Hampstead Homeowner`s Guide for Natural Resources And Best

Hampstead Homeowner’s Guide
for
Natural Resources
And Best Management Practices
Michelle M. Nadeau
Introduction
The Hampstead Homeowner’s Guide To Natural Resources and Best Management
Practices was developed for a thesis project and written for the use of the citizens of
Hampstead, NH. The guide is intended to help homeowners make sustainable natural
resource decisions for individual homes and for the whole community. Like many
southern NH communities, Hampstead has grown at a dramatic rate since the mid
1950’s. The population of Hampstead has increased to approximately 8700 citizens
according to the 2004 U.S Census. The protection and conservation of Hampstead’s
natural and cultural resources is very important because of the population increases in
town coupled with the additional increase expected with the widening of I-93.
This guide will address natural resources in their current state and provide
information to residents to aid in their increased understanding of conservation and
protection of Hampstead’s natural resource assets. Some of the measures are generic to
any town however this guide does contain community specific details and related
curriculum materials for k-12 students and adult education. Many of the areas in the guide
address natural resource concerns from the Master Plan Advisory Committee Survey and
hope to provide an educational component to the community.
M. Nadeau
1
Homeowner’s Guide to Natural Resource and
Best Management Practices- Hampstead, NH
Table of Contents
Water…………………………………………………………………………………..p.4
Hampstead Water Sources
Water Conservation
Preventing Contamination-Point and Non-Point Source Pollution
Potable Well Water and Water Testing…………………………………….p.8
Natural minerals found in Hampstead water
Water treatments
Septic Systems
Typical systems and maintenance
Ecologically sensitive areas
Waste Management………………………………………………………………p.11
Household waste disposal
Recycling
Best Management Practices for the Lawn and Garden………………p.13
Fertilizer
Sustainable Steps
Integrated Pest Management
Links
Naturally Occurring Species and Habitats Within Hampstead……..p.27
Examples of Important Habitat
Habitat of Rare Wildlife Species
Un-fragmented Lands and Ecologically Sensitive Areas
Riparian Areas & Shorelines
2
Table of Contents continued…
Swamps and Wetlands
Other Unique or Critical Habitats
Prevalent Species
Habitat and Inhabitants
Invasive Exotic Species on Land and in the Water………………p.38
NH DES Map
Natural Resource Volunteerism Opportunities in Hampstead…….p.39
“A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by
his fathers but borrowed from his children.
Audubon Society
3
Hampstead Water Sources
Hampstead residents rely on drilled or dug wells (groundwater) for the majority of their
drinking water. Other potable water sources are private community wells and the
Hampstead Water Company (HWC). Many residents use the water company if
contaminants or high minerals are present in existing systems or they happen to live on or
near one of the HWC water mains.
With an increase in population, demands on potable water will increase. It is important to
think about the amount of water one needs and the amount of water one wastes.
Unfortunately, water is a finite resource and an aquifer takes a lot of time to re-charge.
The average Hampstead and U.S citizen resident uses 100 gallons of water a day. The
population of Hampstead is approximately 8700. Groundwater moves, up and down and
side to side like underground rivers. The groundwater is recharged by precipitation. From
the source map one can see that Hampstead has a limited number of aquifers to draw
from, shown in beige.
4
Aquifers Within Hampstead
UNH Granit
5
Where water comes from
The water we drink comes from ground and surface water. In Hampstead, precipitation seeps
into the ground, runs off to our lakes and steams, or is absorbed by plants. The water that
penetrates the ground recharges our groundwater. The water that evaporates continues the cycle
and returns to the atmosphere.
When the water reaches the earth’s surface, some of it will flow along the surface of the earth as
runoff while the rest of it soaks into the soil--called recharge. Down, down the water goes
through the soil until it becomes groundwater and is stored in the aquifer below. Recharge can
be a slow process and to date there is no current data for Hampstead’s aquifer recharge rate and
time.
Once the water has joined the aquifer, it doesn’t stop there. The groundwater slowly moves
through the spaces and cracks between the soil particles on its journey to lower elevations. This
movement of water underground is called groundwater flow. Eventually, after years of
underground movement, the groundwater comes to a discharge area where it enters a lake or
stream. There, the water will once again be evaporated and begin the cycle again.
Water has been transported through the water cycle for millions of years and will continue this
cycle forever.
6
Hampstead Area Water Company Well Heads and Mains
Information
for
naturally
occurring
elements
information
can
be
found
at
www.hampsteadwater.com. Also you at this site you can find conservation measures
that are suggested for all and mandatory for those who obtain water from the Hampstead
Area Water Company. The company will be undergoing a system wide capacity
assessment in 2007-2008.
7
Water Conservation
Because Hampstead’s groundwater availability is a finite resource, water conservation is
encouraged. What does this mean for the homeowner? Do you use 100 gallons of water
per day? More? Challenge the habitants of your home, keep track, and see if you can
reduce your water use. Simple things you can do include turning off the faucets while you
brush your teeth, taking shorter showers and fewer baths. Use low flow toilets and faucet
fixtures. Go to the car wash to wash your car. This will be easier on your well and most
car washes have a system to capture any potential bi-products that could contaminate
groundwater, which you do not have at home. Reduce yard and lawn watering, plant
drought tolerant plants and varieties. (See Best management Practices).
Preventing Groundwater Water Contamination
Any chemical that meets the ground can contaminate soil, surface water and
groundwater. People who may be accustomed to city sewer systems that filter
contaminants through treatment plants need to understand that Hampstead does not
have such a municipal system. ANYTHING chemical you put down the drain or drop on
the driveway could potentially contaminate surface and groundwater. If put in the drain,
chemicals may go from the effluent holding tank to the leeching field and penetrate into
the groundwater below. Contaminated surface and groundwater can move to your well
area or your neighbor’s. Some chemicals DO NOT dilute in water. Examples of this would
include turpentine, oil paint and pesticides. When an aquifer becomes contaminated the
water may become unfit to drink. Groundwater may become contaminated in several
ways:
8
Spills such as: fuel (and additives), pesticide, herbicide, fertilizer, and deicing products.
This includes over application of these chemicals.
Poorly operating septic systems and abandoned wells.
Leaks from above and below ground fuel and industrial solvent tanks
Manure and other agricultural runoff.
What can you do?
Reduce your use of chemical and petroleum products. Be sure to understand and
maintain both well and septic system. Know where they are located on your property,
year of installation and type of installation. Keep these records with other important
residence information. Be aware that shallow wells are most susceptible to contamination.
Check well casings for cracks and have septic tanks pumped as required by size and
use. Septic waste is hauled to New England sites and is treated to become usable soil.
This process is expensive and has pollution ramifications.
Best Management Practices for Wells
Do not locate dog runs or other animal pens near your well.
Do not treat the wellhead area with pesticide or fertilizer.
Do not flush chemicals down the toilet; septic systems do not breakdown inorganic
compounds that can move through soil.
Keep surface drainage pitched away from the well to prevent ponding.
Have your water tested even if you do not suspect problems to know base line
information. Compare the water test to one from a previous year or from original
purchase. If purchasing a home be sure to have the well and septic inspected, this is
not an area to skimp on.
