Gardens for Every Body

Transcription

Container Gardening || Raised Beds || Pathways || Trellis || Health and Safety
Special Considerations || Tool Shed || Garden Books || Farm/Homestead Books
Home and Garden Resources for Master Gardeners
For additional information contact your local University of Missouri Extension Center or the
University of Missouri AgrAbility Project at 1.800.995.8503 or via email.
University of Missouri Extension is an equal
opportunity/ADA institution.
Acknowledgements
Initial support for the “Accessible Gardening Program” was provided by the USDA AgrAbility Project. The
University of Missouri Outreach and Extension, Agricultural Engineering Extension and the MU Departments of
Occupational and Physical Therapy collaborated with the development of these basic resource materials.
Additional resource development was provided by Doris O’Hara, OTR/L.
The emphasis of the “Gardens for Every Body” program is to provide basic information on “How” to create an
accessible garden as well as “How” to select and safely use ergonomic, enabling, or modified garden tools
designed for persons with limitations.
In 1999, the MU accessible garden program was renamed “Gardens for Every Body,” with additional support
from the NIDRR Department of Education coupled with gardening gadgets, tools, equipment, and materials
donated by Lowes, Home Depot, and Wal-Mart. The emphasis of the “Gardens for Every Body” program is to
provide basic information on “How” to create an accessible garden as well as “How” to select and safely use
ergonomic, enabling, or modified garden tools designed for persons with limitations.
Any vessel is suitable for container gardening if it has drainage - even an old boot will do if
there is a hole in the sole. Drainage is to container gardening as location is to real estate. It's
everything. The quality makes container gardening a good starting point for gardeners with
disabilities. The major considerations given to container gardening are the size of the
container, adequate drainage, and the requirements of the plants. Small containers such as
ceramic pots and large institutional food cans can be placed on benches for accessibility.
There are a number of commercially produced plant containers available, but wooden boxes,
barrels, and even old bathtubs work equally well. The benefits of container gardening
including the following:
●
●
●
●
Mobility - Containers are especially good because they can be moved around and even
started indoors before the weather is warm outside. Containers can be moved...into the
sunlight, out of the sunlight, the front yard, to the backyard, wherever you want. If you
container plant start to wilt, don't worry. Just move it to a less-conspicuous spot.
Flexibility - Containers are great for small backyards, decks and apartment balconies
or patios. Containers also let you grow plants that might not otherwise be suitable for
your garden. Again, the container should be at a comfortable width and height for
working.
Protection - The soil in containers warms up more and dries out earlier in spring than
the ground, allowing you to plant ahead of schedule. Come fall, tender plants can easily
be moved indoors.
Additional Benefits - To get the most benefit out of your container garden keep the
following in mind. All container gardens will need more watering than a standard
garden. A water source should be nearby. A short hose with a watering wand is easy to
maneuver or use soaker hoses or drip irrigation in your containers. If you don't have a
water outlet, use a lightweight plastic, not heavy metal, watering can. Mulching will also
slow the evaporation of water from the planter and keep the soil cool for the plant roots.
Certain varieties of plants are more appropriate for container gardens. Look for plants
or seeds as compact, drought resistant or recommended for container gardening.
Types of Containers
●
●
●
●
●
Miniature Gardens - Miniature garden planters can be constructed for persons in
wheelchairs that allow a great deal of individuality in designing landscapes.
Window Boxes - Window boxes may be especially good for the individual who does not
have an accessible outside area or is unable to work outside. Window boxes are usually
made of wood but can be made of painted aluminum. It is important that
considerations for proper drainage are given in the construction of the box. Plants can
be directly planted into the soil in the box or pots can be put into the box to be removed
in the winter months.
Planting Bags - Plastic bags of artificial soil mix specifically designed for culture directly
in bag are now available from some garden centers and catalogs. Plant through slits in
the side of the bag; water using a watering wand or long nose watering can to fit into
the opening; and fertilize weekly. Planting bags can be placed on the ground, benches
or tables of any convenient height. They can be easily moved from one location to
another. Although the planting bags are temporary and relatively expensive, they can
produce a small garden where other methods are difficult.
Hanging Baskets - Hanging baskets are not much different than any other container.
However, their small size may require more frequent watering. Hanging baskets may be
inaccessible to persons with limited mobility or strength, but a pulley system easily
solves this problem. The system needs to be designed so that the rope and its
attachment is accessible to any gardener who uses a chair or walker.
Containers - Containers are what most people picture when they hear, 'Container
Gardening.' They can be anything from a standard clay pot, to something more creative
like an old whiskey barrel.
Accessible Gardening Websites
●
●
●
●
Accessible Gardening
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Chicago Botanic Garden
Container Gardening Websites
●
●
●
●
Total Living Center, Inc.
Master Garden Products
Create an Enabling Garden
Guide to Container Gardening
Tools || Transporting || Watering || Sit Down Gardening
Gardening can be a great activity for individuals with disabilities, with some consideration to the
special needs of the gardener. Raised beds provide an excellent option if the individual has the space
and mobility to allow them to care for these beautiful garden plots. In planning a raised bed garden,
the first step is to access the needs of the gardener. Each raised bed garden will be different depending
upon the needs and desires of the individual gardener. As a general rule though, all raised bed gardens
should be easily accessible, and fit aesthetically into the surroundings. Some important points to
remember in planning a raised bed are:
●
●
●
●
●
●
Place beds in places where they will receive full sunlight for at least 6 hours per day, or, if space
in sunlight is unavailable, use shade-tolerant plants.
Raised beds will require more watering than traditional gardens, be sure to keep plants well
hydrated
Incorporate fertilizer into the soil when the beds are first filled.
Use mulch to cut down on evaporation of water.
Avoid the use of chemicals in pest control.
Be sure any materials used in the construction of the beds have not been treated, if they have, line
the bed with plastic to prevent seepage into your plants.
There are several types of raised beds, consider each one carefully before selecting the one that will best
meet the needs of the gardener.
Raised Ground Beds
Deep Raised Beds
Terracing and Retaining Walls
Elevated Beds
Raised beds can be constructed of almost any material. Below you will find a list of the most common
materials, and some advantages and disadvantages of each. It is up to the individual gardener to
determine which material is best suited to their individual needs.
Construction Materials
Raised Bed Standard Dimensions
Once you select a type of raised bed and construction material, it is time to build the bed and prepare it
for the plants you will select to grow. Soil preparation is vital to successful gardening. As stated
previously, it is a good idea to add extra fertilizer to your soil when filling the bed. Once it is filled,
double-digging is the best strategy to yield healthy plants. This may involve enlisting the help of a
friend or hiring someone as it is a strenuous task.
Remove the top 12 inches of soil from the bed. Insert a spade or spading fork into the next 10-12 inches
and wiggle the handle back and forth to break up the compacted layers, repeat this every 6-8 inches
throughout the bed. Mix the topsoil with a generous amount of compost or manure and return it to the
bed. It well be fluffy and several inches higher than ground level. To raise the bed to 8-10 inches, take
topsoil and mix it in well.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Raised Bed Gardening Websites
●
●
●
●
Raised Bed Gardening
Gardening Tips on Raised Beds
Pots 2 Plots
Raised Gardens
When constructing an adapted garden, vertical gardens, or trellis', provide an excellent option for those gardeners
lacking in space. Trellis can be constructed almost anywhere, made out of almost any material. From store bought to
found pieces, trellis are excellent places to grow climbing plants, such as ivy, as well as flowers and vegetables. Trellis
can be adapted to different heights depending upon the needs of the individual.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Trellis Gardening Websites
●
●
●
Supports for Climbing Plants
Climbing Plants
Sustainable Landscapes from Garden to
Plate
Gardening is, by far, one of the most popular pastimes in the United States. It can provide both physical and mental
benefits. But this relaxing hobby can become a chore when one is faced with physical limitations. But with a little
creativity and planning, people who have never gardened, or who haven't been able to garden recently can enjoy this
rewarding hobby. Below you'll find links to pages dealing with specific health issues that you may be encountering
as you begin or continue to garden.
Gardening for Kids with Disabilities
Gardening Techniques for the Visually Impaired
Gardening Hints for People with Arthritis
Tips for Easier Gardening
Gardening Strategies for People with Heart and Lung Problems
Basic Principles of Prevention of Repetitive Motion Issues
Tips and Techniques for the Senior Gardener
Tips for Gardeners who use Wheelchairs
Easy Tips to Modify Garden Tools for Gardeners with Back Problems
Your body is your most important and valuable gardening tool. The following suggestions can help
prevent injury or undue stress when gardening:
1. Respect pain. Pain is the body’s warning sign that something isn’t right. When a
garden activity causes pain, STOP. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. Also, try using
an ergonomic, enabling, or adapted tool to make the gardening work easier on you.
2. Poor posture can lead to pain, fatigue, and strains. Don’t sit slouched over while
you garden and don’t rest your weight on one leg or arm while you work.
3. Avoid staying in one position too long. Switch tasks often, going from bending jobs
like picking beans and reaching jobs like trimming a vine. Bend, stretch, and move
around often to avoid stiffness.
4. Repetitive tasks can lead to injury; trying to hoe just one more row or pull just a few
more weeds—can cause inflammation, tenderness, and pain in joints.
5. Use the strongest and largest joints and muscles for the job. Use you legs, not your
back, when spading or lifting. Use your forearm and elbow, not your wrist or
fingers, when troweling. Use your palms to push levers or tools, not your fingers.
6. Use splints, supports, and assistive devices whenever possible, but ONLY after
consulting with your physician or therapist.
7. Follow and read all manufacturers’ labels for safety tips and instructions.
8. Careless use of tools, or using at tasks, for which they were not designed, is asking
for trouble.
9. When using any tool – and especially power tools – be sure that you understand its
operation thoroughly.
10. Keep blades clean and sharp, not only on knives and pruning shears, but on
shovels, trowels, and hoes as well. Dull tools cause fatigue.
11. Save your fingers. Tools can pinch or cut them and the repetitive use of the finger,
such as in pressing a squeeze-trigger spray bottle, can cause damage to tendons and
joints. Alternate finger-intensive activity with less demanding hand tasks or switch
from finger to finger as you work.
12. Watch hands and wrists, which are particularly susceptible to tendinitis or carpal
tunnel syndrome. Repeated grip-and-release movements, like those used in
operating pruning shears, are a prime cause of hand and wrist discomfort. Switch
from pruning to less hand-intensive work frequently or alternate which hand you
use.
13. Carrying heavy objects like watering containers can cause hand and wrist injury,
especially if handles bite into flesh and cut off circulation. Make sure all handles
and carrying straps are thick enough to provide you with a comfortable grip. Add
comfortable, non-slip padding wherever necessary.
14. Protect elbows and shoulders from damage caused y excessive twisting and
reaching. If you garden from a sitting position, make sure your work surface is low
enough that you won’t have to raise your hands above your shoulders.
15. Protect yourself from the effects of the sun. Wear lightweight clothing, long sleeved
shirt, big brimmed hat, eye protection, sunscreen of at least SPF 15, and other
protective gear. Avoid being out between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Drink plenty of
decaffeinated fluids to prevent dehydration. Also, allow time for breaks in the
shade.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Health and Safety Websites
●
●
●
Gardening and Health
Farming and Gardening for
Health or Disease (The Soil and
Health)
Garden Hobbies
Garden pathways are one of the most important portions of the garden. Pathways provide an easy way in and out of
the garden and also increase the beauty of your garden. Garden pathways can be made out of almost any material,
depending upon who will be using the pathway most often. It is up to you to decide which pathway surface will be
most efficient for your needs. Whatever surface you choose, there are some important points to remember when
constructing your pathway:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Paths should be firm, level and smooth.
Paths, ramps and other grades should not exceed a 5 percent rise in elevation.
Paths should be of an accessible width for someone in a wheelchair or using the assistance of a walker to easily
turn around.
There should be a clear beginning and end to your pathway.
Use appropriate edging to indicate the borders of your path.
Use textured surfaces for better traction.
Use contrasting colors and textures to increase visibility of your pathway.
Consider the lighting around your path and if needed, install garden lights to aid in visibility.
Place seating areas along your pathway for rest breaks.
Be sure there is ample drainage off your pathway.
Hard Pathway Surfaces
●
●
●
●
●
●
Aggregate
Stone
Asphalt
Brick
Flagstone
Wood
Soft Pathway Surfaces
●
●
●
●
●
Grass
Mulch
Compacted
Soil
Crushed
Limestone
Gravel
Accessible Gardening for People with Physical Disabilities: A Guide to Methods, Tools, and Plants, Janeen R. Adil,
Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House, 1994.
Accessible Gardening: Tips and Techniques for Seniors & the Disabled, Joann Woy, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpile
Books, 1997.
Accessible Landscapes: Designing for Inclusion, Philip Evans and Brian Donnelly, San Francisco, CA: SFSU
Foundation-Accessible Landscapes Project, Department of Plant Operations, 1993.
The Able Gardener : Overcoming Barriers of Age & Physical Limitations, Kathleen Yeomans, R.N., Pownal, VT:
Storey Communication, Inc., 1992.
The Adaptive Garden Equipment: A Resource Manual for Patients, Families, and Professionals, Englewood, CO:
Craig Hospital Horticultural Therapy Program, 1986.
“Easy Things to Make … … to Make Easy: Hundreds of “how-to” suggestions for older people who have physical
limitations,” Doreen Greenstein, Ithaca, New York: NYS Rural Health and Safety Council, Cornell University, 1995.
Enabling Garden: Creating Barrier-Free Gardens, Gene Rothert, H.T.R., Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Company, 1994
Fitness the Dynamic Gardening Way: A Health and Wellness Lifestyles, Jeffery P. Restuccio, Cordo, Tx: Balance of
Nature Publishing, 1992
Garden for Life: Horticulture for People with Special Needs, Lynn Davies, Saskatoon, SK: University of Extension
Press, Extension Division, University of Saskatchewan, 1994.
Gardens in Healthcare Facilities: Uses, Therapeutic Benefits, and Design Recommendations, Clare Cooper Marcus
and Marni Barnes, The Center for Health Design, Inc, University of California at Berkeley, 1995.
Gardening: Equipment for Disabled People, D. Hollinrake, Cochrane and. I.P. Wassenaar, Headington, Oxford, UK:
The Disability Information Trust, 1992.
Gardening for the Physically Handicapped and the Elderly, Mary Chaplin, London: Batsford Press, 1978.
GARDENING IS FOR EVERYONE, Audrey Cloet and Chris Underhill, London WIH OAH: B.T. Batsford LTD, 1990.
Landscape Design for Elderly & Disabled People, Jane Stoneham and Peter Thoday, Wappinger’s Fall, NY: Garden
Art Press/Antique Collectors’ Club Limited, 1994.
