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Il sito Internet dell'Agenzia ANSA
Scienza e Medicina
Oceani più caldi e acidi
Sotto monitoraggio come malati. Gli esperti chiedono una rete globale di
osservazione entro il 2015
31 ottobre, 14:40
Oceani
ROMA - Proprio come ad un malato in ospedale, anche agli oceani andrebbero monitorati i 'parametri
vitali'. Secondo la Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (Pogo), un'organizzazione che
riunisce le principali istituzioni oceanografiche del mondo, il sistema dovrebbe essere messo in piedi
entro il 2015, ed aiuterebbe a segnalare eventi catastrofici come i terremoti sottomarini che causano
gli tsunami, oltre a fornire in tempo reale i dati sullo stato di salute, sempre piu' malandato, degli
oceani.
"In futuro gli oceani saranno piu' salati, piu' caldi, piu' acidi e con meno biodiversita' - spiega Jesse
Ausubel, uno dei fondatori dell'organizzazione che portera' la richiesta al Geo VII, la conferenza
interministeriale che si apre a Pechino il 4 novembre - e' arrivato il momento di capire bene cosa sta
succedendo nei mari che ci circondano".
Il sistema studiato costerebbe da 10 a 15 miliardi di dollari, piu' 5 all'anno per il mantenimento, ma
secondo gli esperti porterebbe a vantaggi economici molto maggiori dei costi. Le variabili da misurare
sono di tre tipi, da quelli fisico-biologici, come il rumore e le vibrazioni, queste ultime utile
'campanello d'allarme' per gli tsunami, a quelle biologiche, come i cambiamenti nelle popolazioni
degli animali marini, a quelle chimiche come temperatura, inquinamento e acidita'.
Proprio quest'ultima e' una delle caratteristiche che preoccupa di piu' gli esperti: "La superficie degli
oceani - spiegano - e' il 30% piu' acida rispetto al 1800, e il 50% di questo cambiamento e' avvenuto
negli ultimi 50 anni a causa della maggiore CO2 nell'atmosfera. Questo trend mette a rischio le
barriere coralline, ma anche diverse specie di plancton che sono alla base della catena alimentare
marina. Gli scienziati oggi potrebbero fare come i medici, che hanno una registrazione continua dei
segni vitali del paziente da cui possono vedere quando c'e' un allarme e intervenire, se solo si
facessero gli investimenti".
Alcuni esempi di questi sensori ci sono gia': in Giappone, ad esempio, un cavo sottomarino che
monitora i terremoti fara' risparmiare, secondo le stime, fino a 25mila vittime in caso di forte
terremoto. Un altro esempio e' il progetto Argo, in cui 3mila robot sottomarini (ma ne servirebbero 10
volte tanti per un'analisi completa) in diversi paesi stanno facendo un monitoraggio continuo delle
condizioni fisiche degli oceani.
Tutti i sistemi messi in atto finora pero' sono solo una piccola parte di quelli necessari, per cui
servirebbe l'impegno di tutti i paesi del mondo. "Dipendiamo dagli oceani per i trasporti, le proteine, i
farmaci, i minerali e gli idrocarburi - commenta il direttore di Pogo Trevor Platt - ma non sappiamo
nulla riguardo a come gli oceani stanno cambiando. Senza le informazioni appropriate non riusciamo a
prevedere e prepararci a cio' che succedera' in futuro".
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P.I. 00876481003 - © Copyright ANSA - Tutti i diritti riservati
Canadian Press
System needed to monitor oceans'
vital stats, warn of disasters:
monitor oceans' vital stats, warn
scientists
disasters: scientists
SUNDAY, 31 OCTOBER 2010 13:26 ALISON AULD, THE CANADIAN PRESS
HE CANADIAN PRESS
round the
high-tech
the ocean's
ts and other
chers is in
nded ocean-
salinity,
ght alert
uakes to
ith the
Oceans, said
n the system
them from
A mother and her daughter stand in flood waters which
submerged theirs and other homes in Badin district, 100
kilometers (62 miles) northeast of Karachi, Pakistan on
Tuesday, August 5, 2003. Scientists are urging governments
around the world to invest in a ocean-based system that
could provide warnings of droughts, floods and other
environmental disasters. THE CANADIAN PRESS/AP-Pervez
Anjum
e powerless
y come in the future," he said before the start of meetings Wednesday.
