2013 Conference Agenda - Western Aquatic Plant Management

32nd Annual
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society
Annual Conference
March 25 – 27, 2013
Coeur d’Alene Resort ~ Coeur d’Alene, Idaho
WWW.WAPMS.ORG
Past WAPMS Meetings Sites and Presidents 2013
2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 Coeur d’Alene, ID
San Diego, CA Westminster, CO Seattle, WA Honolulu, HI Tahoe City, CA Coeur d’Alene, ID San Diego, CA (25th Meeting) Denver, CO Bellevue, WA Sacramento, CA Coeur d’Alene, ID Las Vegas, NV Bozeman, MT Reno, NV San Diego, CA Seattle, WA Portland, OR Sacramento, CA Coeur d’Alene, ID Tucson, AZ Salt Lake City, UT Seattle, WA Sparks, NV Honolulu, HI Fresno, CA Boise, ID San Diego, CA Phoenix, AZ Spokane, WA Las Vegas, NV 1982 Denver, CO 1981 Formation Interest meeting, San Diego, CA - Floyd
Colbert and Lars Anderson (Co-chairs) Mark Sytsma
Toni Pennington Thomas Moorhouse Robert Leavitt Tom McNabb Scott Shuler Ross O’Connell/ Lars Anderson Jenifer Parsons George Forni Terry McNabb Shaun Hyde Mike Mizumoto Ron Crocket Valerie Van-Way Stuart Perry Kathy Hamel Mark Sytsma Vanelle Peterson Fred Ryan Paul Beatty Lars Anderson David Spencer Richard Thiery Tom McNabb Barbra H. Mullin Fred Nibling Winn Winkyaw Randall Stocker Nate Dechoretz Les Sonder Terry McNabb First Business Meeting
Terry McNabb (President); Paul
Beaty (VP) Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 2 2013 WAPMS Corporate Sponsors
Thank you for your continued support!
Silver Sponsors
Bronze Sponsors
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 3 Board of Directors
Mark Sytsma
President
Portland State Univ.
Portland, OR
Toni Pennington
Past President
Tetra Tech, Inc.
Portland, OR
Cody Gray
Vice-President
United Phosphorus, Inc.
Peyton, CO
Andrea Austel-Sealock
Secretary & Treasurer
Cygnet Enterprises, Inc.
Concord, CA
Patrick Akers
Director & Newsletter Ed.
California Department of Food
and Agriculture
Sacramento, CA
Mike Stephenson
Director
Big Bear Municipal Water
District
Big Bear Lake, CA
Toni Pennington
Interim Secretary & Treasurer
Tetra Tech, Inc.
Portland, OR
Hamish Kassa
Director
Paul Westcott
Director
Applied Biochemists, a
Lonza business
Phoenix, AZ
Columbia Shuswap Regional
District
Salmon Arm, B.C.
The objectives of the Society shall be to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Establish a forum for the exchange of information on aquatic vegetation management
techniques, strategies, and research through periodic meetings and other appropriate
means.
Cooperate with local, state, regional, and national agencies, both public and private, in
the identification of and solution to aquatic vegetation problems.
Promote uniformity and coordination of activities among agencies concerned with the
regulatory aspects of aquatic plant management.
Encourage scientific research and assist in promoting the control and management of
aquatic plants through scientifically sound procedure.
Recognize and promote scientific advancement of the members and facilitate the
education of aquatic plant scientists through scholarship and other assistance programs.
Extend and develop public interest in, and understanding of, aquatic plant management
problems and solutions.
Cooperate with local chapters and other organizations with similar and related interests.
The Western Aquatic Plant Management Society geographic region includes the states of:
Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, New Mexico, Montana,
Utah, Washington, and Wyoming
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 4 32nd Annual
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society
Annual Conference
March 25-27, 2013
Coeur d’Alene Resort
115 South Second Street
Coeur d’Alene, ID 83816
PROGRAM
Monday, March 25
2:00 - 6:00
Registration (Bay 3)
2:00 - 6:00
Exhibitor Setup (Bay 3)
4:00 - 5:00
Board of Directors Meeting (Boardroom 7)
6:00 - 8:00
President’s Reception, hosted by Mark Sytsma, President, WAPMS
(Bay 2)
Tuesday, March 26
8:00 - 9:00
Resort Continental (Bay 3)
Session I (Bay 4):
Moderator: Mark Sytsma (President, WAPMS), Portland State University
9:00 - 9:10
Welcome: Mark Sytsma (President, WAPMS), Portland State University
9:10 – 9:40
Keynote: Update on Efforts to Relieve the Double Permitting of
Aquatic Pesticides
Tom Myrum, Executive Director, Washington State Water Resources
Association
9:40 – 10:00
Which End Do I Need to Load?
Carlton Layne, Executive Director, Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration
Foundation
10:00 –10:20
Herbicide Resistance and Resistance Management in an Aquatic
Environment
Cody J Gray, United Phosphorus, Inc.
10:20 – 10:40
Break (Bay 3)
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 5 Session II (Bay 4):
Moderator: Joe Vassios, United Phosphorus, Inc.
10:40 –11:00
From Identification to Operational Scale Eurasian Watermilfoil
Control, 2007 to 2012 – Noxon Rapids Reservoir, Montana
Tom Moorhouse and Tom McNabb; Clean Lakes, Inc.
11:20 - 11:40
Demonstration and Evaluation of Herbicides to Control Eurasian
Watermilfoil in Fort Peck Lake, Montana
Toni Pennington, Tetra Tech, Inc.
Kurt D. Getsinger, John Skogerboe, Patricia Gilbert; US Army Corps of
Engineers
Tom Moorhouse, Clean Lakes, Inc.
