Determination of Minimal Depth in Ystad Port for Maximal Expected

Determination of Minimal Depth in Ystad
Port for Maximal Expected Ferries
(T=6.3m)
Lucjan Gucma
Marine Traffic Engineering Institute
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Aim of researches (Piast & Wolin)
• 2 ferries
• safety
• optimization
• conditions
• other
aspects
Line of previous berths
B4
B1
Breakwater
to shorten
Additional
breakwater
m
400
B3
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Aim of researches (m/f Skania)
• New no. 6 berth
• Safety of manouevring aspects
• Conditions of safe operation
•
extreme wind
•
other ships presence
• Fenders recomandation
• Propeller stream bottom protection
B4
B1
B2
B3
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Characteristic ships
m/f WOLIN
Building year
1986 / 2002
Building yard
Moss Rosenberg, Norway (#204)
Owner
Polsteam
Operator
Unity Line (Swinoujscie-Trellborg)
Length (LOA/LPP)
186,02 m / 188,88 m
Breadth
23,7 m
Draft (Ballast/Summer LL)
5,64 m / 5,9 m
DWT
5143 t
GT (Net/Gross)
16.925 / 22.874
Machinery
4 * MAN-B&W 6L 40/45
Propeller
2 variable pitch propeller @
150rpm
Speed
15,5 / 18 kn.
Number of passengers
364
Number of railway tracks
5
Length of railway tracks
817 m / 650 m
Port of registry
Nassau
Flag
Bahamas
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Characteristic ships
m/f PIAST
Operator
Unity Line
Length - LOA
207 m
Breadth
27 m
Draft
6.3 m
Displacement
22100 t
DWT
8000
Machinery
21.600kW at 500rpm,
Propeller
2 propellers turning inside, dia.=4.9m
rpm 145
Speed
21.2kn +/-15%
Rudder
2x70deg. active
Bowthrusters
2x2.300kW
Sternthruster
1x1.200kW
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Characteristic ships
m/f Skania
former Eurostar Roma former Superfast I (build 1995)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
m/f Skania parameters
Parameter
Value
Draft
6,3
[m]
Length between perpendiculars
158
[m]
Length overall
173,7
[m]
Breadth
24,0
[m]
Main engines nominal power (4 x Wärtsilä NSD 12 ZAV 40S)
4x7920
[kW]
RPM of main engines
156
[1/min]
Propeller type (4 bladed)
Controllable pitch
[-]
Time required for main engine to run maximal RPM from 0 RPM
44
[s]
Maximal rudder’s angle
45
[st.]
Lateral windward area
~2800
[m2]
Transverse windward area
~550
[m2]
Total power of bow thrusters
2800
[kW]
Total power of sternthrusters
0
[kW]
Full sea speed ahead
27
[kt]
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation
model
Ferry database:
• Polonia
• Skania
• Gryf
• Wolin
• Jan Sniadecki
• Stena Britannica
• Stena Baltica
• Piast
• Boomerang
Probabilistic approach to manoeuvring area evaluation
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation model PC based
Interface
m/f Skania entering Ystad
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation methods (wind)
Percentage of wind shadowing by analytical model (100% = open sea)
during strong easterly winds
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation methods
Real time simulators – full mission simulator – manouevring course
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation methods
Real time simulators – full mission simulator – manouevring course
Maritime Traffic Engineering Centre
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Maneuvering technique
(m/f Piast & m/f Wolin)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Maneuvering technique m/f Skania
Gray – entrance
White – departure
Blue – moored ships (soft)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Research plan of m/f „Wolin” in Ystad (simulation series)
Series
Manoeuvre
Turning
place
Berth
Wind
Current
Sim. start
0
Entrance
Outside
3
0
0
avanport
1
Entrance
Outside
1
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
approach
2
Entrance
Outside
3
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
avanport
3
Entrance
Outside
4
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
avanport
4
Entrance
Outside
1
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
approach
5
Entrance
Outside
3
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
avanport
6
Entrance
Outside
4
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
avanport
7
Entrance
Outside
3
S 18m/s
0