Scientists are urging governments around the world to pour billions of dollars into
a high-tech network of devices that would monitor the ocean's vital signs and
sity in Halifax, admitted
systemdroughts
carries a heavy
price tag
at a time
warn ofthefloods,
and other
natural
disasters.
bserving network for the global ocean to warn of trouble."
of global economic restraint.
An international consortium of researchers is in Beijing this week to press for an
expanded ocean-based system that could identify salinity, temperature and
,500 people, affected 20 million more and could cost up to $9.5 billion.
ystem would have been helpful in foreshadowing the recent monsoon
institutions in 21 countries said the system they want in place by 2015
d yield continuous data on changes linked to global warming.
mical variations tied to climate change, Platt said, citing recent heat
anomalies that might alert countries to everything from earthquakes to tsunamis
aand droughts.
Trevor Platt, a marine biologist with the Partnership for Observation of Global
Oceans, said nations need to speed up investment in the system that could cost
$15 billion, but save them from future economic losses.
"Without the proper information, we are powerless to anticipate and prepare for
what may come in the future," he said before the start of meetings Wednesday.
"Our best defence is an observing network for the global ocean to warn of
trouble."
Platt, a professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, admitted the system carries
a heavy price tag at a time of global economic restraint.
But the marine biologist said such a system would have been helpful in
foreshadowing the recent monsoon floods in Pakistan that killed at least 1,500
people, affected 20 million more and could cost up to $9.5 billion.
The scientists from 38 oceanographic institutions in 21 countries said the system
they want in place by 2015 and covering the world would yield continuous data
on changes linked to global warming.
That would include physical and chemical variations tied to climate change, Platt
said, citing recent heat waves in Europe, droughts in the U.S. and forest fires in
Russia that are all traceable to the oceans.
It's estimated that only about $1 billion is now being spent on monitoring a
fraction of marine ecosystems every year.
Researchers say governments need to direct significant funds into marine study
since the ocean surface is 30 per cent more acidic today than it was in 1800, with
much of that occurring in the last 50 years.
The rise in acidification, due largely to an increase in atmospheric carbon
dioxide, hurts most marine life forms and the coral reefs where many species
live. A recent study found that high acidity was slowing the growth of key plankton
central to planetary climate regulation and oxygen production.
"Most ocean experts believe the future ocean will be saltier, hotter, more acidic
and less diverse," said Jesse Ausubel, a founder of the global oceans group.
"It is past time to get serious about measuring what's happening to the seas
around us."
Platt said that despite pleas dating back to 2007 for the system and rising
concerns over the state of the world's oceans, governments aren't moving quickly
to get the network in place.
Canada has installed an underwater network of gadgets — called Neptune —
off the West Coast that will take continuous measurements on the seafloor. It will
identify masses of fish, microbial species and plankton.
It has also invested in a "robotic navy of 3,000 probes" around the world called
Argos that measure pressure, salinity and temperature at depths down to two
kilometres and transmit readings via satellite.
Other programs have tagged elephant seals, tunas, white sharks and turtles to
record the light, depth, temperature and salinity conditions they pass through,
while revealing biodiversity hotspots and migratory routes that need protection.
Shubha Satheyendranath, assistant director of the oceans group, said some
countries are slowly introducing the technologies, but there is a large gap
between rich and poor nations — the latter of which are home to most of the
world's seas.
She said tsunami warning systems are improving and cites Japan, which
invested $100 million in a seafloor alert system that could prevent roughly 7,500
deaths and about $10 billion in economic losses if another major earthquake hits.
"Tsunami warning systems are better, but not as improved as much as we would
like," she said from Plymouth, England.
"Much of the capacity for observing the oceans lie in the Northern Hemisphere
and most of the oceans are in the Southern Hemisphere."
