The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species

The CITES Identification Guide
to Falconry Species
The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species
Produced by the Wildlife Enforcement Directorate, Environment Canada
An initiative of Environment Canada
and
CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland, www.cites.org
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
CITES guide to falconry species [electronic resource] =
Guide d’identification CITES des espèces utilisées en fauconnerie.
Electronic monograph in PDF and HTML format.
Text in English and French.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-662-05870-0
Cat. no.: CW66-203/2-2008-PDF
1. Falcons – Identification.
2. Falconry – Handbooks, manuals, etc.
3. Endangered species – Handbooks, manuals, etc.
4. Wildlife conservation (International law).
I. Canada. Environment Canada
II. Title: Guide d’identification CITES des espèces utilisées en fauconnerie.
QL696.F34C57 2008
598.9’6
C2008-980246-2E
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2009.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Species represented in this guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to use this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Identification of wild caught and captive bred specimens . . . . . . . . . .
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accipiter spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco spp. Quick Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Species Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Juveniles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hybrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
i
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
1
2
12
14
17i
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INTRODUCTION
Species represented in this guide
Many species of falcons, hawks, and eagles are used in the sport of falconry.
The following falcon and hawk species have been included in this guide because
they are popular with falconers and, as a result, are common targets for poachers
and smugglers.
UÊ >˜˜iÀÊv>Vœ˜ÊFalco biarmicus (App. II)
UÊ ->ŽiÀÊv>Vœ˜ÊFalco cherrug (App. II)
UÊ >}}>ÀÊv>Vœ˜ÊFalco jugger (App. I)
UÊ >ÀL>ÀÞÊv>Vœ˜ÊFalco pelegrinoides (App. I)
UÊ *iÀi}Àˆ˜iÊv>Vœ˜ÊFalco peregrinus (App. I)
UÊ ÞÀv>Vœ˜ÊFalco rusticolus (App. I)
UÊ œÀ̅iÀ˜Ê}œÃ…>܎ÊAccipiter gentilis (App. II)
The Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus (App. II) has also been included in this guide
as it closely resembles many of the above-listed species of concern. This species
is common in falconry, but is not prominent in illegal international trade.
How to use this guide
The identification process begins with pages iv-v which will help you determine
whether your specimen is a member of the genus Falco (falcons) or the genus
Accipiter (hawks). The Accipiter page will direct you straight to photos of the
œÀ̅iÀ˜ÊœÃ…>܎]ÊAccipiter gentilis. The Falco page, however, will direct you
to a range of colour photographs of various falcons. Do not try to match your
specimen with one of these photos, but rather try to find similarities of colour
pattern. Juvenile and hybrid birds, which often are found in trade, can be more
challenging to identify, so ensure that you carefully compare your specimen
to all of the photographs. Once you have selected a photo that resembles your
specimen, follow the directions below that photo to find the correct species
page. In order to successfully identify your specimen, it is important that you
take your time comparing your specimen to the photographs. Key identification
features are indicated with red arrows. It is important to recognise that there
can be considerable variation in colour and pattern within a species, so although
you should compare your specimen carefully to the photographs, be aware that
the colours may not be an exact match. It is also important to consider the size
of the specimen when making your identification.
i
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INTRODUCTION
Identification of wild caught and captive bred specimens
In many jurisdictions, seamless bands are placed on the feet of falcon chicks to
identify captive-bred birds. The feet of falcon chicks grow rapidly, and within a
few days the foot will be large enough that these bands cannot be removed. The
use of these seamless bands is recognized as being an effective way of identifying
captive-bred birds.
Some jurisdictions permit the capture of wild adult birds for falconry, and these
birds may be laundered as captive bred. With proper training and a hood, wild
caught birds can become very comfortable with their handler within a week. A
bird’s temperament cannot be used as an indicator of origin.
Seamless bands (ruler cm)
ii
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INTRODUCTION
Terminology
BWÊrʜ`ÞÊ7iˆ}…Ì°Ê
TLÊrÊ/œÌ>Êi˜}̅°Êi>ÃÕÀi`ÊvÀœ“Ê̅iÊ̜«ÊœvÊ̅iʅi>`Ê̜Ê̅iÊ̈«ÊœvÊ̅iÊÌ>ˆ°
X = When found between two scientific names, “x” indicates a hybrid.
e.g., Falco rusticolus x Falco peregrinus is a hybrid of these two species.
Upper parts\Ê>VŽ]ÊÃV>«Õ>ÀÃ]ÊÀՓ«]ÊÌ>ˆ]ÊÕ««iÀÊÌ>ˆÊVœÛiÀÌÃÊ>˜`Ê܈˜}ÊVœÛiÀÌÃ]Ê
primaries and secondaries.