Nature as a Guide, Linda Lloyd Nebbe, Minneapolis, MN: Educational Media Corporation, 1991.
Raised Bed Gardening: A Resource Manual for Patients, Families, and Professionals, Englewood, CO: Craig Hospital
Horticultural Therapy Program, 1988.
Source Book for the Disabled, Glorya Hale, ed., New York: Paddington Press, 1979.
Square Foot Gardening: A New Way to Garden in Less Space with Less Work, Mel Bartholomew, Emmaus, PA:
Rodale Press, 1983.
Woodworking Projects for the Garden: 40 Fun & Useful Things for Folks Who Garden, Richard Freudenberger,
Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 1994.
Kids Gardening Books or Resource Materials:
Better Homes and Gardens, New Junior Garden Book: cool projects for kids to make and grow, Felder Rushing, Des
Moines, IA: Meredith Books, 1999.
Grow It!: An Indoor/Outdoor Gardening Guide for Kids, Erika Markmann, New York: Random House, 1991.
Let’s Grow!: 72 Gardening Adventures with Children, Linda Tilgner, Pownal, VT: Storey Communications, 1998.
Resource Books for Small Farms & Homesteads
This list of recommended books for small farms and homesteads makes a great start to your
library.
Ashworth, S., and Whealy, K., Seed to Seed
Subtitle for this book: Seed Saving and Growing Techniques for Vegetable Gardeners details
how to save seeds for over 160 vegetables, including detailed information about each
vegetable. All techniques are thoroughly researched and tested.
Bartholomew, M., All New Square Foot Gardening
If you desire to grow more vegetables--and flowers in less space then the All New Square Foot
Gardening is for you. The author takes you through his proven Square Foot Gardening
method adopted by satisfied gardeners for more than twenty-five years. Now in the All New
Square Foot Gardening, the author unveils ten new improvements that save you more time
and more money—all with a lost work.
Bubel, M. and N., Root Cellaring
The authors outline simple, step-by-step advice for creating winter storage for vegetables and
fruits.
Coleman, E., Four-Season Harvest
The author asks, “Why stop gardening at the end of summer?” With the techniques and
strategies outlined in this helpful book, you can extend your gardening season significantly,
no matter how far north you live.
Damerow, G., Barnyard in Your Backyard
This book covers the basics on raising chickens, ducks, geese, rabbits, goats, sheep, and
cattle (both dairy and beef). It's a great introduction to a variety of animals. For more indepth information on a specific breed, the Storey Guide for that particular breed might be
more useful.
Ekarius, C., Small-Scale Livestock Farming
This book is great for farmers just getting started. With a heavy emphasis on determining
what you want from your farming life and planning your farm enterprise, it helps small
farmers build a strong foundation for their farm. It also covers choosing livestock,
understanding housing, fencing and feeding needs, breeding, and market strategies. This
book takes a grass-based, grazing approach to farming.
Emery, C., The Encyclopedia of Country Living
This classic book covers many aspects of basic farm life, including gardening, food
preparation, and buying land. Also included is information on keeping bees, culturing
yogurt, baking bread, and artificially inseminating a turkey.
Jeavons, J and Cox, C., The Sustainable Vegetable Garden, A backyard guide to
healthy soil and higher yields
This book presents basic principles of gardening and classic in concise, easy-to-understand
terms accessible to even a beginning backyard gardener. You’ll learn to view your garden as
its own mini-ecosystem and to foster the soil’s life-giving cycles of nourishment and
replenishment. Sustainable gardening is an essential environmental solution for the new
millennium, and this book helps you contribute to that solution—in your own backyard.
Kilarski, B., Keep Chickens!
This is an excellent introduction to keeping chickens for eggs, especially appropriate for the
urban or suburban farmer. Feeding, coop and henhouse design, and egg collecting and
washing is covered.
Lodgson, G., The Contrary Farmer
The focus of this book is on cottage farming for enjoyment as well as profit. The author
serves as an antidote to "traditional" family farming on a large scale. This book is
inspirational while teaching some basics, and is an entertaining and worthwhile read for
anyone getting started with a farming venture.
Salatin, J., You Can Farm
Subtitled "The Entrepreneur's Guide to Start & Succeed in a Farming Enterprise," this book
is by the acclaimed owner of Polyface Farm in Virginia. The author describes his own
experience with the focus on a profit-making enterprise, but there's also a lot of great
information for small farmers who don't want to bring products to market.
Seymour, J., The Self-sufficient Life and How to Live It
Through a British lens, this book covers the basics of homesteading and small farming for
urbanites new to rural living. Topics covered include: food from the garden, animals, the
fields and the wild; in the dairy; in the kitchen; brewing and wine-making; energy and waste;
and crafts and skills. This book also shares information about many aspects of the
homesteading and self-sufficient lifestyle.
Smith, E.D., The Vegetable Gardener’s Bible
The author outlines his high yield W-O-R-D system for all North American Gardening
Regions to growing organic vegetables. The (W-O-R-D)… Wide rows, Organic methods, Raised
beds, and Deep soil techniques are outlined.
Coupons
Search
Find coupons for 1,000s of stores
Go
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
HOME
COUPONS
SHOPPING GUIDES
HOLIDAYS
COUPONS RSS
BLOGGER NETWORK
Halloween
●
Home and Garden Resources for Master Gardeners
Gardening is a popular pastime that is enjoyed by a number of individuals living in the United
Gardening is a popular pastime that is enjoyed by a number of individuals living in the United
States, and around the world. For some people, gardening is more than just a hobby. Master
gardeners, for example, are individuals whose love for gardening has resulted in their obtainment
of education related to the development, maintenance, and harvest of a professional garden. In
most cases, master gardening programs are offered by university extension programs around the
United States. While these programs may vary slightly from state to state, they usually require
participants to take and pass at least 50 hours of coursework in the field of gardening, and perform
an addition 50 hours of volunteer time in their community, during which they can learn more of
the "hands-on" techniques of gardening. Though becoming a master gardener can substantially
increase skills when it comes to growing plants and flowers, additional education may be needed.
Master gardeners who hope to achieve optimal results in their home or professional gardeners
may need to continue their study of pest management, vegetable and flower gardens, harvesting,
and composting.
Pest Management
❍
❍
Water Quality and Use: Integrated Pest ManagementDescribes different forms of pest
control and management which limit the need for chemicals.
Garden Insect and Pest ControlTips and suggestions for the management and control of
different types of garden pests.
❍
❍
❍
Home Vegetable Garden Insect Pest ControlIdentifies some of the most common types of
garden pests, their habits, and how they can be controlled.
Home, Garden, Turf, and Landscape PestsInformation on pests, describes the habitats that
they most prefer, and lists effective management techniques.
Vegetable Garden Pest Management Various publications regarding pest management in
home gardens.
Planning a Vegetable Garden
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Planning Your Vegetable GardenRecommendations for the effective selection of
vegetables, location, and tools for a successful vegetable garden.
Planning a Vegetable GardenDiscusses the importance of location and size when it comes
to a successful vegetable garden.
Cooperative Extension: Planning a Vegetable GardenTips for planting vegetable gardens,
feature growth charts and identify which types of soil are ideal.
Vegetable Growing in the DesertDescribes the ways that different types of vegetables can
be grown in less than ideal circumstances.
Hydroponic Vegetable GardeningDescribes the process by which a vegetable garden can
be grown using hydroponic techniques.
Planning a Flower Garden
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Gardening in Western Washington: FlowersList of questions and answers about planting,
growing, and cutting flowers for master gardeners.
Gardening Tips for Northeast Texas: FlowersDiscusses the different types of flowers that
can be grown in Northeast Texas, and provides recommendations on their maintenance and
success.
Denton County Master Gardener Association: Gregg's Mist FlowerSpecifications on the
flower known as Gregg's Mist, describes why, where, and when it should be planted for
optimal results.
Flower Name: RoseA brief history on the rose, describes some of the different types of
roses, their individual growing patterns, and how they can be used in the garden.
Northern Gardening Tips from Alaska Master GardenersTips and recommendations for
growing flowers in northern climates.
Planting/Harvesting Calendar and Advice
❍
❍
Harvesting and Preserving DillRecommendations for master gardeners on how dill plans
can be harvested and preserved for future use.
Harvesting PumpkinsTips and recommendations on harvesting different types of
pumpkins, describes how pumpkin seeds can be stored for use in planting next year.
❍
❍
❍
Today's Tips: Harvesting Your Tomato SeedsRecording from master gardeners that
describes the manner in which tomato seeds can be preserved and stored for the future.
Easy GardeningInstructions on the harvesting, handling, and storage of fresh vegetables
that have been picked from the garden. Provides recommendation on extending the life of
fresh vegetables.
How Do You Pick a Ripe Watermelon?Detailed instructions on the selection and harvest
of a ripe watermelon.
Yard and Waste Composting
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Master Gardener Foundation of Thurston CountyTrainings and workshops for master
gardeners who are interested in learning more about the topic of composting.
CompostingBrief definition of the process of composting, describes different techniques
that can be used when composting, and provides recommendations for those who hope to
achieve success.
Master Gardener Composting BasicsStep by step guide for successful composting,
provides recommendations for tools and containers for effective composting.
FAQs: CompostingDescribes materials that should be used when composting, list of
recommendations for success in composting.
Composting ResourcesList of articles and additional websites that can be used by
individuals who wish to learn more about composting for the home garden.
Featured Coupons
Fashion Codes & Coupons
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Soft Surroundings Outlet Online Coupons
ViX Swimwear Discount Codes
Luisaviaroma Discount Codes
QVC Promo Code
Yes Style Coupons
Columbia Sportswear Coupons
Ted Baker Discount Codes
Finish Line Free Coupons
Popular Coupons
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Xerox Coupons
LifeProof Coupon Code
Nordstrom Promo Code
Norton Anti Virus Discount Codes
Gohastings Free Coupons
Sirius XM Radio Coupon Code
ExOfficio Promo Code
Tazo Coupon Code
Home & Housewares
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Comcast Business Coupons
Panasonic Promo Code
Destination Maternity Corporation Free Coupons
Allianz Travel Insurance Promo Code
Memory Lane Promo Code
State Farm Free Coupons
Event Decor Direct Coupons
Sports & Fitness
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
❍
Magellans Free Coupons
Homerunmonkey Free Coupons
Jillian Michaels Body Revolution Free Coupons
Police Discount Codes
G Adventures / Discovery Adventures Coupon Code
Ab Glider Coupon Code
Manduka Coupon Code
Featured Stores
●
CP Toys
●
Journeys
●
●
Walgreens
●
Sears
●
●
●
●
Latest Deals
●
Nikki's by Design Warm Greetings Gourmet Gift Basket For $42.98
Added 122 days ago
●
5 Pc Munchkin Bath Tub Crayons For $3.99
Added 122 days ago
●
Radio Flyer Groove Glider Scooter in Pink For $31.91
Added 122 days ago
●
MEEP! 2.1.2 Android 4.0 Kids Tablet For $99.99
Added 123 days ago
●
Discovery Kids Pop Up Boys Castle Tent For $24.99
Added 123 days ago
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
About Us
|
Terms of Use
|
Privacy Policy
|
Site Map
|
Store Directory
|
Coupons Guides Directory
|
Contact Us
●
Visit our other sites:
WikiAnswers
|
Guides
|
VideoAnswers
|
LocalAnswers
●
Copyright © 2014 Answers Corporation
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
The Many Benefits of Gardening!
Today, gardening remains one of our favorite pastimes, especially among
seniors. The stimulating exercise, fresh air and sunshine promote stress relief,
increased happiness and more patience. And, the sense of purpose and
accomplishment gardening engenders, has proven to be a catalyst for faster
recovery from illness and depression.
Thanks to Accessible Gardens™ versatile
and affordable raised garden beds,
everyone, regardless of age or physical
limitation, can continue to reap the many
rewards of gardening.
Distinguish Yourself and
Enhance Your Appeal!
While the versatile Accessible Garden™ can enhance a home garden, or meet a
chef’s fresh herb needs, it can be an especially valuable asset to Senior Living
and Healthcare facilities - instantly and affordably expanding gardening as an
activity and/or therapy for everyone.
• Retirement Communities
• Hospitals & Rehabilitation Centers
• Assisted Living Communities
• Community Senior Centers
• Memory Care Communities
• Private Homeowners
• Skilled Nursing Homes
• Veteran's Homes & Centers
• Municipal Housing Authorities
• Schools, Parks & Playgrounds
No Special Site Prep. Place Them Anywhere
And, because they're portable, an Accessible Gardens™ can go anywhere - an
immediate asset with immediate results - transforming limited or formerly
unsuitable space into engaging, productive garden space with no long lead
times. And, they set up in just minutes.
Copyright ©2013 Accessible Gardens.™
HOME | ABOUT US | PRODUCTS | STYLES | FAQ | NEWS | CONTACT US
One Stop | Directories | Search U of M
What's Inside
Home > Design > Healing Gardens
Design
Healing Gardens
Plant Selection
Background:
Implementation
Maintenance
Search SULIS
SULIS Home
Throughout history gardens have been
used to aid in the healing process - from
the Japanese Zen Garden to the Monastic
Cloister garden. However, with the
advances in medical technology in the
20th century, the use of gardens as
healing elements began to diminish.
Fortunately with the recent interest in
complementary and alternative therapies,
which emphasizes healing the whole
person -- mind, body, and spirit -- rather
than simply alleviating symptoms, the
interest in garden as healer has been
revived.
Royonaji Meditation Gardens © Meryl Meisler 2001.
Cloister Garden of Lincoln Cathedral. (Photo courtesy of Mary's
Gardens)
Research has been
done showing the
therapeutic benefits
of gardens. Roger
Ulrich, a professor
and director of the
Center for Health
Systems and Design
at Texas A & M
University, found
that viewing natural
scenes or elements
fosters stress
recovery by evoking
positive feelings,
reducing negative
emotions, effectively
holding attention /
interest, and
blocking or reducing
stressful thoughts.
When viewing
vegetation as
opposed to urban
scenes, test subjects
exhibited lower
alpha rates which
are associated with
being wakefully
relaxed. Further
research by Ulrich
showed surgical
patients with views
of nature had
shorter postoperative stays,
fewer negative
comments from
nurses, took less
pain medication and
experienced fewer
minor post-operative
complications than
those with a view of
a brick wall.
Although more
research is
necessary, results
based on research
thus far indicate the
healing effects of
natural elements
such as gardens.
What is a healing garden?
Based on research by Ulrich and others, it could be argued that any garden is a healing garden.
However, for the purposes of this article, we refer to Eckerling's definition of a healing garden: "a
garden in a healing setting designed to make people feel better" (Eckerling, 1996). The goal of a
healing garden is to make people feel safe, less stressed, more comfortable and even invigorated.
Designing Healing Gardens:
When designing healing gardens, the same considerations are used as in designing any other
garden. However, these considerations take on special meaning in healing environments.
●
●
●
●
●
Functionality is imperative because the garden needs to accommodate the limitations of the
users of the space.
It is also important that the garden design be maintainable both for physical safety and
therapeutic benefits. At institutions such as hospitals, it is especially important that the
garden be easy to maintain because a poorly maintained garden could make patients lose
confidence that they are being well taken care of by hospital staff.
If the garden isn't environmentally sound, it could be detrimental to the users of the space,
especially those who are physically unwell.
Often times the funding for healing gardens is raised through donations and other
