use and recreation) and lawns (private property) are open spaces that provide ample and healthy rooting space for trees. Due to their generally non-compacted, nutrient and moisture rich soil, they are prime locations for larger canopy trees and trees with shallow root systems. 300 Betula; Birch - Quercus nuttalli, Nuttall Oak medium 400 - Betula nigra, River Birch medium 500 Salix; Willow - Quercus bicolor, Swamp White Oak large 500 456 - Taxodium distichum, Common Baldcypress large Trees serve as habitats and food sources for beneficial animals and insects. In an ongoing study, Dr. Doug Tallamy, entomologist at the University of Delaware, examined plant genera and the moth and butterfly caterpillar species they attracted. Through this study, native trees have been found to host a more diverse range of caterpillar species. Due to these initial findings, Tallamy’s research can be used as an indicator of a tree’s ability to support biodiversity. Prunus; Cherry, Plum, Peach Trees help to mitigate stormwater runoff, absorb pollutants, prevent erosion and improve infiltration. By directing stormwater runoff into infiltration planters that feature trees, designers can create spaces where trees can thrive and help keep streams and rivers cleaner. - Liquidambar styraciflua, American Sweetgum large Trees and Biodiversity Trees and Bioretention Suggested Trees for Bioretention (Species) 600 Quercus; Oak Parking Islands. Parking lot tree spaces. Trees with an upright form that are heat, salt and drought tolerant are recommended. Trees that can litter the parking lot with fruit, branches or large leaves are avoided. Small or medium trees are best, unless the parking lot is designed to provide substantial soil volume for larger trees. Number of Caterpillar Species. The number of butterfly, skipper and moth caterpillar species that a tree supports, which can be an indicator of a tree’s ability to support biodiversity. Number of caterpillar species Paved Plazas. Spaces near or adjacent to office and retail buildings that are surrounded by paving. Trees that are low-maintenance and salt and pollutant tolerant perform best in these areas. 100 0 Tree Genus 8 REFERENCES + INDEX The trees featured in this guide were drawn from more than 200 tree species planted or recommended by D.C.’s Urban Forestry Administration; Arlington County, Virginia; Prince George’s County, Maryland and Casey Trees. Information about each tree is drawn primarily from the Manual of Woody Landscape Plants Fifth Edition and Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural America. Other sources were consulted to provide additional information. Web sources were accessed between January and November 2014. Works Cited Appleton, Bonnie, et al. “Screening.” Virginia Cooperative Extension . Publication 430-025. 2009. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http:// pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-025/430-025.html> Beckerman, Janna and Rosie Lerner. “Salt Damage in Landscape Plants.” Purdue Extension. ID-412-W. West Lafayette: Purdue University Cooperative Extension, 2009. Web. 2 October 2014. <https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ID/ID412-W.pdf> Images cover Erin. Ginkgo Trees & Rowhouses. 2013. Flickr. Web 2 Oct. 2014. <https://www.flickr.com/photos/ ekelly80/10769096175/in/set-72157639333515454> pg 2 Singleton, Marcela. Hackberry at Mc Donagh 15 School. n.d. Dirt Garden. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://dirtgarden.wordpress. com/2011/10/03/trees-of-the-french-quarter/> pg 3 Haegele, Liz. Quercus bicolor. n.d. The Scott Arboretum’s Garden Seeds. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://blogs.scottarboretum. org/gardenseeds/2008/06/quercus-bicolor/> pg 5 Spruce, Jon. Yellowwood. 2012. Philly Trees. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://phillytrees.blogspot.com/2012/06/quick-picksthree-trees.html> pg 6 Viljoen, Marie. Fall in Brooklyn. N.d. 66 Square Feet (Plus). Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://66squarefeet.blogspot. com/2010/10/fall-in-brooklyn.html> pg 7 P Walk. St. Dogwood. 2014. Washington DC Trees. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. < http://www.washingtondctrees.com/> pg 8 Marritz, Leda. Ginkgo. 2011. Deep Root. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://www.deeproot.com/blog/blog-entries/the-best-streettrees-reader-edition-results> City of Berkeley. Rain Garden. n.d. City of Berkley, CA. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Public_Works/ Sewers_-_Storm/Watershed_Resources.aspx> Brand, Mark. “Plant Database.” UCONN Plant Database. University of Connecticut. 2014. Web. 2 May 2014. <http://www.hort. uconn.edu/Plants/>. Garden Ally. Downtown-Views. 2011. The Garden Alley. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://gardenally.blogspot.com/2011/11/ downtown-views.html> Dirr, Michael. A Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. 5th ed. Champagne: Stipes Publishing, LLC. 1998. Print. Green Works. Rockwood Water Reservoir: n.d. Greenworks. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://greenworkspc.com/works/ waterwastewater/rockwood-water-resevoir/> District of Columbia. Green Infrastructure Standards. Washington: District of Columbia Department of Transportation, 2014. Web. 2 October 2014. <http://ddot.dc.gov/GreenInfrastructure>. Hightshoe, Gary. Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural America. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988. Print. Kress, Stephen. The Audubon Society Guide to Attracting Birds: Creating Natural Habitats for Properties Large and Small. 2nd ed. Ithaca or London: Cornell University Press, 2006. Print. Ladybird Johnson Wildlife Center. University of Texas at Austin, 2014. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://www.wildflower.org/> Helms, Kanoa. Mineral Wells Picnic Area. 2009. Daily Venture. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://www.dailyventure.com/travel/ Griffith-Park-the-Heart-of-Los-Angeles> Swill. Untitled. 2010. Southwest…The Little Quadrant That Could. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://www.swtlqtc.com/2010/05/ wells-to-hold-campaign-event-on-sunday.html> Streets of Washington. Ginkgo trees on Cumberland Street, NW. 2011. Flickr. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <https://www.flickr.com/ photos/streetsofdc/6338558934/in/photostream/> Learn2 Grow. Preferred Commerce, 2006-2014. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <http://www.learn2grow.com> State of Maryland. Maryland Department of the Environment, Water Management Administration. Maryland Stormwater Design Manual: Appendix A. Landscaping Guidance for Stormwater BMPs. – General Landscaping Guidance. Baltimore M.D.: MDE, 2009. Web. 2 May 2014. <http://www.mde.state.md.us/programs/Water/StormwaterManagementProgram/ MarylandStormwaterDesignManual/Pages/Programs/WaterPrograms/SedimentandStormwater/stormwater_design/ index.aspx> Missouri Botanical Garden. 2014. 2 Jun 2014. <www.mobot.org> Natural Resources Conservation Service Connecticut. “Native, Invasive, and Other Plant-Related Definitions.” U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2002. Web. 1 Nov 2014. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ct/technical/ecoscience/ invasive/?cid=nrcs142p2_011124 Natural Resources Conservation Service Connecticut. “Plant Hardiness Zone Map – US Map 300 dpi (CMYK).” U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2002. Web. 1 Nov 2014. <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ct/technical/ecoscience/ invasive/?cid=nrcs142p2_011124> North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Gardening.ces.ncsu.edu. NC State University A&T State University. 2014. Web 2 Jun 2014. <http://extensiongardener.ces.ncsu.edu/spotlight/plant-database/>. “Map Downloads.” Planthardiness.ars.usda.gov U.S. Department of Agriculture. n.d. Web. 2 May 2014. <http://planthardiness.ars. usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Downloads.aspx> Seiler, John and John Peterson. “Tree Identification Factsheets.” Forest Biology and Dendrology Education. VirginaTech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation. 2010. Web. 2 May 2014. <http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/>. Slattery, Britt E., Kathryn Reshetiloff, and Susan M. Zwicker. Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Annapolis: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Chesapeake Bay Field Office. 2003. Print. Tallamy, Douglas . Bringing Nature Home: How to Sustain Wildlife in Our Gardens. Portland or London: Timber Press, 2007. Print. Tallamy, Douglas. “Bringing Nature Home.” Plantnative.com. 2009. Web. 2 Oct. 2014. <plantnative.com> URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE Common Name Index Apple: 7 Bald Cypress, Common: 4 Basswood (Linden, American): 4 Beech, American: 3 Birch, River: 5 Black Gum (Black Tupelo): 5 Catalpa, Northern: 3 Cedar, Deodar, Japanese: 5 Cherry, Kwanzan, Okame, Sour, Sweet: 7 Cherry, Yoshino: 5 Crabapple, spp.: 7 Crapemyrtle, Muskogee, Natchez, Tuscarora: 7 Dogwood, Flowering, Kousa: 6 Elm, Jefferson American, New Harmony American, Valley Forge American: 4 Fig: 6 Fringetree, Chinese, White: 6 Ginkgo: 3 Hackberry: 5 Hawthorn, spp., Washington: 6 Hickory, Shagbark: 3 Holly, American: 5 Holly, Fosters: 6 Hophornbeam, American: 7 Hornbeam, American: 6 Katsura: 5 Kentucky Coffee Tree, Fruitless: 3 Lilac, Japanese Tree: 7 Linden, American (Basswood), Littleleaf, Silver: 4 Locust, Black: 4 Locust, Honey: 3 Magnolia, Saucer, Sweetbay: 7 Magnolia, Southern: 3 Maple, Red: 5 Oak, Chinkapin, Nuttall: 5 Oak, Bur, Northern Red, Overcup, Pin, Shingle, Southern Red, Willow: 4 Oak, Scarlet, Swamp White, White: 3 Osage Orange, White Shield: 5 Pagoda Tree, Japanese: 4 Pawpaw: 6 Peach: 7 Pear, Asian: 7 Persimmon, Common: 5 Pine, Eastern White: 3 Pistache, Chinese: 5 Planetree, London: 3 Plum: 7 Redbud, Eastern: 6 Redcedar, Eastern: 5 Redwood, Dawn: 3 Serviceberry, Allegheny, Apple, Downy, Shadblow: 6 Silverbell, Mountain: 6 Sweetgum, American, Cherokee, LowFruiting: 3 Sycamore: 3 Tulip Poplar (Tuliptree): 3 Viburnum, Blackhaw: 7 Witch Hazel, Common: 6 Yellowwood, American: 5 Zelkova, Green Vase, Japanese: 4 9 WHO WE ARE As per award application guidelines, all references to and about our project team were removed from the front and back cover of this guide.