Lower parts\ÊÀi>ÃÌ]Ê>L`œ“i˜]Êv>˜Ž]Ê̅ˆ}…Ê>˜`Ê՘`iÀÊÌ>ˆÊVœÛiÀÌðÊ
Lesser wing coverts
Greater wing coverts
Ear coverts Crown
Nape
Cere
Back
Primary wing feathers
Neck
Chin
Cheek (with malar stripe)
Throat
Scapulars
Breast
Rump
Wing Coverts
Upper tail
coverts
Abdomen
Flank
Secondaries
Primaries
Tail
Thigh
Under tail
coverts
Upper parts
Tarsus
Lower parts
iii
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INTRODUCTION
Falco spp.
The most important feature for distinguishing a Falco spp. from other birds
of prey used in falconry is the eye colour. All Falco spp. commonly used in
falconry have irises that are dark brown to almost black.
UÊ -ˆâi\Ê/ÊÎx‡È{ÊV“]Ê7Êxää‡Ó£ääÊ}°
UÊ i“>iÃʅ>ÛiÊ̅iÊÃ>“iÊVœœÕÀˆ˜}Ê>Ãʓ>iÃʜÀÊ>ÀiÊψ}…̏ÞÊ`>ÀŽiÀ°Êi“>iÃÊV>˜Ê
be up to one third larger than males.
UÊ œ˜}]Ê«œˆ˜Ìi`Ê܈˜}ðÊ7…i˜Ê̅iÊ܈˜}ʈÃÊiÝÌi˜`i`]Ê̅iÊÃiVœ˜`Ê«Àˆ“>ÀÞÊvi>̅iÀ°Ê
is the longest. When folded, the tips of the wings are almost as long as the tail.
UÊ œÃÌÀˆÃÊ>ÀiÊÀœÕ˜`ÆÊ>ÊÌÕLiÀViʈÃÊ«ÀiÃi˜Ìʈ˜Ãˆ`iÊ̅iʘœÃÌÀˆ°Ê
≥
Not a Falco spp.
35-64 cm
Tips of wings do
not reach tip of tail
Tips of wings almost
as long as tail
Iris dark brown
to black
Cere grey or
blue-grey in juveniles
Small
scales
Round
nostril
with
tubercle
Sharp tomial
tooth
Malar strip
(sometimes absent)
Long
middle
toe
To Falco spp. Quick Key page
iv
1
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INTRODUCTION
Accipiter spp.
Accipiter spp. are also commonly used in falconry.
UÊ -ˆâi\Ê/Ê{n‡ÈnÊV“]Ê7Êx£Ç‡££ÇäÊ}°
UÊ -…œÀÌiÀÊ܈˜}ÃÊ̅>˜ÊFalco spp.
UÊ œÃÌÀˆÃÊ>ÀiʜÛ>ÊÅ>«i`]Ê>˜`ʏ>VŽÊ>ÊÌÕLiÀVi°Ê
UÊ /ˆ«ÃʜvÊ܈˜}ÃÊ`œÊ˜œÌÊÀi>V…Ê̈«ÊœvÊÌ>ˆ°Ê
UÊ ÀˆÃÊVœœÕÀʈÃÊ}œ`Ê̜ÊÀi`°
≥
Not an Accipiter spp.
48-68 cm
Tips of wings almost
as long as tail
Tips of wings do
not reach tip of tail
Iris gold to red
Large
scales
Oval
nostril
Rounded
tomial tooth
To Accipiter gentilis page
v
11
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INTRODUCTION
Symbols
Detain and refer to an expert
Male
i“>i
vi
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
FALCO SPP. QUICK KEY
UÊÀi``ˆÃ…‡LÀœÜ˜Ê…i>`
Uʘ>ÀÀœÜʓ>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«i
UÊ}ÀiÞÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ`>ÀŽÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ܈`iʓ>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«i
2
3
4
Uʏ>À}iÊv>Vœ˜Ê­/Ê{n‡ÈäÊV“®
UÊ`>ÀŽÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ]ʅi>`Ê
streaked with white
6
Uʏ>À}iÊv>Vœ˜Ê­/Ê{n‡ÈäÊV“®
UÊ«Ài`œ“ˆ˜>˜ÌÞÊ܅ˆÌi
7
8
UÊLÀœÜ˜ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊLÀœÜ˜Ê̜ʫ>iʏœÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
Uʏ>À}iÊv>Vœ˜Ê­/Ê{n‡ÈäÊV“®
UÊ«Ài`œ“ˆ˜>˜ÌÞÊ`>ÀŽÊÕ««iÀÊ
and lower parts
9
10
1
5
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco biarmicus – >˜˜iÀÊ>Vœ˜]Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊ
reddish-brown head
dark malar stripe
L>VŽÊLÕi‡}ÀiÞ]Ê
with light bars
Adult
barred tail
Size:Ê/ÊÎx‡xäÊV“Ê
Countries of import: U.K., U.S.A.
Ê
Ê
Countries of export/re-export:
7ʓ>iÊxää‡Èää g
7Êvi“>iÊÇä䇙ää g
Germany, European Union countries,
Guinea, Canada, U.K.
