Market Trends and Export of Thai Fruits - TFNet

Transcription

Market Trends and
Export of Thai Fruits
Narong Chomchalow
Songpol Somsri
Prempree Na Songkhla
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Major Fruits of Thailand
3. Marketing of Major Fruits of Thailand
4. National Policies
5. Strength and Weakness of
Thai Fruit Industry
1. Introduction
Thailand has an area of 51.31 mill. ha
Population of 65 mill.
Located in SE Asia, 98-108oE, 25-30oN
Aver. rainfall: 1,200-1,600 mm
Aver. temp.: 25-30oC
Suitable to produce a wide range of
tropical and sub-tropical fruits
2. Major Fruits of Thailand
Thailand is one of the most abundant
sources of tropical fruits in the world
It has high diversification in tropical fruits
Some subtropical fruits are also grown
Thai fruits are popular among consumers
throughout the world
Volume of export of major fruits (fresh fruits and
products) of Thailand, average of 2003-2005
Total = 1,066,968 tons
Pineapple
644,135
Longan
198,792
Durian
136,932
Pummelo
7,071
Mango
17,202
Mangosteen
27,064
Rambutan
14,496
Lychee
21,276
Value of export of major fruits (fresh fruits and
products) of Thailand, average 2003-2005
Total = 819.357 US$ mill.
Pineapple
566.002
Longan
131.958
Durian
66.355
Pummelo
3.008
Mango
13.908
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Mangosteen
14.318
Rambutan,
11.856
Lychee
17.576
Total production of major fruits of Thailand, 2005
Total = 6,697,546 tons
Pummelo
276,628
Longan
705,534
Pineapple
2,189,293
Durain
640,242
M ango
2,080,650
M angosteen
207,309
Rambutan
518,616
15/08/50
Lychee
79,274
Percent export of major fruits of Thailand, 2005
Average = 17.40 %
Longan
34.28
Durain
23.54
Pine apple
30.63
Mangoste e n
19.74
Lyche e
31.08
Pumme lo
2.27
Mango
0.82
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Rambutan
2.48
2.1 Longan (Dimocarpus longana)
Originated in S. China, spread to many
countries in Asia: Thailand, India, Myanmar,

Sri Lanka

Many cultivars developed with thick flesh,
small seed, heavy bearer

Some acclimatized in other regions with hot
& humid climate
Off-season cultivars also developed
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100 year-old longan tree
Wonderful setting
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2.3 Its Origin was a Mystery
9 Although
the farmers know how to propagate
MK, no one could explain its origin.
9 Some believe that MK is borne on the eastern
side of the palm while others believe it is borne
on the western side
9 Both are sometimes correct
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Longan

11.1% of total fruit area

Commercial cultivars
include: ‘I Do’, ‘Haeo’,
‘Biao Khiao’ &
‘Si Chomphu’
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In 2005:

Area planted: 153,000 ha

Total production:706,000 tons

Export: 242,000 tons = US$ 143 mill.

34.3% of total production

World’s largest exporter

‘I Do’ occupies 75%; ‘Haeo’, ‘Biao
Khiao’, ‘Si Chomphu’, 7% each
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2.2 Durian (Durio zebethinus)
Originated in Borneo
Presently grown in all ASEAN countries
Most famous fruit of SE Asia
‘King of Fruits’ and ‘Fruit of Kings’
‘Tastes like heaven, smells like hell’
Thai durian has very good taste and
mild aroma, some with shriveled seeds

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Durian
11% of total fruit area
World’s largest
producer and exporter
include: ‘Mon Thong’

‘Chani’ ‘Kan Yao’ ‘Kradum’
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In 2005:

Total production: 640,000 tons

Export: 150,000 tons
= US$ 77.4 mill.

15/08/50
‘Kan Yao’
‘Kradum’
‘Kradum’
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‘Chani’
‘MonThong’
‘MonThong’

In
2005:

15/08/50
Factors involved (Con’t.)
Storage Period

Short period: Less fluffy
Medium period: More fluffy
Long period: Fully fluffy
Longer period: Fluffy meat disintegrates
15/08/50

In
2005:

Export: 150,000 tons
= US$ 77.4 mill.

15/08/50
2.3 Mangosteen
(Garcinia mangostana)
Originated
‘Queen
in Sunda Islands
of Fruits’
Widely
grown in SE Asia and other tropical
countries in the Americas
Thai
mangosteen attracts foreigners
Marketed
in Europe and Middle East & many
Asian countries such as Japan and China
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Mangosteen
Grown in the East and
the South

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In 2005:

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4.2 Experiment & Conclusion
Concluded
that MK is controlled by a single
gene
MK is recessive – k
Normal character is dominant – K
MK-bearing palm is a heterozygote (Kk)
Controlled self-pollination yields a 3 : 1 ratio
of Normal : MK
MK fruit (kk) does not germinate
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2.4 Lychee (Litchi chinensis)
Originated
in Southern China
Introduced from China during the reign of
King Rama II, grown in the lowland near
Bangkok
Acclimatized to new habitat and bear fruit
annually – ‘Khom’, ‘Chakkraphat’
Main production area in the North
New cultivars developed by Thai farmers
include ‘Hong Huai’, ‘Kim Cheng’, ‘O Hia’
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Lychee
2.1% of total fruit area
include: ‘Hong Huai’,
‘O Hia’, ‘Chakkraphat’

15/08/50
In 2005:

Export: 25,000 tons
= US$ 18.5 mill.

