Chemlight-Chemistry department newsletter

CHEMLIGHTCHEMLIGHT The chemistry news letter from CHEMIKARs
DEPARTME*T OF CHEMISTRY, SCHOOL OF SCIE*CE A*D HUMA*ITIES,
KARU*YA U*IVERSITY, COIMBATORE- 641 114
MARCH, 2012
ECOTOXICOLOGY
–
An
Article
As the word means The ‘ecotoxicology’ is the
study of effect of toxic chemicals in biological
organisms especially at the population,
community, ecosystem level. This field integrats
toxicology and ecology.
The ultimate and important goal of this study is
to predict the effects of pollutions so that the
most efficient and effective action can be
identified to remediate any of the detrimental
effects.
To specify some studies in this area we have to
draw our attention to aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems. As a chemists we know, how much
and how many chemicals we are using for our
research works as well as our day to day life.
Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are under
threat world wide from contaminants reland
through human activities such as mining,
agriculture, urban and industrial development.
This has lead to, increasing expectation that we
protect our valuable ecosystems resources
through sound management and regulation of
contaminant issues.
All these researches mainly works on
characterising threats of acids, sulphates and
other chemicals in soil, characterising major
chemical spills for industries and provides
expert advice to formal inquiries.
We as chemists have to be aware of the harmful
effect of chemicals to the environment. Thus its
our duty to save earth for the generations ahead.
Remember ‘Prevention Is Better Than Cure’
-JYOTHI C MARY,
Reg.no: 09EC004
II MSc CHEMISTRY,
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Element Crossword Puzzles
Questions:
Known to the Ancients...
Across
3. Too soft for most tools, early people
learned that this metal could be strengthened
if it was alloyed with tin or zinc.
4. The ancient Romans used this metal to
make water pipes.
5. Brass, a corrosion resistant alloy, is a mix of
copper and this metal.
8. The ancient Egyptians made black eye
make-up with this element.
9. A pale yellow material, this element can be
found near volcanoes and hot springs.
11. The cheapest and most abundant of all
metals, people have been using this element
for at least 5,000 years.
Down
1. This liquid metal has been found in 3,500
year old Egyptian tombs.
2. Commonly found as coal or soot.
6. Although known to the ancients, this metal
was often confused with lead and tin.
7. A soft, valuable metal, its purity is measured
in carats.
9. Frequently used in jewelry, this metal is the
best conductor of heat and electricity.
10. Bronze, the fi rst alloy created by people, is
a mix of copper and this metal.
Mr. Pramod
Research scholar
(Answers in the 4th page)
Chemistry in everyday life
Why do onions make you cry?
When you cut an onion, you break cells,
releasing their contents. Amino acid sulfoxides
form sulfenic acids. Enzymes that were kept
separate now are free to mix with the sulfenic
acids to produce propanethiol s-oxide, a
volatile sulfur compound that wafts upward
toward your eyes. This gas reacts with the
water in your tears to form sulfuric acid. The
sulfuric acid burns, stimulating your eyes to
release more tears to wash the irritant away.
How soap cleans?
Soap is an emulsifier. Soaps are sodium or
potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the
hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called
saponification. Each soap molecule has a long
hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its 'tail',
with a carboxylate 'head'. In water, the
sodium or potassium ions float free, leaving a
negatively-charged head. An emulsifier is
capable of dispersing one liquid into another
immiscible liquid. This means that while oil
(which attracts dirt) doesn't naturally mix with
water, soap can suspend oil/dirt in such a way
that it can be removed
2|Page
G.USHA, PR11CH1009
I MSC.CHEMISTRY
Biography of KELVIN KENNETH OGILVIE
KENNETH OGILVIE
Organ
Synthesised (RNA) and invented the drug
“Ganciclovir”
"The more we understand the world around us
at the molecular level, the greater the role of
chemistry in helping us further unravel life's
secrets and bring opportunities including
better health and nutrition to all societies."
Biography
Ogilvie is a leading expert on biotechnology,
bioorganic chemistry and genetic engineering.
He developed the “Gene Machine” (1980), an
automated process for the manufacture of
DNA, which made it possible to build DNA
sequences in a matter of hours rather than in
months. He is the author of 12 patents
including one for Ganciclovir, a drug used
worldwide to fight infections that occur when
one’s immune system is weakened.
