Kokako bonanza - Tiritiri Matangi
Transcription
Kokako bonanza - Tiritiri Matangi
Dawn Chorus Bulletin 97 ISSN 1171-8595 May 2014 Kokako bonanza A record 11 chicks fledged Tiritiri snippets New video microscope makes tiny organisms big enough to be scary Veteran Tiritiri guide Bob McHardy’s eyes were glowing as he watched a crowd of youngsters marvelling at the sight of huge, scary, spiky-looking insects, magnificent, brightly coloured giant flower petals, the beautiful patterns on the surface of massive green leaves or the difference between kiwi and kakariki feathers. The cause of the excitement was a new video microscope, which is now installed in the Visitor Centre, allowing people to see what the tiny organisms so important to the Island’s ecosystem actually look like. The video microscope has been developed by Auckland-based Microeye Interactive, which specialises in producing microscopes for public places like museums, science centres, zoos, botanical gardens and arboretums. Its system makes it easy for anyone to move an object – including rocks, fossils, feathers, shells, leaves, insects – under the microscope and to see a blown-up picture of it on an HD television screen. They’re not cheap, of course, but Tiritiri has got one thanks to Bob’s generosity. 'It came about,' he explained, 'because for several years my wife and I looked after an elderly couple through Presbyterian Support and they left us $10,000 in their will. 'It was a bit embarrassing, because that’s not why we did it, so we decided we’d each give half the money to a good cause, and I’m giving mine to Tiritiri for the video microscope. 'It’s a great idea, it will really help with the education programme on the Island . . . and I want to see the kids' eyes.' To judge from the looks on the faces of the children who have used the microscope so far, and the look on Bob’s face while watching Visiting Tiritiri Matangi them, it has been money well spent. If you’d like to find out more about video microscopes and the company that makes Help look after this special sanctuary them, go to www.microeyeinteractive.com Pukupuku/Little spotted kiwi Simon Fordham Hihi/Stitchbird Trev Storr • www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz • www.facebook.com/TiritiriMatangiIsland Kākāriki/Red-crowned parakeet Lara Dixon Tīeke/North Island saddleback Martin Sanders If you enjoy your experience on Tiritiri Matangi and would like to be involved, join The Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Inc. Visit: How you can help Thousands of people have volunteered their labour or donated money to the conservation project since its inception in 1988. The community group Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Inc is a major contributor to the development of Tiritiri Matangi as an open wildlife sanctuary, and its support and involvement is essential to the continuing success of the project. Volunteer and community support Guided tours offered by the Supporters for a small cost are a great way for visitors to explore the island. The tours are approximately 90 minutes long and the guides will help identify the various species that you come across and highlight the best spots to see wildlife. You can book your tour when you reserve your ferry ticket. Visitor Centre and facilities The Visitor Centre and shop are located near the lighthouse. The shop sells T‑shirts, books, New Zealand flora‑ and fauna‑ themed gifts and cold drinks, and accepts Mastercard and Visa. Complimentary tea and coffee is supplied by Dilmah, Chelsea Sugar and Nestlé. All profits from the shop go to support the island and its conservation work. For more information contact Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Inc or Tiritiri Matangi shop, phone 09 476 0010. Toilets are located at Tiritiri Wharf, Hobbs Beach and the lighthouse area. Overnight accommodation The bunkhouse can be booked for overnight stays at www.doc.govt.nz. However, this facility has limited availability as it is primarily used by volunteers and researchers. Before you board your ferry to come out to the island, please: Check that your bags are free of rodents and insects; no open bags are allowed on the ferry; and all food must be packed in sealed containers Check that clothing, footwear and bags are free of dirt and seeds On the island: Keep to the tracks to avoid disturbing wildlife No pets are allowed Take all your rubbish off the island No barbeques or fires are allowed No camping is allowed Published by: Publishing Team Department of Conservation PO Box 10420, Wellington 6143 New Zealand February 2014 Crown copyright Cover photo of Bandit and Morag Fordham by Kay Milton Rangers live on the island and can offer further information and emergency support, phone 09 476 0920. Note that cellphone reception can be patchy on the island. 2 Cover: North Island kōkako in pōhutukawa Jim Eagles An open sanctuary Tell your friends about Tiritiri Matangi and encourage them to get involved too. A reasonable standard of fitness is required for some tracks. Tiritiri Matangi Island is a scientific reserve, a wildlife sanctuary and one of New Zealand’s most important and exciting conservation projects. It is managed by the Department of Conservation in conjunction with the community group Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Inc. A glance back in time 360 Discovery recently found two cockroaches on the ferry, providing a timely reminder that it’s not just mammalian pests that pose a potential threat to the ecosystems on Tiritiri. It’s just as important to check bags for insects as it is for rats and mice and they’re often harder to spot. New Zealand’s island sanctuaries help to ensure the survival of many rare and endangered plant and animal species. They are especially valuable because they are easier to keep predator‑ free than mainland areas. Tītitipounamu/Rifleman Simon Fordham Tiritiri Matangi is a scientific reserve and a sanctuary for rare wildlife. It has no introduced pests. Visitors are welcome, but we ask that you treat this special island with care to help keep its wildlife safe. To ensure minimum disturbance to wildlife, many sanctuaries, such as Hauturu/Little Barrier Island, only allow the public restricted access. However, Tiritiri Matangi has been developed as an open sanctuary, where the public are welcome to visit and enjoy some of New Zealand’s rare and endangered wildlife up close and in their natural environment. Toutouwai/North Island robin Jane Thompson Tiritiri Matangi was settled by Te Kawerau‑a‑Maki. On the western coast, these early settlers built Tiritiri Matangi Pā, from which the island takes its name, and other settlements soon developed along this coastline. The remains of building sites and kūmara storage pits can still be seen on most ridges on the western side of the island. A large settlement also existed at Northeast Bay. The walking tracks on Tiritiri Matangi provide great opportunities for visitors to explore areas of scenic and wildlife interest. Tracks are clearly marked and signposted. Points of interest and facilities are marked on the map. Tiritiri Matangi (‘looking to