15/08/50

Export: 25,000 tons
= US$ 18.5 mill.

In
2005:
15/08/50
2.5 Rambutan
(Nephelium lappaceum)

Originated in Malaysia and Indonesia

Grown in most ASEAN countries

Two cultivars ‘Rong Rian’ (77%) and ‘Si Chomphu’
(23%) have loosened seed coat easily separable
from juicy pulp

De-seeded rambutan stuffed with a chunk of
pineapple and canned in syrup is a unique blend of
taste of the two fruits
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Rambutan

include:
* ‘Rong Rian’
* ‘Si Chomphu’
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In 2005:
Export: 84,000 tons
= US$ 11.55 mill.
Largest producer and exporter of
canned rambutan

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6.2 Planting More MK-bearing Palms
If
more MK-bearing palms (Kk) are grown
close together, there is a greater chance to
obtain MK fruits (kk) as the k pollen from
Kk palm can pollinate the k egg of another
Kk palm; thus increasing the production of
MK fruits (kk)
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‘Si Chomphu’
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‘Rong Rian’
2.6 Mango (Mangifera indica)
Native
to Indo-Myanmar region, cultivated
4000 years ago
Popular
in Thailand and other Asian
countries
Many
cultivars, some are very sweet,
eaten with glutinous rice; others are
eaten green
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Mango

20 cultivars grown
commercially, e.g. ‘Nam Dok
Mai Si Thong’, ‘Khiao Sawoei’,
‘Thong Dam’ ‘Maha Chanok’
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In 2005:

Total production: 2.08 mill. tons

Export: 17,000 tons
= US$ 13.16 mill.

15/08/50
6.5 Production of MK Hybrids

MK pollens were obtained from ‘MK Island’

They were used to pollinate five cultivars:
‘Nam Hom’, ‘Yellow Malayan Dwarf’, ‘Red Malayan Dwarf’,
‘Thung Khlet’ and ‘West African Tall’ by HRI, DOA

All F1 produces a 3:1 ratio of Normal : MK
as expected (except West African Tall hybrid which is cross
pollinated as it is a tall palm)
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8.3 Role of Galactomannan

Formed from galactose sugar attached with high
molecular weight mannose sugar

Its property is to give the food its viscosity, e.g. making
milk an ice cream, cocoa a chocolate

MK is delicious because of the presence of
galactomannan as it is viscous and tender
‘Maha Chanok’
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‘Kaeo’- mango
for processing
‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’
15/08/50
‘Nang Klang Wan’
‘Khiao Sawoei’
15/08/50
‘Raet’
2.7 Pummelo
(Citrus maxima)

Considered one of the best fruits of SE Asia
where it originated
Largest of all citrus fruits, with thick skin,
making it suitable for long-storage period
Edible pulp is juicy, tasteful and rich in
vitamins A, B1, C
Thai pummelos are superior in quality having
exceptional taste and flavor with no seed
15/08/50
Pummelo
15/08/50

include: ‘Thong Di’,
‘Khao Namphueng’,
‘Khao Paen’, ‘Khao
Phuang’, ‘Khao Yai’,
‘Khao Taengkwa’,
‘Tha Khoi’
In 2005:

Export: 6,000 tons
= US$ 2.85 mill.

15/08/50
‘Thong
‘Khao
15/08/50
Paen’
Di’
2.8 Pineapple
Originated in tropical South
America
Spread over many tropical
countries, esp. ASEAN countries
Highly adaptive to growing
conditions in Thailand

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Pineapple

World’s largest producer
(19% of world’s total output)

15/08/50
Commercial cultivars include:
Pattawia (Smooth Cayenne)
Phuket (Malacca Queen)
Nang Lae
In 2005:

Ranks first in the world in the
export of canned pineapple
15/08/50
In 2005:

Ranks first in the world in the
export of canned pineapple
15/08/50
‘Phuket’
‘Si Racha’
‘Phetchaburi’
15/08/50
3. Marketing of
Major Fruits of
Thailand
15/08/50
3.1 Domestic
Market
15/08/50
3.1.1 Marketing System
Supply and demand are important
mechanism mobilizing commodities
from production origin to consumers

Operates from local traders through
wholesalers to retailers

Transportation is the most important
component of marketing cost

Fruit processing is highly developed
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3.1.2 Price Determination
Local traders offer farmers a buying price
based on market info. of previous days