Ogilive also developed a general method for
the chemical synthesis of large RNA
molecules, demonstrated by the first total
chemical synthesis of a functional Transfer
RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is still the basis
for RNA synthesis worldwide. Ganciclovir is
one
such
drug.
It
kills
CMV
(Cytomegalovirus) a type of herpes that
attacks people with weakened immune
systems such as AIDs, organ transplant and
cancer patients.
Mr. Pramod
Research scholar
GREE* CHEMISTRY
The most widely accepted definition of green
chemistry is “the design, development
and implementation of chemical processes and
products to reduce or eliminate substances
hazardous
to
environment.”
human
This
health
and
definition
has
the
been
expanded into 12 principles listed as following
1. It is better to prevent waste than treat or
renewable
rather
than
depleting
whenever technically and economically
practical.
8. Unnecessary derivatization (blocking
group,
protection/deprotection,
temporary
modification
of
physical/chemical processes) should be
avoided whenever possible.
9. Catalytic reagents (as selective as
possible) are superior to stoichiometric
clean up waste after it is formed.
2. Synthetic methods should be designed to
reagents.
maximize the incorporation of all materials
10. Chemical products should be designed
used in the process into the final product.
so that at the end of their function they
(Preventing waste)
do not persist in the environment and
3. Wherever
practicable,
synthetic
methodologies should be designed to
use
and
generate
substances
that
possess little or no toxicity to human
health and the environment.
products.
11. Analytical methodologies need to be
further developed to allow for real-time
in-process monitoring and control prior
4. Chemical products should be designed
to preserve efficacy of function while
reducing toxicity.
to
the
formation
of
hazardous
substances.
12. Substances and the form of a substance
5. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g.
solvents, separation agents) should be
made unnecessary whenever possible
and, innocuous when used.
6. Energy
break down into innocuous degradation
requirements
used in a chemical process should be
chosen so as to minimize the potential
for
chemical
accidents,
including
releases, explosion and fires.
should
be
recognized for their environmental and
-Sameena Yousuf
economic impacts
Research scholar
and
should be
minimized. Synthetic methods should
be conducted at ambient temperature
and pressure.
7. A raw material feedstock should be
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I AM PRECIOUS - GOLD
My name is gold people in all over the
world consider me a precios one.I am
the only material who got most
coinage awards.Ya,I am precious but
you know why am precious? Its
because I am not oxidised like any
other metal in air.So I have the ever
lasting lusture of my surface.
It will be amazed to hear that I am not
even affected by the “king of chemicals
“-sulphuric acid .he may be the king of
chemical but he cant do anything to
me.
You know I am very use ful in medicinal
field also,they use me as an injection as
a means of help to reduce the pain and
swelling of rhumatoid arthritis and
tuberculosis,not only this ,it will take a
long time to say my applications in this
field. I am also very vastly used in
electrnics,food
and
drinks,industies....and many other
areas.
But friends, do you know ,who am I?
From where I came ?i think you may
not .let me tell you.
I have been known and used by
artisanssince the chalcolithic .I
appeared from the 4th millamium bc.i
was described by the king of egypt as
in egypt I was found more than
dirt.egypt and especially nubia had the
resources to make the major goldproducing areas for much of the
history.
4|Page
You know, in Roman metallurgy they
found out a new method to extract me
in large scaleby introducing a hydroulic
mining in 25 BC.
Now adays poeple are cheated intead
of me by Lead.you know pure am the
easier to it shuold be mark.Thus you
can be cheated cause, lead he is softer
than me.
In 1965,the caliphornia legislature
designated me as “the state mineral
and mineralogical emblem and in 1968
,the alaska legislatuere named me as
“the official state mineral” .
Now you may be understand why am I
very precious! There are many more
reasons for it . I just told only the main
reasons and I am not interested to bost
myself.....
LIKHA CHA*DRA*
PR11CH1005
I MSc.CHEMISTRY
Answers to the puzzles
3- Copper (Cu)
4 Lead (Pb)
5 Zinc (Zn)
8 Antimony (Sb)
9 Sulphur (S)
11 Iron (Fe)
1 Mercury (Hg)
2 Carbon (C)
6 Arsenic (As)
7 Gold (Au)
9 Silver (Ag)
10 Tin(Sn)
JACOBUS HE*RICUS VA* 'T HOFF
theoretical chemistry since Dalton's time. With
regard to atomic theory van 't Hoff, following
an idea put forward by Pasteur, advanced the
hypothesis that the elementary atoms have
attachment points geometrically oriented in
space - a hypothesis which in so far as carbon
compounds are concerned led to the theory of
the asymmetry of carbon atoms and to the
founding
1901 - Awarded First Nobel Chemistry Prize
-in recognition of the extraordinary services
he has rendered by the discovery of the laws
of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in
of
stereochemistry.