the wind’ or ‘wind tossing about’) lies 4 km off the coast of Whangaparaoa Peninsula, only 1 hour and 20 minutes by boat from Auckland city. Europeans arrived in the mid‑1850s, and the island was farmed continuously from then until the 1970s when the farming lease was not renewed and the island became a recreation reserve. The Department of Conservation now administers Tiritiri as a scientific reserve. Members of Ngāti Paoa later moved into this area and established the Papakura (red rock) Pā on the northern reach. This pā was destroyed in the 1700s during conflict between the two iwi. www.doc.govt.nz Bringing back the wildlife North Island kōkako Martin Sanders Walking tracks The new Tiritiri Matangi brochure – produced by SoTM rather than DOC – is now on sale and looks superb. It has several changes from the old brochure, including new photos, an improved map which shows all the link tracks, updated descriptions of the walks and a QR Code that people with smartphones can scan to link up with the SoTM and DOC websites to get further information. The brochure has been designed by Louise Belcher, a graphic Tiritiri designer who, Matangi some time back Island sent in an email An open sanctuary volunteering to put her skills to work for SoTM. Guiding and shop manager MaryAnn Rowland had just decided she would like to do a Tiritiri calendar so she asked Louise to help. 'I ended up sitting down at her dinThe 220‑hectare island was originally covered by a mixed pōhutukawa forest, with kohekohe and taraire dominant in the sheltered valleys. However, centuries of Māori occupation followed by European farming saw the majority of the island converted to rolling grassland, with only a few pockets of forest remaining. Tiritiri’s 20.5‑metre‑tall cast iron lighthouse at the southern end of the island has guided ships through the Hauraki Gulf since 1865. The original two lighthouse keepers’ cottages were replaced in 1918 with the buildings that exist today. The lighthouse is now fully automated and powered by solar panels, and the lighthouse area, including the historic watch tower and foghorn, is well worth visiting. www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz There is no food available for purchase on the island. Bring your own supplies, order a lunchbox through 360 Discovery (24 hours in advance) or purchase food on the ferry. Tiritiri Matangi’s original wildlife suffered greatly when the forests were cleared for pasture. Many bird species were forced to leave in search of new homes and food sources, and only the more resilient species, such as the tūī, pīwakawaka/fantail, tauhou/silvereye, riroriro/grey warbler, korimako/bellbird and pūweto/spotless crake remained. Takahē Trev Storr Once you’re there Since the island became a sanctuary, some of our rarer native birds, including tīeke/North Island saddleback, hihi/stitchbird, takahē, toutouwai/North Island robin, North Island kōkako, pōpokotea/whitehead, pukupuku/little spotted kiwi, pāteke/ brown teal, mātātā/North Island fernbird, and tītitipounamu/ rifleman, have been re‑introduced to Tiri. Tuatara have also been successfully re‑established on the island, along with Duvaucel’s gecko, shore skink and wētā punga/giant wētā. For more information about the island, visit: Getting there Ferry service to Tiritiri Matangi phone 0800 360 3472 or visit www.360discovery.co.nz MAGIC: Bob McHardy watches a group of youngsters enjoy the the video microscope he bought for the Visitor Centre. Photo / Martin Sanders ing room table with a heap of photos all badly glued to various bits of paper and an idea of the format I wanted and she turned something very ropey into what is now an amazing product!' Since then Louise has continued to design the calendars and now the brochure despite being based in Australia for a time. She has now got a new job which, unfortunately, means she’ll probably have less time to work for SoTM. But what she has already done has been a huge asset to the Island. Ranger Jason Campbell was giving his usual talk to a couple of hundred people when he noticed that he’d lost their attention. Jason turned around to see what could possibly be more interesting than his well-honed speech . . . and stopped speaking. The visitors were all looking in amazement at a huge black fin that had appeared at the end of the wharf. And they were even more amazed when that fin was joined by three more. A pod of orcas was after the rays often found around the wharf. For about 30 minutes they hunted for food and every so often a flurry indicated that one of the giant predators had made a kill. Trying to avoid becomDawn Chorus 97 May 2014 ing a snack a lot of the stingrays and eagle rays moved into the shallows which only added to the spectacle. Anne Rimmer ran up the wharf to alert the ferry crew with the immortal cry, 'Orca off your port bow!' As she stood on the wharf 'the huge male and his smaller companion approached fast, heading straight for me in about 2m of clear water. They peeled off at the last moment rather than going under the wharf. What a thrill!' Kathryn Jones, who was taking photos, said, 'Because the water was so clear we were able to see some of the orca underneath the water and one poked its head up to have a look at the ferry. An added bonus was that afterwards we all got to see stingray and eagle ray up close in the shallows.' The Orca Research Trust identified the big male, who had a tall floppy fin, as Rocky. A smaller female with only half a fin is A1 and the baby was probably hers. Another large female is named Dianne. There was probably also at least one youngster with the group. The beneficial effect that supplementary feeding has on the reproduction of female hihi has been confirmed by research at Maungatautari Ecological Island carried out by Lydia Doerr for her honours thesis. Hihi, she noted, were originally found in forests throughout the North Island but loss of habitat and introduced predators meant that by the 1880s they were limited to Little Barrier Island. More recently, however, successful translocations have been made to predator-free reserves at Tiritiri, Karori, Kapiti Island, Bushy Park and Maungatautari. The majority of these sites require extensive management including nest boxes and supplementary food in the form of sugar water. However, Maungatautari differs from other reserves in that its 3,400ha of mature forest provides adequate natural nest cavities and potentially a year-round food supply. The focus of Lydia’s study was to evaluate whether supplementary feeding of sugar water affected the breeding success of female hihi. During the 2012-13 breeding season, 17 females were monitored to determine the number of fledglings produced. The study found that females which used feeders produced 27 fledglings at an average of 3.4 fledglings per female, while the nonfeeder users produced18 fledglings at an average of 2.5. None of the feeder-using females had failed clutches, while seven out of the 16 clutches of non-feeder users did fail. Lydia concluded that that the results suggested that feeder use improves reproductive success by decreasing the probability of