contributions. Therefore is it important that the garden design be cost effective.
Finally, healing gardens are meant to provide pleasant surroundings to produce restorative
effects for its users. The garden will not be successful if it isn't visually pleasing.
Paved walkways of the Sensory Garden located at the University of Minnesota Landscape
Arboretum (Photo courtesy of the UMN Landscape Arboretum)
It is important to use the principles of design to create unity within the healing garden design.
●
●
●
●
●
●
Simplicity is essential in designing healing gardens to keep the space easy to understand.
Many of the people using healing gardens are dealing with stress, therefore it is important
that the space not have too much "going on" to add any additional stress.
At the same time, the design should include a variety of form, texture, seasonal interest,
and color to provide sensory stimulation. Not having enough interest can also be stressful to
the users of the space.
It is important to create balance, whether symmetrical or asymmetrical, so the space feels
stable as a whole.
Use key, specimen, group, and mass plantings to create emphasis within the space. This
provides focal points to help people orient themselves in the garden.
Create sequence or smooth transitions from one area of the landscape to another. This is
especially important to create good flow when going from public gathering areas to more
private areas for solitude.
It is also important to use the appropriate scale. If the healing garden is located by a highrise building such as a hospital, use elements such as trees to bring the space down to a
human scale.
In addition to the design principals, the following is a list of design suggestions for creating healing
gardens. These are simply guidelines. Each site and application is unique and some of the
suggestions may not be appropriate. Paths and Surfaces
●
Provide five-foot minimum width at paths for one-way traffic to accommodate the turning
radius of a wheelchair. For two-way wheelchair traffic, provide seven-foot minimum width.
See illustration below.
Figure 1: Example of path width and design. (Illustration by M. Furgeson)
●
●
●
●
Create a change in texture at the edge of a path to help people with low vision to recognize
when they are off the path. Raised edges on a path can create a tripping hazard.
Path surfaces must be firm, smooth, and provide traction to allow for easy movement of
wheelchairs, gurneys and IV poles. Paving with deep grooves can be an obstacle. Concrete is
a good choice, but can be expensive. Asphalt absorbs and radiates heat which can be hot in
the summer. Decomposed granite is good for people in wheelchairs, but not for those on
crutches. Newer rubberized paving materials are firm enough for wheelchairs and also
cushion falls.
Avoid materials that produce glare. Light concrete can be especially troubling to older
people. Use tinted concrete if possible.
Limit grade changes in most highly used outdoor areas. The slope of a walk must not exceed
5% or 1 foot of rise for 20 of feet length. Cross slope must not exceed 2% or 1 foot of rise
for 50 feet of length. See illustration below.
Maximum Slope
Maximum Cross Slope
Figure 2: Maximum slope and cross slope. Illustration by M. Furgeson.
●
Where slope does exceed 1:20, provide a support railing for those with unsure footing.
Consult your local building codes for exact accessibility requirements. When dealing with
healing gardens, building codes are just a start in terms of clearances. They are often the
bare minimum that should be allowed.
Spatial Layout
●
●
●
Provides a variety of spaces to accommodate different activities and levels of privacy from
spaces to allow group activities to spaces that allow solitary contemplation.
Creates a planting buffer between people in the garden and any windows looking out onto
the garden to avoid a "fish bowl" affect.
Provides transition areas between public and private garden spaces as shown in the
following figure:
Figure 3: Planting bed provides transition between public gathering area at right and
more intimate seating area at left. (Illustrartion by M. Furgeson)
●
●
●
●
●
●
Provides users of the garden options for control of privacy.
Keeps intrusive noises to a minimum. When possible, locate the garden away from noisy
streets or mechanical elements such as air conditioners. Where undesirable noises can't be
avoided, incorporate features to mask the sound such as a water feature or wind chimes.
The layout of the garden should be easily "readable" to minimize confusion for those who
are not functioning well. Paths should be clearly laid out.
Landmarks should be provided to help orient the users of the space. This can be done with
elements such as sculpture, a profusion of flowers, or a water feature as shown in the
picture above.
Offer a variety of sunny and shady areas for people with varying tolerances to light
exposure.
Offer seating of as many types and forms as possible to provide a choice to those using the
garden. Lightweight chairs are desirable in allowing users to move the seating wherever they
wish. Plenty of sturdy seating with backs and arms should be provided for those that need
support for sitting for long periods of time.
●
Where possible, provide a water feature. Water provides a calming effect on people.
Plant Selection
●
●
●
●
When selecting plants materials, research which particular species might have special sacred
or evocative meanings for the cultural and age groups being served.
If possible, use plants that have some medicinal value. Click here for more information on
Medicinal Plants. For an example of a garden design using medicinal plants, visit Southern
Cross University - Medicinal Plant Garden.
Choose plants that engage all the senses. Use a variety of textures, scents, colors, as well as
plants that make pleasant sounds as wind rustles their leaves. Providing seasonal interest
allows people to connect with the cycle of nature.
Avoid thorny or toxic plants, especially in gardens used by children or people with certain
psychological disorders. For more information on poisonous plants, see the Cornell
University Poisonous Plants Informational Database.
❍
Incorporate elements that will
attract wildlife including berryproducing shrubs, birdbaths and
bird feeders. Avoid plants that
attract large numbers of bees or
undesirable insects.
(Photo courtesy of UMN Landscape
Arboretum)
●
●
Choose insect- and disease-resistant varieties to eliminate pesticide use.
Plant higher maintenance plants such as vegetables, herbs and cut flowers in easy-to reach
or raised beds.
Flowers and vegetables
are planted in raised beds
to create ease of
maintenance and easier
access by visitors with
limited mobility. (Photo
courtesy of the UMN
Landscape Arboretum)
Designing Healing Gardens for Specific Uses:
The following is a list of design suggestions for incorporating a healing garden into a landscape for
specific applications. Some suggestions may be repeated from the earlier section. Again, these are
simply guidelines. Each site and application is unique and some of the suggestions may not be
appropriate.
Psychiatric Hospital Gardens
●
●
●
Use materials that can withstand abuse over time.
If safety is an issue, use materials that are impossible to use in harming
anyone.
Avoid poisonous plants.
●
●
●
Avoid plants that are irritating to the touch.
The layout of the garden should be easily "readable" to minimize confusion for
those who are not functioning well. Paths should be clearly laid out.
Create a planting buffer between people in the garden and any windows
looking out onto the garden to avoid a "fish bowl" affect.
For an example of the process that South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust went through to
develop a healing garden space, visit Developing a Therapeutic Garden: Ward 17 Courtyard
Improvement Team and click on their PowerPoint presentation.
Children's Gardens
●
●
●
●
●
●
Make all entrances welcoming and child-friendly.
Provide differentiation of spaces for preadolescent / adolescent groups, if
appropriate.
Provide a comfortable social environment with plenty of places for parents and
staff to sit and share the space with children.
Provide as many options as possible for children to interact with nature
through their senses and/or hands-on activities.
Provide opportunities for planting and harvesting.
Provide a range of appropriately scaled, accessible multi-purpose settings for
hands-on activity as well as for social gatherings of different types.
The following are examples of children's gardens:
●
Chicago Botanic Garden - Children's Garden
●
Leichtag Family Healing Garden at Children's Hospital and Health Center San Diego.
●
Carley's Magical Gardens at Children's Hospital and Health Center in San Diego
●
Brooklyn Botanic Garden - Children's Garden
Nursing Home Gardens
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Use warm, highly saturated hues (red, orange, yellow) that are easier for the elderly to see
than cooler hues (blue, purple, green).
Use plants with different leaf textures, forms, and smells to stimulate the senses and
memory.
Provide different lengths and difficulty of walking routes that will provide choice to residents
with different needs.
Providing handrails will encourage less able residents to participate in outside activities.
Provide transition areas between indoor and outdoor spaces, such as screen porches or
overhangs, to provide protection from the elements, allow eyes to adjust to bright outdoor
light, and provide a place to sit and view the activities without being involved in them.
Provide sunscreens, trellises, fences, walls, baffles, and plant materials to alleviate the harsh
effects of the sun and wind in outdoor spaces.
Carefully place and select trees with dense canopies to reduce glare and control light
penetration.
Provide a clear organizational pattern with well-identified paths, a clear hierarchy of spaces
and features or focal points to help orient residents.
Pathways should contrast with planting areas to help define the boundary between path and
plantings for residents with reduced depth perception. - The color of chairs and tables should
contrast with floor material so they are distinguishable by people with sight impairments.
Choose seating with back support and arm rests.
Situate plantings to provide views from windows looking out onto the garden for people who
are unable to go outside.
The following is an example of a nursing home garden:
●
Inchmarlo House Nursing Home and Retirement Community
For more information on gardening for older adults, visit Gardening for Good.
Alzheimer's Treatment Gardens
●
●
●
●
●
●
Paths should be a continuous level loop without dead ends which may
frustrate dementia residents.
Provide nonpoisonous plants.
Utilize plants and other elements that stimulate memory, conversation, and
activity.
Use subdued colors, textures and forms to create a calming environment.
Choose seating with back support and arm rests.
Provide landmarks such as sculpture, a profusion of flowers, or a water
feature to help orient the users of the space.
The following is an example of an Alzheimer's / memory garden:
●
The Portland Memory Garden.
Hospice Gardens
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Provide transition spaces between indoor and outdoor spaces to allow
adjustment to bright outdoor light.
Provide soothing natural sounds in the garden -- hearing is often the last of
the senses to leave a dying person.
Provide quiet places to sit and contemplate.
To encourage people to touch things in the garden, use plants and structures
with a variety of textures.
Provide a view from the window for patients that can't go outside.
Design with materials that improve, rather than wear out with age.
Provide a water feature. Water is a soothing agent. Still water can provide a
setting for meditation or prayer while the sound and view of moving water is
undeniably restorative.
The following are some examples of hospice gardens:
●
Tribute Garden at San Diego Hospice
●
The Hospice Foundation of Cape Cod Memorial Garden Walk
●
Brattleboro Area Hospice Memorial Garden
Gardens for the Visually Impaired
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
To aid orientation, the garden can be laid out with straight edges and right
angles. Avoid curves and intricate patterns.
Provide landmarks or reference points to assist in orientation. Examples of
landmarks are: scented or tactile plants, ornaments and furniture, sound
elements such as wind chimes or running water, or path materials such as
gravel or bark.
Use vivid colors and bold materials as reference points for people with partial
sight.
Color contrast can be used for containers, pathways, fences, gate latches,
steps, and other things the gardener might have trouble finding or noticing.
Distribute scent in the garden to various locations and at different times of
year. Too many scents in one place can confuse and hinder orientation.
Ornaments and seating should be recessed from pathways.
Use texture changes in paths to indicate changes in direction.
The following are some examples of gardens designed for the visually impaired:
●
Dunedin Garden for the Visually Impaired
●
Touch and Smell Garden for the Visually Impaired
●
Brooklyn Botanic Garden -- Fragrance Garden
Meditation Gardens - The aim of these gardens is to aid relaxation and provide a
focus for concentration, which will enhance the healing experience.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Garden layout should be as simple and uncluttered as possible.
Some possible layouts are a circle which represents the cycle of life, a square
representing universal order, or symbols such as a Celtic knot which
represents a journey.
Provide an area of lawn or some type of seating suitable for sitting for long
periods of time.
Provide a focal point within view of the seating area.
Include a water feature where possible. It is the perfect focal point for
contemplation.
Avoid using clashing colors.
Choose cool colors (violet, blue, green) in the plantings.
An example of a garden for meditation is the Cleveland Botanical Garden
The following are some other types of meditative gardens:
●
To get a background on labyrinth gardens, visit Myth and History of Garden Labyrinths.
●
Zen and the Art of the Ancient Tea Garden at the Cleveland Botanical Garden
Enabling Gardens are gardens designed especially for people of all ages and abilities. For more
information on enabling gardens, see the University of Illinois Extension. The following are
examples of enabling gardens:
●
The Miriam H. Davies Enabling Garden
●
Enabling Garden at Chicago Botanic Garden
Sensory Gardens are designed to appeal to all five of the senses. The following are examples of
sensory gardens:
●
Sensory Garden at the Royal Schools for the Deaf Manchester
●
Clotilde Irvine Sensory Garden at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum
●
Denver Botanic Gardens -- Sensory Gardens
Gardens for Horticultural Therapy -- For information on designing gardens for horticulture
therapy, visit Accessible Gardening for Therapeutic Horticulture. The following are more Horticulture
Therapy links:
●
The American Horticultural Therapy Association.
●
Therapeutic Horticulture Services at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum.
●
The Holden Arboretum Horticulture Therapy Program
●
Horticultural Therapy at the Chicago Botanic Garden
More helpful links on Healing Gardens:
●
Therapeutic Landscapes Database
●
Meristem -- Restorative Gardens for Health Care Environments
●
Human Issues in Horticulture
Recommended Reading:
Gerlach-Spriggs, Nancy, Richard Enoch Kaufman and Sam Bass Warner, Jr. (1998). Restorative
Gardens: The Healing Landscape. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
McDowell, Christopher Forrest and McDowell, Tricia Clark. (1998). The Sanctuary Garden: Creating
a Place of Refuge in Your Yard or Garden. Fireside.
Murray, Elizabeth. (1997). Cultivating Sacred Space: Gardening for the Soul. San Francisco:
Pomegranite.
Rawlings, Romy. (1998). Healing Gardens. Minocqua, WI: Willow Creek Press.
References:
The American Horticultural Therapy Association. (2003.) http://www.ahta.org/
Bennett, Paul. (March 1998). Golden Opportunities. Landscape Architecture. 50-55.
Brattleboro Area Hospice. (2003)."Brattleboro Hospice Memorial Garden Page."
http://www.brattleborohospice.org/garden.htm
Brooklyn Botanic Garden. "Garden Stroll: Children's Garden."
http://www.bbg.org/exp/stroll/children.html
Brooklyn Botanic Garden. "Garden Stroll: Fragrance Garden."
http://www.bbg.org/exp/stroll/fragrance.html
Brown, Dan. (2003). "Cornell University Poisonous Plants Informational Database."
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/index.html.
Champaign County Forest Preserve District. (2001). "Nomination for IPRA's Outstanding Facility
Award: The Miriam H. Davies Enabling Garden." http://www.ccfpd.org/enabgard.pdf
Chicago Botanic Garden: Garden for Life. (2000). Paving Alternatives fir the Accessible Garden
[Brochure].
Chicago Botanic Garden. (September 2002). "Explore the Gardens: Children's Garden."
http://www.chicagobotanic.org/explore/GardenChildren.html
Chicago Botanic Gardens. (September 2002). "Explore the Gardens: Enabling Garden."
http://www.chicagobotanic.org/explore/GardenEnable.html