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Omar Khadr | EN DIRECT: Voici les résultats sportifs
Les scientifiques veulent surveiller les océans
Publié: 31 octobre 2010 14:27
Mis à jour: 31 octobre 2010 14:32
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OTTAWA - La communauté scientifique presse les gouvernements d'investir dans un système de base
de données sur les océans, qui servirait à la prévention les sécheresses, les inondations et d'autres
désastres environnementaux.
Les chercheurs, qui se réuniront cette semaine à Pékin, ont indiqué que les États tardent trop à
mettre en place un système international qui surveillerait principalement les signes vitaux des
océans.
Un biologiste marin de l'organisation Partnership for Observation of Global Oceans, Trevor Platt, a
indiqué que le coût d'un tel projet serait d'environ 15 milliards $. M. Platt a ajouté que la base de
données pourrait fournir une foule d'informations, des changements dans les populations de poissons
en passant par la mesure de l'acidité de l'océan dans une région donnée.
Trois jeunes sont tués
par un train
Les scientifiques feront pression auprès des ministres à l'occasion d'un sommet à Pékin, leur suggérant
la date limite de 2015 pour la mise en place du système. M. Platt a déclaré que des incidents tels les
récentes inondations au Pakistan et les feux de forêts en Russie sont liés aux océans et auraient pu
être prévus s'il y avait eu de tels systèmes en place dans l'eau et sur la terre.
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5. SCIENCE: Researchers press for more ways to measure changing
ocean chemistry (11/01/2010)
Lauren Morello, E&E reporter
An umbrella group representing ocean research institutions in 21 countries is pushing governments to improve their
monitoring of the world's seas.
"We're seeing unprecedented changes in the chemistry of the ocean, leading to issues such as ocean acidification,
and changes in sea level rise," said Tony Knap, president and director of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences.
"But we can only measure these changes in a few places over time, and we really need to expand that."
The United Nations is supervising the development
of a worldwide monitoring network, the Global
Ocean Observing System, but the oceanographic
institutions that comprise the Partnership for
Observation of Global Oceans say governments
should take more aggressive action to finish the
work.
They plan to take that message to the meeting of
the Group on Earth Observations, where
environment ministers from around the world will
gather to discuss the ongoing development of a
planetwide monitoring network, of which GOOS is
one component.
A moored platform with a suite of instruments to measure ocean
acidification and other changes was recently installed near Australia's
Great Barrier Reef. Photo courtesy of Bronte Tilbrook, CSIRO,
Australia.
"There have been conferences, strategic plans,
implementation plans, and many other things done
under U.N. auspices," Knap said. "Where the
problem always comes is where the rubber hits the
road, there is never any money to implement it."
He said it would cost $10 billion to $15 billion to put
in place enough monitoring floats, buoys, moorings
and other equipment, and another $5 billion per year to operate it.
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Científicos exigen la urgente creación de
red para controlar los océanos
31/10/2010 - 18:30
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Toronto (Canadá), 31 oct (EFE).- La creciente degradación de los océanos y los dramáticos efectos
que ésta representa para la vida humana exigen la creación de una red global de control oceánico,
aseguró hoy un grupo de científicos de 21 países.
"Nuestros océanos están infectados por el ser humano", dijo a Efe Tony Haymet, director del Instituto
Scripps de Oceanografía de la Universidad de California en San Diego (EE.UU.), al explicar la
necesidad de crear el Sistema de Observación Global Oceánico (SOGO).
Haymet dijo que la Asociación para la Observación de los Océanos (POGO por sus siglas en inglés),
formada por 38 de las principales instituciones oceanográficas del mundo existentes en 21 países,
demandará la creación de SOGO durante una reunión internacional que se celebrará del 3 al 5 de
noviembre en Pekín (China).
En la capital china, representantes de 71 países que integran el Grupo de Observaciones de la Tierra
discutirán la creación del llamado Sistema Global de Observación de la Tierra, que conectará los ya
existentes e implementará otros en materias sobre las que falta información.
El objetivo es completar para el 2015 el SOGO, que sería parte del Sistema Global de Observación
de la Tierra, con una inversión de entre 10.000 y 15.000 millones de dólares y unos costes anuales de
5.000 millones de dólares.