nest failure and increasing the number of young produced per female. www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz ON THE PROWL: An orca surfaces off the end of the Tiritiri Wharf after diving to hunt for rays. Photo / Kathryn Jones Concert strikes the right note SWEET: The Sounding Tiritiri concert was again a huge success, raising $3000 for SoTM and attracting packed ferries of enthusiastic fans who enjoyed the musicians playing together, accompanying the birds (above) and joining in with the diaphonic foghorn (below). Photos / Martin Sanders 3 FRESHWATER SPECIES, from left: Banded kokopu, shortfin eel, longfin eel. Photos / Simon Fordham, Mike Joy, NIWA Biodiversity plan Making a home for freshwater species Tiritiri Matangi has few native fish species in its waterways, but the Biodiversity Plan is proposing measures that would make it easier for them to find a home on the Island, writes Jim Eagles, in the second in a series of articles on the Plan’s recommendations for biodiversity development in the next 10 years. There are 12 small dams and several small freshwater streams on Tititiri Matangi Island, notes the recently adopted Biodiversity Plan for the Island, but they do not provide ideal habitat for native fish. The dams are all man-made, vary in their ability to hold water and do not have significant inflow or outflow (except after heavy rainfall) and have a predominantly clay substrate. As a consequence, they are often turbid, stagnant, shallow bodies of water which lack dissolved oxygen and suitable cover and shade to sustain native freshwater fauna. Two species that have, nevertheless, been able to survive on the Island are the threatened endemic longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and the non-threatened shortfin eel (Anguilla australis), which periodically colonise the ponds. Eels are excellent climbers and on a small island like Tiritiri can easily move overland to access land-locked ponds or migrate upstream and downstream during high flow conditions. Tiritiri has small but relatively steep-sided catchments so its streams are prone to flashfloods likely to flush-out resident freshwater fish (with the exception of eels and large galaxiids). The streams are largely ephemeral and do not provide suitable habitat for native freshwater fish year round. The Bush 1 stream does provide suitable habitat for some species of native freshwater fish during most of the year and banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus), one of New Zealand’s five diadromous whitebait species, have been known to live there. However, anecdotal re- 4 ports suggest that they have not been seen in the stream for some years. This could be due to lack of access at the sea outlet, or to the fish having left the stream during particularly dry seasons. In fact, the plan says, problems such as drying up and the blocking of stream outlets represent the main threats to freshwater species on the Island, though there is also a risk of invasion by exotic species. Fortunately, as far as is known, Tiritiri has no exotic invasivePhoto: freshwater or fish. The Ian weed Southey likelihood of incursions from the major invasive fish threat, gambusia, commonly known as mosquito fish, is low due to the strict biosecurity measures visitors must observe, and the Island’s distance from the mainland. There is always a threat of an exotic aquatic weed incursion. Weeds such as curled pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) could be transferred by waterfowl via seed dispersal from nearby Motutapu Island but it has a relatively minor impact and usually co-exists with indigenous vegetation. A more serious problem would be presented by the suite of oxygen weeds (eg Egeria densa), which are much more invasive, but the likelihood of an oxygen weed incursion on the Island is low– it would require stem fragments containing lateral buds in order to give rise to new plants – and would be relatively easy to control by draining affected ponds and applying an appropriate herbicide. The Plan concludes that because of the lack of good habitat Tiritiri would not be a suitable site for the translocation of freshwater fish, and adds that there is insufficient knowledge to determine whether the introduction of selected native aquatic invertebrates or plants would be appropriate or feasible. But there are steps that could be taken to encourage freshwater fish to establish themselves on the Island. The first measure recommended is to acquire better knowledge of freshwater flora and fauna already present and of the freshwater habitats themselves. As far as is known, there has never been a comprehensive freshwater flora or fauna survey conducted on Tiritiri and the Plan recommends that one be undertaken taken (and this has now been commissioned). It also proposes a survey to see if there are any obstacles that might prevent upstream migration by fish. And it calls for an assessment of the general health of the Island’s freshwater ecosystems, including measuring water quality in each of the ponds. If necessary, the Plan suggests, work could be done to improve access routes for fish migrating from the sea to those streams and ponds that that provide suitable habitat for native fish. It also recommends improving the ponds’ marginal and aquatic vegetation to provide shade and cover, which will in turn lower the water temperature during summer, provide habitat for native fish and ultimately improve water quality. You can download a pdf of the Tiritiri Matangi Biodiversity Plan at: www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz/biodiversity-plan Dawn Chorus 97 May 2014 Argentine ant eradication almost complete After 13 years of intensive work the campaign to remove two infestations of the dangerous Argentine ant from Tiritiri is close to success, reports Department of Conservation entomologist Chris Green Argentine ants were discovered on Tiritiri in March 2000, and in February 2001 an intensive eradication programme was initiated. Argentine ant is one of the world’s top animal pest species and has been shown to modify ecosystems by killing many other species, especially invertebrates but also lizards and birds. Initially the entire 11ha infested area was treated, resulting in a rapid decline in ant numbers. Subsequent yearly monitoring revealed fewer and fewer ant colonies so only spot treatment of very small sites was required. Then in 2009 there was a set-back with a new incursion discovered at Hobbs Beach. Estimated to have arrived in 2008, this infestation required an extra 0.5ha to be treated (see map). Intensive efforts here and at remaining hot spots in the original area have resulted in no Argentine ants being found during 2012 and again during this last 2014 season. Evidence of a single very small nest was found in 2013. Thus I believe we are very close to eradication. Standard practice within DOC is to declare an eradication programme successful after two consecutive years free of the pest. However, due to the difficulties associated with detection of small, remnant Argentine ant nests there needs to be three consecutive antfree