published by Gustavo Gili Editorial - Barcelona

Transcription

1
airports
Paris Charles-de-Gaulle
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Frankfurt Airport
Zurich Airport Unique
Canton of Zurich
Airport Regions Conference
strategic planning
urban design
architecture
events / installations
Güller Güller architecture urbanism Rotterdam.Zürich - www.ggau.net
published by
Gustavo Gili Editorial - Barcelona
Lisbon Airport City – 20. June 2008
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Lisbon – 20.6.2008
Lisbon Airport City
the role of airports in the development of cities and regions
Mathis and Michael Güller
Güller Güller Rotterdam.Zurich
what does that change?
1. Airports and Cities
2. From Airport to Airport City
3. ‘Lisboa Cidade Aeroporto’: Challenges / Potentials
4 Paris airport corridor
4.
5. Preliminary conclusions
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Source: Amsterdam airport Schiphol
Guatemala City
City airport
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30km from city
Hongkong
London
Sky City
Frankfurt
Remote airport
Asiaworld Expo
Kowloon
Tung Chung
Hongkong
nce
Paris – Ile de Fran
Disneyland
Resort
Amsterdam
Sky City
20km from city
10km from city
Paris
Zurich
Airport Corridor ‘Glattal’
city centre
Region Ile de France
airport city
Zurich airport
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“Double Hub”
Precondition = integration in regional transportation networks
Zurich
Lightrail for Airport Corridor
Car
Î de-centralization
Train
Î re-concentration
Ai
Airport
t
Î poly-centralization
l
t li ti
Public transportation aligned with economic development
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Airport City
= an ‘business strategy’
= an ‘urban development strategy’
for a transportation node
4.
mechanisms not scale!
“AirportCity”
= additional income with non-aviation activities
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Amsterdam
real-estate instead of parking
Reorganisation of the airport operator‘s company structure
Amsterdam Schiphol
Transportation node
the railway station as
a new focal point
Development of office-m2 parallel to nr. of airplane movements
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Vienna
Airport City
1 million passengers =
•
1000 - 1500 direct workplaces
•
10’000m2 of real estate (add. 250 direct / 50 indirect workplaces)
•
air-connectivity / hotel nights / consumption expenditures / etc.
Source: various European airports
the potential economic benefits of air-transportation
Initiatives of the airport operator to finance its infrastructure
Chicago
logistic areas
centre ville
European Airport City = ca. 80-90ha
What do we mean by airport city?
Which environment, identity, role of the airport area
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Stockholm
Sky City
Just another generic business park?
Frankfurt airport
Double hub
Frankfurt: complementary to what the city already has
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Frankfurt airport
Frankfurt airport
AIRrail-terminal
AIRrail-terminal
Airport City = “Central railway-station” development
Frankfurt airport expansion competition 2003
AIRail Terminal
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Piers
Terminal
+
Airport City
+
‘Hybrid Airport’
….a 2nd generation of airport city?
….prizewinning project by Foster (GB)
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- Airport City at a remote airport
- Position of the airport in a polycentric region
- Integration in regional/national transportation networks
- Individual municipal developments
4.
- Governance of spatial
spatial-economic
economic developments
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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NAL
40km
NAL
Lisboa
25km
Setúbal
NAL
Airport City – which parts of a differentiated programmatic range?
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Amsterdam
Helsinki
Stockholm
Uppsala
Stockholm
40km
Stockholm
Copenhagen
Milano Malpensa
Vienna
ARN
Arlandastad – 660ha
5km
Arlanda Airport City – too big, too vague, too far away...
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40km from city
Oslo airport
Oslo airport
AIRPORT CITY
AIRPORT CITY
a typically ‘Norwegian’ development?
