Lecture 1-4

All PUA Faculties Except For Engineering
Computer Engineering Department
UEC01: Computer Skills & Programming
Concepts I
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
1
Course Coordinator:
Assistant Prof. Dr. Mona Abou-Of
Email address: [email protected]
Instructors:

Eng. Essam Hasan

Eng. Mohamed Taha

Eng. Maher Fayez

Eng. Angy Saleh

Eng. Yasser Abd El Aziz

Eng. Reham Refaat

Eng. Amina El-Swedy
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
2
Name
Days
Time
Wednesday
12:30 - 02:30
Eng. Essam Hasan
Sunday
Tuesday
12:30 - 02:30
10:30 - 12:30
Eng. Maher Fayez
Sunday
Tuesday
09:30 - 11:30
10:30 - 12:30
Eng. Mohamed Taha
Sunday
Tuesday
11:30 - 01:30
02:30 - 04:30
Eng. Angy Saleh
Monday
Tuesday
12:30 - 02:30
02:30 - 04:30
Eng. Yasser Abd El Aziz
Sunday
Monday
09:30 - 11:30
11:30 - 01:30
Eng. Reham Refaat
Tuesday
Wednesday
02:30 - 04:30
12:30 - 02:30
Eng. Amina
Sunday
Tuesday
10:30 - 12:30
10:30 -12:30
Dr. Mona Abou-of
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
3
Recommended Textbooks:
1.
H.L Capron – J.A.Johnson, “Computer: tools for an
Information Age” 8th Edition 2011.
2. Deborah Morley, and Charles S.Parker, “Understanding
Computers: Today and Tomorrow”, Thomson Course
Technology, 10th Edition 2004.
3. ECDL Foundation Approved Courseware, Module1 : I.T,
2008.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
4
Course Overview
 Knowing Information Technology within computers
- Introduction to computers: Basic concepts, Data Representation,
Computer categories, computer system components Hardware and
Software and computer Applications
- Using operating system (Windows XP)
 Computer Networks and Internet
- Types of computer networks, internet protocol, internet services
 Using Microsoft office 2007package
- Word Processing
- Power Point
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
5
Course Objectives
 Why it is important to learn about computers today and
discuss several ways computers are joined into our
business and personal lives.
 Define a computer and describe its primary operations.
 Identify the major parts of a personal computer, including
input, processing, output, storage, and communications
hardware.
 Define software and understand how it is used to instruct
the computer what to do.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
6
Course Objectives – Cont’d
 Explain what a network, the Internet, and the World Wide
Web are, as well as how computers, people, and Web
pages are identified on the Internet.
 Understand the basics of e-mail programs
 Create documents using formatting options, creating
headers and footers and inserting images.
 Creating presentation using themes and background
styles. Appling animation to different objects.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
7
Outlines Part I
Weeks
Week 1
Week 2
•
•
•
•
Introduction to computers
What’s the computer?
Data and information
Digital Data Representation
•
•
Computer Components
Input, processing and output
devices
Ports
•
•
•
•
•
Windows interface
Display properties
System Properties
Components of a window
Windows Explorer
Storage devices
Measurement units
Computers Categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
Folder & File Management
File extensions
Compressing & Extracting
Arranging & Selection
Task Manager
Formatting
Computer performance
Software
Accessibility options
•
•
•
•
•
Start Menu
Shut down options
Help & Support
Search options
Control Panel
•
Week 3
Week 4
Lab
Lecture
•
•
•
•
•
•
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
8
Assessment
• Year Work :
10%
• Practical Assignments:
10%
• Final Practical:
20%
• Midterm Exam :
20%
• Final Exam :
40%
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
9
The Nature of Computers
Characteristics
Results
 Speed
 Productivity
 Reliability
 Decision making
 Storage capability
 Cost reduction
Where Computers Are Used
Graphics :Graphs and charts
Education: Teaching and testing aid
Retailing: Bar codes for pricing and inventory
Energy: Locate oil, natural gas, and uranium
Law Enforcement: National files on criminal
Transportation: Cars and Monitor air traffic
Money: Banking and credit cards
Where Computers Are Used, Cont’d
Government: Social services, Forecast weather, and taxes
Home: Letter writing, Drawing and editing pictures, and Newsletters
Health and Medicine: Electronic imaging and Diagnose illnesses
Robotics: Dangerous human jobs and Factory work
Sciences: Research and Simulation
Connectivity: Communication and Telecommuting
Computers are all around!
What’s the computer?
 Computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts data
performs operations on that data to produce results, and can
store the data or results.
 Computers follow instructions, called programs, which determine
the tasks the computer performs
 Basic operations
 Input: Entering data into the computer
 Processing: Performing operations on the data
 Output: Presenting the results
 Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use
 Communications: Sending or receiving data
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
13
What is a computer and what does it do?
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
14
Data and information
 Data : raw, unorganized facts.

