Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Planning at Georgia Tech

Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Planning
at Georgia Tech:
Existing and Future Implementations of
Recommended Technologies
and Systems
CEE 6602 / CP 6311 Final Project Presentation
December 11, 2014
Sarasija Cheruvu
Soleen Karim
Tyler Martin
Hoki Tse
Binyu Wang
AGENDA
Introduction
Electric Vehicles at Georgia Tech, in Atlanta, and Georgia
Georgia Tech Inventory
Literature Review
Cost Analysis
Stakeholder Considerations
Recommendations and Challenges
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Goals
To assess existing EV infrastructure at Georgia Tech
To analyze charging station locations and usage on campus
To recommend implementations of new EV charging stations and
infrastructure for personal vehicles
Scope of Work
Georgia Tech
Midtown Atlanta
FUTURE EV DEMAND
Source: InsideEVs Website
(insideevs.com/cumulative-us-plug-electric-vehicle-sales-model-model-breakdown-market-share-data-november-2014/)
EV CHARGER TYPES
Charging
Level
Equipment
Power
Supply
Charger
Power
Time to
Fully Charge
Total Cost
Level I
Special Cord:
Commercial Etrucks equipped
with cord
120 V
1.4 kW
17 hours
$200
Level II
Requires two
charging
stations and
software
240 V
3.3-6.6
kW
3.5-7 hours
$4000-$5000
DC Fast
Charge
(Level II)
Generally
limited to
public or
commercial
charging
stations
440 V
45 kW
<1 hour
$16,500
Source: DriveClean California Plug-in Electric Vehicle Resource Center
(http://driveclean.ca.gov/images/pev/charge_times_chart_lg.jpg)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Nitrogen dioxide pollution decrease in Atlanta, averaged yearly from 2005-2011
Image Source: NASA Website
(http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/new-nasa-images-highlight-us-air-quality-improvement/#.U7095vldXpX%29)
ATLANTA CONTEXT
Atlanta is #2 in EV sales
2.15% of all car sales were EVs in 2014
Georgia tax incentive of $5,000 for zero emission vehicle
Over 200 chargers in Metro
Atlanta Area
12 DC Fast Charging Sites
(Orange placemarks)
Image Source: Electrify Atlanta (http://www.electrifyatlanta.com/EVSE-map.pdf)
Source: Electrify Atlanta; InsideEVs Website
(http://insideevs.com/atlanta-now-2-market-plug-electric-vehicle-sales-us/)
GEORGIA TECH CONTEXT
Georgia Tech and Recharge Solutions Int'l LLC (RSI) worked
together on a pilot project to install EV chargers on
December 5, 2011
PTS replaced with ChargePoint chargers
Two dual-port charging stations installed
on January 3rd, 2014
31 EV Charging Spaces
27 Public; 4 Private
Only 4 are Level II chargers
(all public)
Source: Georgia Tech PTS
PERMIT OWNERSHIP
BY PARKING LOT/DECK
Top 3:
W02 (Student Center)
E81 (Technology Square)
W23 (North Deck)
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
ESTIMATED EV OWNERSHIP
BY PARKING LOT/DECK
Top 3:
E40 (Klaus)
W23 (North Deck)
3rd Place Tie: W10 (CRC) and E81 (Technology Square)
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
TOTAL VEHICLE OWNERSHIP
DEMOGRAPHIC
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
ESTIMATED EV OWNERSHIP
DEMOGRAPHIC
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
EV CHARGING STATION
UTILIZATION
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
DURATION PER EACH CHARGE
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
CURRENT EV CHARGING LOCATIONS
ON CAMPUS
Level I Charging Outlets
Klaus (E40): 10
CRC (W10): 1
North Deck (W23): 16
Wardlaw Garage at Bobby Dodd
Stadium (E48): 4 (Private only)
Level II Chargers
Technology Square (E81):
2 Dual-port chargers
(4 spaces total)
Source: Georgia Tech PTS
CURRENT EV CHARGING STATIONS
ON CAMPUS
Image Source: Georgia Tech PTS
CURRENT AND PLANNED EV
CHARGING STATIONS ON CAMPUS
Image Source: Georgia Tech PTS
COST ANALYSIS
Cost for Permit Owners
EV decal costs an extra $50
Cost of new chargers to GT PTS (with Georgia Environmental
Finance Authority’s (GEFA) Charge Georgia grant):
Location
Quantity
Total Cost
Grant
Area 1
2
$9600 + $1700
$5650
Area 3
1
$5000 + $1700
$3350
Area 3
1 or 2
$5000 or 9600 + $1700
$3350
Area 4
3
$14200 + $1700
$7950
W23
2
$9600 + $1700
$5650
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
LITERATURE REVIEW
EV Charging, Infrastructure, and Service Vehicle Fleet
at Other Universities
EV Benefits: Cost Savings, Environmental, Emissions,
Health
Review of EVs in Atlanta and Midtown
EV Market and Workforce Demand
EV Parking Infrastructure Deployment
EV INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAMS
AT OTHER UNIVERSITIES
Surveys sent to 8 universities
Responses received from UGA and Towson only
