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OVERVIEW OF EARLY AGE SMOKERS IN THE KERTONEGORO VILLAGE, SUB JENGGAWAH,
JEMBER REGENCY
Christyana Sandra1
Yennike Tri Herawati2
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Department of Administration and Health Policy, Public Health Faculty, Jember University, Jember
Correspondence: Jl. Kalimantan I/93 Jember. Telp (0331-337878). Fax (0331-322995). Mobile phone
081331911040. email : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Background: The number of early age smokers prevalence is increasing. Yet smoking at an early
age increases the risk to health. The survey shows that the number of early age smokers aged
13-15 years reached 26.8%. Smoking is a major impact factor on lung health. 4000 contained in
cigarette smoke chemicals hazardous to health. Two of them are addictive nature of nicotine
and tar is carcinogenic. Toxins and carcinogens that arise from the burning of tobacco can lead
to cancer. Stopping smoking habits at an early stage is important to improve the health of
smokers themselves, and delay health problems. The objective of this study was to describe
early age smokers health condition at Kertonegoro Village, Jember Regency. Methods: This
research is descriptive study. Population of this study was the citizens at Kertonegoro Village
who had met the given criteria. Sample size was 10 persons and their families. Results and
Discussion: Results showed that the age of starting smoking of respondents was 10 years. The
main factor they start smoking at an early age is copying the habbits of their friends and their
parents. Whereas, of 10 respondents, 7 respondents start smoking at the age of 10 years (70%),
2 respondents in the age of 12 years (20%), and 1 respondent at the age of 14 years (10%). All
respondents known about the dangers of smoking espescially from school but lack of the
parents attention makes the habit continues. Whereas, of 10 respondents, 9 respondents (90%)
have notified their smoking habits to their parents. But there was no strong response from
parents to forbid their children smoking habbits. When the researchers asked about the opinion
of parents towards their children smoking habbits, most parents can not forbid their children to
smoke because of the morning until late afternoon they had to work in the fields. In the
evening, the time used for rest after working all day in the fields. But all parents didn’t agree
their children smoke because it would be a waste of money. Recommendation: provision of
knowledge about the dangers of smoking can be included in the curriculum of learning at
primary school children and junior high school.
Keywords: Descriptive, Early age smokers
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INTRODUCTION
Smoking is a major impact factor on lung health. There are 4000 chemical hazardous
contain in cigarette. Both of them are an nicotine is an addictive and tar is carcinogenic. Toxin
and carcinogens that arise due to burning tobacco may caused cancer (Mardiani, 2004).
except cancer, Hudoyo remained, the smokers would be at risk of emphysema (alvioly
damages). Cigarette smoke at active smoker will stimulate an enzym elastase. The release of
this enzyme can damage elasticity of lung dan alveoli. It can make smoker will breathless.
Smoking also can damages cells of philia in the respiratory tract. Cells of philia have a function
as espectorant. If the cells of philia are damaged then can be accumulate sputum, that
accumulate can caused of infection. Active smokers are also risk suffer from chronic bronchitis
(cough cronic), increased asthma, and increased carbon monoxide in the blood, heart attack
dan stroke. Hudoyo said “stopping that habit will be reduce the risk of diseases tobacco
caused”
(Anonymous,
2006).
Prevalence of the beginner smoker at adolescent is increasing. In a fact, smoking at an
early age can increases the risk of health. Smoking can raises enjoyment. Although endanger of
health, as if not comparable to the perceived enjoyment. Smoke of cigarette is not only make
an adult smoker intoxicated. A survey Global Youth Tobacco presents astounding results. The
survey shows the number of beginner smokers in adolescents aged 13-15 years reached 26.8%.
From that number mentioned comparison pravelence of smoking in adolescent males aged 1315 years 24.5%, whereas in girls at 2.3% (Jamal, 1992).
"The result is very worrying because it includes the right of the child's life. lose of the
right to life, "said Secretary General Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak Sirait. He says that
increase is occurs because of incessant cigarette advertising, both inside and outside the room.
besides the rights of children deprived, health impact will certainly be felt more dangerous for
teens. "More early on smoked, the greater the health effects. Effects of smoking can be felt
directly and indirectly, "said Global Youth Tobacco Survey researcher Aditama (Patsis, 2005).
Teenagers who start smoking do not realize the addictive nature of nicotine, a substance
contained in cigarettes. Continued smoking behavior among young people is usually through
the stages preparatory to try, then become regular smokers and eventually became addicted to
nicotine. In the beginning, of the process of trial and error to its heavy dependence on nicotine
lasted one year or less. Losses incurred cigarettes very much for your health. But unfortunately,
there are still many people who still choose to enjoy it. "This is related to the perceived effects
of smoking. Because the nicotine in cigarettes affects the nervous system is capable of inducing
the formation such as dopamine. This substance alone can give the effect of calmness, "said a
doctor from Rumah Sakit Persahabatan Jakarta Hudoyo a lung specialist (Nazir and Nurzainun,
2006). As a result, smokers will feel calmer, thinking feel more brilliant, and able to suppress
hunger. Increasing liquid chemicals such as dopamine would cause arousal of pleasure as well
as a desire for a cigarette again. This is why smokers leave smoking is very difficult because it
has a dependency on nicotine. Stopping smoking habits at an early stage is important to
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improve the health of smokers themselves, and health problems delayed (Sallehudin, 2007).