avanport
8
Entrance
Outside
3
S 20m/s
0
avanport
9
Entrance
Inside
3
S 18m/s
0
avanport
10
Departure
no turn
3
S 20m/s
0
3
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Research plan of m/f „Wolin” in Ystad (simulation series)
Series
Manoeuvre
Turning
place
Berth
Wind
Current
Sim. start
0
Entrance
Outside
3
0
0
avanport
1
Entrance
Outside
1
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
approach
2
Entrance
Outside
3
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
avanport
3
Entrance
Outside
4
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
avanport
4
Entrance
Outside
1
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
approach
5
Entrance
Outside
3
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
avanport
6
Entrance
Outside
4
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
avanport
7
Entrance
Outside
3
S 18m/s
0
avanport
8
Entrance
Outside
3
S 20m/s
0
avanport
9
Entrance
Inside
3
S 18m/s
0
avanport
10
Departure
no turn
3
S 20m/s
0
3
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Research plan of m/f „Piast” in Ystad (simulation series)
Series
Number of
trial
Manoeuvre
Turning
place/side
Berth
no.
Wind
Current
Simul. start
1
0Wej30_2
Entrance
Outside
by Port Side
3
0
0
avanport
2
1Wej3E20_2
Entrance
Outside
by Port Side
3
E 20m/s
270/0,3w
approach
3
2Wej1W20_
2
Entrance
Outside
by Stb. Side
1
W 20m/s
90/0,4w
approach
4
3Wej3S12_2
Entrance
Outside
by Port Side
3
S 12m/s
0
avanport
5
4Wej1S18_2
Entrance
Outside
by Port Side
1
S 18m/s
0
avanport
6
5Wyj3S18_2
Departure
no turn
3
S 18m/s
0
Berth no. 3
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Research plan of m/f Skania in Ystad (simulation series)
Nr
Series
Manoeuvre
Wind
1
1Wej_0
Entering
0
2
3Wej_S15
Entering
S 15m/s
3
4Wyj_S15
Leaving
S 15m/s
4
5Wej_W18
Entering
W 18m/s
5
6Wyj_W18
Leaving
W 18m/s
6
7Wej_S18
Entering
S 18m/s
7
8Wyj_S18
Leaving
S 18m/s
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation methods
Horizontal manoeuvring area evaluation
Probabilistic approach to
manoeuvring area evaluation
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area
Traffic lanes widths during mooring of m/f Skania ferry to berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 15 m/s.
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area
Traffic lanes widths during mooring of m/f Skania ferry to berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 18 m/s.
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area
Traffic lanes widths during unmooring of m/f Skania ferry from berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 18 m/s
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area
Traffic lanes widths during unmooring of m/f Skania ferry from berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind W 18 m/s
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Simulation methods
Real time simulators – full mission simulator
Traffic lanes (entrance E20m/s Piast)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Propeller stream speed on the bottom
PS ( x , y ) (v > v Acc ) =
+∞
∫f
S ( x, y )
(v)dv
v Acc
where:
S(x,y)-stream speed on the (x,y) point of the bottom
fS(v)-distribution of propeller stream speed on the bottom
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Propeller stream speed on the bottom
Covering of propeller stream by the engineering structure
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Propeller stream speed on the bottom
43900
43800
43700
16900
17000
17100
17200
17300
17400
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4 .5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 [m/s]
Maximal speed of propeller stream on the bottom (entrance and berthing to berth
no 6, wind S 18 m/s (7Wej_S18)
17500
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Propeller stream speed on the bottom
43900
43800
43700
16900
17000
17100
17200
17300
Sugested protection area
17400
17500
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Fender system design and opimisation
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Fender system design and opimisation
First contact point with port structure during mooring m/f Skania ferry to berth
no 6 in Ystad. Wind S.15 m/s.
