Dem Bones

Key Question
What are the major bones
in the human body, and
how do they fit together?
Learning Goals
Students will:
• learn about the skeletal system and the
major bones of the human body,
• cut out and assemble bones to make a
model human skeleton, and
• label some of the bones.
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ot every bone is exactly the same,
but most have the same layers. The
outside layer is called the periosteum.
It contains nerves and blood vessels.
Under that is a layer of hard bone (also
called cortical bone). This is what you
see when you look at a skeleton.
he appendicular skeleton is made up
of the arm and leg bones, the shoulder
blades and
clavicle, and
the pelvis.
T
N
U
se the diagram
of the skeletal
system to learn
the names of
some of the major
bones in the
body and their
locations.
Y
our skeletal
system is made up of all the bones in
your body. These bones give your body
its shape—they are its framework. They
also protect your
internal organs,
store calcium
and other
minerals,
and produce
blood cells.
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our bones come in different shapes
and sizes. Scientists classify them into
five types—long, short, flat, irregular, and
sesamoid. Long bones, like the bones
in your arms and legs, help you move.
Flat bones, like the bones
in your skull,
help protect
your organs.
hen you are born, you have about 300
bones. As you grow, some of these bones
fuse together. By
the time you are
an adult and have
stopped growing,
you will only have
206 bones.
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Y
Y
B
our skeletal system is divided into
two parts. One part is called the axial
skeleton. The other part is called the
appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton
is made up of the skull, the spine, the rib
cage, and the sternum.
eneath the hard bone is spongy bone
(also called cancellous bone). It is very
strong, but not as hard as the cortical
bone layer. In the very
center of some bones
is the bone marrow.
This is where blood
cells are made.
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Skull
Clavicle
Spinal column
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Ribs
Ulna
Radius
Pelvis
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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C T I NG
Connecting Learning
LEA
RN
I NG
1. What is the purpose of the
skeletal system?
2. How many bones would you guess
are in your body right now? Justify
your response.
3. Where is your femur? …your
radius? …your pelvis? …your
clavicle? …etc.
4. How does your skeleton model
compare to an actual skeleton?
5. What are you wondering now?
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