The objective of this study was to describe early age smokers health condition at Kertonegoro
Village, Jember Regency.
METHOD AND MATERIAL
This study uses the description methodology because only get information about the
description of early smoker in the Kertonegoro Village, Sub Jenggawah, Jember Regency. The
population was Kertonegoro villagers who fulfill the following criteria:
a. Samples were Kertonegoro villagers.
b. Children aged under 15 years who have a smoking habit and his family.
c. Willing to be interviewed.
The number of samples in this study were 10 respondents (children aged under 15
years) and 10 family respondents. Data collection was done by in-depth interviews using a
questionnaire with open questions and study secondary data documentation. Data obtained
from interviews and recording documents can be presented in narrative form (textular) were
clarified by tables or images / graphics that are then analyzed descriptively.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
a. Characteristics of Respondents
Based on interviews conducted in the village of Kertonegoro, Sub Jenggawah, Jember
Regency, the respondents note that from 93 respondents, there were 63 respondents in the
family members who had the habit of smoking.
Tabel 1. Presence of Family Members Smoking on Respondents Kertonegoro Village, Sub
Jenggawah, Jember Regency In 2012
Number
1
2
Smoking Family Member
Presence
Non presence
Sum
Sum
63
30
93
Percentage
67,74
32,26
100,00
From 63 respondents who had the habit of smoking, 10 of them are early age smokers
(age <15 years).
Tabel 2. Age Start Routine Smoking on Respondents Kertonegoro Village, Sub Jenggawah,
Jember Regency In 2012
Number
1
2
3
4
Age start Routine Smoking
< 15 tahun
15-18 tahun
19-21 tahun
> 21 tahun
Sum
Sum
10
24
30
11
93
Percentage
13,30
32,00
40,00
14,70
100,00
Last education level is one indicator of a person's knowledge and will affect decisionmaking, where the level of education can be said villagers Kertonegoro in low educated. Based
on the data obtained through interviews all respondents did not know an education as
required, the nine-year compulsory education up to graduate level or SMP / MTs. 39% just pass
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SD / MI and most others do not go to school or not graduating SD / MI. This situation was due
to cost limitations.
Tabel 3. Characteristics of Respondents Kertonegoro Village, Sub Jenggawah, Jember
Regency By Education Level in 2012
Number
1
2
3
4
Education Level
Tidak Sekolah
Pendidikan Dasar (SD)
Pendidikan Menengah (SMP, SMA)
Pendidikan Tinggi (Diploma, Strata 1, Strata 2)
Sum
Sum
7
45
39
2
93
Percentage
7,52
48,39
41,94
2,15
100,00
b. Reasons Smoking of Respondents
Through in-depth interviews, it was known that the main reason of respondent had
smoking habbit was followed the smoking habits of parents and friends. From 10 respondents;
7 respondents started smoking at age 10; 2 respondents started smoking at age 12 and 1
respondent started smoking at the age of 14 years. All respondents were known about the
dangers of smoking, but due to lack of attention from parents and lack of interaction with the
teacher had dropped out the adults to remind them. From 10 respondents, nine respondents
said that older people had known the habit of smoking respondents respondents. However,
respondents' parents couldn’t prevent the respondent smoking, because most of the time they
spent working in the fields from morning to evening. During the afternoon, they used to rest.
But the parents said that they didn’t approve their children smoking habbits because just spent
much money. On activities related to worship has been inserted advice or information about
the dangers of smoking on teenagers, but it seems less significant impact on early age smokers
in the Kertonegoro Village.
CONCLUSIONS
Need for further research on other factors that encourage smokers to continue
smoking beside behavioral factor and environmental factor. Its also suggested a policy
regarding banning the sale of cigarettes to children or adolescents.
RECOMMENDATION
Provision of knowledge about the dangers of smoking can be included in the curriculum
of learning at primary school children and junior high school.
REFERENCES
1.
Mardiani, T.H. Jurnal : Bahan Kimia dalam Rokok, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas
Sumatera Utara. http://www.library.usu.ac.id. (12 Agustus 2012 Citation). 2004.
2.
Jamal, S. Pengaruh Rokok terhadap Kesehatan. Jakarta : Cermin Dunia Farmasi No XI. 1992:
33-41.
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3.
Anonymous. Bahaya Merokok. http://109high.blogspot.com/2006/08/kandunganrokok.html. The Scottish Health Education Group. (24 Agustus 2012 Citation). 2006.
4.
Patsis, L. Nicotine: Tolerance and its Effects on the Cardiovascular System, The Lungs and
The Fetus. www.nyu.edu/classes/jaeger/nicotine.htm. (23 Februari 2012 Citation). 2005.
5.
Nasir, H dan Nurzainun. Dampak Merokok Bagi Kesehatan. Jakarta : Badan POM RI. 2006:
12-16.
6.
Sallehudin. Bahaya Kandungan Rokok kepada Perokok dan Orang di Sekelilingnya.
www.toluislam.com. (24 Agustus 2012 Citation). 2007.