Waders and Waterbirds in the Floodplanes of the

Transcription

WADERS AND WATERBIRDS
IN THE FLOODPLAINS OF THE LOGONE
CAMEROON AND CHAD
FEBRUARY 2000
Working Group of International Wader and Waterfowl Research (WIWO),
The Netherlands
Waza-Logone Project, Cameroon
Wildlife School Garoua, Cameroon
Chadian Ministry of Environment and Water, Chad
Wim Ganzevles, Jeroen Bredenbeek
(editors)
WIWO report nr. 82
2005
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See the last page of this report for the complete list of WIWO-reports.
WADERS AND WATERBIRDS
IN THE FLOODPLAINS OF THE LOGONE
IN CAMEROON AND CHAD
In
FEBRUARY 2000
A cooperation between:
Working Group of International Wader and Waterfowl Research (WIWO), The
Netherlands
Waza-Logone Project, Cameroon
Wildlife School Garoua, Cameroon
Chadian Ministry of Environment and Water, Chad
Editors
Wim Ganzevles, Jeroen Bredenbeek
Financial support by
Wetlands International
under the
Programme of International Nature Management
of the
Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries
and the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.
Colophon
Participants
The organizations and persons involved in the
organization and fieldwork were:
Waza Logone Project: Paul Kouamou, Sylvain Tiawoun,
Alain Tankeu, Boukar Beladane, Bouba Zigla, Ndjidda
Oumarrou, Oumarrou Nouhou and Babeto.
Wildlife School Garoua: Emmanuel Battokok and Rigobert
Azombo.
BirdLife International Yaoundé: Serge Bobo Kadiri and
team.
Chadian Ministry of Environment and Water: Service
Dapsia and Ali Noldet Telly.
WIWO: Wim Ganzevles, Wil Beeren and Jeroen
Bredenbeek.
Figures
Wim Ganzevles
Photographs
© Tom van der Have
Lay-out
editors
Cover
White Pelicans and White-faced Whistling Ducks
Citation
Ganzevles, W. & J. Bredenbeek (eds) 2005. Waders and waterbirds in the floodplains of the
Logone, Cameroon and Chad, February 2000. WIWO report 82, Beek-Ubbergen, The
Netherlands.
Contents
Summary
1
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Aims for the project
1.3 Acknowledgements
2
2
3
2 Study area
2.1 The Lake Chad Basin General
2.2 Description of the wetlands
2.3 Field conditions in 2000
4
5
16
3 Methods
3.1 Counting methods
3.2 Ringing
17
17
4 Results waterbird counts
4.1 Cameroon
4.2 Chad
4.3 Comparison with previous years
19
22
23
5 Results Bird Ringing
5.1 Songbirds
25
6 Ornithological importance of the Waza - Logone area
29
7 Conclusions and recommendations for further research
30
8 Faunistical varia
8.1 Avifauna Chad
8.2 Mammals Chad
32
40
9 References
41
10 Appendices
10.1 Size, weight and moult and fat score of ringed Sedge Warblers
10.2 Size, weight and moult and fat score of ringed Reed Warblers
10.3 Gazetteer
10.4 List of abbreviations
10.5 Itinerary
10.6 List of WIWO reports
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44
45
46
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49
Summary
A number of Palearctic waterbird species have their main wintering grounds in the
inland wetlands in the Sahelian Region in West and East Africa. In Sahelian WestAfrica the three main wetland areas are the floodplains of the Senegal, Niger and
Lake Chad. These wetlands are under threat: human populations increase their
pressure on these wetlands and a series of droughts in the 1970's and
1980's have diminished their capacity to support wildlife.
Since 1991 the Waza-Logone floodplain has recently been the subject of
several ornithological surveys and studies. A total number of 346 bird species has
been recorded since 1991. The most numerous waterbird species are White Pelican
Pelecanus onocrotalus, Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides, Little Egret Egretta
garzetta, Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus, White-faced
Whistling Duck Dencrocygna viduata, Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola, Ruff
Philomachus pugnax and Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa. For the resident
species Black-crowned Crane Balearica pavonina the Logone floodplain is one of the
last strongholds. For Collared Pratincole the area is one of the major wintering areas
in Africa. Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus and Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus scripaceus are very abundant as well as Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica.
Annual counts of wintering waterbirds in the Lake Chad Basin Area in
Cameroon (The Logone river and its floodplain) started in 1993 and showed the
importance of the Logone floodplain for wintering waterbird species. In accordance
with the WIWO 1999-2003 Forward Plan WIWO participated in the bird census and
ringing project of the Logone floodplain in Cameroon and Chad in February 2000.
The February 2000 census presented in this report counted nearly 230.000
waterfowl and waders in the floodplains on both sides of the Logone river in
Cameroon and Chad. Waterbird numbers in the Lake Chad Basin Area have been
increasing since 1995, indicating that the floodplain restoration of the Waza-Logone
Project has a positive effect on waterbird habitat quality.
Plate 1. Pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) foraging.
1
1 Introduction
1.1 General
A number of Palearctic waterbird species have their main wintering grounds in the
inland wetlands in the Sahelian Region in West and East Africa. In Sahelian WestAfrica the three main wetland areas are the floodplains of the Senegal, Niger and
Lake Chad. These wetlands are under threat: human populations increase their
pressure on these wetlands and a series of droughts in the 1970's and 1980's have
diminished their capacity to support wildlife.
Lake Chad and the Lake Chad Basin Area have been very inadequately
censused. They are considered the main staging area for migratory birds following
the Mediterranean flyway. Numbers of waders using this flyway are largely unknown,
but roughly estimated at 1.5 million (Smit & Piersma 1989). Aerial counts in the
period 1983-1987 revealed the presence of almost 750.000 Palearctic Anatidae.
Furthermore, nearly 100.000 Afrotropical Anatidae were counted (Rose & Pirot
1990).
Research of wintering waterbird species on a yearly basis in the Lake Chad Basin
Area in Cameroon (The Logone river and its floodplain) started in 1993 and showed
the importance of the Logone floodplain for wintering waterbird species (van Wetten
& Spierenburg 1998). In accordance with the WIWO 1999-2003 Forward Plan WIWO
participated in the bird census and ringing project of the Logone floodplain in
Cameroon in January 1999 and, for the first time, in Chad (Dijkstra et al 2002).
WIWO intends to carry out more-year projects in West Africa in order to assist in
building capacity of local bird-watchers to maintain field work activities by training in
bird counts and bird ringing. The ornithological studies in the Lake Chad Basin Area
(Cameroon and Chad) fit within WIWO's research priorities in West Africa. The
project is carried out and was funded in 2000 within the Wetlands International
Project 'Building the capacity in West-Africa of a regional network for wetland and
waterbird management 1997/98-2001'.
1.2 Aims of the project
The expedition in February 2000 consisted two sub-projects:
A: A census of the Logone floodplain (Cameroon and Chad).
A census of the Cameroonian side of the Waza-Logone floodplain was carried out
according to the annually repeated schedule (since 1995) of the Waza-Logone
Project. Counts of the water-courses and water-holding depressions were conducted
in the floodplain and the entire Waza National Park according to the scheme
introduced in 1995. A valuable data-base is thus constructed on waterfowl numbers
in subsequent years in a West African inland wetland area. The results of the
censuses are used to assess the success of the floodplain restoration as carried out
by the Waza-Logone Project.
On the Chadian side of the Waza-Logone area ornithological information was lacking
until 1999. During the first WIWO-expedition of January 1999 about 30 water-holding
depressions and water-courses (both permanent and temporary) were located and
counted. The aim for 2000 was to locate more depressions and water-courses in the
study-area and carry out counts of waterfowl and waders here.
2
B: Ringing of selected species in the Waza-Logone floodplain (Cameroon).
This sub-project was carried out in order to gather information of the breeding origins
of the birds which make use of the area as wintering site. The Lake Chad Basin area
is considered the main staging area for Palearctic birds following the Mediterranean
flyway (Smit & Piersma 1989). The quality of wintering areas has a large impact on
survival and breeding success of Palearctic birds (Szep 1995, Kanyamibwa et al
1990, Ebbinge et al 1982). It is therefore of great importance and scientific interest to
qualify the origins and migration routes of wintering birds in the Logone floodplain by
catching and ringing them on an annual basis. Their origin can sometimes be
determined by measuring biometric features of the birds. An assessment of their
body condition can be made and may serve as an indicator of the quality of the area.
Ringing in Africa has as an advantage over ringing in Europe; a chance of
recapturing or finding ringed birds is much larger, due to a larger number of
birdwatchers and more ornithological research in Europe. These are the main
reasons why WIWO carried out ringing activities in Cameroon in 1999 and 2000.
1.3 Acknowledgements
During the planning and the realisation many people supported the project. We would
like to thank:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wetlands International for financing the project under the Programme of
International Nature Management (PIN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature
Management and Fisheries (LNV) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Netherlands.
Waza-Logone Project, Wildlife School Garoua, and the Chadian Ministry of
Environment and Water for their support in the preparations and the work in the
field.
Paul Kouamo for his notes on the water-regime in the Logone floodplain in Chad.
Birdlife International Yaoundé and especially Serge Bobo Kadiri for their
participation in the census.
Members of the Lake Chad Basin Commission, for their interest in the project and
for providing permissions to conduct research in the Mayo-Kebbi District.
Bertrand Trolliet (Office National de Chasse, France) for information about
wintering waders in the Lake Chad Basin gathered by arial surveys.
Frans Schepers, Sjoerd Dirksen and Leo Bruinzeel (WIWO) for their helpful
comments on earlier drafts of this report.
3
2 Study area
2.1 The Lake Chad Basin General
Lake Chad is fed by a number of rivers which have their catchment areas in
Cameroon (Logone), Chad (Chari) and Nigeria (Komadougou Yobe). The floodplains
of these rivers are inundated following the wet season (May to October), thus
forming, together with Lake Chad itself, a conglomeration of inland wetlands of 2.5
million ha. There is a delay between the rainy season in the catchment areas (AprilSeptember) and actual flooding (July-January). Flood-water remains in the floodplain
when the wet season has finished. Therefore the area is flooded during a large part
of the dry season (September-January). When the waters recede, a number of
depressions, small lakes and waterholding courses hold water towards the end of the
dry season. These small waterbodies attract high numbers of waterbirds and waders
and are essential for the survival of these birds during the dry season (de Kort & van
Weerd 1995). The arrival of Palearctic migratory birds coincides with the highest
water levels in the floodplain in October, but they are dependent on the above
described scarce water-resources in early spring before their return to the breeding
grounds in Europe and Asia.
In the Far North Province in Cameroon, the Logone river constitutes the border
between Cameroon and Chad. Large surfaces of floodplains are located on both
sides of the river. In Chad these floodplains are also fed by water of the Chari river.
In 1979 the natural hydrological regime of the Logone floodplain on the
Cameroonian side (from now on called the Waza-Logone floodplain) was seriously
effected by the construction of a storage lake (Lake Maga) and an embankment
along the Logone as part of a large rice irrigation project (Semry II) in 1979. This
water regime was introduced to reduce the dependency of the local population on the
unpredictable floods and unpredictable rain patterns, which occurred throughout the
1970's. This had devastating effects on the local population, which depended on
fishing or herding cattle in the floodplain. Consequently the vegetation in the
floodplain altered (especially perennial grasses were replaced by annual and less
productive plants). Waza National Park, partly situated in the floodplain, also suffered
badly from the lack of inundations.
In 1992 the Waza-Logone Project was formed (funded by IUCN, WWF and the
Cameroon and Dutch government), with as goals to plan and implement interventions
in the Waza-Logone floodplain to restore and safeguard the area's biological diversity
and to improve sustainable living conditions for its inhabitants, both nomadic and
sedentary (IUCN/CML 1994). The first phase of this project was implemented in
1994, with the opening of a part of the embankment along the Logone, which
restored the flooding of some 250 km² of the original floodplain.
This created the possibility of monitoring the significance of the floodplain for
waterbirds by comparing bird densities before and after the re-opening and between
degraded and restored floodplain habitats (de Kort & van Weerd 1995, Scholte et al
1996). Unfortunately the execution of the last phase of the project, the controlled
release of water from the storage lake (Lake Maga), and the restoration of the large
part of the floodplain, is now uncertain, since the Dutch government has withdrawn its
financial support). If Waza-Logone Project can find funding, the last phase will be
carried out in 2001.
Several years of intensive fieldwork have established the Waza-Logone area
4
as a very important region for both Palearctic and Afrotropical birds, both in numbers
(OAG Münster 1992, van Wetten & Spierenburg 1998) and diversity (Scholte et al
1999). However, in order to sustain large populations of birds, the area is depending
on the yearly influx of nutritious water from the Logone river. Rehabilitation of the
flooding regime has now safeguarded the areas function as stopover and
overwintering grounds for many Palearctic migratory species and breeding grounds
for many African species (Scholte et al 2000), at least for the near future.
The Logone floodplain in Chad has not suffered any major alterations.
Inundations of this floodplain are influenced by both the Logone and indirectly the
Chari river (through the Loumia river, which connects the Chari with the Logone), with
water receding from south-east to north-west. Inundations are not inhibited by manmade dams or dikes. By censusing waterbirds and waders in this 'natural' floodplain
a further comparison can be made between degraded, restored and unaltered
floodplain habitats.
2.2 Description of the wetlands
Cameroon
Bird numbers on the Cameroonian side of the floodplain were for the first time
estimated on groundlevel by a team from OAG Münster in 1991 (AG Münster 1991).
Two years later, in 1993 a WIWO team carried out a slightly more extensive survey in
the same area (van Wetten & Spierenburg 1998). From 1994 till 1998 the WazaLogone Project conducted a yearly waterbird counting scheme. By this time most
waterbodies, both temporary and permanent, were well known by the team, and
yearly, roughly the same area was covered in the same period of the year. This
provided good comparable results for the subsequent years. The exact itinerary of
the 2000 expedition can be found below. For practical reasons we divided the
Cameroonian side of the study area in the following geographical and/or ecological
distinct areas.
1. Lake Maga is the only large open water surface (approximately 400 km2) in the area. On
the northern side it is bordered by 25 km long dam. The other sides of the lake are
fringed by dense reed vegetation, which are important breeding sites for several Rallidae
and reed warbler species. The lake provides a permanent water supply for the adjacent
rice fields of SEMRY II.
Visiting scheme
0402: Lake Maga. Count by car and pirogue.
2. There are three major rice cultivation sites in the area. The first is located just north of
Yagoua. The second is found adjacent to Lake Maga and covers about 5.000 hectares.