Subspecies: F. b. feldeggii, F. b. erlangeri,
F. b. tanypterus, F. b. abyssinicus,
F. b. biarmicus
Purpose: Majority commercial, also
Range:Ê œÀ̅ÊvÀˆV>Ê>˜`Ê̅iʈ``iÊ
Source: Majority captive bred, many wild
captive breeding programs and personal.
East, in stony semi-desert and desert.
caught as well.
ID:
UÊ Ài``ˆÃ…‡LÀœÜ˜Ê…i>`Ê­“>ÞÊLiʓˆÝi`Ê
with white)
UÊ L>ÀÀi`ÊÌ>ˆ
UÊ L>VŽÊLÕi‡}ÀiÞ]Ê܈̅ʅœÀˆâœ˜Ì>ÊÃÌÀˆ«iÃ
UÊ `>ÀŽÊ“>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«i
œÀʍÕÛi˜ˆiÃʜvÊ̅ˆÃÊëiVˆiÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12
Similar species: F. jugger, F. pelegrinoides
2
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco jugger – >}}iÀÊ>Vœ˜]Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊ
reddish-brown head
grey upper parts
light eyebrow
tail NOT
barred
Adult
Size:Ê/ÊÎx‡{ÈÊV“Ê
Trade: i}>Ê}œL>ÊÌÀ>`iʈÃÊVœ“«>À>̈ÛiÞÊ
Ê
small.
7ÊxÓx‡nxä g
Subspecies:
É
Countries of import: U.K., Canada,
Range: India and neighbouring countries.
European countries.
ID:
Countries of export/re-export:
UÊ Ài``ˆÃ…‡LÀœÜ˜Ê…i>`
UÊ Ì>ˆÊnot barred
UÊ }ÀiÞÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
Purpose: Commercial, personal captive
Similar species: F. biarmicus,
Source: Majority captive bred.
Germany, U.K., Switzerland.
breeding, unknown.
F. pelegrinoides
œÀʍÕÛi˜ˆiÃʜvÊ̅ˆÃÊëiVˆiÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12
3
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco peregrinus – Peregrine, Shaheen, Appendix I
dark cap
blue-grey back
wide malar
stripe
blue-grey
coloration on
lighter parts
Adult
Size:Ê/ÊÎ{‡xäÊV“Ê
Similar species: F. pelegrinoides
Ê
Ê
Trade: i}>Ê}œL>ÊÌÀ>`iʈ˜VÀi>Ãi`ʈ˜Ê
7ʓ>iÊxnä‡ÇÓä g (averageÊÈ£ä g)
7Êvi“>iÊnÈ䇣ä™ä g (averageʙ{ä g)
̅iÊ£™näÃ]Ê>˜`ʈÃÊÃ̈Ê…ˆ}…°Ê-V>˜`ˆ˜>ۈ>˜Ê
countries mainly trading eggs for captive
breeding programs, reintroduction and
scientific purposes.
Subspecies: F. p. anatum, F. p. tundrius,
F. p. pealei, F. p. cassini, F. p. japonensis,
F. p. fruitii, F. p. calidus, F. p. peregrinus,
F. p. brookei, F. p. madens, F. p. minor,
F. p. radama, F. p. peregrinator, F. p. ernesti,
F. p. nesiotes, F. p. macropus
Countries of import: Denmark, Germany,
Sweden, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.),
U.K., U.S.A.
Range: Global, except Antarctica.
Countries of export/re-export: Austria,
ID:
Canada, Denmark, Germany, Sweden.
UÊ L>VŽÊLÕi‡}ÀiÞ
UÊ `>ÀŽÊV>«Ê܈̅Ê܈`iʓ>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«i
UÊ œÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃʅ>ÛiÊ`>ÀŽÊ…œÀˆâœ˜Ì>ÊÃÌÀˆ«iÃÊ
on pale background
Purpose: Commercial, personal, captive
breeding, scientific, and undeclared.
Source: Majority captive bred.
œÀʍÕÛi˜ˆiÃʜvÊ̅ˆÃÊëiVˆiÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12
4
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco pelegrinoides – >ÀL>ÀÞÊ>Vœ˜]Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊ
dark cap
reddish-brown
on neck
back light
blue-grey
wide malar
stripe
yellowish
Adult
Size:Ê/Êη{{ÊV“Ê
Similar species: F. peregrinus, F. biarmicus,
Ê
Ê
F. jugger
7ʓ>iÊxää‡Èää g
7Êvi“>iÊÇä䇙ää g
Countries of import: Canada, Mexico,
Subspecies: F. p. babylonicus,
U.K. and U.S.A.
F. p. pelegrinoides
Countries of export/re-export: Austria,
Range:Ê œÀ̅ÊvÀˆV>Ê>˜`Ê̅iʈ``iÊ>ÃÌ]Ê
in stony semi-desert and desert.
>…À>ˆ˜]ÊiÀ“>˜Þ]Ê->Õ`ˆÊÀ>Lˆ>]Ê1°°°Ê
and U.S.A.
