Hist 44 The Mexcian-American in United States History

Topics
• Review: PP3#
– Explain the Chavez Ravine Story
– How did the fight against communism influence
the outcome of the Chavez Ravine Story?
• Civil Rights Movement
– Chicano Movement
Chavez Ravine
• 1940s communities of
La Loma, Palo Verde,
and Bishop
• Housing Act of 1949
• 300 families evicted
• October 1957 city sells
Chavez Ravine to Walter
O’ Malley, Dodgers
• April 10, 1962 Dodgers
Stadium is opened
3 Generations in the early 20th century
• 1900-1929 Mexico-Lindo Generation
• 1930-1964 Mexican-American Generation
• 1965-1979 Chicano Generation
• A Suburban Nation
– The main engines of economic growth: residential
construction & spending on consumer goods.
– Home ownership came within reach of the majority of
Americans.
• Levittown
– California became the most prominent symbol of the
postwar suburban boom.
$7,990 or $60/month with $100 downpayment.
5
An aerial view of Westchester, a community
in Los Angeles
6
Ernst Haas’s 1969 photograph of Albuquerque,
New Mexico
7
The Culture of the
Car
First McDonald’s
(1955)
Drive-In
Movies
Howard
Johnson’s
8
Map 24.1 The Interstate Highway System
9
• The TV World
– TV avoided controversy and projected a bland
image of middle-class life.
10
Suburban Living:
The Typical TV Suburban
Families
The Donna
Reed Show
1958-1966
Leave It
to Beaver
1957-1963
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
JPnG1-CbkYM
Father Knows Best
1954-1958
The Ozzie & Harriet Show
1952-1966
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-qk4FMTkKo
Consumerism
The frozen TV dinner was introduced
and marketed in 1954.
• Women at Work and at Home
– Women were expected to get married, have kids,
and stay at home.
• Baby boom
13
• A Segregated Landscape
– The suburbs remained segregated communities.
– Suburban home ownership long remained a white entitlement.
– This restriction appeared in a deed of the Crawford Realty Company in the office
of the Register of Deeds for Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio.
14
Rock-and-Roll (1950s)
• Origins in rhythm & blues, country, & Jazz
• Elvis Presley
– Heartbreak Hotel 1956
• Masking MexicanAmerican Identities
•
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/#/en/wat/03/02
1
5
• Origins of the Movement
– In the 1950s the United States was still a
segregated and unequal society.
A segregated school
in West Memphis
7
Segregated Schools
• Mendez v. Westminster School District 1946
• The Legal Assault on Segregation
– legal challenges to the “Separate but Equal” in
• 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson.
– Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
• Segregated schools violated the equal protections of
• the law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment
9
• The Montgomery Bus Boycott
– Brown ensured that it would have the backing of
the federal courts.
• Rosa Parks
• Bus boycott
10
3 Generations in the early 20th century
• 1900-1929 Mexico-Lindo Generation
• 1930-1964 Mexican-American Generation
• 1965-1979 Chicano Generation
Indigenous
Spanish
Who Is a Chicano?
• A Chicano is a MexicanAmerican with a non-Anglo
image of himself
• Ruben Salazar
Yo Soy Joaquín 1967
• La raza!
Méjicano!
Español!
Latino!
Chicano!
Or whatever I call myself,
I look the same
I feel the same
I cry
And
Sing the same.
I am the masses of my people
and
I refuse to be absorbed.
1975 “Read Between the Lines”
David Botello
Chicano Movement 1965-1974
1. Farm Workers
2. Land
3. Urban
4. Students