11:40 - 12:00
Variable Leaf Milfoil Eradication Projects of Western Washington
Nathan Lubliner and Jenifer Parsons; Washington Department of Ecology
12:00 - 1:30
Lunch on Your Own
Session III (Bay 4):
Moderator: Paul Westcott, Applied Biochemists
1:30 - 1:50
The Ongoing Effort to Control Invasive Riparian Plants in Grant
County Washington
Curt Carpenter, Moses Lake Irrigation and Rehabilitation District
David L. Klutts, Lakeland Restoration Services, LLC
1:50 - 2:10
New Granular Aquatic Herbicide Formulations and Evolving Use
Patterns
Andrew Z. Skibo and Mark Heilman; SePRO Corporation
2:10 - 2:30
Idaho’s Eurasian Watermilfoil Program
Tom Woolf, Idaho State Department of Agriculture
2:30 - 2:50
Submersed Invasive Species Management in Lakes and Ponds Using
Aquathol
Joe Vassios and Cody J. Gray; United Phosphorus, Inc.
2:50 - 3:20
Break (Bay 3)
Session IV (Bay 4):
Moderator: Cody Gray, (Vice-President, WAPMS) United Phosphorus, Inc.
3:20 – 4:20
Vendor Moment – Vendors take approximately 5 minutes to highlight
products and services
4:20 – 5:00
Annual Business Meeting (Bay 4)
5:45 – 6:15
Board Cruise Boat: Mish-an-Nock
6:15 - 9:15
WAPMS Annual Banquet (Cruise Boat: Mish-an-Nock)
Wednesday, March 27
7:00 - 8:00
Resort Continental (Bay 3)
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 6 Session V (Bay 4):
Moderator: Toni Pennington, (Past President, WAPMS), Tetra Tech Inc.
8:00 - 8:20
Flowering Rush: Washington’s Efforts to Track and Control this
Invasive Plant
Jenifer Parsons, Washington Department of Ecology
8:20 – 8:40
Video of Flowering Rush Invasion of the Columbia River System
Peter M. Rice, University of Montana
Frank Tyro, Salish Kootenai College
8:40 – 9:10
Effect of Shading on Flowering Rush and Control Efforts in the
Yakima River
Seven O. Link, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
9:10 – 9:30
Submersed Flowering Rush Suppression Trials in Montana and
Wisconsin
Peter M. Rice, University of Montana
Steve Fleming, Archibald Lake Association Board
Virgil Dupuis, Alvin Mitchell; Salish Kootenai College
Tom Moorhouse, Tom McNabb; Clean Lakes, Inc.
9:30 – 9:50
Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) Influence on Habitat and Food
Web Implications to Native Fishes in the Flathead Basin (Student
Presentation)
Jerome O’Brien*, Virgil Dupuis; Salish Kootenai College
Peter M. Rice, University of Montana
9:50-10:20
Break (Bay 3)
Session VI (Bay 4):
Moderator: Mike Stephenson, Big Bear Municipal Water District
10:20 – 10:30
North American Lake Management Society Update
Terry M. McNabb, AquaTechnex, LLC
10:30 – 10:40
Aquatic Plant Management Society Update
Terry Goldsby, President, APMS
10:40 - 11:00
Point-Intercept on Steroids: It’s Not Just Presences/Absence Anymore
Ray D. Valley, Matt Johnson; Contour Innovations, LLC
K. Dean Jones, University of Florida
Martha Barton, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Donna Dustin, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Justin Nawrocki, North Carolina State University
11:00 - 11:20
Integrating Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Mapping with Aquatic
Herbicide Treatments
Thomas J. McNabb and Tom Moorhouse; Clean Lakes, Inc.
11:20 – 11:40
Mechanical Aquatic Vegetation Removal with the Aquatic Vegetation
Rake (AVR)
William (Bill) Fuchs, Maximized Water Management, LLC
11:40 - 1:00
Lunch on Your Own
Session VII (Bay 4):
Moderator: Thomas Moorhouse, Clean Lakes, Inc.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 7 1:00 - 1:20
Aquatic Plant Invasion in the Far North – Elodea nuttallii
Cecil Rich, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Brianne Blackburn, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Agriculture
Darcy Etcheverry, Fairbanks Soil and Water Conservation District
1:20 - 1:40
Clean Boats Clean Waters at Diamond Lake, WA
Geri Guinn, DLIA
1:40 - 2:00
A Tale of Twin Lakes, Washington
Kyle Langan, Terry M. McNabb; AquaTechnex, LLC
Shaun Hyde, SePRO Corporation
2:20 - 2:40
Invasive Marine Seagrass, Zostera japonica: a) Effects on Shellfish
Production, ESA Species and Estuarine Processes and b) Control
Options
Kim Patten and Nick Haldeman; Washington State University Long Beach
Research and Extension Unit
2:40 - 3:10
Break (Bay 3)
Session VIII (Bay 4):
Moderator: Vanessa Morgan, Portland State University
3:10 - 3:30
Six Years of Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
Management in North Idaho Waters
Terry M. McNabb, AquaTechnex, LLC
3:30 - 3:50
The Use of Algaecides in Adaptive Water Resource Management
John Rodgers, Clemson University
3:50 - 4:10
Advancing the Science of Algaecide Formulations for Improved Algae
Management
Dave C. Blodget and West Bishop; SePRO Corporation
4:10 - 4:30
Aeration as a Lake/Pond Management Tool
Bob Robinson, Kasco Marine
4:30
MEETING ADJOURNED
3:10 - 5:30
Vendor and Exhibitor Breakdown
4:30 – 5:30
WAPMS Board of Directors Meeting (Bay 4)
Poster Session (Bay 3)
Elodea Threatens Alaska’s Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Cecil Rich, US Fish and Wildlife Service
Brianne Blackburn, Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources, Div. of Agriculture
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 8 32nd Annual
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society
Annual Conference
March 25 – March 27, 2013
Coeur d’Alene Resort
115 South Second Street
Coeur d’Alene, ID 83816
ABSTRACTS
In Alphabetical Order by Presenting Author
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Advancing the Science of Algaecide Formulations for Improved Algae Management
Dave C. Blodget and West Bishop; SePRO Corporation
Nuisance and noxious algae are increasingly impacting the use and safety of our freshwater
resources. Two algaecide formulations were researched and developed to more efficiently
address these expanding problematic algae afflictions. Two studies were designed with
objectives to compare; 1) routine pond management programs consisting of copper sulfate versus
SeClear® algaecide and water quality enhancer, 2) copper absorption efficiency and algaecidal
efficacy of Captain® XTR algaecide versus other copper algaecides. Pond management programs
were compared based on exceeding designated action threshold levels (i.e. mat coverage, color,
clarity, etc.). Total number of applications and overall amount of copper required to maintain
ponds below action threshold levels were documented in copper sulfate versus SeClear
programs. Compared with copper sulfate program, the SeClear pond management program
lowered the overall number of application events required by 30% , decreased the mass of copper
inputs by 40% to maintain ponds below action threshold levels, and resulted in improvements in
water quality parameters and algal assemblage composition. Copper formulation efficiency was
compared by measuring copper remaining in exposure water, adhered externally on the algae,
and absorbed by the algae. Response parameters included chlorophyll a content and algae cell
filament viability following a series of copper exposures to Pithophora infestations. Compared
with other copper formulations tested, Captain XTR exposures produced greater absorbed copper
(average 36%) and resultant decreases (average 57%) in amount of product needed for control.
