Basic research could lead to fertility improvements

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Basic research could lead to fertility improvements, says Cambridge scientist Dr Melina Schuh
By CambridgeNews (http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/people/CambridgeNews/profile.html) | Posted: February 17, 2015
By Freya Leng
Dr Melina Schuh, LMB scientist
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The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge is one of the world's leading
medical research institutes.
Based in a state-of-the-art building on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, next to Addenbrooke's Hospital, LMB scientists are studying
biology on a tiny scale, with the goal of understanding complex biological processes
, such as how cells divide, the immune system and the brain.
This molecular knowledge is key to solving human health problems like cancer, asthma and Alzheimer's disease and shows the importance of fundamental science to improving human health.
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One area scientists are investigating is helping us to understand pregnancy loss and disorders such as Down's syndrome.
Dr Melina Schuh has been a scientific group leader at the LMB since 2009.
She and her group are researching how fertilisable eggs develop in mammals, and what happens when the egg fails to develop properly. Miscarriages and genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome are often caused by errors when the egg develops
from a more basic cell called an oocyte.
"Almost all human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one half of a pair comes from the egg cell, the other half from a sperm cell," said Dr Schuh.
"To become a fertilisable egg, an oocyte cell has to separate away and remove chromosomes, so that after fertilisation the embryo will end up with the right number of chromosomes.
"Most egg defects come from problems during this chromosome separation, which can result in embryos that have the wrong number of chromosomes.
"Defects in chromosome separation in oocytes are the leading causes of miscarriages, and several genetic disorders such as Down's Syndrome. Despite the huge importance of this process, our current understanding of it is still very limited."
She added: "My group is trying to understand the causes of these defects. We are using cutting edge
microscopy techniques to study the oocyte cells, and analyse how they develop into eggs.
"With the powerful scientific tools available at the LMB, we are finding what controls this development. Our long-term goal is to identify and analyse mechanisms that lead to abnormal eggs and pregnancy loss in mammals and we hope that our research will help to improve or develop
new fertility treatments in the future. I think this emphasises the value of publically funded medical research."
To help the public understand the process of cell division, an exhibition ‘Lens on Life’ is displaying works of art in London’s Lethaby Gallery.
These art works were developed by unique collaborations between artists and scientists and Dr Melina Schuh was paired with the porcelain and glass artist Rob Kesseler.
‘Lens on Life’ is running until February 27.
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