ID:
Purpose: Commercial, personal, captive
UÊ L>VŽÊlight blue-grey
UÊ Ài``ˆÃ…‡LÀœÜ˜Ê˜>«i
UÊ `>ÀŽÊV>«Ê܈̅Ê܈`iʓ>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«i
breeding programs and scientific.
Source: Majority captive bred.
Difference from F. peregrinus:
UÊ Lœ`ÞÊψ““iÀÊ
UÊ V…iÃÌÊ>˜`Ê>L`œ“i˜Êˆ}…ÌiÀÊ>˜`ÊÞiœÜˆÃ…
UÊ “>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«iʘœÌÊ>ÃÊ`>ÀŽÊ>ÃÊF. peregrinus
UÊ F. peregrinus with more contrast on chest
and abdomen
5
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco cherrug – ->ŽiÀÊ>Vœ˜]Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊ
head streaked with white
brown upper parts
white oval spots sometimes
forming bars on tail
Adult
Size:Ê/Ê{x‡xxÊV“Ê
Trade: i}>Ê}œL>ÊÌÀ>`iʈ˜VÀi>Ãi`ʈ˜Ê̅iÊ
Ê
Ê
£™näÃ]Ê«i>Žˆ˜}Ê̅iʏ>ÌiÊ£™™äð
7ʓ>iÊÇÎ䇙™ä g
7Êvi“>iʙÇ䇣Îää g
Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major
Subspecies: F. c. cherrug, F. c. milvipes,
F. c. coatsi, F. c. hendersoni
country of import. Qatar, Saudi Arabia
also significant.
Range: Asia and Africa.
Countries of export/re-export: Major
ID:
country of export is Pakistan, U.A.E. also
significant. European countries.
UÊ >À}iÊLˆÀ`
UÊ …i>`ÊÃÌÀi>Ži`Ê܈̅Ê܅ˆÌi
UÊ LÀœÜ˜ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ Ü…ˆÌiʜÛ>ÊëœÌÃÊܓï“iÃÊvœÀ“ˆ˜}Ê
bars on tail
Purpose: Majority are traded for
commercial purposes, also significant
trade for personal use.
Source: Main sources are captive bred
Similar species: F. rusticolus grey morph
and wild caught.
œÀʍÕÛi˜ˆiÃʜvÊ̅ˆÃÊëiVˆiÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12
6
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco rusticolus (grey morph) – Gyrfalcon, Appendix I
grey upper parts
pale lower
parts
Adult
Size:Ê/Ê{n‡ÈäÊV“Ê
Trade: i}>Ê}œL>ÊÌÀ>`iʈ˜ÊF. rusticolus
Ê
Ê
ˆ˜VÀi>Ãi`ʈ˜Ê̅iÊ£™™äÃ]Ê>˜`Ê>««i>ÀÃÊ̜ÊLiÊ
on the rise.
7ʓ>iʙȣ‡£ÎÓä g
7Êvi“>iÊ£ÓÈӇӣää g
Subspecies:
ÉÊ
Countries of import: U.A.E. is the
major importer, Qatar (primarily from
the U.K.), U.K., Germany and U.S.A.
Range: Arctic and subarctic regions of
ÕÀœ«i]ÊÈ>Ê>˜`Ê œÀ̅ʓiÀˆV>°
NOTE: This species has other colour
morphs. See pages 8 and 9 .
Countries of export/re-export: Canada,
ID:
Purpose: Commercial, personal.
UÊ }ÀiÞÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ «>iʏœÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ >À}iÃÌÊ>˜`ʅi>ۈiÃÌʜvÊ̅iÊv>Vœ˜Ã
Source: Main source on CITES permits
Germany, U.A.E., U.K. and U.S.A.
is listed as captive bred, but there are not
many captive breeding facilities.
Similar species: F. cherrug
Juveniles:
UÊ LÀœÜ˜ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ LÀœÜ˜Ê>˜`Ê܅ˆÌiʏœÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
œÀʈ˜vœÀ“>̈œ˜Êœ˜ÊÕÛi˜ˆiÃÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 13
7
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco rusticolus ­Ü…ˆÌiʓœÀ«…®Êq ÞÀv>Vœ˜]Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊ
head
predominantly white
malar stripe
thin or absent
upper parts
predominantly white
lower parts
predominantly white
Predominantly
white falcons
originating from
Siberia are highly
valued and often
smuggled.
Adult
Size: TL 48-60 cm
Trade: Legal global trade in F. rusticolus
BW male 961-1320 g
BW female 1262-2100 g
increased in the 1990s, and appears to be
on the rise.
Subspecies: N/A
Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major
Range: Arctic and subarctic regions of
ˆ“«œÀÌiÀ°Ê+>Ì>ÀÊ­«Àˆ“>ÀˆÞÊvÀœ“Ê̅iÊ1°°®]Ê
1°°]ÊiÀ“>˜ÞÊ>˜`Ê1°-°°Ê
Europe, Asia and North America.
Countries of export/re-export: Canada,
NOTE: This species has other colour
morphs. See pages 7 and 9 .
iÀ“>˜Þ]Ê1°°°]Ê1°°Ê>˜`Ê1°-°°
Purpose: Commercial, personal.