"La concentración en la atmósfera de dióxido de carbono ha aumentado un 39% en los últimos 150
años. Lo que significa que por cada 3 moléculas de CO2 que la naturaleza ha puesto nosotros hemos
añadido una" dijo Haymet.
"Menos conocido es que la concentración de CO2 en los océanos ha aumentado un 30% y eso tiene
un efecto tanto en la concentración de carbono como en la acidez de las aguas. En los últimos 150
años hemos cambiado profundamente la química de los océanos, un vasto sistema que cubre el 71%
de la Tierra", indicó.
"Y estamos muy preocupados que esos cambios químicos, al final y quizás muy pronto, causarán
profundos cambios en todos los seres vivos del océano" añadió el experto.
Los científicos señalan que el nivel medio del pH de los océanos ha caído a 8,1 unidades, el mayor
nivel de acidez de las aguas en los pasados 20 millones de años.
El británico Peter Burkill explicó que la acidificación de los océanos "podría tener un efecto devastador
sobre la calcificación de los organismos y quizás la totalidad del ecosistema marino".
Haymat y su colega Tony Knap, director del Instituto de Bermuda para la Ciencias Oceánicas,
explicaron que para ayudar a comprender esos cambios es necesaria "la urgente creación de Sistema
de Observación Global Oceánico. Hay muchas cosas que no conocemos".
El presidente de POGO, el doctor Kiyoshi Suyehiro, dijo a través de un comunicado que "aunque los
Gobiernos de EE.UU. y Europa han expresado recientemente apoyo, se necesita de forma
desesperada la cooperación para completar un sistema global de observación oceánica".
Haymet y Knap señalaron a Efe que parte de lo que será el futuro SOGO ya está en funcionamiento
pues se están observando los cambios en la acidez en la Gran Barrera de Coral y cambios físicos a
través de ARGO, una red de unos 3.000 robots que flotan a la deriva recogiendo datos como presión,
salinidad y temperatura de las aguas y cambios biológicos.
Pero los científicos explicaron que estos componentes "son sólo una fracción de lo que se necesita
para tener una perspectiva global y precisa de los fenómenos que suceden en los océanos".
Los beneficios de la creación de esta red serían la mejora de las previsiones meteorológicas que
mitigaría el daño causado por sequías, inundaciones o huracanes, identificación temprana de plagas,
detección de cambios en la distribución de la vida marina y reducción de la pérdida de biodiversidad
marina.
Empresas Hispanas USA
Noticias, Mercado Hispano USA Directorio Empresas, Negocios
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Scientists call for the urgent creation of
a network to monitor ocean
31/10/2010 - 18:30
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Toronto (Canada), 31 oct (EFE) .- The growing degradation of the oceans and the dramatic effects it
poses to human life require the creation of a global network of ocean monitoring, said today a group of
scientists from 21 countries.
"Our oceans are infected by human beings," he told Efe Tony Haymet, director of Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, University of California at San Diego (USA), explaining the need to create the Global
Ocean Observing System (SOGO).
Haymet said the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO for its acronym in English),
composed of 38 major oceanographic institutions in the world exist in 21 countries, creating SOGO
demand for an international meeting to be held from 3 to November 5 in Beijing (China).
In Beijing, representatives of 71 countries comprising the Group on Earth Observations will discuss
the creation of so-called Global System for Earth Observation, which will connect existing and
implement other in matters in missing information.
The goal is to complete by 2015, SOGO, which would be part of the Global System for Earth
Observation, with an investment of between 10,000 and 15,000 million dollars and annual costs of
5,000 million dollars.
"The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by 39% in the last 150 years. This
means that for every 3 molecules of CO2 that nature has made us have added a" Haymet said.
"Less well known is that the concentration of CO2 in the oceans has increased by 30% and that has
an effect on both the concentration of carbon as the acidity of the water. In the last 150 years have
profoundly changed the chemistry of the oceans, a vast system that covers 71% of the Earth, "he said.
"And we are very concerned that these chemical changes, the final and perhaps very soon, cause
profound changes in all living beings in the ocean," he added.
Scientists say that the average pH of the oceans has fallen to 8.1 units, the highest level of acidity of
the waters in the past 20 million years.