UGA
Level II Chargers
ChargePoint and Hannah Solar
Towson University
Valid Towson permit
ChargePoint
University of California at Davis
Plug-in Hybrid and Electric Vehicle (PHEV) research center
EV Explorer website
Sources: Personal Surveys; UC Davis PHEV Website (http://phev.ucdavis.edu/)
STAKEHOLDERS
Georgia Tech students, faculty and staff
Georgia Tech Parking and Transportation Services
Georgia Tech Facilities Management
ChargePoint
Nearby Businesses at Midtown
Other local and government entities with interests in EVs
RECOMMENDATIONS
Promoting EV Usage with Incentives
Benefiting from Statewide Grant Opportunities
Upgrading Georgia Tech Fleet
Improving Current EV Infrastructure
Expanding Campus EV Charging Infrastructure
Partnering with Nearby Businesses
Strengthening EV Charging Regulations
PROMOTING EV USAGE
WITH INCENTIVES
Incentives can promote EV use on campus
Discounted price on parking permits
Choice of parking location on campus
Charging at EV stations for discounted price
BENEFITING FROM STATEWIDE
GRANT OPPORTUNITIES
Incentives for universities like Georgia Tech to implement
EV infrastructure
PTS applied for the Georgia Environmental Finance
Authority’s (GEFA) Charge Georgia grant at the beginning of
October 2014
PTS prioritized five
different locations on
campus by importance
Provides up to half of the
total charger costs up to
$40,000
Image Source: http://evnewsreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/IMG_0594-M.jpg
Source: Georgia Tech PTS; GEFA Website (http://gefa.georgia.gov/charge-georgia)
UPGRADING GEORGIA TECH FLEET
Stingerette
Current fleet consists of 8 vehicles: Ford Ecoline Wagon; Chevrolet
Uplander; Ford Windstar
Possible EV replacements: Nissan e-NV200 Van; Zenith Motors Vans;
Ford Transit Connect Van
Other GT PTS Vehicles
Current fleet: 26 vehicles
for permit monitoring,
staff driveabouts, etc
(6 Electric golf carts)
Many options for possible
EV replacements
Source: Georgia Tech PTS; Nissan Website (http://www.env200.com/)
“SCAVENGER HUNT” AT
KLAUS PARKING LOT
IMPROVING CURRENT EV
INFRASTRUCTURE
Group outlets together
Ideally close to building entrances and exits
Extra value to EV drivers
Current “Reserved Space”
(only available to faculty
and staff) costs $750 extra
Source: Georgia Tech PTS
EXPANDING CURRENT
EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
Additional(+) and New Level II Chargers at:
E40(+)
E52
ER53
ER54
ER66
W02
W10(+)
W21
W23(+)
WR30
Number of new chargers to be installed at each location can
be forecasted by conducting in-depth parking surveys and
focus groups
Data Source: Georgia Tech PTS
EV INFRASTRUCTURE
EXPANSION MAP
PARTNERING WITH
NEARBY BUSINESSES
Utilizing resources around
campus to benefit both
students and public
Recommended Partnerships
Publix (underground lot)
Wells Fargo
Engineer’s Bookstore
IKEA
Nissan “No Charge to Charge”
program provides Nissan Leaf
car owners (purchased after
Nov 1, 2014) to charge for free
at participating locations
Source: Nissan Press Release
(http://nissannews.com/en-US/nissan/usa/releases/nissan-offers-free-public-charging-for-new-leaf-buyers-in-atlanta)
STRENGTHING EV CHARGING
REGULATIONS
Enforcement Difficulties
EV-only decal faces the wall;
difficult to spot infringements
instantly
Recommendation: Provide special
EV decal to all registered EVs
to stick on rear windshield
Patrol Frequency
Level II chargers require much less
time to charge; Higher circulation
Recommendation: Enforce policies
to tow cars after a certain time
upon charging completion
CHALLENGES
Improving Current Infrastructure
Klaus: Circuits and outlets may have certain limitations
Partnering with Nearby Businesses
Businesses may be unwilling to partner with us
Need to present potential business benefits
Possible free installations at businesses
Strengthening Regulations
24/7 PTS enforcement is unrealistic
Amend Standard Operating Procedures to include special
EV-related enforcement guidelines
Upgrading Fleet
Current State of Georgia policy only allows GT to purchase
certain types of vehicles
Possible ME research projects to convert fleet into EVs
Source: Georgia Tech PTS
CONCLUSION
GT PTS needs to keep up with EV infrastructure demands
based on Atlanta EV sales
New regulations must be considered as EVs become more
popular
GT PTS needs new sources of funding (Nearby businesses,
interest groups, grants, etc.)
Georgia Tech should use existing parking infrastructure to
facilitate EV implementation
Additional Explorations and Recommendations
Buses and Trolleys
Fleet infrastructure
Parking surveys and focus groups
Thank You!
Questions?