Development of University Ground Station for Nano Satellite Operation

5th Nano Satellite Symposium
held at University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, on Nov. 20‐22, 2013
Development of University Ground Station for Nano Satellite Operation
for Nano
Satellite Operation
Shigeru Aso1, Kiyotaka Fujisaki2, Hiroshi Hirayama1, Kazuhiko Morisita1, Tsutomu Tokifuji3, Naomi Kurahara4 and Yoshihiro Tsuruda4
1 Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan
1
Dept of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kyushu University Japan
2 Dept. of Advanced Information Technology, Kyushu University, Japan
3 Micro Lab Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
,
, p
4 Nano Satellite Center, University of Tokyo, Japan
1
SA1
Contents
•
•
•
•
Background
B
k
d
Nano‐satellite Operation
Development Concept
Kyushu University Ground Station
–
–
–
–
Location
Antenna Facility
P f
Performance Test Results
T R l
System Diagram
• TERRA and AQUA signal experiments
TERRA d AQUA i l
i
t
• Conclusions
2
スライド 2
SA1
Shigeru ASO, 2012/09/30
Coming nano‐satellites in Japan
Hodoyoshi‐3
STARS Ⅱ／香川大学
STARS‐Ⅱ／香川大学
テザー衛星 寸法 質量
Chubusat‐1
QSAT EOS
QSAT‐EOS
微生物観察衛星 TeikyoSat‐3／帝京
大学
微小重力環境と宇宙放射線が粘菌
に与える影響観察
可視光通信実験衛星／国立大
学法人 信州大学
衛星地上間の双方向可視光通
信実験
Hodoyoshi‐2
KSAT2／鹿児島大学
大気水蒸気の独創的観測
Hodoyoshi‐1
芸術衛星 INVADER／多
摩美術大学
衛星データ（テレメトリ）
の芸術利用
Hodoyoshi‐4
OPUSAT／大阪府立大学
リチウムイオンキャパシタの
宇宙実証など
TSUBAME
Early 2014
Dnepr
ITF‐1／筑波大学
小型衛星を利用したネット
ワークの構築
Feb. 2014
H‐IIA
3
Proposed Small Satellite R&D for MEXT Objectives:
1)) Development
p
of Universal Bus System
y
for Small Satellite
2) Development of Small Satellite for Earth Observation
①mass: 50kg
②size:0.5m cubic
③life span: 2 years ④altitude: H=650km(Sun
synchronous Orbit)
<advanced BUS subsystem>
ＱＳＡＴ－ＥＯＳ
g
→High resolution CMOS‐camera for earth observation with 5m resolution →Star sensor and reaction wheel for high quality attitude control system
→High speed data transfer with Ku band
→High speed data transfer with Ku‐band
4
5
How to manage much data from Hodoyoshi-1,2,3,4
・ high efficiency of wide observation from space
・ quasi-steady real time information gathering due to constellation
• Data process system for safety of
High spatial resolution and
the people and preservation of
M lti
Multispectral
t l Camera
C
system
t
national properties
1) Alert for land slip due to climate
disaster
Universities
2) Observation of plants, crops and
University
sea food
Local governments
Ground
→ efficient managements
Regional companies
Station
→ senior workers
Earth
E
th
observa
tion
data
GIS
engine
internet
GIS
server
DBMS
6
In 2004, 10 universities and colleges started ,
g
the Ground Station Network Project Japan (GSNPJ) in University Space Engineering Consortium (UNISEC)
So far, technology demonstration mission
Amateur Radio (VHF/UHF: ~9.6 kbps in maximum) Recently, some advanced missions by using nano‐satellites
e.g., 5 to 10 meter spatial resolution of Earth ground imaging Those advanced missions often require much higher data rate
mission data downlink: from 10Mbps to 100 Mbps
“GHz‐band Ground Station (S, X, Ku‐band) is needed in U i
University Ground Station Network
it G
d St ti N t
k
7
Ground System Category
Ground System Category
S
Segment
Node
d
Function
i
Ground Segment
Ground Station
Antenna and Pointing
RF / Modulation / Demodulation
RF / Modulation / Demodulation
Base‐band Processing
Satellite Operation Center
Operation Planning
Telemetry / Command Processing
Orbit Analysis
Mission Data Center
Primary Processing
Data Storage
Data Distribution
Data Distribution
Service Segment
Service Center
User Segment
User
8
Characteristics of amateur VHF/UHF and GHz‐band Antenna
Tracking
Performance
Number of
Available
References
Cost
Typical University
ground Station for
amateur VHF/UHF
Yagi-Antenna
Not so large
g
Ease to handle
Pointing Accuracy
is not so severe
about 1 - 5 deg
Ground Station
for “GHz-band”
(S, X, Ku-band)
Parabola Antenna
Large
g and Complicated
p
Precise Pointing control
is required
Accuracy: 0.01 - 0.1 deg
Relatively popular for Many products for
nano-satellites operation
conventional satellites
like CubeSat
Not so many examples for
(no business use)
university nano-satellite
(business use can be
p
possible)
)
Low-cost
Relatively expensive
9
Strategy for Ground Station Development
Strategy for Ground Station Development • Conditions and Constraints
C diti
dC t i t
– In University Environment (Operation and Maintenance by Students)
– Cost‐effective Development (Antenna and Operator Interface)
p
(
p
)
– For S‐band Telemetry/Command and X‐band Mission Data Downlink
• Concept
– Taking advantages of commercial products for conventional satellite ki
d
f
i l
d
f
i
l
lli
operation
– Reducing the number of hardware elements and interfaces
– Taking advantages of software functions
– Taking advantages of the universal interface of components (e.g., LAN (Local Area Network) based on Ethernet and TCP/IP)
(e.g., LAN (Local Area Network) based on Ethernet and TCP/IP)
10
Location ( Ito campus, Kyushu University)
Address
Ito Campus, 744, Motooka,
Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Latitude
N 33.59879 deg
Longitude
E 130.21204 deg
Altit d
Altitude
79 m
Taiki cho, Hokkaido
cho Hokkaido
Kyushu University
Antenna & Control Room
Campus Building
Dept. of Aero. And Astro.