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Fender system design and optimisation
Energy induced in first contact points during mooring of m/f Skania ferry to
berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 15 m/s.
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Results m/f Skania
1. Safe berthing operations of m/f Skania at berth No 6 may be conducted only if the
berth is not occupied.
2. Safe berthing operations of m/f Skania at berth No 6 may be conducted if wind
speed does not exceed 15 m/s, at occupied berths No 1 and 3.
3. Extreme wind speed for safe berthing for m/f Skania at berth No 6 is 18 m/s, at
occupied berths No 1 and 3.
4. Extreme wind speed for safe unberthing for m/f Skania from berth No 6 is 18 m/s, at
occupied berth No 3. Berth No 1 must not be occupied, especially while SE, S or W
winds are concerned.
5. While entering and leaving Ystad harbour at wind speed exceeded 15m/s the
corners of berths No 1, 4 and 6 should be protected by sliding fenders of
appropriate characteristics.
6. Fenders at berth No 6 shall be distributed evenly.
7. Admissible berthing energy that fenders shall withstand is not less than Eadm= 200
kNm.
8. The maximum propeller stream velocity at bottom at berth No 6 is 6 m/s. Suggested
area of bottom to be reinforced is presented in Fig.5.1.
9. Masters of m/f Skania should attend manoeuvring course for Ystad harbour, using
full mission simulator in MTEC.
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation (m/f Piast)
PA = PSA
+∞
∫ f ( s)ds
s
hmin
Probabilistic method of underkeel evaluation
where:
A-accident
fs(s)-extreme ships keel points horizontal distribution
SA-serious accident
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
The model:
Z = ( H 0 + ∑ δ Hoi ) − (T + ∑ δ Ti ) + (∆ Swa + ∑ δ Swi ) + δ N
dHoi
−
uncertainties concerned with depth and its determination,
dTi
−
uncertainties concerned with with draught and its determination,
dSwi
−
uncertainties concerned with water level and its determination.
dN
−
navigational clearance (constant).
Uncertainties
• statistical uncertainties to data
• model uncerainties (requires validation)
Assumptions:
1. Squat – model
2. Sounding error +/-0.1m
3. Mudding +/-0.1m
4. Water level error +/-0.1m
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Real experiments
GPS methods
Location of GPS receivers on the ferry Sniadecki
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Świnoujście wyjście 14.06
1
Huusk
Simard
Millword 1
Millword 2
Turner
Wartość osiadania [m]
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
Hooft
Barrass 1
Barrass 2
Eryuzulu/Hausser
Eryuzulu
RTK
główki
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
5972550
5973550
5974550
5975550
5976550
5977550
5978550
5979550
Szer.geogr.UTM
Real experiments
RTK squat validation
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Real experiments
RTK squat validation
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Real experiments
m/f Piast speed in outer breakwater E20m/s
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Assumptions
HHW
MHW
MW
MLW
LLW
+1.65
+0.87
+0.03
-0.97
-1.47
Navigational risk:
R = PA C
Water level for calculations = MLW
Ship lifetime = 15 years
Waterway lifetime = 50 years
Ships draught = 6.3m
Ships speed = variable according to simulations
Wave = 0.4m – 0m
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Risk acceptance criteria
PA = PSA PUKC<0
λ = NPA
n
(
λ t ) e − λt
P (n ) =
n!
P(n ≥ 1) = 1 − e − λt = 0.1
Typical probabilistic safety criterion is probability of no accident in given time. For example Dutch
criterion on approach to Rotterdam (with tides consideration) is 10% probability of any accident in 25
years of waterway operation which is expressed as P(n ≥ 1) = 1 − e −λt = 0.1 (where t=25 years) which
gives λt = 0.105 . Assuming that t=25 years of operation we obtain λ = 0.0042 of all accidents per
year which lead to following criterion: one accident in 238 years period (= 1 / λ ). The criterion
comprise all accidents so with assumption that serious accidents are 10% of all accidents we can
calculate yearly intensity of serious accident as λS = 0.1λ = 0.00042 .