Finally there is one further north, close to the village of Zimado. The ricefields have
proved to high numbers for several wader species, depending on the water levels and the
stage of bi-annual cultivation (especially Ruff, see OAG Munster 1991).
Visiting scheme
0402: Yagoua Hetna. Count by car.
0402: Rice-schemes Yagoua. Count by car and foot.
0602: Maga Polder. Count by car.
0702: Maga rice-scheme East. Count by car.
0702: Maga rice-scheme North. Count by car.
0702: Maga rice-scheme Pouss West. Count by car.
0802: Pouss rice-scheme North. Count by car.
5
3. The southern floodplain was the part of the region most affected by the construction of
the Maga dam and the subsequent reduced flooding. However, since the implementation
of the Waza- Logone Project the area seems to be recovering rapidly. Nowadays, the
area again supports the original perennial grassland vegetation. The area is
characterised by monotonous treeless grasslands, interspersed by wooded mounds,
usually inhabited by fishing communities.
Visiting scheme
0602: Road Guirvidig to Maga. Count by car.
0602: Road Maga to Pouss. Count by car.
0802: Case Mousgoun Maga. Count by car and foot.
0902: Floodplain of Tekele-Zina. Count by car.
0902: Floodplain of Mazra-Zina. Count by car.
1002: Zina-Doulo-Goubeni. Count by car.
1102: Floodplain of Bagdassi-Garle (Zina). Count by car.
1302: Floodplain of Dawaya-Goromo. Count by car.
1302: Floodplain of Goromo (1 and 2). Count by car.
1302: Floodplain of Goromo 2 to Maskalaye. Count by car.
1302: Floodplain of Alaven. Count by car.
1402: Floodplain of Alaven-Malaya. Count by car.
1402: Floodplain of Malaya.
1402: Floodplain of Massa. Count by car.
2502: Floodplain of Mara-Alaven. Count by car.
4. The northern floodplain (north of the confluence of the rivers Logomatya and Logone)
was less affected by the desiccation of the area in the eighties. Therefore this part still
consists largely of the original perennial vegetation.
Visiting scheme
0402: Moukak. Count by car.
0502: Matkeu. Count by car.
0502: Karam West. Count by car.
0502: Transect Karam-Bagaka-Iviye. Count by car.
0602: Zilim. Count by car.
6
7
5. The southern ponds in the southern part of the floodplain are temporary shallow
waterbodies that may contain water throughout the dry season. The longevity of these
ponds depends on the size of the inundation and the measure of evaporation in the
subsequent dry season. Furthermore these ponds may be drained by drainage canals
constructed by the local fishermen. A very effective practice to catch large amounts of
fish that are trapped in the ponds after the floodwater has retreated.
Visiting scheme
0902: Depression of Kraska. Count by car.
1002: Depression of Chafa. Count by car.
1102: Depression of Mahoembla-Zina. Count by car.
1102: Depression of Bagdassi-Zina. Count by car.
1102: Depression of Dagun-Zoung. Count by car.
1202: Depression of Kapra (Sarassara). Count by car.
1202: Depression of Koualoum-Zina. Count by car.
1302: Depression of Maskalaye. Count by car.
2402: Depression of Goubga-Gaiwa. Count by car.
2402: Depression of Dieguère. Count by car.
2502: Depression of Tchede. Count by car.
2502: Depression of Raraf. Count by car.
2502: Depression of Sifna-Marda. Count by car.
6. The northern ponds in the northern part of the floodplain.
Visiting scheme
0402: Zimado. Count by car.
0502: Depression of Gouasani. Count by car.
0602: Depression of Zilim-Mandabe. Count by car.
7. Waza National Park covers 170.000 ha and consists of several habitat types. The
eastern part is situated in the floodplain area and is yearly inundated. The central and
northern parts of the park consist of dry Acacia seyal shrubland. The remaining part of
the park consists of wooded savannah on sandy soils. Besides birds, the park harbours
important numbers of large mammal species like Elephant, Topi, Roan antelope and
Lion, species that are declining rapidly in Western Africa.
Visiting scheme
10, 11 and 1202: Waza National Park. Point-counts and counts by car.
8. Kalamaloue National Park is a small but very diverse park. It has floodplain habitats that
are fed by the inundation of the Chari river, the levees consist of woodland forests while
the higher parts away from the floodplain are characterised by more open
grass/woodlands.
Visiting scheme
07 and 0802: Kalamaloue National Park. Counts by car.
9. The Logone and its tributaries the Logomatya and the Mayo Vrick, are permanent rivers.
The Logone constitutes the border between Chad and Cameroon. It has its catchment
areas in southern Cameroon and the Central African Republic. The waterlevel rises
yearly following the rainy season and then causes the flooding of the surrounding area
from August to November.
When waterlevels are low, the Logone has large sandbanks where vast numbers of
waterfowl and waders can be found. The Logomatya and the Mayo Vrick are side rivers
of the Logone that branch off just north of Lake Maga and confluence again with the
Logone near Zimado.
Visiting scheme
0402: Logone Yagoua-Dourlsa. Count by car (9A).
8
0502: Logone Yagoua-Pouss. Count by car (9A).
0902: Logone Case Mgoun-Tekele. Count by car (9A).
1002: Logone Holom-Doulo. Count by car (9A).
1002: Logone Carefours-Iviye. Count by car (9A).
0902: Lorome-Mazera. Count by car (9B).
1202: Logomatya Koualoum-Zina. Count by car (9B).
1302: Vrick. Count by car (9B).
10. The plain just south of the Waza camp and west of the paved road just before reaching
the village of Waza from Maroua. Depending on waterlevels, this very shallow, marshy
area may support impressive numbers of waders and waterfowl. It can conveniently be
overlooked from the mountain near the luxurious hotel Campement Waza.
Visiting scheme
0902: Road Campement-Maltam-Waza. Count by car.
1302: Waza camp. Count by car.
Chad
The study area can roughly be situated between N’Djamena in the North, the town of
Bongor in the South, bordered in the west by the Logone river and by the Chari river
in the east. The region is called the Mayo-Kebbi or the district of Bongor. Contrary to
the Cameroonian side the Chadian side of the Logone floodplain is unaltered by large
scale human interventions. Apart from two sites near Bongor there are no large riceirrigation schemes. The water from the Logone and Chari can flood the plain not
obstructed by dams.
The study area is inundated by the flood-waters of both the Logone river and
indirectly the Chari river. Between both rivers temporary rivers such as the Loumia
develop, which drain away the water roughly from east to west. In the study-area the
water is drained away from south-east to north-west (in the direction of Lake Chad).
Water is retained in small lakes and depressions, a number of which hold water until
the start of the rainy season (depending on the amount of rainfall in the previous
year).
The yearly water cycle has a strong influence on the lives of the human population
and its activities in the area. The main activities are cattle-herding and fishing. From
near and far (from as far north as Niger) nomads and their herds arrive in the area,
when the water has left the floodplain. These nomads pay admission fees to the local
authorities, in a system not very transparent for the outsider. The cattle graze the
floodplain bare, after which the remaining vegetation is burnt, to stimulate the
sprouting of the grasses in anticipation of the coming rainy season.
Fishing is the main activity of the local population, especially along rivers like the
Loumia. Locally fishing has direct negative consequences for especially herons. In
the water-courses the fishermen build wooden fish-traps, where herons congregate.
The herons can get easily caught in these fish-traps.
In most lakes and depressions fishing is controlled. These waters are managed by
local chiefs and people. They decide when (for a short period) fishing is permitted,
which is mostly at the end of the dry season when waterlevels are low. The weeks in
which fishing is permitted, is considered by the local populations as a 'party' period: in
these lean times of the year the fish constitute food and money.
Around the villages there is some agriculture. North of Bongor and east of Koumi
there are rice-irrigation schemes. The dominant vegetation type of the floodplain itself
9
is a steppe-like vegetation, dominated by perennial grasses. Shrubs, trees and
annual grasses are confined to the higher grounds along the rivers and around the
villages. The main threat for the environment in the study area is the cutting of trees
on the higher grounds. On a large scale and systematically the land is stripped of
trees. The wood is processed into charcoal and transported to N'Djamena.
The entire study area lacks large mammals, apparently all shot during the Civil War
of 1991-1993.
Counts of waterbirds and waders were carried out in the Chadian province of MayoKebbi, between 10°18′400′′ N. and 11°59′076′′ N. The depressions and river-courses
are grouped into 8 areas around a town or larger village. They are classified
according to the Ramsar Classification System for 'Wetland Type'. The sites marked
'(!)' were also visited during the 1999 census (Dijkstra et al. 2001)
1. Bongor
0802: Depression of Teleme 10°26'698'' N./15°19'577'' E. (count by
foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts), almost dry.
0802: rice-fields north of Bongor 10°18′675′′ N./15°20′792′′ E. (count
by car and foot)
* Man-made wetland: irrigated land; in the census-period not irrigated
(!).
0902: Depression of Tura 10°22′501′′ N./15°26′905′′ E. (count by car
and foot)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater marsh (Tp)(!).
0902: Depression of Tura 10°22'680'' N./15°25'933'' E. (count by foot
and car)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater marsh (Ts).
0902: Depression of Budjoraye 10°23'788'' N./15°28'837'' E.
* Inland wetland: Shrub-dominated wetland (W).
0902: Depression of Mana 10°23′416′′ N./15°24′558′′ E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater lake (P). Floodplain lake,
bordering inaccessible non-forested peatland (!).
2301: Downstream of depression of Mana 10°22′302′′ N./15°24′708′′ E.
(count by foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal stream (N), gradually becoming heavily
vegetated peatland. No water (!).
0902: Depression of Lifie 10°30'050'' N./15°22'786'' E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: Permanent freshwater lake (O). Breeding site of Black
Crowned Crane. Not accessible in January 1999.
2. Koumi:
0602: Depression of Marsamaye/Toufgounou 10°36′224′′ N./15°10′691
′′ E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater lake (O), 50 ha, bordering
inaccessible shrub-dominated wetland (W). No disturbance (!).
0602: Depression of Moo 10°36′739′′ N./15°09′691′′ E. (count by foot
of 1 km)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts). Waterlevel low,
disturbance by cattle (!).
0802: rice-fields of Guefné 10°33'034'' N./15°15'040'' E. (count by car)
* Man-made wetland: irrigated land; in the census-period not irrigated.
10
0802: Depression of Guefné 10°32'923'' N./15°14'752'' E. (count by
foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts). Heavily vegetated with
grasses, some water in the centre.
1002: Depression of Kidim 10°35'290'' N./15°23'027'' E. (count by foot)
*Inland wetland: permanent freshwater pool (Tp), 70 ha. No
disturbance.
3. Katoa:
0602: Depression of Koufal 10°50′599′′ N./15°05′232′′ E (point-count)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater lake (O), 25 ha. No
disturbance (!).
0702: Depression of Rah 10°52′953′′ N./15°07′963′′ E. (count by car)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater lake (O), 15 ha., disturbance
by fishermen (!).
0702: Logone floodplain north-east of Katoa 10°52'133'' N./1506'323''
E. (count by car)
0702: Floodplain of Arekolo 10°59'273'' N./15°04'321'' E. (count by car)
4. Logone Gana:
1102: Depression of Kole Mara 11°30′532′′ N./15°17′923′′ E. (count by
foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Tp). Disturbance by cattle
and fishermen (!).
1102: Depression of Kole Mara 11°31'657'' N./15°17'535'' E. (count by
foot)
* Man-made wetland: small lake. No disturbance (!).
1302: Loumia stream from 11°32′001′′ N./15°08′098′′ E. to 11°29'496''
N./15°13'426'' E. (count by car of 13 km) * Inland wetland: seasonal
stream (N). Disturbance by fishermen (!).
1302: Logone sidebranch 11°33′626′′ N./15°08′769′′ E. (count by car)
* Inland wetland: permanent river (M) (!).
1302: Depression west of Logone Gana 11°32'577'' N./15°08'809'' E.
(count by car)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater marsh in the floodplain (Ts).
Disturbance by local people.
5. Malfana:
1302: Depression of Manamdjo 11°43'178'' N./15°11'342'' E. (count by
foot)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater marsh (Tp).
1702: Depression in the floodplain east of Malfana 11°44'962''
N./15°10'530'' E. (count by foot)
* Seasonal freshwater pool (Ts).
1702: Logone sidebranch from 11°46′340′′ N./15°06′603′′ E. to
11°43'742''N./15°07'568'' (count by car and foot of 15 km)
* Inland wetland: seasonal stream (Ts). Disturbance by cattle (!).
1702: Depressions north of Malfana from 11°46′759′′ N./15°07′043′′ E.
to 11°46'340'' N./15°06'603'' E. (count by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pools along the Logone river
(Tp) (!).
11
12
6. Mandelia/Darda:
1702: Depression of Yoyo/Gamal 11°48′405′′ N./15°07′087′′ E. (count
by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater marsh (Ts). Stretches for more
than 5 km. No disturbance (!).
1802: Depression of Moulmoukou 11°47′747′′ N./15°08′492′′ E. (count
by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater marsh (Ts) (!).
1802: Depression of Metete 11°46′331′′ N./15°09′892′′ E. (count by car
and foot)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater pool (Tp) (!).
1802: Depression of Hadadja north of Mandelia 11°51'657''
N./15°09'957'' E. (count by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts). Dry.
1802: Depression of Riguegué north of Mandelia 11°52'955''
* Inland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts).
1802: Depression of Boula north of Mandelia 11°52'640'' N./15°07'783''
E. (count by foot)
1902: Depression of Dogo north of Mandelia 11°52'557'' N./15°06'625''
E. (count by car and foot)
1902: Depression of Doma north of Mandelia from 11°51'722''
N./15°06'704'' E. to 11°50'737'' N./15°06'765'' E. (count by car and foot)
1902: Depression of Météné north of Mandelia 11°50'680''
N./15°06'940'' E. (count b
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater lake (O). Disturbance by
continuous hunting.
1902: Depression of Mallo north of Mandelia 11°52'464'' N./15°05'027''
E. (count by foot)
1902: Logone side-branch, Oundouma, north of Mandelia 11°51'778''
N./15°04'834'' E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal stream (N).
1902: Depression of Gangan north of Mandelia 11°52'663''
N./15°03'351'' E. (count by foot)
.
1102: Chari river north of Darda from11°40′839′′ N./15°18′756′′ E. to
11°41'579'' N./15°19'424'' E. (count by foot of 1.3 km)
* Inland wetland: permanent river (M). Disturbance by local population
(!).
