Marie Curie - Department of Chemistry [FSU]

Marie
Curie
1867
‐
1934
Nobel
prize
in
Physics,
1903
(jointly
with
Pierre
Curie
and
Henri
Becquerel)
Nobel
prize
in
Chemistry,
1911
Presented
by
Penny
J.
Gilmer,
Ph.
D,
D.
Sc.Ed.
Professor
Emerita
Florida
State
University
January
18,
2011
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
1
Manya
Sklodowska’s
childhood
Parents
were
teachers
Birthplace:
Warsaw,
Poland
Three
sisters
&
one
brother
Manya’s
mother
died
of
TB
Oldest
sister,
Zosia,
died
of
typhus
•  Manya,
a
brilliant,
serious
student
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
2
Young
adulthood
as
governess
•  Decided
to
work
to
earn
money
so
Bronya
could
move
to
Paris
and
study
medicine
•  At
18,
became
a
governess
in
a
home
in
country
•  Bronya
promised
to
pay
for
Marie
to
come
to
Paris,
once
she
graduated
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
3
Marie
Sklodowska
to
Paris
to
study
•  Photo
taken
(Marie
on
le])
before
she
moved
to
Paris
at
age
25,
to
study
at
the
Sorbonne
•  Paris
was
free
while
Poland
was
under
Russian
rule
•  Student
in
the
Faculty
of
Science
at
last,
taking
physics
&
mathemaPcs
•  IniPally,
lived
with
sister,
Bronya,
and
brother‐in‐law,
then
moved
to
cold
flat
by
self,
in
LaPn
Quarter
to
study
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
4
Meets
French
physicist
Pierre
Curie
•  VisiPng
professor
from
Germany
introduced
Marie
to
Pierre
who
worked
at
another
university
and
had
room
for
Marie
to
do
experiments
•  He
gave
her
copy
of
arPcle
of
his,
“On
symmetry
in
physical
phenomena:
Symmetry
of
an
electric
field
and
of
a
magnePc
field”
•  He
wrote
her:
“…of
her
patrioPc
dream,
our
humanitarian
dream,
and
our
scienPfic
dream”
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
5
Married
at
27,
and
first
child,
Irene,
at
29
•  SPll
to
work
on
her
doctoral
work
•  Henri
Becquerel,
her
major
professor,
followed
up
on
Roentgen’s
discovery
of
X‐rays—Becquerel
found
spontaneous
emission
of
rays
from
uranium
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
6
Marie
used
Pierre’s
quartz
piezoélectrique
to
measure
radioacPvity
•  Measured
“power
of
ionizaPon”
using
equipment
that
Pierre
and
his
brother,
Jacques,
had
discovered
earlier
•  Wondered
about
source
of
the
energy
and
realized
it
came
from
the
atom
•  Coined
term
“radioacPvity”
•  Studied
“all
known
chemical
bodies”;
new
elements
more
radioacPve
than
U
or
Th;
discovered
polonium
and
radium
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
7
Periodic
table
•  Marie
discovered
radioacPvity
in…
–  Thorium
(independently
discovered
by
another
too)
–  Polonium
(named
a]er
naPve
country,
Poland)
–  Radium
(radiates
light,
so
radioacPve)
•  Po
and
Ra,
new
elements,
discovered
in
pitchblende,
using
radioacPvity
emiqed
to
follow
their
purificaPon
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
8
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics
in
1903
“The
prize
was
divided,
one
half
being
awarded
to:
•  ANTOINE
HENRI
BECQUEREL
in
recogniPon
of
the
extraordinary
services
he
has
rendered
by
his
discovery
of
spontaneous
radioacPvity
the
other
half
jointly
to:
•  PIERRE
CURIE
and
MARIE
CURIE
(SKLODOWSKA),
in
recogniPon
of
the
extraordinary
services
they
have
rendered
by
their
joint
researches
on
the
radiaPon
phenomena
discovered
by
Professor
Henri
Becquerel.”
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
9
Few
years
a]er
Nobel…
•  Had
second
child,
Eve,
in
1904
•  Pierre
was
made
a
professor
•  Pierre
died
tragically
in
accident,
1906
•  A]er
his
death,
although
very
difficult,
Marie
assumed
his
professorship
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
10
nd
Photo
a]er
her
2 Nobel
prize
•  In
1911,
received
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry
“in
recogniPon
of
her
services
to
the
advancement
of
chemistry
by
the
discovery
of
the
elements
radium
and
polonium,
by
the
isola4on
of
radium
and
the
study
of
the
nature
and
compounds
of
this
remarkable
element”
•  She
was
first
woman
to
receive
a
Nobel
prize,
and
first
person
to
receive
two
Nobel
prizes
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
11
Another
highlight
of
Marie’s
life
•  During
WWI
she
brought
X‐rays
to
the
field
to
treat
soldiers
•  She
taught
her
older
daughter,
Irene,
then
18,
about
radiaPon
during
WWI;
in
1935,
Irene
received
Nobel
prize
in
Chemistry
with
her
husband,
Frederic
Joliet‐
Curie,
for
discovering
induced
radioacPvity
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
12
Book
references
•  Madame
Curie,
by
Eve
•  Obsessive
Genius:
The
Curie
(1937)
Inner
World
of
Marie
Curie,
by
Barbara
Goldsmith
•  Scien4sts
in
Power,
by
(2005)
Spencer
Weart
(1979)
•  The
Curies:
A
Biography
of
•  Marie
Curie,
by
Susan
the
Most
Controversial
Quinn
(1995)
Family
in
Science,
by
Denis
•  Crea4ve
Couples
in
the
Brian
(2005)
Sciences,
by
Helena
Pycior,
Nancy
Slack,
and
•  The
Madame
Curie
Complex:
The
Hidden
Pnina
Abir‐Am
(1996)
History
of
Women
in
Science,
by
Julie
Des
Jardins
(2010)
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
13
Upcoming
Symposium
on
Marie
Curie
•  At
the
AAAS
Annual
MeePng
in
Washington,
DC
on
February
18,
2011,
Penny
Gilmer
has
organized
a
symposium
honoring
Marie
Curie,
with
three
excellent
speakers:
–  Patricia
Baisden:
Marie
Curie,
the
Premier
Chemist,
Co‐Discoverer
of
RadiaPon
and
RadioacPvity
–  Pnina
Abir‐Am
:
Historical
PerspecPves
on
the
Public
Memory
of
Marie
S.
Curie
(2011,
1911)
–  Julie
Des
Jardins
:
The
Marie
Curie
Complex:
The
Hidden
History
of
Women
in
Science
InternaPonal
Year
of
Chemistry
Networking
Breakfast,
Florida
State
University
14