An outstanding quality
‘Design Manual’
‘Design Manual’
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Oslo airport
Airport City on airport platform
Airport business parks
a ‘specific and airport oriented’ economic profile
NAL
Zürich - the airport area as a regional ‘Centre Area’
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Airport trainstation = regional interchange node
Airport trainstation = national interchange node
1 Regional Centres
ARN
2
2 Airport = ‚platform for heavy
infrastructure‘
ARN
1
1 Airport Shuttle
2 National railway line
to Stockholm
Stockholm County: airport and airport region peripheral?
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Key-branches:
clusters and hot-spots in
the Stockholm-Uppsala
region
ARN
40km
Uppsala
ARN
ARN
Stockholm
ABC-corridor Stockholm: concentration of Science and R&D parks
Economic profile of the Stockholm ABC-corridor
(1) Accessibility of the platform for passengers / employees
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NAL
NAL
(2) Possible concentration of larger parts of the economic spin-off
(3) Probable role of the new airport as logistic platform
Barcelona
Barcelona
AIRPORT CITY
Ciudad aeropuerto
5
4
2
3
1
Ideally at nearby platforms: an equal level of accessibility as inside the city
Complementary to what the city already has(!)
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30km from city
Hongkong
CHAIN OF PEARLS in transportation corridor (dead-end)
Coruche
B
Benavente
t
NAL
Alcochete
Montijo
Palmela
Individual municipal developments?
Stockholm
Airport municipalities
NAL
High-quality living environment and attractive business opportunities
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ARN
How to match profiles of population and activities?
Sigtuna municipality – 4th biggest conference location in Sweden
ARN
Concurrence between business areas in the 4 municipalities
Common area development of the 4 municipalities
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Amsterdam Airport Area
Governance
Development agency to maximize the spatial-economic potentials
Amsterdam Airport Area
Governance
Governance and partnerships needed!
move towards ‘creating added value’
and
pursue a “metropolitan planning approach” (accessibility,
complementary economic profile,
profile sustainable development)
development)…
…rather than creating a stand-alone airport-facility and
peripheral business/logistic sites
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4.
Triangle de Gonesse
…towards a Parisian airport corridor
Amsterdam
Paris – Ile de France
Londres
Francfort
Güller Güller – DHV – EBP – Van Beek
Why? What for?
strategic reserve between city and airport which others don’t have anymore
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Ref AXA
CS 1 – EPA Plaine de France
AXA – potentialité de
développement du Triangle de
Gonesse, Déc 2006
A- 1er cercle
Pôle tertiaire
B- 2ème cercle
Parc mixte
C
C- 3ème cercle
entrepôts et locaux d’activité
_______________________
B
A
± 40’000 emplois
Take-up of 100’000m2 per year
challenge: fragmented development of the Airport corridor
Supply 1.5 – 2 million m2 economic development
Etablissement Public d‘Amenagement Plaine de France
Public Planning Authority ‚Plaine de France‘
Paris airport corridor
Governance?
Plaine de France
Missions of the EPA:
Dep Val d’Oise
Dep.
d Oise
Dep. Seine Saint-Denis
• Stratégie urbaine
• Développement et
promotion du territoire
• Émergence et montage
de projets
• Pil
Pilotage
t
ett gestion
ti d
de
projets à la demande
des partenaires
• Conseil et appui aux
communes
City of Paris
30 municipalities and 2 departements ‘Val d’Oise’ and ‘Seine Saint-Denis’
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Gonesse
Tremblay
Villepinte
Aulnay
sous Bois
tomorrow…
today...
Le Bourget
the Paris’ airport corridor
lack of use of the potential and socio-economic inegalities
Target groups: 1st, 2nd and 3rd line of airport-related business-activities
Concept of an airport corridor:
Passenger Terminals
Retail (tax free shops)
Airport Hotel
Aircraft Handling
Cargo Terminals
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
High-end Offices
Conference Center,
Hotels, Shopping Area
Bonded Warehouses
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Passenger Terminals
Cargo Warehouses Airside
C
A R G O
Cargo Warehouses Landside
Activités 1ère ligne
g
fragmented islands
unclear profile
airport corridor
competitive profile
Act. 2ième ligne
Act.