1202: Chari river south of Darda from 11°40′802′′ N./15°18′691′′ E. to
11°38'090'' N./15°17'717'' E. (count by foot of 8 km)
* Inland wetland: permanent river (M). Little disturbance (!).
1202: Depressions of Ali Garga from 11°42′624′′ N./15°19′390′′ E. to
11°46'825'' N./15°18'970'' E. (count by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pools (Ts) in river-forelands of
Chari. Disturbance by fishermen and cattle (!).
1202: Depression north of Darda 11°46′825′′ N./15°18′970′′ E. (count
by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: permanent shrub-dominated marshes (W). No
disturbance (!).
13
1202: Depressions of Outré north of Darda 11°50'044'' N./15°19'313''
* Inland wetland: freshwater tree-dominated wetland (Xf) (!).
1202: Depression of Basaga north of Darda 11°50'818'' N./15°18'818''
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts) (!).
1202: Depression north of Darda 11°51'183'' N./15°18'113'' E. (count
by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: freshwater, tree-dominated wetland (Wf) (!).
1202: Depression of Dombala north of Darda 11°51'969'' N./15°16'655''
E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater pool (Ts).
1502: Depression of Ambodjo west of Mandelia 11°44'241''
N./15°09'794'' E. (count by foot)
1502: depression of Domo 2 11°42'709'' N./15°11'616'' E. (count by
foot)
1502: Depression of Domo 1 from 11°43'423'' N./15°11'689'' to
1602: Depression of Arbadji south-west of Mandelia 11°38'364''
1602: Loumia sidebranch at Belete south-west of Mandelia from
11°38'083'' N./15°10'857 E. to 11°36'683'' E. (count by car and foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal stream (N).
1602: Depression of Oultou Kotoko south-west of Mandelia 11°40'642''
1602: Depression of Ouloum south-west of Mandelia 11°39'271''
N./15°10'674'' E.
1602: Depression of Bathakewa south-west of Mandelia 11°41'687''
* Inland wetland: shrub-dominated freshwater marsh (W).
1602: Depression of Assa Souli Bozzo south-west of Mandelia
2002: Depression road north of Mandelia 11°49'700'' N./15°12'462'' E.
(point-count)
7. Koundoul:
2002: Zetane river from 11°57′477′′ N./15°08′738′′ E to 11°59'005''
N./15°06'734'' E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal river (N) (!).
2002: Depression of Marmatodji 11°58′989′′ N./15°07′702′′ E. (count by
foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater marsh (Ts). Much disturbance by
cattle. Little water remaining (!).
8. Holom:
1402: Logone river between Logone Gana and Holom from 11° 28'997''
N./15°06'281'' E. to 11°20'414'' N./15°06'056'' E. (count by pirogue)
* Inland wetland: permanent river (M).
14
1402: Depression of Doufoul 11°28'121'' N./15°05'854'' E. (count by
foot)
1402: Depression in the floodplain east of Holom 11°20'414''
N./15°04'787'' E. (count by foot)
* Inland wetland: seasonal freshwater lake (Ts).
1402: Depression of Gouwa east of Holom 11°20'424'' N./15°06'056''
E. (point-count)
* Inland wetland: permanent freshwater lake (Tp). No disturbance.
Plate 2. Senegal Thick-knee (Burhinus senegalensis).
15
2.3 Field conditions in 2000
Cameroon
Because of the heavy rains in 1999 the flooding was more extensive and still
abundant in January 2000. In January 2000 certain parts of the study area were still
more difficult to reach or even inaccessible. For this reason the census period was
moved to February. All parts of the study area could be reached. The eastern part of
Waza National park was visited although the road conditions in the park were bad.
Because of the relative abundance of water in the area the birds were less
concentrated around the normally few remaining waterbodies.
Chad
The aim of the WIWO expedition in 2000 to Chad was to continue the search for (and
map) as many water-holding depressions and water-courses as possible. The team
lacked recent topographic maps of the area as in 1999. This meant spending the
majority of the available time tracking down sites with the help of local guides.
The study area has hardly any developed infrastructure. The road form
N'Djamena to Bongor is tarred just until Guelengdeng, to continue for some 30
kilometres to Bongor as a sand-road (financed by the Libyan government a tarred
road is under construction). From this main road a number of sandy paths connect
westward to the larger villages. The remaining infrastructure consists of foot-paths
and serve as the only 'roads of access' to the countryside. The common procedure
was to drive to a village or hamlet, question the local population whether there was
water nearby and then take a local guide to bring us to these sites.
In the census-period the water had dropped to a level, that most parts of the
study area could be reached by car. In the floodplain proper, the water had receded
to a large number of seasonal or permanent depressions and smaller rivers, where
sometimes large concentrations of birds could be observed, especially those where
fishing was prohibited. There was a motorised pirogue available in Logone Gana and
a first visit to the important central floodplain around Holom could be made.
Irrigation of the ricefields near Guefné and Bongor had not yet started and only small
numbers of birds were observed here.
16
3 Methods
3.1 Counting methods
In 1993 members of the Wildlife School, the Waza Logone Project and WIWO
conducted counts of birds in large parts of the study area in Cameroon (van Wetten
& Spierenburg 1998). Besides total counts at a number of sites in most cases sample
counts were made, which could be classified in several categories:
A. River bank census;
B. Line transect with recording of sighting distance;
C. Line transect with a fixed observation band;
D. Counts of migration to and from roosts.
The counts were repeated in the years 1995 – 1998 by members of the Wildlife
School and the Waza Logone Project at a number of fixed sites, covering most or all
(depending on waterlevels and accessibility) depressions and river-courses in the
Cameroonian Logone floodplain. In these years total counts of waterbirds and
waders were made whenever possible (or estimates were taken as a minimum
number), as point-counts, or counts by car, by foot or by pirogue (Lake Maga).
During the preparations of the 2000 census the participants agreed to join in with the
field methods used in the previous years and to carry out total counts whenever
possible in both Cameroon and Chad. The absolute numbers recorded have been
taken as the minimum estimate for the site, even if the site was or could not be fully
covered.
The total counts can be divided into:
A. Point-counts. The counts were carried out from a point, which overlooked the site.
All the visible birds were counted;
B. Counts along river banks and depressions, by car and/or foot. Double counts
were ruled out by only taking account birds that passed by (or birds which fled
opposite the walking or driving direction). A pirogue was used at Lake Maga and
at the Logone river between Logone Gana and Holom by the Chadian censusteam;
C. Count of roost migration (Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax at Bongor, Chad).
D. All the rice-fields were counted by car and whenever irrigation had started pointcounts were carried out at regular intervals.
3.2 Ringing
Many rings, applied on birds in Europe and recovered in Africa, are never reported.
People finding them are not aware of the function of the rings and do not know where
to report them to. It is expected that ringing in Africa will result in a larger amount of
rings to be reported back. This is the main reason for starting ringing activities in
Cameroon in 1999 and 2000. Since priority was given to the bird census the ringing
of birds was restricted to a period of fourteen days.
17
Waders
Special wader nets were placed on flooded ricefields and meadows in the rice
scheme near Yagoua. This was the only suitable site to catch waders at that time.
The nets were placed in the afternoon to trap birds that were coming in to roost or
forage during the night.
The mistnets had three horizontal sections. Each net was 12 meters long. The total
length of the net-rows varied from 36 to 60 meters. The nets were opened from dusk
(19.00 h.) until midnight (24.00 h.).
Songbirds
In a small marsh near Maga, along the dike of Lake Maga, mistnets were placed to
catch warblers in different aquatic vegetations at six locations. This was the same
location as in 1999. The length of the nets at the various locations varied from 9
meters (1 net) to 27 meter (3 nets).
At the following locations birds were captured:
- along the bank of a irrigation canal in a Ipomea-vegetation (2 x 9 m.);
- in shallow water in a Ipomea-vegetation (2 x 18 m.);.
- in shallow to moderately deep water in a Typha-vegetation (3 x 27 m.).
The nets were opened about half an hour before sunrise and closed again around
noon. All the birds were ringed with French rings and the appropriate biometric
parameters (e.g. wing-length, weight, tarsus, bill-length, depending upon the species)
were measured.
Plate 3. Flock of Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) in rice fields.
18
4 Results waterbirds counts
In the years 1995-1998 Lake Maga formed the southern limit of the bird-census area
in Cameroon. Since 1999 the rice-schemes just north of Yagoua (approximately 40
km south of Lake Maga) are
added to the census-area. The results of the Cameroonian Waza-Logone area are
presented in table 1. The results of the rice-scheme near Yagoua are included in
category 2 in table 1. The total of the species, observed in the Logone floodplain in
Chad are given in table 2. The species order in the tables follows Del Hoyo et al. All
results presented in this chapter are numbers of birds observed at the indicated spots
at the indicated date (see chapter 2). The presented results should be interpreted as
minimum numbers of the species present in the Logone floodplain in Cameroon and
Chad in February 2000.
Plate 4. White-faced and Fulvous Whistling Ducks.
19
4.1 Cameroon
Table 1. Total number of birds observed in the Waza-Logone area Cameroon, February 2000. The number refer
to the following areas: 1. Lake Maga, 2. Rice cultivation schemes, 3. Southern floodplain, 4. Northern floodplain,
5. Southern ponds, 6. Northern ponds, 7. Waza NP, 8. Kalamaloué NP, 9. Logone river, 10. Waza camp plain.
Area/Category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9a
0
0
0
854
22
31
2
44
1
2
1
84
260
247
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
0
0
617
0
0
8
31
126
0
0
0
0
28
0
0
205
0
2
0
6
0
3
15
10
3
0
0
97
417
0
0
0
17
126
1431
0
0
60
64
6
350
4161
231
0
0
0
0
44
195
0
1
0
26
282
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
53
9
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
62
1
8
0
0
0
7
0
0
2
0
2
0
123
0
4
0
946
88
555
0
8
25
104
2
1136
2797
361
0
157
0
0
211
142
1
87
1
461
292
8
33
10
23
274
0
0
189
1446
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
46
2
12
0
0
196
10
0
7
6
4
0
0
232
0
32
5
746
82
33
0
0
226
2352
0
739
1458
497
0
0
0
0
132
22
0
2
1
89
146
0
21
2
0
270
0
0
187
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
19
0
0
3
374
79
242
0
0
133
278
7
304
3802
946
0
3
0
0
149
173
0
396
0
32
935
84
154
7
1
2301
4
1
1012
1257
0
0
0
0
0
1065
0
0
44
6
23
0
0
204
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
216
0
2
0
51
13
88
0
2
37
1740
0
1112
674
101
0
0
0
0
40
10
0
1
1
139
60
0
7
0
0
56
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
67
16
38
80
387
0
0
47
0
0
217
145
238
0
25
0
0
216
36
30
2
25
607
293
32
129
4
11
6878
0
0
627
1405
0
99
123
0
10
1745
1
0
5
3
0
0
0
889
0
0
5
0
1
1
0
58
0
0
0
104
36
62
0
3
30
0
0
69
112
41
1
209
0
0
22
23
4
0
0
8
16
6
63
0
0
1161
0
0
10
47
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
15
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
0
0
1427
56
196
0
1
4
17
1
451
574
4
0
0
0
0
56
179
0
0
1
182
76
31
7
0
0
110
0
0
213
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
14
4
3
0
2
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
9b
10
Total
0
5
0
0
0
0
51
97
30
101
66
113
0
0
0
4
5
58
65
113
1
0
445 1064
618
971
48
373
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
10
123
143
0
2
0
0
0
1
26
28
73
108
3
2
34
235
4
7
0
48
18 11042
0
0
1
5
0
29
28
307
0
2
0
13
0
328
0
0
0
0
0
472
0
0
0
0
9
13
1
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
10
21
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
22
5
105
24
4705
713
3204
2
62
626
4735
18
5971
15572
3087
1
394
0
0
899
1054
37
489
30
1582
2285
174
690
34
83
22727
4
7
2340
4540
128
112
452
0
10
3314
6
0
424
23
55
0
8
1361
20
15
48
29
9
3
97
1165
Species
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Pelecanus onocrotalus
Pelecanus rufescens
Phalacrocorax africanus
Ardea cinerea
Ardea melanocephala
Ardea goliath
Ardea purpurea
Egretta alba
Egretta ardesiaca
Egretta intermedia
Egretta garzetta
Bubulcus ibis
Ardeola ralloides
Butorides striatus
Nycticorax nyticorax
Ixobrychus minutus
Scopus umbretta
Mycteria ibis
Anastomus lamelligerus
Ciconia episcopus
Ciconia ciconia
Ephippiorhynchus
Leptoptilos crumeniferus
Threskiornis aethiopicus
Bostrychia hagedash
Plegadis falcinellus
Platalea alba
Dendrocygna bicolor
Dendrocygna viduata
Anser albifrons
Tadorna tadorna
Plectropterus gambensis
Sarkidiornis melanota
Nettapus auritus
Anas acuta
Anas clypeata
Anas hottentota
Anas crecca
Anas querquedula
Haliaeetus vocifer
Theratopius ecaudatus
Circus aeruginosus
Circus macrourus
Circus pyrargus
Lophaetus occipitalis
Pandion haliaetus
Balearica pavonina
Amaurornis flavirostris
Porphyrio porphyrio
Gallinula chloropus
Gallinula angulata
Otis arabs
Eupodotis melanogaster
Microparra capensis
Actophilornis africana
20
Table 1. Continued. Total number of birds observed in the Waza-Logone area Cameroon, February 2000.