9
Best Management Practices for Septic Systems
Look for signs of trouble on the leech bed such as spongy grass, pooling water,
sewage smell, and black liquid or slow pluming drainage/backup.
Keep a record of septic pump out dates/ quantities and have a schedule for this
task.
Plant grass over the leech bed to prevent erosion and absorb excess water. Avoid
planting anything but groundcover as the root systems of larger plants may clog the
leech bed. Roots in the leech bed will curb its efficiency and reduce its longevity.
Conserve water to avoid overloading the system and use products that are low in
Phosphorous and as natural as possible.
Do not flush anything that will harm or destroy the bacterial action in your septic
tank. This bacteria is what makes the system either work or contaminant the
groundwater. Never flush the following items:
DO NOT FLUSH
Backwash
from
water
Cigarettes
softeners
Paper towels
Coffee grounds
Sanitary napkins, tampons and
Dental floss
condoms
Disposable diapers
Cleaners
Animal litters
marked toxic, danger, poison
Pesticide
and
and
chemicals
herbicide
(endings in “cide”).
10
Waste Management
Household waste can be brought to the Kent Farm transfer facility. Please check the
information for what types of refuse are accepted. Special days (i.e. Brush and bulk
disposal) are posted on local cable access and the town website.
TOWN OF HAMPSTEAD 2006 LANDFILL REGULATIONS
DEMOLITION WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED AT THE TOWN FACILITY.
BRUSH WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED ON DESIGNATED DATES.
LANDFILL STICKERS REQUIRED TO ACCESS LANDFILL
Stickers must be purchased from the Town Clerk ($15.00/YEAR). Sticker requirements will be strictly
enforced. They should be placed in the lower left-hand corner of your windshield.
One day sticker $15.00(passenger vehicle, pick up truck), One day sticker u-haul vehicle $20.00
Allowable disposal: Large items must be disassembled
Bulk items, including sofas, chairs, etc.
Metal items, appliances
Residents are required to purchase specific dollar coupons at the Town Clerk’s Office
for disposal of:
Car & light pick-up truck tires $3.00(Rims must be removed)
Appliances containing Freon $20.00
Television/Monitors up to 27 inches $10.00
Television/Monitors over 27 inches $20.00
Console Television $30.00
Disposal not allowed: Due to rising disposal fees and State regulations
No shingles, commercial wastes, hazardous wastes or yard waste, treated or
manufactured building debris or propane tanks
No residential refuse or garbage.
Propane tanks may be collected in July of 2006 at the Hampstead Town Garage
DATES AND HOURS FOR BULK DISPOSAL
April 8, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
May 13, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
June 10, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
July 8, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
August 12, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
September 9, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
October 14, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . .. . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
November 11, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
DATES AND HOURS FOR BRUSH DISPOSAL
January 7, 2006, Saturday. . . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 1:00P.M. (Christmas Trees only)
April 15, 2006, Saturday…………………. 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. BRUSH DAY
11
May 20, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. BRUSH DAY
October 21, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. BRUSH DAY
November 18, 2006, Saturday . . . . . . . . . . 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM BRUSH DAY
Directions to the landfill area:
From the Town Office Building on Main Street, follow Route 121 to Kent Farm Road, turn right on Kent Farm Road. Follow Kent Farm
Road, bearing left at the “Y”. The landfill area is approximately 1mile further on the right. Commercial operators, including general
contractors who contract with Hampstead residents, to remodel and/or demolish buildings or any parts there of, will be considered to be
commercial ventures and will not be admitted to the landfill. A Hazardous Waste Day WILL BE HELD in late April & October with
neighboring towns. For additional questions or problems, call Steve Harms, @ 329-5110 for Bulk Disposal or Town Hall at 329-4100 Or
Bestway Disposal (Curbside/Recycling) @ 778-2116.
This is a sample of hazardous waste day flyer, which is posted on local cable access.
Locations are subject to change or may be combined with other surrounding towns.
12
Best Management Practices for the Lawn and Garden
Whether establishing or maintaining a lawn it is important to be well informed about the
products used and rates of application. Many times homeowners are un-aware of the turf
care ingredients used by professionals they hire and products they chose at the local
store. To protect drinking water, recreational water supplies, family, and pets, it is
recommended that organic supplements be used that will break down slowly allowing
one’s lawn and garden to absorb and use the provided nutrients. Fertilizer and pesticide
runoff into streams, catch basins and water bodies degrades water quality. Fertilizer
promotes algal growth with high nutrients and pesticides and herbicides can make water
toxic. Many of these products do not dilute in water and can remain in the food chain.
Products that have a dual use (fertilizer combined with an herbicide) deteriorate water
quality are often sold as combination products that simultaneously nourish plant growth
and kill weeds. Often times a healthy lawn does not need herbicide or pesticide because
a healthy grass will “choke out” invading weeds. This is especially important in areas
surrounding lakes and streams where the eco-system is most vulnerable to pesticide
accumulation.
There are alternatives for lawns such as groundcovers and pervious walkways that allow
storm water to be absorbed into the ground.
If you choose to have a lawn care service, make certain to know:
which products they are using, are they organic, do they have post application
restrictions?
13
are the products safe for pets, children, ground and surface water, low in
Phosphorous?
. Be sure that the landscape service holds a state of New Hampshire Pesticide LicenseApplicators permit. This is a guarantee that they have gone through rigorous testing and
will apply chemicals at a safe rate. It is illegal in NH to apply pesticide for hire if you do not
hold a current license.
If you decide to do your own lawn and garden care, please be aware that most available
products are not organic and should be applied with great care. Unfortunately, consumers
may purchase and apply products without proper training. Often consumers will apply
products to the landscape that are unwarranted. Ultimately with over application runoff,
un-used chemicals move to non-target areas potentially causing toxicity.
Suggestions for Sustainable Lawn Practices
Spring
Test your soil; kits are available at garden supply centers and UNH Cooperative
Extension http://extension.unh.edu
The test evaluates five basic elements:
Available organic matter- this indicates soil “richness and microbial activity.
pH- On the scale from 0-14 most plants thrive at 6.5-7pH. Most elements are also
“available” for plant up-take at this pH level. In other words if the pH is low the element
may be present in the soil but the plant cannot use it. In Hampstead, as most of NH, soil
tends to be acidic. To raise pH levels lime may be added. Natural lime sources include:
Nitrogen-(N) The element responsible for leaf growth and the green chlorophyll.
Phosphorous-(P) The element responsible for roots and flower formation. A desirable
element not only promotes beautiful landscape plants but algal growth, weed abundance
and lake eutrification. It decreases the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, which makes
it difficult for fish and other aquatics to breathe.
14
Potassium-(K) This element is responsible for fruit and seed formation.
Most commercial and organic fertilizers have the analysis on the label showing the
analysis and percentages of Phosphorus and Potassium on the label.
For example: 10-10-10
N -P- K
Fertilizers may also have trace elements such as Magnesium, Calcium, and Zinc etc. You
may want a comprehensive soil test to determine the availability in your soil.
If your soil test shows that you are lacking in one element such as nitrogen use a fertilizer
that provides only that.
For example: 10-0 –0
Also, be aware of the source of fertilizer elements. Not all products are organic equals.