ID:
Source:Ê>ˆ˜ÊÜÕÀViʜ˜Ê
/-Ê«iÀ“ˆÌÃÊ
UÊ Õ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ«Ài`œ“ˆ˜>˜ÌÞÊ܅ˆÌi
UÊ œÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ>˜`ʅi>`Ê«Ài`œ“ˆ˜>˜ÌÞÊ
܅ˆÌi]Ê܈̅ÊܓiÊL>VŽÊ“>ÀŽˆ˜}ÃÊ
UÊ “>>ÀÊÃÌÀˆ«iʈÃÊÛiÀÞÊ̅ˆ˜ÊœÀʓˆÃȘ}Ê
ˆÃʏˆÃÌi`Ê>ÃÊV>«ÌˆÛiÊLÀi`]ÊLÕÌÊ̅iÀiÊ>ÀiʘœÌÊ
“>˜ÞÊV>«ÌˆÛiÊLÀii`ˆ˜}Êv>VˆˆÌˆið
Juveniles:ÊÕÛi˜ˆiÊ܅ˆÌiʓœÀ«…ÊF. rusticolus
…>ÃÊ܅ˆÌiÊÕ««iÀÊ>˜`ʏœÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌðÊ/…iÊViÀiÊ
>˜`ÊiÞiÊÀˆ˜}Ê>ÀiÊ}ÀiÞ°Êi}Ãʓ>ÞÊLiÊLÕi‡}ÀiÞÊ
܅i˜ÊÛiÀÞÊޜ՘}°ÊÊ
8
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco rusticolus (black morph) – Gyrfalcon, Appendix I
head and upper parts
predominantly brown
lower parts
brown
ID Note:
This is a juvenile colour
morph of F. rusticolus. After
>««ÀœÝˆ“>ÌiÞÊÓÊÞi>ÀÃ]Ê̅iÊ
dark plumage will be replaced
by typical adult, grey morph
«Õ“>}iÊ­«>}iÊÇ®°
Juvenile
Size:Ê/Ê{n‡ÈäÊV“Ê
Trade: i}>Ê}œL>ÊÌÀ>`iʈ˜ÊF. rusticolus
Ê
Ê
ˆ˜VÀi>Ãi`ʈ˜Ê̅iÊ£™™äÃ]Ê>˜`Ê>««i>ÀÃÊ̜ÊLiÊ
on the rise.
7ʓ>iʙȣ‡£ÎÓä g
7Êvi“>iÊ£ÓÈӇӣää g
Subspecies:
É
Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major
importer. Qatar (primarily from the U.K.),
U.K., Germany and U.S.A.
Range: Arctic and subarctic regions of
ÕÀœ«i]ÊÈ>Ê>˜`Ê œÀ̅ʓiÀˆV>°
Countries of export/re-export: Canada,
NOTE: This species has other colour
morphs. See pages 7 and 8 .
Germany, U.A.E., U.K. and U.S.A.
Purpose: Commercial, personal.
ID:
Source: Main source on CITES permits
UÊ >ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ>˜`Ê>Êœvʅi>`Ê
predominantly dark chocolate brown
UÊ œÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ`>ÀŽÊ
is listed as captive bred, but there are not
many captive breeding facilities.
Adults: Adults of this colour morph will
have typical adult grey morph plumage,
and yellow cere, eye-rings and legs.
9
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
Falco mexicanuss – *À>ˆÀˆi >Vœ˜] ««i˜`ˆÝ white behind eye
white stripe at nape
Adult
Size: / ÎLJ{Ç V“
Trade: Falco mexicanuss is not common in
Ê
illegal trade. Its plumage closely resembles
the juvenile plumage of many other
species.
7 xää‡Èää g
Subspecies:
É
Range: Western United States and
northern Mexico.
In order to distinguish adult F. mexicanus
from juveniles of other species, please
refer to page 13 .
ID:
UÊ Ü…ˆÌi Li…ˆ˜` ̅i iÞi
UÊ Ü…ˆÌi ÃÌÀˆ«i >Ì ˜>«i
UÊ `>ÀŽ >Ài>à ˆ˜ º>À“«ˆÌû
Similar species: juveniles of F. biarmicus,
F. jugger, F. cherrug.
10
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS
œÀ̅iÀ˜ÊœÃ…>܎]Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊ
Accipiter gentilis –
white
eyebrow
dark
patch
white
eyebrow
dark
patch
European variety
North American
variety
1
2
3
4
4 tail bars
Accipiter gentilis albidus
Accipiter gentilis
Size:Ê/Ê{n‡Èn°xÊV“Ê
Similar species: F. jugger, F. pelegrinoides
Ê
Ê
Trade: Commonly used in falconry in
7ʓ>iÊx£Ç‡££Çä g (averageÊÇÓä g)
7Êvi“>iÊnÓ䇣xä™ g (averageÊ££Îä g)
ÕÀœ«iÊ>˜`Ê œÀ̅ʓiÀˆV>]ÊLÕÌÊÀ>ÀiÞÊÕÃi`Ê
in the Middle East.