Area/Category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9a
9b
10
Total
0
39
0
0
2
100
0
67
37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
1
13
0
0
0
0
306
5
213
2
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
67
0
2
277
3
0
0
1129
0
10
180
5
21
6
9
22
0
0
2
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
11
329
4
3
29
6
5836
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
0
9
333
0
0
19
551
0
13
233
49
48
0
5
22
0
0
0
7
0
8
0
61
0
10
36
19
98
15
0
48
3
6335
2
205
319
53
0
0
0
17
0
0
7
52
0
0
97
4
0
45
5
0
5
90
31
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
27
5
9
0
0
10
3
3952
0
84
0
8
0
495
248
0
0
0
1
26
0
0
174
4
0
0
453
0
3
201
77
74
0
0
19
32
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
48
2
3
24
84
17
0
89
12
3514
0
0
0
2
0
0
6
11
0
0
0
20
0
0
212
0
0
0
86
0
6
27
16
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
26
22
0
0
0
0
3762
0
0
0
1
0
47
56
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
81
10
0
0
14
0
0
172
18
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
13
6
31
2
0
7
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
62
0
0
73
24
0
0
45
0
0
2
6
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
54
26
17
54
0
26
5
43
0
33
0
6
0
0
24
0
0
0
5
74
1
0
245
168
0
94
5
0
4
143
7
14
0
9
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
0
10
119
19
12
29
0
135
10
9651
0
285
24
31
0
51
0
148
8
0
0
71
0
0
141
63
0
6
32
0
0
81
8
21
0
1
7
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
59
0
3
177
6
3
15
0
194
0
217
0
56
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
38
0
0
667
0
0
0
81
0
0
255
33
0
0
8
5
0
0
0
0
0
59
0
0
0
83
26
35
53
72
0
269
1
603
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
0
11
2328
252
0
239
2480
0
108
1464
244
182
8
46
150
44
1
2
32
1
69
1
150
48
114
475
178
671
208
3
807
40
34249
7
876
345
101
0
602
334
176
8
0
25
365
1
2825 18046
130923
Species
Rostratula benghalensis
Himantopus himantopus
Burhinus senegalensis
Burhinus capensis
Pluvianus aegyptius
Glareola pratincola
Glareola cinerea
Vanellus crassirostris
Vanellus spinosus
Vanellus tectus
Vanellus senegallus
Vanellus albiceps
Charadrius hiaticula
Charadrius dubius
Charadrius pecuarius
Charadrius alexandrinus
Charadrius asiaticus
Gallinago gallinago
Lymnocryptes minimus
Limosa limosa
Numenius arquata
Tringa erythropus
Tringa totanus
Tringa stagnatilis
Tringa nebularia
Tringa ochropus
Tringa glareola
Actitis hypoleucos
Calidris alpina
Calidris minuta
Calidris temminckii
Philomachus pugnax
Larus fuscus
Larus cirrocephalus
Larus ridibundus
Gelochelidon nilotica
Sterna albifrons
Chlidonias leucopterus
Chlidonias hybridus
Chlidonias niger
Chlidonias spec.
Ceyx pictus
Alcedo cristata
Ceryle rudis
Megaceryle maxima
Totals
3997 15194 18457 12243 19117
8450 14895
2652 15047
21
4.2 Chad
Table 2. Total number of birds observed in the Logone floodplain Chad, February 2000. The numbers refer
to the following areas: 1. Bongor, 2. Koumi, 3. Katoa, 4. Logone Gana, 5, Malfana, 6. Mandelia/Darda, 7.
Koundoul, 8. Holom.
Area
1
2
3
3
82
0
157
4
0
0
0
81
0
536
1253
0
341
0
0
139
0
22
18
0
0
2
35
215
54
0
2
23
0
5
0
0
34
0
11
104
0
91
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
75
0
4
1
521
1
52
1
24
0
1
4
0
7
0
173
358
0
0
0
0
78
0
0
16
0
0
0
1900
150
18
0
400
13
0
0
0
1
3
0
5
105
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
531
0
575
4
67
4
59
300
0
186
0
943
776
0
0
0
0
2
309
35
269
4
0
16
1250
82
21
0
350
46
0
4
0
0
73
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
63
0
22
37
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
9
0
0
0
3009
4
5
6
7
8
Total
0
3
17
128
250
142
9
14
15
34
98
337
0
52
37
67
28
16
1098
240
285
10
92
18
704
813
148
0
0
0
282 1651 1221
175
979
278
0
1
4
1
283
301
0
1
2
162
0
0
6
45
113
0
0
66
2
27
0
216
234
52
9
475
472
7
0
0
0
30
0
152 9414 3204
13
2
42
62
576
577
0
21
26
0 4351
635
8
51
57
0
0
1
1
12
15
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
167
286
0
4
34
8
460
634
0
0
0
19
201
444
0
9
13
0
4
75
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
37
220
343
10
4
36
2
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
2
0
5
82
0
0
15
0
2
0
0
31
2
0
0
0
0
8
875
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
1
30
2
41
54
3
12
2
14
214
187
1
10
28
3
54
324
0
0
3
126 10747 15334
0
2
2
2
0
2
0
2
66
0
145
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
7
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
298
0
0
0
0
0
41
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
33
0
161
0
2323
0
368
32
33
2
9
702
0
667
200
372
359
0
0
0
16
29
160
116
36
31
2
1
3260
63
90
0
360
23
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
48
0
105
58
60
1150
0
4
285
3
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
70
1
1
6
0
0
5704
24
1599
77
752
99
182
2629
122
2672
200
5323
4251
5
926
3
178
412
535
202
841
993
9
49
19215
567
1399
47
6101
228
1
39
4
1
117
453
54
1395
3
1161
80
139
1213
8
26
980
58
29
7
2
91
15
2
48
2
883
5
1
32
174
19
541
45
546
4
38295
Species
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Phalacrocorax africanus
Ardea cinerea
Ardea melanocephala
Ardea purpurea
Egretta alba
Egretta ardesiaca
Egretta intermedia
Egretta garzetta
Egretta spec.
Bubulcus ibis
Ardeola ralloides
Butorides striatus
Nycticorax nycticorax
Scopus umbretta
Mycteria ibis
Anastomus lamelligerus
Ciconia ciconia
Leptoptilos cruminiferus
Threskiornis aethiopicus
Platalea alba
Dendrocygna bicolor
Dendrocygna viduata
Sarkidiornis melanota
Nettapus auritus
Anas querquedula
Circus aeruginosus
Circus macrourus
Circus pyrargus
Pandion haliaetus
Lophaetus occipitalis
Balearica pavonina
Gallinula angulata
Microparra capensis
Actophilornis africana
Eupodotis melanogaster
Himantopus himantopus
Burhinus senegalensis
Pluvianus aegyptius
Glareola pratincola
Glareola cinerea
Vanellus crassirostris
Vanellus spinosus
Vanellus tectus
Vanellus senegallus
Charadrius hiaticula
Charadrius pecuarius
Charadrius dubius
Charadrius alexandrinus
Lymnocryptus minimus
Gallinago gallinago
Gallinago media
Limosa limosa
Tringa erythropus
Tringa totanus
Tringa stagnatilis
Tringa nebularia
Tringa ochropus
Tringa glareola
Actitis hypoleucos
Calidris minuta
Calidris temminckii
Philomachus pugnax
22
Table 2. Continued. Total number of birds observed in the Logone floodplain, Chad, February 2000.
Area
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
520
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
4
16
0
9
1
2
4
0
0
28
60
11
39
0
24
1
4
0
1
0
12
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
29
2
0
0
0
756
0
0
113
30
30
5
4
3
789
622
24
203
Species
Larus cirrocephalus
Gelochelidon nilotica
Sterna bengalensis
Sterna caspia
Chlidonias niger
Chlidonias leucopterus
Chlidonias hybridus
Alcedo cristata
Ceryle rudis
Total
3876 3863 9090 3406 32088 26978 3184 15338 97823
4.3. Comparison with previous years
The presence of waterholding depressions in the census period is the determining factor for the
occurrence of waterbirds and waders in the Waza Logone region. Since 1993 six censuses have been
carried out. The various census sites can be regrouped in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lake Maga and the rice schemes of Semry II (with the rice schemes at Yagoua included in 1999);
The floodplain (including the Logomatya);
Waza National Park and Waza Camp;
Kalamaloue National Park;
The Logone river (including the Lorome-Wazra sidebranch).
Table 3 and Figure 3 present the numbers of waterfowl and waders, observed in the Waza Logone
area in 1993 and 1995 to 1999.
Table 3. Comparison of counting results for five distinct areas over several years in the
Waza Logone area in Cameroon. Sources: (van Wetten & Spierenburg 1998; WLP,
internal reports Waza Logone Project; Dijkstra et al 2002).
Area
A
B
C
D
E
Total
Year
1993
12,564
39,419
2,394
2,176
2,124
58,672
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
11,113
10,196
27,513
19,865
30,203
11,565
35,076
29,350
43,576
35,397
4,616
25,654
26,022
19,759
8,259
12,617
14,438
5,690
10,872
8,104
687
1,869
1,669
2,833
11,683
40,598
87,233
90,244
96,905
93,646
2000
19,191
58,267
17,872
2,652
32,941
130,923
The total number of birds increased considerably since 1995, which coincides with the first opening of
the embankment along the Logone. The increase in numbers in 2000 in the floodplain and in the
Waza National Park indicates that the reopening of the dam in phases over the last years (together
with the high rainfall in 1999) has the intended result.
23
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Figure 3. Total numbers of waterbirds in the Waza – Logone area in the period 1993 - 2000.
Plate 5. Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus).
24
5 Results bird ringing
We caught and ringed wintering wetland birds (waders and reedbirds originating from
Palearctic breeding grounds) in order to increase our knowledge about these birds.
There is still little known about the origin of marshbirds in the Lake Chad Basin.
There are only some scattered recoveries all over the Western Palearctic. It is not
clear whether recoveries originate from local breeding birds or migrants at the places
where the were recovered. The majority of the recoveries consist of birds that were
ringed in Europe and were reported from the Lake Chad Basin (Dijkstra et al 2002).
A total of 133 birds were ringed (see table 4). The following data were collected: wing
length, P8, tarsus, weight, fat and moult-score. From the waders the bill length and
head/bill length were also measured.
In total we spent four days catching and ringing warblers. In the marshes along the
dike, north of Lake Maga, warblers were caught with nets placed in vegetation of
Typha. Since Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus and Sedge Warbler
Arundinaceus schoenobaenus are the most numerous species observed (de Kort &
van Weerd 1995) these species were also caught most. Most of the marshes along
the dike (nearly 20 km long) and perhaps the southern border of Lake Maga will be
most successful catching sites and can be chosen as a Constant Effort Site (CES).
At such a site warblers can be captured annually at the same moment and with the
same methods. The number of captured birds can then be seen as an indicator of
population changes. Recapturing ringed birds also provides information on survival
rates.
Because of the low recovery rate, further research is necessary in order to discover
the breeding grounds of wintering Palearctic birds in Cameroon and Chad. The
Cameroonian participants are closely involved in the ringing activities. For them this
was a novel experience.
Due to a lack of knowledge, many rings, applied in Europe and found in Africa, are
not reported back. People who find them are not aware of the function of the rings
and do not know where to report them. It is expected that local ringing schemes in
West Africa will result in a larger amount of rings to be reported to European ringers
in the near future.
Plate 6. Painted Snipe (Rostratula bengalensis).
25
Table 4. Number and species of birds
ringed at Lake Maga, North-Cameroon in
February 2000.
Species
Little Bittern
Baillon’s Crake
Painted Snipe
Wood Sandpiper
Common Sandpiper
Ruff
Little Bee-eater
Wryneck
Yellow Wagtail
Sedge Warbler
African Reed Warbler
Eurasian Reed Warbler
Great Reed Warbler
Cisticola spec.
Tawny-flanked Prinia
Beautiful Sunbird
Grey-headed Sparrow
Red-billed Firefinch
Village Indigobird
Red-cheeked Gordon-bleu
African Silverbill
White-rumped Serin
total
number
3
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
5
39
1
4
24
1
19
1
1
10
1
8
1
2
133
Some African species were not ringed. The team lacked the appropriate rings to ring
the four captured Malachite Kingfishers. A few hundred Quelea's were captured,
which were not ringed either.
The capturing of waders was not very successful, because it was adversely
influenced by the presence of the full moon, which made nets visible at a large
distance.
5.1 Songbirds
Six birds were recaptured which had been ringed in 1999 at the same site:
- Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus : 3
- Sedge Warbler Arundinaceus schoenobaenus: 1
- Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava: 1
- Cisticola spec.: 1
From all the captured birds the weight was taken and the fat-score determined.
These features are indicators for the condition of the birds.
Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus rundinaceus
Only two Great Reed Warbler showed marks of migratory fat. One bird with score 2
(on the scale of Busse) and one with score 3. Because of the short ringing period it
was not possible to look at changes in fat scores. The fact that the Great Reed
26
Warbler leaves its wintering grounds in April explains why only two birds showed
marks of fat. They still have enough time to build up fat.
Of the 24 captured birds 12 could be sexed on the basis of their biometry (wing > 99
mm. = male; wing <93mm. = female): 4 females and 8 males. Biometric data of the
captured Great Reed Warblers are given in tables 5 and 6).
Table 5. Wing length of 24 Great Reed Warblers captured in North Cameroon in February 2000.
Wing length (mm)
80
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Number
1
3
1
1
1
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
1
Table 6. Measurements (mm) and weight (g) of Great Reed Warblers captured in North Cameroon in
February 2000.
Males Great Reed Warbler
Average
Wing (mm)
102
101
103
100
100
100
101
101
Tarsus (mm)
29
30.6
29.5
29.8
30.1
28.0
29.4
29.5
Fat
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
Weight (g)
36.0
30.0
32.1
32.2
32.5
31.5
30.1
32.1
Females Great Reed Warbler
Average
Wing
(mm)
92
80
92
92
89.0
Tarsus
(mm)
34.2
26.3
28.2
30.5
29.8
Fat
0
0
0
0
0
Weight
(g)
31.4
27.9
27.5
25.4
28.0
The deviation in the data is to big to tell something about the origin of the birds, but
they all fit in the European population of the Great Reed Warbler.
Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Of 37 captured Sedge Warbler the average wing length was 67,8 mm. (see Table 7).
On the basis of the wing-length it is possible to speculate on the origin of the birds.
Wing-length in Britain is mainly 60-68, in the Netherlands 62-71 and in the eastern
Mediterranean region and East and South-east Europe 63-72 mm. The majority of
27
the captured birds have wing-lengths which fit in the eastern and south-eastern
population. It is a known fact that populations from northern Europe have their
wintering grounds south of birds of southern and south-eastern populations.
Table 7. Wing length of 37 Sedge Warblers captured in North Cameroon in February 2000.
Wing length (mm)
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Number
1
3
6
5
4
9
7
1
The average weight of the Sedge Warbler was 11.37 mm. Only one captured bird
had a fat score (5). Since Sedge Warbler leave their wintering grounds in April, it was
probably to early in the year to find many birds with fat. Due the variation the weights
it was not possible to confirm the possible origin of the birds. The mean for the tarsus
of the caught birds was 21.46 mm.
Plate 7. Tawny-flanked Prinia (Prina subflava).
28
6 Ornithological importance of the Waza-Logone floodplain
The Waza-Logone floodplain has recently been the subject of several ornithological
surveys and studies (OAG Münster 1991; de Kort & van Weerd 1995; Scholte et al
1995; Scholte et al 1996a; Scholte et al 1996b; van Wetten & Spierenburg 1998).