Briton Peter Burkill said that acidification of the oceans "could have a devastating effect on the
calcification of the bodies and perhaps the entire marine ecosystem."
Haymat and his colleague Tony Knap, director of the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Science, explained
that to help understand these changes is needed "urgent creation of Global Ocean Observing System.
There are many things we do not know."
POGO's president, Dr. Kiyoshi Suyehiro, said through a statement that "while U.S. and European
governments have recently expressed support for desperately needed cooperation to complete a
global ocean observing system."
Haymet and Knap Efe reported that part of what the future will be up and running SOGO as they are
observing the changes in acidity in the Great Barrier Reef and physical changes through ARGO, a
network of over 3,000 floating robots drifting collecting data such as pressure, temperature and salinity
of waters and biological changes.
But the scientists explained that these components "are just a fraction of what it takes to get an
accurate overall view of the phenomena that occur in the oceans."
The benefits of the creation of this network would improve weather forecasts to mitigate the damage
caused by droughts, floods or hurricanes, pest early identification, detection of changes in the
distribution of marine life and reduce the loss of marine biodiversity .
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Startseite > Nachrichten > Weitere Nachrichten > Nachricht
Globale Überwachung der Meere in
Vorbereitung
Autor: Pressetext (News) | 01.11.2010, 06:10 | 35 Aufrufe |
0 |
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der Ozeane, das auch die Frühwarnung bei Katastrophen verbessern soll. Am UNMinistertreffen, das ab Mittwoch in Peking stattfindet, werden sie auf dessen geplanter
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Chemie, Physik und Biologie der Ozeane
Das System funktioniert auf drei Ebenen, erklärt Jesse Ausubel, Mitbegründer der
Ozeanforscher-Gemeinschaft POGO http://www.ocean-partners.org, im pressetextInterview. "Zunächst beobachtet es die Meereschemie, zu der etwa Verschmutzung,
Sauerstoffniveaus und Versauerung zählen. Physische und geologische Messungen
können zweitens sowohl Geräusche als auch Gezeiten und Meeresspiegel messen, was
etwa plötzliche Energiewellen oder Bodendruck-Veränderungen vor einem Tsunami
sichtbar macht. Biologische Messungen zeigen schließlich den Wandel der
Meeresbewohner in Sachen Vielfalt, Verteilung, Biomasse und auch Funktion für das
Ökosystems bei veränderten Umweltbedingungen."
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Leben retten durch Früherkennung
Vorteile bringt die geplante Einrichtung viele. Verbessert werden etwa die
Wetterprognosen, dank derer man Extremereignisse wie Fluten, Trockenheiten, Stürme,
Zyklone, Hurrikane oder den Monsum schon im Voraus erkennt und in Folge
Vorkehrungen trifft. "Die Flut in Pakistan hätte viel weniger Leid hervorgerufen, hätte
man sie rechtzeitig vorhergesehen", so Ausubel. Doch auch das Ausmaß der BPÖlkatastrophe am Golf von Mexiko wäre dadurch rasch ersichtlich gewesen. Auch
Naturveränderungen wie Überdüngung und Algenblüte lassen sich so verfolgen. Ein
entscheidender Vorteil dürfte auch die bessere Frühwarnung bei Tsunamis sein.
Nutzen übersteigt Kosten bei weitem
Über einige hundert Meeresgrund-Sensoren verfügt das System bereits, das in der
Errichtung zehn bis 15 Mrd. Dollar und im Betrieb jährlich fünf Mrd. Dollar kosten wird.
"Die Technik selbst ist nicht teuer, doch die Ozeane groß, weshalb viele derartige
Stationen nötig sind. Zudem werden besonders in Entwicklungsländern Spezialisten
ausgebildet, die das System bedienen und die Daten weiterverarbeiten", erklärt POGODirektor Trevor Platt gegenüber pressetext. Besonders in der südlichen Halbkugel etwa im Indik, Pazifik und rund um die Pole sind die Ozeane noch kaum erforscht.