Types of data can be: text, graphics, images, audio, or video.
 Representation
 Using the binary system which consists of 0s and 1s.
 Processing
 Instructions that tell the computer how to process data to
produce the required results (information).
 Information
 Data that has been processed into a useful form.
 What does (ICT) mean?
 ICT stands for Information and communications Technology
15 – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
PUA
The Binary Numbering System
16 – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
PUA
Digital Data Representation
 Bit = a single 1 or 0
 Byte = 8 bits
 Byte terminology used to express
the size of documents and other
files, programs, etc.
 Prefixes are often used to express
larger quantities of bytes: kilobyte
(KB), megabyte (MB), gigabyte
(GB), etc.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
17
Representing Programs:
Machine Language
 Machine language: Binary-based language for representing
computer programs the computer can execute directly
 Early programs were written in machine language.
 Today’s programs are written in other programming languages
and need to be translated into machine language in order to be
understood by the computer.
 Language translators (compilers or interpreters) are used to
translate the programs into machine language.
Computer System
 It will be divided to……
Hardware
- Hardware is the physical components
which you can see with your eyes, touch
with your hand
People
Software
- They enable the computer to do
the tasks we need.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
19
People
 Computer programmer – person who writes programs.
 Users or end-users – make use of the computer’s
capabilities.
Computer Components
Computer
Hardware
Physical
Components
Input
Devices
Processing
device
Software
(Programs)
Output
devices
Operating
systems
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
Applications
21
First: Hardware
 The
physical parts of a computer are
collectively known as hardware.
Internal hardware: located inside the system
unit.
External hardware: or peripherals,
located outside the system unit and plug into
connectors called ports exterior of the system unit.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
22
Hardware
Computer Architecture
 An input device is used to input
data into the computer.
 A processing devices perform
calculations
and
control
computer’s operation.
The central processing unit (CPU)
and the memory
 An output device presents the
results to the user.
 Storage devices are used to save
data, programs or output.
 Communication devices: allow
the user to communicate with
others and access remote
information (modem, network
adapters, etc.)
1. Input devices.
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Tracker Ball
 Touch pad
• Web camera
• Digital camera
• Microphones
• Light pen
 Scanner
 Joy stick
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
25
2. Processing Devices

All the following is within the system case:
Central processing unit (CPU).

Types of memory.