A number of 346 bird species has been recorded since 1991. The most
numerous waterbird species are White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus, Squacco
Heron Ardeola ralloides, Little Egret Egretta garzetta, Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis,
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus, White-faced Whistling Duck Dencrocygna viduata,
Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola, Ruff Philomachus pugnax (this report) and
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa (OAG Münster 1991). For the resident species
Black-crowned Crane Balearica pavonina the Logone floodplain is one of the last
strongholds (2,500 individuals, Scholte et al 1996a). White Stork Ciconia ciconia
occur irregular with flocks of up to 2,700 birds. For Collared Pratincole the area is one
of the major wintering areas in Africa. Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
and Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scripaceus are very abundant as well as Barn
Swallow Hirundo rustica (de Kort & van Weerd 1995).
Waterbird numbers have been increasing since 1995 (and especially in 2000),
indicating that the floodplain restoration of the Waza-Logone Project has a positive
effect on waterbird habitat quality.
Several studies have highlighted the importance of the Logone floodplain as a major
site for wintering and resident waders and waterbirds in the Lake Chad Basin Area.
Many waterfowl species surpass in number the 1% Ramsar criterion (see table 8) (de
Kort & van Weerd 1995, Scott & Rose 1996, this study).This criterion states that a
wetland is considered to be of international importance if it regularly supports 1% or
more of the population of a species. Regularly can be defined as the mean of the
seasonal maxima, taken over at least five years. We used Urban et al 1986 for
calculating the 1% level for Collared Pratincole.
Table 8. Waders and waterbirds in the Logone area occurring in numbers surpassing the 1%
Ramsar criterion (after de Kort et al 1995, Scott et al 1996, Dijkstra et al 2002 and this study).
Species
Pelecanus onocrotalus
Ardea melanocephala
Ardeola ralloides
Egretta garzetta
Dendrocygne bicolor
Dendrocygne viduata
Alopochen aegyptiacus
Sarkidiornis melanotos
Anas acuta
Anas querquedula
Balearica pavonina
Philomachus pugnax
Glareola pratincola
1 – 2%
2 –10%
> 10%
X
Occasional
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Regular
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Numbers
2000
1% level
100
4,000
7,600
8,600
1,700
130
42,000
0
2,900
5,500
100
9,400
1,500
72,500
3,700
300
?
120
600
300
1,000
2,500
175
500
500
12,000
20,000
50
10,000
1,000
29
7 Conclusions and recommendations for further research
The number of observed waterfowl and waders has grown since 1995, the year of the
first controlled reflooding of the Waza-Logone area, and has even increased
considerably in 2000. It appears that the goals set at the start of the Waza-Logone
Project are bearing fruit.
-
The February 2000 bird-census revealed that the floodplains of the Logone are
even more important for wintering Palearctic and Afrotropical waterfowl as stated
in 1993-1999. For the first time since the census started, the number of waterfowl
and waders counted in the Cameroonian floodplains exceeded 100,000 birds! The
numbers on the Chadian side of the Logone nearly quadrupled. Expeditions in the
future should be aiming at making further contacts with organisations and people
in Chad and at recounting the areas of 2000 and carrying out counts at not yet
discovered depressions and water-courses.
-
A continuation of the mid-winter counts will provide valuable data on traditionally
ignored wintering grounds of many vulnerable Palearctic species. A yearly
repetition of counting the same area in a standard way will give insights
fluctuations of numbers of migratory birds in Europe. Furthermore, the
forthcoming data from these yearly mid-winter counts allow evaluation of the
reflooding of the area as conducted by the Waza Logone Project.
-
Reflooding of the Waza Logone floodplain as started in 1994, has shown to have
a positive effect on numbers of birds in the area. Since numbers and diversity of
birds are regarded as good indicators for the ecological situation in general, we
recommend continuation of reflooding as scheduled for the coming years.
-
It is vital to establish an adequate network of protected areas to ensure the
survival of migratory birds. All wetlands of international importance should be safe
guarded. According to the international importance of the Logone floodplain for
wintering and resident waders and waterbirds, we recommend the Cameroonian
government to sign the Ramsar Convention (Chad signed the convention in
1990). Designation of (parts of) the Logone floodplain under operation of the
Ramsar Convention is desirable.
-
Ringing of selected bird species in the Waza-Logone floodplain could give
information on the origin of species and the flyways these species use. Provided
that a number of participants in the expeditions can devote themselves entirely to
the ringing of birds over a period of three to four weeks. Ringing activities should
be continued in the winter periods in order to investigate possibilities at different
levels: suitability of the area, expected scientific yield, interest of local
organisations with the establishment of a future partnership in mind, and
expansion of training capacity on a local scale.
-
The co-operation between WLP, WIWO, WSG and CMEW proved to be very
successful in 2000. The board of the Waza-Logone Project will continue further
co-operation in the period 2001-2004.
30
-
The Chadian Ministry of Environment and Water, and the Lake Chad Basin
Committee have expressed their desire to strengthen the co-operation between
these organisations and WIWO. Chad has an enormous surface of temporarily
inundated wetlands, south and east of Bongor, which have never been censused.
A comparison between the results of bird censuses (carried out in regions with
scattered lakes and depressions) from ground surveys and surveys by plane (as
carried out in the Lake Chad Basin by B. Trolliet of the Office National de la
Chasse in Chanteloup, France) reveals that ground surveys for most species give
higher totals. With enough volunteers the censused area can be extended to
these never visited floodplains south and east of Bongor or to the plains between
the capital N'Djamena and Lake Chad proper.
Plate 8. White Pelicans and White-faced Whistling Ducks.
31
8 Lists of observed fauna
8.1 List of bird observations Chad
During the bird-census of waterfowl and waders in the Logone area in Chad observations of
other bird-species were made. These data were not systematically collected. Since recent
data on the birds of Chad are lacking, the observations made in 1999 and 2000 in Chad are
given below.
Little Egret - Egretta garzetta
2000. 1802: Colony of 1630 nests depression of Metete, Malfana; no activity; probably Longtailed Cormorant - Phalacrocorax africanus and Cattle Egret - Bubulcus ibis also nesting
there
Black-headed Heron - Ardea melanocephala
2000. 0402: Breeding colony with at least 50 nests (large young) centre of N'Djamena; at
least 40 adults present
Marabou Stork - Leptoptilos crumeniferus
2000. 0402: Breeding colony (large young) centre of N'Djamena; at least 60 adults present;
1402: Breeding colony (at least 10 nests) Douvoul, Holom
Osprey - Pandion haliaetus
2000. 0802: 1 captured Gouaye 10°43'786" N./15°06'819'' E.; ringnumber: M-40093 Museum
Zool Helsinki Finland
Western Honey-Buzzard - Pernis apivorus
2000. 1802: 1 Metete, Malfana
African Swallow-tailed Kite - Chelictinia riocourii
1999. 2701: 9 Bongor
2000. 0502: 2 N'Djamena - Mandelia; 2002: 2 Zetane river, Koundoul
Black-shouldered Kite - Elanus caeruleus
2000. 0502: 1 Bongor-Koumi; 0602: 8 Koumi; 0702: 2 Katoa; 0802:3 Rice-fields Bongor;
0902: 1 Mana, Bongor; 1 Bariam, Bongor; 1002: 5 Lifie n. of Bongor; 4 Kidim n. of Bongor;
1102: 1 Bongor-Guelendeng; 1202: 3 n. of Darda; 1802: 1 Riguegué, Malfana; 1902: 3 Mallo
n. of Mandelia
Black Kite - Milvus migrans
1999 and 2000. Common throughout study-area
Hooded Vulture - Necrosyrtes monachus
1999. Comon throughout study-area
2000. 0502: 12 N'Djamena-Mandelia; 9 Mandelia-Guelendeng; 0602: 12 Koumi; 1102: 40
Bongor-Guelendeng; 20 Mandelia; 1402: 86 Douvoul and Holom
African White-backed Vulture - Gyps africanus
1999. 2601: 1 Katoa; 3001: 1 Logone Gana; 0202: 1 Malfana; 0302: 1 Mandelia
2000. 0602: 1 Katoa; 0702: 10 Katoa; 1402: 25 Douvoul, Holom; 1502: 4 w. of Mandelia;
1602: 1 w. of Mandelia; 1802: 1 Metete, Malfana; 1902: 1 Dogo n. of Mandelia; 26 Mallo n.
of Mandelia
32
Rüppell's Vulture - Gyps rüppellii
1999. 0302: 1 Mandelia
2000. 1402: 4 Douvoul, Holom; 1902: 5 Mallo n. of Mandelia
Lappet-faced Vulture - Aegypius tracheliotus
2000. 0702: 1 Katoa; 1802: 1 Metete, Malfana
Bateleur - Terathopius ecaudatus
1999. 2801: 3 Mandelia; 0302: 1 Mandelia
2000. 1102: 2 imm. Guelendeng-Mandelia; 1502: 3 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 1 w. of Mandelia
Short-toed Snake-Eagle - Circaetus gallicus
2000. 1202: 1 n. of Darda; 1502: 2 w. of Mandelia
African Harrier Hawk - Polyboroides typus
1999. Regularly observed in study-area
2000. 1602: Adult w. of Darda; 1702: 1 Magadji, Malfana
Gabar Goshawk - Micronisus gabar
2000. 0702: 2 Katoa; 1002: 1 Lifie n. of Bongor; 1502: 1 Darda; 1602: 1 w. of Darda
Dark Chanting Goshawk - Melierax metabates
1999. 2101: 1 Bongor; 2301: 1 Bongor; 1 Koumi; 2601: 2 Katoa; 2801: 2 Mandelia; 3101: 2
Logone Gana; 0202: 3 Malfana; 0302: 5 Mandelia
2000. 0602: 3 Koumi; 0702: 2 Katoa; 0902: 1 Mana, Bongor; 1102: 4 Guelendeng-Mandelia;
1202: 1 n. of Darda; 1902: 2 n. of Mandelia
African Goshawk - Accipiter tachiro
2000. 1902: 1 Dogo n. of Mandelia
Shikra - Accipiter badius
2000. 1002: 3 Lifie n. of Bongor; 1902: Male Dogo n. of Mandelia; male Mallo n. of Mandelia
Grashopper Buzzard - Butastur rufipennis
2000. 0502: 14 Guelendeng-Bongor; 0802: 1 Guefné n. of Bongor; 0902: 1 Bariam, Bongor;
1002: 4 Lifie n. of Bongor; 5 Kidim n. of Bongor; 1102: 13 Bongor-Guelendeng; 1202: 4
Darda; 1502: 2 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 2 Arbadji w. of Mandelia; 2002: 3 Zetane river,
Koundoul
Lesser Spotted Eagle - Aquila pomarina
2000. 0502: 1 N'Djamena-Mandelia
Tawny Eagle - Aquila rapax
2000. 0502: 1 Mandelia-Guelendeng; 1602: 1 Arbadji w. of Mandelia
Steppe Eagle - Aquila nipalensis
2000. 1202: 2 n. of Darda
Wahlberg's Eagle - Aquila wahlbergi
2000. 0802: 1 Teleme n. of Bongor; 0902: 1 Mana, Bongor; 1202: 1 n. of Darda
Booted Eagle - Hieraaetus pennatus
2000. 1202: 1 n. of Darda; 1502: 1 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 1 w. of Mandelia
33
Montagu's Harrier - Circus pyrargus
2000. 0502: 2 N'Djamena-Mandelia; 1002: Female Lifie n. of Bongor; 1102: Male BongorGuelendeng; 1402: 3 Logone Gana; 1902: male and 4 female n. of Mandelia; 2002: male
Zetane river, Koundoul
Red-necked Falcon - Falco chicqera
2000. 0802: 1 Bongor; 1402: 1 Douvoul, Holom; 1502: 2 w. of Mandelia
Common Kestrel - Falco tinnunculus
2000. 1002: 1 Lifie n. of Bongor; 1 Kidim n. of Bongor
Fox Kestrel - Falco alopex
2000. 1202: 1 n. of Darda
Grey Kestrel - Falco ardosiaceus
2000. 1902: 1 Dogo n. of Mandelia
Lanner - Falco biarmicus
2000. 1402: 1 Holom; 1502: 1 w. of Mandelia
Common Button-Quail - Turnix sylvatica
2000. 0702: 12 Katoa; 0802: 4 Koumi; 1002: 8 Lifie, Bongor
Common Quail - Coturnix coturnix
2000. 0702: 2 Katoa
Helmeted Guineafowl - Numida meleagris
2000. 0902: 40 Mana, Bongor
Black Crowned Crane - Balearica pavonina
2000. 0702: 2 in stubble-field along Logone, Katoa (10°52'133'' N./15°10'323'' E.); 0802: 3 in
fields Katoa; 5 on sand-bank in Logone south of Katoa (10°46'648'' N./15°05'213'' E.); 3 near
Gouaye
Clapperton's Francolin - Francolinus clappertoni
2000. 0602: 1 Koumi; 3 Katoa; 1002: 2 Kidim, Bongor; 1802: 1 with pulli Malfana
Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse - Pterocles exustus
2000. 0502: 15 N'Djamena-Mandelia; 0902: 2 Mana, Bongor
Bruce's Green Pigeon - Treron waalia
2000. 0902: 10 Mana, Bongor; 4 Lifie, Bongor
Black-billed Wood Dove - Turtur abyssinicus
Namaqua Dove - Oena capensis
Speckled Pigeon - Columba guinea
Mourning Dove - Streptopelia decipiens
34
Vinaceous Dove - Streptopelia vinacea
African Collared Dove - Streptopelia roseogrisea
1999 and 2000. Locally common throughout study-area
European Turtle Dove - Streptopelia turtur
1999. 2201: 2 Bongor; 2701: 1 Bongor
2000. 0602: 780 Koumi; 1202: 600 n. of Darda; 1802: 800 Metete, Malfana
Laughing Dove - Streptopelia senegalensis
Rose-ringed Parrakeet - Psittacula krameri
2000. 0502: 5 N'Djamena-Mandelia; 0902: 2 Bariam, Bongor
Western Grey Plantain-eater - Crinifer piscator.