years in this case. The eradication programme aimed, not only to remove all Argentine ants from Tiritiri, but also to formulate an eradication method that could be used at other locations, particularly islands. There are two key elements to such a method, a) a reliable technique to kill the ants, and b) a monitoring or detection protocol to find any remaining ants. The latter must also be sensitive enough to be able to determine when no ants remain so eradication can be verified. Both these elements have required continual development and refinement during the eradication programme and this has resulted in a longer than expected timeframe. Poison baits are used for ant control because they have a very low impact on non-target species. Ants are attracted to baits then take the poisoned food back to their nests which subsequently die. There are many very effective spray or granule insecticide formulations that could potentially eradicate Argentine ants but they would also have very significant impacts on a wide variety of other invertebrates. Such impacts would be totally unacceptable on Tiritiri or other island reserves, particularly those with endangered species present. The Xstinguish Argentine ant bait used throughout the Tiritiri eradication programme is very attractive to ants but relatively unattractive to other invertebrates. A key issue on Tiritiri has been the presence of very small, isolated, remnant Argentine nests. In order to find these nests the ants must be able to locate the non-toxic baits used in monitoring. To achieve this several key criteria must be optimized, including the time of year, the weather conditions (both before and during monitoring), the condition of the attractant bait, the density of baits and the length of time they are on the ground. In order to ensure maximum ant activity, monitoring is only carried out during the warmest month of the year, February, and only when the ground is very dry. Baits are left out for 24hrs, must be moist and in key ant-preferred habitats should be placed 2-3m apart. Similar environmental criteria are required for poison baiting of nests, particularly keeping the baits moist for at least 4 -5 days, but spacing should be down to 1m. Tiritiri has been an incredibly important site for the 'research by management' eradication programme. Results from this programme have been used in other, larger programmes aimed at eradication in New Zealand and overseas. www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz INVADERS: The map shows the extent of the original Argentine ant infestation in 2001 and the Hobbs Beach infestation in 2008. The Northeast Bay infestation was eradicated in 2001. Below, Argentine ants on a bait. Photo / Chris Green 5 The Big Picture Helping brown kiwi to thrive on the mainland The northern Coromandel is home to the largest predator-controlled kiwi habitat on the New Zealand mainland, allowing brown kiwi to thrive, thanks to the work of the Moehau Environment Group. But, as Natalie Collicott writes, the group is also helping many other native species to return to the area. Moehau Environment Group is a volunteer organisation based in the Northern Coromandel. Formed in 2000, the group has around a hundred members, mostly locals, landowners and others keen to see the area once again alive with the sights and sounds of indigenous fauna. From small beginnings the group’s projects now cover over 13,500ha, primarily on private land. From the outset its goals were to enhance biodiversity by engaging the community and doing habitat restoration that would allow the re-introduction and recovery of endangered species. Whilst volunteers are the lifeblood of the organization, MEG also seeks to provide sustainable employment to locals in this remote part of the country. The initial focus of the group was possum control. Its first project was possuming on the coast north of Waikawau Bay, where possum browse was causing the prime coastal forest canopy to collapse. Today MEG undertakes possum control on 3500ha of public and private land, employing local contractors to fill bait stations across farmland and bush that buffers Mount Moehau. MEG has since expanded its activities into many areas. The fence In 2003 the group formulated an ambitious proposal to create New Zealand’s largest fenced sanctuary, a 20,000ha pest-free zone on the Northern Coromandel. The proposal required the construction of a pest-proof fence across the narrow isthmus between Colville Bay and Waikawau Bay. The group hoped to eradicate possums, feral goats and mustelids within this sanctuary by 2016. An open sanctuary was proposed, a fence supported by a trapping network which would allow road access for residents and visitors to the campsites, beaches and farmland north of the fence. While the community was generally supportive, the fence concept had some fierce local opponents. Critics believed the project would increase the likelihood of toxins being used on private land, increase rates and restrict the rights of fenced-in landowners. The idea was eventually abandoned in 2006 after a sample of fence was vandalized. Undeterred by this set-back, MEG has continued with Plan B: installing a buffer of integrated predator control stretching from coast to coast. Being situated on a peninsula 6 safe kiwi habitat on the mainland. While all other brown kiwi populations are declining in the wild, in the Coromandel they are increasing in number, thanks to the efforts of community groups and DOC. Kiwi numbers doubled on Moehau in the last nine years and their distribution is also growing. With stoats controlled to low numbers, dogs are now the biggest threat to Coromandel kiwi. The group collaborates with other organisations to inform the public about the risks dogs pose to kiwi. Returning lost species GOTTCHA: A young volunteer demonstrates the success of the predator control programme. means pests typically invade from the south, and to do so they now have to get through a virtual fence, a 6km-wide coast-to-coast buffer zone filled with traps and bait-stations. Real Kiwi Country In 2005 kiwi protection became a goal, with the opening of an 8000ha kiwi sanctuary on land south of the DOC-managed kiwi sanctuary at Moehau. The project was inspired by Baggins, an adventurous kiwi who left the DOC sanctuary and travelled an astonishing 70km south before settling in unprotected bush near Coromandel. Baggins’ story resonated with the group which saw the need to extend the area under protection to provide safe habitat for the expanding Moehau kiwi population. MEG now employs part-time trappers to check 800 stoat traps monthly in the area and the project recently reached a remarkable milestone with over 1000 stoats caught since trapping started in 2005. Further down the peninsula another 1000ha is protected by MEG volunteers trapping in the hills above Coromandel town. Coromandel Peninsula is a hotspot for kiwi protection with a plethora of community groups working to protect kiwi. Almost 30,000ha of contiguous kiwi protection makes the Northern Coromandel the largest area of In 2005 the Port Charles Rat Attack project