Die Vorteile des Systems übersteigen den Aufwand um ein Vielfaches, betonen die
Experten. "Direkter als sonst üblich profitiert hier die Gesellschaft direkt davon, dass die
Wissenschaft mit Instrumenten ausgestatte wird. Zudem beobachtet das System alle
Meere und kommt dabei allen Menschen im Norden und Süden gleichermaßen zugute",
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Better monitoring urged for ailing oceans by
2015
12:50pm GMT
By Alister Doyle, Environment Correspondent
OSLO (Reuters) - Ocean scientists urged governments on Sunday to invest billions of dollars by 2015 in a new system to
monitor the seas and give alerts of everything from tsunamis to acidification linked to climate change.
They said better oversight would have huge economic benefits, helping to understand the impact of over-fishing or shifts
in monsoons that can bring extreme weather such as the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
A scientific alliance, Oceans United, would present the plea to governments meeting in Beijing on November 3-5 for talks
about a goal set at a 2002 U.N. Earth Summit of setting up a new system to monitor the health of the planet.
"Most ocean experts believe the future ocean will be saltier, hotter, more acidic and less diverse," said Jesse Ausubel, a
founder of the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO), which leads the alliance and represents 38
major oceanographic institutions from 21 nations.
"It is past time to get serious about measuring what's happening to the seas around us," Ausubel said in a statement.
POGO said global ocean monitoring would cost $10 billion (6 billion pounds) to $15 billion to set up, with $5 billion in
annual operating costs.
Currently, one estimate is that between $1 and $3 billion are spent on monitoring the seas, said Tony Knap, director of the
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences and a leader of POGO.
Knap said new cash sounded a lot at a time of austerity cuts by many governments, but could help avert bigger losses.
JAPAN TSUNAMI
Off Japan, officials estimate an existing $100 million system of subsea cables to monitor earthquakes and tsunamis,
linked to an early warning system, will avert 7,500-10,000 of a projected 25,000 fatalities in the event of a huge subsea
earthquake.
"It sounds a lot to install $100 million of cables but in terms of prevention of loss of life it begins to look trivial," Knap said.
New cash would help expand many existing projects, such as satellite monitoring of ocean temperatures, tags on
dolphins, salmon or whales, or tsunami warning systems off some nations.
Ausubel told Reuters: "The Greeks 2,500 years ago realised that building lighthouses would have great benefits for
mariners. Over the centuries, governments have invested in buoys and aids for navigation.
"This is the 21st century version of that," said Ausubel, who is also a vice-president of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation in
the United States.
Among worrying signs, surface waters in the oceans have become 30 percent more acidic since 1800, a shift widely
blamed on increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from burning of fossil fuels.
That could make it harder for animals such as lobsters, crabs, shellfish, corals or plankton to build protective shells, and
would have knock-on effects on other marine life.
Scientists said it was hard to predict the effects of acidification. Colder water retains more carbon dioxide -- making the
Arctic most at risk. Warmer water in the tropics could mean less retention of carbon dioxide.
(Editing by Janet Lawrence)
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OSLO (Reuters) - Científicos expertos en océanos instaron el domingo a
los gobiernos a invertir miles de millones de dólares antes de 2015 en
un nuevo sistema para controlar los mares y dar avisos de cualquier
incidente, desde tsunamis hasta la acidificación vinculada al cambio
climático.
Según estos científicos, perfeccionar la vigilancia tendría enormes
beneficios económicos, al ayudar a comprender el impacto del exceso de
pesca o los cambios en monzones que pueden provocar condiciones
extremas como las inundaciones que tuvieron lugar en Pakistán en
2010.
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Una alianza científica denominada Oceans United presentará la petición a
los gobiernos en una conferencia en Pekín del 3 al 5 de noviembre,
donde se hablará sobre el objetivo fijado en 2002 en la Conferencia de
Medioambiente y Desarrollo de la ONU de configurar un nuevo sistema
que controle la salud del planeta.
"La mayoría de los expertos oceánicos creen que el futuro océano será
más salado, más caliente, más ácido y con menor variedad", dijo Jesse
Ausubel, fundador de la Alianza para la Observación de los Océanos
Mundiales (POGO), que lidera la coalición y representa a las 38
instituciones oceanográficas principales de 21 países.