The expanding algae issues and treatment regulations (i.e. National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System permitting) require more efficient algaecide use and technologies that
provide more effective proactive and reactive solutions for water resource managers. These
studies, and operational field experiences in 2012, demonstrated the technical advances of
SeClear and Captain XTR are improving algae and water quality management.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 9 The Ongoing Effort to Control Invasive Riparian Plants in Grant County Washington
Curt Carpenter, Moses Lake Irrigation and Rehabilitation District
David L. Klutts, Lakeland Restoration Services, LLC
In 2009, and Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan was submitted to Washington
State Department of Ecology to address the proliferation of Riparian Invasive plants surrounding
Moses Lake Washington. A NPDES permit was Issued and treatment began in 2010. In 2011, a
second NPDES was submitted to include the chain of lakes North of Moses Lake extending to
,and including Banks Lake, Washington. The ongoing treatment encompassed 33 square miles in
area.
The Target plants include Invasive Phragmites (Phragmites Australis), Yellow Flag Iris, (Iris
pseudacorus), Tree of heavin (Ailanthus Altissima),Salt Cedar ( Tamarisk spp), and Knotweed
(polygonum).
Included in the talk will be the background of the project ,detailed Maps and discussions of
treatment strategies
Aquatic Plant Invasion in the Far North – Elodea nuttallii
Cecil Rich, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Brianne Blackburn, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture
Darcy Etcheverry, Fairbanks Soil and Water Conservation District
Waterweeds in the genus Elodea are common submerged perennial species native throughout
much of North America, but not as far north as Alaska. Elodea is well documented as an
invasive aquatic plant that has successfully invaded many areas throughout Europe and Asia as
well as New Zealand and Australia. In general, Elodea species are capable of causing large-scale
changes to freshwater ecosystems, including changes in stream-flow dynamics, water nutrients,
dissolved oxygen content, and invertebrate assemblages. Its rapid growth often results in the
displacement of native plants, which can significantly alter fish and aquatic invertebrate habitat.
Since Elodea’s discovery in Chena Slough in the interior of Alaska in 2010, managers around the
state have been working to elevate this invasive plant as a priority. The result of survey efforts in
2011 and 2012 have documented Elodea growing in fourteen waterbodies statewide, from the
most southerly location of Martin Lake near Cordova to the northernmost infestation in the
Chena River at Fairbanks. Each infested waterbody is under varying land management and has
received, or is seeking, funding from different sources. As such, each infestation will be
controlled through different methods, from ‘do nothing’, to utilizing mechanical harvesters, to
aquatic herbicides. A three pronged approach is needed to ensure that Alaska does not succumb
to the growing threat of aquatic invasive plants: an effective outreach campaign to prevent new
introductions from aquariums, and spread through boaters and float planes; sustained funding to
control current Elodea infestations; and a coordinated rapid response system to ensure that newly
discovered populations of aquatic invasive plants are eradicated quickly when found.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 10 Mechanical Aquatic Vegetation Removal with the Aquatic Vegetation Rake (AVR)
William (Bill) Fuchs, Maximized Water Management, LLC
Maximized Water Management LLC developed a mechanical aquatic vegetation removal
attachment for surface water systems based on an excavator platform. The attachment was tested
on multiple aquatic weed species in multiple canal systems throughout eastern Idaho. The
attachment (named the Aquatic Vegetation Rake, or AVR) proved effective in every system, and
the managers of those systems report continuing results as many as three years later.
Herbicide Resistance and Resistance Management in an Aquatic Environment
Cody J Gray, United Phosphorus, Inc.
Terms such as herbicide resistant and herbicide tolerant have been used interchangeably for
several years in the aquatic community; however, these terms cannot be used synonymously. In
herbicide resistance, there is a change in the response of the weed population over time; it is no
longer controlled by the herbicide at the recommended label rate. In herbicide tolerance, there is
no change over time; the population has always been tolerant to the herbicide. This presentation
will address how herbicide resistant populations occur and the basic principles of herbicide
resistance. Additionally, we will discuss the types of herbicide resistance: single resistance, cross
resistance and multiple resistance. Proactive resistance management tactics will be outlined
discussing use across multiple seasons, sequentially throughout a single season and tank
mixtures. We’ll discuss problems encountered in an aquatic environment versus a terrestrial
environment when considering proactive resistance management tactics. Finally, how can an
aquatic applicator implement proactive resistance management in their aquatic management
program?