Chicago Botanic Gardens. (September 2002). "Horticultural Therapy."
http://chicagobotanic.org/therapy/HortTherapyGardenUpdate.html
Children's Hospital and Health Center San Diego. "Special Family Places."
http://info.chsd.org/90.cfm
Cleveland Botanical Garden. "Living Exhibit Gardens: A Quiet Retreat."
http://www.cbgarden.org
Cleveland Botanical Garden. "Living Exhibit Gardens: Zen and the Art of the Ancient Tea Garden."
http://www.cbgarden.org
Cooper Marcus, Clare, and Barnes, Marni. (1999). Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and
Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Denver Botanic Gardens. "Sensory Gardens."
http://www.botanicgardens.org/pageinpage/sensorygardens.cfm
Eckerling, Mara. (1996). Guidelines for Designing Healing Gardens. Journal of Therapeutic
Horticulture, 8, 21-25.
"Gardening for Good." http://www.gardening4good.org/
GoneGardening.com. (2003). "Garden Design for Visually Impaired Gardeners."
http://www.gonegardening.com/xq/ASP/group_id.22/article_id.109/referer./qx/gg_shop/article.htm
High Iron Illustrations. (2003). "Children's Hospital."
http://www.highironillustrations.com
The Holden Arboretum. "The Holden Arboretum Horticulture Therapy Program."
http://www.holdenarb.org/hortth.htm
Hospice and Palliative Care of Cape Cod. (2002). "The Hospice Foundation of Cape Cod Memorial
Garden Walk." http://www.hospicecapecod.org/Foundation/Garden_Walk.php
Inchmarlo House Nursing Home and Retirement Community. "Inchmarlo: Garden Paradise."
http://www.inchmarlo-retirement.co.uk/Garden_Paradise/garden_paradise.html
Larson, Jean, Anne Hanchek and Paula Vollmar. (2003). "Accessible Gardening for Therapeutic
Horticulture." University of Minnesota Extension Service.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG6757.html
Mary's Gardens. (1995). "Flowers of Our Lady and Mary Gardens in the U.K.
http://www.mgardens.org/NATFOLMG-UK.html
Martin, Frank Edgerton. (September 1985). Home Truths. Landscape Architecture, 60-61.
Medicinal Plants. (October 1998). http://world.std.com/~krahe/html1.html
Meisler, Meryl and Francine LaPorte. "Buddhist Temple Architecture and Zen Gardens." Enter
Through the Form: Explore Japan.
http://www.thebleedingedge.org/features/japan_enter/mmpages/japan_zen.html
Meristem. (2002). "Meristem -- Restorative Gardens for Health Care Environments."
http://www.meristem.org/index.htm
Minnesota Landscape Arboretum. (1998). "Therapeutic Horticulture Services."
http://www.arboretum.umn.edu/education/therhort/index.htm
M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation. (April 2003). "Touch and Smell Garden (for the Visually
Impaired)." http://www.mssrf.org/touchandsmell/touchandsmell.html
Portland Memory Garden. "About Us: What is a Memory Garden?"
http://www.centerofdesign.org/pmg/about.html
Quigley, Martin. (2000). "Myth and History of Garden Labyrinths." Chadwick Arboretum and
Learning Garden. http://www.chadwickarboretum.osu.edu
Rawlings, Romy. (2003). "Meditation in the Garden." http://www.baseball.ca
Relf, Diane. "Human Issues in Horticulture." Virginia Tech Department of Horticulture.
http://www.hort.vt.edu/human/human.html
Rothert, Gene. (1994). The Enabling Garden: Creating Barrier-Free Gardens. Dallas, TX: Taylor
Publishing Company.
Royal Schools for the Deaf Manchester. (2003.) "School Facilities: Sensory Garden."
http://www.rsdmanchester.org/facilities/garden.html
Sachs, Naomi. (2002). "Therapeutic Landscapes Database." www.healinglandscapes.org
San Diego Hospice and Palliative Care. (2002.) "The Tribute Garden at San Diego Hospice."
http://www.sdhospice.org/tribute.htm
Scarfone, Scott C. (1996). Design of Outdoor Environments for Wellness and the Role of Landscape
Architecture. Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, 8, 68-71.
South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust. (2003). "Developing a Therapeutic Garden: Ward
17 Courtyard Improvement Team."
http://www.southwestyorkshire.nhs.uk/about/theraputicgarden/gardenproject.ppt
Southern Cross University. (December 2001). "Natural and Complementary Medicine: Medicinal
Plant Garden." Southern Cross University: Schools and Colleges.
http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/ncm/garden/
Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council. "Dunedin Garden for the Visually Impaired."
http://www.tbrpc.org/livable/garden/
Ulrich, Roger S. (1991). Effects of interior design on wellness: Theory and recent scientific research.
Journal of Healthcare Interior Design: Proceedings from the third symposium on healthcare interior
design (pp. 97-110). California: National Symposium on Healthcare Design, Inc.
Ulrich, Roger S. (1981). Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects.
Environment and Behavior, 13 (5), 523-553.
Ulrich, Roger S. (2000). Evidence-Based Garden Design for Improving Health Outcomes.
Investigating the Relationship between Health and the Landscape: Therapeutic Conference Report.
University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum.
University of Illinois Extension. "Between Gardeners: Enabling Gardens."
http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/macon/garden/0203b.html
This report was developed by Molly Furgeson, student, University of Minnesota Department of
Horticultural Science.
©2006 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.
Trouble seeing the text? | Contact U of M | Privacy
Gardening for people of all
"The love of gardening is a seed once sown
ages, abilities and lifestyles. If I never dies ..."
could have but one wish it
Gertrude Jekyll
would be to garden forever.
Most gardeners want to continue to
garden as long as they possibly can.
Lifestyle changes, age, infirmity, work,
financial circumstances all have an impact
Articles
on how much or how well we can garden.
Horticulture Therapy Create an Enabled Garden
Practical tips and techniques by
Joyce Schillen to continue a
favorite activity such as
gardening.
Horticulture Therapy
Garden columnist, Jerry Filipski,
describes the wonderful benefits
of this new "growing" profession.
Horticulture Therapy:
Cultivate your health with
gardening Master gardener,
Marion Owen, gives us tips for
staying fit in the garden.
The Aids Awareness
Garden Carla Allen tells the story
of a woman's garden planted for
her brother.
Layering Bulbs How to
maximize a small garden to get
blooms from early spring through
August.
Hands in the Garden
REACH for the Rainbow has
developed a very successful
gardening project at summer
Garden Forever is a place to read about
how other people manage to continue to
garden. In articles about the soothing
effect of gardening, gardens in the sky
(roof top gardens), overcoming health
problems, gardens that shine in the
evening, programs that help people,
children, the elderly, the physically
challenged, plus practical tips and ideas,
we'll explore and highlight ways to help us
all Garden Forever.
Most Recent Articles
Meet the Martins
Age Defying Gardening! The
Importance of Organic Farming!
Preserving Your Food From the
Garden by Canning
Learn to Grow! The Fun of
Gardening For Children
Water Conservation in the
Garden
Winter Growing Abilities: Winter
Gardening
Bobbing for Tomatoes! - How to
Tips
Springing into the
gardening season – it's a
stretch! Stretching tips from
the Ontario Chiropractic
Association.
7 Steps to Happy
Herb Growing
A balcony herb garden is
rewarding and doesn't have
to be a lot of work.
My Aching Back Save
your back from too much
stress
Take it Easy Plan
ahead to make gardening a
little easier on your body.
Watering Containers
Container gardens require
special watering techniques
Weeding Tips Any
plant that grows where you
don't want it is a weed
BulbsYour table is
ready Mr. Squirrel.
Weighty Matters
Watch those extra pounds
when planting containers
Tools Don't blame your
tools. Take good care of
them.
camps for children and
adolescents with developmental
delays and physical disabilities.
Kids Take Time to Grow
"Children with various disabilities
find satisfaction and meaning in
the magical transformation of
seeds into snow peas ..." Nancy
Wood, Art Therapist
Queen Anne's Lace More
than just a pretty weed by Carla
Allen
Gardening for the Senses
/ The Sensual Garden How to
Grow Juicy Tomatoes in Your Garden
Gardening Herbs For All Ages
A Garden for Everyone
From Flowers to Flags: An
Introductory Lesson to State Symbols
Garden Invaders: A Guide to
Identify and Rid your Garden of Plant
Viruses
Watering Tricks If you
your garden to your lifestyle.
Planting Trees and
Shrubs
grow.
Allergy-Free Wedding Flowers
Hobson takes a look at the lighter bridesmaids start sneezing and sniffling
right in the middle of the wedding by
side of gardening.
Thomas Leo Ogren.
Although French Impressionist
painter Claude Monet "eventually
lost most of his vision, he did not
stop painting, nor did he ever lose
his love of gardening". Larry
Caplan
Tips for peoplefriendly plantings Adapt
The Cottage Garden
One Humor in the garden. David Flowers that won’t make brides or their
Gardening Tips for
People with Impaired Vision
baskets like the ones in
Victoria, BC.
Landscape Gardening Resource: Tips to make sure your plant
investment continues to
Architecture, Themes and Terms
plant gardens that stimulate taste,
Parent’s Resource Guide to
smell, touch, and hearing by Larry
Gardening With Children
Caplan.
Public Enemy Number
Hanging Moss
Baskets Have beautiful
Enjoy Gardening at Any Age That
Gardening Supplies
and Storage
Gardening Hand
Tools
Lawn and Garden
Tools
Best Garden Supply
first delicious spring day is a temptress,
Plastic Sheds
luring all avid gardeners out of their winter
Outdoor Storage
doldrums and calling them out to play. ...
Sheds
By Monday morning the stiffness sets in,
aches and pains in long forgotten muscles
Metal Storage Sheds
remind them that they are not as fit as they
used to be.
Lanscaping Tools
Asthma Friendly Gardens
plant them, you must water them.
Thomas Leo Ogren offers 12 tips to make
Ways to make watering easier on
your garden an asthma friendly place.
the gardener while still
First Aid for Hanging Baskets
maintaining healthy plants by Lisa
Erickson.
We started with such good intentions but
with holidays and our busy lives, those
The Evening Garden
beautiful hanging baskets we nurtured in
Inspiration for gardeners who
the spring are starting to look pretty
work all day at home or in an
neglected. Jackie Carroll tells us how to
office. Enjoy gardens that glow in revive a dried out hanging basket before
the moonlight.
it's too late.
Loft Gardens For urban
Grow better, feel better, garden
gardeners a look at how modern longer The author of The Holistic Garden,
loft living combines with gardens Creating Spaces for Health and Healing,
in the sky on balconies and roof Karen York, helps us understand why
Garden Tool Storage
Wooden Sheds
Best Garden Sheds
Building A Shed
Lawn Edgers
Steel Storage Sheds
gardens.
Hanging Moss Baskets
Step-by-step guide on how to
plant beautiful Victoria-style
hanging moss baskets.
gardening is good for us and how to keep
doing it.
Herbs: Fragrance, flavour and fun
for container gardens "For a new
adventure with your balcony or windowsill
Gardens, Plants and You - Eden, try planting an old-fashioned herb
garden." by Mary Fran McQuade
A Guide to BotanyA simple
Jacksonville's Gardens of Peace
guide to botany, the science of
plants.
"With a firm conviction that dreams are
more powerful than fear, love more
Gardener Resources:
powerful than hate and peace more
How To Care For An Apple
powerful than war, community members
Tree A great guide on how to
are gathering together to create "Gardens
take care of an apple tree.
of Peace" in Jacksonville Florida." by Liz
Peak
Gardener Education:
Plants Toxic To Pets What
plants to watch out for when
you've got pets in the area.
Pruning Basics - Comfort First
When it come time to prune, check out the
latest and best methods to make it as
painless as possible.
Spring Cleaning, Backyard Style.
Seven time-saving tips to get your
backyard ready for summer.
Gardening, a way of life
Garden writer, Mary Fran McQuade, tells
us how to continue to enjoy one of life's
purist pleasures.
How to plan a garden right
Things to consider when setting up a
garden by David Kurshel
Landscaping to Eliminate
Allergenic Mold Spores Thomas Leo
Ogren, the author of Allergy-Free
Gardening, tells us about things we can do
in our gardens and landscapes to
eliminate allergy-causing mold spores.
Creaking through my Garden
Garden writer, Carol Wallace, on turning
fifty starts to re-plan how she will continue
gardening into her twightlight years.
Gardening across the generations
Ways for grandparents to enjoy gardening
with busy young grandchildren. By
Beverley Mitchell
Allergy-Free in The Rose Garden
"The most common allergen is pollen, and
this we can largely control." By Thomas
Leo Ogren
Whatchamacallits and
Thingamajigs
Unusual names for common tools. By
Carla Allen
Sandy - A Golden Gardener
In memory of a golden gardening
companion. By Beverley Mitchell
The Wolfhound Wreath
A very special story that celebrates the joy
of giving. By Carla Allen
Destined for Decorations
Fred & Sharon Randall use their gourds
and natural materials to extend the shortlived beauty of autumn. By Carla Allen.
Garden Forever: Ultimate Gardening Resource
We at Garden Forever have a great love for gardening that we want to share with every visitor
to our website. The resources in this site were carefully created and compiled to bring out the
gardener in every one of us. Come and discover the wonderful world of gardening in Garden
Forever!
Gardening in General
There is more to gardening than meets the eye. To start, let us explain first what gardening is.
In an article written by Mary Fran McQuade, that can be found on this website, she describes
gardening as one of life’s purest pleasures. We certainly agree with her! Being the resource
hub for information about gardening, we understand that it is not just a simple hobby. It is a way
to showcase your creativity by decorating your garden and at the same time, encourages a
healthy lifestyle. Garden Forever takes pride in promoting articles about gardening. Among the
articles that can be found here are the soothing effects of gardening, overcoming health
problems, gardens in the sky and many more. We also have different tips to offer like weeding
tips, tips for people-friendly plantings, 7 steps to happy herb growing and much more. There are
also helpful resources on garden tools, garden supplies and garden sheds. These resources
are being provided to help you Garden Forever.
Garden Tools & Garden Supplies
Like a writer with his pen, gardeners need to have the right garden tool to make their work
wonderful. If one is familiar with tools in horticulture and agriculture, they might be surprised by
how gardening hand tools resemble them. Garden Forever provides a selection of articles
about gardening supplies. To help you get familiarized, let’s take a peek at these garden
supplies:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Shovels are one of the most common garden supplies. These are primarily used for
digging and gathering dirt, soil, leaves and snow.
Pruning shears have three types: ratchet, anvil and bypass. These are used to level
hedges and create designed hedges.
A hoe is used for making narrow furrows and to pile up soil. Its main physical feature is a
square blade at the end which is attached to a long and straight wooden or metallic stick
handle.
A rake has a tooth bar fixed on a long handle that is used to collect leaves and grass.
Lawn aerators are used to aerate soil and also help grass to grow. It is interesting to
note that it also helps in increasing the fertility of soil because it encourages the
breeding of soil worms. The two types of aerators are piker or core aerator.
Spades are mainly used to dig and collect soil. However, they can also be used to
provide aeration to the soil and loosen the ground.
Pitchforks are known to look like a long handle with prongs. They are used to lift loose
material like leaves or dung.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
The fork is different from the pitchfork since its handle is shorter. It is used for digging
and lifting soil.
Pruning shears have a sharp knife-like structure used to cut shrubs and branches of
trees.
Grass shears are used for cutting long grass. They are different from pruning shears
because they are longer.
A lawn mower contains blades which move in a rotating motion and are used for leveling
the grass.
Hedge trimmers can be power driven or hand driven. They are used to trim hedges.
Lawn sweepers have many different types. There are powered lawn sweepers, push
lawn sweepers and tow lawn sweepers.
A wheel cultivator aerates the soil and is used for wheel control.
Aside from providing information about gardening hand tools and other garden supplies, we
match each tool with relevant links for further information. We also have a feature on
landscaping tools. In this feature, we discuss basic information on commercial landscaping and
provide links to where to get commercial landscaping equipment. Whether you are looking for
information on a simple garden tool or a commercial landscaping tool, we provide the resources
just for you!
Garden Sheds
A dedicated gardener is likely to have a large selection of tools used for gardening. To keep