For instance, sewage sludge and bio-solid products may contain harmful contaminants
and sources are not usually described. Some “natural” elements can be toxic as well.
Such as “nitrite of soda” which causes salt build up. Plants do not like salt from the
roadway or from a water softener. Never “backwash” your water softener into your septic
as it will ruin microbial activity and the soil.
The Criteria for designation as an earth-friendly fertilizer
Manufactures the fertilizer must demonstrate the following:
SLOW-RELEASE NITROGEN:
Natural organic fertilizer; or
Synthetic fertilizer with 50% or more controlled-release component (pelleted)
LOW-PHOSPHORUS OR NO-PHOSPHORUS:
Ratio of nitrogen-to-phosphate is 5:1 or greater
Free of all pesticides (including herbicides); no weed-and-feed.
Please note: Milorganite is not on the list because it contains phosphorus levels that exceed the
recommended threshold. Scott’s Lawn Fertilizer (26-0-3) is zero phosphorus but does not have a
significant quantity of slow-release nitrogen. This is a partial listing and other products meeting these
criteria may be available.
BRAND NAME/ N-P-K/ % S LOW -R ELEASE N ITROGEN
Corn Gluten Products 9-0-0 85%
15
Clean Green Soy Fertilizer 7-0-0 High
Fertrell Lawn Fertilizers 9-1-4 or 8-1-8 70% - 85%
Greenview – Low Phosphorus 26-4-12 76%
Greenview – Zero Phosphorus 27-0-12 76%
Ringer Lawn Restore 10-2-6 76%
Safer Lawn Restore 10-2-6 76%
Safer Natural Turf Program 8-1-1 93%
Turf Nurture 15-2-7 75%
Lesco Professional Turf 32-0-10 67%
Sustain 18-1-8+Fe
Many of these products are locally produced and available. For more
information contact the companies and organizations listed. Many of these
products are made from New England fishery and farming bi-products.
Freshwater Farms, Kip Cam Road, Atkinson, NH
Products include Espoma and Johnathan Green organic products.
East Coast Lumber, Rt111, Hampstead, NH
Check the ecl.com for organic products by store.
Northeast Organic Farming Association-New Hampshire www.nofanh.org
Bulk organic products for homeowners and farmers.
From the web…
Coast of Maine Website: www.coastofmaine.com
”The best gardens start with the best soils and fertilizers, from Coast of Maine ... naturally! We
produce a line of organic fertilizers and compost-based soils that re-employ the rich natural
resources of Downeast Maine and Maritime Canada, resources like salmon, kelp, lobster,
mussels and wild blueberries. “
Espoma Company Website: www.espoma.com
”For over 75 years The Espoma Company has been the leading manufacturer and marketer of
natural organic plant foods for the lawn and garden industry. Our brands, including Holly-tone,
Plant-tone and Rose-tone, are recognized by professional and amateur gardeners as the finest,
safest, and most reliable plant foods available. We invite you to use our web site as a resource for
product, company and helpful gardening information.”
Neptune’s Harvest Website www.neptunesharvest.com
”Neptune’s Harvest Fish Hydrolysate is an all organic, highly nutritional protein fertilizer, made
16
naturally from fresh north Atlantic fish. Neptune’s was one of the main ingredients used in growing
the world’s largest pumpkin, as well as New England’s largest pumpkin. Neptune’s Harvest fish,
seaweed and fish/seaweed blend fertilizers will not only make your flowers and foliage stronger
and more colorful, but is safe for the kids, pets, and mother earth. Enjoy a successful growing
season with Neptune’s Harvest. “
Phone: 800-259-4769
Organica Website: www.organicainc.com
”An environmentally safe insecticide? Organica offers gardeners unique, safe, need based
insecticide soap for plants. This new soap is environmentally friendly and really works! Look for
Organica’s line of remarkable products from nature’s own laboratory. Ask your local garden center
for Organica’s 2-step program for ornamentals, vegetables, and their four step all natural lawn
care program. “
Phone: 631-544-0348
Pure Barnyard Website: www.Purebarnyard.com
”Chicken and egg farmers around the world face serious pollution problems, as piles of untreated
manure release dangerous ammonia and nitrates into the atmosphere, the soil, groundwater and
streams. Cockadoodle Doo not only works wonders for your plants, it reduces the amount of
waste on the farm. Look for more earth-friendly products from the farmers who care at Pure
Barnyard. “
Gardens Alive Website: http://www.gardensalive.com/
”Gardens Alive! Offers high quality lawn and garden products that work with nature. In using our
products, you may feel confident that you are doing your part in protecting the environment. At the
same time, you will be maintaining a beautiful and healthy lawn or garden that will be the envy of
your friends and neighbors.”
North Country Organics Website: http://www.norganics.com
”North Country Organics (NCO) manufacturers and distributors natural fertilizers, soil
amendments, and environmentally compatible pest controls. With over 50 wholesale distributors
located throughout the central and northeastern regions of the U.S., we serve commercial and
wholesale accounts.”
The GreenSpot Website: http://www.shopgreenmethods.com/
”We, at The Green Spot, are tracking this values-driven change and are proud to have
served our customers with excellence in product and service for the past ten years.
Whether you’re an organic gardener, grower, interiorscaper, farmer or other agricultural
professional, we offer you this on-line shopping venue for convenience and as an
additional service to the Green Methods shopper.
Your home compost!
Compost is key to organic lawn care.
17
It provides a stable source of nutrients, beneficial organisms and organic matter for your
lawn. It acts as a “soil guardian”. Top-dress lawn and garden with ¼ inch, preferably in
spring and fall. Broadcast with a shovel or use a spreader open to widest setting. For
small lawns, a garden sieve works well. Compost is sold in many different forms,
including liquid. Alternatively, make your own. If you use any compost make sure it is
aged, weed free and pasteurized.
Recipes for Compost are available online at a variety of sites. Compost containers are
available at the Hampstead Town Hall for a reasonable charge or can be made out of
wire, wood, fencing. You can compost passively or aggressively to create rich garden soil.
Common composting materials
Type of Material
Use it?
Carbon/
Nitrogen
Details
Algae, seaweed,
lake moss
Yes
N
Good nutrient source.
Ashes from coal
or charcoal
No
n/a
May contain materials bad for plants.
Ashes from
untreated,
unpainted wood
Careful
Neutral
Fine amounts at most. Can make the
pile too alkaline and suppress
composting.
Beverages,
kitchen rinse
water
Yes
Neutral
Good to moisten the middle of the pile.
Don't over-moisten the pile.
Bird droppings
Careful
N
May contain weed seeds or disease
organisms.
Cardboard
Yes
C
Shred into small pieces if you use it.
Wetting it makes it easier to tear. If you
have a lot, consider recycling instead.
Cat droppings or
cat litter
No
n/a
May contain disease organisms. Avoid.
Coffee ground
and filters
Yes
N
Worms love coffee grounds and coffee
filters.
Compost
activator
Not
required,
but ok.
Neutral
You don't really need it, but it doesn't
hurt.
Cornstalks, corn
cobs
Yes
C
Best if shredded and mixed well with
nitrogen rich materials.
18
Diseased plants
Careful
N
If your pile doesn't get hot enough, it
might not kill the organisms, so be
careful. Let it cure several months, and
don't use resulting compost near the
type of plant that was diseased.