Clean Boats Clean Waters at Diamond Lake, WA
Geri Guinn, DLIA
In the summer of 2009 one of our Board of Directors visited back East. She reported her
experience at Lake Ontario where she had to wear shoes for all the crunching of zebra mussels
on the beach and in the water. This sparked the Board’s interest and Diamond Lake Improvement
Association started doing research on Quagga/Zebra mussels. Of course the information
overwhelmed us. PP Our mission statement states, “To protect and preserve the water, &
enhance the quality of life on Diamond Lake through planning, visionary leadership & dedicated
volunteers for the benefit of current & future generations.” We knew we had to do something to
prevent infestation in our lake as soon as possible; and at the same time control the milfoil and
other aquatic invasive plants. We only have one public launch and this seemed to be the place to
invest our efforts. We contacted local and WA State agencies for assistance but most did not
understand what we were trying to do. Our Noxious Weed Board, knowing the urgency of the
situation, jumped on the wagon and in September, 2009, we wrote a PP grant with the Dept. of
Ecology requesting $73,000 to implement our idea, an inspection, education and hot wash station
at the boat launch at Diamond Lake. Unfortunately, DLIA had no grant writing experience and
we were denied the grant because DOE, 1) did not understand the power wash, run-off design
into a vegetative swale (recommended by a County engineer), 2) no written permission from
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 11 WDF&W was submitted, and the most interesting of all, 3) DOE did not recognize
Quagga/Zebra mussels as an invasive threat, therefore they determined that we did not need a hot
water wash station just to control milfoil. My, how things have changed in the past three (3)
years.WA Department of Fish & Wildlife (DF&W) is certainly an invaluable agency when
dealing with water in our state. The local agents are wonderful to work with, but the bureaucracy
is a different story. Unfortunately, when we tried to get permission in writing from DF&W to set
up the inspection process on a State launch, access was denied to DLIA. Reasons were that
recreation is more of a priority to the agency than inspection and prevention. Since our wash
station would take up part of the upper parking lot, it could not be approved. We had plans for a
lake host also but since it might take a recreationalist’s parking spot, it was not acceptable to
DF&W. Several meetings were set and letters written to local and State representatives. This
letter from Philip Anderson director of DF&W led to our approval after almost two (2),
frustrating years. There were no provisions for a lake host or wash station at that time. After
more emotional meetings and letters we finally had approval for all of our requests except our
run off. Through contact with Michael Hepp, DOE, we received vital information regarding our
boat wash run-off. In the Best Management Practices Manual “Vehicle and Equipment
Washwater Discharges”, on PP page 16, section 3, “Small Discharges”, it states, “ … discharge
to a landscaped, grassy ground surface, or dirt area where the washwater can soak into the
ground or evaporate….” Now we were all set to go into operation. Mike Wilkinson with DF&W
came to the lake for a training session where more than thirty (30) lake residents learned the
inspection process. We have a couple Rebecca Revard and Lyle Libbert, who have been our lake
hosts since July. They park their RV at the launch and inspect full time Thurs through Monday.
On Tuesdays and Wednesdays volunteers take over during the busy times. Volunteers are also
available during the busy times of holidays to help out the lake hosts. Volunteers are the heart
and soul of the program. Due to technical difficulties we ran the inspection station with
volunteers for the first 10 weeks of the season. Everyone who volunteers is provided a red polo
shirt with Clean Boats Clean Waters on it along with a baseball cap with the logo on the front.
They get to keep these and wear them whenever they do inspections and to meetings to promote
the program. We are getting to be well known around the area. We decided not to invest the
thousands of dollars necessary into a hot water power washer since we did not intend to
decontaminate boats with mussels. That is an area of expertise that we did not qualify for. If we
ever come upon a mussel infested boat, we will contact the Sheriff and DF&W immediately.
Instead, we purchased a small trailer and a generous resident donated a power washer with a 50
gallon tank that we can move easily when needed. Otherwise it is parked right next to the Lake
Hosts’ RV. On opening day, 2012 Diamond Lake Clean Boats Clean Waters inspected its first
boat entering Diamond Lake. Throughout the day we inspected over forty (40) boats. Folks were
very cooperative. We greet them with our name, we are from DLIA, and this is a voluntary
inspection for AIS. We ask if they are aware of AIS. Most are, but we have pamphlets to
distribute and samples to show if they are not aware. Our purpose is not only to prevent boats
from entering our lake with AIS, but also to educate boaters about the dangers and how they can
care for their vessels in order to prevent carrying AIS from one body of water to another. (Private
launches on the lake have been notified to have boats inspected prior to allowing a launch, and
DLIA has offered assistance in locking and securing private launches if necessary.) The
inspection procedure only takes a couple of minutes. After asking, what was the last body of
water the vessel was in; we record the registration number of the boat and compare the state with
the license of the vehicle. We always work with a partner, while one is talking the other is
inspecting. Any license or registration from a state other than WA, OR, or ID sends up red flags
and warrants an extra inspection. A quick yet thorough examination of the vessel and the
recreationalist is ready to launch. We have inspected more than 100 boats on a busy weekend.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 12 We have only found a few with weeds hanging on, and only washed a few due to weeds. No
mussels have been found. Pend Oreille County Sheriff’s Department is extremely supportive of
our program. We share stats with them and they often drive through the launch and almost
weekly come down to inspect boats for registrations and safety regulations. This shows boaters
how serious DLIA is in keeping our waters safe and clean. Although we have no enforcement
power, we know that if we ever have a real problem, one call will have our deputies involved
immediately. DF&W has approved a renovation for our dilapidated launch. Our permission to
operate the inspection/education/wash station was on a trial basis in 2012. We will request
approval for operation in 2013 and we are hoping to receive authorization. We will go to our
County again and pay our yearly $250 special use permit fee in order to proceed with our lake
protection program. After almost three (3) years and hundreds of hours of research, writing,
investigation, training, and fighting, we have completed our first season of Clean Boats Clean
Waters on Diamond Lake. Thanks to Wisconsin and Michigan for sharing their tried and proven
methods for the program. The residents at Diamond Lake are committed to protecting and
preserving our beautiful waters and are willing to work hard to accomplish this; in fact we pay
for every aspect of it. We hope to improve our program each season and continue to educate
others to protect our waters.