1999. 2201: 2 Bongor; 2901: 2 Mandelia
2000. 1102: 2 Mandelia; 1502: 1 Darda; 1602: 2 Arbadji w. of Mandelia
Great Spotted Cuckoo - Clamator glandarius
1999. 2401: 1 Katoa
2000. 1402: 1 Logone Gana
Senegal Coucal - Centropus senegalensis
Barn Owl - Tyto alba
1999. 22 and 2301: Present in Bongor
2000. Present in Bongor, Katoa and Darda
Long-tailed Nightjar - Caprimulgus climacurus
2000. 0902: 3 males and 1 female Lifie, Bongor
African Palm Swift - Cypsiurus parvus
Little Swift - Apus affinis
1999. Common throughout study-area
2000. 0502: 80 N'Djamena-Guelendeng; 50 Guelendeng; 120 Bongor-Koumi; 0602: 75
Katoa; 1102: 400 Mandelia
Little Bee-eater - Merops pusillus
1999. 2201: 6 Bongor; 2901: 4 Mandelia
2000. 0702: 2 Katoa; 1202: 2 n. of Darda; 1302: 2 w. of Mandelia; 1902: 1 Mallo, Mandelia
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater - Merops persicus
1999. 2801: 2 Mandelia
2000. 1202: 5 n. of Darda
Carmine Bee-eater - Merops nubicus
1999. 2301: 7 Bongor; 2701: 5 Bongor; 2901: 2 Mandelia; 0402: 12 Koundoul
35
2000. 0502: 3 Guelendeng-Bongor; 0902: 18 Mana, Bongor; 6 Bariam, Bongor; 40 Lifie,
Bongor; 1002: 66 Kidim, Bongor; 2002: 3 Koundoul
Abbysinian Roller - Coracias abyssinica
Blue-naped Mousebird - Urocolius macrourus
2000. 0902: 4 Bariam, Bongor; 1602: 9 w. of Mandelia; 2002: 4 Zetane river, Koundoul
Green Wood-Hoopoe - Phoeniculus purpureus
1999. 3001: 2 Logone Gana; 0202: 2 Malfana
2000. 0602: 1 Koumi; 0902: 1 Bariam, Bongor; 1002: 2 Kidim, Bongor; 1302: 4 w. of
Mandelia; 1502: 4 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 22 w. of Mandelia; 1802: 3 Riguegué, Malfana;
2002: 2 Darda
Black Wood-Hoopoe - Phoeniculus aterrimus
2000. 1602: 4 w. of Mandelia
Hoopoe - Upupa epops
1999. 2301: 1 Koumi; 0202: 1 Malfana; 0302: 1 Mandelia
2000. 0602: 1 Koumi; 0902: 1 Bariam, Bongor; 1202: 3 n. of Darda; 1302: 3 w. of Mandelia;
1502: 6 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 5 Arbadji w. of Mandelia; 1702: 1 Malfana; 1902: 2 Gangang,
Mandelia; 2002: 1 Zetane river, Koundoul
Abyssinian Ground Hornbill - Bucorvus abyssinicus
1999. 2401: Male, female and imm. Koumi; 2501: 2 adult Katoa
2000. 0602: 4 Katoa; 0802: Male, female and imm. Koumi; 1002: Male, female and imm.
Lifie, Bongor; male, female and imm. Kidim, Bongor
Red-billed Hornbill - Tockus erythrorhynchus
1999. Common throughout study-area
2000. 0602: 1 Koumi; 0702: 4 Katoa; 0802: 5 Katoa; 1002: 30 Lifie, Bongor; 1102: 1
Guelendeng-Mandelia; 3 Kole Mara, Mandelia; 1202: 1 Darda; 1402: 20 Logone Gana; 1502:
4 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 8 Darda; 1702: 12 Malfana; 1902: 10 Dogo, Mandelia
African Grey Hornbill - Tockus nasutus
1999. 2401: 3 Koumi; 2701: 1 Katoa; 3001: 2 Logone Gana
2000. 0602: 5 Koumi; 0702: 2 Koumi; 1002: 1 Lifie, Bongor; 1902: 1 Dogo, Mandelia
Vieillot's Barbet - Lybius vieilloti
2000. 1202: 1 Darda
Grey Woodpecker - Dendropicos goertae
2000. 0902: 1 Lifie, Bongor
Chestnut-backed Finch-Lark - Eremopterix leucotis
1999. 0302: 20 Mandelia; 0402: 8 Koundoul
2000. 1602: 3 w. of Mandelia; 1802: 1 Riguegué, Malfana
Crested Lark - Galerida cristata
2000. 0702: 1 Katoa
Rufous-breasted Swallow - Hirundo semirufa
2000. 0902: 1 Mana, Bongor
36
Ethiopian Swallow - Hirundo aethiopica
Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica
1999 and 2000. Locally common throughout study-area
Yellow Wagtail - Motacilla flava
1999. Locally common throughout study-area
2000. 0402: 1 N'Djamena; 0602: 10 Katoa; 0902: 10 Mana, Bongor; 1102: 30 Kole Mara,
Mandelia; 1202: 100 n. of Darda
White Wagtail - Motacilla alba
2000. 0402: 1 N'Djamena
Red-throated Pipit - Anthus cervinus
1999. 2301: 15 Bongor; 2601: 2 Katoa
2000. 0902: 1 Mana, Bongor; 1202: 50 n. of Darda; 2002: 6 Koundoul
Yellow-throated Longclaw - Macronyx croceus
1999. 0102: 2 Malfana
Common Bulbul - Pycnonotus barbatus
Rufous Scrub-Robin - Cercotrichas galactotes
1999. 0202: 1 Malfana
2000. 0902: 1 Lifie, Bongor; 1202: 1 n. of Darda; 1602: 2 w. of Mandelia; 1702: 1 Malfana
Black Scrub-Robin - Cercotrichas podobe
1999. 0202: 2 Malfana
2000. 0802: 1 Guefné north of Bongor; 2002: 3 Zetane river, Koundoul
Spanish Wheatear - Oenanthe hispanica
2000. 1202: 4 n. of Darda; 1802: 2 Riguegué, Malfana
Northern Anteater Chat - Myrmecocichla aethiops
2000. 1502: 2 w. of Mandelia; 1902: 2 n. of Mandelia; 2002: 3 Zetane river, Koundoul
Reed Warbler - Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
2000. 1702: Male singing Malfana
Olivaceous Warbler - Hippolais pallida
1999. 0502: 1 N'Djamena
2000. 0402: 1 N'Djamena
Tawny-flanked Prinia - Prinia subflava
2000. 0402: 4 N'Djamena
Green-backed Camaroptera - Camaroptera brachyura
2000. 0902: 11 Lifie, Bongor; 1102: 3 Kole Mara, Mandelia; 1202: 2 Darda
Willow Warbler - Pylloscopus trochilus
2000. 1502: 1 w. of Mandelia
37
Black-crowned Tchagra - Tchagra senegala
2000. 0902: 1 Bariam, Bongor; 1 Lifie, Bongor; 1502: 2 w. of Mandelia; 1602: 1 Arbadji,
Mandelia
Yellow-crowned Gonolek - Laniarius barbatus
1999. 2901: 2 Mandelia
2000. 1002: 1 Lifie, Bongor; 1202: 2 Darda; 1502: 1 w. of Mandelia; 1902: 1 Dogo, Mandelia;
1 Mallo, Mandelia; 2102: 1 Darda
Yellow-billed Shrike - Corvinella corvina
2000. 0902: 1 Bariam, Bongor; 2 Lifie, Bongor
Great Grey Shrike - Lanius excubitor
1999. 2101: 2 Bongor; 2201: 1 Bongor; 2701: 6 Katoa
2000. 0602: 4 Koumi; 2 Katoa; 0702: 4 Katoa; 0902: 6 Mana, Bongor
Grey-backed Fiscal - Lanius excubitoroides
2000. 1402: 2 Holom
Common Fiscal - Lanius collaris
2000. 0502: 1 Bongor-Koumi; 0602: 6 Koumi
Brown Babbler - Turdoides plebejus
White-shouldered Black Tit - Parus leucomelas
Fork-tailed Drongo - Dicrurus adsimilis
2000. 0902: 6 Bariam, Bongor; 4 Lifie, Bongor; 1702: 1 Malfana; 1802: 1 Riguegué, Malfana
Piapiac - Ptilostomus afer
2000. 0602: 31 Koumi; 0702: 80 Katoa; 0802: 20 n. of Koumi; 1002: 30 Lifie, Bongor; 1602:
20 Darda; 1702: 100 Malfana
Pied crow - Corvus albus
Greater Blue-eared Glossy Starling - Lamprotornis chalybeus
2000. 1002: 30 Lifie, Bongor
Chestnut-bellied Starling - Lamprotornis pulcher
2000. 1502: 20 Darda; 2002: 3 Zetane river, Koundoul
Long-tailed Glossy Starling - Lamprotornis caudatus
Yellow-billed Oxpecker - Buphagus africanus
1999. 2301: 2 Bongor
2000. 0502: 1 Bongor-Koumi; 0602: 3 Koumi; 0902: 4 Bariam, Bongor
Pygmy Long-tailed Sunbird - Anthreptes platura
1999. 0102: Male and female Malfana
38
2000. 1502: 2 w. of Mandelia
Beautiful Sunbird - Nectarinia pulchella
2000. 0402: Male N'Djamena; 1502: 3 w. of Mandelia
Cut-throat Weaver - Amadina fasciata
1999. 2901: 5 Mandelia
2000. 0402: 2 N'Djamena; 0502: 1 Bongor-Koumi; 0902: 2 Bariam, Bongor
Black-rumped Waxbill - Estrilda troglodytes
1999. 2801: 2 Mandelia
Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu - Estrilda bengala
Red-billed Firefinch - Lagonosticta senegala
Bar-breasted Firefinch - Lagonosticta rufopicta
1999 and 2000. Locally common in study-area
Sudan Golden Sparrow - Passer luteus
Village Weaver - Ploceus cucullatus
Speckle-fronted Weaver - Sporopipes frontalis
Buffalo Weaver - Bubalornis albirostris
2000. 0502: 50 N'Djamena-Mandelia; 4 Mandelia-Guelendeng; large colony Bongor-Koumi;
0602: 430 Koumi; 0802: 30 n. of Koumi; 1002: 300 Lifie, Bongor
Grey-headed Sparrow - Passer griseus
2000. 0902: 30 Bariam, Bongor; 1102: 10 Kole Mara, Mandelia; 1902: 1 Mallo, Malfana
Broad-tailed Paradise Whydah - Vidua orientalis
1999. 2701: 1 Katoa; 0302: 3 Mandelia; 0402: 2 Koundoul
2000. 0502: Male N'Djamena-Mandelia; male Mandelia-Guelendeng; 1102: Male
Guelendeng-Mandelia;1202: 4 n. of Darda; 1502: 5 w. of Mandelia; 1802: 2 Riguegué,
Malfana; 1902: Male n. of Mandelia; 2002: 1 Zetane river, Koundoul
Wilson's Indigobird - Vidua wilsoni
2000. 0602: 1 Koumi; 1 Katoa; 1602: 2 n. of Mandelia
Village Indigobird - Vidua chalybeata
2000. 1602: 1 n. of Mandelia; 2002: 1 Zetane river, Koundoul
Red-billed Quelea - Quelea quelea
1999 and 2000. Locally very common throughout study-area
39
Plate 9. Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus).
8.2 List of mammal observations Chad
Besides the observations of birds in the Logone area in Chad, there were some observations
of mammals. These data were not systematically collected. For the identification we used
Dorst and Dandelot (1993).
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Four adults and two immatures were seen in the Chari river north of Darda on 12 February.
Striped Ground Squirrel (Euxerus erythropus)
This species was seen on a number of days.
Green Vervet Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)
On 18 February 20 Vervet Monkey were observed in a small patch of woodland east of
Malfana.
Patas (Cercopithecus patas)
In the above mentioned patch of woodland east of Malfana 15 Patas were seen on 17
February.
Common Jackal (Canis aureus)
On 13 February one Jackal was observed near Darda; on 14 February one near Malfana.
40
9 References
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Senegal. Pica Press, Sussex.
Bobo Kadiri, S. & B. Beladane 1998. Rapport sur le dénombrement d'oiseaux dans la zone
de Waza-Logone. Waza-Logone Project and Ecole de Faune, Garoua, Cameroun.
Davis, T.J. (ed.) 1994. The Ramsar Convention Manual: a guide to the convention on
wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat. Ramsar Convention
Bureau, Gland, Switzerland.
Del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds.) 1992 - 2001. Handbook of the Birds of the World.
Vol. 1-6. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Dodman, T. (ed.) 1997. A preliminary waterbird monitoring strategy for Africa: incorporating
the proceedings of the African Waterfowl Census Review and Development Workshop,
Djoudj, Senegal, 6-10 February 1996. Wetlands International Publ. 43, Wageningen, The
Netherlands.
Dodman, T., C. de Vaan, E. Hubert & C. Nivet 1997. African Waterfowl Census 1997. Les
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Dorst, J. & P. Dandelot 1993. Larger Mammals of Africa. HarperCollins, London.
Drijver, C. & J.C.J. van Wetten 1992. Sahel wetlands 2020; changing developmental policies
on Sahel’s best resources. International Council for Bird Preservation.
Dijkstra, A.J., W. Ganzevles, G. Gerritsen & S. de Kort 2002. Waders and waterbirds in the
floodplains of the Logone, Cameroon and Chad, January - February 1999. WIWO-report nr.
75, WIWO, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Ebbinge, B., A. St. Joseph, P. Prokosh & B. Spaans 1982. The importance of spring staging
areas for the arctic breeding geese , wintering in Western Europe. Aquila 89:249-258.
Haltenorth,T., H. Diller & C. Smeenk. 1979. Elseviersgids van de Afrikaanse Zoogdieren.
Elsevier, Amsterdam.
IUCN/CML 1994. Annual report Waza-Logone Project.
Kanyamibwa, S., A. Schierer, R. Pradel & J.D. Lebreton 1990. Changesin adult survival rates
in a western European population of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia. Ibis 132:27-35.
Kort, S. de & M. van Weerd 1995. Birds of the Logone floodplain; impact assessment of
periodical flooding on bird populations in the Waza Logone floodplain, Cameroon. Student
report for the Waza-Logone project and the Centre of Environmental Science Leiden,
Holland.
OAG Münster 1991. Report of the ornithological expedition to northern Cameroon.
Biologische Station Münster, Germany.
Perlo, B. van 1995. Birds of Eastern Africa. Harper Collins, London.
41
Rose, P.M. & J-Y. Pirot 1990. The international waterfowl census in Africa, 1957-1985. IWRB
special publication No 12. Slimbridge, UK.
Scholte, P.T., R. Azombo, E. Battokok, S. de Kort & M. van Weerd 1995. Waterfowl census
Waza-Logone area, Far North Cameroon, February 1995. Waza Logone Project and Ecole
de Faune Garoua.
Scholte, P.T., S. de Kort & M. van Weerd 1996. Birds of the Waza-Logone area, North
Cameroon.