was born, with a vision to provide safe habitat for birds that find it difficult to breed when rats are present. Impressively the group has managed to keep the incidence of rats below 5% in its Small Mammal Index monitoring since the project began. Some 2500 Victor rattraps spread over 350ha are regularly checked by volunteers and part-time trappers. Archeys and Hochstetter frogs (both vulnerable to rat predation) are found within the project area. Low rat numbers have allowed some morepork to revert to their natural instincts and nest successfully on the ground. Several translocations of pateke have been a roaring success with their population exploding from 60 to over 500 birds. On 8 April 2009 North Island robins (or toutouwai) were reintroduced to the area after HONOURED: Moehau Environment Group's chair Lettecia Williams and committee member Wayne Todd accept a Green Ribbon Award. Dawn Chorus 97 May 2014 being regionally extinct for around 100 years. The translocation was the culmination of years of planning and hard work by volunteers from MEG and DOC. Some of these birds have gone on to breed, so re-establishing a local population looks on-track. The group has also ventured into wetland restoration. Waikawau Bay wetland is a rare gem, an accessible intact wetland and estuarine system teeming with wildlife at the end of a white sandy beach. Here, MEG is working to protect threatened birds and invertebrates by trapping rodents. A testament to the project’s success is the increase in many rare wetland bird species within the area of predator control. Fernbirds have increased from about 20 to 110 and pateke have re-colonized, going from none to over 100 in five years. Bittern, which are extremely rare, are breeding within the wetland. Populations of banded rail, spotless crake, New Zealand dotterel and variable oystercatcher are all either up or stable in the wetlands. Sharing the passion MEG is semi-famous for the summer holiday programme it organizes each year. Every summer volunteers run a series of guided walks, boat trips and a junior ranger programme at local Coromandel campgrounds. The programme is now in its 12th year and boasts over 20 nature activities, including Upclose Kiwi Encounters, a chance to see a kiwi in the wild. For MEG the programme is a chance to engage visitors to the region, and share members’ passion for conservation with the public. It also partners with local schools to raise awareness about environmental issues and undertake restoration projects. In 2012 the achievements of Moehau Environment Group were recognized by a national Green Ribbon Award. Looking to the future, the group is focused on strengthening the linkages among its projects, furthering partnerships with government agencies, educational institutions and corporate sponsors, securing ongoing funds to allow continuation of progress and, hopefully, helping to bring kokako back to Moehau. If you would like to support Moehau Environment Group, or would like further information, visit www.meg.org.nz or email [email protected] BIRDS, clockwise from top: Rehua the kiwi and admirers; bittern have returned to the Waikawau Bay wetland; Koro the kiwi and project coordinator Natalie Collicott on a school visit; morepork can now safely nest on the ground. Pictures/Moehau Environment Group www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz 7 A taste of the Island's unique maritime history The annual Tiritiri Matangi Historic Open Day gave over 200 visitors a chance to appreciate the Island's special place in Maritime History. There was a rare opportunity to go inside the oldest working lighthouse in the country, built in 1864, and climb the spiral staircase to enjoy the spectacular view 21m up. The Diaphonic Foghorn, one of only two in New Zealand, sent its two-tone call booming across the Hauraki Gulf. The Watchtower, probably the last of its kind in the country, built as an observation point for staff keeping an eye on the weather, watching for ships and signalling information back to the city, showed off its exhibition of signalling and meteorological gear. In the old workshop there was a display on the proposed Lighthouse Museum, including some of the lighthouse equipment already collected. And, if that wasn't enough, the birds put on their usual display, with Cheesecake, Te Mingi and their increasingly big chick keeping visitors to the centre enthralled. A LONG WAY DOWN, above: The lighthouse staircase. Right, the lighthouse casts a long shadow. OUR HISTORY: Jim Battersby, founding chair of the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi, came to the open day to tell visitors the story of how the Island was restored. 8 Dawn Chorus 97 May 2014 OPEN FOR BUSINESS: The recently restored Watchtower, built in 1912, isn't just open to the public on Historic Open Day. Historian Anne Rimmer and a team of retired guides are now there most days. Above: Sue Minchen tells some young visitors about the signalling flags. Below: Ross Wilson, whose father was a lighthouse keeper, called at Tiritiri many times on the lighthouse boat when he was a boy but was never allowed to go ashore. When he finally got there and checked out the tower the radio set was a familiar sight. SEEING THE LIGHT, above: The Tiritiri light, shortly to be replaced, enjoys a magnificent view. Below: Ray Walter checks out the two old lights stored in the tower. Left: Jim Foye, engineer with the Maritime Safety Authority, came to Tiritiri to open the lighthouse and explain how it works. SOUNDING THE ALARM: Members of the ToiToi Trekkers first came to Tiritiri to plant trees and when that work ran out spent 10 years restoring the amazing Diaphonic Foghorn built in 1932. At left: Colin Johnson and Carl Dickinson were among seven members who attended the open day to start the engine and run the compressor that pressures the tank that powers the foghorn. At right: Carl Hayson enjoys the thunderous power of the foghorn blasting out from the red horn just above his head. Photos / Jim and Chris Eagles www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz 9 Call for Nominations Nominations are sought for Chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer and up to nine Committee members for Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi to be elected at the Annual General Meeting in September. If you are keen to become further involved in the management of our outstanding organization, do consider a role on the Committee. Meetings are held every six weeks at a central location. Nominations (including a nominator and seconder) must be received in writing by the Secretary, on or before 31 July 2014. Send to PO Box 90 814, Victoria Street West 1142 or [email protected] Please include a brief resume for inclusion in the August issue of Dawn Chorus. From the chair Your memories of great times on Tiritiri will help us celebrate SOTM's 25 marvellous years I’ll begin by thanking those of you who have responded to our appeal for photos and stories illustrating an event or some aspect of what Tiritiri means to you. We still need more contributions, as part of our 25th anniversary