garden tools and supplies in order, storage sheds can be used to organize and store all your
gardening equipment without taking up space in your home. Among the types of outdoor
storage shed that most of us are familiar of, there are actually different types of garden sheds.
Each shed has its own distinct characteristics. Here is a brief overview of some of the types of
sheds Garden Forever provides information on: Wooden sheds are the most popular among
the types of garden sheds. The appeal for many is the beautiful natural appearance that one
can customize to blend with the garden. Wooden sheds may also have a distinct aroma like
cedar and pine which some people find pleasing. The downside is that it is more expensive
than getting a plastic or wooden shed.
Plastic sheds are known for the value they provide for little money. Even though the price can
be cheap, they are still more durable and can last longer than sheds of other materials. Plastic
sheds are built to withstand harsh weather conditions. Another advantage is that they are very
easy to assemble and disassemble so if you are moving, you can disassemble and assemble it
at your new residence. However, for many one of the major disadvantages to plastic sheds is
that they do not blend well as well with the environment as other outdoor storage shed options.
The colors may also fade as time passes if the shed is not UV-protected. Metal garden sheds
are usually made of aluminum, steel or iron. These metals are known to be very strong and
durable. Compared to wooden or plastic sheds, it is easier to install a metal garden shed since
you can just add screws to connect the roof and the walls. It is also the cheapest when
compared to wooden or plastic shed. Unfortunately, a metal shed is more prone to corroding or
rust.
Steel sheds are recommended for their high level of security and durability as compared with
other types. They are not susceptible to pest, rodent and termite attacks. They are also less
expensive than other types and can even be installed directly on the ground. However they also
are not as aesthetically pleasing as wooden sheds.
To know more about these types of outdoor storage sheds, you can browse through the articles
listed on the website. Each type has its own detailed article with accompanying links. We also
have a useful article on building your own shed. These articles on garden sheds will truly help
you decide on what type of shed material you will buy or make.
We hope that you will enjoy browsing the Garden Forever website. Please feel free to contact
us if you have any questions. We would gladly assist you with any inquiry you might have.
Popular Gardening Pages
All articles and images are the property of Garden Forever. Please respect the copyright of these articles and information.
Contact Garden Forever if you have questions.
All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written consent of
Garden Forever is strictly forbidden.
www.gardenforever.com
Last update January 20, 2010
content
Welcome to the Chicago Botanic
Garden
Peek outside and you might see signs of spring coming up. The surest sign of
spring at the Chicago Botanic Garden is the Antiques & Garden Fair. Buy tickets
before April 10 and save 20 percent! Meanwhile, experience the hot desert's cacti
and succulents in the Garden's Arid Greenhouse, or take a walk through Garden
paths and see the seasons changing.
●
Keep Growing
Enjoy the spring issue of our magazine.
●
Register Now for Camp CBG!
Monday, June 16 to Friday, August 15
●
Lecture by Miles Redd
Friday, April 11
11 a.m.
●
Lecture by Danielle Rollins
Saturday, April 12
11 a.m.
●
Smartphone App
Download our new free smartphone app to enhance your visit.
●
Inspiring Nature Play in Spaces Large and Small
Wednesday, May 7
●
Story Time
Lenhardt Library
Mondays, January 13 – May 19, 2014
10 – 11 a.m.
●
Classes at the School
Classes are available for every interest and skill level.
●
Teacher Programs
Enrich your teaching techniques and enliven your classroom.
April
«
S M T W T
F
»
S
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
SIGN UP FOR GARDEN E-UPDATES • RSS FEEDS • DAILY OPEN HOURS • GARDEN MAP
Chicago Botanic Garden • 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022 • (847) 835-5440
The Garden is smoke-free. Admission is free, parking rates apply. Contact us.
© Copyright 1997-2014 Chicago Botanic Garden. All rights reserved. Credits | Privacy Policy
One of the treasures of the Forest Preserves of Cook County.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Illinois Bureau of Tourism
●
Home
●
About
●
Got Questions?
●
Buy This Cool Stuff!
●
Container Gardening Message Board
●
Subscribe
Container Gardening Guide
Container Gardening Tips
Google+
Pinterest
You can’t bear to toss your beloved old blue porcelain bowl set. And maybe that Michelin tire might come in handy again, so you should
keep it. Although you might not use recycled porcelain bowls or apple barrels but rather terra cotta or woven pots, the simple concept of
growing plants in pots or urns in addition to other objects, offers you a variety of enjoyable and creative ways to maintain and experiment
with your garden.
The concept of container gardening existed before Boccaccio’s Isabella planted her lover’s noggin in a pot of basil: the Egyptians and
Romans likely developed the idea.
Of late, container gardening’s popularity grew in southern California in the 1950s, and since then interest has escalated steadily. This
brief guide is designed to facilitate decisions in planning and growing your garden in containers, since you will need to select the right
containers and their ideal locations and plants.
Comments on this entry are closed.
●
Pages
❍
About
❍
Getting Started with Container Gardening
❍
Container Gardening Advantages
❍
Container Gardening Tips
❍
Containers for Gardening
❍
How to Take Care of Houseplants
❍
Plants for Container Gardens
❍
List of Different Flowers for Container Gardens
❍
Bulbs for Container Gardens
❍
Edible Plants and Containers
❍
Flowers for Container Gardening
❍
Plants for Container Gardens – Herbs
❍
Shrubs and Trees for Container Gardens
❍
Vegetables and Fruit for Container Gardens
❍
Wardian Case – A Terrarium for Indoor Container Gardening
❍
Tools for Gardening
❍
Odds and Ends: Additional Things to be Planted in Container Gardens
❍
Container Gardening Links
❍
Got Container Gardening Questions?
●
Recent Comments
❍
Ann on Got Container Gardening Questions?
❍
Jamie on Got Container Gardening Questions?
❍
lars on Got Container Gardening Questions?
❍
❍
●
Categories
❍
No categories
●
To search, type and hit enter
Get smart with the Thesis WordPress Theme from DIYthemes.
WordPress Admin
Home
& Architecture
Gardeners' Corner Kids' Garden Sustainable Garden Commercial
Innovate to Conserve Natural Resources
Master Garden Products
1-800-574-
7248
Home About Us Showroom & Trade Shows Product Care & Support Contact Us Search Shopping Cart Check Out Your Account
Thank you to all the dealers, retailers, garden centers, and businesses who have
visited our booth at the San Francisco International Gift Show, Seattle
Northwest Flower & Garden Show and the Oregon Yard and Patio Show
Our garden products consist of a few different categories with a variety of designs and sizes to choose from. Our line of indoor
and outdoor products include planter boxes, fences, garden accents, furniture, commercial display products, and accessories.
Our gorgeous and naturally rot resistant white cedar and plantation teak wood products make great outdoor and indoor garden
decor for both the residential and commercial.
Although bamboo is classified as grass, they are as elegant and as strong as the most durable types of wood. Bamboo is a
rapidly renewable material, as the stems can be harvested repeatedly from the same plant for 2-5 years. There are many different
species of bamboo, several of which are used in buildings and outdoor structures. Our bamboo line of products include outdoor
gardening, fencing, furniture, commercial display products, and bamboo building materials.
Bentwood material like the willow branches and peeled willow canes used in our willow garden products, grows quickly and are
individually hand collected by craftspeople from local forests and plantations. Willow sticks are a rapidly renewable material
and are harvested in a sustainable way from managed willow plantations. Our classic peeled willow products are constructed
with carbonized, steam dried willow sticks which will resist decay in harsh outdoor environments. Its light mahogany color and
clean wood-like character makes them great for outdoor gardening.
Natural materials like moss, sea grass, rattan, and water hyacinth, are from sustainable resources. We use them to make our
indoor planter containers and our basket line.
Additionally, in the spirit of recycling to conserve our natural resources, we introduced our oak wood wine barrel line. We
recycled these wonderful premium French and American oak barrel staves into an elegant, one of a kind, product line for both
the indoors and outdoors, while still retaining the beautiful and fine taste of the aged winery in which it originated form.
Order, Shipping
& Payment
Policy
Related Products
Bamboo garden products
Willow garden products
Green and Ecologically Sustainable
We want to incorporate the natural beauty of wood into our line of products. We acquire our cedar and teak wood material from
proven sources which are certified to practice responsible woodland management.
Willow grows rapidly on non-prime agricultural land and on poor drainage soil. They bring subsistence resources to farmers and
jobs to villages. Our newest addition of classic willow garden products brings more choices and styles to our willow garden line.
The bamboo's ability to grow on marginal and waste lands along with their rapid growth, low-cost extraction, processing, and
multi-functionality, gives them an important role as a necessary resource for rural communities. Rapidly renewable resources
like bamboo can grow even on steep hills, which in then can prevent erosions and conserve soil, as well as reduce carbon
dioxide levels in the atmosphere to help slow down global warming.
We also recycle used oak wood wine barrels into a series of unique planters, furniture, and other uses for your home garden.
Bamboo Plantation
Willow Plantation
We are proud members of
Botanical Garden Conservation International
Association
NAJGA
Our private policy for your protection
Copyright 2001. Master Garden Products. All Rights Reserved.
Send mail to here with questions or comments about this web site.
Last modified: April 04, 2014
Association of Zoological Horticulture
Public Garden
Fine Gardening Magazine Shop for books & more
Stay Connected with Fine Gardening
●
●
●
●
Login | Create an Account
FGplus Access Page
Fine Gardening
Submit Query
10 Unusual Annuals
1234
New in BlogsDiana's garden in OntarioBetsy's garden in New York
iframe
Annuals, Perennials, Shrubs, Trees, Grasses, Vines, Bulbs, Ground Covers, Container Plants
OR Browse All Plants
Featured this week...
6 Trees That Always PleaseYou can't go wrong by planting one of
these fool-proof picks.
All About Starting SeedsFind out about what to start from seed, where
to get seeds, how to start seeds; seed-starting equipment, and caring for your seedlings.
Beautiful Kitchen GardensTurn edible plantings into works of art with
four design strategies.
Featured: Earliest Blooms
Primula vulgaris hose-in-hose variety
('Hose-in-hose' cowslip, primrose)
Galanthus nivalis
(common snowdrop)
Plant Showcase - from our advertisers
Magazine extras
Campanulas You Can't Live Without - The Full ListHere are Richard Hawke's top picks and why he
likes them in "Campanulas you can't live without" in the May/June 2014 issue of Fine
Gardening (#157).
Plant ID's: Lessons learned from a 25-year-old gardenTwo seasoned gardeners impart words of
wisdom to help you avoid their mistakes and share in their successes. Here are Plant ID's that
accompany the story in Fine Gardening May/June Issue #157.
2013 Container Design Challenge Results: Monochromatic ColorLast spring, we challenged our
readers to design a container that featured a single color. Here is the winner, and many of the finalists!
How to Build a Single Stem TrellisIndeterminate tomatoes will grow forever if frost, extreme drought, or
some other thing doesn't kill them. Pruning can keep that endless growth in check, but you first need to
choose a means of support for your plants.
All magazine extras
Gardening Products
●
Gardener's Best Flower Fertilizer, 5 lbs.
$13.95
●
Noodlehead Sprinkler
SALE $16.99
Mole Max
Mole Max
$18.95
Felco Pruner Holster
Felco Pruner Holster
$11.95
Manual Water Timer
Manual Water Timer
$19.95
●
Bon-Neem Concentrate, 1 pint
Bon-Neem Concentrate, 1
pint
$19.95
next
See More Products
Need information on
gardening products and
services? Visit our new
Advertiser Marketplace!
Fine Gardening Over the Fence Forum | Plants, Garden Design, Edibles - Fine
Gardening
Need to find a seed source? A tool? Advice on your plants? Dig in!
Visit the Over the Fence Discussion
Recent Discussions:
Kitchen Designer London
Fitted Kitchens UK
Stilhaus Kitchens Complaints
Fine Gardening
●
●
●
Plant Guide
Garden Design
Container Gardening
●
●
●
●
●
Gardening How To
Gardening Videos
Blogs on Gardening
Gallery
Forum
●
Fine Gardening Magazine
Fine Gardening Magazine Subscription
Fine Gardening Magazine Renewal
Fine Gardening Magazine Gift Subscription
●
Fine Gardening Media Kit
●
Fine Gardening Books and DVDs
●
Fine Gardening on PlantersPlace.com
●
●
●
vegetable gardener
●
Grow Vegetables
Growing Tomatoes
Organic Gardening
How to Compost
Garden Projects
●
Vegetable Gardening Magazine
●
●
●
●
FineGardening.com and VegetableGardener.com are part of
the Taunton Home and Garden Network
FineHomebuilding.com
FineCooking.com
GreenBuildingAdvisor.com
FineWoodworking.com
ThreadsMagazine.com
StartWoodworking.com
CraftStylish.com
Small Buys
Taunton's self service advertising program. See how you can advertise on our sites for as little as $50.
Taunton Home | Books & Videos | Contact Us | Product recall information
Privacy Policy | Copyright Notice | Taunton Guarantee | User Agreement | About Us | Work for Us | Contact Us | Advertise
| Press Room | Customer Service | Subscriber Alert
The Taunton Press
© 2014 The Taunton Press, Inc., Part of Taunton’s Women’s Network. All rights reserved.
Using the proper tool is a vital part of successful gardening. Every gardener knows that, without
proper tools, no garden will give you the success you desire. In adapting the garden to the needs of
every gardener, a variety of tools are available. The tools discussed here are available at a variety of
stores, as well as online at various websites. Whatever style of tool you choose, there are a few
universal pointers that will help you as you garden:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Use tools with the right size grip - To find the right fit, make a circle with your index finger and
thumb, that is the size the grip of your tools should be
Try to find tools with a depression or ridge in the handle for you thumb to rest on, this will keep
your hand in the proper alignment
Use tools with longer handles to cut down on the need to bend over or kneel
Keep tools sharp and in good condition to conserve energy
Use the lightest weight tool possible to complete tasks
Work to keep your back straight and your joints in neutral positions to prevent joint stress
Use tools with a soft, pliable handle for easier gripping
Use nonslip surfaces so not to waste energy gripping tools too tightly
Ergonomic Tools:
Ergonomic tools are designed to keep the body in neutral positions. This lessens the amount of stress
on joints and allows you to work longer and exert less energy. Ergonomic tools generally are made
with large, soft handles. This allows you to get a better grip on the tool. In addition, ergonomic tools
have a textured, no slip handle, which also allows for a better grip. The tool should also have a
depression or ridge on top of the tool for your thumb to rest against. This keeps your hand and wrist in
a neutral position as you garden.
Enabling Tools:
Enabling garden tools are specially designed for disabled gardeners. They are specially designed to use
less energy and to help keep the body in proper alignment. Some common enabling tools are pistol
grip handles, telescopic tools, arm and wrist braces and Sure Grip tools.
Adapted Tools:
Adapting garden tools is the cheapest way to modify your tools. It doesn't necessarily involve the
purchase of any new tools and is especially useful if you have a particular tool that you truly enjoy
using, but are not able to use lately due to disability. Almost anything can become an adapted tool.
Below you will find some tips and tricks on how to create your own adapted tools. But don't let your
imagination stop there, be creative!
Seeding and Planting Tips
●
●
●
●
Use a length of PVC pipe and a funnel to plant larger seeds.
Place small seeds in a spice jar and sprinkle them onto the garden.
Consider purchasing a special seeder, such as a Sow Easy Seed Sower.
Put seeds into gelatin blocks and then drop them on the ground, the heat of the sun will melt the
gelatin leaving the seeds behind to grow.
Tools
●
●
●
●