A Tale of Twin Lakes, Washington
Kyle Langan, Terry M. McNabb; AquaTechnex, LLC
Shaun Hyde, SePRO Corporation
Eutrophication is a natural againg process encountered in all water bodies. This process is
accelerated in many developed watersheds (i.e. urban, agriculture) due to the loading and
accumulation of phosphorus in bottom sediments of water bodies. When excess phosphorus
begins to have undesirable impacts to water quality, the impacts may be considered a form of
pollution. Two eutrophic lakes (Lake Lorene and Lake Jeanne) in Western Washington have
progressively experienced negative impacts of phosphorus pollution, such as; poor water clarity,
chronic nusiance algae growth, cyanobacteria blooms and cyanobacteria toxins. In recent years,
traditional management techniques had not provided acceptable water quality conditions in these
lakes. A different management approach targeting the inactivation the inactivation of in-lake
phosphorus was proposed to the respective homeowner associations (HOA). The Lake Lorene
HOA elected to implement a Phoslock phosphorus mitigation program (split, June 2012 and
Spring 2013) while Lake Jeanne elected to continue with a reactive (on-call) algae control
program. In Lake Lorene, total phopsphorus levels declined by 40% and free reactive
phosphorus (i.e. ortho - phosphorus) declined by 53% 136 days following the application of
Phoslock. Secchi disc transparency was to the bottom (2.7 meters) pre-treatment as was sustain
at or near the bottom thorughout the season. Thirty days after application there was an algae
community shift to 100% green algae and diatoms, with no measureable cyanobacteria, and these
conditoins were sustained throughout the final sampling event in October. In contrast, Lake
Jeanne continued to experience poor water clarity and dense cyanobacteria blooms mid summar
and early fall, as reactive algaecide applications only provided shor-term relief (weeks) in the
phosphorus rich environment of Lake Jeanne. An attack on phosphorus pollution using Phoslock
provided this lake community an effective and environmentally compatible solution to
counteract eutrophication and restore water quality.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 13 Effect of Shading on Flowering Rush and Control Efforts in the Yakima River
Seven O. Link, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
Shading was investigated as a control strategy for flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus). The
effect of shading on growth was determined in a greenhouse. Six levels of light were created to
determine the level of shade required to significantly reduce growth. Shade for 142 days at 35%
full sun and lower significantly reduced new leaf emergence density (0.042 ± 0.037 #
leaves/rhizome length, n = 15) below that at 75 and 100% full light (0.22 ± 0.045, n = 10). Shade
levels were determined for broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia, 8% full sun), softstem bulrush
(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, 28% full sun), and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea,
10% full sun) growing along the Yakima River; levels that may weaken flowering rush.
Efforts to control flowering rush were tested in 2010. All plants were treated with Aqua Neat
(6.4 oz/acre, 5% solution) mixed with Agri Dex (3 oz/acre, 2% solution) using a Fimco L6-15EC spot sprayer on August 21 and 22, 2010. Populations were characterized in seven plots
before treatment in 2010 and reassessed in 2011 to determine if a one-time herbicide treatment
would significantly reduce populations. There was no significant change in population
characteristics after herbicide application. Thus, one-time application of Aqua Neat (6.4 oz/acre,
5% solution) mixed with Agri Dex (3 oz/acre, 2% solution) had no significant effect on
flowering rush.
Possible strategies for instituting shade as a control mechanism include planting trees and
emergents plus the use of floating weed cloth. Repeated herbicide application with shading may
be sufficient to significantly reduce populations.
Variable Leaf Milfoil Eradication Projects of Western Washington
Nathan Lubliner and Jenifer Parsons; Washington Department of Ecology
After genetic analysis confirmed variable leaf milfoil populations in five lakes in Western
Washington, it was designated as a class A noxious weed by the Washington State Noxious
Weed Control Board in 2008. With the class A noxious weed designation requiring eradication,
Ecology began funding variable leaf milfoil eradication projects in 2009. Eradication efforts
have involved hand pulling, and herbicide application with varying degrees of efficacy. This talk
will review eradication efforts to date on all five lakes as well as look at future plans.
Six Years of Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) Management in North
Idaho Waters
Terry M. McNabb, AquaTechnex, LLC
Eurasian Milfoil (Myrophyllum spicatum) was recognized in 2006 by the Idaho State Legislature
as a major issue affecting lake water quality, habitat and recreational use throughout the state.
Aquatechnex had been supporting the Bonner County Noxious Weed Control Program since
2004 and had conducted trials with Renovate Herbicide in these waters as part of the EPA
registration process. The Idaho Legislature in 2006 developed a funding source and program
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 14 within ISDA to provide grant funding to target this noxious aquatic weed. Aquatechnex was
selected to manage Lake Pend Oreille, Priest Lake and Lake Coeur d\'Alene\'s infestations.
The Lake Pend Oreille Project in 2006 targeted over 4,000 acres along over 70 miles of shoreline
with a combination of Sonar PR, Renovate Liquid, Dow DMA 4 Liquid and Navigate aquatic
herbicide. Our firm has performed additional monitoring and treatment from 2009 through 2011
on this project. Each year, Aerial Shoreline Analysis image data and boat inspection have been
used to track the result of this treatment. The majority of the areas treated with Sonar PR remain
relatively milfoil free through the summer of 2012, providing over six years or control from
those applications.
The Priest Lake project was challenging, water exchange in that lake from wind driven currents
often causes rapid disspatation from treatment zones. Treatments in 2008 through 2011 where
performed and over time modified to meet the specific conditions present in that lake system. A
shift to late night application when winds were calm resulted in excellent control.
The southern portion of Lake Coeur d\'Alene has been managed by our firm through contracts
with the Coeur d\'Alene Tribe and Avista Corporation. At the start of this mission in 2006, there
were well in excess of 2,000 acres heavily infested with monocultures of this noxious aquatic
weed. Our team used a combination of herbicides and herbicide containment systems to
signficantly reduce the Eurasian Milfoil populations in these areas in the years since.
We will present these three case studies through this presentation.
North American Lake Management Society Update
Terry M. McNabb, AquaTechnex, LLC
The North American Lake Management Society this past year elected an Aquatic Plant Manager
to their leadership role, Terry McNabb was selected to take the position of President Elect, and
will move to up through to President and Past President in the coming years. Terry served twice
as the president of the Western Aquatic Plant Management Society and once as the President of
the Aquatic Plant Management Society.
NALMS has started to see how important management of aquatic invasive species are in the role
of the lake manager. In the past few years, dedicated portions of their annual meeting have
focused on presenting papers on successful strategies. Through this short tak, NALMS would
like to communicate the following to those of us in the Aquatic Plant Management Field.
There is a benefit to membership in this organization. It is an opportunity to expand our
knowledge beyond aquatic plant management to better serve our clients. It is an opportunity to
continue to expand the exposure of our field within the broader context of lake management.
