fosas oceanicas

Transcription

fosas oceanicas
Centro de Transferencia de Tecnología en Transportación
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura
UPR-­‐Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez
Call Box 9000 * Mayagüez, PR 00681
Tel. 787-­‐834-­‐6385 * Fax: 787-­‐265-­‐5695 * www.uprm.edu/prt2
29 Años de Excelencia en el Adiestramiento de O ficiales de Transportación a Nivel Municipal, Estatal, y Federal en Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes
Instructores
Dr. Ricardo R. López Rodríguez
Dr. José A. Martínez Cruzado Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura
UPR – Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez
10 de diciembre de 2015
EFECTOS DE TERREMOTOS EN LA
INFRAESTRUCTURA DE VIVIENDA Y TRANSPORTE
Jueves 10 de diciembre de 2015
José A. Martínez Cruzado, PhD
Ricardo R. López Rodriguez, PhD
Repasar las fallas sísmicas que existen
alrededor de Puerto Rico
2. Estado del arte del conocimiento de las
fallas sísmicas DENTRO de Puerto Rico
3. Aprender sobre el procedimiento para el
desarrollo de un mapa de peligrosidad
sísmica
1.
Hace 200 millones de años todos los continentes
estaban juntos y formaban un solo SUPERCONTINENTE llamado Pangea
10 de diciembre de 2015
Continental
Drift
Progressive breakup
of Pangaea into
modern-day
continents
Similar process to
sea ice break-up
Efectos de los Terremotos T2 Mayaguez PR
5
Las celdas de convección en el manto generan el
movimiento de las placas tectónicas
Las placas se separan en las cordilleras oceánicas,
Descienden en fosas oceánicas/zonas de subducción
Cordillera
Litosfera
Fosa
Fosa
Manto
700 Km
Núcleo
Externo
Núcleo
Interno
USGS - http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Distribución de Placas Tectónicas
Caribbean Plate
From Paul Mann and others, 2005
Present Day
00.0 Ma
Late Oligocene
24.0 Ma
Early Miocene
23.5 Ma
Early Miocene
23.0 Ma
Early Miocene
22.5 Ma
Early Miocene
22.0 Ma
Early Miocene
21.5 Ma
Early Miocene
21.0 Ma
Early Miocene
20.5 Ma
Early Miocene
20.0 Ma
Early Miocene
19.5 Ma
Early Miocene
19.0 Ma
Early Miocene
18.5 Ma
Early Miocene
18.0 Ma
Early Miocene
17.5 Ma
Early Miocene
17.0 Ma
Early Miocene
16.5 Ma
Middle Miocene
16.0 Ma
Middle Miocene
15.5 Ma
Middle Miocene
15.0 Ma
Middle Miocene
14.5 Ma
Middle Miocene
14.0 Ma
Middle Miocene
13.5 Ma
Middle Miocene
13.0 Ma
Middle Miocene
12.5 Ma
Middle Miocene
12.0 Ma
Middle Miocene
11.5 Ma
Late Miocene
11.0 Ma
Late Miocene
10.5 Ma
Late Miocene
10.0 Ma
Late Miocene
09.5 Ma
Late Miocene
09.0 Ma
Late Miocene
08.5 Ma
Late Miocene
08.0 Ma
Late Miocene
07.5 Ma
Late Miocene
07.0 Ma
Late Miocene
06.5 Ma
Late Miocene
06.0 Ma
Late Miocene
05.5 Ma
Early Pliocene
05.0 Ma
Early Pliocene
04.5 Ma
Early Pliocene
04.0 Ma
Late Pliocene
03.5 Ma
Late Pliocene
03.0 Ma
Late Pliocene
02.5 Ma
Late Pliocene
02.0 Ma
Pleistocene
01.5 Ma
Pleistocene
01.0 Ma
Pleistocene
00.5 Ma
Present Day
00.0 Ma
Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands Tectonic Scenario
Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands Tectonic Scenario
Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands Tectonic Scenario
Review of existing maps and reports –
Location where evidence of active
faulting has been reported
Trincheras en la Falla de Salinas
Trinchera #3,
Juana Diaz
Trinchera #3,
Juana Diaz
Trinchera #1,
Salinas
Review of existing maps and reports –
Location where evidence of active
faulting has been reported
Seismic Faults in the Puerto Rico Region
Mapa de Amenaza Sísmica
USGS 2003
Terremotos Históricos
Significativos
Seismic Hazard Map

Definition: In general, this is a map that
present the expected peak ground
acceleration at a particular rock site for a
certain recurrence.
Seismic Hazard Maps: Procedure


To identify seismic faults that could cause produce
damaging earthquakes at the interested site.
For each seismic fault:
 Determine its location & maximum focal depth
 Determine the Maximum Credible Earthquake
 Determine the Seismic Source Mechanism
 Draw a plot of EQ Recurrence vs Magnitude
 Establish an Attenuation Law
Procedure (continued)





Select an interest range of recurrence
For each recurrence determine the magnitude of
the EQ
With the Magnitude, the distance to the seismic
source, and using the attenuating law determine
the peak ground acceleration at rock site
Draw the seismic hazard map for each seismic
source
Add them up
Magnitude vs Rupture Length
Maximum Credible Earthquakes
Seismic Year Last
M
MCE
Source
Big EQ
PR Trench
1787,
7-8, 7.5 8.2
1943
Anegada
1867
7.3
7.5
Max FD,
km
150
30
Mona
1918
7.3
7.5
200
Muertos
---
---
7.5
50
Inland
---
---
7.0
40
Epicenter of Earthquakes
in the PR Region - 2005
Sismos en el año 2005- 1,085
Gutenberg – Richter Relationship
Attenuation Law Equation
(Donovan, 1973)

0.5 M L
1080e
PGA 
1.32
R  25
PGA in cm/sec2
 R = Epicentral Distance in km
 ML = Local Magnitude

Attenuation Law Plot
Recurrences Usually Used
#
 1
Pexc  1  1  
 R
1.
y
Probability of
Exceedance
2%
Num. of Recurrence
Years
50
2,475 y
2.
5%
50
975 y
3.
10%
50
475 y
4.
50%
50
72 y
Fig. #4. PGA with 2% probability of exceedance
in 50 years from all modeled sources.
PR SEISMIC HAZARD MAP
Fig. #7. PGA with 10% probability of exceedance in
50 years from all modeled sources.
PR SEISMIC HAZARD MAP
PGA Hazard Curves for San Juan
Recurrence for Insurance Agencies
#
1.
Probability of
Exceedance
2%
2.
3.
4.
5.
5%
10%
18.2%
50%
Num. of Recurrence
Years
50
2,475 y
50
50
50
50
975 y
475 y
250 y
72 y
PGA Hazard Curves for Ponce
PGA at Rock Sites
#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
City
PGA (250 years)
Arecibo
0.19g
Caguas
0.14g
Humacao
0.12g
Mayagüez
0.20g
Ponce
0.15g
San Juan
0.18g
¿Preguntas?