Use baseball tape wound around the handle of your tool to create a larger surface area to grip.
Create a PVC pipe handle by heating an appropriate length and diameter piece of PVC pipe to
235 degrees in the oven **BE CAREFUL: the PVC will be hot*. Slide the pipe onto the handle of
your tool and gently squeeze to create a firm grip.
Purchase bicycle grips and slide onto the ends of tool handles.
Use foam pieces to enlarge the size of the handles on tools.
Being sure your plants have ample water is one of the cardinal rules of gardening. But watering a
garden can create some unique challenges for those with disabilities. Hoses are heavy to carry; and
once in place, often seem to get in the way. They are often difficult to roll up after use and, when left
out, create a tripping hazard. Hoses often require considerable hand strength to use effectively. Despite
this, there are some easy modifications that can be done to make watering your plants easier and safer
and allow you to more fully enjoy your garden.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Watering Related Websites
●
●
Watering the Vegetable
Garden
Watering Gardens
Grip Tips
●
●
●
●
●
●
Use gloves with sticky surface.
Build up handle to make it fatter by using bicycle grips, foam, or pipe insulation
wrap.
Support the wrist with cock-up splints; think about enabling garden tools that are
ergonomically designed with wrist support.
Use splints, supports, or assistive devices whenever possible, but ONLY after
consulting with your physician or therapist.
Use a universal cuff to hold garden tools.
Use smaller lightweight garden tools; use a reacher for picking up and planting.
Reach Tips
●
●
Extend the reach by lengthening handle of your garden tools by using PVC pipe. In
an oven heat PVC pipe at 325 for 5 minutes, quickly fit PVC pipe to garden tool,
and let cool for several minutes. Safety tip: Use caution when handling PVC pipe
after heating because it will be hot!
Use AMES or PRINTO extended handles or child size garden tools.
Raised Bed Garden Tips
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Gardening is easier on your body.
More accessible and eliminates bending and stooping.
Customize the garden to fit your needs.
Great for gardeners who lack space or physical ability.
Can provide increased visibility for persons with low vision.
Raised beds and containers should be no more than 4 feet in diameter and width.
Keep a 20 to 28 inch range and 2 to 2 1/2 feet height.
For more information on raised bed gardening contact your local Extension Service
or Master Gardeners.
Vertical Wall Garden Tips
●
●
Wall gardens can be supporting structures, fences, walls, trellises, container
trellises, arbors, netting’s, or strings
For additional information on vertical wall garden contact your local Extension
Service or Master Gardeners.
Hanging Baskets Tips
●
●
●
Can make own pulley system or use any variety of retractable hangers.
Use extended handle hose for watering.
For additional information on hanging baskets contact your local Extension Service
Container Garden Tips
●
●
●
●
●
●
Can be used for flowers, greenery, or even vegetables.
Provide the gardener with a lot of options.
Any vessel is suitable for container gardening if it has drainage.
Provides more stability.
Provides an opportunity to garden on patios, porches, balconies, decks, and even
windowsills.
For recommendations on container garden tips contact your local Extension Service
Pathway Tips
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Should be level and smooth.
Ramps and other grades should not exceed 5 percent.
An accessible width will depend upon who is using pathway.
Should have clear beginning and ending.
Textured surface for traction and orientation and contrasting colors and textures.
Turf is cheap and cool but requires maintenance. Being soft is not user friendly to
wheelchairs. Also, turf will die in high traffic areas. One solution, mix it with
concrete blocks or paving stones.
Wood chips, grass, mulch, compacted soil, crushed limestone, and gravel are too
soft and need replacement. BUT, will cushion falls.
Hard paving surfaces meet pathway requirements, but will not cushion falls and
can be expensive. Can use concrete, asphalt, power block, patio block (stepping
stones) brick, flagstone, or wood.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Gardening from a Wheelchair
Websites
●
●
●
HandHelpers.com
Thrive
Wheelchair Gardening
Gardening can be a very enjoyable activity for persons of all abilities but if you are too tired to garden
after hauling your tools around, the enjoyment you would get from it becomes a chore. Garden tools
can be heavy as well as bulky, but there are solutions, which will allow you to transport your garden
tools safely and easily and still have enough energy left to work in your garden. The following are
some ideas for ways to transport your tools, but be creative and find whatever works best for your
needs and abilities:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Use an old golf bag with wheels on it to carry long handled tools.
Find a small canvas bag to carry hand tools.
Purchase a sled and pull tools along.
Make use of a wheelbarrow to transport fertilizer and soil.
Use a wagon to pull tools to gardening locations.
Place a decorative mailbox in your garden and store tools there, out of the rain.
Don't be afraid to ask for help if an object is too heavy or too cumbersome for you to lift.
Websites
Transporting Garden Tools Websites
●
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
●
●
Choosing and Using Carts
Thrive Using Gardening to
Change Lives
Wheelbarrows and Garden Carts
Raised Bed Types
Raised Ground Beds
Raised ground beds are only 8-10 inches in height. These beds are especially suited for children with
physical disabilities or adults who prefer to work close to the ground. Ground beds are also used to
grow more permanent deep-rooted plants.
Deep Raised Beds
Deep raised beds can be built at a height and width that will provide the disabled gardener easy access
from a seated position. They can be built of virtually any material and can be permanent or temporary
structures, depending on the needs and desires of the gardener. A border or edge wide enough for a
person to sit upon can be helpful for semi-ambulatory individuals. Raised beds can be built in any
shape, although most are built in a rectangle.
Terracing and Retaining Walls
Terracing and retaining walls are two ways to put sloped areas of the garden to good use. A retaining
wall can be made to the height needed for the individual gardener. Ground space next to the wall needs
to be easily accessible to the gardener. Walls are usually made of brick or stone. Terracing involves a
series of small retaining walls or raised ground beds forming steps. The retaining wall and terraced
garden can give the advantages of both raised beds and ground beds.
Elevated Beds
Elevated beds are shallow beds, which are raised off the ground on legs. These benches are especially
good for gardeners who use wheelchairs because they allow the individual to get their legs under the
bench, giving them a comfortable work space. The height from ground level to the bottom of the bed
should be as low as is comfortable for the individual. Thirty inches is usually appropriate for most
adults. The bed should stand at least eight inches deep and is usually made of wood.
Construction Materials
Material
Advantages
Disadvantages
Wood
Easiest material to work
with; fits well esthetically
into any environment.
Treated wood can contain
chemicals that can damage
plants; can be expensive;
tends to rot.
Stone
Blends well into most
environments; large selection
available
May need contractor to
construct wall due to weight
and skill needed; usually
permanent; can be abrasive.
Very adaptable; can be premolded or poured on site;
colors and textures can be
blended well into urban
environments.
Must have appropriate
foundation; pouring may
require a contractor; can be
abrasive.
Cinder Blocks
Relatively easy to work with;
cheap; holes are adaptable as
planters.
Not very appealing
esthetically; large and bulky;
soil dries rapidly and requires
frequent watering.
Bricks
Can be most esthetically
pleasing of all materials;
available in variety of colors.
Brick-layer may be needed to
construct bed; expensive; tend
to be permanent.
Cheap; possibly free.
Can be abrasive; safety issues.
Concrete
Salvage
Terra Cotta
Very attractive; can be
inexpensive; smooth surfaces
tend to be less abrasive
Tends to be very heavy.
Standard Dimensions for Raised Beds
Wheelchair
Semi-Ambulatory
Ground
Height
2 - 2.5 feet
2.5 - 3 feet
1/2 - 1 feet
Width (One-Sided)
2 feet
2 feet
2 feet
Width (Two-Sided)
3 - 4 feet
4 feet
4 feet
Diameter (Circle)
3 - 4 feet
4 feet
4 feet
Customer Service E-mail Sign Up Order Status Sign In | Register
DETAILS
How to Choose Trellises and Supports
for Climbing Plants
By Kathy LaLiberte
Decorative plant supports, such as these Expandable Willow Trellises, can serve as interesting focal points in the
garden. Shop for Flower Trellises.
S
PEND a week or two touring British flower gardens, and you'll come home with a whole new
appreciation for how climbing plants can enhance a garden. Everywhere you turn the walls are covered with
roses and climbing hydrangeas; the trees and shrubs are threaded with clematis; pergolas, arches and
fences are draped in honeysuckle and ivies; obelisks and tripods are woven with sweet peas, morning
glories and thunbergia; passion vines, jasmine, mandevillea and bougainvillea fill pots and planters of every
shape.
Here in the U.S., few gardeners take advantage of these wonderful plants. Possibly it's because so few of
us have the structures to properly support them. With that in mind, here is a brief run down of the options
and how you can put them to work in your own garden.
A couple things to consider first:
Jardin Flower Trellis
Whatever supports you use, make sure they are sturdy; much sturdier than you think they need to be. By
the time August comes around, that trellis or tripod may be holding 50 to 100 lbs. of foliage, and having it
topple in a thunderstorm is heartbreaking. Supports should be made of weatherproof materials (such as
galvanized or plastic-coated wire, painted or treated wood), especially if you are planting a perennial vine.
Also think about whether you want the support—as well as the plant—to be a decorative garden feature, or
if the support's only job is to show off the plant. Decorative plant supports can serve as interesting focal
points in the garden (arbors marking an entryway, an obelisk marking the end of a pathway), or can provide
a sense of enclosure by screening views and/or delineating boundaries (fences, trellis panels, walls,
pergolas).
And last, think about what kinds of plants you want to grow. A climbing rose requires a different type of
support than a sweet pea; pole beans need a different support from a tomato or cucumber plant. To learn
more about which types of supports suit which types of plants, read How Plants Climb.
Here are the choices, starting with decorative and ending with the strictly functional:
Walls: Not many of us have beautiful 10-foot-high walls of aged brick around our gardens. But you might
consider growing plants on one wall of your house, the wall of an outbuilding, or the "wall" of a neighbor's
fence. There are a couple options for training plants against a wall. Clinging plants like Boston Ivy, can
attach themselves to almost any wall with no other support necessary. Most other plants will need to attach
themselves to a wall-mounted trellis or a system of wires and eye bolts.
Jardin Rose Arch
Arches and Pergolas: These structures can add distinctive flair to your garden, no matter what the
season. Design and placement are critical. Spend some time in your garden determining what style and
scale structure would be compatible with your house and landscape. These structures are most often made
of wood, which can be painted or stained to resist the elements. Steel and plastic versions are also
available, and are a smart choice if the style suits your garden.
Wire A-Frame Trellis
Flat Trellises: These are often used to define a space or provide a sense of privacy. They may be
freestanding, or can be anchored to a wall or posts. Sometime permanently located, they are also relatively
easy to move around the garden if you want to try out different effects. Examples of flat trellises would be
wood lattice panels, metal trellises of various kinds, and those made of plastic mesh.
Obelisks, Tripods and Teepees: Both functional and decorative, these structures add a strong vertical
element that can serve as a focal point in the garden. Like exclamation points, they're most effective when
not overused. Make sure the structure is tall enough to support the type of plant you want to grow. Scarlet
runner beans and vigorous varieties of morning glories, for instance, want a support that's 8 to 10 feet tall;
they'll quickly overpower a 4-foot tripod. Bamboo canes make inexpensive and attractive teepees for the
vegetable garden.
Nearly Invisible Netting can be used to turn nearly any surface into a climbing wall for plants. Shop for Vegetable
Supports.
Fencing and Porches: There are climbers to suit almost every type of fencing you can imagine—even
chain-link fences. Climbing roses look beautiful draped over a post and rail fence. When they get a little
help from strings or plastic netting, sweet peas look terrific growing against a picket fence. Porch railings
and banisters can be wrapped with plastic trellis netting.
Twiggy Branches: Ubiquitous in Britain, where they are usually called "pea sticks" because they are ideal
for supporting sweet peas. Collect some branches about 3 to 5 feet in length, and then simply push them
into the soil. The more tiny twigs, the better. Branches from shrubs often work better than trees. Why do the
Brits love them so much? They're free! But they're also quick to install, almost invisible when covered with
vines, and can be composted at year's end.
Cages and Freestanding Metal Supports: Most commonly used in the vegetable garden, these supports
are usually long on function and short on style. What's important is that they are sturdy and made of durable
materials, tall enough for the plants they'll support, are easy to store away at season's end.
Clematis 'Henryii' is happy (and looks great) scrambling up a white birch tree in my garden.
One last idea from England that's super-easy: Try growing a climber up through an existing shrub or tree.
Clematis are ideal for this job. Years ago, I planted Clematis 'Henryii' at the base of a white birch. At first I
had to help it up with some strings, but it quickly found its way into the branches above and every year, it
puts on a stunning display with its huge white flowers. Clematis are also happy to thread their way through
shrub roses and lilacs. Another plant that I often saw growing up through hedges was Tropaeolum, also
known as canary creeper. If your climate is temperate enough, passion vines are also good weavers.
So don't let the Brits have all the fun. Try combining a couple of these supports with a some interesting
climbing plants and let them take your garden to new heights.
GARDEN
HOME - Garage - Workshop - Office - Library - Bathroom - Living - Nursery - Spare
Utility - Kitchen - Games - Music - Garden - Kennel - SEARCH SITE
Hints and Things does not use any 1st Party cookies - more information .
PLANTS
Plants are not only decorative but can also be useful as they can be used to disguise eyesores, bins, posts, walls
and/or fences and, if the correct plants are chosen, can also be effective a means of security.
There are many different plants from which to choose, all with different attributes. Some are fast growing and will,
therefore, provide quick cover whilst others only flourish annually.
Here are just a few suggestions of plants, their characteristics and possible uses.
Climbing plants
Fast growers for quick cover - Clematis Montana is the fastest growing of all the clematis and also one of the
easiest to grow. In perfect conditions it can grow to a height of 12m (40ft). If it is cut back by about one third after
the first flowering this will encourage vigorous growth. Montana prefers alkaline soil and the roots and main stem
need protecting from direct sunlight.
Virginia creeper is a hardy climber with warm red foliage in Autumn. Ideally should be given a horizontal support.
Honeysuckle comes is several varieties which are vigorous and hardy, with strongly scented flowers ranging in
colour from pale creamy white to bright orange red. They prefer a lightly shaded spot, well drained soil and plenty of
compost.
Russian Vine is probably the fastest wall cover of all, but can easily get out of hand as it can grow 5m (16ft) in one
season.
Akebia quinata is a creeper with fragrant, deep purple flowers which will happily creep up any support on a warm,
sheltered wall. It quickly reaches a height of 4.5m (15ft) with a spread of 1.8m (6ft) and could eventually grow as
big as 6-9m (20-30ft).
Annual creepers - if you just want a splash of colour during Summer, here are a few suggestions:-
Sweet Peas are a beautiful, perfumed, dainty climber, available in a huge range of colours. They also have the
added bonus that if the blooms are picked for indoors this encourages more flowers to appear on the plant. They