NALMS has a certification program that all of us should consider. The Certified Lake Manager
and Certified Lake Management Professional (CLM/CMP) program has been around for a
number of years, but at this point there are only about 70 professionals that have gone through
the qualification process. We would encourage you to review this program and see if it is
something you would like to participate in. Certification adds to your credibility with your client
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 15 base and potential client base if you are in the aquaitc plant management business. If you are
with an agency it highlights your expertise.
NALMS has recognized that the third leg of the Clean Water Act (Point Source, Nonpoint source
and watershed and lake restoration) has been largely ignored in the past decade. There has been
an institutionalization of the thought process that correcting point source pollution and watershed
management will fix problems in lakes. Too often investments in these areas have not resulted in
any improvement in lake water quality because of the accumulation of phopshorus pollution in
these systems. There is a need to bring back the lake management portion of the equation and
NALMS is working toward this goal, this is something we would like support in and aquatic
plant managers are often closest to the lake association.
Lastly, the Western United States will be hosting the Annual NALMS Symposium this year. The
meeting will be held in San Diego in late October and will be an excellent opportunity to present
your work, to learn and to interface with lake professionals and lake associations from around the
US. Please consider this as you put your schedule together for the year.
We'd like to work hand in hand with groups like WAPMS and appreciate your consideration.
Integrating Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Mapping with Aquatic Herbicide Treatments
Thomas J. McNabb and Tom Moorhouse; Clean Lakes, Inc.
In support of Evaluating Operational Tools and Strategies for Large Scale Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation (SAV) Management, SAV data was collected pre and post treatment on various
operational control programs in Idaho, Montana and Florida. The data was collected to document
SAV coverage, height and bio-volume in the treatment plots to support the documentation of pre
and post treatment SAV presence, and to support control efficacy evaluations. The data
generated will be presented.
From Identification to Operational Scale Eurasian Watermilfoil Control, 2007 to 2012 –
Noxon Rapids Reservoir, Montana
Tom Moorhouse and Tom McNabb; Clean Lakes, Inc.
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) was first identified in Noxon Rapids Reservoir,
Montana in 2007. Noxon Rapids Reservoir is located in Montana on the Clark Fork River in the
upper Columbia River Basin. The reservoir is a run of the river system that required
understanding of water release management for power generation and other factors to support
developing a management plan for Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM). Management efforts began
after a positive identification of EWM presence in 2007 that included trials and demonstrations
in 2009 and 2010 led by the US Army Corps of Engineers who coordinated contact and exposure
time (CET) evaluations with liquid formulations of triclopyr, endothall, and diquat; the
GeoResources Institute (GRI – Mississippi State University) who carried out aquatic vegetation
identification and GIS/GPS based vegetation mapping for efficacy evaluation purposes; and
Clean Lakes, Inc., who provided application expertise and program support for the liquid
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 16 herbicide applications with Littoral Zone Treatment Technology (Littline®). Cooperators
included Avista Corporation, Sanders County, MT, Montana State University Extension, and the
Noxon Cabinet Shoreline Coalition. An overview of the 2009-2010 research evaluations and the
2012 operational scale treatments will be provided.
Flowering Rush: Washington’s Efforts to Track and Control this Invasive Plant
Jenifer Parsons, Washington Department of Ecology
Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) has been found in one wetland, one lake, and four rivers in
Washington State. In the rivers the flowering rush is on the move, and discouragingly
unstoppable. Hand removal and covering have been tried, yet the populations are increasing and
spreading. In the lake, the flowering rush has been the subject of field trials of the herbicides
triclopyr, a combination of triclopyr and 2,4-D, imazamox, and diquat. Our results showed that
only the diquat provided control, and that was limited to the above ground biomass during the
season of treatment. Additional data will be collected one year post-treatment (spring 2013) to
determine if any control carried over to the following year.
Demonstration and Evaluation of Herbicides to Control Eurasian Watermilfoil in Fort
Peck Lake, Montana
Toni Pennington, Tetra Tech, Inc.
Kurt D. Getsinger, John Skogerboe, Patricia Gilbert; US Army Corps of Engineers
Tom Moorhouse, Clean Lakes, Inc.
The distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) has spread rapidly across
waterbodies in Montana since first reported in 2007. Fort Peck Lake, located in northeastern
Montana, is 240,000 surface acres with 1,520 miles of dendritic shoreline. Eurasian watermilfoil
was first observed in 2010 and is now found in over 100 locations scattered around the lake.
Field trials were conducted at four locations to evaluate potential herbicide options for
controlling Eurasian watermilfoil in Fort Peck Lake. One site incorporated the use of a barrier
curtain to limit herbicide exposure to bulk water exchange processes. Applications of endothall
(2,000 ppb) and endothall (2,500 ppb) plus triclopyr (2,000 ppb) were used in combination with
rhodamine WT, a tracer dye to measure real-time water exchange patterns within the treated
plots. Endothall concentrations in Plot 1 (with the barrier curtain) averaged 1,524 ppb across the
4.2 acre plot within 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Endothall concentration in Plot 2 (8 acres)
was consistently below 300 ppb throughout the study period and triclopyr was 390 ppb at 6
HAT. Endothall concentration in Plot 3 (6.4 acres) was 700 ppb within 24 HAT and triclopyr
concentration was near 800 ppb for up to 48 HAT. Preliminary plant assessments (four weeks
after treatment) indicate effective control of Eurasian watermilfoil in Plots 1 and 3; however,
water exchange processes reduced the contact exposure and exposure time of herbicides to
milfoil in Plot 2, as indicated by herbicide residues and water exchange information. Geographic
information system (GIS) was used to identify potential areas of milfoil infestation and to target
future control sites, particularly those where a barrier curtain may be used to prolong contact
time.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 17 Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) Influence on Habitat and Food Web Implications
to Native Fishes in the Flathead Basin
Jerome O’Brien*, Virgil Dupuis; Salish Kootenai College
Peter M. Rice, University of Montana
The aquatic invasive macrophyte flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) directly affects and
causes impacts to environmental quality, recreation, wildlife, and irrigation water delivery. What
is not known are the implications flowering rush has on native fish populations and overall water
quality. It has been Salish Kootenai College Extension’s top priority to quantify and analyze
these implications, to evaluate impacts and implement management actions throughout the
Flathead Lake region and the Columbia River Basin. The overall goal of this research is to gather
basic information which will help assess how flowering rush expansion will impact fish habitat
and native fish recovery in the Flathead Basin. This includes the native bull trout and the
cutthroat trout, which are species of cultural and ecological concern on the Flathead Reservation.