Subspecies: A. g. gentilis, A. g. arrigonii,
A. g. buteoides, A. g. albidus, A. g. schvedowi,
A. g. fujiyamae, A. g. atricapillus, A. g. laingi,
A. g. marginatus, A. g. apache
Juvenile:
UÊ LÀœÜ˜ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ
UÊ œÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊÀi``ˆÃ…ÊÞiœÜÊ>˜`ÊëœÌÌi`Ê
UÊ ÞiœÜʈÀˆÃÊ­V…ˆVŽÊLÕi‡}ÀiÞʈÀˆÃ®°Ê/…ˆÃʈÀˆÃÊ
will change to adult orange coloration
LÞÊ̅iÊ{̅ÊÞi>À°Ê
Range:ÊÕÀœ«i]Ê œÀ̅ʓiÀˆV>Ê>˜`Ê
northern Asia.
ID:
UÊ Ü…ˆÌiÊiÞiLÀœÜÊÃÌÀˆ«iÊ
UÊ `>ÀŽÊ«>ÌV…ÊiÝÌi˜`ˆ˜}ÊvÀœ“ÊiÞiÊ̜Êi>À
UÊ Õ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ}ÀiÞÊqÊvi“>iʓ>ÞÊLiÊLÀœÜ˜iÀ
UÊ œÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ«>iÊ܈̅Êvˆ˜iʅœÀˆâœ˜Ì>Ê
ÃÌÀˆ«iÃÊ­ÛiÀÞÊvˆ˜iʜ˜Ê °Ê“iÀˆV>˜ÊÛ>ÀˆiÌÞ®°
UÊ ˆÀˆÃʜÀ>˜}iÊ̜ÊÀi`ʭ̅iʜ`iÀÊ̅iÊLˆÀ`]Ê̅iÊ
redder the colour)
UÊ {Ê܈`iʅœÀˆâœ˜Ì>ÊÃÌÀˆ«iÃʜ˜ÊÌ>ˆÊ
œÀÊ}i˜iÀ>ÊAccipiter characteristics
see page v
11
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
JUVENILES
Juvenile Falco spp.
Falco biarmicus – juvenile
Falco peregrinus – juvenile
Falco jugger – juvenile
Falco cherrug – juvenile
12
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
JUVENILES
Juvenile Falco spp.
Given that many falcons, especially
juveniles, are similar in appearance, it is
possible that a high-value specimen might
be declared as some other species. Juveniles
can be very difficult to identify. If you are
unable to make an identification, be sure to
detain the specimen and refer to an expert.
Differentiation of juvenile Falco spp.
F. mexicanus
F. biarmicus
F. jugger
F. cherrug –
This species will be the largest.
A common trait in juveniles of the genus
Falco, is the blue-grey coloration of the ring
around the eyes, the cere and sometimes
the legs. In adults these features will be
yellowish.
They all have:
– brown upper parts
– pale under parts with varying degrees
of brown spotting or streaking
– white forehead
– white eyebrow stripe
– dark eye stripe and malar stripe
In many species, the juvenile will have
brown upper parts, and will have lower
parts that are darker and more heavily
marked than the adult.
F. rusticolus white morph – predominantly
white, with brown markings.
A mix of brown and grey plumage on the
upper parts may indicate that the specimen
is a juvenile in the process of replacing its
brown, juvenile feathers with grey, adult
feathers.
F. rusticolus black morph – refer to page
Similar Species: Adult F. mexicanus
are quite similar to the juveniles of
F. biarmicus, F jugger, and F. cherrug.
However, the adult can sometimes be
distinguished from these juveniles by the
presence of the yellow adult coloration
in the cere and the ring around the eye.
In the samples to the left note that Falco
biarmicus, F. peregrinus and F. jugger all
have more extensive brown coloration
on the lower parts than the adults of the
species. Falco cherrug ŜÜÃÊÞiœÜˆÃ…ÊviiÌÆÊ
however the eye area and cere are the bluegrey colour of a juvenile. Falco biarmicus
displays a yellowish colour on the eye area,
ViÀiÊ>˜`ʏi}ÃÆʅœÜiÛiÀ]Ê̅iʅi>ۈÞÊÃÌÀi>Ži`Ê
lower parts reveal it does not yet have its
adult plumage.
ID Note:
There is potential for juveniles of
Appendix I species to be declared as
Appendix II species or as adult Falco
mexicanus. Verify the colour of the cere
and eye ring of any juveniles. Refer to
an expert.
13
9
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
HYBRIDS
Falco spp. – Hybrids
1
2
Hybrid F. rusticolus x F. cherrug juvenile
Hybrid F. rusticolus (white morph)
x F. peregrinus
3
4
Hybrid F. rusticolus (grey morph)
x F. peregrinus
Hybrid F. rusticolus x F. pelegrinoides
14
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
HYBRIDS
Falco spp. – Hybrids
Hybrids may be mistaken for one parent
or the other, or may demonstrate a variety of blends of parental characteristics.