Dog droppings
No
n/a
Avoid.
Dryer lint
Yes
C
Compost away! Moistening helps.
Eggshells
Yes
O
Break down slowly. Crushing shells
helps.
Fish scraps
No
n/a
Can attract rodents and cause a stinky
pile.
Hair
Yes
N
Scatter so it isn't in clumps.
Lime
No
n/a
Can kill composting action. Avoid.
Manure (horse,
cow, pig, sheep,
goat, chicken,
rabbit)
Yes
N
Great source of nitrogen. Mix with
carbon rich materials so it breaks down
better. Best to compost separate from
green compost.
Meat, fat, grease,
oils, bones
No
n/a
Avoid.
Milk, cheese,
yogurt
Careful
Neutral
Put it deep in the pile to avoid
attracting animals.
Newspaper
Yes
C
Shred it so it breaks down easier. It is
easy to add too much newspaper, so
recycle instead if you have a lot. Don't
add slick colored pages.
Oak leaves
Yes
C
Shredding leaves helps them break
down faster. They decompose slowly.
Acidic.
You'll need a lot of nitrogen materials
to make up for the high carbon content.
Don't use too much, and don't use
treated woods.
Sawdust and
wood shavings
(untreated wood)
Yes
C
Pine needles and
cones
Yes
C
Don't overload the pile. Also acidic and
decomposes slowly.
Weeds
Careful
N
Dry them out on the pavement, then
add later.
Sod
Careful
N
Make sure the pile is hot enough.
19
Planning Your Sustainable Lawn Practices
From
Marblehead Pesticide Awareness Committee, Marblehead, Massachusetts
FIRST STEPS:
EARLY MARCH - END APRIL
ASSESS YOUR LAWN - ITS NEEDS/YOUR NEEDS
Sharpen Mower Blades, Soil Test,
Clean-Up (Power Rake/Aerate)
Soil Amendments after Test Results
Organic Fertilizer
Re-Seed or Corn Gluten, Top Dress with Compost, first mowing
SECOND STEPS: APRIL-JUNE
Raise Mower Height for Subsequent Cuts
(3-3.5 inches)
Use Proper Mowing Techniques
Continue to Sharpen Blades
Scout for Weeds
Mechanical Weed Control
Continue Re-seeding Bare Spots
Monitor for Insect Problems
THIRD STEPS: JUNE-AUGUST
Understand Natural Summer Stresses/Dormancy
One Time Application Milky Spore
Continue to Monitor for Insects/ Disease Problems
20
Apply Beneficial Nematodes (if Necessary)
Possible Liquid Fish Emulsion Application
Possible Topdressing with Rock Minerals
Continue to Mow High /Sharpen Blades
(Leave Clippings on Lawn and Water Properly - if You Must)
FOURTH STEPS:
MID-AUGUST TO MIDSEPTEMBER
Soil Test (if Not Done in Spring)
Aerate (if Not Done in Spring & Necessary)
Best Time to Lime (if Necessary)
Best Time to Fertilize (if Necessary)
Best Time for Seeding or Re-Seeding
Top Dress with Compost (if Necessary)
FIFTH STEPS: OCTOBER
AND NOVEMBER
Continue to Mow while Grass Grows
Final Mow - Reduce Height to 2 inches
For New Lawns or Lawns Over-Seeded in Early
Fall, Apply Organic Fertilizer at ½ rate
Remove Leaves as They Accumulate
or Use Mulching Mower and leave on Lawn
21
General Sustainable Lawn Practices
AERATE YOUR LAWN if it has not been done for several seasons and the soil is hard, dry
and compact. Aerate before applying any soil amendments. Manual reel-type aerators are
effective for small lawns; power aerators can be rented for larger lawns.
MOW HIGH WITH SHARP
MOWER BLADES. Think “lush” instead of
“scalped”! Keep your grass high to shade
out weeds and protect against drought. First
spring mowing should be at 2 inches to
remove any winter fungus. Subsequent
mowing for the rest of the season should be
at 3 –3.5 inches. Last fall mowing return
height to 2 inches. Avoid cutting off more
than one inch of grass blade at time – your
grass should still look green after you have
mown. If you do not “do-it-yourself”, tell
your landscaper how you want your lawn
mown.
LEAVE YOUR LAWN
CLIPPINGS ON THE LAWN for a free,
natural nitrogen-fix your grass will
appreciate. Clippings do not cause thatch.
THATCH is a build-up of dead grass roots,
stems and leaves caused by faulty watering
practices, excessive fertilizing and
pesticides. A bit of thatch is OK. Test by
sticking a finger down between the grass
blades – you may push through a thin layer
of tangled root stolons, but then touch soil.
If you cannot feel the soil, there is probably
too much thatch. Heavy thatch indicates soil
deficient in microbial life. Add compost (or
a liquid de-thatch product) to turn thatch
into soil-building organic matter.
RE-SEED HEAVILY. Early fall is the best
time to re-seed/renovate a lawn. Invest in a
good mix of seed. Look for entophytic
varieties, which provide natural protection
against some insects and fungal diseases.
WEEDS in turf are indicators of poor soil
conditions and faulty watering/mowing/
fertilizing. Grass itself is one of the most
aggressive plants there is. Dense turf is the
best “herbicide”. It will take over and choke
out your weeds once you have nurtured the
soil it grows in. Determine your “weed
tolerance”. Then hand-weed small areas or
“solarize” larger areas (smother them under
black plastic at end of summer) – then reseed heavily to let grass get the upper hand.
There is no such thing as a weed-free lawn.
Some “weeds” (dandelions, clover) are
actually beneficial to your lawn, enhancing
the availability of necessary nutrients. Some
weeds are actually misplaced groundcovers
(ajuga). However, you will hardly notice the
few weeds that survive in a dense organic
lawn that you keep mown high.
CORN GLUTEN products provide natural,
non-toxic pre-emergent weed control.
Apply in early spring or fall. Do not apply at
the same time as grass seed.
WATER YOUR LAWN
PROPERLY – and only when needed.
Your lawn’s water needs are site specific,
influenced by soil type/drainage/sun/shade.
The goal of an
organic lawn is to let Nature provide the
lawn’s water needs. Established organic
lawns, with dense turf and deep roots, are
drought tolerant.
In addition, remember, grass naturally
goes dormant in late August. A
slightly brown lawn at end of summer
is resting and will green up again in
the cooler fall. DISEASE AND INSECT
PROBLEMS are symptoms of soil
problems and/or turf stresses that need to be
addressed. If you have a problem, work on
your soil’s health and improve your lawn
care techniques by following the Simple
IPM. It been estimated that 95% of insect
22
control is done by naturally occurring
organisms (above and below ground) that
are part of an natural ecosystem. Insects and
birds work to keep disease and insect
problems in check. Pesticides disrupt this
system killing microbial life, and other
beneficials. Use NEMATODES for grubs,
chinch bugs, and sod webworms.
MILKY SPORE POWDER (species specific
bacteria) can also be applied during warmer
months for long lasting grub control.
habitat undesirable with no food
source or water.
Example:
Habitat Modification: Remove food and
water sources and nesting opportunities.