Flowering rush is becoming so well established in Flathead Lake, upper and lower Flathead
River, and the upper reaches of the 900-mile Columbia River, that it has the possibility of
altering crucial food-web interactions that will result in a fishery dominated by non-native
species and a declining native fish population. These expanding stands of flowering rush are
providing habitats for introduced fish species that are obligate vegetation spawners and/or
ambush predators of the native fish species such as the cutthroat and bull trout, and juvenile
salmon. These vegetation adapted piscivorous species include small and large mouth bass,
yellow perch, and northern pike. This research into flowering rush food-web interactions is the
first to document environmental conditions created by a flowering rush invasion and will provide
information as to the future conditions of an unmitigated spread.
Invasive Marine Seagrass, Zostera japonica: a) Effects on Shellfish Production, ESA
Species and Estuarine Processes and b) Control Options
Kim Patten and Nick Haldeman; Washington State University Long Beach Research and
Extension Unit
Over the past decade, thousands of hectares of thick stands of the non-native eelgrass, Zostera
japonica, have become established on most of Willapa Bay, WA intertidal mudflats. From an
ecosystems service perspective, Z. japonica has many supporters among state and federal
agencies’ biologists. The shellfish industry, however, claims that Z. japonica results in major
reduction in production, increased harvest cost, and deleterious
modifications in estuarine processes. Numerous replicated research trials were conducted from
2007 to 2012 to assess: a) the effects of Z. japonica on Manila clam production, b) its potential
impacts on estuarine processes and ecosystem function, and c) viable control options. Clam
growth, production, recruitment and net revenue were usually reduced by Z. japonica, but
treatment significance was highly site-dependent. The net dollar returns on sites where Z.
japonica was removed increased by an average of $16,000/ha. Differences in sedimentation rates
and elevation were site-dependent, but lower sedimentation rates and site elevations were usually
found in sites where Z. japonica was controlled. Based on sturgeon feeding pit densities, Z.
japonica significantly reduced critical foraging habitat for the threatened Southern DPS
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 18 American Green Sturgeon. A white paper which provides an analysis of impacts, ecological
functions,
and
risks
of
Z.
japonica
was
prepared.
http://pcsga.net/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/Final-Japonica-White-Paper-051811.pdf. The Washington State
Noxious Weed Board listed Z. japonica as a Class C noxious weed in November 2012. Selective
control of Z. japonica was obtained using the herbicide imazamox (34 to 138 g ai/ha) when
eelgrass was exposed during low tides. Non-target impacts to native eelgrass Z. marina were
minimized as long as it was covered by a layer of water that resulted in an exposure time of ~<3
hours and concentration of ~<150 ppm. An ecological risk assessment of the use of imazamox to
control Z. japonica in Willapa Bay, WA is available. http://pcsga.net/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/Final-Japonica-White-Paper-051811.pdf. The use of imazamox for Z.
japonica management is scheduled for the 2013 season pending a NPDES permit.
Submersed Flowering Rush Suppression Trials in Montana and Wisconsin
Peter M. Rice, University of Montana
Steve Fleming, Archibald Lake Association Board
Virgil Dupuis, Alvin Mitchell; Salish Kootenai College
Tom Moorhouse, Tom McNabb; Clean Lakes, Inc.
Experimental herbicide treatments of submersed flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) were
made in 2011 in Flathead Lake Montana and Archibald Lake Wisconsin. The four Flathead Lake
water column treatments included injections of a combination of liquid triclopyr and endothall, a
combination of liquid triclopyr and 2,4-D, a combination of liquid 2,4-D and endothall, and
liquid endothall alone. In Archibald Lake two granular treatments were tested, endothall alone,
and a combination of triclopyr and 2,4-D. We will report on the results of these trials one year
after treatment and discuss the challenges in depleting the reproductive rhizome reserves of this
invasive macrophyte.
Video of Flowering Rush Invasion of the Columbia River System
Peter M. Rice, University of Montana
Frank Tyro, Salish Kootenai College
Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) is an invasive Eurasian aquatic macrophyte with emerged
and fully submerged forms that can dominate irrigation systems, wetlands, littoral zone of lakes,
river edges and sloughs. Mapping in Flathead Lake Montana has delineated approximately 2,000
acres. It has passed through Kerr Dam and infested the Flathead and Clarks Fork Rivers 165
miles downriver into Lake Pend Oreille in north Idaho. There is also a large infestation near the
headwaters of the southern reach of the Columbia River System in an irrigation system that spills
into American Falls Reservoir on the Snake River. The large infestations at the headwaters of the
Columbia River will continue to spread downstream and infest much of the main stem of the
system. The Flathead Lake hydroelectric facility is operated to reach low pool in early spring,
whereas an unregulated natural lake would reach low pool in late summer. This unnatural late
summer through winter high pool with spring drawdown creates conditions that are favorable to
establishment of flowering rush infestations and disadvantageous to native macrophytes evolved
to a hydrologic cycle with a late summer low pool. It colonizes previously unvegetated portions
of variable drawdown zones. These monotypic colonies in previously open water littoral zones
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 19 are likely to induce cascading ecosystem and trophic effects on the Columbia River System.
However, higher order impacts have not yet been studied. They are likely to include alteration of
sediment transport and deposition, formation of new habitat favorable to introduced fish, and
disadvantages to native trout and salmon. A 12 minute video can be viewed on line from
http://www.weedcenter.org/research/flowering-rush.pdf
Aeration as a Lake/Pond Management Tool
Bob Robinson, Kasco Marine
Worldwide, aeration is perhaps the most widely used tool for managing aquatic systems.