3ième
ligne
CDG; LBG
Roissy Pole, ZACs
ZACs
?
Offices, Back offices
((larger
g scales))
Conference Center,
Recreation Facilities
High Tech Industries,
Distribution/ Value
Added Logistics
Source: DHV
one single spatial-economic development strategy
Risk: Wrong target groups at wrong business sites
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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1‐ AIRPORT CITY Charles‐de‐Gaulle
2‐ metropolitan development pole Le Bourget
3‐ AIRPORT CORRIDOR
4‐ a new logistic platform CDG‐Est 5‐ individual business / industrial parks
5 distinctive economic profiles
a new ‘axe de compétitivité’
Triangle
de Gonesse
metropolitan vision:
Identity: 2nd green sector of Paris
a contribution to the national competitivity agenda
and a new metropolitan development pole
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Economic segregation: distribution of levels of income in the Ile de France
Lack of compatibility between noise and urban development
Plaine de
France
Global challenge ‘Liveability’
le golf
Chapter 2 Competitiveness, Liveability and Strategic
Vision
• Dilemma III. Economic dynamism or liveable city?
“Concentration of population, which partly account for
metro-region’s dynamism, causes also congestion, poor
environment, housing shortages and the formation of
ghettos. Is there a choice between economic dynamism
and having a liveable city?”
les plaines agricoles
les vallons
technopole
colline d’energie
les parcs urbains
in OECD Territorial Reviews: Competitive Cities
in the Global Economy, 2006
Collective agricole périurbaine ‘Plaine de France’ de 6000ha
Green network
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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An opportunity to achieve…
• territorial coherence
• an efficient internal organization of the airport area
• competitive advantages wrt other global city regions
• excellency in sustainable development
Which type of urban
development will be
modern and competitive
in 10-15 years?
Which strategic benefits?
Gare RER
Gare Sarcelles
RER D‐B
Bus TCSP
Tramway Sud‐
Nord
‘Backbone’ of the economic corridor,
and interconnection with the surrounding villages
corridor of public transportation
an « urban boulevard » instead of a road
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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in a city a street is not a road!
printemps
été
automne
Campus of the Technopôle
Technopole as flagship to the ‘Cœur du Triangle’
Dynamisme économique
Différentiation et compacité
Création d’emplois et accessibilité
Qualité de vie et de travail
Innovation et identité
Excellence paysagère et réseaux locaux
Integrated urbanism
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Roissy en France Gonesse
Creating added value
by selectivity in programme and
scarcity of developpable land…
...and
by creating a 2nd green sector of Paris,
and an airport corridor strategy
Mixity
Value creation
4.
Benefits for the local inhabitants!
CCDR-LVT Lisboa
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Key issues for a quantity-quality approach
•
Potential for airport corridor development
•
Co-ordination of development around the airport and on strategic sites
y following
g foreign
g examples such as SADC in Amsterdam =
of the city
linking business parks to airport functions by offering exclusivity and high
quality
•
Selectivity and segmentation: Not everything needs to be in the airport
surroundings
•
Internalization of landscape: potential to create higher added value for
Lisbon region regarding to airport businesses and logistics areas,
areas by
steering the value of land and creating shortages (SCARCITY)
some criteria for an integrated ‘cidade aeroporto’
1.
BENEFIT FOR THE CITY:
complementary, chance for metropolitan developm. poles?
2.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFIT:
quality of live / workplace-generation in the neighbourhood
3.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE COMPETITIVITY AGENDA:
selective economic profile / sustainability
4.
INTEGRATION IN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS:
a chance to build up a (public transportation) network
5.
IMAGE OF THE AIRPORT CITY:
truly Portuguese
6.
GOVERNANCE:
PPP / development agency
Potential methods:
Value creation, Quality improvement (environment and accessibility),
Steering/ optimizing land use, creating shortages, strengthening the image
airport and city – Lisboa cidade aeroporto?
CCDR-LVT Lisboa

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