"Ya es hora de tomarse en serio las medidas referentes a qué les está
ocurriendo a los mares que nos rodean", dijo Ausubel en un
comunicado.
POGO dijo que un mecanismo de supervisión de todos los océanos del
mundo supondría un gasto de entre 10.000 y 15.000 millones de dólares
(10.690 millones de euros), con 5.000 millones en gastos anuales de
funcionamiento.
Más dinero ayudaría a expandir muchos proyectos existentes, como
controlar por satélite las temperaturas de los océanos o etiquetar a
delfines, salmones o ballenas.
Entre los temas que más preocupan, se encuentra que las aguas
superficiales en los océanos, que se han convertido un 30 por ciento
más ácidas desde 1800, un cambio que se debe al incremento de
concentraciones de dióxido de carbono en la atmósfera procedente de la
quema de combustibles fósiles.
Los científicos dijeron que era difícil predecir los efectos de la
acidificación. El agua más fría retiene más dióxido de carbono, haciendo
que la mayor parte del Polo Norte esté en riesgo, mientras que el agua
más caliente en los trópicos supondría una menor retención.
© Thomson Reuters 2010 All rights reserved.
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Cientistas pedem investimentos para monitorar
mares
31/10/2010 16:59, Por Redação, com Reuters - de Oslo
Cientistas oceânicos exortaram os governos mundiais a investir em um novo sistema de monitoramento
dos mares que possa fornecer desde alertas sobre a ocorrência de tsunamis até acidentes ligados às
mudanças climáticas.
Cientistas querem mais investimentos para que
se possa haver mais precisão em alertas de
tsunamis, por exemplo
Segundo os cientistas, uma melhor supervisão traria enormes benefícios econômicos, ajudando a
entender o impacto da pesca excessiva ou de mudanças nas monções capazes de provocar fenômenos
climáticos extremos, como as inundações de 2010 no Paquistão.
A aliança científica Oceans United pretende formalizar o pedido de criação de um sistema de
monitoramento da saúde do planeta para os representantes governamentais que irão se encontrar em
Pequim entre os dias 3 e 5 de novembro para discutir metas traçadas em 2002, na Cúpula da Terra da
ONU.
- A maioria dos especialistas acredita que os oceanos ficarão mais salgados, mais quentes, mais ácidos e
menos diversificados -, disse Jesse Ausubel, um dos fundadores da Parceria para a Observação dos
Oceanos Globais (POGO, na sigla em inglês), que lidera a aliança e representa 38 das principais
instituições oceanográficas de 21 países.
A POGO afirma que a criação do sistema de monitoramento global dos oceanos custaria de 10 bilhões
de dólares a 15 bilhões, com 5 bilhões de dólares sendo de custos operacionais anuais.
Atualmente, estima-se que sejam gastos entre 1 bilhão e 3 bilhões de dólares em monitoramento
oceânico, disse Tony Knap, diretor do Instituto Bermuda de Ciências Oceânicas e líder do POGO.
Knap afirmou que a nova cifra pode parecer excessiva em um período de austeridade e de cortes por
parte de muitos governos, mas que o investimento impediria prejuízos ainda maiores.
As novas quantias investidas ajudariam a ampliar projetos já existentes, como o monitoramento via
satélite das temperaturas oceânicas, o uso de dispositivos capazes de rastrear golfinhos, salmões ou
baleias e avisos antitsunami na região costeira de diferentes países.
- Os gregos descobriram há 2.500 anos que construir faróis ofereceria grandes benefícios aos
marinheiros. Ao longo dos séculos, os governos vêm investindo em auxílios para a navegação. Esta
seria a versão do século 21 para isso -, disse Jesse Ausubel.
Entre os sinais preocupantes há o fato de que as águas superficiais dos oceanos se tornaram mais ácidas
em 30% desde 1800, mudança que é atribuída principalmente ao aumento das concentrações de dióxido
de carbono na atmosfera pela queima de combustíveis fósseis.
Isso pode tornar mais difícil para que animais como lagostas, caranguejos, moluscos, corais ou plâncton
construam escudos protetores e pode ter impacto sobre toda a vida marinha.
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Tags: cientistas, monitorar mares, pogo, tsunami
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