Hybrids may also be bred in genetic
“ˆÝÌÕÀiÃʜvÊx䯇xä¯]ÊÈÓ°x¯‡ÎÇ°x¯]Ê
Çx¯‡Óx¯]ʜÀʈ˜ÊVœ“Lˆ˜>̈œ˜ÃʜvʓœÀiÊ
than two species.
Example 1
This bird with its white head, chest and
legs indicates white F. rusticolusÊ}i˜iÃÆÊ
however, the dark, densely marked back
and the “caramel” markings seen on the
wings indicate F. cherrug genes.
Example 2
This bird displays the general colour
pattern of F. peregrinusÆʅœÜiÛiÀ]Ê̅iÊÛiÀÞÊ
thin malar stripe and the amount of white
on the head and neck indicates a cross
with F. rusticolus°ÊœÌ…ÊF. peregrinus and
F. rusticolusʅ>ÛiÊ>Ê܅ˆÌiÊV…iÃÌÆʅœÜiÛiÀ]Ê
the extent of the white in this hybrid
indicates the presence of F. rusticolus genes.
The creation of falcon hybrids using
artificial insemination to boost size,
strength and vigour is quite common.
ÞLÀˆ`ÃÊ>ÀiÊ՘«Ài`ˆVÌ>LÞÊÛ>Àˆ>LiÆÊ̅iÞÊ
may have any mixture of characteristics,
and the mix is not consistent – for
example, one F. rusticolus x F. peregrinus
can look very different from another.
When identifying hybrids it is best to
compare it to the parent (or grandparent)
species and then look to see if the bird has
some traits common to these species. In
“œÃÌÊV>ÃiÃʅÞLÀˆ`ÃÊ܈ÊLiÊ>Êxä‡xäʓˆÝ°
Example 3
At first glance this bird could be identified
as F. rusticolus with its brownish-grey
coloration and the markings on the lower
body. However, the suggestion of a thin
malar stripe, the light area around the neck,
and the light breast indicate F. peregrinus
genes. (As well the distinct “salmon”colour
in the light areas of the neck and breast are
distinctive to the subspecies F. peregrinus
anatum.)
A few tips can assist with the identification
of hybrids.
UÊ vÊ̅iÊLˆÀ`ʈÃʏ>À}iÊ­/Ê}Ài>ÌiÀÊ̅>˜Ê
xäÊV“®]ʈÌʏˆŽiÞʅ>ÃÊF. cherrug or
F. rusticolus genes.
Example 4
At first glance the bird has the general
characteristics of F. pelegrinoides. However,
if you refer to page 5 , you will notice
the predominant malar stripe is missing.
Crossing F. pelegrinoides with a white or
light F. rusticolus has reduced the malar
stripe trait considerably.
UÊ ÞLÀˆ`ÃʜvÊëiVˆiÃʜvÊ`ˆvviÀi˜ÌÊÈâiÃÊ
will usually result in a size between
̅iÊÌܜ°ÊœÀÊiÝ>“«i]Ê>ÊF. peregrinus x
F. rusticolus will almost always be larger
than F. peregrinus, and smaller than
F. rusticolus.
UÊ ÊF. rusticolus x F. pelegrinoides hybrid
VœÕ`Êi>ȏÞÊÜiˆ}…ÊÓää‡ÎääÊ}À>“ÃʓœÀiÊ
than a pure F. pelegrinoides male.
15
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
Falco mexicanus – *À>ˆÀˆiÊ>Vœ˜
Falco rusticolus – Gyrfalcon
Example of a falcon hood
Falco biarmicus – >˜˜iÀÊ>Vœ˜
16
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INDEX
Names
Scientific names
Page
Accipiter gentilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Ì>ˆÊ>Vœ˜. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Anatum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus anatum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Autour des palombes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Azor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Azor común . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>ÀL>ÀÞÊ>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duck Hawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eyass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco spp. (juvénile) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco gentilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco kreyenborgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco madens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco mexicanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
11
11
5
4
12
6
2
6
11
3
4
4
10
5
4
Falco peregrinus babylonicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
>ÕVœ˜Ê`iÊ>ÀL>Àˆi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>ÕVœ˜Ê`iÃÊ«À>ˆÀˆià . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>ÕVœ˜Ê}iÀv>ÕÌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>ÕVœ˜Ê>}}>À . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
>ÕVœ˜Ê>˜ˆiÀ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>ÕVœ˜Ê«miÀˆ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>ÕVœ˜ÊÃ>VÀi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gavilàn azor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gerfalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
7
10
7
3
2
4
6
11
7
Gerfaucon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gerfaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Goshawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Àii˜>˜`Ê>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
17
7
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INDEX
Names
Scientific names
Page