are easily grown from seed outside, reach a height of approximately 1.8m (6ft) but do need support.
Nasturtiums do come in climbing varieties, available in yellows, reds and oranges and are ideal to cover a hedge or
left to scramble over banks etc. They can be grown from seed outside and will spread about 1.8m (6ft)
Black-eyed Susan is suitable for milder regions and has light orange flowers with deep brown centres. It can be
grown from seed germinated indoors, needs a sunny sheltered spot or greenhouse and will grow to about 1.8m-3m
(6-10ft) in a season.
Morning glory again is most suitable for mild areas. Available in blues, rich scarlets and purples, easily grown from
seed germinated indoors and will grow to about 2.5-3m (8-10ft) high in a season.
Plants suitable to hide a wall - if you need to disguise a wall or would rather look at a plant than bricks, here's come
help.
Firstly, decide which way the wall in question is facing as this is imperative to know when selecting the most suitable
plant.
North facing walls - the ground in front of a north facing wall will suffer from dampness and lack of sunshine. Some
suitable varieties could be Clematis hybrids, climbing Hydrangea, Ivy, winter Jasmine or Roses (e.g. 'Gloire de
Dijon', 'Mme Alfred Carrière' and 'Mme Grégoire Staechelin').
South facing walls - as these get plenty of warmth and sunshine dry soil could be a problem. Try Honeysuckle,
Passion Flower or annual climbers mentioned above, such as Nasturtium and Morning Glory or Ceanothus, Mexican
Orange or Myrtle which are more tender plants.
East facing walls lack sunshine and sometimes suffer from cold winds. Flowering Quince and Forsythia should be
suitable and most Roses would be O.K.
West facing walls are probably the best site of all and, therefore, decorative shrubs and climbers such as Magnolias,
Camellias, Wisteria, Honeysuckle or Clematis Montana would be ideal.
Try our plant finder below to find the ideal plants suited to your particular garden:
©FindMePlants
Copyright © 2000-2014 Hints and Things
All Rights Reserved.
No portion of this site may be reproduced or redistributed without prior written permission from Hints and Things. All trademarks & copyrights throughout Hints and
Things remain the property of their respective owners.
Hints and Things cannot be held responsible for any information given on this site nor do they necessarily agree with, or endorse, the views given by third parties.
Garden Index - Search - Contents - Contact Us - Home - Privacy and Cookie Information - Legal
Garage - Workshop - Office - Library - Bathroom - Living - Nursery - Spare
Utility - Kitchen - Games - Music - Garden - Kennel
Follow us
ORGANIC MOTION : Permaculture Design
HomeContactServicesProductsPlantsPortfolioBlogWorkshops
CrEATing efficient and healthy landscapes...
From concept to crEATion, Organic Motion provides services for consultation, design and implementation of home grown edible gardens.
Integrating efficient strategies that result in beautiful and sustainable landscapes, from your garden to your plate...
More INFO...
Would you VALUE innovative methods & techniques to effectively grow an abundant
landscape for a garden of eating?
We design aesthetic, edible and energy efficient landscapes for North Queensland, using innovative strategies based on Permaculture. With holistic living solutions
and intelligent design, we save you both time and money. Our design strategies will harmoniously integrate your landscape into a regenerative, abundant garden, that
will provide home grown organic food.
From your garden to your plate, true health is at your doorstep!
Services
Consultation and
Design
Integrative
Landscaping
Garden Blitz
Sessions
Workshops
Nourishing Schools
Nursery
Products
Comprehensive
design reports
including but not
limited to such
landscape
components listed
below:
Food Forests
Kitchen Veggie
Gardens
Tropical Perennial
Asian Produce
Gardens
Italian Produce
Gardens
Raised Bed or No
Dig Gardens
Coconut Polyculture
Gardens
Banana Circles
Herb Spirals
Chicken Tractors,
systems & Coops
Market Gardens
Water Harvesting
Pizza/Cob Oven
Vertical Wall
Gardens
+ More...
Want to be
part of the
Organic
Motion?
"The design process, at its best, integrates the aspirations of art, science, and
culture."
- Jeff Smith
Picture
Do You Value Home Grown Organic
Food
& Sustainability?
Eating seasonally from your garden provides abundant & nutritious
food, crEATing a vibrant, attractive & healthy landscape to enjoy.
Vitality, savings and sustainability can be easily achieved on a
household level, with positive effects flowing outward to make a
difference on a global scale.
Example of Consultation
and Landscape Design
Report
For Who?
We are passionate
about Permaculture
and believe in the
power of smart
We feel that permaculture design can assist all areas of community including:
design, empowered
people and local
food systems and
we hope you join
us!
●
Individuals wanting to improve personal health
●
Property Developers
●
Urban home owners wanting landscaped gardens
●
●
BLOG
Rural property owners wanting to improve landscape, soil and
diversity
Schools - nourishment curriculum workshops & garden
implementation
Follow our stories
about the Organic
Motion into our
home grown
journey...
●
Nutritionists or health coaches
●
Community groups for community garden facilitation
●
Businesses aiming to improve sustainability practices
●
Council for waste management strategies and community awareness
●
For you!
Our Vision
To nurture the motion toward organic, localised and sustainable food systems, spreading awareness of permaculture design for healthy people and planet!
Contact Us
Blog
Services
Products
"Let food be thy medicine and medicine by thy food" Hippocrates
Gardening can be an excellent activity for children with disabilities. Caring for their own section of the
garden can give children a great feeling of accomplishment as they watch their plants grow and
change.
The benefits of gardening for children include:
●
●
●
●
Improvement in fine and gross motor skills
Improved social skills
Enhanced self-esteem
Enhanced sensory perception and creativity
Gardening can be made easy and fun for children of all abilities by keeping mind a few things:
●
●
●
●
●
●
Have drinks and snacks available
Provide small or child-sized tools for better grip
Use larger seeds for easier handling; place smaller seeds into a spice jar and sprinkle for easier
planting
Allow for frequent rest breaks
Plant plants that grow quickly and easily
Modify the garden using raised beds, containers or trellis to make gardening easier for a child
with special needs
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Gardening with Children Websites
●
●
●
●
KinderGARDEN
KidsGardening
Children in the Garden
Building Your Own Home
Gardens
Those with visual impairments can enjoy the benefits of gardening by making a few simple
adjustments to their garden's layout and their gardening techniques:
Garden Layout
●
●
●
●
●
●
Layout the garden using as few curves as possible, using predominantly straight edges and right
angles for better navigation..
Use markers such as shrubs or trees, or a change in path color or texture to indicate changes in
path direction.
Place railings on all steps.
Make single-side access flower beds and raised beds no more than 3 feet across to allow the
gardener to reach all plants; two-sided accessible beds can be wider.
Avoid plants that have thorns and don't allow plants to overhang into the pathway.
Use sound markers such as wind chimes or moving water.
Plant Selection
●
●
●
Select plants that are not overpowering in their odors.
Pick brightly colored plants for individuals with partial vision.
Group particular colors together.
Seeding
●
●
●
Run a string with knots tied in it every few inches along your planting area, this allows the
gardener to feel their way down the string and plant seeds at the knots.
Use a damp finger to pick up tiny seeds and place them a few at a time on small pieces of tissue
paper, place the paper in the garden and cover with dirt. The paper will quickly disintegrate,
fertilizing the plants.
Drill holes into a board at regular intervals and drop seeds into the ground through the board.
Tools
●
●
Purchase or paint your tools bright colors to make them easier to find.
Use one-handed versions of tools whenever possible, freeing the other hand to feel the plant.
●
●
Keep tools in a bag that you can carry with you as you move around the garden.
Use one handed carts to transport tools and attach a radio or other sound making device to them
to allow them to be easier located.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Visually Impaired Gardening
Websites
●
●
●
●
Garden Design for Visually
Impaired
Gardening Tips for the Visually
Impaired
Thrive
HandHelpers.com
Gardening Hints for People with Arthritis
Arthritis is one of the most common diseases affecting adults in America today. Gardening can be an
excellent treatment for this painful and often debilitating disease. People who have arthritis and garden
maintain better flexibility in their joints, a larger range of motion and a enjoy better quality of life than
what they did before taking up this calming hobby. As with any activity, there are a few basic tips and
techniques that can allow you to better enjoy your time spent gardening:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Warm up your joints before beginning to garden, do some light stretching to reduce soreness later
on.
Keep tools and watering sources near your garden to cut down on extra steps and conserve your
energy.
Garden at times when you feel the strongest.
Employ the use of raised beds or container gardens.
Use proper tools and keep them in good condition.
Use the largest muscle group possible to complete a task, for example, when carrying a bag of tools,
place the bag on your forearm and let the large muscles of your arm do the work instead of carrying
it with your hand.
Pace yourself.
Use a stool or knee pad when working on or near the ground to protect your knees.
Wear gloves to protect your hands.
Change positions frequently to avoid becoming stiff.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Gardening with Arthritis Websites
●
●
●
Gardening & Arthritis
Gardening with Arthritis
HandHelpers.com
If you have limited strength, mobility, or trouble getting around the garden, try some of the following
tips for easier gardening.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Put hanging baskets on pulleys so that they can be easily lowered for maintenance.
When possible use lightweight pots for the patio or balcony. If using clay try having
them set on a platform with wheels so that you can easily move them around when
needed.
If you have a large garden and are always forgetting things, try getting a few
inexpensive tools and putting them in a plastic-type container (safe from the
elements) near the bottom of the garden. This will save steps and allow you to
prune and weed as you go.
Try using a mailbox to hold small hand tools. There are great decorative mailboxes
on the market that will add charm to the garden.
Place stools, garden chairs or benches in the garden so that you can rest often.
You can buy a garden cart to carry long handled tools but a plastic garbage pail on
wheels works just as well and is somewhat cheaper. The wheels are adjustable on
the back so they will stay in one place when you park it. The tools are where you
need them and they don’t fall.
If your arms and hands are weak, use lightweight tools. There are many sturdy
tools on the market, look for the ones made from nylon reinforced with fiberglass
that is virtually indestructible.
Hand tools with larger grip are easier to hang on to. You can enlarge or soften the
handle by adding foam or a bicycle grip.
Gloves are also good for griping, particularly when they have a ribbed surface.
Have a hose holder part way into the garden so you don’t have to carry it the entire
way.
Paint the ends of wooden handles a bright color so that when you drop them in the
garden they are easy to see.
Keep garden tools sharp to reduce the effort required doing the job.
Vary your tasks. A full day of pruning will give any gardener blisters. Remember
it’s not a race.
Gardening Tips Websites
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
●
●
●
●
GardenWeb.com
National Gardening Association
Rose Gardening Tips
HandHelpers.com
Many people today suffer from heart problems, such as high blood pressure or heart disease, or lung
problems, such as asthma. Living with one of these health concerns does not mean that you must give
up your gardening hobby. On the contrary, gardening can be an excellent source of exercise. By being
cautious and following a few guidelines, people suffering from these problems can easily reap the
benefits of gardening.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Work slowly, don't overdo it.
Warm up with some light stretching before beginning to garden.
Avoid reaching for things, as this expends a lot of energy.
Whenever possible, sit down to work.
Avoid heavy lifting of objects.
Try to work in the cooler parts of the day during the hot summer months, this means early in the
morning or late in the afternoon.
Whenever possible, use tools that require you to exert less energy.
Keep tools and watering items as close to the garden as possible.
If you suffer from asthma or sever allergies, pay attention to the allergen counts and try to stay
inside on days they are high.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Heart and Lung Problems
●
●
●
American Lung Association
Gardening Strategies for People
With Lung and Heart Problems
Heal Your Heart Gardening
Most Common Injuries:
●
●
●
●
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tennis Elbow
Bursitis of Shoulder, Hips, and/or Knees
Tendinitis
A common factor in all injuries is inflammation of the tissue. Synovial tissue in carpal tunnel
syndrome, muscle tissue in tennis elbow, tissue surrounding muscles and tendons as they pass over
bony prominence in bursitis, and tendon sheaths or tendons in tendinitis.
Cause of Inflammation
●
●
●
●
●
Overuse
Repeated pressure on a site
Strenuous repeated motions
Continuous forceful gripping
Acute trauma
Basic Principles of Prevention of Repetitive Motion Injury
●
●
●
●
●
●
Work load should be close
Use best ergonomic position possible
Match the tool to the job
Decrease resistance
Spread the load over multiple joints or larger joints
Pace the activity
HOW TO APPLY PREVENTION PRINCIPLES TO GARDENING!!
STRETCH - STRETCH - STRETCH - STRETCH
Remember, just as in exercising, you need to prepare your joints and muscles for activity. Any
stretching or warming-up exercise program will work. If you experience stiffness in the morning, take
a warm shower or bath to loosen up before heading out to the garden.
Work Load
If you cannot get down to the work load, bring the work load UP to you. When standing, do not over
reach and maintain an upright posture. The longer the handle the more force it takes to use and lift that
garden tool. To decrease this effect, lighten the weight of the tool, use only sharp tools, and match the
tool to the job.
Ergonomic Position
Position yourself so the muscles can be used at their maximum efficiency. When standing, don’t lock
your joints. Also, sitting in a supported squat or at 90 degrees is hard on the joints and difficult to get
up from. The straighter your elbow and the farther away it is from the body, the less efficient your
position. You can increase efficiency by selecting the right tool, decreasing resistance, and using
multiple joints. Place thumb and index finger together, making a circle. This is your most efficient grip
size.
Match the Tool
One-purpose tools are generally the best, when you cannot easily carry around several tools. Limit
yourself to two or three tools.
Decrease Resistance
Keep tools sharp. Small work surface, i.e., pointed hoe, narrow rake or shovel allows tool to move with
less resistance. Use the most efficient grip size and no slip surface to reduce force of grip required.
Power, if used safely, is wonderful. Variety of watering systems eliminates the need to drag a hose.
Plant in a peat moss mixture instead of soil.
Spread the Load
You are spreading the load by putting an extra handle on a shovel, extending a hand tool onto the
forearm, turning a sprayer from a hand-held carry to a backpack, or using a two-wheel garden cart
instead of a wheel barrel.
Pace the Activity
The risk of injury is greater when you forget to stop and take breaks. Take your time, gardening is not
a race. By working slowly, sitting back, and reflecting on the beauty that surrounds you allows your
muscles time to recover. Break a heavy load up by stopping every 30 minutes and doing a light
activity. Be organized, reduce the number of trips needed for supplies.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Repetitive Motion Issues Websites
●
●
●
Repetitive Motion Disorders: What
are they?
Repetitive Motion Injuries
HandHelpers.com
Gardening is America’s favorite leisure outdoor activity, enjoyed by more than 78 million
people, according to the National Gardening Association. For most of us, gardening provides a
welcome sojourn in the natural world, a sanctuary that promises relief from the challenges of