reflections, so put pen to paper, finger to keyboard or have a look through your photos and send something to me. We’ve had two recent events, our musical day, Sounding Tiritiri, and an Historic Open Day, when the lighthouse was opened to the public, both of which were highly successful with full boats and lots of excited visitors. Planning has started for a celebration of the 150th anniversary of the lighthouse on the 1 January 2015. Thanks to a generous donation from one of our members, we now have a wonderful video-microscope installed in the Visitor Centre. It’s proving to be a big hit with visitors young and old and Barbara Hughes is making good use of it in her education programmes. Regular visitors will probably have noticed that school visit numbers have increased significantly, almost doubling over last year’s 3,500. It’s great to see so many youngsters enjoying the Island. Well done to Barbara, Mary-Ann Rowland and all those brilliant guides who help to make these visits special for the kids. Now that we have a new Biodiversity Plan, it’s time to act on some of the recommendations and we have commissioned studies of freshwater habitats and the potential for establishing burrow-nesting seabirds in the bush. Thanks are due to the Auckland Zoo Conservation Fund which has provided grants for these two projects. This time last year, we contacted several thousand lapsed Supporters and asked them to rejoin. The response was encouraging – thanks to all of you who signed up again. Unfortunately, as expected from the last few years' experience, nearly a quarter of our existing Supporters failed to renew. I can’t emphasize enough how important your support is in securing the future of Tiritiri Matangi. So please don’t set your renewal request aside to deal with later. John Stewart Tiritiri Matangi on the move ____ Preliminary Notice of Annual General Meeting Notice is hereby given that the Annual General Meeting of the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi will be held as follows: 7.30pm Monday 22 September 2014 Further details will be included in the August issue of Dawn Chorus 10 EARTHQUAKE: It's not often that you see a whole island on the move. But that's what happened when the fibreglass model of Tiritiri Matangi, that usually takes pride of place in the Visitor Centre, went to town for repairs due to years of picking and poking from sticky fingers. Ian Higgins sawed round the surrounding sea so the model could be lifted out, it went down the road on the back of the truck and many hands lifted the island on to the ferry for the trip to the mainland. While it is being fixed the opportunity is being taken to update the track information. Photo / Jim Eagles Dawn Chorus 97 May 2014 Flora notes Tree daisies lighten up the Island landscape There are 25,000 members of the daisy family worldwide, writes Warren Brewer, and Tiritiri has three of them The large daisy family, Asteraceae, has a worldwide presence with over 25,000 species which include such plant forms as herbs, succulents, shrubs, trees and climbers. A distinguishing feature is the way their flowers are presented as a headlike inflorescence. This is made up of densely packed stalkless small flowers or florets. The GAZANIA FLOWER HEAD outer ray florets look like the petals on a normal flower. The inner florets in the central part of the head, the disc, are smaller and very tightly packed. A typical daisy, Gazania, has an outer ring of petal-like ray florets enclosing the central tiny disc florets. The whole head looks like a single flower. Our three plants, akepiro, cottonwood and rangiora, all have versions of daisy heads, hence their name, 'tree daisies'. Photos / Warren Brewer Akepiro Akepiro (Olearia furfuracea) is found growing in shrubland and along streamsides in the upper half of North Island. It forms a bushy, small tree with leathery dark green leaves. The leaves’ undersides have a dense light brown covering of short hairs called tomentum. Flowering occurs from mid-spring to mid-summer with many flower heads containing 5-12 small white florets. Seeds with tufts of hair are formed in late summer: they are wind dispersed. The genus Olearia contains about 180 species, found in Australia, New AKEPIRO FLORETS Zealand and New Guinea. New Zealand has 32 endemic species. Olearia is the Latinised name of a German botanist. Furfuracea means 'bran-like' or 'scurfy', describing the tomentum. Cottonwood Cottonwood (Ozothamnus leptophyllus) forms a large shrub with small, narrow leathery leaves. It has a heath-like appearance. Cottonwood is often found in coastal dunes and scrubland. Flowering occurs from November to February. The flowers appear at the tips of branches as a dull white body of papery scales in tight clusters. The seeds that form are covered in fuzz and are spread by wind. Ozothamnus is a genus of about 53 species. The majority are endemic to Australia. New Zealand has 2 endemic species and a few are found in New Caledonia. Ozothamnus means 'smelly shrub', referring to the foliage of some species. Leptophyllus means 'thin leaved.' Rangiora Rangiora (Brachyglottis repanda) forms a shrub or small tree which occurs widely in lowland forests of the North Island. In the South Island it is restricted to just the northern regions. Its large leaves are wavy edged, broad and leathery feeling with a white underside. Rangiora is also called 'bushman’s friend’ as the leaves can be used for writing or toiletry. Maori used the leaves to dress wounds and sores. They were also used to line food baskets and to wrap food such as eels for steaming. In September tiny creamy white flowers appear, clustered in large sprays. Tiny wind blown seeds, each with a parachute of fine hairs, are dispersed through summer. Brachyglottis is a genus of about 30 species found in Australia and New Zealand. We have 24 endemic species in New Zealand. Brachyglottis means 'short tongue', describing the flowers. Repanda means 'bent back', describing the irregularly undulating margins of the leaves. www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz COTTONWOOD RANGIORA 11 Fauna Notes A record year for kokako chicks Tiritiri's kokako population got a marvellous boost during the 2013-14 breeding season with seven females and four males successfully fledged. The 2013-14 breeding season is well and truly over and most of the birds have completed their post-breeding moult. We devote much of this issue of fauna notes to our kokako, who have had their most productive year ever. Kokako The best ever breeding season ended with 11 chicks successfully fledged and a possible total of 42 kokako on the Island. The success was tempered with a degree of failure, as three nests (two of them with well-grown chicks) were lost to predators, and one chick died shortly after fledging as a result of injury. But there was much for the kokako team to celebrate, as Crown and Pureora, Kikorangi and Mawhero and Takara and Aria all fledged chicks for the first time. Crown and Pureora’s daughter Discovery, named for the valuable support 360 Discovery have given to the kokako programme over the years, is especially welcome, as