Battery Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles
The Coming Automotive Revolution
July 2008 for OEVA.org
Roadmap
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Terms
What’s Driving Change
New Fuels Choices
Get an EV
Caveat Emptor
EV Makers
The Vehicles
What You Can Do
Terms
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EV – electric vehicle
BEV – battery electric vehicle
LSV – low speed vehicle (35MPH max*)
NEV – neighborhood electric vehicle, short range LSV
E-REV –extended range electric vehicle a.k.a. REEV, REV.
Plug-in series hybrid is the technically correct term.
PHEV – Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
Li-Ion – lithium ion battery chemistry, several variants
PbA – lead acid battery chemistry
ICE – internal combustion engine
CNG – compressed natural gas
LNG – liquid natural gas
CARB – California Air Resources Board
Electric Drive – electric motor used for propulsion;
includes BEV, E-REV & Fuel Cell vehicles.
* State specific laws apply
Driving Change
 Increasing Fossil Fuel Cost
Cheaper
Cleaner
 Global
Warming Concerns
Domestic
 Concerns
about: Foreign Oil
Dependency, National Security
& Terrorism
Several factors are culminating to
spur change from the status-quo
Technologies Vying For the Throne
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Bio-fuels
Fuel Cells
Hydrogen Combustion
Liquid Coal
Natural Gas (CNG or LNG)
Ultra-capacitors
Batteries
Compressed Air
Expect more than one winner, especially near term.
Electric drive lends itself easily to multiple fuel sources.
Battery Electric Vehicles
(Born To Be Wired)
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Many Start-ups and big-auto companies have
announced electric drive projects
This presentation focuses on freeway speed
4-wheel EVs
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These are less niche than LSV/NEV & 3, 2 (or 1) wheel
vehicles
Sorry if I missed your
favorite EV. There are
lots of projects out there
and new ones surface
everyday.
Becoming an
EV Driver
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Three methods
1.
2.
3.
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Convert a vehicle
Buy a conversion
Buy a new or used OEM EV
This presentation covers
upcoming opportunities to buy
an OEM EV (Some professional conversions too)
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Prototypes projects are not covered, unless they
have announced production plans
PHEVs are not covered
What Is Different From the EV1 Era?
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Lithium Batteries
Greater energy densities
 No strangle-hold patent owner
 Can hit the golden 70/70 inflection point
(70mile/70MPH)
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Higher gasoline price
Greater GHG concern
Venture capital investment in Green-tech
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Better funded EV start-ups
Caveat Emptor
(How The Grinch Sold Green-Ness)
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Interest in this market is growing. Some
companies are sincerely working on vehicles,
some are green-washing, and some are looking
to rip you off.
Many press releases never turn in to products
Don’t hold your breath
for “coming soon”
About Sources
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Sources for this information include rumors,
blogs, & press releases.
* Grain of Salt required *
Sources listed in speaker notes
when possible
The Upstarts
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Tesla
Miles
Zenn
AC Propulsion
Phoenix Motorcars
Project Better Place
Obvio
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Reva
Myers Motors
Th!nk
Lightning
Hybrid Technologies
Commuter Cars
Universal Electric
Vehicle
Zap!
Players - Big Auto
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Mitsubishi
Renault-Nissan
GM
Honda
DaimlerChrysler
Subaru
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BMW
Audi
Mercedes-Benz
The Vehicles
In order of cost,
highest to lowest
Venturi — Fetish
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High-end electric sports car, the Fetish is
manufactured in Monaco. Two more models,
the Ecletic and Astrolab, under development.
Price: €297k (~$465k dollars)
Fuel type: Battery electric
Range: 155 miles
Top Speed: 100 MPH
Release date:
Available now
Lightning GT
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United Kingdom’s answer to Tesla. They have
plans for cheaper mass-produced models later.
Fuel type: Battery electric, Altairnano’s nanotitanate
Price: £150k (~$296k in US dollars)
Range: 250 miles
Top Speed: 130MPH+
Release date: soon,
taking deposits
Tesla Motors — Roadster
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The highly publicized, most-hyped electric car
around, Tesla’s high-performance Roadster
Fuel type: Battery electric, 6831 Li-Ion cells
Price: $109k (MY2009)
Range: 220 Miles
Top Speed: 125MPH
Available Now. Started
Shipping March 17th
Over 1000 ordered
Commuter Cars — Tango T600
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Skinny car with advanced ballast shift balance
technology. Two less expensive models planned.
Fuel type: Battery electric, PbA & Li-Ion options
Range: PbA 40-80 miles, Li-Ion 200 miles
Top Speed: 150MPH
Price: $108k
Release date: ??
Taking orders now
Universal Electric Vehicles — Spyder
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UEV’s sporty designed Electrum Spyder
Fuel type: Battery electric, Li-ion or NiMH
Price: $70k (for NiMH)
Range: 150 miles
Top speed: 100+ MPH
Release date: 2008
limited production
AC Propulsion EBox
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The eBox is a converted (Toyota) Scion xB.
Fuel type: Battery electric, 5088 Li-Ion cells
Range: 120 - 150 Miles
Top Speed: 95MPH
Price: $55k + ~$13k
donor Scion
Release date: Now,
limited production,
built to order, California only
Tesla Model S (Whitestar Sedan)
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Following the Roadster, Tesla’s next project is a
4-door, 5-passenger high-performance luxury
sedan
Fuel type: Battery electric, may have E-REV
option (Musk says No to E-REV)
Price: $60-65k
Range: 150-225 miles
Top Speed: ?