Storage Devices.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
26
Inside the System Unit
1- CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
 Brain of computer.
 Converts data to useful information
 Interpret and execute instructions
 Communicate with input, output and storage
 It determines how fast your computer will run
the CPU speed is measured by its MHz or GHz.
 It is the CPU which performs all the calculations within the computer,
when running programs such as word-processors, spreadsheets and
databases.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
28
CPU, Cont’d
The CPU contains following elements:
1. Control Unit:
The control unit is responsible for controlling the sequencing and
timing of the other elements making up the CPU.
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
The ALU performs the mathematical calculations and comparisons
using data stored within the CPU registers.
3. Registers:
The registers are memory storage areas within the CPU that hold the
data that is worked on by the ALU.
4. Cache memory:
special group of very fast memory chips located on or close to the CPU
Level 1 is fastest, followed by Level 2
5. BUS:
The computer bus transports data between the memory and registers
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
29
Processing Is Done In Memory
(Primary Storage)
Types Of Memory
RAM
ROM
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
30
RAM
(Random Access Memory)
 Temporary storage.
 Holds input to be processed.
 Holds results of processing.
 Contains the programs to control the computer and
manipulate input into output
 Volatile.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
31
RAM, Cont’d
(Random Access Memory)
 The RAM (Random Access Memory) within your computer is where the
operating system is loaded to when you switch on your computer and also
where your applications are copied to when you start an application, such
as a word processor or database program.
 When you create data, (e.g. letters and pictures), these are initially created
and held in RAM and then copied to disk when you save the data.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
32
ROM-BIOS
(Read Only Memory - Basic
Input Output System)
 ROM (read-only memory): non-erasable chips located
on the motherboard into which data or programs have
been permanently stored; retrieved by the computer
when needed
 ROM-BIOS contains software which is required to make
your computer work with your operating system, for
instance it is responsible for copying part of your operating
system into RAM when you switch on your computer.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
33
3. Output devices
 Monitor
 Traditional computer monitor
 Flat computer screens
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
34
 Projection devices
are useful for displaying
presentations to a group of people.
 Speakers and headphones
 Touch screen: Input / Output at the same time.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
35
Printers
 Laser printers
 Color laser printers
 Inkjet printers
 Dot Matrix printers
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
36
Input/output ports
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
37
Input/output ports
 The Input and Output ports are normally located at the
back or on the side of your computer. These include ports
such as USB, serial, parallel, network and FireWire ports.
You plug cables into these ports to connect your computer
to other devices, such as printers, scanners and cameras
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
38
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port
 allowing you to plug in devices designed for the USB. These
devices include printers, scanners and digital cameras.
Memory sticks can also be plugged into a USB port
allowing you to copy data to or from your hard disk.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
39
Serial Port
 The serial port is a socket located at the back of your
computer which enables you to connect items to the
computer, such as a modem. They are commonly labeled as
COM1 or COM2.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
40
Parallel Port
 The parallel port is a socket located at the back of your
computer which enables you to connect items to the
computer, such as a printer. It is commonly labeled as LPT1
or LPT2.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
41
Network Port
 The network port allows you to plug a network cable into
your computer
which then lets you communicate with other computers
connected to your local network or to other computers via
the Internet.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
42
FireWire Port
 FireWire is an interface from Apple Inc. that allows high data
transfer between your computer and a compatible device such
as a digital camera.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
43
Ports
Secondary Storage devices
 Long-term storage
 Non-volatile
Internal
Fixed
External
Removable
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
45
First: Internal Storage Device
- The internal Hard (Fixed Disk)
 You use disks to store any data that you create
 Hard disks are the main, large data storage areas within your computer.
 Hard disks are used to store your operating system, your application
programs (i.e. your word processor, games etc) and your data.
 They are much faster than CD/DVDs and can also hold much more data.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
46
Second :External Storage Devices
1. External hard disks
these are secondary hard disks that you can plug into your
computer.
They are normally connected via a USB cable.
They are an ideal way to backup your data, such as photos or
movies.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
47
2. Floppy disks (diskettes)
 small amounts of data (1.44 Mbytes).
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
48
3. Compact disks & Digital
versatile Disks
 CDs ……….. can store 650 MB of data
 DVDs……"Digital Versatile Disk”. a single-layer, single-
sided DVD can store over 4 GB of data.
 Recordable CD & DVD drives……special CDs to which
you can write, called CD-R (Compact Disc – Recordable).
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
49
4. Flash Memory
 USB flash drives…
(memory sticks) memory cards
 that is often used in devices such as digital cameras, telephones, music
players, video game consoles, GPS system and similar devices
 Many new PCs have built-in slots for different types of memory cards.
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
50
Measurement of storage capacity
PUA – Computer Engineering Department – UEC01 – Dr. Mona Abou - Of
51
Classifications of Computers
 Use the computer that fits your needs
 Based upon
 Size
 Speed
 Cost
 Portability
 Number of simultaneous users supported
 Available software
 Typical use