Scholte, P.T., S. de Kort & M. van Weerd 1999. The Birds of the Waza-Logone Area, Far
North Province, Cameroon. Malimbus 21:16-50.
Scholte, P.S. 2000. Floodplain rehabilitation in Far North Cameroon, expected impact on
birdlife. Ostrich (in press).
Scott, D.A. & P.M. Rose 1996. Atlas of Anatidae Populations in Africa and Western Eurasia.
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Smit, C.J. & T. Piersma 1989. Numbers, mid-winter distribution and migration of Wader
populations using the Eastern Atlantic Flyway. In: H. Boyd & J-Y. Pirot (eds.) Flyways and
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Szep, T. 1995. Relationship between West-African rainfall and the survival of central
European Sand Martins Riparia riparia. Ibis 137:162-168.
Urban, E.K., C. Hilary & S. Keith 1986. The Birds of Africa, Volume 2. Academic Press.
Wetten, J.C.J. van & P. Spierenburg (eds.) 1998. Waders and waterfowl in the floodplains of
the Logone, Cameroon, January, 1993. WIWO-report nr. 67. WIWO, Zeist, The Netherlands.
WIWO 1999. Between Taymir and Table Mountain. Forward Plan 1999-2003. Foundation
Group International Waterbird and Wetland Research (WIWO). WIWO, Zeist, The
Netherlands.
Wolff, W.J. & C.J. Smit 1990. The Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania, as an environment for coastal
birds. Ardea 78:17-38.
42
10 Appendices
10.1 Size, weight , moult score and fat score of the ringed Sedge Warblers.
Species
Reed warbler
Date
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
22-02-01
22-02-01
22-02-01
22-02-01
22-02-01
moult score primaries
10 9 8 7 6 5 4
3
2
1
tot.
wing
mm
tarsu
s mm
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
42
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
66
70
69
69
70
67
66
69
66
70
65
67
70
68
65
69
66
69
65
69
71
64
67
70
69
66
69
68
68
67
69
70
70
70
66
68
66
20.6
21.0
21.0
21.5
21.3
21.3
22.6
21.7
21.0
21.9
21.3
20.8
23.0
20.4
20.4
21.4
22.6
20.6
20.8
22.3
25.5
20.4
21.9
20.9
21.3
21.4
21.8
22.1
22.9
21.9
20.0
21
22.0
21.1
21.2
21.7
21.6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
fat
scor
e
0
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
weight
g
10.6
12.2
10.5
11.2
10.3
14.0
11.2
10.5
10.3
10.9
10.0
10.0
9.5
10.0
10.0
11.8
11.2
12.5
10.6
11.3
12.1
10.7
11.9
11.6
11.4
10.5
11.4
10.4
10.3
12.5
10.5
14.9
12.4
14.2
11.5
43
10.2 Size, weight , moult score and fat score of Reed Warblers.
Species
Reed Warbler
Date
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
18-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
19-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
20-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
21-02-01
moult score primaries
10 9 8 7 6 5 4
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
5
5 5 5 5 5 5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
tot
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
wing
tarsus
102
99
99
101
92
97
96
103
100
99
96
80
97
96
100
98
100
98
94
92
95
92
101
99
29.0
30.7
29.1
30.6
31.4
27.5
29.2
29.5
29.8
30.2
29.4
27.9
29.0
28.9
30.1
29.4
28
29.6
26.6
28.2
31.3
30.5
29.4
29.8
fat
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
weight
36.0
32.5
31.5
30.0
34.2
27.8
30.5
32.5
32.2
32.0
28.5
26.3
32
27.0
32.5
33.5
31.5
31.0
27.5
27.5
29.8
25.4
30.1
27.4
44
10.3 Gazetteer
This gazetteer contains all the localities mentioned in the text. A geographical division is
made by distinguishing two sub-areas:
1. The Logone floodplain in Cameroon between Yagoua in the south and Kalamaloue
National Park in the north;
2. The Logone floodplain in Chad between Bongor in the south and N'Djamena in the north.
Cameroon
Alaven
Kalamaloue National Park
Mazera
Bagaka
Bagdassi
Benoué
Chafa
Dagun
Dawaya
Douala
Doulo
Dourlsa
Gaiwa
Kapra
Karam
Koualoum
Kraska
Lake Maga
Logomatya
Logone river
Lorome
Maga
Mahoembla
Mazra
Mgoun
Moukak
Mousgoun
Ngaoundere
Pouss
Raraf
Sarassara
Sifna
Tchede
Garle
Garoua
Gorome
Gouasani
Malaya
Maltam
Mandabe
Mara
Tekele
Waza Campement
Waza National Park
Yagoua
Goubeni
Goubga
Marda
Maroua
Yaoundé
Zimado
Guirvidig
Hetna
Holom
Iviye
Maskalaye
Massa
Matkeu
Mayo Vrick
Zina
Zoung
Chad
Ali Garga
Ambodjo
Arbadji
Arekolo
Assa Souli Bozzo
Bariam
Basaga
Bathakewa
Belete
Bongor
Boula
Budjoraye
Chari river
Darda
Doga
Doma
Dombala
Domo
Douvoul
Gouaye
Gouwa
Guefné
Guelendeng
Hadadja
Holom
Katoa
Kidim
Kole Mara
Koufal
Koumi
Koundoul
Lifie
Logone Gana
Logone river
Loumia river
Magadji
Malfana
Mallo
Mandelia
Marmatodji
Marsamaye
Mayo-Kebbi
Météné
Metete
Moo
Moulmoukou
N'Djamena
Ouloum
Oundouma
Outoukotoko
Outré
Riguegué
Teleme
Toufgounou
Tura
Yoyo
Zetane river
45
Gamal
Gangang
Mana
Manamdjo
Other localities
Komadougou Yobe (Nigeria) Niger river
Senegal river
10.4 List of abbreviations
CMEW
CML
IUCN
LCBC
LNV
PIN
WIWO
WLP
WWF
Chadian Ministry of Environment and Water
Centre for Environmental Studies Leiden
International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Lake Chad Basin Commission
Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries (Netherlands)
Programme of International Nature Management
Foundation Working Group of International Wader and Waterfowl Research
Waza-Logone Project
World Wildlife Fund
10.5 Itinerary 2000
A. General, all (Dutch) members of the team
3101
0102
0202
Flight Amsterdam-Paris-Douala
Flight Douala-Yaoundé-Ngaoundere-Maroua; meeting with WLP-co-ordinator
Peter van der Jagt; preparations at Maroua
Meeting with Cameroonian bird-census participants; preparations at Maroua
2302
2402
2502
2602
2702
2802
Maroua; writing of tentative paper
Maroua; writing of tentative paper
Campement des Eléfants, Benoué
Campement des Eléfants, Benoué
Campement des Eléfants, Benoué; travel to Maroua
Maroua; Flight to Douala-Paris-Amsterdam
B. Ringing team Cameroon
1502
Travel to Maga; preparation at ringing sites
16/1702
Catching and ringing of waders in rice-fields near Pouss
18/19/20/2102 Catching and ringing of passerines at a small marsh near Maga
2202
Travel to Maroua
C. Bird-census team Cameroon (Lake Maga and southern floodplain)
0302
0402
0502
0602
0702
0802
0902
Travel to Yagoua
Bird-counts at Yagoua-Hetna, ricefields Yagoua and the Logone from Yagoua
to Dourlsa; Lake Maga by pirogue
Bird-count along the Logone from Yagoua to Pouss
Bird-counts at Maga (polder) and along the road from Guirvidig to Pouss
Bird-counts in rice-fields Maga (north and east) and Pouss (west)
Bird-counts at rice-fields of Pouss (north) and Mousgoun Maga
Bird-counts at rice-field of Mgoun-Tekele, at Lorome, Mazera, the floodplain of
Tekele-Zina, Kraska and Mazra-Zina
46
1002
1102
Zina
1202
1302
1402
1502
2402
2502
2602
Bird-counts at Chafa, along the Logone to Iviye, along the logone form Holom
- Doulo and Zina-Doulo-Goubeni
Bird-counts at Bagdassi-Zina, Bagdassi-Garle, Dagun-Zoung and Mahoembla
Bird-counts at Kapra (Sarrassara) Zina, along the Logomatya from Koualoum
tot Zina and at the depression of Koualoum
Bird-count along the Vrick river, in the floodplain of Dawaya-Goromo, the
floodplain of Goromo and the floodplain of Goromo to Maskalaye, at the
deperession of Maskalaye and in the floodplain at Alaven
Bird-counts in the floodplain from Alaven to Malaya, in the floodplains at
Malaya and Massa
Travel to Maroua
Bird-counts at Goubga/Gaiwa and Diegueré
Bird-counts at Tchede, Raraf, Sifna/Marda and Marda-Alaven
Travel to Maroua
D. Bird census team Cameroon (Waza National Park and Northern floodplain)
0302
0402
0502
0602
0702
0802
0902
1002
1102
1202
1302
1402
Travel to Kousseri
Travel to Zimado; bird-counts at Zimado and Matkeu
Bird-counts at Matkeu, at the depression of Gouasani, at Karam-west, and the
transect of Karam-Bagaka-Iviye
Bird-counts at Zilim-Mandabe and the surroundings of Zilim
Bird-counts at Kalamaloue National Park
Bird-counts at Kalamaloue National Park
Bird-counts along the road Campement-Maltam-Waza
Bird-counts at Waza National Park
Bird-counts at Waza National Park
Bird-counts at Waza national Park
Bird-counts at Waza-Campement
Travel to Maroua
E. Bird-census team Chad
0302
0402
0502
0602
0702
0802
0902
1002
1102
1202
1302
1402
1502
1602
Travel by car to Kousseri
Travel to N'Djamena. Visits to Lake Chad Basin Commission and the Ministry
of Environment and Water. Preparations at N'Djamena (permits and papers).
Preparations at N'Djamena. Travel to Bongor and Koumi
Bird-counts at depressions near Koumi. Travel to Katoa. Bird-count at
depression near Katoa
Bird-counts at two depressions and the floodplain north and east of Katoa
Travel to Bongor. Bird-counts at depressions and rice-fields north and northeast of Bongor
Bird-counts at depressions north-east and east of Bongor
Bird-counts at depressions north-east of Bongor
Travel to Mandelia and Darda. Bird-counts at depressions of Kole Mara and
along Chari river north of Darda
Bird-counts along Chari river south of Darda and at depressions north of
Darda
Bird-counts at Logone-sidebranch, at depressions and along Loumia river,
Logone Gana
Bird-count by pirogue along Logone river between Logone Gana and Holom.
Bird-counts at depressions near Doufoul and Holom
Bird-counts at depressions west of Mandelia
Bird-counts at depressions south-west of Mandelia
47
1702
1802
1902
2002
2102
2202
Bird-counts at depressions and along Loumia river, Malfana
Bird-counts at depressions north-west of Mandelia
Bird-counts at depressions north-west of Mandelia
Bird-counts along Zetane river and at depressions near Koundoul; preparation
of preliminary results
Travel to N'Djamena. Presentation of results at the Sector of National Parks
and Nature Reserves and meeting with the Director-general of Lake Chad
Basin Commission
Travel to Maroua
48
10.6 List of WIWO-reports.
The WIWO-report series intends to be a regular medium by which occasional reports of
ornithological expeditions or journeys can be published. In this way regular distribution and
availability are guaranteed. Quality differences are accepted, since the authors remain
responsible.
WIWO-reports published:
1. Altenburg W., M. Engelmoer, R. Mes & T. Piersma 1982. Wintering waders at the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania.
Comm. 6 Wadden Sea Working Group. Leiden, The Netherlands. Sold out.
2. Kersten M., T. Piersma, C. Smit & P. Zegers 1983. Wader migration along the Atlantic coast of Morocco, March
1981. Texel, The Netherlands. € 12,3. Philippona J. 1985. Waterbirds at some wetlands in Turkey and Greece. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 1,75
4. Bijlsma R.G. & F.E. de Roder 1985. Waders along the coast of Thailand during November and December 1984.
Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
5. De Roder F.E. 1985. Waterbirds on some Turkish wetlands, October/November 1983. Zeist, The Netherlands. €
3,75
6. Van den Berk V., N. van den Berk, R.G. Bijlsma & F.E. de Roder 1985. The importance of some wetlands in
Turkey for transient and wintering birds in Turkey. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
7. Piersma T. 1985. Wader studies and waterbirds in the Nakdong Estuary, South Korea, in September 1984. Zeist,
The Netherlands. € 5,75
8. Chalabi B., J. Harrison & G. van Dijk 1985. Les zones humides du Nord-Est Algerien en 1984. Zeist, The
Netherlands. Sold out
9. Ens B. 1985. Tussen Sahara en Siberië. Ewijk, The Netherlands. € 2,25
9. Ens B. 1985. Entre Sahara et Siberie. Ewijk, The Netherlands. Sold out.
10. Van den Berk V., D. van Dorp, O. van Hoorn & R. Vos 1986. Cranes and waterfowl counts of some Turkish
wetlands. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 3,50
11. Van Dijk A.J., K. van Dijk, L. Dijksen, T. van Spanje & E. Wymenga 1986. Wintering waders and waterfowl in the
Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia, January-March 1984. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 14,12. Bijlsma R.G. & F.E. de Roder 1986. Notes on the birds of some wetlands in Turkey. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold
out.
13. Dijksen L.J. & F.J. Koning 1986. Mid-winter waterfowl census, Turkey 1986. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
14. Schilperoord L. & M. Schilperoord-Huisman 1986. Observations of waterbirds in some wetlands in Turkey,
July/August 1986. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 3,50
15. Altenburg W. 1987. Waterfowl in West African coastal wetlands: a summary of current knowledge. Zeist, The
Netherlands. € 4,75
16. Bennet C.A., R.G. Bijlsma & R. Stouthamer 1982. Survey of waterbirds on Egyptian wetlands, autumn 1981.
Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
17. Schekkerman H. & J.C.J. van Wetten 1987. An ornithological winter survey of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Zeist, The
18. Dijksen L.J. & P. van der Wolf 1987. Mid-winter waterfowl census Turkey January 1987. Zeist, The Netherlands. €
3,50
19. Lensink R. 1987. Notes on the birds of some wetlands in North-East Greece and Turkey. Zeist, The Netherlands.
€ 3,50
20. Meininger P.L. (ed.) 1990. Birds of the wetlands in North-East Greece, spring 1987. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 14,21. Dijksen L.J. & A-M.C. Blomert 1988. Mid-winter waterfowl census Turkey, January 1988. Zeist, The Netherlands.
Sold out.