p
Kyushu University Ito Campus, Fukuoka, Japan
Hodoyoshi/UNIFORM Program Ground Stations
11
SSatellite t llit
communication station
12
13
Antenna Overview
Antenna Overview
Antenna No.1 for C‐band, X‐band (~40Mbps)
,
(
p)
Cassegrain type
parabola antenna
Diameter：2.4m
Antenna No.2 for S‐band (~100kbps)
(
p)
Center‐feed type mesh parabola antenna
Diameter：2.4m
14
Skyline data of KUGS 15
Specifications of satellite tracking system
Specifications of satellite tracking system
Total Mass
A
Antenna Aperture A
Diameter
Antenna F / D Ratio
Antenna Control
Method
~ 900 kg
2.4 m
0.31
2-axis Control
Azimuth & Elevation
C
Control Range
lR
Azimuth: -270
270 to + 270 deg
Elevation: +5 to +95 deg
Control Unit Angle
0.01125 deg per 1-pulse
of Servomotor Control
(= 90deg / 8000 pulse)
Tracking Speed
Tracking Speed
Survival Wind Speed
Electrical Power
Control
Nominal: 18.8 deg/sec
M
Max.:
33 3 deg/sec
33.3
d /
60 m/s
AC 200V, 5A
Ethernet, 100 Base-T
Elevation
Axis
Azimuth
Axis
16
Examples of Performance Test
Examples of Performance Test
Test #1 Antenna Peak Gain : SG + Reference Horn Antenna
#1
A t
P k G i SG R f
H
A t
#2 System Noise Temperature：R‐SKY (ROOM‐SKY) Method
#3 Beam Width：Sun Noise Observation
#4 Cross Polarization : SG + Reference Horn Antenna
#4 Cross Polarization : SG + Reference Horn Antenna
Conditions
Results
Target
KUGS2.4 No.1
X‐band feedhorn
Frequency
X‐band: 8.25 GHz
Antenna Peak Gain
45 dB
Beam Width
±0.7 deg
System Noise
Temperature
326 1 K
326.1
Cross Polarization Characteristics
Tx:R – Rx: L, 20.1 dB
Tx:L – Rx: R,
R 19.2
19 2 dB
17
Baseline Concept of Ground Station of Kyushu University S stem Dia ram (1)：Outside Facilities
System Diagram
(1) O tside Fa ilities
Target
g
Satellite
Signal
Antenna
Facilityy
Antenna
Tracking
Safety
Safety System
Φ2.4m Parabola Antenna
Tracking Mechanism
Az/El
Control
Feed
Spotlight
Az/El
Monitor
Wind & Weather
Monitor
Antenna Base
Duplexer
To Control Room
80m Duct
Controller
Electronics
LNA
SSPA
Down
Converter
Up
Converter
Coaxial
Cable
Downlink
Signal
Coaxial
Cable
Uplink
Signal
Web
Camera
LAN
TCP/IP
LAN Hub
Power Hub
Power
AC100V
AC200V
Control
* At Simplex
Operation
LAN
Temperature
& Humidity
Monitor
Control
18
Baseline Concept of Ground Station of Kyushu University S t
System Diagram
Di
(2) R
(2)：Room Inside Facilities
I id F iliti
Control Room
Downlink
Signal
From Antenna
Control
Monitor
Uplink
Signal
80m Duct
Control Room
Moderator
Demodulator
Baseband
Processing
GPS
Receiver
Web
Web Camera
Reference
Signal
Generator
LAN
UPS
Demodulator
LAN
TCP/IP
LAN
TCP/IP
Spectrum
Analyzer
Power Supply
Power
Supply
AC100V
Moderator
LAN
TCP/IP
Telemetry
Analyzer
Command
Generator
LAN
Controller
Antenna
Control PC
Control
PC
Campus
Infrastructure
Server PC
LAN
TCP/IP
Data Strage
(NAS)
LAN Rooter
TCP/IP
GUI
RF Data
For Checkout
Validation
Orbit Estimation
GUI
GUI
GUI
Telemetry
Command
Control & Monitor
Local Operator
Local Operator
Inter et
Remote User
Operator Interface
19
Network Camera for Remote Monitoring
Network Camera for Remote Monitoring
Camera for Remote Monitoring
http://kugs‐cam1.aero.kyushu‐u.ac.jp
ID: Pass: 20
Network Camera Image
Network Camera Image
21
Signal receiving experiments of X Si
l
i i
i
t fX
band from AQUA and TERRA
band from AQUA and TERRA
Frequency of X‐band of AQUA is 8.160 GHz q
y
Frequency of X‐band of TERRA q
y
is 8.2125 GHz.