ÞÀÊ>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Gyrfalcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gyrkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Gyrperegrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus x Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gyrsaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus x Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gyrshaheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus x Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Habicht. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Halcón blancuzco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón borní. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón común . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>V˜Ê`iÊiÀLiÀˆ> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón de la praderas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Halcón gerifalte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón mejicano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón peregrino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>V˜Ê«iÀi}Àˆ˜œÊ`iÊ>Lˆœ˜ˆV> . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón pradeño . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
14
14
11
2
4
5
10
7
10
4
5
10
4
Halcón sacre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón viajero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halcón yággar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hurr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Hypotriorchis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vi>˜`Ê>Vœ˜. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jerfalcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jerkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus (mâle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
iˆ˜ÃV…“ˆ`̽ÃÊ>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus kreyenborgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>LÀ>`œÀÊ>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>}}>À . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>}}>Àv>Ži . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
>}}iÀ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>˜˜iÀ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>˜˜iÀÊv>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>˜˜iÀiÌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus (mâle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
>˜˜iÀv>Ži . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Õ}}iÀ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
18
4
3
7
7
7
7
7
3
3
2
2
2
3
THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES
INDEX
Names
Scientific names
Page
œÀ̅iÀ˜ÊœÃ…>܎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Peales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus pealei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Peals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus pealei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Peregrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*iÀi}Àˆ˜iÊ>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*À>ˆÀˆiÊ>Vœ˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Präiriefalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Red-naped Shaheen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shaheen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tercel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco spp. (mâle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wanderfalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Würgfalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
4
4
10
10
5
6
4
iv
7
4
6
Credits
The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species
An initiative of Environment Canada and the CITES Secretariat
Research, Concept and Production: John Sellar, CITES Secretariat, the CITES Enforcement
/>ÎʜÀVi]Ê>˜`ʈ˜`Ã>ÞÊ
œ«>˜`]Ê7ˆ`ˆviʘvœÀVi“i˜ÌʈÀiV̜À>Ìi]ʘۈÀœ˜“i˜ÌÊ
>˜>`>
Graphic Design and Illustration: Tamara Maliepaard
Published by Environment Canada
Photography Credits
All falcon photographs with the exception of those mentioned below were provided by:
Falcon Environmental Services Inc.
Óäqx™xʈ}}Ê,œ>`Ê
iÝ>˜`Àˆ>]Ê"˜Ì>ÀˆœÊä
棊
/i°\Êȣ·xÓx‡™™™nÊ
>Ý\ÊÊȣ·xÓx‡{ÓÎÎ
ˆ˜vœJv>Vœ˜°LâÊUÊÜÜÜ°v>Vœ˜°Lâ
œÛiÀ]Ê*iÀi}Àˆ˜iÊ>Vœ˜\ÊiœvvÊÕV…iÀ>]ʈÃ̜VŽ«…œÌœÃ°Vœ“
/ˆÌiÊ«>}i]Ê*iÀi}Àˆ˜iÊ>Vœ˜\ʜ…˜Ê*ˆV…iÀ]ʈÃ̜VŽ«…œÌœÃ°Vœ“
*>}iÊ£ä]Ê*À>ˆÀˆiÊ>Vœ˜\Ê7ˆˆ>“Ê-V…“œŽiÀ]ʅÌÌ«\ÉÉLÀ`«ˆVðLœ}ëœÌ°Vœ“
*>}iÊ£ä]Ê*À>ˆÀˆiÊ>Vœ˜Ê…i>`\ʈ˜`Ã>ÞÊ
œ«>˜`
*>}iÊ£È]Ê*À>ˆÀˆiÊ>Vœ˜\ʜÕ}Ê>VŽÕ˜`]ʅÌÌ«\ÉÉ܈`«…œÌœÃ«…œÌœ}À>«…Þ°Vœ“
*>}iÊ£È]ÊÞÀv>Vœ˜\ʘ}>ÊÀi˜˜>˜ÊqÊ*…œÌœ}À>«…ÞÊEÊiÈ}˜]ʈÃ̜VŽ«…œÌœÃ°Vœ“
*>}iÊ£È]ʜœ`\Ê/>˜Þ>Ê
Þ`i]ʈÃ̜VŽ«…œÌœÃ°Vœ“
*>}iÊ£È]Ê>˜˜iÀÊ>Vœ˜\ÊÀ>…>“ÊiÞܜœ`]ʈÃ̜VŽ«…œÌœÃ°Vœ“
Acknowledgements
Dr. Pepper W. Trail]ʜÀ˜ˆÌ…œœ}ˆÃÌ]Ê >̈œ˜>ÊˆÃ…Ê>˜`Ê7ˆ`ˆviʜÀi˜ÃˆVÃÊ>LœÀ>̜ÀÞÊ
­1°-°ÊˆÃ…Ê>˜`Ê7ˆ`ˆviÊ-iÀۈVi®
Dr. Margit Gabriele Muller]Ê>˜>}iÀ]ÊLÕʅ>LˆÊ>Vœ˜ÊœÃ«ˆÌ>
Mark Bell, Royal Ontario Museum
Steve Downing, Operation Artemis
Tyler Hoar