Biological Control: Encourage other
organisms that use the pest as a food
source.
Physical Methods: Barriers, trapping,
suffocation etc.
Integrated Pest Management
The Six Steps for IPM
Pesticides: Natural use first, least
harmful before chemical choices,
1. Inspect
2. Identify
3. Monitor
4. Choose
least
harmful
control
methods.
Sustainable Landscaping and
5. Evaluate
Gardening and Education
6. Use chemicals as a last resort/
Resources
In IPM you want to do things that
will control the pests without
The definition of “a weed” is a plant that
grows in a un-desirable location. Society
has decided that dandelions are a weed,
affecting pets and people. You use
in the lawn, as are clover etc. Grass is a
a combination of methods to do
weed in the vegetable garden and all in
this. Some methods include: Pest
all a diverse landscape is a healthy
suffocation, removing food sources.
landscape!
Keep checking to see if the pests
Plant
NATIVE
species
that
are
are still there and which control
DROUGHT tolerant to conserve water
methods are working. Make the
and
prevent
insect
and
disease
23
infestations. Weak and stressed plants
are more susceptible to invaders.
Plant selection will depend on your soil
type
and
University
light
conditions
of
New
however
Dealing with Woodchuck Damage
Moles in Home Lawns
Nuisance Wildlife in and Around
the Home
Tree Guards for Tree and Shrub
Protection
Hampshire
Cooperative Extension has the following
publications to aid selection and general
sustainable practices.
http://extension.unh.edu/Pubs
LANDSCAPE DESIGN
A New Hampshire Plant Palette
Drought Tolerant Plants for NH
Landscapes
Using Plants in the Landscape
Landscaping with Flowers
Landscaping Woodland Areas
Planting Shoreland Areas
Using Water Efficiently in the
Landscape
Landscape Topics
Alternatives to Invasive Landscape
Plants
Drought Tolerant Plants for NH
Landscapes
Efficient Water Use in Landscapes
& Nurseries
Nuisance Wildlife
Black Knot on Plums and Cherries
Care of the Mature Backyard
Apple Tree
Plant Diseases
Lawn Diseases
Powdery Mildew in Lawns
Preventing Lawn Disease: General
Recommendations
Rose Diseases: Cultural and
Chemical Controls
Relative Tolerance of Selected
Tree Species to Air Pollution Injury
Tomato Leaf Spots
Turfgrass
Diseases:
Cultural
Management Recommendations
Small Fruit
Growing Currants & Gooseberries
Growing Grapes
Growing Highbush Blueberries
Growing
Raspberries
and
Blackberries
Growing Strawberries
Prune Fruit at the Right Time
Selling at a Farmers’ Market
Small Fruit Cultivars for New
Hampshire Gardens
The NH Fruit and Vegetable
Harvest Season
Choosing
Rootstock
the
Right
Apple
24
Dwarf Apple Trees for Home
Gardens
Fertilizing Fruit Crops
Growing Fruit Trees
Growing Peaches
Growing Pears
Selling at a Farmers’ Market
The NH Fruit and Vegetable
Harvest Season
Training and Pruning Young Apple
and Pear Trees
Tree Fruit Cultivars for New
Hampshire
Trees & Shrubs
A New Hampshire Plant Palette
Drought Tolerant Plants for NH
Landscapes
Fertilizing Trees and Shrubs
Growing Lilacs
Growing Rhododendrons and
Azaleas in Northern New England
Pruning Deciduous Shrubs in the
Landscape
Pruning
Evergreens
in
the
Landscape
Pruning Shade Trees in the
Landscape
Selling at a Farmers’ Market
Steps to Follow When Planting
Trees and Shrubs
Using Water Efficiently in the
Landscape
10 Steps to Success with Your
Vegetable Garden
Basket Weave Tomato Support
Butterfly Garden
Common Container Gardening
Problems
Fertilizing Vegetables
Growing Asparagus and Rhubarb
Growing Beans
Growing Cole Crops
Growing Potatoes
Growing Root Crops
Growing Tomatoes
Growing Vegetables in Containers
Intensive Vegetable Gardening
Kitchen Garden Herbs
Pepper varieties with resistance to
bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas
campestris)
Planning a Winter Vegetable
Garden
Planting & Maturity Dates of
Vegetables in NH
Powdery
Mildew-resistant
Pumpkin & Squash Varieties
Starter Solutions for Vegetable
Crops
Sweet Corn Production
The NH Fruit and Vegetable
Harvest Season
Timing Vegetable Transplants
Weeds
Broadleaf Lawn Weeds
Crabgrass
Poisonous Plants in Pastures
25
Ecologically Import Areas
Examples of Important Habitat
Habitat of Rare Wildlife Species - Lands inhabited by species listed as endangered,
threatened, or of special concern should be considered a priority for conservation.
Within Hampstead many natural communities and habitats have been identified by the
New Hampshire Heritage Bureau as threatened and endangered and include habitats
such as Atlantic white cedar, yellow birch, pepperbush swamp, Black gum, red maple
basin swamp, Red maple, black ash swamp, saxifrage swamp. Plant life: Downy
Arrowwood (Viburnum rafinesquianum), Downy False Foxglove (Aureolaria virginica),
Dwarf Huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa), Four-leaved Milkweed (Asclepias quadrifolia),
Green Adder's Mouth (Malaxis unifolia), Sicklepod (Arabis canadensis), and Tufted
Loosestrife (Lysimachia thyrsiflora). Some species are indicators of size and make up of
the habitat. For the following endangered species in Hampstead the current land use
may prevent the species from thriving for example the Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
which was at one time established in Hampstead no longer has the large tract of habitat
that they require to thrive. This also goes fore Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii),
Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), Hessel's Hairstreak (Callophrys hesseli) and
Eastern Pond Mussel (Ligumia nasuta). Hampstead’s threatened and endangered
species can be found at the NH Heritage Bureau, www.dred.state.nh.us
Unfragmented Lands - Large tracts of contiguous open space that feature a mix of
habitat types are more valuable to wildlife than small, fragmented patches. Many of the
conservation tracts within Hampstead offer unfragmented habitat. It is important to look at
the overall picture when deciding on future development in regard to contiguous habitat.
To discover conservation area size, uniqueness and establishment information please
visit http://mapper.granit.unh.edu/viewer.htm. This is a great tool to see the entire make
up and area of protected land in Hampstead. One may also visit n
www.wildlife.state.nh.us.
The “Conservation Trails” off of West Road are available for hiking and do have marked
trails.
26
Unfragmented Conservation Lands In Hampstead
UNH Granit
Ecologically Sensitive Areas
Riparian Areas & Shorelines - Riparian areas are biologically sensitive areas surrounding
lakes, rivers and streams .The interaction of land and water fosters biodiversity and is invaluable
for many reptiles, amphibians, and migratory birds and non-migratory birds. Hampstead’s
riparian areas must be protected from erosion and pollution. Vegetative buffer zones help to slow
runoff and prevent erosion. The areas below show the conservation easements (yellow), scenic
easements (dark yellow) and historic conservation areas in green which may help to buffer.
27
Island Pond, in Hampstead has the most areas of un-buildable conservation land ensuring
riparian buffer zone protection.