22. Van der Have T., V.M. van den Berk, J.P. Cronau & M.J. Langeveld (eds.) 1988. South Turkey Project. A survey
of waders and waterfowl in the Çukurova deltas, spring 1987. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
23. Altenburg W. & J. van der Kamp 1989. Etude ornithologique préliminaire de la zone côtière du nord-ouest de la
Guinée. Joint report of WIWO and ICBP. WIWO-report 23, ICBP study report 30, Zeist, The Netherlands and
Cambridge, England. Sold out.
24. Chalabi B. & G. van Dijk 1988. Les zones humides dans la region de Anaba et El Kala en Mai 1987. Zeist, The
25. Ens B.J., T. Piersma, W.J. Wolff, L. Zwarts (eds.) 1989. Report of the Dutch-Mauritanian project Banc d'Arguin
85/86. WIWO-report 25, RIN-report 25, Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
26. Altenburg W., E. Wymenga & L. Zwarts 1992. Ornithological importance of the coastal wetlands of GuineaBissau. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
27. Ens B.J., T. Piersma, W.J. Wolff & L. Zwarts 1990. Homeward bound: Problems waders face when migrating from
the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania, to their northern breeding grounds in spring. WIWO-report 27, RIN-report 27, Zeist
& Texel. € 25,28. Van Winden A., K. Mostert, P. Ruiters, M. Sıkı & H. de Waard 1989. Waders and waterfowl in spring 1988 at Eber
Gölü. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
29. Van den Berg A.B. 1988. Moroccan Slender-billed Curlew survey, winter 1987-88. WIWO-report 29, ICBP-report
49
29, Zeist, The Netherlands and Cambridge, England. Sold out.
30. Keijl G.O., M.W.J. van Roomen, P.S. Ruiters & A. Wijker 1992. Migration of waders and other waterbirds along
the Mediterranean coast of Israel, spring 1989. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
31. Dijksen L.J. & A-M. Blomert 1989. Mid-winter waterfowl census Turkey January 1989. Zeist, The Netherlands. €
4,75
32. Schekkerman H. & M.W.J. van Roomen (eds.) 1993. Migration of waterbirds through wetlands in Central Anatolia,
spring 1988. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 7,33. Spiekman H. & N. Groen 1993. Survey of breeding waders and relations between breeding performance and
lemming densities, North-East Taimyr, Siberia, 1992. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
34. Van den Berk V.M., J.P. Cronau & T.M. van der Have 1993. Waterbirds in the Van Province, eastern Turkey, May
1989. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 7,35. Altenburg W. & J. van der Kamp 1991. Ornithological importance of coastal wetlands in Guinea. Joint report of
WIWO and ICBP. WIWO-report 35, ICBP study report 47, Zeist, The Netherlands & Cambridge, England. Sold
out.
36. Van der Have T.M., S. van der Sant, Y. Verkuil & J. van der Winden (eds.) 1994. Waterbirds in the Sivash,
Ukraine, spring 1992. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
37. Dijksen L.J. & A-M. Blomert 1993. Mid-winter waterfowl census Turkey January 1990. Zeist, The Netherlands. €
7,38. Spiekman H.W., G.O. Keijl & P.S. Ruiters (eds.) 1993. Waterbirds in the Kneiss area and other wetlands, Tunisia.
Eastern Mediterranean Wader Project, spring 1990. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,39. Wolff W.J. (ed.) 1998. Waders in Guinea-Bissau, October 1992-May 1993. The end of the East Atlantic Flyway.
Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,40. Meininger P.L. & G.A.M. Atta (eds.) 1994. Ornithological studies in Egyptian wetlands 1989/90. WIWO-report 40,
FORE-report 94.01, Zeist, The Netherlands. € 16,41. Schepers F.J. & E.C.L. Marteijn (eds.) 1993. Coastal waterbirds in Gabon. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 14,42. Hirschfeld E., S.A. Mohamed & T. Stawarczyk 1992. Bahrain wader study 1991. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
43. Brehme S., T. Müller & J. Redlich 1992. Bird observations in the Danube delta and in the Dobrodgea (Romania).
Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
44. Spiekman H. 1992. Wader ringing in Tunisia 1962-1986. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
45. Hustings F. (ed.) 1994. Bird census in the Kızılırmak delta, Turkey, in 1992. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,46. Meininger P.L., P.A. Wolf, D.A. Hadoud & M.F.A. Essghaier 1994. Ornithological survey of the coast of Libya, July
1993. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 7,47. Groen N.M. & P.J. Zomerdijk (eds.) 1994. Waders and waterbirds along part of the Atlantic coast of Morocco,
autumn 1991 - spring 1992. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,48. Kivit H.A., H. Nijmeijer & A. Ovaa (eds.) 1994. Wader and waterfowl migration in the Çukurova deltas, South
Turkey, spring 1990. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,49. Hagemeijer W.J.M. (ed.) 1994. Wintering waterbirds in the coastal wetlands of Albania, 1993. Zeist, The
Netherlands. Sold out.
50. Dijksen L.J. & M.C.M. Klemann 1994. Wintering geese in Turkey, January 1992. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 7,51. Gerritsen G.J. & N.M. Groen 1995. Icelandic Black-tailed Godwit project 1993. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
52. Vonk, H. 2003 Breeding Waders of Cape Wastochnia, Pyassina Delta, Taimyr, Russia, in 1994. Zeist, The
Netherlands. € 9,53. De Nobel W.T. (ed.) 1995. Birds of the Messolonghi wetlands. Eastern Mediterranean Wader Project, spring
1990. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,54. Van der Have T.M., N. Baccetti, G.O. Keijl & M. Zenatello 1997. Waterbirds in Kneiss, Tunisia, February-March
1994. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,55. Schekkerman H. & M. van Roomen 1995. Breeding waders at Pronchishcheva Lake, Northeastern Taimyr,
Siberia, in 1991. Zeist, The Netherlands. Sold out.
56. Van den Brink B., R.G. Bijlsma & T.M. van der Have (eds.) 1998. European Swallows Hirundo rustica in
Botswana. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,57. Tulp I., L.W. Bruinzeel, J. Jukema & O. Stepanova 1997. Breeding waders at Medusa Bay, western Taimyr, in
1996. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,58. Van den Brink B., R.G. Bijlsma & T.M. van der Have (eds.) 1998. European songbirds and Barn Swallows
Hirundo rustica in Ghana: a quest for Constant Effort Sites and swallow roosts in December/January 1996/97.
Zeist, The Netherlands. € 7,59. Veerman T. & H. Wessels 1998. Cranes Grus grus in NW-Russia, autumn 1996. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 4,75
60. Willems F.J. & E. de Vries 1998. Ecological aspects of Pygmy Cormorants Phalacrocorax pygmeus in Prespa,
Greece, May-August 1996. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,61. Tulp I., H. Schekkerman, T. Piersma, J. Jukema, P. de Goeij & J. van de Kam 1998. Breeding waders at Cape
Sterlegova, northern Taimyr, in 1994. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,62. Keijl G.O., P.S. Ruiters, T.M. van der Have, A. bij de Vaate, E.C.L. Marteijn & R. Noordhuis 1998. Waders
50
and other waterbirds in the United Arab Emirates, autumn 1994 and spring 1995. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,63. Schepers F.J., G.O. Keijl, P.L. Meininger & J.B. Rigoulot 1998. Oiseaux d'eau dans le Delta du Sine-Saloum et la
Petite Côte, Sénégal, janvier 1997. WIWO, Zeist, The Netherlands & Direction Parcs Nationaux du Sénégal,
Dakar, Sénégal. Sold out.
64. Zekhuis M.J. & D. Tempelman (eds.) 1998. Breeding birds of the Albanian wetlands, spring 1996. Zeist, The
Netherlands. € 12,65. Wieland A. 2000. Surveys of flora and fauna in the Senné fishponds area, Slovakia, spring 1997. Zeist, The
Netherlands. € 9,66. Khomenko S., S. Rosenfeld & S. Dyluk 2000. Birds of Medusa Bay, NW Taimyr, in 1997. Zeist, The Netherlands.
€ 9,67. Van Wetten, J.C.J. & P. Spierenburg 1998. Waders and waterfowl in the floodplains of the Logone, Cameroun,
January 1993. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,68. Keijl G.O., A. Brenninkmeijer, F.J. Schepers, R.E. Brasseur, A. Ndiaye, E.W.M. Stienen & J. Veen 2000. Oiseaux
nicheurs sur les côtes du Parc National du Sine-Saloum et du Parc National Langue de Barbarie, Sénégal, 1998.
WIWO-report 68, IBN-DLO-report 99/6. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,69. Exo, K.-M. & O. Stepanova 2000. Ecology of Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola breeding in the Lena Delta,
The Sakha Republic/Yakutia, in 1997. Report on a pilot study. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 14,70. Overdijk O, C. de le Court & A. Gueye 2001. Spoonbill count on the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania, January 2000.
Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,71. Van der Winden J., E.A. Diadecheva, W.T. de Nobel & M.W.J. van Roomen (eds.) 2001. Counts and ecology
of waterbirds in the Sivash, Ukraine, August 1998. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 14,72. Van der Have T.M., G.O. Keijl, J. Mansoori & V.V. Morozov 2001. Searching for Slender-billed Curlews in Iran,
January-February 2000. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,73. Geene R. (ed.) 2001. Waterbird count of Zanzibar and Pemba Islands, Tanzania, January 1998. Zeist, The
Netherlands. € 14,74. Bos J.F.F.P., G.M. van der Geest, N.L.M. Gilissen, R.A.J. Pahlplatz, I. Essetti & F. Ayache 2001. Waterbirds
in the Gulf of Gabès and other wetlands in Tunisia, autumn 1999. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 12,75. Dijkstra A.J., W. Ganzevles, G.J. Gerritsen & S. de Kort 2002. Waders and waterbirds in the floodplains of the
Logone, Cameroon and Chad, January - February 1999. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 9,76. Heunks C. & E. Heunks 2002. Distribution and status of Great Bustards Otis tarda in the Konya Basin, Turkey,
spring 2000. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 7,77. Willems F., C. van Turnhout, H. van Kleef & R. Felix (eds.) 2002. Breeding birds of Medusa Bay, Taimyr,
Russia. Methods for biological monitoring in the Arctic, with results of 1998 and 1999. Zeist, The Netherlands.
€ 16,78. Klaassen R.H.G., H. Schekkerman, I. Tulp, M. Berezin, A.G. Bublichenko, J.N. Bublichenko, S.P. Kharinotov,
S. Rosenfeld & S. Khomenko 2003. Monitoring and breeding ecology of arctic birds at Medusa bay, Taimyr,
Russia, in 2000. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 14,79. Jalving, R.J.G. & R.T. Vos. 2003. Waterbirds in Lake Orumieh, Iran. September 2000. Zeist, The Netherlands.
€ 9,80. Deuzeman S.B.,T.M. van der Have T.M., W.T. de Nobel & B. van den Brink 2004. European swallows Hirundo
rustica and other songbirds of wetlands in Ghana, December 1997. Zeist, The Netherlands. € 8,81. Hagemeijer E.J.M., C.J. Smit, P. de Boer, A.J. van Dijk, N. Ravenscroft, M.W.J. van Roomen & M. Wright
2004. Wader and waterbird census at the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania, January 2000. Beek-Ubbergen, The
Netherlands. € 12,82. Ganzevles W. & J. Bredenbeek (eds.) 2005. Waders and waterbirds in the floodplains of the Logone,
Cameroon and Chad, February 2000. Beek-Ubbergen, The Netherlands. € 8,These reports can be ordered by paying the mentioned amounts for each required copy, plus € 7,- administration
costs for each separate order of WIWO-reports, to postal giro account 2.666.009 or to ABN-Amro bank account
57.02.16.613 of Stichting WIWO, Utrecht, The Netherlands. It is important to mention the numbers of the required
reports. Postage for surface mail is included in the prices. The administration costs are required to cover the bank
costs for payments from abroad. They are not due for payments from Dutch accounts.
51
WIWO
Foundation Working Group International Waterbird and Wetland Research
WIWO, a foundation under Dutch law, was established in 1983 to form a unifying
centre for Dutch ornithologists participating in ornithological expeditions to WestAfrica. The aims of WIWO are to initiate, stimulate and organise scientific research
on waterbirds and wetlands worldwide and to transfer the gathered knowledge for the
protection of the habitats and bird populations involved. WIWO is an organisation
exclusively working with unpaid volunteers with a miscellaneous scientific
background. The data collected in the field during WIWO-projects often require
laborious efforts at home to evaluate, analyse and report them. Up to 2004 over 80
projects have been carried out in more than 20 countries.
During the expeditions much information has been collected on waterbirds in a large
number of wetlands along the entire East Atlantic Flyway, the Mediterranean Flyway,
the East-African Flyway, and in the Eurasian Arctic. Furthermore, information has
been collected on function, importance and extent of protection and threats to the
wetlands visited. WIWO's main role is to gather information that will provide a sound
basis for the protection of the populations and areas concerned. The results are
made available to all organisations and individuals active in nature conservation
through a series of reports, as well as through scientific and popular papers. Up to
2004, over 80 reports have been published. WIWO does not act as co-ordinating
organisation such as Birdlife International or IUCN. The main strength of WIWO is its
capability to mobilize volunteers with a professional attitude for ornithological
research expeditions.
All correspondence should be sent to
WIWO, Rijksstraatweg 178, 6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen, The Netherlands.
For more information, visit us at www.wiwo.org
Since 1991 several ornithological surveys and studies have
been carried out in the Waza-Logone floodplain. A total of
346 bird species has been recorded since 1991. The most
numerous waterbird species are White Pelican, Squacco
Heron, Little Egret, Cattle Egret, Glossy Ibis, White-faced
Whistling Duck, Collared Pratincole, Ruff and Black-tailed
Godwit. For the resident species Black-crowned Crane the
Logone floodplain is one of the last strongholds. For Collared
Pratincole the area is one of the major wintering areas in
Africa. Sedge Warbler and Reed Warbler are very abundant
as well as Barn Swallow.
Annual counts of wintering waterbirds in the Lake
Chad Basin Area in Cameroon (The Logone river and its
floodplain) started in 1993 and showed the importance of the
Logone floodplain for wintering waterbird species.
The February 2000 census presented in this report
counted nearly 230.000 waterbirds and waders in the
floodplains on both sides of the Logone river in Cameroon
and Chad. Waterbird numbers in the Lake Chad Basin Area
have been increasing since 1995, indicating that the
floodplain restoration of the Waza-Logone Project has a
positive effect on waterbird habitat quality.
WIWO-report nr. 82
2005

Waders and Waterbirds in the Floodplanes of the

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