Advanced farmers contact wholesalers directly,
arrange shipment, and inform price later on
Having
good transportation facilities, truck
merchants & farmers step in trading business
Some
15/08/50
farmers sell produces directly in big cities
3.1.2 Price Determination
based on market info. of the previous days
Advanced
farmers contact wholesalers directly,
Having
Some
15/08/50
3.1.2
Price
based on
market
info.Determination
of previous days

Advanced farmers contact wholesalers directly,
Having
Some
15/08/50
3.1.3 Wholesale Markets

Previously only two existed: At Pak
Khlong Talat and Wang Maha Nak

Now many exist in Bangkok, its
outskirts & neighboring provinces

Market competitiveness has become
more intense than ever
15/08/50
3.1.4 Marketing Infrastructure
15/08/50

A “one-stop” service policy
developed at central markets

To shortcut handling, grading,
packaging, quality control,
custom facilities
3.1.5 Marketing Channels

15/08/50
Main channel: From farm
through brokers - wholesalers retailers - consumers
80% domestic market.
20% fresh and processed fruits
for export

Main channel: From farm through
3.1.5
Marketing
Channels
brokers – wholesalers – retailers consumers
80% domestic market
20% fresh and processed fruits for
export
15/08/50
Producers
(Farmers)
Farm
Suppliers
Crop Collectors
Processing
Plant
Export
Market
Supermarket
Chains
Superstore
Supermarket
Depot
Brokers
Wholesale
Market
Market
Wholesaler
Green Grocers
Market
(Fresh Market)
Stalls
Catering
Retail
Market
Consumers
Marketing channels of fresh and processed fruits in Thailand
15/08/50
3.1.6 Modern-Trade System
Two big wholesale markets near Bangkok:
Talat Thai and Si Mum Mueang
Several
exists in the provinces
Retail
markets: hypermarkets, supermarkets,
convenience stores
Buy
fruits from wholesale markets or
brokers linked to growers’ networks
15/08/50
3.2 Export Market
15/08/50
140,000
Quatity (MT)
120,000
Major
Major exporting
exporting countries
countries of
of
tropical
tropical fruits,
fruits, volume
volume in
in 2004
2004
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
Source: FAO, 2004
15/08/50
Country
Madagascar
Egypt
China
Venezuela
Indonesia
Australia
Kenya
US
Malaysia
Thailand
0
Value
Value (000
(000 US$)
US$)
45,000
45,000
40,000
40,000
Major
Major exporting
exporting countries
countries of
of
tropical
tropical fruits,
fruits, value
value in
in 2004
2004
35,000
35,000
30,000
30,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
20,000
Source: FAO, 2004
15/08/50
Country
Country
Ma
ad
da
ag
ga
as
sc
ca
arr
M
Eg
gy
yp
ptt
E
Ch
hin
ina
a
C
Ve
en
ne
ezu
zue
ela
la
V
Ind
do
on
ne
es
sia
ia
In
Au
us
stra
tralia
lia
A
Ke
en
ny
ya
a
K
US
S
U
Ma
ala
lay
ys
sia
ia
M
0
0
Th
ha
aila
ilan
nd
d
T
15,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
Quantity
Quantity(Mt)
(Mt)
2002
2002
2003
2003
900,000
900,000
2004
2004
800,000
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
500,000
500,000
400,000
400,000
300,000
300,000
200,000
200,000
F
ru
its
F
ru
its
P
ro
c
e
s
s
e
d
P
ro
c
e
s
s
e
d
O
th
e
O
th
e
rr
J
a
m
J
a
m
F
ru
J
u
ic
e
F
ru
ititJ
u
ic
e
D
rie
dF
F
ru
its
D
rie
d
ru
its
F
ro
e
nF
F
ru
its
F
ro
zz
e
n
ru
its
0
0
F
re
s
hF
F
ru
its
F
re
s
h
ru
its
100,000
100,000
Details
Details
Volume
of
Volume
of export
export of
of various
various products
products of
of tropical
tropical fruits
fruits from
from Thailand
Thailand
15/08/50
800
2002
2003
Export value (US$ Million)
700
2004
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Fresh Fruits
Frozen
Fruits
Dried Fruits Fruit Juice
Jam
Other
Processed
Fruits
Details
Value
Value of
of export
export of
of various
various products
products of
of tropical
tropical fruits
fruits from
from Thailand
Thailand
15/08/50
4. National Policies
Free Trade Area (FTA) policy: Proactive strategy
in opening markets for trade, investment, service,
custom procedure and intellectual property

FTA between China & Thailand: Import increased
by 128% while export increased by 70%

More FTA: India, Australia, Japan, US, Bahrain,
Peru, S. Korea, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
15/08/50
5.1 Strength of Thai Fruit Industry

Being small growers, they handle
business effectively

Good logistics for local and export
markets

Suitable climatic condition yielding
good quality fruits
15/08/50
5.2 Weakness of Thai Fruit Industry

Growers not well organized

Growers do not have experience

High cost of production as
compared to market price

Labor shortage
15/08/50
Weakness of Thai Fruit Industry

Growers not well organized

Growers do not have experience

High cost of production as
compared to market price