Aeration is most commonly used for treatment of wastewater (EPA, 1989), improvement of
fisheries, mosquito control, ice management, reduction of nutrient loading, sediment
management, improvement of water clarity and control of algae.
Aeration is not a panacea to all water quality problems but it instead should be viewed as one of
the tools in the tool box to effectively manage bodies of water. The intent of this presentation is
to review the pros and cons of various types of aeration/circulation including horsepower
application and pumping rates. Review of what to expect with a properly designed system and a
reminder that all lakes should be viewed as individual organisms within themselves so each
water body responses to management will be different. Two case studies will be discussed that
include the failure of a winterkill prevention aeration system that resulted in a 80% fish die off in
a 6,000 acre reservoir as well as introduction of aeration to immediately stop and prevent further
fish die off from an ongoing fish kill.
The Use of Algaecides in Adaptive Water Resource Management
John Rodgers, Clemson University
Noxious and invasive algae have continued to plague important water resources throughout the
U.S. These crucial water resources are currently used intensively for multiple purposes and often
require an adaptive management strategy to restore these usages. When needs for unimpaired
water are imminent, algaecides are often the preferred approach for interdiction. Important in
mitigation of risks posed by noxious algae is that the “cure is not worse than the disease”. We
have developed and implemented Algal Challenge Testing to efficiently and effectively target
the specific algal species or strain that is prohibiting or interfering with the use of the water
resource. Information derived from the laboratory and thorough field monitoring before and
after treatments has illustrated the practicality of this approach. Further, the information can be
used to put risks of action vs. no action into perspective. This presentation includes two case
studies illustrating an adaptive management approach for water resources.
New Granular Aquatic Herbicide Formulations and Evolving Use Patterns
Andrew Z. Skibo and Mark Heilman; SePRO Corporation
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 20 Efforts continue to introduce new aquatic herbicides and formulations to improve efficacy and
potential selectivity of invasive aquatic plant management in the US at large and the Western
states specifically. Extensive research data on absorption, uptake, and translocation of chelated
copper and systemic herbicides, concentration exposure time (CET) requirements of targeted
submersed aquatic weed species, and relevant environmental parameters that affect in-field
dissipation and resulting efficacies have resulted in novel several novel aquatic herbicide
formulations which will be registered in 2013 and/or further adopted operationally in the field.
A new granular formulation of the chelated copper herbicide Komeen®, Komeen Crystal®
(17.5% copper), demonstrated significant ability to efficiently treat deeper water sites for control
of target weeds such as monoecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata, HYLLI). A new generation of
granular systemic herbicide formulations termed LZR (Littoral Zone Restoration) formulations,
have also been introduced for multiple herbicide actives to improve spatially targeted treatment
of several submersed weed species including Eurasian milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum,
MYPSP), curly-leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus, PTMCR) and monoecious hydrilla
(Hydrilla verticillata, HYLLI). These LZR formulations improve potential concentration
exposure time thus maximizing target species root absorption/uptake for improved control at
lower herbicide use rates. Field and laboratory trials document 1.5-2X increases in Komeen LZR
levels in deeper water of new granular-treated areas. 2012 field results will be presented to
highlight performance advantages of these new formulation improvements.
Point-Intercept on Steroids: It’s Not Just Presences/Absence Anymore
Ray D. Valley, Matt Johnson; Contour Innovations, LLC
K. Dean Jones, University of Florida
Martha Barton, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Donna Dustin, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Justin Nawrocki, North Carolina State University
For over a decade, point-intercept survey methodology for aquatic plants has become a standard
tool for lake resource managers and researchers. The standard methodology entails sampling a
uniform grid of points on a lake and noting presence absence of species at each point with a rake.
It is a relatively rapid way of objectively sampling aquatic plant species communities in a
repeatable fashion. However, the methodology’s primary downfall as a standalone method is its
insensitivity to abundance of plants (i.e., 1 sampled sprig gets the same weight as a large bed at
any one point). Using passive collection of aquatic plant abundance with acoustics while
conducting point-intercept surveys and simple GIS overlay methodology, we demonstrate how
species presence/absence layers can be combined with complementary biovolume (% of water
column occupied by vegetation) data to form a more complete survey of both species AND
abundance. Further, using both species and abundance layers, we developed a ‘dominance’ index
for each species sampled and demonstrate how dominance of any or all species can be used as an
aquatic plant management or lake habitat monitoring tool. Examples from Eurasian watermilfoil
and Hydrilla infested lakes are used, as well as lakes with no known invasive species. Future
applications and models could utilize other environmental datasets (e.g., climate, land cover &
use, water quality, etc.) to model the potential and realized outcome of a host of environmental
stressors on the probability that invasive species will come to dominate a waterbody.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 21 Idaho’s Eurasian Watermilfoil Program
Tom Woolf, Idaho State Department of Agriculture
Idaho initiated an aggressive Eurasian Watermilfoil (EWM) treatment program in 2006. This
was an Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR) program designed to stop expanding EWM
populations in the state. Today EWM treatment continues and in a number of waterbodies and
populations have been reduced to the point where EWM is difficult to find, if not eradicated
from the system. Treatment in other waterbodies has been more complicated and “eradication”
treatment in these areas is directed at high priority and high use areas. The EWM program also
supports a prevention program through the use of watercraft inspection. Watercraft inspection
helps prevent the spread of EWM as well as other invasive weeds and invasive animals such as
zebra and quagga mussels.
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Elodea Threatens Alaska’s Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Cecil Rich, US Fish and Wildlife Service
Brianne Blackburn, Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources, Div. of Agriculture
Until recently, Alaska has been considered free of invasive submerged aquatic plants that greatly
impact freshwater resources in other areas of the world where they are not native. The discovery
of Elodea spp. in Chena Slough in Fairbanks in 2010 drew attention to an established population
in Eyak Lake and led to the discovery of Elodea in other waterbodies near population centers.
Since then, it has been documented in several additional waterbodies in Fairbanks, Anchorage,
Kenai Peninsula, and the Cordova region.
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 22 Notes
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 23 Notes
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 24 Notes
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 25 Notes
Western Aquatic Plant Management Society – March 25 -­‐ 27, 2013 26