PA− accept = λ / N = 0.0042 / 3650 = 1.15 *10 −6
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
[m]
10
9.75
9.5
9.25
9
8.75
8.5
8.25
8
7.75
7.5
7.25
7
-200
-100
actual depth
0
100
200
300 [m]
400
breakwater
Mean actual depth in given sections (sounding from fall 2007)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-600
-400
-200
0
-2
-4
200
400
600
800
Serie1
Serie2
Serie3
Serie4
Serie5
Serie6
Serie7
Serie8
Serie9
Serie10
Serie11
Serie12
Serie13
Serie14
Serie15
Serie16
Serie17
Serie18
mean
-6
Speed of ferry Piast in knots on approach with E20m/s wind (x=0 outer
breakwater)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Histogram UKC and squat value 130m before heads /traverse sea wave =0,4 m/
Histogram UKC and squat value 130m after heads /traverse sea wave =0,0 m/
Heads: Histogram UKC and squat value /traverse sea wave =0,2 m/
Histogram UKC and squat value 230m after heads /traverse sea wave =0,0 m/
UKC of Piast ferry and squat in meters on approach with E20m/s
wind (x=0 outer breakwater)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
1wej1E20_2
[m]
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
UKC_95%
1
0.8
squat
0.6
UKC_5%
0.4
0.2
0
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300 [m]
breakwater
UKC on 95% and 5% level of confidence of m/f Piast approaching with
E20m/s wind (x=0 outer breakwater)
350
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Results (m/f Piast)
[m]
1wej1E20_2
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-200
-100
0
breakwater
mean ukc
st.dev. ukc
100
200
300
Mean UKC and standard deviation of UKC of Piast ferry (T=6.3m)
entering to Ystad Port
[m] 400
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Results (m/f Piast)
Depth
PA ≤ PA−accppt = 1.15 *10 −6
Underkeel clearance of Piast 95% speed in outer breakwater E20m/s
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Results (m/f Piast)
[m]
10
9.75
9.5
9.25
9
8.75
8.5
8.25
8
7.75
7.5
7.25
7
-200
-100
0
breakwater
minimal depth
100
200
[m]
300
400
−6
Minimal depth in Ystad port with criterion PA ≤ PA− accppt = 1.15 *10
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Underkeel clearance evaluation
Results (m/f Piast)
Web-based application
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
m/f „Polonia” ferry – some history
Our old DOS Turbo C model
Polonia car-passanger-train ferry (propulsion designed by our team in 1992)
result almost no delays since 1995
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Our team new work – Port of Koper (Slovenia)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Port of Koper (Slovenia)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
LNG terminal Poland (Swinoujscie)
Maritime University of Szczecin
POLAND
Research team:
PhD. Eng. Jarosław Artyszuk Chief Officer
PhD. Eng. Andrzej Bąk Chief Officer
Prof. DSc. PhD. Eng Lucjan Gucma Chief Officer
MSc. Eng. Maciej Gucma Chief Officer
prof. DSc. PhD. Eng Stanisław Gucma Master Mariner
PhD. Eng. Paweł Zalewski Chief Officer
PhD. Eng. Stefan Jankowski Chief Officer
PhD. Eng. Wojciech Ślączka Master Mariner
PhD. Eng. Arkadiusz Tomczak Chief Officer
MSc. Eng. Rafał Gralak
MSc. Eng. Marta Schoeneich
Pilots and Captains taking part in researches:
cpt.
cpt.
cpt.
cpt.
cpt.
cpt.
cpt.
S.Klimowicz (m/f Wolin)
K.Szewdenis (m/f Wolin)
A.Kowalski (m/f Polonia)
W.śukowski (m/f Skania)
T.Dziedzic (University)
T.Pluta (University)
J.Hajduk (University)
team leader