Riparian Areas and Wetlands
UNH Granit
Swamps and Wetlands - Swamps, marshes, riparian areas, wet meadows, and bogs provide
wildlife habitat and also help filter water runoff in addition to connecting larger tracts of habitat.
The map shows the largest areas of swamps and wetlands in green and yellow crosshatching.
These areas are prime areas to manage, conserve and protect.
28
Unique and Critical Habitats
UNH Granit
Other Unique or Critical Habitats – May include agricultural, connecting lands and
other open land. These types of areas may aide some species that are dependent on
open fields, an increasingly rare habitat type. Connecting Lands - Areas with very-low
development density between large unfragmented lands that provide wildlife with habitat,
food, and cover, as well as corridors for movement. A habitat need not be rare to be
important for maintaining geographic regional biodiversity.
29
Prevalent Species within Hampstead
The plant and animal species that naturally occur in Hampstead are a result of soils,
climate, time, glacial deposits and available water and weather. Hampstead is part of
USDA Hardiness zone five for plant material, which means the average annual minimum
temperature is 10 to –15 degrees F. This allows the existence of plant and animal species
that may not exist in far northern NH.
Hampstead is fortunate to be forested with a mixture hardwoods and softwood that
include several varieties of Oak, Maple, Shagbark Hickory, Ash, and Beech as well as
Hemlock, Pines, and Spruce varieties. Many of these tree species, in addition to other
native shrubs and plants, provide food sources for animals. The location of Hampstead
and its food and water sources provide excellent nesting and stops for migrating birds.
What types of Birds? Angle Pond, Wash pond (Sunset Lake), Shop Pond and Big Island
Pond provide nesting and food sources for Loons, Geese, Ducks, Cormorants, Great Blue
Heron, Hooded and Common Mergansers and other waterfowl. On land Migratory
songbirds such as Eastern Bluebirds are seen. See how many you have identified in your
yard from the NH Fish and Game list of Non Game birds.
Species Occurring In New Hampshire (Residents and Visitors)
New Hampshire is home to more than 500 species of vertebrate animals. This list would
be much longer if a complete list of invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, clams and snails)
were included. About 75 percent are nongame wildlife species not hunted, fished or
trapped. Twenty-one species are endangered and thirteen are threatened in the state.
. Legend
** endangered
*threatened
(i) introduced
bold=nongame
@ observed in Hampstead, NH
30
MAMMALS
Bat, Big Brown
Bat, Eastern Red
Bat, Hoary
Bat, Little Brown
Bat, Northern Long-eared
Bat, Silver-haired
**Bat, Small-footed
Bear, Black
Beaver @
Bobcat
Chipmunk, Eastern @
Cottontail, Eastern
Cottontail, New England
Coyote @
Deer, White-tailed @
Dolphin, Common
Fisher
Fox, Gray @
Fox, Red @
Hare, Snowshoe
Lemming, Northern Bog
Lemming, Southern Bog
**Lynx
*Marten, Pine
Mink @
Mole, Hairy-tailed
Mole, Star-nosed @
Moose
Mouse, Deer @
Mouse, House (i)
Mouse, Meadow Jumping
Mouse, White-footed
Mouse, Woodland Jumping
Muskrat @
Opossum, Virginia @
Otter, River
Pipistrelle, Eastern
Porcupine @
Porpoise
Raccoon
Rat, Norway (i)
Seal, Harbor
Shrew, Long-tailed
Shrew, Masked
Shrew, Pygmy
Shrew, Short-tailed
Shrew, Smoky
Shrew, Water
Skunk, Striped @
Squirrel, Gray @
Squirrel, Northern Flying
Salamander, Two-lined
Salamander, Redback
Salamander, Slimy
Salamander, Spotted
Toad, American
Toad, Fowler's
Treefrog, Gray
Squirrel, Red
Squirrel, Southern Flying
Vole, Meadow
Vole, Rock
Vole, Southern Red-backed
Vole, Woodland
Weasel, Long-tailed
Weasel, Short-tailed (Ermine)
Whale, Humpback
Whale, Minke
Whale, Pilot
Woodchuck
REPTILES
Racer
**Rattlesnake, Timber
Snake, Brown
Snake, Common Garter @
Snake, Eastern Hognose
Snake, Eastern Ribbon
Snake, Milk
Snake, Northern Water
Snake,Redbelly
Snake, Ringneck
Snake, Smooth Green
Turtle, Blanding's @(historical)
Turtle, Common Musk (Stinkpot)
Turtle, Eastern Box @
Turtle, Painted @
Turtle, Snapping @
Turtle, Spotted
Turtle, Wood
AMPHIBIANS
Bullfrog
Frog, Green
Frog, Mink
Frog, Northern Leopard
Frog, Pickerel
Frog, Wood @
Mudpuppy
Newt, Eastern @
Peeper, Spring @
Salamander, Blue-Spotted
Salamander, Four-toed
Salamander, Jefferson
Salamander, Marbled
Salamander, Dusky
Salamander, Spring
FISH
FRESHWATER
Bass, Largemouth (i) @
Bass, Rock (i)
Bass, Smallmouth (i)
Bluegill (i) @
Bullhead, Brown @
Bullhead, Yellow
Burbot
Carp (i)
31
Chub, Creek
Chub, Lake
Chubsucker, Creek
Crappie, Black (i)
Dace, Blacknose
Dace, Finescale
Dace, Longnose
Dace, Northern Redbelly
Darter, Swamp
Darter, Tessellated
Eel, American (also marine) @
Fallfish
Goldfish (i)
Killifish, Banded (also marine)
Lamprey, American Brook
Madtom, Margined
Madtom, Tadpole (i)
Perch, White (i) (also marine)
Perch, Yellow
Pickerel, Chain @
Pickerel, Redfin
Pike, Northern (i)
Pumpkinseed
Sculpin, Slimy
Shiner, Blacknose
Shiner, Bridle
Shiner, Common
Shiner, Golden
Shiner, Spottail (i)
Sucker, Longnose
Sucker, White
Sunfish, Banded
Sunfish, Redbreast
Trout, Brook ( all historically stocked)
Trout, Brown (i) (also marine)
Trout, Lake
Trout, Rainbow (i)
**Trout, Sunapee
Walleye (i)
Whitefish, Lake
Whitefish, Round
MARINE
Bass, Black Sea
Bass, Striped
Bluefish
Butterfish
Cod, Atlantic
Cunner
Cusk
Dogfish, Smooth
Dogfish, Spiny
Dory, American John
Eel, American
Eel, Conger
Flounder, Four-spotted
Flounder, Smooth
Flounder, Summer
Flounder, Winter
Flounder, Witch
Flounder, Yellowtail
Goosefish, American
Grubby
Gunnel, Rock
Haddock
Hake, Silver
Hake, Spotted
Hake, Squirrel
Hake, White
Halibut, Atlantic
Herring, Atlantic
Killifish, Common (mummichog)
Killifish, Striped (mummichog)
Lance, American Sand
Lumpfish
Mackerel, American
Mackerel, Chub
Menhaden, Atlantic
Pipefish, Northern
Plaice, American
Pollock
Pout, Ocean
Puffer, NorthernRaven,Sea
Redfish
Robin, Common Sea