Still more revolutionary were van 't Hoff's
discoveries in the field of molecular theory.
van 't Hoff's investigations showed that the
law, which has been named after the Italian
Avogadro, according to which the number of
solutions.
gas molecules in a given volume is the same
Background
for all gases at the same pressure and
•
•
•
August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911
Affiliation: Berlin University, Germany
Biographical highlights:
o 1874 - Received Doctor's
degree from University of
Utrecht
o 1876 - Appointed Professor of
Chemistry, Mineralogy, and
Geology at University of
Amsterdam
o 1885 - Appointed member of
Royal Netherlands Academy of
Sciences
o 1896 - Appointed Honorary
Professor at Berln University
temperature, embraces not only substances in
the gaseous phase but also those in solution,
provided that their pressure, known as osmotic
pressure, is taken into account in the same way
as the gas pressure in the case of gases. He
proved that gas pressure and osmotic pressure
are identical, and thereby that the molecules
themselves in the gaseous phase and in
solutions are also identical. He also discovered
how
to
express
the
state
of
chemical
equilibrium in reactions and the electromotive
Work Abstract:
force which a reaction can produce; he
He worked on chemical dynamics and osmotic
explained how the transition occurs between
pressure
the various modifications of the elements,
in
solutions.
As a result of his investigations in the fields of
between hydrates of differing water contents,
atomic and molecular theory van 't Hoff has
how double salts are formed, etc.
made the most important discoveries in
5|Page
-Dr. *. Ananthi
Assistant Professor
Molecule of the monthHydramethylnon
Chemical Industry - ORCHID
Established in 1992 as an export-oriented unit
(EOU), Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals
Ltd. (Orchid) is a vertically integrated
company spanning the entire pharmaceutical
value chain from discovery to delivery with
established
credentials
in
research,
manufacturing and marketing. Orchid today
rank among the top 15 pharmaceutical
companies in India and enjoy a multitherapeutic presence across segments like antiinfectives, anti-inflammatory, central nervous
system (CNS), cardio vascular segment (CVS),
nutraceuticals and other oral and sterile
products.
Hydramethylnon is an insecticide used
primarily in baits for cockroaches and ants—
notably fire ants. Since 1908, the US
Environmental Protection Agency has
registered 28 commercial insecticides that
contain hydramethylnon, including some with
such descriptive names as Wipeout and Siege.
Hydramethylnon is practically nontoxic to
mammals, birds, and honeybees. It is highly
toxic to some freshwater fish, but exposure is
rarely a problem because it decomposes
rapidly in water.
Cephalosporins
Their pharmaceutical solutions include active
pharmaceutical ingredients (API), finished
dosage forms, new drug discovery (NDD),
novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) and
contract research and manufacturing services
(CRAMS).
-Dr. *. Ananthi
-Dr. N.Ananthi
Assistant Professor
6|Page
Assistant Professor
Quiz:
1)Which element derives its symbol from the
Latin word, aurum, which means 'shining
dawn'?
a) Aluminum
d) Silver
b)Americium c)Gold
5)
To which group this animal belongs to?
2) Chemical reactions create and break
down...
a)Proton Orbitals b)Chemical Bonds c)
Atomic Nuclei d) None of the Above
3) Which element best characterizes an
organic compound?
clue: It has three pairs of
reason is not a bird,
mammal—which are all
butterfly in this picture is
fritillary butterfly (Brenthis
inhabits central Europe
-
a) oxygen b) Carbon c) Hydrogen d) Nitrogen
4) Atoms with the largest atomic radius are
located where?
a)At the top of their group
b) In the middle of their group
c) At the bottom of their group
d) You cannot predict atomic radium by
location within a group
7|Page
legs and for this
amphibian, or
tetrapods. The
a lesser-marbled
ino). This species
Mr. Pramod kumar
Research scholar
8|Page