life. Yet many feel the need to give it up as they become less physically able. Gardening can
enrich the life of the senior gardener in many ways - physically, mentally, and spiritually. The
following tips for modifying tools and gardening techniques can make all the difference for the
senior gardener.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Paint your garden tools with a bright color. This will enable the senior
gardener to easily locate tools.
Purchase seed and seed tape for easier handling and planting.
Grow plants that heighten the sense of touch or smell.
Use a vertical garden or trellis. This allows the senior gardener to plant and
weed without stooping or bending.
Build and design raised beds that provide a place to sit and garden.
Try using a stool, chair, or bench to avoid constant stooping or squatting.
Use the right length tools. Long handled or curved handled tools provide
better grips and more leverage.
For safety sake, garden early in the morning or late in the day. Avoid being
out between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Drink plenty of decaffeinated fluids
to prevent dehydration. Also, allow time for breaks in the shade.
Wear lightweight clothing, long sleeved shirt, eye protection, sunscreen, a
big hat to shade face, and gardening gloves.
●
●
●
●
Healing Gardens
Garden Forever
Gardening for Seniors Websites
●
●
●
Gardening with the Elderly
Easier Gardening for Seniors
HandHelpers.com
Gardening with a bad back has its problems. However, the good news is, with simple tools modifications you can
still garden. Garden tools can be adapted to alleviate the strain and stress on your back.
Gardeners with back problems should keep in mind the following suggestions:
●
●
●
●
●
Keep your back straight while digging.
Use long-handled tools.
Use handle extenders to improve leverage.
Try to customize your own gardening and planting devices.
Garden in accessible garden containers:
Raised beds are large bottomless boxes that contain soil and permit drainage below.
Boxes and containers of various sizes provide successful ways to grow vegetables and flowers. Be sure to pick a
container that will allow for healthy root development.
Hanging baskets can create planting space where none exists. Or, combined with a container garden, can give a
double-decker growing area. Also, you can make your own pulley system by using steel hooks or rings
clamped/mounted to railings or walls.
Table planters are shallow soil-filled trays supported on legs. Remember, 27 inches is needed for knee clearance
to comfortable allow chair to fit underneath.
Deep boxes, barrel, and tubs can be used to create small raised beds for flowers, vegetables, and herbs. These
containers work well for annual plants.
●
●
●
●
●
Use a stool, heavy duty 5 gallon bucket, small folding chair, or bench when you need to rest.
Grow flowers, plants, vegetables, or edibles that are easy to manage without much stooping or
manual labor. (gardenhobbies.com)
Plot out your garden tasks. Avoid numerous trip and don’t overload yourself with a lot of
tools or garden equipment. (garden.org)
Make hauling your garden tools easier by using a golf bag on wheels, sturdy box, apron with
large and small pockets, or basket with a variety of handles that can hold tools, plants, seeds,
and other related garden supplies.
HandHelpers.com
1. Health
About.com
Arthritis & Joint Conditions
Search
●
●
●
●
Arthritis
Symptoms / Diagnosis
Treatments
Coping
●
●
Share
●
Share this page on:
Send to a Friend via Email
Your suggestion is on its way!
An email with a link to:
http://arthritis.about.com/od/arthritisbyanatomy/a/motiondisorders.htm
was emailed to:
Thanks for sharing About.com with others!
Most Emailed Articles
Email to a FriendEmail to a FriendEmail to a FriendEmail to a FriendEmail to a Friend
Free Arthritis & Joint Conditions Newsletter!
Discuss in my forum
Sign Up
What Are Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Repetitive motion disorders affect millions of
people in the United States.
By Carol Eustice
Updated May 25, 2006
See More About
●
●
●
●
repetitive motion disorders
joint pain
muscle pain
work and disability
Repetitive motion disorders include a large group of conditions that
primarily affect the soft tissues, including the nerves, tendons,
ligaments, and muscles.
What Are Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Repetitive motion disorders are a family of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions
performed in the course of normal work or daily activities. Repetitive motion disorders are also called:
●
●
●
Cumulative Trauma Disorders
Repetitive Stress Injuries
Overuse Syndromes
Repetitive motion disorders can include:
●
●
●
●
●
●
carpal tunnel syndrome
bursitis
tendinitis / tendonitis
epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
ganglion cyst
tenosynovitis
●
trigger finger
What Causes Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Repetitive motion disorders are caused by:
●
●
●
●
●
too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion
unnatural or awkward motions such as twisting the arm or wrist
overexertion
incorrect posture
muscle fatigue
Where Do Repetitive Motion Disorders Occur?
Repetitive motion disorders occur most commonly in the:
●
●
●
●
●
●
hands
fingers
thumbs
wrists
elbows
shoulders
Repetitive motion disorders can also happen in:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
neck
back
hips
knees
feet
legs
ankles
What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Repetitive motion disorders are often characterized by:
●
●
pain
tingling
●
●
●
numbness
visible swelling or redness of the affected area
loss of flexibility and strength of the affected area
For some individuals, there may be no visible sign of injury, although they may find it hard to perform
easy tasks.
Over time, repetitive motion disorders can cause temporary or permanent damage to the soft tissues in
the body such as the:
●
●
●
●
muscles
nerves
tendons
ligaments
Repetitive motion disorders can also cause compression of nerves or tissue.
Who Is Affected Most By Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Generally, repetitive motion disorders affect individuals who perform repetitive tasks such as:
●
●
●
●
●
assembly line work
meatpacking
sewing
playing musical instruments
computer work
Repetitive motion disorders may also affect individuals who engage in activities such as:
●
●
●
carpentry
gardening
tennis
What Are The Treatment Options For Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Treatment for repetitive motion disorders usually includes reducing or stopping the motions that cause
symptoms.
Repetitive motion disorder treatment options can also include:
●
taking breaks to give the affected area time to rest
●
●
●
adopting stretching and relaxation exercises
applying ice to the affected area to reduce pain and swelling
using medications such as:
❍
❍
❍
●
●
●
pain relievers
corticosteriods
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
splints may be able to relieve pressure on the muscles and nerves
physical therapy may relieve the soreness and pain in the muscles and joints
In rare cases, surgery may be required to relieve symptoms and prevent permanent damage.
What Is Being Done To Help Prevent Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Some employers have developed ergonomic programs to help workers adjust their pace of work and
arrange office equipment to minimize problems.
What Research Is Being Done For Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Much of the on-going research on repetitive motion disorders is aimed at prevention and rehabilitation.
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) funds research on
repetitive motion disorders.
What Is The Prognosis For Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Most individuals with repetitive motion disorders recover completely and can avoid re-injury by:
●
●
●
changing the way they perform repetitive movements
changing the frequency with which they perform them
changing the amount of time they rest between movements.
Without treatment, repetitive motion disorders may result in permanent injury and complete loss of
function in the affected area.
Related Resources
●
●
●
Where Does it Hurt?
Joint Pain
Joint Protection Techniques
Source: NINDS Repetitive Motion Disorders Information Page
Related Resouces - Repetitive Motion Disorders
●
●
●
Where Does it Hurt?
Joint Pain
Joint Protection Techniques
●
●
●
How To Protect Your Joints
The Pain Relief Quiz
The Pain Quiz: Acute vs. Chronic Pain
●
●
●
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Bursitis
Tendinitis / Tendonitis
Related Articles
●
●
●
●
●
What is a Repetitive Motion Disorder - An Explanation of the Term Repetitiv...
What Are Repetitive Stress Injuries?
What is a Musculoskeletal Disorder - An Explanation of the Term Musculoskel...
Gastrointestinal motility disorders
The Many Names for Repetitive Stress Injuries
Carol Eustice
About.com Arthritis & Joint Conditions
●
Sign up for My Newsletter
●
●
Headlines
Forum
Top Related Searches repetitive motion disorders cumulative trauma disorders repetitive stress injuries
tendons ligaments ganglion cyst incorrect posture
Explore Arthritis & Joint Conditions
Must Reads
●
●
●
●
●
What Is Arthritis?
Symptoms of Arthritis
Diagnosis of Arthritis
Treatment of Arthritis
Arthritis Screening Quiz
Most Popular
●
●
●
●
●
Arthritis Screening Quiz
Lupus Screening Quiz
Fibromyalgia Screening Quiz
Rheumatoid Arthritis Screening Quiz
Foods Not to Eat if You Have Gout
See More About:
●
●
●
●
repetitive motion disorders
joint pain
muscle pain
work and disability
By Category
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Types of Arthritis (A-Z)
Joint Pain (Ankle to Wrist)
Symptoms / Diagnosis
Arthritis Medication Options
Treatments / Joint Surgery
Arthritis Diet / Exercise
Arthritis Pain Relief
Natural / Alternative Treatments
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Consult Doctor / Rheumatologist
Working With Arthritis / Disability
Assistive Devices / Mobility Aids
Managing Daily Living Activities
Coping Strategies for Arthritis
Inspiration and Support
Frequently Asked Questions
About.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
About.com
Health
Joint Pain (Ankle to Wrist)
Repetitive Motion Disorders - What Are Repetitive Motion Disorders?
Also from About.com:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Calorie Count - Nutrition Database
Advertise on About.com
Our Story
News
SiteMap
All Topics
Reprints
Help
●
Write for About
Careers at About
User Agreement
Ethics Policy
Patent Info.
Privacy Policy
●
Your Ad Choices and Cookie Policy
●
●
●
●
●
©2014 About.com. All rights reserved.
We comply with the HONcode standard
for trustworthy health information: verify here.
Ohio State University Extension Fact
Sheet
Horticulture and Crop Science
2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43210-1086
Gardening With the Elderly
HYG-1642-94
Jack Kerrigan
Many changes occur as a person ages. These changes impact a person's physical, emotional and cognitive
abilities as well as social roles. Gardening can be used in a therapeutic way to address these issues and
improve the elderly person's physical and emotional conditions, cognitive ability and social interactions.
However, many of the changes involved in aging must be addressed by modifications in gardening
practices, situations and tools. Changes that occur with age are listed in the following chart as well as the
impacts of the changes and the gardening adaptations that can result in continued participation.
Life changes caused by aging
Physical
Impacts
Gardening Adaptations
Reduced clarity. Blue, violet and
Vision: The lens thickens, yellows
green harder to see. Depth
and becomes opaque.
perception is diminished.
Muscular and skeletal: There is
reduced agility, balance and
strength and an increase in
tremors and broken bones.
Difficulty lifting and moving
objects. Falling is more likely.
Gardening becomes more
difficult.
Paint tools a bright color. Use
larger seed or pelletized seed.
Grow plants with more tactile
and olfactory stimulation. Use
vertical planting. Create smooth
surfaced paths.
Raised beds reduce the need to
bend or kneel. The edges of
raised beds can provide a place
to sit while gardening. Stools
provide an intermediate step
between standard gardening and
raised beds. Adaptive tools with
better leverage and improved
grips help make gardening
easier.
Garden early in the morning or
late in the day. Drink water and
juice and avoid alcoholic
beverages. Shower frequently or
splash water on the body. Wear
High and low temperatures are
lightweight, loose fitting clothes
not tolerated as well.
that cover exposed skin. Wear a
Temperature adaptability: The
Hyperthermia or heatstroke is
hat. Apply sunscreen. Eat light
body does not adjust as quickly or
more likely. Heat exhaustion
meals. Discuss heat related
as well to temperature extremes
caused by loss of body water and
problems that may be
and changes.
salt is likely. Sunburn, eczema,
complicated by medications
dermatitis and infections increase.
with a physician. Wear gloves.
Soak cuts and punctures in a
mild salt solution (1 teaspoon
per cup of water) until scab
forms.
Disease and chronic conditions:
arthritis and rheumatism, heart
disease, kidney function
Adaptive tools combined with
light, easily worked soil allow
gardening activities to continue.
Strength decreases and pain
Indoor and container gardening
increases. The person tires easily. projects are more appropriate.
Urination increases in frequency. Frequent resting periods and a
cool place to rest are needed.
Bathroom facilities should be
near the garden.
Cognitive
The garden can be kept simple
Concept development may
with less confusing plantings.
decrease if the person is not active It becomes more difficult to learn Plants that trigger memories can
and social. Alzheimer's disease is new skills and to remember recent be planted. A distinctive and
more likely, resulting in loss of
activities.
familiar focal point allows for
short-term memory.
easier orientation and
wayfinding.
Reaction time increases.
The learning pace slows.
Accidents with power tools are
more likely.
Avoid the use of power tools.
Allow plenty of time for
gardening activities, keeping the
pace leisurely.
Societal Roles
Sense of security and safety is
decreased.
Gardening activities should be
in a safe place that provides a
This increases the level of fear of sense of security. Fences and
walls provide security.
outside events and accidents.
Gardening with other people
provides security and safety.
Family roles change.
Economically the elderly person
becomes more dependent and
This can result in aggressive
loses control of many aspects of
behavior, isolation, regression or
life. Family and friends may move
depression.
or die, isolating the person. Selfesteem and self-confidence are
reduced.
Gardening activities should be
kept low in cost. The gardener
should be given control over his
or her area of the garden or have
his or her own plants to care for.
The gardener should be allowed
to express individuality while
working within a group. In
groups, a committee structure
can be used to make policies
and solve problems. Social
activities associated with the
garden should be encouraged.
Allow gardeners to teach others.
Inter-generational activities are
particularly effective.
Resources
Sources of adaptive tools adaptability, Post Office Box 515, Colchester, CT 06415
Lehman Hardware and Appliances, 4779 Kidron Road, Post Office Box 41, Kidron, OH 44636
Mellingers, Inc., 2310 West South Range, North Lima, OH 44452
Park Seed Co., Cokesbury Road, Greenwood, SC 29647
Walt Nicke Co., 36 McLeod Lane, Post Office Box 433, Topfield, MA 01983
W. Atlee Burpee & Co., 300 Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974
Sources of information from organizations and agencies
American Horticultural Therapy Association, Wightman Road, Suite 300, Gaithersburg, MD 20879
American Association of Retired Persons, National Headquarters, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC
20049 Council on Aging, 600 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20024
Further Reading
The Able Gardener: Overcoming Barriers of Age & Physical Limitations. Kathleen Yeomans. 1993.
Storey Communications, Inc. Pownal, VT
Accent on Living. Accent Publications, Post Office Box 700, Bloomington, IL 61702
Adaptive Garden Equipment. Julia Beems. 1985. Craig Hospital, 3425 South Clarkson, Englewood, CO
80110
A Positive Approach. 1600 Malone Street, Municipal Airport, Millville, NJ 08332
Arthritis Today. Arthritis Foundation, 1314 Spring Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30309
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis
without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran
status.
Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Ag. Adm. and Director, OSU Extension.
TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-6181

Gardens for Every Body

Transcription

Similar documents

Explore a stunning collection of private gardens behind the stately

MAP ARTWORK + LEGENDS - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

Firetail Fleeceflower

Garden bird guide - Landcare Research

Cairnwood Estate

Outdoor Living Extravaganza

UN Day Invitation here

Untitled

when where emcee event chairs

flower power - San Francisco Botanical Garden