Robin, Striped Sea
Rockling, Four-bearded
Sculpin, Longhorn
Sculpin, Shorthorn
Scup
Shad, Hickory
Silverside, Atlantic
Skate, Little
Skate, Thorny
Skate, Winter
Sail, Sea
Stickleback, Fourspine (also freshwater)
Stickleback, Ninespine (also freshwater)
Stickleback, Threespine (also freshwater)
Sturgeon, Atlantic
**Sturgeon, Short-nosed
Tautog
Tomcod, Atlantic
Windowpane
Wolffish, Atlantic
Wolffish, Spotted
Wrymouth
ANADROMOUS
Alewife (also freshwater)
Herring, Blueback
Lamprey, Sea
Salmon, Atlantic (i) (also freshwater)
Salmon, Chinook (i)
Salmon, Coho (i)
Shad, American
Smelt, Rainbow (historical in Big Island Pond))
MUSSELS
Eastern Pond Mussel @
**Floater, Brook
**Wedgemussel, Dwarf
INSECTS
(endangered and threatened species only)
*Beetle, Cobblestone Tiger
**Bog Hunter, Ringed (Banded Bog Skimmer)
**Butterfly, Frosted Elfin
**Butterfly, Karner Blue
32
*Moth, Pine Barrens Zanclognatha
*Moth, Pine Pinion
**Skipper, Persius Duskywing
**endangered
*threatened
(i) introduced
+ breeds in New Hampshire
nongame
BIRDS
Bittern, American +
Bittern, Least
Blackbird, Red-winged +@
Blackbird, Rusty +
Blackbird, Yellow-headed
Bluebird, Eastern +@
Bobolink +
Bobwhite, Northern (i)
Brant
Bufflehead@
Bunting, Indigo +
Bunting, Snow
Canvasback
Cardinal, Northern +@
Catbird, Gray +@
Chat, Yellow-breasted
Chickadee, Black-capped +@
Chickadee, Boreal +
Coot, American
Cormorant, Double-crested +@
Cormorant, Great @
Cowbird, Brown-headed +@
Creeper, Brown +
Crossbill, Red +
Crossbill, White-winged +
Crow, American +@
Crow, Fish +
Cuckoo, Black-billed +
Cuckoo, Yellow-billed +
Dickcissel
Dove, Mourning +
Dove, Rock (Pigeon) (i) +
Dovekie
Dowitcher, Long-billed
Dowitcher, Short-billed
Duck, American Black +
Duck, Harlequin
Duck, Ring-necked +@
Duck,Ruddy
Duck, Wood +@
Dunlin
**Eagle, Bald + @ (1 sighting 12/2004)
**Eagle, Golden
Egret, Cattle
Egret, Great
Egret, Snowy
Eider, Common +
Eider, King
**Falcon, Peregrine +
Finch, House (i) +
Finch, Purple +@
Flicker, Northern +
Flycatcher, Alder +
Flycatcher, Great Crested +
Flycatcher, Least +
Flycatcher, Olive-sided +
Flycatcher, Willow +
Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied +
Fulmar, Northern
Gadwall
Gannet, Northern
Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray +
Godwit, Hudsonian
Godwit, Marbled
Goldeneye, Barrow's
Goldeneye, Common +@
Goldfinch, American +@
Goose, Canada +@
Goose, Snow
Goshawk, Northern +
Grackle, Common +@
Grebe, Horned
**Grebe, Pied-billed +
Grebe, Red-necked
Grosbeak,Blue
Grosbeak, Evening +@
Grosbeak, Pine
Grosbeak, Rose-breasted +
Grouse, Ruffed +@
Grouse, Spruce +
Guillemot, Black +
Gull, Black-headed
Gull, Bonaparte's
Gull, Glaucous
Gull, Great Black-backed +
Gull, Herring +
Gull, Iceland
Gull, Laughing
Gull, Little
Gull, Ring-billed
Gyrfalcon
*Harrier, Northern +
Hawk, Broad-winged +@
*Hawk, Cooper's +
Hawk, Red-shouldered +
Hawk, Red-tailed +@
Hawk, Rough-legged
Hawk, Sharp-shinned +
Heron, Great Blue +@
Heron, Green +
Heron, Little Blue
Heron, Tricolored
Heron, Black-crowned Night- +
Heron, Yellow-crowned NightHummingbird, Ruby-throated +
Hummingbird, Rufous@
Ibis, Glossy
Jaeger, Parasitic
Jaeger, Pomarine
Jay, Blue +@
Jay, Gray +
Junco, Dark-eyed +@
Kestrel, American +
Killdeer +
Kingbird, Eastern +
Kingbird, Western
Kingfisher, Belted +
Kinglet, Golden-crowned +
Kinglet, Ruby-crowned +
Kittiwake, Black-legged
33
Knot, Red
Lark, Horned +
Longspur, Lapland
*Loon, Common +@
Loon, Red-throated
Mallard +
*Martin, Purple +
Meadowlark, Eastern +
Merganser, Common +@
Merganser, Hooded +@
Merganser, Red-breasted
Merlin +
Mockingbird, Northern +
Moorhen, Common
Murre, Common
*Nighthawk, Common +
Nuthatch, Red-breasted +
Nuthatch, White-breasted +
Oldsquaw
Oriole, Baltimore +
Oriole, Orchard +
*Osprey +@
Ovenbird +
Owl, Barred +
Owl, Boreal
Owl, Eastern Screech- +
Owl, Great Gray
Owl, Great Horned +@
Owl, Long-eared
Owl, Northern Hawk
Owl, Northern Saw-whet +
Owl, Short-eared
Owl, Snowy
Parula, Northern +
Phalarope, Red
Phalarope, Red-necked
Phalarope, Wilson's
Pheasant, Ring-necked (i) +
Phoebe, Eastern +
Pintail, Northern
Pipit, American +
Plover, Black-bellied
Plover, American Golden**Plover, Piping
Plover, Semipalmated
Rail, King
Rail, Virginia +
Raven, Common +
Razorbill
Redhead
Redpoll, Common
Redpoll, Hoary
Redstart, American +
Robin, American +@
Sanderling
Sandpiper, Baird's
Sandpiper, Buff-breasted
Sandpiper, Least
Sandpiper, Pectoral
Sandpiper, Purple
Sandpiper, Semipalmated
Sandpiper, Solitary
Sandpiper, Spotted +
Sandpiper, Stilt
**Sandpiper, Upland +
Sandpiper, Western
Sandpiper, White-rumped
Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied +
Scaup, Greater
Scaup, Lesser
Scoter, Black
Scoter, Surf
Scoter, White-winged
Shearwater, Cory's
Shearwater, Greater
Shearwater, Manx
Shoveler, Northern
**Shrike, Loggerhead
Shrike, Northern
Siskin, Pine +
Snipe, Common +
Sora +
Sparrow, American Tree
Sparrow, Chipping +
Sparrow, Clay-colored
Sparrow, Field +
Sparrow, Fox
Sparrow, Grasshopper +
**Sparrow, Henslow's
Sparrow, House (i) +
Sparrow, Lark
Sparrow, Lincoln's +
Sparrow, Savannah +
Sparrow, Seaside +
Sparrow, Nelson's Sharp-tailed
Sparrow, Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed +
Sparrow, Song +@
Sparrow, Swamp +
Sparrow, Vesper +
Sparrow, White-crowned
Sparrow, White-throated +
Starling, European (i) +@
Storm-Petrel, Leach's
Storm-Petrel, Wilson's
Swallow, Bank +
Swallow, Barn +@
Swallow, Cliff +
Swallow, Northern Roughwinged +
Swallow, Tree +
Swan, Mute (i) +
Swan, Tundra
Swift, Chimney +
Tanager, Scarlet +
Teal, Blue-winged +
Teal, Green-winged +
*Tern, Arctic +
Tern, Black
Tern, Caspian
**Tern, Common +
**Tern, Common +
Tern, Forster's
*Tern, Least
*Tern, Roseate
Tern, Royal
Thrasher, Brown +
Thrush, Bicknell's +@
Thrush, Gray-cheeked
Thrush, Hermit +
Thrush, Swainson's +
Thrush, Varied
Thrush, Wood +@
Titmouse, Tufted +@
34
Towhee, Eastern +
Turkey, Wild +@
Turnstone, Ruddy
Veery +
Vireo, Philadelphia +
Vireo, Red-eyed +
Vireo, Solitary +