she is the first purely Waipapa bird to be raised on the Island. Provided she produces offspring herself, she will help to increase the genetic diversity of our small population. The same can be said, to a lesser degree, of Aquarius, whose mother Mawhero came from the Waipapa region. This season has almost completely restored the balance of the sexes amongst kokako on Tiritiri. We ended the 2012-13 breeding season with 18 males and 13 females. The latest season has ended with a possible 22 males and 20 females. These totals are not confirmed because we cannot be certain whether birds that haven’t been seen for a while are still alive. This year, for instance, we are wondering what has become of three of last year’s fledglings, Hunua, Rangiohua and Rangikata, who haven’t been seen for some months. We are not giving up on them, however. The welcome reappearance of Rimu, DISCOVERY Photo / Alison Bray who has been seen several times this season after being missing for more than two years, shows just how secretive these birds can be. We are hoping that this year’s new cohort of seven females and four males will make it through the winter and begin to find their own territories in 2014-15. Look out for them on your visits to the Island – the complete list, with band combinations, is in the table below. Takahe The season’s only chick is growing big and strong and is often seen with his/her parents, Te Mingi and Cheesecake, around the Lighthouse and Visitor Centre. Mahuika is often in her old haunts around the bunkhouse and ranger’s house. The remaining five birds – Mungo, Edge and daughter Anatori, and the relative newcomers Nohoa and Ranfurly – have been wandering far and wide and have been seen on the Kawerau Track, the Pa Track, the Ridge Road and in Bush 21. Whitehead In early April, a further 100 whiteheads were caught on Tiritiri and translocated to the Ark in the Park project in the Waitakere Ranges. The bands on the newly fledged kokako chicks are as follows. Bands on the bird’s left leg are given first, followed by the right. Band codes: M = metal, R = red, G = green, J = jade (pale green), W = white, Y = yellow Females Parents Bands Males Parents Bands Tiara Aria, Takara RM-WJ Hotu Lucky, Bariki RM-J Mere Te Rae, Chatters RM-YJ Taitoko Aria, Takara RM-JG Discovery Pureora, Crown GM-RY Whakatere Te Rae, Chatters RM-GY Awatea Lucky, Bariki RM-YW Bandit Phantom, Te Hari JM-G Hinerau Lucky, Bariki RM-JY Aquarius Mawhero, Kikorangi RM-GJ Narangi Rehu, Noel RM-WG 12 This is year four of a six-year programme to re-establish whiteheads in the Ark. As in previous years, the birds were caught in little more than a day, allowing the transfer and release to take place two days later. In previous years, the release has immediately brought to life a quiet forest as the birds celebrate their new-found freedom with song. However, on this occasion, the forest came to life whilst the new arrivals were awaiting release, when a resident flock of whiteheads occupied the surrounding trees, presumably attracted by the sounds from the transfer boxes. A few days after release, many whiteheads were seen in the vicinity of a nearby track, apparently heading in a northerly direction towards the heart of the predator-free area; encouraging signs for the future of these birds in the Waitakere Ranges. Saddleback The saddleback study has continued with more birds banded, especially juveniles from the 2013-14 breeding season. Look out for birds banded with orange and metal or yellow and metal on their left legs. John Stewart ([email protected]) would be very interested to hear of sightings of these and other colour-banded saddleback, which will help to build knowledge of how these birds disperse across the Island and across different habitats. Hihi Donal’s suspicions that a few fledglings from unknown natural nests (i.e. not in nest boxes) might turn up has proved correct. Young hihi without bands have been spotted in Wattle Valley and in Bush 21. Other birds In the last issue we reported that whitefronted terns had not nested in their usual locations in 2013-14, but there have been reports of some pairs breeding on the reef near the wharf. A spotted dove was seen and heard near the Visitor Centre during the autumn and at least one white-faced heron has been seen several times on the Island during April. Wetapunga Big things are happening in the invertebrate world as 150 wetapunga were released at a public event on 1 May. This is by far the largest number released on the Island at one time, and reflects the great success of Auckland Zoo in Dawn Chorus 97 May 2014 WELCOME (from left): Mere casts a wary eye the world: the newly banded Hinerau. breeding these charismatic insects in captivity. Butterflies It has been a good year for butterflies, with several red admirals seen on the Island and at least two sightings of Australian painted lady (Vanessa kershawi). Chris Green saw one at the northern end of the East Coast Track (where it overlooks Northeast Bay) on 26 February, and Heidrun Schinke saw and photographed one (see below) on the Lands and Survey Track on 25 March. The painted lady is an infrequent visitor to New Zealand. It likely depends on getting assistance from fast moving weather systems to cross the Tasman Sea. Although eggs can be laid by these visitors they are unable to survive our winters so the species dies out before the following spring. It is very common and widespread in Australia. Compiled by Kay Milton: information provided by Morag Fordham, Simon Fordham, Donal Smith, Chris Green and Heidrun Schinke.Photo: John Dowding www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz Photos / Sandra Whyte, Jim Eagles A place where the extraordinary becomes everyday This year's hihi researcher, Donal Smith from Dublin, has completed his term on the Island and he sends a farewell message about his time on Tiritiri Matangi. 'Donald?' 'No: Donal' 'Right, Donald' 'Doe-null' 'Daw-null?' 'No... ' Sigh. It’ll do. Five months on Tiritiri. I think that amounts to at least several thousand runs through of that conversation. A couple of hundred times lighting that bunkhouse cooker (masterfully, I might add – you saw me). Enough gallons of sugar water mixed to fill a swimming pool, which would, I guess, make for a sticky experience. These things become innumerable, and I prefer it that way. Because the really great things also become countless, routine, everyday. Of course my daily wanderings are backed by a saddleback soundtrack, obviously I have staring contests with moreporks, naturally I have late night heart-to-heart chats with the kiwis. Not to mention my encounters with the other kiwi, that peculiar breed that is the New Zealand human, indeed the even peculiarer (sic) sort that ends up on Tiritiri. Sometimes they come bearing beer, sometimes cake, occasionally even ice-cream (I still consider hokey pokey to be New Zealand’s finest achievement), but they always come with kindness and humour. I think there’s a lot in the kiwi psyche an Irishman can identify with. A subtly defiant independence, the product of having a neighbour that is bigger, louder, and brasher, but ultimately a little crass. I’ll enjoy more of that in the coming months, but my whirlwind romance with Tiritiri is sadly over. It ended the moment when, at half-past-three, I found myself standing on the ferry instead of the wharf. To be the one sliding away, watching Dave getting smaller as he waved, seemed somehow incongruous. When I first came to Tiritiri, I called it a triumph. I’m sticking to that line. It’s easy to take it all for granted. And that, in a way, is the point. All the planning, negotiation, dedication, research, outreach and hours upon hours of hard yakka has succeeded in a rare feat: that of making the extraordinary everyday. 