Release date: Late 2010
???
Obvio — 828e
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Designed in partnership with
Lotus and sold in the US by
Zap!. This little car has racy
pep. The Brazilian company
is planning the follow on
012e model.
Fuel type: Battery electric,
also CNG & ethanol models
Price: $49k
Range: 240 miles
Top speed: 120 MPH
Release date: Early 2009
Phoenix Motorcars — Sport Utility
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No cars here, just trucks and SUVs.
Planning longer 250 miles range battery option.
Fuel type: Battery electric,
Altairnano nanosafe
Price: $45k
Range: 130 miles
Top Speed: 95 MPH
Release date: “Soon”
Initially CA Fleet Focused
Chevy e-Volt
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Planned as a E-REV, GM has announced plans
for a cheaper BEV “e” version to meet CARB
Fuel type: Battery electric, A123 or LG Chem
Price: ~$35-40k
Range: 40 miles
Top Speed: ??
Release date:
2010
Miles Electric Vehicles XS500
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Miles already makes and sells two low-speed
EVs manufactured in China. XS500 has the
same body as the gasoline Hafei Saibao 3.
Fuel type: Battery electric
Price: $35-39k
Range: 120 miles
Top Speed: 80 MPH
Release date: 2009
Mitsubishi - i MiEV
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Tokyo Electric Power is currently testing ten of these
friendly looking Kei class sub-compacts. Regular and
all-wheel drive “Sport” editions planned.
Fuel type: Battery electric, Li-Ion
Range: 100 miles
Top Speed: 80MPH
Price: $38k
Release date:
2009 – Japan
2011 – UK
???? – US
Th!nk City
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Out of hibernation, Th!nk plans a new model in
Europe this year and in the United States later.
Also bigger Ox model by 2011.
Fuel type: Battery electric, Enerdel Sodium nickel
iron or A123 Lithium
Price: $35k or $25k + battery lease $150-$200/month
Range: 112 Miles
Top Speed: 62 MPH
Release date: 2008 in
Europe, 2009 in the US
ZENN - CityZenn
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Powered by EEStor ultra-capacitors,
rechargeable in less than 5 minutes*
Fuel type: Ultra-capacitor electric
Price: Less than $30k
Top Speed: 80 MPH
Range: 250 miles
Available: Fall 2009
ZENN NEV pictured
Renault-Nissan / Project Better Place
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PBP will lease quick swap battery packs. The exchange
will be offered at many locations & take no longer than a
traditional gas fill-up. Renault EVs will cost the same as
gas models and have lifetime warranty.
Fuel type: Battery electric, Nissan and NEC joint project
2010: Nissan will launch US fleet EVs
2011: EVs charging network in Israel and Denmark
2012: EVs in every large
car-market
Top Speed: 0-60 in 8sec
Price: $25k
Range: 125 Miles
ICE Magane pictured
Daimler - Smart EV
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An all-electric version of the fortwo, previously
called fortwo ED (Electric Drive). Currently under
test in London. EV Mercedes announced too.
Fuel Type: Battery electric,  Range: 72 miles
 Top Speed: 70MPH
Sodium Nickel Chloride
Price: lease £370 (~US$682) per month + mileage
Availability: 2010
Subaru R1e EV
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Subaru is evaluating w/ NY Power Authority.
Charged by a Fuji Heavy Industries rapid
charger allows 80% charge in just 8 minutes.
Fuel type: Battery electric, Li-Ion (LiMn2O4)
Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel
Range: 50 miles
Top Speed: 62-65MPH
Price: $18k
Release date: 2009
What Can You Do?
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Join your local EV club (find it at www.eaaev.org)
Join Plug-in America
Tell the auto makers “No Plug, No Deal!”
Backup
Sources
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CNET: how many EV start-ups are there?
30 EV companies ready to take over the road
ProAuto Blog
Clean Tech Blog
Auto Blog Green
Myers Motors - NmG
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Rebirth of the Corbin Sparrow. Despite the
missing wheel, NmG made the list since it is
freeway speed capable and available right now.
Fuel type: Battery electric, PbA (Li-Ion Coming)
Range: 30 miles
Top Speed: 76MPH
Price: $22-35k
Release date:
Available now
Wrightspeed — X-1
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Wrightspeed admits that its scarily fast prototype is
unsafe, and will never be mass-produced. The company
is planning a commercial model with the same high
performance, but hasn’t given any real details yet.
Fuel type: All-electric
Price: Probably high
Range: <100 miles
Top Speed: 112 MPH
electronically limited
Reva G-Wiz
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Despite its distinction as the most-produced electric
vehicle around, since 2001, the India-produced Reva
isn’t available in the United States. It’s considered
extremely unsafe at high speeds.
Fuel type: Battery electric, Lead Acid Batteries
Price: $16k
Range: 70 miles
Top Speed: 45MPH
Release date: Available now
in India
ElBil Norge — Kewet Buddy
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The Buddy is currently only available in Norway
Fuel type: Battery electric, PbA or Li-Ion
Range: PbA 30-60Miles, Li-Ion 60-90 Miles
Top Speed: 56MPH
Price: $28k +
Release date:
Available now
in Norway
Hybrid Tech – LiV Conversions
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Hybrid Technologies is a concept and brand
development corporation in the field of alt-fuel
vehicles. They have Smart TwoFour, PT
Cruiser, Mini Cooper and other conversions.
Fuel type: Li-Ion
Range: 120+
Top Speed: 80 MPH
Price: NA (prototypes)
Release date: NA (prototypes)