Vireo, Warbling +
Vireo, White-eyed
Vireo, Yellow-throated +
Vulture, Turkey +
Vulture, Black
Warbler, Bay-breasted +
Warbler, Black-and-white +
Warbler, Black-throated Blue +
Warbler, Black-throated Green +
Warbler, Blackburnian +
Warbler, Blackpoll +
Warbler, Blue-winged +
Warbler, Canada +
Warbler, Cape May +
Warbler, Cerulean +
Warbler, Chestnut-sided +
Warbler, Connecticut
Warbler, Golden-winged +
Warbler, Magnolia +
Warbler, Mourning +
Warbler, Nashville +
Warbler, Orange-crowned
Warbler, Palm +
Warbler, Pine +
Warbler, Prairie+
Warbler, Tennessee +
Warbler, Wilson's +
Warbler, Yellow +
Warbler, Yellow-rumped +
Warbler, Yellow-throated
Waterthrush, Louisiana +
Waterthrush, Northern +
Waxwing, Bohemian
Waxwing, Cedar +@
Whimbrel
Whip-poor-will +
Wigeon, American
Wigeon, Eurasian
Willet +
Wood-Pewee, Eastern +
Woodcock, American +@
Woodpecker, Black-backed +
Woodpecker, Downy +@
Woodpecker, Hairy +
Woodpecker, Pileated +@
Woodpecker, Red-bellied
Woodpecker, Red-headed +
Woodpecker, Three-toed +
Wren, Carolina +
Wren, House +@
Wren, Marsh +
**Wren, Sedge +
Wren, Winter +
Yellowlegs, Greater
Yellowlegs, Lesser
Yellowthroat, Common +
The
Audubon
Society
provides
opportunities each winter and spring for
back yard bird watchers to help with bird
counts and species. www.audubon.com,
www.nhaudubon.org
New Hampshire Fish and Game also
has up to date species information at
http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/Wildlife/
Wildlife_Plan/critical_habitats_species.ht
m#
Habitats and Inhabitants
Hampstead has a great diversity of
mammals, which includes the Star-nosed
mole, beaver, muskrat, deer, raccoon,
skunk, fox, coyote and equally diverse
array of reptiles and amphibians.
Varieties of turtles enjoy wetland areas
around Hampstead, the Box and Painted
Turtles
being
the
most
common.
Historically Blanding’s Turtle has been
reported, this turtle is an important and
endangered species. Think about where
you may find habitat for all of these
animals and Hampstead’s abundance.
Keeping our lakes, rivers and streams
clean is the key to maintaining habitat
for all of these species. The Eastern Pond
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mussel does its part to filter and clean
our ponds. The following habitats and
related species from NH Fish and Game
show how diverse Hampstead’s natural
resources are and the types of areas
species choose to inhabit.
Small Unfragmented Habitat Mosaics
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Red shouldered hawk
Cooper's hawk
American woodcock
Ruffed grouse
Whip-poor-will
Veery
Wood thrush
Canada warbler
Cerulean warbler
Large Unfragmented Habitat Mosaics
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Goshawk
Black bear
Bobcat
Canada lynx
Wolf
Lake
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Bald eagle
Common loon
Osprey
Round whitefish
Sunapee trout
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Redfin pickerel
Bridled shiner
Redbelly dace
Wood turtle
Louisiana waterthrush
Bald eagle
Common loon
Osprey
Floodplain forest
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Jefferson salamander
Northern leopard frog
Wood turtle
Red shouldered hawk
Cerulean warbler
Eastern red bat
Silver haired bat
Marsh/Wet Meadow & Shrub Swamp
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Banded bog skimmer
Eastern ribbon snake
Blanding's turtle
Spotted turtle
Northern harrier
Least bittern
Pied-billed grebe
Common moorhen
Great blue heron (rookery)
American bittern
King rail
Black duck
Sedge wren
Eastern red bat
Silver haired bat
Riverine
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Cobblestone tiger beetle
Puritan tiger beetle
Dwarf wedge mussel
Brook floater mussel
Eastern pond mussel
Swamp darter
Banded sunfish
Tessellated darter
Brook lamprey
Round whitefish
Finescale dace
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become difficult, native aquatic species
are damaged, and control methods
difficult, costly and potentially harmful.
Invasive plant species can “hitch hike” on
Invasive Exotic Species on
birds and mammals and boats and
Land and in the Water
water body be sure to check your gear
An invasive exotic species is one that is
for
not
is
recommendations of NH Marine Patrol
aggressive enough to “choke out” native
and New Hampshire Department of
from
New
Hampshire
and
watercraft. When you depart from a
plants. An example of this is Purple
Loosestrife, which takes over disturbed
sides of roads and marshy areas. Some
of the species it competes with are food
sources for native animals.
exotic
species
and
follow
the
Environmental Services. Highlighted are
the area water bodies in and around
Hampstead that are known to have
invasive aquatic species.
Please watch for invasive species and do
you part to be informed about which
In the water, both Angle Pond and Big
Island Pond have been identified to have
invasive species such as Fanwort and
Water
Chestnut.
Many
surrounding
species are helpful and which are
harmful. Plant species you know are not
invasive and do not throw aquarium
plants into water bodies.
southern NH lakes and ponds have been
infested with Variable and Eurasian
Milfoil. Many of these plants become so
predominant that recreational activities
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Natural Resource Volunteer Opportunities in Hampstead
Angle Pond Association
Big Island Pond Lake Association
Lay Lakes Water Quality Monitoring Program
Hampstead Conservation Commission
Conservation Easements for Your Property
Keep Hampstead Beautiful- Roadside cleanup sponsorship
NH DES Weed Watch Program
Sunset Lake Association
Volunteer Your Personal Habits!
For More Information Consult
Audubon Society of New Hampshire
NH Department of Environmental Service
NH Fish and Game
NH Public Television-Nature Works
UNH Cooperative Extension
UNH Granit Data
UNH Lay Lakes Monitoring Program
Town of Hampstead Website
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