22
Concept of Ground Station of Kyushu University (X Band)
Concept of Ground Station of Kyushu University (X‐Band) 60m duct
2.4m antenn
a
X‐band horn
X‐band
LNA
X‐band
2nd D/C
X‐band
D/C
Sig‐nal
line
Tracking system
of
2.4m antenna
Control room
Control
Line
Spectrum analyzer
PC for
PC
for
Spectrum analyzer
X‐band
receiver
PC for
PC
for
Data
mission
PC for
control of antenna
23
TERA(+10deg)
TERA(+55deg)
(
)
TERA(-50deg)
24
AQUA(+20deg)
AQUA(+45deg)
AQUA(-40deg)
25
26
27
Strategy for Kyushu University Ground Station
☆ Training of young professionals
→ Including
I l di ddevelopment
l
off nano-satellite
lli QSAT
QSAT-EOS,
EOS
young engineers and graduate/undergraduate students
have grown up.
→ In our Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
K h University
Kyushu
U i
i new education
d
i system stimulating
i l i
graduate students for developments of nano satellite
andd groundd station
i using
i networkk system
28
Conclusions
• In this project, we focus on the cost‐effective development p j ,
p
of new ground station for nano‐satellite operation. Because current and future advanced University satellite missions need high efficient and fast telecommunications such as GHz‐band (S‐band to X‐band).
• In the present study high efficient and fast t l
telecommunication ground station of S‐band and X‐band i ti
d t ti
fS b d dX b d
by using two parabola antennas is installed based on the cost‐effective
cost
effective concepts. The ground station has succeeded concepts The ground station has succeeded
to receive signals of X band from AQUA and TERRA. Both results show fairly good SN ratio ( ratio of signal to noise ) at any antenna angle.
Acknowledgements
• The present study is granted by the Japan h
d i
db h
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the “Funding Program for World‐
Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program),” initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) • Professor Shinichi Nakasuka, University of Professor Shinichi Nakasuka, University of
Tokyo with excellent leadership.
30
Thank you for your kind attention
Thank you for your kind attention
Please see also the poster No.23
“Performance Evaluation of Ground Station
in Kyushu University”
in Kyushu University
31
•
Operation Example: UNITEC‐1 Experiment
UNITEC‐1 (UNIsec Technology Experiment Carrier‐1)
– LLaunched and injected into Venus transfer trajectory on May 21, 2010
h d di j t di t V
t
f t j t
M 21 2010
– Downlink Signal: Amateur C‐band (5.8GHz) CW or FSK 1200bps
– On First day(May 21) and Second day (May 22) of the experiment, we received the signal during the expected time based on the on‐board i d th i l d i th
t d ti
b d
th
b d
operation cycle of UNITEC‐1
– However, unfortunately, we were not able to identify the received signal as the downlink from UNITEC‐1 by using the prepared analysis tool
the downlink from UNITEC‐1 by using the prepared analysis tool
32
Lessons Learned from UNITEC‐1
Experiment
• Multiple tools or functions for data analysis M lti l t l
f ti
f d t
l i
– We prepared a single tool to analyze received signal. – In the case of unexpected result or trouble, various In the case of unexpected result or trouble various
analysis tools should be prepared. • Pre‐flight end‐to‐end test
– We were not able to conduct the end‐to‐end test between the telecommunications unit of UNITEC‐1 and KUGS2.4 facilities. facilities.
– If EM unit of UNITEC‐1 was available, we should have confirmed the data link in the expected flight conditions. – Furthermore, we should have identified the failure mode F th
h ld h
id tifi d th f il
d
of data receiving operation before UNITEC‐1 launch as much as possible. 33