13 Hand this to your kids – or pass it on to someone else’s kids – to enjoy a range of activities about Tiritiri Matangi Island Hi guys, Winter is just about here and the whiteheads are busy fattening up for the cold months ahead. Can you spot all 15 differences between the two pictures? Which tree species the whiteheads are feeding in? Have fun, Jo 14 Dawn Chorus 97 May 2014 Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Dawn Chorus is the quarterly newsletter of the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi (SoTM). We are a volunteer incorporated society working closely with the Department of Conservation to make the most of the wonderful conservation restoration project that is Tiritiri Matangi. Every year volunteers put thousands of hours into the project and raise funds through membership, guiding and also through our Island-based gift shop. For further information, visit www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz or contact P O Box 90-814 Victoria St West, Auckland SoTM Committee Chairperson: John Stewart [email protected] 09 428 4541 Secretary: Linda Worth [email protected] Treasurer: Kevin Vaughan Committee: Alison Bray, Roger Bray, Brian Chandler, Hester Cooper, Simon Fordham, Carl Hayson, Kay Milton, Ray Walter Guiding and shop manager: Mary-Ann Rowland [email protected] 09 476 0010 Membership: Annette and Malcolm de Raat [email protected] 09 817 9964 Educator: Barbara Hughes-Cleland [email protected] Fundraiser: Vincent Maire [email protected] Dawn Chorus editor: Jim Eagles [email protected] 09 445 2444 Island rangers: Dave Jenkins and Jason Campbell [email protected] 09 476 0920 Coming Events 10-11 May Supporters' non-working weekend 12 May 7.30pm Tiritiri Talk at Unitec 24 May 7.30pm Teams quiz competition at Onehunga Bowling Club. Enter as a team or join a team on the night. Register your interest with Mary-Ann. 31 May-2 June Queen's Birthday working weekend 1 June to 31 August Discounted ferry rates for SOTM members 8 June 8 Planters’ Day trip around the Island 26-17 July 26 Supporters’ Weekend 7 September Planters’ Day – trip around the Island 6-7 September Supporters’ Weekend 22 September Annual General Meeting 4-5 October Supporters’ Weekend 5 and 12 October Dawn Chorus trip. A chance to hear what ancient Aotearoa sounded like. Ferry leaves Gulf Harbour (ie not from the city) at 5am. Book with 360 Discovery Non-working weekends are led by guides who will show off the Island's special places. Reduced price on the ferry and half price in the bunkhouse. Children welcome. Working weekends are your chance to give the Island a hand. Travel is free, as is accommodation in the bunkhouse. Supporters’ Weekends must be booked through Mary-Ann at [email protected] Visiting Tiritiri Matangi Day trips: 360 Discovery runs a return ferry service every Wednesday through Sunday from Downtown Auckland and the Gulf Harbour Marina. Bookings are essential. Phone 0800 360 347 or visit www.360discovery.co.nz. Call 09 916 2241 after 7am on the day to confirm the vessel is running. School and tertiary institution visits: The Tiritiri education programme covers from level 1 (5-year-olds), to level 13 (17-18-year-olds), to tertiary students. The focus in the primary and secondary areas is on delivering the required Nature of Science and Living World objectives from the NZ Science Curriculum. At the senior biology level there are a number of NCEA Achievement Standards where support material and presentations are available. An exciting development in 2013 for senior students has been the implementation of the Draft Education for Sustainability (EFS) Achievement Standards that relate directly to Tiritiri. There is huge potential here in that these standards are cross-curricular and they may be used in various subject areas: science, economics, tourism, geography, religious education, marketing, health and physical education. The Island also provides a superb environment for creative writing and art www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz workshops. For tertiary students there is an opportunity for a generalised presentation on the Island or to look at population genetics. Groups wishing to visit Tiritiri Matangi should go to www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz/schoolvisits.htm or contact [email protected]. Bookings are essential. Overnight visits: Although camping is not permitted on the Island, there is limited bunkhouse accommodation available. Bookings are essential. For information on booking overnight visits, go to: www.doc.govt.nz/tiritiribunkhouse. Bookings can also be made by phoning the Department of Conservation's Warkworth Area Office on 09 425 7812, though an additional booking fee will apply. Volunteers who are undertaking official SoTM work can obtain accommodation at no charge but this must be booked through the Guiding and Shop Manager at guiding@tiritirimatangi. org.nz or 09 476 0010. Supporters' discount: SoTM members who wish to stay in a private capacity can get a discounted rate by booking through the Department of Conservation's Warkworth Area Office 09 425 7812. 15 Celebrate 25 years of SOTM with our special anniversary T-shirt This original design, featuring the irrepressible tieke, is available in men's and women's styles for just $36 Treat yourself to the new Tiritiri recipe book Only $15 including postage See the bird and buy the tee shirt Come and spend a day on Tiritiri Matangi Island, see the wonderful birdlife and the unspoiled forest, enjoy free tea and coffee, buy treasures for yourself and gifts for family and friends, and know that you have also supported an amazing conservation project Our shop has something for everyone, including nature books, ceramics, bags, puzzles, jewellery, soft toys, works of art, natural beauty products and so much more For more information see www.tiritirimatangi.org.nz ring 09 476 0010 or email [email protected] Eftpos and credit cards accepted Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi PO Box 90 814 Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 Packed with delicious recipes, entertaining stories and information about the island's flora and fauna, supplemented with beautiful line drawings and photos. Thanks to the generous support of the book's advertisers – Xelocity Limited, Earth Energies, Kokako Cafe, Nestle, Harraways and Rod Vickery Gasfitting – proceeds will go towards the Island's conservation and education programmes. New Zealand Permit No. 243683